[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163207},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method":3,"nav-reference":1337},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1330,"extension":1331,"meta":1332,"navigation":268,"path":1333,"seo":1334,"stem":1335,"__hash__":1336},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1297},"minimark",[9,19,26,34,109,112,125,130,138,144,163,172,176,179,195,198,212,216,219,297,299,309,312,332,338,346,353,431,433,450,456,461,533,535,563,583,586,593,597,606,611,681,683,700,703,756,758,766,781,785,790,796,799,850,852,860,863,908,910,920,927,936,952,959,962,994,996,1022,1027,1030,1061,1063,1082,1086,1167,1169,1185,1193,1197,1204,1209,1216,1219,1223,1231,1240,1248,1252,1293],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-set-clear-method","Python Set ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"clear()"," Method",[20,21,22,25],"p",{},[15,23,24],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,27,28,29,33],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[30,31,32],"strong",{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[35,36,41],"pre",{"className":37,"code":38,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n","python","",[15,42,43,78,94],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45,48,52,56,60,64,67,70,72,75],"span",{"class":46,"line":47},"line",1,[44,49,51],{"class":50},"su5hD","numbers ",[44,53,55],{"class":54},"smGrS","=",[44,57,59],{"class":58},"sP7_E"," {",[44,61,63],{"class":62},"srdBf","1",[44,65,66],{"class":58},",",[44,68,69],{"class":62}," 2",[44,71,66],{"class":58},[44,73,74],{"class":62}," 3",[44,76,77],{"class":58},"}\n",[44,79,81,84,87,91],{"class":46,"line":80},2,[44,82,83],{"class":50},"numbers",[44,85,86],{"class":58},".",[44,88,90],{"class":89},"slqww","clear",[44,92,93],{"class":58},"()\n",[44,95,97,101,104,106],{"class":46,"line":96},3,[44,98,100],{"class":99},"sptTA","print",[44,102,103],{"class":58},"(",[44,105,83],{"class":89},[44,107,108],{"class":58},")\n",[20,110,111],{},"Output:",[35,113,115],{"className":37,"code":114,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\n",[15,116,117],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118,119,123],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120,122],{"class":121},"sZMiF","set",[44,124,93],{"class":58},[20,126,127,129],{},[15,128,17],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[131,132,134,135,137],"h2",{"id":133},"what-setclear-does","What ",[15,136,24],{}," does",[20,139,140,141,143],{},"The ",[15,142,17],{}," method:",[145,146,147,151,154,160],"ul",{},[148,149,150],"li",{},"Removes every item from a set",[148,152,153],{},"Changes the original set in place",[148,155,156,157],{},"Returns ",[15,158,159],{},"None",[148,161,162],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,164,165,166,171],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[167,168,170],"a",{"href":169},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F","Python sets explained"," first.",[131,173,175],{"id":174},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,177,178],{},"Syntax:",[35,180,182],{"className":37,"code":181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,183,184],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,185,186,189,191,193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,187,188],{"class":50},"my_set",[44,190,86],{"class":58},[44,192,90],{"class":89},[44,194,93],{"class":58},[20,196,197],{},"Key points:",[145,199,200,203,206,209],{},[148,201,202],{},"It takes no arguments",[148,204,205],{},"It empties the set",[148,207,208],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[148,210,211],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[131,213,215],{"id":214},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,217,218],{},"Here is a basic example:",[35,220,222],{"className":37,"code":221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,223,224,264,270,281,286],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,225,226,229,231,233,237,241,243,245,248,251,253,255,257,260,262],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,227,228],{"class":50},"colors ",[44,230,55],{"class":54},[44,232,59],{"class":58},[44,234,236],{"class":235},"sjJ54","\"",[44,238,240],{"class":239},"s_sjI","red",[44,242,236],{"class":235},[44,244,66],{"class":58},[44,246,247],{"class":235}," \"",[44,249,250],{"class":239},"green",[44,252,236],{"class":235},[44,254,66],{"class":58},[44,256,247],{"class":235},[44,258,259],{"class":239},"blue",[44,261,236],{"class":235},[44,263,77],{"class":58},[44,265,266],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,267,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},true,"\n",[44,271,272,275,277,279],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,273,274],{"class":50},"colors",[44,276,86],{"class":58},[44,278,90],{"class":89},[44,280,93],{"class":58},[44,282,284],{"class":46,"line":283},4,[44,285,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,287,289,291,293,295],{"class":46,"line":288},5,[44,290,100],{"class":99},[44,292,103],{"class":58},[44,294,274],{"class":89},[44,296,108],{"class":58},[20,298,111],{},[35,300,301],{"className":37,"code":114,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,302,303],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,304,305,307],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,306,122],{"class":121},[44,308,93],{"class":58},[20,310,311],{},"What happens here:",[145,313,314,319,325],{},[148,315,316,318],{},[15,317,274],{}," starts with three values",[148,320,321,324],{},[15,322,323],{},"colors.clear()"," removes them all",[148,326,327,328,331],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,329,330],{},"set()",", which means an empty set",[131,333,335,337],{"id":334},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,336,17],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,339,340,342,343,345],{},[15,341,17],{}," and ",[15,344,330],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[347,348,350,351],"h3",{"id":349},"using-clear","Using ",[15,352,17],{},[35,354,356],{"className":37,"code":355,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,357,358,379,389,393,404,408,419],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,359,360,363,365,367,369,371,373,375,377],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,361,362],{"class":50},"items ",[44,364,55],{"class":54},[44,366,59],{"class":58},[44,368,63],{"class":62},[44,370,66],{"class":58},[44,372,69],{"class":62},[44,374,66],{"class":58},[44,376,74],{"class":62},[44,378,77],{"class":58},[44,380,381,384,386],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,382,383],{"class":50},"other_name ",[44,385,55],{"class":54},[44,387,388],{"class":50}," items\n",[44,390,391],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,392,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,394,395,398,400,402],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,396,397],{"class":50},"items",[44,399,86],{"class":58},[44,401,90],{"class":89},[44,403,93],{"class":58},[44,405,406],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,407,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,409,411,413,415,417],{"class":46,"line":410},6,[44,412,100],{"class":99},[44,414,103],{"class":58},[44,416,397],{"class":89},[44,418,108],{"class":58},[44,420,422,424,426,429],{"class":46,"line":421},7,[44,423,100],{"class":99},[44,425,103],{"class":58},[44,427,428],{"class":89},"other_name",[44,430,108],{"class":58},[20,432,111],{},[35,434,436],{"className":37,"code":435,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\nset()\n",[15,437,438,444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,439,440,442],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,441,122],{"class":121},[44,443,93],{"class":58},[44,445,446,448],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,447,122],{"class":121},[44,449,93],{"class":58},[20,451,452,453,86],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[30,454,455],{},"same set object",[347,457,350,459],{"id":458},"using-set",[15,460,330],{},[35,462,464],{"className":37,"code":463,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,465,466,486,494,498,509,513,523],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,467,468,470,472,474,476,478,480,482,484],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,469,362],{"class":50},[44,471,55],{"class":54},[44,473,59],{"class":58},[44,475,63],{"class":62},[44,477,66],{"class":58},[44,479,69],{"class":62},[44,481,66],{"class":58},[44,483,74],{"class":62},[44,485,77],{"class":58},[44,487,488,490,492],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,489,383],{"class":50},[44,491,55],{"class":54},[44,493,388],{"class":50},[44,495,496],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,497,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,499,500,502,504,507],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,501,362],{"class":50},[44,503,55],{"class":54},[44,505,506],{"class":121}," set",[44,508,93],{"class":58},[44,510,511],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,512,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,514,515,517,519,521],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,516,100],{"class":99},[44,518,103],{"class":58},[44,520,397],{"class":89},[44,522,108],{"class":58},[44,524,525,527,529,531],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,526,100],{"class":99},[44,528,103],{"class":58},[44,530,428],{"class":89},[44,532,108],{"class":58},[20,534,111],{},[35,536,538],{"className":37,"code":537,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,539,540,546],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,541,542,544],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,543,122],{"class":121},[44,545,93],{"class":58},[44,547,548,551,553,555,557,559,561],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,549,550],{"class":58},"{",[44,552,63],{"class":62},[44,554,66],{"class":58},[44,556,69],{"class":62},[44,558,66],{"class":58},[44,560,74],{"class":62},[44,562,77],{"class":58},[20,564,565,566,569,570,573,574,86,576,579,580,582],{},"Here, ",[15,567,568],{},"items = set()"," creates a ",[30,571,572],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,575,397],{},[577,578],"br",{},"\nBut ",[15,581,428],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,584,585],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,587,588,589,86],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[167,590,592],{"href":591},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F","how to create a set in Python",[131,594,596],{"id":595},"return-value","Return value",[20,598,599,601,602,605],{},[15,600,17],{}," does ",[30,603,604],{},"not"," return the emptied set.",[20,607,608,609,86],{},"It returns ",[15,610,159],{},[35,612,614],{"className":37,"code":613,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,615,616,636,640,656,660,671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,617,618,620,622,624,626,628,630,632,634],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,619,51],{"class":50},[44,621,55],{"class":54},[44,623,59],{"class":58},[44,625,63],{"class":62},[44,627,66],{"class":58},[44,629,69],{"class":62},[44,631,66],{"class":58},[44,633,74],{"class":62},[44,635,77],{"class":58},[44,637,638],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,639,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,641,642,645,647,650,652,654],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,643,644],{"class":50},"result ",[44,646,55],{"class":54},[44,648,649],{"class":50}," numbers",[44,651,86],{"class":58},[44,653,90],{"class":89},[44,655,93],{"class":58},[44,657,658],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,659,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,661,662,664,666,669],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,663,100],{"class":99},[44,665,103],{"class":58},[44,667,668],{"class":89},"result",[44,670,108],{"class":58},[44,672,673,675,677,679],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,674,100],{"class":99},[44,676,103],{"class":58},[44,678,83],{"class":89},[44,680,108],{"class":58},[20,682,111],{},[35,684,686],{"className":37,"code":685,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\nset()\n",[15,687,688,694],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,689,690],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,691,693],{"class":692},"s39Yj","None\n",[44,695,696,698],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,697,122],{"class":121},[44,699,93],{"class":58},[20,701,702],{},"Do not do this:",[35,704,706],{"className":37,"code":705,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,707,708,728,742,746],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,709,710,712,714,716,718,720,722,724,726],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,711,51],{"class":50},[44,713,55],{"class":54},[44,715,59],{"class":58},[44,717,63],{"class":62},[44,719,66],{"class":58},[44,721,69],{"class":62},[44,723,66],{"class":58},[44,725,74],{"class":62},[44,727,77],{"class":58},[44,729,730,732,734,736,738,740],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,731,51],{"class":50},[44,733,55],{"class":54},[44,735,649],{"class":50},[44,737,86],{"class":58},[44,739,90],{"class":89},[44,741,93],{"class":58},[44,743,744],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,745,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,747,748,750,752,754],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,749,100],{"class":99},[44,751,103],{"class":58},[44,753,83],{"class":89},[44,755,108],{"class":58},[20,757,111],{},[35,759,760],{"className":37,"code":693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,761,762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,763,764],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,765,693],{"class":692},[20,767,768,769,772,773,775,776,778,779,86],{},"This happens because ",[15,770,771],{},"numbers.clear()"," returns ",[15,774,159],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,777,159],{}," back to ",[15,780,83],{},[131,782,784],{"id":783},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[20,786,787,788,86],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,789,24],{},[347,791,793,794],{"id":792},"assigning-the-result-of-clear","Assigning the result of ",[15,795,17],{},[20,797,798],{},"Wrong:",[35,800,802],{"className":37,"code":801,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,803,804,825,840],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,805,806,809,811,813,815,817,819,821,823],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,807,808],{"class":50},"my_set ",[44,810,55],{"class":54},[44,812,59],{"class":58},[44,814,63],{"class":62},[44,816,66],{"class":58},[44,818,69],{"class":62},[44,820,66],{"class":58},[44,822,74],{"class":62},[44,824,77],{"class":58},[44,826,827,829,831,834,836,838],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,828,808],{"class":50},[44,830,55],{"class":54},[44,832,833],{"class":50}," my_set",[44,835,86],{"class":58},[44,837,90],{"class":89},[44,839,93],{"class":58},[44,841,842,844,846,848],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,843,100],{"class":99},[44,845,103],{"class":58},[44,847,188],{"class":89},[44,849,108],{"class":58},[20,851,111],{},[35,853,854],{"className":37,"code":693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,855,856],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,857,858],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,859,693],{"class":692},[20,861,862],{},"Correct:",[35,864,866],{"className":37,"code":865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,867,868,888,898],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,869,870,872,874,876,878,880,882,884,886],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,871,808],{"class":50},[44,873,55],{"class":54},[44,875,59],{"class":58},[44,877,63],{"class":62},[44,879,66],{"class":58},[44,881,69],{"class":62},[44,883,66],{"class":58},[44,885,74],{"class":62},[44,887,77],{"class":58},[44,889,890,892,894,896],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,891,188],{"class":50},[44,893,86],{"class":58},[44,895,90],{"class":89},[44,897,93],{"class":58},[44,899,900,902,904,906],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,901,100],{"class":99},[44,903,103],{"class":58},[44,905,188],{"class":89},[44,907,108],{"class":58},[20,909,111],{},[35,911,912],{"className":37,"code":114,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,913,914],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,915,916,918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,917,122],{"class":121},[44,919,93],{"class":58},[347,921,923,924,926],{"id":922},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item","Expecting ",[15,925,17],{}," to remove only one item",[20,928,929,931,932,935],{},[15,930,17],{}," removes ",[30,933,934],{},"all"," items from the set.",[20,937,938,939,945,946,86],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[167,940,942],{"href":941},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,943,944],{},"remove()"," or ",[167,947,949],{"href":948},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,950,951],{},"pop()",[347,953,350,955,958],{"id":954},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,956,957],{},"{}"," for an empty set",[20,960,961],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[35,963,965],{"className":37,"code":964,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,966,967,977],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,968,969,972,974],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,970,971],{"class":50},"empty_value ",[44,973,55],{"class":54},[44,975,976],{"class":58}," {}\n",[44,978,979,981,983,986,988,991],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,980,100],{"class":99},[44,982,103],{"class":58},[44,984,985],{"class":121},"type",[44,987,103],{"class":58},[44,989,990],{"class":89},"empty_value",[44,992,993],{"class":58},"))\n",[20,995,111],{},[35,997,999],{"className":37,"code":998,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,1000,1001],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1002,1003,1006,1010,1013,1016,1019],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1004,1005],{"class":54},"\u003C",[44,1007,1009],{"class":1008},"sbsja","class",[44,1011,1012],{"class":235}," '",[44,1014,1015],{"class":239},"dict",[44,1017,1018],{"class":235},"'",[44,1020,1021],{"class":54},">\n",[20,1023,1024,1026],{},[15,1025,957],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[20,1028,1029],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[35,1031,1033],{"className":37,"code":1032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,1034,1035,1046],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1036,1037,1040,1042,1044],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1038,1039],{"class":50},"empty_set ",[44,1041,55],{"class":54},[44,1043,506],{"class":121},[44,1045,93],{"class":58},[44,1047,1048,1050,1052,1054,1056,1059],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,1049,100],{"class":99},[44,1051,103],{"class":58},[44,1053,985],{"class":121},[44,1055,103],{"class":58},[44,1057,1058],{"class":89},"empty_set",[44,1060,993],{"class":58},[20,1062,111],{},[35,1064,1066],{"className":37,"code":1065,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,1067,1068],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1069,1070,1072,1074,1076,1078,1080],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1071,1005],{"class":54},[44,1073,1009],{"class":1008},[44,1075,1012],{"class":235},[44,1077,122],{"class":239},[44,1079,1018],{"class":235},[44,1081,1021],{"class":54},[347,1083,1085],{"id":1084},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[35,1087,1089],{"className":37,"code":1088,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,1090,1091,1118,1128,1132,1142,1146,1156],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1092,1093,1096,1098,1100,1102,1105,1107,1109,1111,1114,1116],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1094,1095],{"class":50},"a ",[44,1097,55],{"class":54},[44,1099,59],{"class":58},[44,1101,236],{"class":235},[44,1103,1104],{"class":239},"x",[44,1106,236],{"class":235},[44,1108,66],{"class":58},[44,1110,247],{"class":235},[44,1112,1113],{"class":239},"y",[44,1115,236],{"class":235},[44,1117,77],{"class":58},[44,1119,1120,1123,1125],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,1121,1122],{"class":50},"b ",[44,1124,55],{"class":54},[44,1126,1127],{"class":50}," a\n",[44,1129,1130],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,1131,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,1133,1134,1136,1138,1140],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,1135,167],{"class":50},[44,1137,86],{"class":58},[44,1139,90],{"class":89},[44,1141,93],{"class":58},[44,1143,1144],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,1145,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,1147,1148,1150,1152,1154],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,1149,100],{"class":99},[44,1151,103],{"class":58},[44,1153,167],{"class":89},[44,1155,108],{"class":58},[44,1157,1158,1160,1162,1165],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,1159,100],{"class":99},[44,1161,103],{"class":58},[44,1163,1164],{"class":89},"b",[44,1166,108],{"class":58},[20,1168,111],{},[35,1170,1171],{"className":37,"code":435,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,1172,1173,1179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1174,1175,1177],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1176,122],{"class":121},[44,1178,93],{"class":58},[44,1180,1181,1183],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,1182,122],{"class":121},[44,1184,93],{"class":58},[20,1186,1187,1188,342,1190,1192],{},"Because ",[15,1189,167],{},[15,1191,1164],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[131,1194,1196],{"id":1195},"faq","FAQ",[347,1198,1200,1201,1203],{"id":1199},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python","What does ",[15,1202,24],{}," return in Python?",[20,1205,608,1206,1208],{},[15,1207,159],{},". It empties the set in place.",[347,1210,1212,1213,1215],{"id":1211},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable","Does ",[15,1214,17],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,1217,1218],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[347,1220,1222],{"id":1221},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,1224,1225,1226,1228,1229,86],{},"You already have one after ",[15,1227,17],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,1230,330],{},[347,1232,1234,1235,342,1237,1239],{"id":1233},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set","What is the difference between ",[15,1236,17],{},[15,1238,330],{},"?",[20,1241,1242,1244,1245,1247],{},[15,1243,17],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,1246,330],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[131,1249,1251],{"id":1250},"see-also","See also",[145,1253,1254,1258,1263,1273,1279,1285],{},[148,1255,1256],{},[167,1257,170],{"href":169},[148,1259,1260],{},[167,1261,1262],{"href":591},"How to create a set in Python",[148,1264,1265],{},[167,1266,1268,1269,1272],{"href":1267},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F","Python set ",[15,1270,1271],{},"add()"," method",[148,1274,1275],{},[167,1276,1268,1277,1272],{"href":941},[15,1278,944],{},[148,1280,1281],{},[167,1282,1268,1283,1272],{"href":948},[15,1284,951],{},[148,1286,1287],{},[167,1288,1268,1290,1272],{"href":1289},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,1291,1292],{},"update()",[1294,1295,1296],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":1298},[1299,1301,1302,1303,1310,1311,1320,1329],{"id":133,"depth":80,"text":1300},"What set.clear() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":214,"depth":80,"text":215},{"id":334,"depth":80,"text":1304,"children":1305},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[1306,1308],{"id":349,"depth":96,"text":1307},"Using clear()",{"id":458,"depth":96,"text":1309},"Using set()",{"id":595,"depth":80,"text":596},{"id":783,"depth":80,"text":784,"children":1312},[1313,1315,1317,1319],{"id":792,"depth":96,"text":1314},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":922,"depth":96,"text":1316},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":954,"depth":96,"text":1318},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":1084,"depth":96,"text":1085},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":1321},[1322,1324,1326,1327],{"id":1199,"depth":96,"text":1323},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":1211,"depth":96,"text":1325},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":1221,"depth":96,"text":1222},{"id":1233,"depth":96,"text":1328},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":5,"description":1330},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",[1338,2937,4645,6344,8480,10678,12184,14356,16558,19014,20852,23417,25515,27797,29744,31655,33652,35092,36920,39445,41607,42836,44207,45855,48176,50020,52002,53696,54946,56640,58391,60363,62113,64213,65573,67524,69087,71077,72872,74772,77214,79292,81932,83961,85924,88112,90116,92429,94110,95555,96740,97812,99652,102092,103796,105811,107335,108580,109743,111125,113196,115093,116867,118733,120852,122592,124054,125648,127571,129248,131183,132672,135456,137033,138592,140620,142572,144035,145224,147110,148521,150217,151771,153193,154596,156494,158888,160719],{"id":1339,"title":1340,"body":1341,"description":2931,"extension":1331,"meta":2932,"navigation":268,"path":2933,"seo":2934,"stem":2935,"__hash__":2936},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1342,"toc":2903},[1343,1346,1352,1355,1366,1369,1373,1438,1440,1460,1466,1470,1475,1478,1494,1497,1523,1526,1528,1531,1546,1549,1576,1579,1637,1639,1654,1664,1675,1679,1682,1736,1738,1758,1761,1784,1791,1795,1800,1806,1808,1846,1848,1857,1863,1881,1884,1896,1900,1905,1909,1912,1932,1934,1991,1993,2001,2004,2008,2040,2042,2050,2053,2057,2062,2110,2112,2120,2124,2184,2186,2194,2197,2201,2205,2208,2231,2240,2256,2307,2309,2324,2335,2339,2342,2371,2378,2382,2387,2428,2430,2441,2444,2487,2489,2497,2501,2506,2528,2530,2539,2548,2552,2557,2579,2581,2651,2653,2700,2703,2706,2709,2789,2791,2822,2824,2828,2831,2835,2838,2842,2845,2849,2861,2865,2868,2870,2900],[10,1344,1340],{"id":1345},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,1347,140,1348,1351],{},[15,1349,1350],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1353,1354],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[145,1356,1357,1360,1363],{},[148,1358,1359],{},"a number without its negative sign",[148,1361,1362],{},"the distance between two numbers",[148,1364,1365],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,1367,1368],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[131,1370,1372],{"id":1371},"quick-example","Quick example",[35,1374,1376],{"className":37,"code":1375,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,1377,1378,1397,1412],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1379,1380,1382,1384,1387,1389,1392,1395],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1381,100],{"class":99},[44,1383,103],{"class":58},[44,1385,1386],{"class":99},"abs",[44,1388,103],{"class":58},[44,1390,1391],{"class":54},"-",[44,1393,1394],{"class":62},"7",[44,1396,993],{"class":58},[44,1398,1399,1401,1403,1405,1407,1410],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,1400,100],{"class":99},[44,1402,103],{"class":58},[44,1404,1386],{"class":99},[44,1406,103],{"class":58},[44,1408,1409],{"class":62},"3.5",[44,1411,993],{"class":58},[44,1413,1414,1416,1418,1420,1422,1424,1427,1430,1433,1436],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,1415,100],{"class":99},[44,1417,103],{"class":58},[44,1419,1386],{"class":99},[44,1421,103],{"class":58},[44,1423,1391],{"class":54},[44,1425,1426],{"class":62},"2",[44,1428,1429],{"class":54},"+",[44,1431,1432],{"class":62},"3",[44,1434,1435],{"class":1008},"j",[44,1437,993],{"class":58},[20,1439,111],{},[35,1441,1443],{"className":37,"code":1442,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,1444,1445,1450,1455],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1446,1447],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1448,1449],{"class":62},"7\n",[44,1451,1452],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,1453,1454],{"class":62},"3.5\n",[44,1456,1457],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,1458,1459],{"class":62},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,1461,1462,1463,1465],{},"Use ",[15,1464,1350],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[131,1467,1469],{"id":1468},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,1471,1472,1474],{},[15,1473,1350],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1476,1477],{},"That means:",[145,1479,1480,1483,1486],{},[148,1481,1482],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[148,1484,1485],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[148,1487,1488,1491,1492],{},[15,1489,1490],{},"0"," stays ",[15,1493,1490],{},[20,1495,1496],{},"Examples:",[145,1498,1499,1508,1516],{},[148,1500,1501,1504,1505],{},[15,1502,1503],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,1506,1507],{},"5",[148,1509,1510,1504,1513],{},[15,1511,1512],{},"abs(9)",[15,1514,1515],{},"9",[148,1517,1518,1504,1521],{},[15,1519,1520],{},"abs(0)",[15,1522,1490],{},[20,1524,1525],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[131,1527,175],{"id":174},[20,1529,1530],{},"The syntax is:",[35,1532,1534],{"className":37,"code":1533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"abs(x)\n",[15,1535,1536],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1537,1538,1540,1542,1544],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1539,1386],{"class":99},[44,1541,103],{"class":58},[44,1543,1104],{"class":89},[44,1545,108],{"class":58},[20,1547,1548],{},"Here:",[145,1550,1551,1568,1573],{},[148,1552,1553,1555,1556,1559,1560,1563,1564,1567],{},[15,1554,1104],{}," is usually an ",[15,1557,1558],{},"int",", ",[15,1561,1562],{},"float",", or ",[15,1565,1566],{},"complex"," number",[148,1569,1570,1572],{},[15,1571,1350],{}," returns a new value",[148,1574,1575],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,1577,1578],{},"Example:",[35,1580,1582],{"className":37,"code":1581,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,1583,1584,1597,1613,1617,1627],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1585,1586,1589,1591,1594],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1587,1588],{"class":50},"number ",[44,1590,55],{"class":54},[44,1592,1593],{"class":54}," -",[44,1595,1596],{"class":62},"12\n",[44,1598,1599,1601,1603,1606,1608,1611],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,1600,644],{"class":50},[44,1602,55],{"class":54},[44,1604,1605],{"class":99}," abs",[44,1607,103],{"class":58},[44,1609,1610],{"class":89},"number",[44,1612,108],{"class":58},[44,1614,1615],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,1616,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,1618,1619,1621,1623,1625],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,1620,100],{"class":99},[44,1622,103],{"class":58},[44,1624,1610],{"class":89},[44,1626,108],{"class":58},[44,1628,1629,1631,1633,1635],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,1630,100],{"class":99},[44,1632,103],{"class":58},[44,1634,668],{"class":89},[44,1636,108],{"class":58},[20,1638,111],{},[35,1640,1642],{"className":37,"code":1641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-12\n12\n",[15,1643,1644,1650],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1645,1646,1648],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1647,1391],{"class":54},[44,1649,1596],{"class":62},[44,1651,1652],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,1653,1596],{"class":62},[20,1655,1656,1657,1659,1660,1663],{},"Notice that ",[15,1658,1610],{}," is still ",[15,1661,1662],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,1665,1666,1667,1674],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[167,1668,1670,1673],{"href":1669},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,1671,1672],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[131,1676,1678],{"id":1677},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,1680,1681],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[35,1683,1685],{"className":37,"code":1684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,1686,1687,1704,1719],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1688,1689,1691,1693,1695,1697,1699,1702],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1690,100],{"class":99},[44,1692,103],{"class":58},[44,1694,1386],{"class":99},[44,1696,103],{"class":58},[44,1698,1391],{"class":54},[44,1700,1701],{"class":62},"10",[44,1703,993],{"class":58},[44,1705,1706,1708,1710,1712,1714,1717],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,1707,100],{"class":99},[44,1709,103],{"class":58},[44,1711,1386],{"class":99},[44,1713,103],{"class":58},[44,1715,1716],{"class":62},"8",[44,1718,993],{"class":58},[44,1720,1721,1723,1725,1727,1729,1731,1734],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,1722,100],{"class":99},[44,1724,103],{"class":58},[44,1726,1386],{"class":99},[44,1728,103],{"class":58},[44,1730,1391],{"class":54},[44,1732,1733],{"class":62},"4.2",[44,1735,993],{"class":58},[20,1737,111],{},[35,1739,1741],{"className":37,"code":1740,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,1742,1743,1748,1753],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1744,1745],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1746,1747],{"class":62},"10\n",[44,1749,1750],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,1751,1752],{"class":62},"8\n",[44,1754,1755],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,1756,1757],{"class":62},"4.2\n",[20,1759,1760],{},"What each line does:",[145,1762,1763,1770,1777],{},[148,1764,1765,772,1768],{},[15,1766,1767],{},"abs(-10)",[15,1769,1701],{},[148,1771,1772,772,1775],{},[15,1773,1774],{},"abs(8)",[15,1776,1716],{},[148,1778,1779,772,1782],{},[15,1780,1781],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,1783,1733],{},[20,1785,1786,1787,86],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[167,1788,1790],{"href":1789},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[131,1792,1794],{"id":1793},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,1796,1797,1799],{},[15,1798,1350],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,1801,1802,1803,1805],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,1804,1490],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,1807,1578],{},[35,1809,1811],{"className":37,"code":1810,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,1812,1813,1831],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1814,1815,1818,1820,1822,1825,1828],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1816,1817],{"class":50},"value ",[44,1819,55],{"class":54},[44,1821,74],{"class":62},[44,1823,1824],{"class":54}," +",[44,1826,1827],{"class":62}," 4",[44,1829,1830],{"class":1008},"j\n",[44,1832,1833,1835,1837,1839,1841,1844],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,1834,100],{"class":99},[44,1836,103],{"class":58},[44,1838,1386],{"class":99},[44,1840,103],{"class":58},[44,1842,1843],{"class":89},"value",[44,1845,993],{"class":58},[20,1847,111],{},[35,1849,1851],{"className":37,"code":1850,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.0\n",[15,1852,1853],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1854,1855],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1856,1850],{"class":62},[20,1858,1859,1860,1239],{},"Why ",[15,1861,1862],{},"5.0",[145,1864,1865,1870,1876],{},[148,1866,1867,1868],{},"the real part is ",[15,1869,1432],{},[148,1871,1872,1873],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,1874,1875],{},"4",[148,1877,1878,1879],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,1880,1862],{},[20,1882,1883],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[145,1885,1886,1893],{},[148,1887,1888,1890,1891],{},[15,1889,1350],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,1892,1562],{},[148,1894,1895],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[131,1897,1899],{"id":1898},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,1901,1902,1903,86],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,1904,1350],{},[347,1906,1908],{"id":1907},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,1910,1911],{},"A very common pattern is:",[35,1913,1915],{"className":37,"code":1914,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,1916,1917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1918,1919,1921,1923,1925,1927,1930],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1920,1386],{"class":99},[44,1922,103],{"class":58},[44,1924,1095],{"class":89},[44,1926,1391],{"class":54},[44,1928,1929],{"class":89}," b",[44,1931,108],{"class":58},[20,1933,1578],{},[35,1935,1937],{"className":37,"code":1936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,1938,1939,1948,1957,1961,1980],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1940,1941,1943,1945],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1942,1095],{"class":50},[44,1944,55],{"class":54},[44,1946,1947],{"class":62}," 3\n",[44,1949,1950,1952,1954],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,1951,1122],{"class":50},[44,1953,55],{"class":54},[44,1955,1956],{"class":62}," 10\n",[44,1958,1959],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,1960,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,1962,1963,1966,1968,1970,1972,1974,1976,1978],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,1964,1965],{"class":50},"distance ",[44,1967,55],{"class":54},[44,1969,1605],{"class":99},[44,1971,103],{"class":58},[44,1973,1095],{"class":89},[44,1975,1391],{"class":54},[44,1977,1929],{"class":89},[44,1979,108],{"class":58},[44,1981,1982,1984,1986,1989],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,1983,100],{"class":99},[44,1985,103],{"class":58},[44,1987,1988],{"class":89},"distance",[44,1990,108],{"class":58},[20,1992,111],{},[35,1994,1995],{"className":37,"code":1449,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,1996,1997],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1998,1999],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2000,1449],{"class":62},[20,2002,2003],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[347,2005,2007],{"id":2006},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[35,2009,2011],{"className":37,"code":2010,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2012,2013,2025],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2014,2015,2018,2020,2022],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2016,2017],{"class":50},"temperature_change ",[44,2019,55],{"class":54},[44,2021,1593],{"class":54},[44,2023,2024],{"class":62},"6\n",[44,2026,2027,2029,2031,2033,2035,2038],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,2028,100],{"class":99},[44,2030,103],{"class":58},[44,2032,1386],{"class":99},[44,2034,103],{"class":58},[44,2036,2037],{"class":89},"temperature_change",[44,2039,993],{"class":58},[20,2041,111],{},[35,2043,2044],{"className":37,"code":2024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2045,2046],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2047,2048],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2049,2024],{"class":62},[20,2051,2052],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[347,2054,2056],{"id":2055},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2058,2059,2060,1674],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2061,1350],{},[35,2063,2065],{"className":37,"code":2064,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2066,2067,2079,2095,2099],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2068,2069,2072,2074,2076],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2070,2071],{"class":50},"balance_change ",[44,2073,55],{"class":54},[44,2075,1593],{"class":54},[44,2077,2078],{"class":62},"25\n",[44,2080,2081,2084,2086,2088,2090,2093],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,2082,2083],{"class":50},"safe_value ",[44,2085,55],{"class":54},[44,2087,1605],{"class":99},[44,2089,103],{"class":58},[44,2091,2092],{"class":89},"balance_change",[44,2094,108],{"class":58},[44,2096,2097],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,2098,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,2100,2101,2103,2105,2108],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,2102,100],{"class":99},[44,2104,103],{"class":58},[44,2106,2107],{"class":89},"safe_value",[44,2109,108],{"class":58},[20,2111,111],{},[35,2113,2114],{"className":37,"code":2078,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2115,2116],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2117,2118],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2119,2078],{"class":62},[347,2121,2123],{"id":2122},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[35,2125,2127],{"className":37,"code":2126,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2128,2129,2139,2149,2153,2173],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2130,2131,2134,2136],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2132,2133],{"class":50},"guess ",[44,2135,55],{"class":54},[44,2137,2138],{"class":62}," 42\n",[44,2140,2141,2144,2146],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,2142,2143],{"class":50},"target ",[44,2145,55],{"class":54},[44,2147,2148],{"class":62}," 50\n",[44,2150,2151],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,2152,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,2154,2155,2158,2160,2162,2164,2166,2168,2171],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,2156,2157],{"class":50},"difference ",[44,2159,55],{"class":54},[44,2161,1605],{"class":99},[44,2163,103],{"class":58},[44,2165,2133],{"class":89},[44,2167,1391],{"class":54},[44,2169,2170],{"class":89}," target",[44,2172,108],{"class":58},[44,2174,2175,2177,2179,2182],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,2176,100],{"class":99},[44,2178,103],{"class":58},[44,2180,2181],{"class":89},"difference",[44,2183,108],{"class":58},[20,2185,111],{},[35,2187,2188],{"className":37,"code":1752,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2189,2190],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2191,2192],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2193,1752],{"class":62},[20,2195,2196],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[131,2198,2200],{"id":2199},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[347,2202,2204],{"id":2203},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2206,2207],{},"This causes an error:",[35,2209,2211],{"className":37,"code":2210,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2212,2213],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2214,2215,2217,2219,2221,2223,2225,2227,2229],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2216,100],{"class":99},[44,2218,103],{"class":58},[44,2220,1386],{"class":99},[44,2222,103],{"class":58},[44,2224,236],{"class":235},[44,2226,1507],{"class":239},[44,2228,236],{"class":235},[44,2230,993],{"class":58},[20,2232,2233,2236,2237,2239],{},[15,2234,2235],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2238,1350],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2241,2242,2243,945,2249,2255],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[167,2244,2246],{"href":2245},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2247,2248],{},"int()",[167,2250,2252],{"href":2251},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2253,2254],{},"float()",":",[35,2257,2259],{"className":37,"code":2258,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2260,2261,2284],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2262,2263,2265,2267,2269,2271,2273,2275,2277,2279,2281],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2264,100],{"class":99},[44,2266,103],{"class":58},[44,2268,1386],{"class":99},[44,2270,103],{"class":58},[44,2272,1558],{"class":121},[44,2274,103],{"class":58},[44,2276,236],{"class":235},[44,2278,1507],{"class":239},[44,2280,236],{"class":235},[44,2282,2283],{"class":58},")))\n",[44,2285,2286,2288,2290,2292,2294,2296,2298,2300,2303,2305],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,2287,100],{"class":99},[44,2289,103],{"class":58},[44,2291,1386],{"class":99},[44,2293,103],{"class":58},[44,2295,1562],{"class":121},[44,2297,103],{"class":58},[44,2299,236],{"class":235},[44,2301,2302],{"class":239},"-3.2",[44,2304,236],{"class":235},[44,2306,2283],{"class":58},[20,2308,111],{},[35,2310,2312],{"className":37,"code":2311,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2313,2314,2319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2315,2316],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2317,2318],{"class":62},"5\n",[44,2320,2321],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,2322,2323],{"class":62},"3.2\n",[20,2325,2326,2327,2330,2331,86],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2328,2329],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[167,2332,2334],{"href":2333},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[347,2336,2338],{"id":2337},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,2340,2341],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[35,2343,2345],{"className":37,"code":2344,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2346,2347],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2348,2349,2351,2353,2355,2358,2360,2362,2364,2366,2368],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2350,100],{"class":99},[44,2352,103],{"class":58},[44,2354,1386],{"class":99},[44,2356,2357],{"class":58},"([",[44,2359,63],{"class":62},[44,2361,66],{"class":58},[44,2363,69],{"class":62},[44,2365,66],{"class":58},[44,2367,74],{"class":62},[44,2369,2370],{"class":58},"]))\n",[20,2372,2373,2374,2377],{},"This raises a ",[15,2375,2376],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[347,2379,2381],{"id":2380},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,2383,2384,2386],{},[15,2385,1350],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[35,2388,2390],{"className":37,"code":2389,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2391,2392,2404,2414,2418],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2393,2394,2397,2399,2401],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2395,2396],{"class":50},"x ",[44,2398,55],{"class":54},[44,2400,1593],{"class":54},[44,2402,2403],{"class":62},"9\n",[44,2405,2406,2408,2410,2412],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,2407,1386],{"class":99},[44,2409,103],{"class":58},[44,2411,1104],{"class":89},[44,2413,108],{"class":58},[44,2415,2416],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,2417,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,2419,2420,2422,2424,2426],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,2421,100],{"class":99},[44,2423,103],{"class":58},[44,2425,1104],{"class":89},[44,2427,108],{"class":58},[20,2429,111],{},[35,2431,2433],{"className":37,"code":2432,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-9\n",[15,2434,2435],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2436,2437,2439],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2438,1391],{"class":54},[44,2440,2403],{"class":62},[20,2442,2443],{},"If you want to store the result:",[35,2445,2447],{"className":37,"code":2446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2448,2449,2459,2473,2477],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2450,2451,2453,2455,2457],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2452,2396],{"class":50},[44,2454,55],{"class":54},[44,2456,1593],{"class":54},[44,2458,2403],{"class":62},[44,2460,2461,2463,2465,2467,2469,2471],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,2462,2396],{"class":50},[44,2464,55],{"class":54},[44,2466,1605],{"class":99},[44,2468,103],{"class":58},[44,2470,1104],{"class":89},[44,2472,108],{"class":58},[44,2474,2475],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,2476,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,2478,2479,2481,2483,2485],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,2480,100],{"class":99},[44,2482,103],{"class":58},[44,2484,1104],{"class":89},[44,2486,108],{"class":58},[20,2488,111],{},[35,2490,2491],{"className":37,"code":2403,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2492,2493],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2494,2495],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2496,2403],{"class":62},[347,2498,2500],{"id":2499},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,2502,2503,2505],{},[15,2504,1350],{}," does not round numbers.",[35,2507,2509],{"className":37,"code":2508,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,2510,2511],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2512,2513,2515,2517,2519,2521,2523,2526],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2514,100],{"class":99},[44,2516,103],{"class":58},[44,2518,1386],{"class":99},[44,2520,103],{"class":58},[44,2522,1391],{"class":54},[44,2524,2525],{"class":62},"4.7",[44,2527,993],{"class":58},[20,2529,111],{},[35,2531,2533],{"className":37,"code":2532,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4.7\n",[15,2534,2535],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2536,2537],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2538,2532],{"class":62},[20,2540,2541,2542,2544,2545,2547],{},"If you expected ",[15,2543,1507],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,2546,1350],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[131,2549,2551],{"id":2550},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,2553,2554,2556],{},[15,2555,1350],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[145,2558,2559,2566,2573],{},[148,2560,2561,2563,2564],{},[15,2562,1558],{}," input → returns an ",[15,2565,1558],{},[148,2567,2568,2570,2571],{},[15,2569,1562],{}," input → returns a ",[15,2572,1562],{},[148,2574,2575,2570,2577],{},[15,2576,1566],{},[15,2578,1562],{},[20,2580,1578],{},[35,2582,2584],{"className":37,"code":2583,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,2585,2586,2606,2627],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2587,2588,2590,2592,2594,2596,2598,2600,2602,2604],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2589,100],{"class":99},[44,2591,103],{"class":58},[44,2593,985],{"class":121},[44,2595,103],{"class":58},[44,2597,1386],{"class":99},[44,2599,103],{"class":58},[44,2601,1391],{"class":54},[44,2603,1507],{"class":62},[44,2605,2283],{"class":58},[44,2607,2608,2610,2612,2614,2616,2618,2620,2622,2625],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,2609,100],{"class":99},[44,2611,103],{"class":58},[44,2613,985],{"class":121},[44,2615,103],{"class":58},[44,2617,1386],{"class":99},[44,2619,103],{"class":58},[44,2621,1391],{"class":54},[44,2623,2624],{"class":62},"3.2",[44,2626,2283],{"class":58},[44,2628,2629,2631,2633,2635,2637,2639,2641,2643,2645,2647,2649],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,2630,100],{"class":99},[44,2632,103],{"class":58},[44,2634,985],{"class":121},[44,2636,103],{"class":58},[44,2638,1386],{"class":99},[44,2640,103],{"class":58},[44,2642,1432],{"class":62},[44,2644,1824],{"class":54},[44,2646,1827],{"class":62},[44,2648,1435],{"class":1008},[44,2650,2283],{"class":58},[20,2652,111],{},[35,2654,2656],{"className":37,"code":2655,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,2657,2658,2672,2686],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2659,2660,2662,2664,2666,2668,2670],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2661,1005],{"class":54},[44,2663,1009],{"class":1008},[44,2665,1012],{"class":235},[44,2667,1558],{"class":239},[44,2669,1018],{"class":235},[44,2671,1021],{"class":54},[44,2673,2674,2676,2678,2680,2682,2684],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,2675,1005],{"class":54},[44,2677,1009],{"class":1008},[44,2679,1012],{"class":235},[44,2681,1562],{"class":239},[44,2683,1018],{"class":235},[44,2685,1021],{"class":54},[44,2687,2688,2690,2692,2694,2696,2698],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,2689,1005],{"class":54},[44,2691,1009],{"class":1008},[44,2693,1012],{"class":235},[44,2695,1562],{"class":239},[44,2697,1018],{"class":235},[44,2699,1021],{"class":54},[20,2701,2702],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,2704,2705],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,2707,2708],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[35,2710,2712],{"className":37,"code":2711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,2713,2714,2728,2738,2752,2756,2770],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2715,2716,2718,2720,2722,2725],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2717,1817],{"class":50},[44,2719,55],{"class":54},[44,2721,247],{"class":235},[44,2723,2724],{"class":239},"-5",[44,2726,2727],{"class":235},"\"\n",[44,2729,2730,2732,2734,2736],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,2731,100],{"class":99},[44,2733,103],{"class":58},[44,2735,1843],{"class":89},[44,2737,108],{"class":58},[44,2739,2740,2742,2744,2746,2748,2750],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,2741,100],{"class":99},[44,2743,103],{"class":58},[44,2745,985],{"class":121},[44,2747,103],{"class":58},[44,2749,1843],{"class":89},[44,2751,993],{"class":58},[44,2753,2754],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,2755,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,2757,2758,2761,2763,2765,2768],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,2759,2760],{"class":50},"user_input ",[44,2762,55],{"class":54},[44,2764,247],{"class":235},[44,2766,2767],{"class":239},"-3.7",[44,2769,2727],{"class":235},[44,2771,2772,2774,2776,2778,2780,2782,2784,2787],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,2773,100],{"class":99},[44,2775,103],{"class":58},[44,2777,1386],{"class":99},[44,2779,103],{"class":58},[44,2781,1562],{"class":121},[44,2783,103],{"class":58},[44,2785,2786],{"class":89},"user_input",[44,2788,2283],{"class":58},[20,2790,111],{},[35,2792,2794],{"className":37,"code":2793,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,2795,2796,2802,2817],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2797,2798,2800],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2799,1391],{"class":54},[44,2801,2318],{"class":62},[44,2803,2804,2806,2808,2810,2813,2815],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,2805,1005],{"class":54},[44,2807,1009],{"class":1008},[44,2809,1012],{"class":235},[44,2811,2812],{"class":239},"str",[44,2814,1018],{"class":235},[44,2816,1021],{"class":54},[44,2818,2819],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,2820,2821],{"class":62},"3.7\n",[131,2823,1196],{"id":1195},[347,2825,2827],{"id":2826},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,2829,2830],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[347,2832,2834],{"id":2833},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,2836,2837],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[347,2839,2841],{"id":2840},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,2843,2844],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[347,2846,2848],{"id":2847},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,2850,2851,2853,2854,945,2856,2858,2859,86],{},[15,2852,2329],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,2855,2248],{},[15,2857,2254],{}," before using ",[15,2860,1350],{},[347,2862,2864],{"id":2863},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,2866,2867],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[131,2869,1251],{"id":1250},[145,2871,2872,2879,2885,2891,2896],{},[148,2873,2874],{},[167,2875,2876,2878],{"href":2245},[15,2877,2248],{}," function explained",[148,2880,2881],{},[167,2882,2883,2878],{"href":2251},[15,2884,2254],{},[148,2886,2887],{},[167,2888,2889,2878],{"href":1669},[15,2890,1672],{},[148,2892,2893],{},[167,2894,2895],{"href":2333},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[148,2897,2898],{},[167,2899,1790],{"href":1789},[1294,2901,2902],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":2904},[2905,2906,2907,2908,2909,2910,2916,2922,2923,2930],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":1468,"depth":80,"text":1469},{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":1677,"depth":80,"text":1678},{"id":1793,"depth":80,"text":1794},{"id":1898,"depth":80,"text":1899,"children":2911},[2912,2913,2914,2915],{"id":1907,"depth":96,"text":1908},{"id":2006,"depth":96,"text":2007},{"id":2055,"depth":96,"text":2056},{"id":2122,"depth":96,"text":2123},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200,"children":2917},[2918,2919,2920,2921],{"id":2203,"depth":96,"text":2204},{"id":2337,"depth":96,"text":2338},{"id":2380,"depth":96,"text":2381},{"id":2499,"depth":96,"text":2500},{"id":2550,"depth":80,"text":2551},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":2924},[2925,2926,2927,2928,2929],{"id":2826,"depth":96,"text":2827},{"id":2833,"depth":96,"text":2834},{"id":2840,"depth":96,"text":2841},{"id":2847,"depth":96,"text":2848},{"id":2863,"depth":96,"text":2864},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1340,"description":2931},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":2938,"title":2939,"body":2940,"description":4639,"extension":1331,"meta":4640,"navigation":268,"path":4641,"seo":4642,"stem":4643,"__hash__":4644},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2941,"toc":4603},[2942,2950,2956,2959,2976,2980,3037,3047,3052,3056,3075,3078,3094,3097,3101,3109,3126,3129,3166,3169,3176,3182,3259,3261,3293,3299,3303,3307,3346,3348,3357,3364,3368,3407,3409,3418,3428,3432,3488,3490,3498,3501,3504,3551,3553,3561,3567,3574,3579,3582,3585,3651,3653,3661,3664,3731,3733,3741,3755,3758,3769,3773,3779,3782,3784,3800,3802,3810,3813,3816,3819,3836,3839,3842,3872,3874,3887,3889,3893,3896,3911,3916,3919,3946,3953,3956,3996,4002,4008,4016,4019,4071,4078,4142,4147,4156,4159,4177,4183,4186,4328,4334,4339,4342,4353,4356,4412,4414,4422,4425,4484,4486,4494,4497,4508,4510,4515,4523,4532,4535,4542,4545,4553,4566,4568,4600],[10,2943,2945,2946,2949],{"id":2944},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,2947,2948],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,2951,2952,2953,2955],{},"Python’s ",[15,2954,2948],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,2957,2958],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[145,2960,2961,2964,2967],{},[148,2962,2963],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[148,2965,2966],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[148,2968,2969,772,2972,2975],{},[15,2970,2971],{},"all([])",[15,2973,2974],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[131,2977,2979],{"id":2978},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[35,2981,2983],{"className":37,"code":2982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,2984,2985,3007,3022],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2986,2987,2989,2991,2994,2996,2998,3000,3002,3004],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2988,51],{"class":50},[44,2990,55],{"class":54},[44,2992,2993],{"class":58}," [",[44,2995,63],{"class":62},[44,2997,66],{"class":58},[44,2999,69],{"class":62},[44,3001,66],{"class":58},[44,3003,74],{"class":62},[44,3005,3006],{"class":58},"]\n",[44,3008,3009,3011,3013,3016,3018,3020],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,3010,644],{"class":50},[44,3012,55],{"class":54},[44,3014,3015],{"class":99}," all",[44,3017,103],{"class":58},[44,3019,83],{"class":89},[44,3021,108],{"class":58},[44,3023,3024,3026,3028,3030,3033],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,3025,100],{"class":99},[44,3027,103],{"class":58},[44,3029,668],{"class":89},[44,3031,3032],{"class":58},")",[44,3034,3036],{"class":3035},"sutJx","  # True\n",[20,3038,3039,772,3041,3043,3044,86],{},[15,3040,2948],{},[15,3042,2974],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3045,3046],{},"False",[131,3048,134,3050,137],{"id":3049},"what-all-does",[15,3051,2948],{},[20,3053,3054,2255],{},[15,3055,2948],{},[145,3057,3058,3061,3067,3072],{},[148,3059,3060],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[148,3062,3063,3064,3066],{},"returns ",[15,3065,2974],{}," if all items are truthy",[148,3068,3063,3069,3071],{},[15,3070,3046],{}," if any item is falsy",[148,3073,3074],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3076,3077],{},"Basic syntax:",[35,3079,3081],{"className":37,"code":3080,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3082,3083],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3084,3085,3087,3089,3092],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3086,934],{"class":99},[44,3088,103],{"class":58},[44,3090,3091],{"class":89},"iterable",[44,3093,108],{"class":58},[20,3095,3096],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[131,3098,3100],{"id":3099},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3102,3103,3104,945,3106,3108],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3105,2974],{},[15,3107,3046],{}," in conditions.",[145,3110,3111,3119],{},[148,3112,3113,3116,3117],{},[30,3114,3115],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3118,2974],{},[148,3120,3121,3116,3124],{},[30,3122,3123],{},"Falsy",[15,3125,3046],{},[20,3127,3128],{},"Common falsy values include:",[145,3130,3131,3135,3140,3145,3149,3153,3158,3162],{},[148,3132,3133],{},[15,3134,1490],{},[148,3136,3137],{},[15,3138,3139],{},"0.0",[148,3141,3142],{},[15,3143,3144],{},"''",[148,3146,3147],{},[15,3148,159],{},[148,3150,3151],{},[15,3152,3046],{},[148,3154,3155],{},[15,3156,3157],{},"[]",[148,3159,3160],{},[15,3161,957],{},[148,3163,3164],{},[15,3165,330],{},[20,3167,3168],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3170,3171,3172,86],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[167,3173,3175],{"href":3174},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3177,3178,3179,2255],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3180,3181],{},"bool()",[35,3183,3185],{"className":37,"code":3184,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3186,3187,3224,3228],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3188,3189,3192,3194,3196,3198,3200,3203,3205,3208,3210,3212,3215,3217,3219,3222],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3190,3191],{"class":50},"values ",[44,3193,55],{"class":54},[44,3195,2993],{"class":58},[44,3197,63],{"class":62},[44,3199,66],{"class":58},[44,3201,3202],{"class":62}," 0",[44,3204,66],{"class":58},[44,3206,3207],{"class":235}," ''",[44,3209,66],{"class":58},[44,3211,1012],{"class":235},[44,3213,3214],{"class":239},"hello",[44,3216,1018],{"class":235},[44,3218,66],{"class":58},[44,3220,3221],{"class":692}," None",[44,3223,3006],{"class":58},[44,3225,3226],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,3227,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,3229,3230,3232,3234,3237,3239,3241,3243,3247,3250,3253,3256],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,3231,100],{"class":99},[44,3233,2357],{"class":58},[44,3235,3236],{"class":121},"bool",[44,3238,103],{"class":58},[44,3240,1104],{"class":89},[44,3242,3032],{"class":58},[44,3244,3246],{"class":3245},"sVHd0"," for",[44,3248,3249],{"class":89}," x ",[44,3251,3252],{"class":3245},"in",[44,3254,3255],{"class":89}," values",[44,3257,3258],{"class":58},"])\n",[20,3260,111],{},[35,3262,3264],{"className":37,"code":3263,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3265,3266],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3267,3268,3271,3273,3275,3278,3280,3282,3284,3287,3289,3291],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3269,3270],{"class":58},"[",[44,3272,2974],{"class":692},[44,3274,66],{"class":58},[44,3276,3277],{"class":692}," False",[44,3279,66],{"class":58},[44,3281,3277],{"class":692},[44,3283,66],{"class":58},[44,3285,3286],{"class":692}," True",[44,3288,66],{"class":58},[44,3290,3277],{"class":692},[44,3292,3006],{"class":58},[20,3294,3295,3296,3298],{},"This matters because ",[15,3297,2948],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[131,3300,3302],{"id":3301},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[347,3304,3306],{"id":3305},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[35,3308,3310],{"className":37,"code":3309,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3311,3312,3332],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3313,3314,3316,3318,3320,3322,3324,3326,3328,3330],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3315,51],{"class":50},[44,3317,55],{"class":54},[44,3319,2993],{"class":58},[44,3321,63],{"class":62},[44,3323,66],{"class":58},[44,3325,69],{"class":62},[44,3327,66],{"class":58},[44,3329,74],{"class":62},[44,3331,3006],{"class":58},[44,3333,3334,3336,3338,3340,3342,3344],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,3335,100],{"class":99},[44,3337,103],{"class":58},[44,3339,934],{"class":99},[44,3341,103],{"class":58},[44,3343,83],{"class":89},[44,3345,993],{"class":58},[20,3347,111],{},[35,3349,3351],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\n",[15,3352,3353],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3354,3355],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3356,3350],{"class":692},[20,3358,3359,3360,772,3362,86],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,3361,2948],{},[15,3363,2974],{},[347,3365,3367],{"id":3366},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[35,3369,3371],{"className":37,"code":3370,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3372,3373,3393],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3374,3375,3377,3379,3381,3383,3385,3387,3389,3391],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3376,51],{"class":50},[44,3378,55],{"class":54},[44,3380,2993],{"class":58},[44,3382,63],{"class":62},[44,3384,66],{"class":58},[44,3386,3202],{"class":62},[44,3388,66],{"class":58},[44,3390,74],{"class":62},[44,3392,3006],{"class":58},[44,3394,3395,3397,3399,3401,3403,3405],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,3396,100],{"class":99},[44,3398,103],{"class":58},[44,3400,934],{"class":99},[44,3402,103],{"class":58},[44,3404,83],{"class":89},[44,3406,993],{"class":58},[20,3408,111],{},[35,3410,3412],{"className":37,"code":3411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\n",[15,3413,3414],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3415,3416],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3417,3411],{"class":692},[20,3419,3420,3421,3423,3424,772,3426,86],{},"The value ",[15,3422,1490],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,3425,2948],{},[15,3427,3046],{},[347,3429,3431],{"id":3430},"example-strings","Example: strings",[35,3433,3435],{"className":37,"code":3434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3436,3437,3473],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3438,3439,3442,3444,3446,3448,3451,3453,3455,3457,3460,3462,3464,3466,3469,3471],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3440,3441],{"class":50},"words ",[44,3443,55],{"class":54},[44,3445,2993],{"class":58},[44,3447,1018],{"class":235},[44,3449,3450],{"class":239},"apple",[44,3452,1018],{"class":235},[44,3454,66],{"class":58},[44,3456,1012],{"class":235},[44,3458,3459],{"class":239},"banana",[44,3461,1018],{"class":235},[44,3463,66],{"class":58},[44,3465,1012],{"class":235},[44,3467,3468],{"class":239},"cherry",[44,3470,1018],{"class":235},[44,3472,3006],{"class":58},[44,3474,3475,3477,3479,3481,3483,3486],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,3476,100],{"class":99},[44,3478,103],{"class":58},[44,3480,934],{"class":99},[44,3482,103],{"class":58},[44,3484,3485],{"class":89},"words",[44,3487,993],{"class":58},[20,3489,111],{},[35,3491,3492],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,3493,3494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3495,3496],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3497,3350],{"class":692},[20,3499,3500],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,3502,3503],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[35,3505,3507],{"className":37,"code":3506,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3508,3509,3537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3510,3511,3513,3515,3517,3519,3521,3523,3525,3527,3529,3531,3533,3535],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3512,3441],{"class":50},[44,3514,55],{"class":54},[44,3516,2993],{"class":58},[44,3518,1018],{"class":235},[44,3520,3450],{"class":239},[44,3522,1018],{"class":235},[44,3524,66],{"class":58},[44,3526,3207],{"class":235},[44,3528,66],{"class":58},[44,3530,1012],{"class":235},[44,3532,3468],{"class":239},[44,3534,1018],{"class":235},[44,3536,3006],{"class":58},[44,3538,3539,3541,3543,3545,3547,3549],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,3540,100],{"class":99},[44,3542,103],{"class":58},[44,3544,934],{"class":99},[44,3546,103],{"class":58},[44,3548,3485],{"class":89},[44,3550,993],{"class":58},[20,3552,111],{},[35,3554,3555],{"className":37,"code":3411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,3556,3557],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3558,3559],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3560,3411],{"class":692},[20,3562,3563,3564,3566],{},"The empty string ",[15,3565,3144],{}," is falsy.",[131,3568,3570,3571,3573],{"id":3569},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,3572,2948],{}," works with conditions",[20,3575,3576,3578],{},[15,3577,2948],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,3580,3581],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,3583,3584],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[35,3586,3588],{"className":37,"code":3587,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3589,3590,3610,3637,3641],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3591,3592,3594,3596,3598,3600,3602,3604,3606,3608],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3593,51],{"class":50},[44,3595,55],{"class":54},[44,3597,2993],{"class":58},[44,3599,63],{"class":62},[44,3601,66],{"class":58},[44,3603,69],{"class":62},[44,3605,66],{"class":58},[44,3607,74],{"class":62},[44,3609,3006],{"class":58},[44,3611,3612,3614,3616,3618,3620,3622,3625,3627,3629,3631,3633,3635],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,3613,644],{"class":50},[44,3615,55],{"class":54},[44,3617,3015],{"class":99},[44,3619,103],{"class":58},[44,3621,2396],{"class":89},[44,3623,3624],{"class":54},">",[44,3626,3202],{"class":62},[44,3628,3246],{"class":3245},[44,3630,3249],{"class":89},[44,3632,3252],{"class":3245},[44,3634,649],{"class":89},[44,3636,108],{"class":58},[44,3638,3639],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,3640,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,3642,3643,3645,3647,3649],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,3644,100],{"class":99},[44,3646,103],{"class":58},[44,3648,668],{"class":89},[44,3650,108],{"class":58},[20,3652,111],{},[35,3654,3655],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,3656,3657],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3658,3659],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3660,3350],{"class":692},[20,3662,3663],{},"Here is one that fails:",[35,3665,3667],{"className":37,"code":3666,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3668,3669,3691,3717,3721],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3670,3671,3673,3675,3677,3679,3681,3683,3685,3687,3689],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3672,51],{"class":50},[44,3674,55],{"class":54},[44,3676,2993],{"class":58},[44,3678,63],{"class":62},[44,3680,66],{"class":58},[44,3682,1593],{"class":54},[44,3684,1426],{"class":62},[44,3686,66],{"class":58},[44,3688,74],{"class":62},[44,3690,3006],{"class":58},[44,3692,3693,3695,3697,3699,3701,3703,3705,3707,3709,3711,3713,3715],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,3694,644],{"class":50},[44,3696,55],{"class":54},[44,3698,3015],{"class":99},[44,3700,103],{"class":58},[44,3702,2396],{"class":89},[44,3704,3624],{"class":54},[44,3706,3202],{"class":62},[44,3708,3246],{"class":3245},[44,3710,3249],{"class":89},[44,3712,3252],{"class":3245},[44,3714,649],{"class":89},[44,3716,108],{"class":58},[44,3718,3719],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,3720,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,3722,3723,3725,3727,3729],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,3724,100],{"class":99},[44,3726,103],{"class":58},[44,3728,668],{"class":89},[44,3730,108],{"class":58},[20,3732,111],{},[35,3734,3735],{"className":37,"code":3411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,3736,3737],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3738,3739],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3740,3411],{"class":692},[20,3742,3743,3744,3747,3748,3750,3751,772,3753,86],{},"The expression ",[15,3745,3746],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,3749,2974],{},", then ",[15,3752,2948],{},[15,3754,2974],{},[20,3756,3757],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,3759,3760,3761,342,3765,86],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[167,3762,3764],{"href":3763},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[167,3766,3768],{"href":3767},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[131,3770,3772],{"id":3771},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,3774,3775,772,3777,86],{},[15,3776,2971],{},[15,3778,2974],{},[20,3780,3781],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,3783,1578],{},[35,3785,3787],{"className":37,"code":3786,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([]))\n",[15,3788,3789],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3790,3791,3793,3795,3797],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3792,100],{"class":99},[44,3794,103],{"class":58},[44,3796,934],{"class":99},[44,3798,3799],{"class":58},"([]))\n",[20,3801,111],{},[35,3803,3804],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,3805,3806],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3807,3808],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3809,3350],{"class":692},[20,3811,3812],{},"Why?",[20,3814,3815],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,3817,3818],{},"Think of it this way:",[145,3820,3821,3828,3831],{},[148,3822,3823,772,3825,3827],{},[15,3824,2948],{},[15,3826,3046],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[148,3829,3830],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[148,3832,3833,3834],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,3835,3046],{},[20,3837,3838],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,3840,3841],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[35,3843,3845],{"className":37,"code":3844,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,3846,3847,3858],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3848,3849,3851,3853,3855],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3850,100],{"class":99},[44,3852,103],{"class":58},[44,3854,934],{"class":99},[44,3856,3857],{"class":58},"(()))\n",[44,3859,3860,3862,3864,3866,3868,3870],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,3861,100],{"class":99},[44,3863,103],{"class":58},[44,3865,934],{"class":99},[44,3867,103],{"class":58},[44,3869,3144],{"class":235},[44,3871,993],{"class":58},[20,3873,111],{},[35,3875,3877],{"className":37,"code":3876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\n",[15,3878,3879,3883],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3880,3881],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3882,3350],{"class":692},[44,3884,3885],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,3886,3350],{"class":692},[131,3888,784],{"id":783},[347,3890,3892],{"id":3891},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,3894,3895],{},"This is wrong:",[35,3897,3899],{"className":37,"code":3898,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,3900,3901,3906],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3902,3903],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3904,3905],{"class":3035},"# Wrong\n",[44,3907,3908],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,3909,3910],{"class":3035},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,3912,3913,3915],{},[15,3914,2948],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,3917,3918],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[35,3920,3922],{"className":37,"code":3921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3923,3924],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3925,3926,3928,3930,3932,3934,3936,3938,3940,3942,3944],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3927,100],{"class":99},[44,3929,103],{"class":58},[44,3931,934],{"class":99},[44,3933,2357],{"class":58},[44,3935,63],{"class":62},[44,3937,66],{"class":58},[44,3939,69],{"class":62},[44,3941,66],{"class":58},[44,3943,74],{"class":62},[44,3945,2370],{"class":58},[347,3947,3949,3950,3952],{"id":3948},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,3951,2948],{}," compares values automatically",[20,3954,3955],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[35,3957,3959],{"className":37,"code":3958,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3960,3961,3982],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3962,3963,3965,3967,3969,3971,3973,3976,3978,3980],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3964,51],{"class":50},[44,3966,55],{"class":54},[44,3968,2993],{"class":58},[44,3970,1507],{"class":62},[44,3972,66],{"class":58},[44,3974,3975],{"class":62}," 5",[44,3977,66],{"class":58},[44,3979,3975],{"class":62},[44,3981,3006],{"class":58},[44,3983,3984,3986,3988,3990,3992,3994],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,3985,100],{"class":99},[44,3987,103],{"class":58},[44,3989,934],{"class":99},[44,3991,103],{"class":58},[44,3993,83],{"class":89},[44,3995,993],{"class":58},[20,3997,3998,3999,4001],{},"This does ",[30,4000,604],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4003,4004,4005,4007],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4006,1507],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[35,4009,4010],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4011,4012],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4013,4014],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4015,3350],{"class":692},[20,4017,4018],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[35,4020,4022],{"className":37,"code":4021,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4023,4024,4044],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4025,4026,4028,4030,4032,4034,4036,4038,4040,4042],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4027,51],{"class":50},[44,4029,55],{"class":54},[44,4031,2993],{"class":58},[44,4033,1507],{"class":62},[44,4035,66],{"class":58},[44,4037,3975],{"class":62},[44,4039,66],{"class":58},[44,4041,3975],{"class":62},[44,4043,3006],{"class":58},[44,4045,4046,4048,4050,4052,4054,4056,4059,4061,4063,4065,4067,4069],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,4047,100],{"class":99},[44,4049,103],{"class":58},[44,4051,934],{"class":99},[44,4053,103],{"class":58},[44,4055,2396],{"class":89},[44,4057,4058],{"class":54},"==",[44,4060,3975],{"class":62},[44,4062,3246],{"class":3245},[44,4064,3249],{"class":89},[44,4066,3252],{"class":3245},[44,4068,649],{"class":89},[44,4070,993],{"class":58},[347,4072,4074,4075,4077],{"id":4073},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4076,1490],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[35,4079,4081],{"className":37,"code":4080,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4082,4083,4109],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4084,4085,4087,4089,4091,4093,4095,4097,4099,4101,4103,4106],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4086,100],{"class":99},[44,4088,103],{"class":58},[44,4090,934],{"class":99},[44,4092,2357],{"class":58},[44,4094,63],{"class":62},[44,4096,66],{"class":58},[44,4098,69],{"class":62},[44,4100,66],{"class":58},[44,4102,3202],{"class":62},[44,4104,4105],{"class":58},"]))",[44,4107,4108],{"class":3035},"       # False\n",[44,4110,4111,4113,4115,4117,4119,4121,4123,4125,4127,4129,4131,4133,4135,4137,4139],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,4112,100],{"class":99},[44,4114,103],{"class":58},[44,4116,934],{"class":99},[44,4118,2357],{"class":58},[44,4120,1018],{"class":235},[44,4122,167],{"class":239},[44,4124,1018],{"class":235},[44,4126,66],{"class":58},[44,4128,1012],{"class":235},[44,4130,1164],{"class":239},[44,4132,1018],{"class":235},[44,4134,66],{"class":58},[44,4136,3207],{"class":235},[44,4138,4105],{"class":58},[44,4140,4141],{"class":3035},"  # False\n",[20,4143,4144,4145,86],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4146,3046],{},[347,4148,4150,4151,4153,4154],{"id":4149},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4152,2971],{}," is ",[15,4155,2974],{},[20,4157,4158],{},"This is expected behavior:",[35,4160,4162],{"className":37,"code":4161,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4163,4164],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4165,4166,4168,4170,4172,4175],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4167,100],{"class":99},[44,4169,103],{"class":58},[44,4171,934],{"class":99},[44,4173,4174],{"class":58},"([]))",[44,4176,3036],{"class":3035},[20,4178,4179,4180,4182],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4181,2974],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4184,4185],{},"Useful quick tests:",[35,4187,4189],{"className":37,"code":4188,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4190,4191,4213,4235,4282,4318],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4192,4193,4195,4197,4199,4201,4203,4205,4207,4209,4211],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4194,100],{"class":99},[44,4196,103],{"class":58},[44,4198,934],{"class":99},[44,4200,2357],{"class":58},[44,4202,63],{"class":62},[44,4204,66],{"class":58},[44,4206,69],{"class":62},[44,4208,66],{"class":58},[44,4210,74],{"class":62},[44,4212,2370],{"class":58},[44,4214,4215,4217,4219,4221,4223,4225,4227,4229,4231,4233],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,4216,100],{"class":99},[44,4218,103],{"class":58},[44,4220,934],{"class":99},[44,4222,2357],{"class":58},[44,4224,63],{"class":62},[44,4226,66],{"class":58},[44,4228,3202],{"class":62},[44,4230,66],{"class":58},[44,4232,74],{"class":62},[44,4234,2370],{"class":58},[44,4236,4237,4239,4241,4243,4245,4247,4249,4251,4253,4255,4257,4259,4261,4263,4265,4267,4269,4271,4273,4275,4277,4279],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,4238,100],{"class":99},[44,4240,2357],{"class":58},[44,4242,3236],{"class":121},[44,4244,103],{"class":58},[44,4246,1104],{"class":89},[44,4248,3032],{"class":58},[44,4250,3246],{"class":3245},[44,4252,3249],{"class":89},[44,4254,3252],{"class":3245},[44,4256,2993],{"class":58},[44,4258,63],{"class":62},[44,4260,66],{"class":58},[44,4262,3202],{"class":62},[44,4264,66],{"class":58},[44,4266,3207],{"class":235},[44,4268,66],{"class":58},[44,4270,1012],{"class":235},[44,4272,3214],{"class":239},[44,4274,1018],{"class":235},[44,4276,66],{"class":58},[44,4278,3221],{"class":692},[44,4280,4281],{"class":58},"]])\n",[44,4283,4284,4286,4288,4290,4292,4294,4296,4298,4300,4302,4304,4306,4308,4310,4312,4314,4316],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,4285,100],{"class":99},[44,4287,103],{"class":58},[44,4289,934],{"class":99},[44,4291,103],{"class":58},[44,4293,2396],{"class":89},[44,4295,3624],{"class":54},[44,4297,3202],{"class":62},[44,4299,3246],{"class":3245},[44,4301,3249],{"class":89},[44,4303,3252],{"class":3245},[44,4305,2993],{"class":58},[44,4307,63],{"class":62},[44,4309,66],{"class":58},[44,4311,69],{"class":62},[44,4313,66],{"class":58},[44,4315,74],{"class":62},[44,4317,2370],{"class":58},[44,4319,4320,4322,4324,4326],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,4321,100],{"class":99},[44,4323,103],{"class":58},[44,4325,934],{"class":99},[44,4327,3799],{"class":58},[131,4329,4331,4332],{"id":4330},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,4333,2948],{},[20,4335,4336,4338],{},[15,4337,2948],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,4340,4341],{},"Common use cases:",[145,4343,4344,4347,4350],{},[148,4345,4346],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[148,4348,4349],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[148,4351,4352],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,4354,4355],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[35,4357,4359],{"className":37,"code":4358,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,4360,4361,4397],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4362,4363,4366,4368,4370,4372,4375,4377,4379,4381,4384,4386,4388,4390,4393,4395],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4364,4365],{"class":50},"names ",[44,4367,55],{"class":54},[44,4369,2993],{"class":58},[44,4371,1018],{"class":235},[44,4373,4374],{"class":239},"Alice",[44,4376,1018],{"class":235},[44,4378,66],{"class":58},[44,4380,1012],{"class":235},[44,4382,4383],{"class":239},"Bob",[44,4385,1018],{"class":235},[44,4387,66],{"class":58},[44,4389,1012],{"class":235},[44,4391,4392],{"class":239},"Charlie",[44,4394,1018],{"class":235},[44,4396,3006],{"class":58},[44,4398,4399,4401,4403,4405,4407,4410],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,4400,100],{"class":99},[44,4402,103],{"class":58},[44,4404,934],{"class":99},[44,4406,103],{"class":58},[44,4408,4409],{"class":89},"names",[44,4411,993],{"class":58},[20,4413,111],{},[35,4415,4416],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4417,4418],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4419,4420],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4421,3350],{"class":692},[20,4423,4424],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[35,4426,4428],{"className":37,"code":4427,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,4429,4430,4454],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4431,4432,4435,4437,4439,4442,4444,4447,4449,4452],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4433,4434],{"class":50},"scores ",[44,4436,55],{"class":54},[44,4438,2993],{"class":58},[44,4440,4441],{"class":62},"75",[44,4443,66],{"class":58},[44,4445,4446],{"class":62}," 80",[44,4448,66],{"class":58},[44,4450,4451],{"class":62}," 50",[44,4453,3006],{"class":58},[44,4455,4456,4458,4460,4462,4464,4467,4470,4472,4474,4477,4479,4482],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,4457,100],{"class":99},[44,4459,103],{"class":58},[44,4461,934],{"class":99},[44,4463,103],{"class":58},[44,4465,4466],{"class":89},"score ",[44,4468,4469],{"class":54},">=",[44,4471,4451],{"class":62},[44,4473,3246],{"class":3245},[44,4475,4476],{"class":89}," score ",[44,4478,3252],{"class":3245},[44,4480,4481],{"class":89}," scores",[44,4483,993],{"class":58},[20,4485,111],{},[35,4487,4488],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4489,4490],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4491,4492],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4493,3350],{"class":692},[20,4495,4496],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,4498,4499,4500,342,4504,86],{},"For related tasks, see ",[167,4501,4503],{"href":4502},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[167,4505,4507],{"href":4506},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[131,4509,1196],{"id":1195},[347,4511,1200,4513,1203],{"id":4512},"what-does-all-return-in-python",[15,4514,2948],{},[20,4516,608,4517,4519,4520,4522],{},[15,4518,2974],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,4521,3046],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[347,4524,4526,4527,4529,4530,1239],{"id":4525},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,4528,2971],{}," return ",[15,4531,2974],{},[20,4533,4534],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[347,4536,4538,4539,4541],{"id":4537},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,4540,2948],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,4543,4544],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[347,4546,1234,4548,342,4550,1239],{"id":4547},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[15,4549,2948],{},[15,4551,4552],{},"any()",[20,4554,4555,4557,4558,4560,4561,86],{},[15,4556,2948],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,4559,4552],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[167,4562,2945,4564,2878],{"href":4563},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,4565,4552],{},[131,4567,1251],{"id":1250},[145,4569,4570,4576,4580,4585,4590,4595],{},[148,4571,4572],{},[167,4573,2945,4574,2878],{"href":4563},[15,4575,4552],{},[148,4577,4578],{},[167,4579,3175],{"href":3174},[148,4581,4582],{},[167,4583,4584],{"href":4506},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[148,4586,4587],{},[167,4588,4589],{"href":4502},"How to filter a list in Python",[148,4591,4592],{},[167,4593,4594],{"href":3763},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[148,4596,4597],{},[167,4598,4599],{"href":3767},"What is an iterable in Python",[1294,4601,4602],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":4604},[4605,4606,4608,4609,4614,4616,4617,4626,4628,4638],{"id":2978,"depth":80,"text":2979},{"id":3049,"depth":80,"text":4607},"What all() does",{"id":3099,"depth":80,"text":3100},{"id":3301,"depth":80,"text":3302,"children":4610},[4611,4612,4613],{"id":3305,"depth":96,"text":3306},{"id":3366,"depth":96,"text":3367},{"id":3430,"depth":96,"text":3431},{"id":3569,"depth":80,"text":4615},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":3771,"depth":80,"text":3772},{"id":783,"depth":80,"text":784,"children":4618},[4619,4620,4622,4624],{"id":3891,"depth":96,"text":3892},{"id":3948,"depth":96,"text":4621},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4073,"depth":96,"text":4623},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4149,"depth":96,"text":4625},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4330,"depth":80,"text":4627},"When to use all()",{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":4629},[4630,4632,4634,4636],{"id":4512,"depth":96,"text":4631},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":4525,"depth":96,"text":4633},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":4537,"depth":96,"text":4635},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":4547,"depth":96,"text":4637},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":2939,"description":4639},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":4646,"title":4647,"body":4648,"description":6339,"extension":1331,"meta":6340,"navigation":268,"path":4563,"seo":6341,"stem":6342,"__hash__":6343},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4649,"toc":6317},[4650,4653,4661,4664,4681,4689,4733,4742,4746,4751,4754,4771,4774,4785,4797,4801,4804,4819,4824,4827,4839,4842,4927,4930,4951,4957,4959,4967,4981,4983,5017,5019,5022,5083,5085,5102,5105,5132,5134,5142,5154,5158,5161,5200,5202,5210,5212,5228,5236,5239,5282,5284,5292,5297,5301,5309,5312,5339,5342,5345,5419,5421,5429,5436,5460,5471,5474,5553,5555,5563,5570,5574,5579,5594,5596,5604,5607,5613,5616,5661,5663,5680,5684,5689,5700,5703,5817,5820,5879,5885,5887,5892,5896,5898,5917,5923,5926,5945,5949,5958,5985,5987,5995,6003,6007,6013,6036,6038,6046,6053,6057,6060,6111,6114,6165,6168,6170,6174,6181,6185,6192,6196,6204,6208,6211,6233,6235,6285,6287,6314],[10,4651,4647],{"id":4652},"python-any-function-explained",[20,4654,4655,4657,4658,86],{},[15,4656,4552],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[30,4659,4660],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,4662,4663],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[145,4665,4666,4669,4672,4675,4678],{},[148,4667,4668],{},"lists",[148,4670,4671],{},"tuples",[148,4673,4674],{},"sets",[148,4676,4677],{},"strings",[148,4679,4680],{},"generator expressions",[20,4682,4683,4684,945,4686,4688],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,4685,2974],{},[15,4687,3046],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[35,4690,4692],{"className":37,"code":4691,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,4693,4694,4714],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4695,4696,4698,4700,4702,4704,4706,4708,4710,4712],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4697,3191],{"class":50},[44,4699,55],{"class":54},[44,4701,2993],{"class":58},[44,4703,1490],{"class":62},[44,4705,66],{"class":58},[44,4707,3207],{"class":235},[44,4709,66],{"class":58},[44,4711,3975],{"class":62},[44,4713,3006],{"class":58},[44,4715,4716,4718,4720,4723,4725,4728,4731],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,4717,100],{"class":99},[44,4719,103],{"class":58},[44,4721,4722],{"class":99},"any",[44,4724,103],{"class":58},[44,4726,4727],{"class":89},"values",[44,4729,4730],{"class":58},"))",[44,4732,3036],{"class":3035},[20,4734,1462,4735,4738,4739,4741],{},[15,4736,4737],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,4740,2974],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[131,4743,4745],{"id":4744},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,4747,4748,4750],{},[15,4749,4552],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,4752,4753],{},"It returns:",[145,4755,4756,4761,4766],{},[148,4757,4758,4760],{},[15,4759,2974],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[148,4762,4763,4765],{},[15,4764,3046],{}," if all items are falsy",[148,4767,4768,4770],{},[15,4769,3046],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,4772,4773],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[145,4775,4776,4779,4782],{},[148,4777,4778],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[148,4780,4781],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[148,4783,4784],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,4786,4787,4788,4791,4792,86],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[30,4789,4790],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[167,4793,4795],{"href":4794},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,4796,2948],{},[131,4798,4800],{"id":4799},"syntax","Syntax",[20,4802,4803],{},"The syntax is simple:",[35,4805,4807],{"className":37,"code":4806,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"any(iterable)\n",[15,4808,4809],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4810,4811,4813,4815,4817],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4812,4722],{"class":99},[44,4814,103],{"class":58},[44,4816,3091],{"class":89},[44,4818,108],{"class":58},[20,4820,4821,4822,86],{},"The argument must be an ",[30,4823,3091],{},[20,4825,4826],{},"Common inputs include:",[145,4828,4829,4831,4833,4835,4837],{},[148,4830,4668],{},[148,4832,4671],{},[148,4834,4674],{},[148,4836,4677],{},[148,4838,4680],{},[20,4840,4841],{},"For example:",[35,4843,4845],{"className":37,"code":4844,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,4846,4847,4870,4889,4909],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4848,4849,4851,4853,4855,4857,4859,4861,4863,4865,4868],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4850,100],{"class":99},[44,4852,103],{"class":58},[44,4854,4722],{"class":99},[44,4856,2357],{"class":58},[44,4858,1490],{"class":62},[44,4860,66],{"class":58},[44,4862,3202],{"class":62},[44,4864,66],{"class":58},[44,4866,4867],{"class":62}," 1",[44,4869,2370],{"class":58},[44,4871,4872,4874,4876,4878,4881,4883,4885,4887],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,4873,100],{"class":99},[44,4875,103],{"class":58},[44,4877,4722],{"class":99},[44,4879,4880],{"class":58},"((",[44,4882,3046],{"class":692},[44,4884,66],{"class":58},[44,4886,3277],{"class":692},[44,4888,2283],{"class":58},[44,4890,4891,4893,4895,4897,4900,4902,4904,4906],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,4892,100],{"class":99},[44,4894,103],{"class":58},[44,4896,4722],{"class":99},[44,4898,4899],{"class":58},"({",[44,4901,1490],{"class":62},[44,4903,66],{"class":58},[44,4905,69],{"class":62},[44,4907,4908],{"class":58},"}))\n",[44,4910,4911,4913,4915,4917,4919,4921,4923,4925],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,4912,100],{"class":99},[44,4914,103],{"class":58},[44,4916,4722],{"class":99},[44,4918,103],{"class":58},[44,4920,236],{"class":235},[44,4922,3214],{"class":239},[44,4924,236],{"class":235},[44,4926,993],{"class":58},[20,4928,4929],{},"Expected output:",[35,4931,4933],{"className":37,"code":4932,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,4934,4935,4939,4943,4947],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4936,4937],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4938,3350],{"class":692},[44,4940,4941],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,4942,3411],{"class":692},[44,4944,4945],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,4946,3350],{"class":692},[44,4948,4949],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,4950,3350],{"class":692},[20,4952,4953,4954,86],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[167,4955,4507],{"href":4956},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[131,4958,3100],{"id":3099},[20,4960,3103,4961,945,4964,3108],{},[30,4962,4963],{},"truthy",[30,4965,4966],{},"falsy",[145,4968,4969,4975],{},[148,4970,4971,3116,4973],{},[30,4972,3115],{},[15,4974,2974],{},[148,4976,4977,3116,4979],{},[30,4978,3123],{},[15,4980,3046],{},[20,4982,3128],{},[145,4984,4985,4989,4993,4997,5001,5005,5009,5013],{},[148,4986,4987],{},[15,4988,3046],{},[148,4990,4991],{},[15,4992,1490],{},[148,4994,4995],{},[15,4996,3139],{},[148,4998,4999],{},[15,5000,3144],{},[148,5002,5003],{},[15,5004,3157],{},[148,5006,5007],{},[15,5008,957],{},[148,5010,5011],{},[15,5012,330],{},[148,5014,5015],{},[15,5016,159],{},[20,5018,3168],{},[20,5020,5021],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[35,5023,5025],{"className":37,"code":5024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5026,5027,5041,5059],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5028,5029,5031,5033,5035,5037,5039],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5030,100],{"class":99},[44,5032,103],{"class":58},[44,5034,4722],{"class":99},[44,5036,2357],{"class":58},[44,5038,63],{"class":62},[44,5040,2370],{"class":58},[44,5042,5043,5045,5047,5049,5051,5053,5055,5057],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,5044,100],{"class":99},[44,5046,103],{"class":58},[44,5048,4722],{"class":99},[44,5050,2357],{"class":58},[44,5052,1018],{"class":235},[44,5054,3214],{"class":239},[44,5056,1018],{"class":235},[44,5058,2370],{"class":58},[44,5060,5061,5063,5065,5067,5070,5072,5074,5076,5078,5080],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,5062,100],{"class":99},[44,5064,103],{"class":58},[44,5066,4722],{"class":99},[44,5068,5069],{"class":58},"([[",[44,5071,63],{"class":62},[44,5073,66],{"class":58},[44,5075,69],{"class":62},[44,5077,66],{"class":58},[44,5079,74],{"class":62},[44,5081,5082],{"class":58},"]]))\n",[20,5084,4929],{},[35,5086,5088],{"className":37,"code":5087,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5089,5090,5094,5098],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5091,5092],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5093,3350],{"class":692},[44,5095,5096],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,5097,3350],{"class":692},[44,5099,5100],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,5101,3350],{"class":692},[20,5103,5104],{},"And these are all falsy:",[35,5106,5108],{"className":37,"code":5107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5109,5110],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5111,5112,5114,5116,5118,5120,5122,5124,5126,5128,5130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5113,100],{"class":99},[44,5115,103],{"class":58},[44,5117,4722],{"class":99},[44,5119,2357],{"class":58},[44,5121,1490],{"class":62},[44,5123,66],{"class":58},[44,5125,3207],{"class":235},[44,5127,66],{"class":58},[44,5129,3221],{"class":692},[44,5131,2370],{"class":58},[20,5133,4929],{},[35,5135,5136],{"className":37,"code":3411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5137,5138],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5139,5140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5141,3411],{"class":692},[20,5143,5144,5145,342,5148,86],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[167,5146,3175],{"href":5147},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[167,5149,5151,5153],{"href":5150},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5152,3181],{}," explained",[131,5155,5157],{"id":5156},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5159,5160],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[35,5162,5164],{"className":37,"code":5163,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5165,5166,5186],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5167,5168,5170,5172,5174,5176,5178,5180,5182,5184],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5169,3191],{"class":50},[44,5171,55],{"class":54},[44,5173,2993],{"class":58},[44,5175,1490],{"class":62},[44,5177,66],{"class":58},[44,5179,3207],{"class":235},[44,5181,66],{"class":58},[44,5183,3975],{"class":62},[44,5185,3006],{"class":58},[44,5187,5188,5190,5192,5194,5196,5198],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,5189,100],{"class":99},[44,5191,103],{"class":58},[44,5193,4722],{"class":99},[44,5195,103],{"class":58},[44,5197,4727],{"class":89},[44,5199,993],{"class":58},[20,5201,111],{},[35,5203,5204],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5205,5206],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5207,5208],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5209,3350],{"class":692},[20,5211,3812],{},[145,5213,5214,5219,5223],{},[148,5215,5216,5218],{},[15,5217,1490],{}," is falsy",[148,5220,5221,5218],{},[15,5222,3144],{},[148,5224,5225,5227],{},[15,5226,1507],{}," is truthy",[20,5229,5230,5231,772,5234,86],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5232,5233],{},"any(values)",[15,5235,2974],{},[20,5237,5238],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[35,5240,5242],{"className":37,"code":5241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5243,5244,5268],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5245,5246,5248,5250,5252,5254,5256,5258,5260,5262,5264,5266],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5247,3191],{"class":50},[44,5249,55],{"class":54},[44,5251,2993],{"class":58},[44,5253,1490],{"class":62},[44,5255,66],{"class":58},[44,5257,3207],{"class":235},[44,5259,66],{"class":58},[44,5261,3221],{"class":692},[44,5263,66],{"class":58},[44,5265,3277],{"class":692},[44,5267,3006],{"class":58},[44,5269,5270,5272,5274,5276,5278,5280],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,5271,100],{"class":99},[44,5273,103],{"class":58},[44,5275,4722],{"class":99},[44,5277,103],{"class":58},[44,5279,4727],{"class":89},[44,5281,993],{"class":58},[20,5283,111],{},[35,5285,5286],{"className":37,"code":3411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5287,5288],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5289,5290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5291,3411],{"class":692},[20,5293,5294,5295,86],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5296,3046],{},[131,5298,5300],{"id":5299},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5302,5303,5305,5306,86],{},[15,5304,4552],{}," is often used with a ",[30,5307,5308],{},"generator expression",[20,5310,5311],{},"This is a common pattern:",[35,5313,5315],{"className":37,"code":5314,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5316,5317],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5318,5319,5321,5323,5326,5329,5332,5334,5337],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5320,4722],{"class":99},[44,5322,103],{"class":58},[44,5324,5325],{"class":89},"condition ",[44,5327,5328],{"class":3245},"for",[44,5330,5331],{"class":89}," item ",[44,5333,3252],{"class":3245},[44,5335,5336],{"class":89}," items",[44,5338,108],{"class":58},[20,5340,5341],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,5343,5344],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[35,5346,5348],{"className":37,"code":5347,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,5349,5350,5378,5382,5409],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5351,5352,5354,5356,5358,5360,5362,5365,5367,5369,5371,5373,5376],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5353,51],{"class":50},[44,5355,55],{"class":54},[44,5357,2993],{"class":58},[44,5359,1875],{"class":62},[44,5361,66],{"class":58},[44,5363,5364],{"class":62}," 7",[44,5366,66],{"class":58},[44,5368,1593],{"class":54},[44,5370,1426],{"class":62},[44,5372,66],{"class":58},[44,5374,5375],{"class":62}," 10",[44,5377,3006],{"class":58},[44,5379,5380],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,5381,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,5383,5384,5386,5388,5391,5393,5395,5397,5399,5401,5403,5405,5407],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,5385,644],{"class":50},[44,5387,55],{"class":54},[44,5389,5390],{"class":99}," any",[44,5392,103],{"class":58},[44,5394,2396],{"class":89},[44,5396,1005],{"class":54},[44,5398,3202],{"class":62},[44,5400,3246],{"class":3245},[44,5402,3249],{"class":89},[44,5404,3252],{"class":3245},[44,5406,649],{"class":89},[44,5408,108],{"class":58},[44,5410,5411,5413,5415,5417],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,5412,100],{"class":99},[44,5414,103],{"class":58},[44,5416,668],{"class":89},[44,5418,108],{"class":58},[20,5420,111],{},[35,5422,5423],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5424,5425],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5426,5427],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5428,3350],{"class":692},[20,5430,5431,5432,5435],{},"This works because ",[15,5433,5434],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[145,5437,5438,5446,5453],{},[148,5439,5440,5443,5444],{},[15,5441,5442],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,5445,3046],{},[148,5447,5448,5443,5451],{},[15,5449,5450],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,5452,3046],{},[148,5454,5455,5443,5458],{},[15,5456,5457],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,5459,2974],{},[20,5461,5462,5463,5465,5466,5468,5469,86],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,5464,2974],{}," result, ",[15,5467,4552],{}," can return ",[15,5470,2974],{},[20,5472,5473],{},"Here is another example:",[35,5475,5477],{"className":37,"code":5476,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,5478,5479,5508,5512,5542],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5480,5481,5483,5485,5487,5489,5491,5493,5495,5498,5500,5502,5504,5506],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5482,3441],{"class":50},[44,5484,55],{"class":54},[44,5486,2993],{"class":58},[44,5488,236],{"class":235},[44,5490,3450],{"class":239},[44,5492,236],{"class":235},[44,5494,66],{"class":58},[44,5496,5497],{"class":235}," \"\"",[44,5499,66],{"class":58},[44,5501,247],{"class":235},[44,5503,3459],{"class":239},[44,5505,236],{"class":235},[44,5507,3006],{"class":58},[44,5509,5510],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,5511,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,5513,5514,5517,5519,5521,5523,5526,5528,5530,5532,5535,5537,5540],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,5515,5516],{"class":50},"has_empty_string ",[44,5518,55],{"class":54},[44,5520,5390],{"class":99},[44,5522,103],{"class":58},[44,5524,5525],{"class":89},"word ",[44,5527,4058],{"class":54},[44,5529,5497],{"class":235},[44,5531,3246],{"class":3245},[44,5533,5534],{"class":89}," word ",[44,5536,3252],{"class":3245},[44,5538,5539],{"class":89}," words",[44,5541,108],{"class":58},[44,5543,5544,5546,5548,5551],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,5545,100],{"class":99},[44,5547,103],{"class":58},[44,5549,5550],{"class":89},"has_empty_string",[44,5552,108],{"class":58},[20,5554,111],{},[35,5556,5557],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5558,5559],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5560,5561],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5562,3350],{"class":692},[20,5564,5565,5566,86],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[167,5567,5569],{"href":5568},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[131,5571,5573],{"id":5572},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,5575,5576,5577,2255],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,5578,3046],{},[35,5580,5582],{"className":37,"code":5581,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([]))\n",[15,5583,5584],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5585,5586,5588,5590,5592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5587,100],{"class":99},[44,5589,103],{"class":58},[44,5591,4722],{"class":99},[44,5593,3799],{"class":58},[20,5595,111],{},[35,5597,5598],{"className":37,"code":3411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5599,5600],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5601,5602],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5603,3411],{"class":692},[20,5605,5606],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,5608,5609,5610,5612],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,5611,4552],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,5614,5615],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[35,5617,5619],{"className":37,"code":5618,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,5620,5621,5631,5646],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5622,5623,5625,5627,5629],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5624,100],{"class":99},[44,5626,103],{"class":58},[44,5628,4722],{"class":99},[44,5630,3857],{"class":58},[44,5632,5633,5635,5637,5639,5641,5644],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,5634,100],{"class":99},[44,5636,103],{"class":58},[44,5638,4722],{"class":99},[44,5640,103],{"class":58},[44,5642,5643],{"class":235},"\"\"",[44,5645,993],{"class":58},[44,5647,5648,5650,5652,5654,5656,5658],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,5649,100],{"class":99},[44,5651,103],{"class":58},[44,5653,4722],{"class":99},[44,5655,103],{"class":58},[44,5657,122],{"class":121},[44,5659,5660],{"class":58},"()))\n",[20,5662,111],{},[35,5664,5666],{"className":37,"code":5665,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,5667,5668,5672,5676],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5669,5670],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5671,3411],{"class":692},[44,5673,5674],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,5675,3411],{"class":692},[44,5677,5678],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,5679,3411],{"class":692},[131,5681,5683],{"id":5682},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,5685,1462,5686,5688],{},[15,5687,4552],{}," when you want to:",[145,5690,5691,5694,5697],{},[148,5692,5693],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[148,5695,5696],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[148,5698,5699],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,5701,5702],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[35,5704,5706],{"className":37,"code":5705,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,5707,5708,5733,5737,5747,5751,5765,5784,5794,5800,5805],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5709,5710,5712,5714,5716,5718,5720,5722,5724,5726,5728,5731],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5711,51],{"class":50},[44,5713,55],{"class":54},[44,5715,2993],{"class":58},[44,5717,63],{"class":62},[44,5719,66],{"class":58},[44,5721,74],{"class":62},[44,5723,66],{"class":58},[44,5725,3975],{"class":62},[44,5727,66],{"class":58},[44,5729,5730],{"class":62}," 8",[44,5732,3006],{"class":58},[44,5734,5735],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,5736,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,5738,5739,5742,5744],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,5740,5741],{"class":50},"found_even ",[44,5743,55],{"class":54},[44,5745,5746],{"class":692}," False\n",[44,5748,5749],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,5750,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,5752,5753,5755,5758,5760,5762],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,5754,5328],{"class":3245},[44,5756,5757],{"class":50}," number ",[44,5759,3252],{"class":3245},[44,5761,649],{"class":50},[44,5763,5764],{"class":58},":\n",[44,5766,5767,5770,5772,5775,5777,5780,5782],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,5768,5769],{"class":3245},"    if",[44,5771,5757],{"class":50},[44,5773,5774],{"class":54},"%",[44,5776,69],{"class":62},[44,5778,5779],{"class":54}," ==",[44,5781,3202],{"class":62},[44,5783,5764],{"class":58},[44,5785,5786,5789,5791],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,5787,5788],{"class":50},"        found_even ",[44,5790,55],{"class":54},[44,5792,5793],{"class":692}," True\n",[44,5795,5797],{"class":46,"line":5796},8,[44,5798,5799],{"class":3245},"        break\n",[44,5801,5803],{"class":46,"line":5802},9,[44,5804,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,5806,5808,5810,5812,5815],{"class":46,"line":5807},10,[44,5809,100],{"class":99},[44,5811,103],{"class":58},[44,5813,5814],{"class":89},"found_even",[44,5816,108],{"class":58},[20,5818,5819],{},"You can write:",[35,5821,5823],{"className":37,"code":5822,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,5824,5825,5849],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5826,5827,5829,5831,5833,5835,5837,5839,5841,5843,5845,5847],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5828,51],{"class":50},[44,5830,55],{"class":54},[44,5832,2993],{"class":58},[44,5834,63],{"class":62},[44,5836,66],{"class":58},[44,5838,74],{"class":62},[44,5840,66],{"class":58},[44,5842,3975],{"class":62},[44,5844,66],{"class":58},[44,5846,5730],{"class":62},[44,5848,3006],{"class":58},[44,5850,5851,5853,5855,5857,5859,5861,5863,5865,5867,5869,5871,5873,5875,5877],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,5852,100],{"class":99},[44,5854,103],{"class":58},[44,5856,4722],{"class":99},[44,5858,103],{"class":58},[44,5860,1588],{"class":89},[44,5862,5774],{"class":54},[44,5864,69],{"class":62},[44,5866,5779],{"class":54},[44,5868,3202],{"class":62},[44,5870,3246],{"class":3245},[44,5872,5757],{"class":89},[44,5874,3252],{"class":3245},[44,5876,649],{"class":89},[44,5878,993],{"class":58},[20,5880,5881,5882,5884],{},"Both work, but ",[15,5883,4552],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[131,5886,784],{"id":783},[20,5888,5889,5890,86],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,5891,4552],{},[347,5893,5895],{"id":5894},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,5897,3895],{},[35,5899,5901],{"className":37,"code":5900,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any(5))\n",[15,5902,5903],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5904,5905,5907,5909,5911,5913,5915],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5906,100],{"class":99},[44,5908,103],{"class":58},[44,5910,4722],{"class":99},[44,5912,103],{"class":58},[44,5914,1507],{"class":62},[44,5916,993],{"class":58},[20,5918,5919,5920,5922],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,5921,1507],{}," is not iterable.",[20,5924,5925],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[35,5927,5929],{"className":37,"code":5928,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,5930,5931],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5932,5933,5935,5937,5939,5941,5943],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5934,100],{"class":99},[44,5936,103],{"class":58},[44,5938,4722],{"class":99},[44,5940,2357],{"class":58},[44,5942,1507],{"class":62},[44,5944,2370],{"class":58},[347,5946,5948],{"id":5947},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,5950,5951,5953,5954,5957],{},[15,5952,4552],{}," needs only ",[30,5955,5956],{},"one"," truthy item.",[35,5959,5961],{"className":37,"code":5960,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,5962,5963],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5964,5965,5967,5969,5971,5973,5975,5977,5979,5981,5983],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5966,100],{"class":99},[44,5968,103],{"class":58},[44,5970,4722],{"class":99},[44,5972,2357],{"class":58},[44,5974,3046],{"class":692},[44,5976,66],{"class":58},[44,5978,3277],{"class":692},[44,5980,66],{"class":58},[44,5982,3286],{"class":692},[44,5984,2370],{"class":58},[20,5986,111],{},[35,5988,5989],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5990,5991],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5992,5993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5994,3350],{"class":692},[20,5996,5997,5998,6002],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[167,5999,6000],{"href":4794},[15,6001,2948],{}," instead.",[347,6004,6006],{"id":6005},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6008,6009,6010,86],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6011,6012],{},"\"True\"",[35,6014,6016],{"className":37,"code":6015,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6017,6018],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6019,6020,6022,6024,6026,6028,6030,6032,6034],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6021,100],{"class":99},[44,6023,103],{"class":58},[44,6025,4722],{"class":99},[44,6027,2357],{"class":58},[44,6029,236],{"class":235},[44,6031,3046],{"class":239},[44,6033,236],{"class":235},[44,6035,2370],{"class":58},[20,6037,111],{},[35,6039,6040],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6041,6042],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6043,6044],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6045,3350],{"class":692},[20,6047,6048,6049,6052],{},"That is because ",[15,6050,6051],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[347,6054,6056],{"id":6055},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6058,6059],{},"This works:",[35,6061,6063],{"className":37,"code":6062,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6064,6065,6085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6066,6067,6069,6071,6073,6075,6077,6079,6081,6083],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6068,51],{"class":50},[44,6070,55],{"class":54},[44,6072,2993],{"class":58},[44,6074,63],{"class":62},[44,6076,66],{"class":58},[44,6078,69],{"class":62},[44,6080,66],{"class":58},[44,6082,74],{"class":62},[44,6084,3006],{"class":58},[44,6086,6087,6089,6091,6093,6095,6097,6099,6101,6103,6105,6107,6109],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,6088,100],{"class":99},[44,6090,103],{"class":58},[44,6092,4722],{"class":99},[44,6094,2357],{"class":58},[44,6096,2396],{"class":89},[44,6098,3624],{"class":54},[44,6100,69],{"class":62},[44,6102,3246],{"class":3245},[44,6104,3249],{"class":89},[44,6106,3252],{"class":3245},[44,6108,649],{"class":89},[44,6110,2370],{"class":58},[20,6112,6113],{},"But this is usually better:",[35,6115,6117],{"className":37,"code":6116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6118,6119,6139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6120,6121,6123,6125,6127,6129,6131,6133,6135,6137],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6122,51],{"class":50},[44,6124,55],{"class":54},[44,6126,2993],{"class":58},[44,6128,63],{"class":62},[44,6130,66],{"class":58},[44,6132,69],{"class":62},[44,6134,66],{"class":58},[44,6136,74],{"class":62},[44,6138,3006],{"class":58},[44,6140,6141,6143,6145,6147,6149,6151,6153,6155,6157,6159,6161,6163],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,6142,100],{"class":99},[44,6144,103],{"class":58},[44,6146,4722],{"class":99},[44,6148,103],{"class":58},[44,6150,2396],{"class":89},[44,6152,3624],{"class":54},[44,6154,69],{"class":62},[44,6156,3246],{"class":3245},[44,6158,3249],{"class":89},[44,6160,3252],{"class":3245},[44,6162,649],{"class":89},[44,6164,993],{"class":58},[20,6166,6167],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[131,6169,1196],{"id":1195},[347,6171,6173],{"id":6172},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6175,608,6176,6178,6179,86],{},[15,6177,2974],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6180,3046],{},[347,6182,6184],{"id":6183},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6186,6187,772,6189,6191],{},[15,6188,4552],{},[15,6190,3046],{}," for an empty iterable.",[347,6193,6195],{"id":6194},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6197,6198,6200,6201,6203],{},[15,6199,4552],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6202,2948],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[347,6205,6207],{"id":6206},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6209,6210],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[35,6212,6213],{"className":37,"code":5314,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6214,6215],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6216,6217,6219,6221,6223,6225,6227,6229,6231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6218,4722],{"class":99},[44,6220,103],{"class":58},[44,6222,5325],{"class":89},[44,6224,5328],{"class":3245},[44,6226,5331],{"class":89},[44,6228,3252],{"class":3245},[44,6230,5336],{"class":89},[44,6232,108],{"class":58},[20,6234,4841],{},[35,6236,6237],{"className":37,"code":6116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6238,6239,6259],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6240,6241,6243,6245,6247,6249,6251,6253,6255,6257],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6242,51],{"class":50},[44,6244,55],{"class":54},[44,6246,2993],{"class":58},[44,6248,63],{"class":62},[44,6250,66],{"class":58},[44,6252,69],{"class":62},[44,6254,66],{"class":58},[44,6256,74],{"class":62},[44,6258,3006],{"class":58},[44,6260,6261,6263,6265,6267,6269,6271,6273,6275,6277,6279,6281,6283],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,6262,100],{"class":99},[44,6264,103],{"class":58},[44,6266,4722],{"class":99},[44,6268,103],{"class":58},[44,6270,2396],{"class":89},[44,6272,3624],{"class":54},[44,6274,69],{"class":62},[44,6276,3246],{"class":3245},[44,6278,3249],{"class":89},[44,6280,3252],{"class":3245},[44,6282,649],{"class":89},[44,6284,993],{"class":58},[131,6286,1251],{"id":1250},[145,6288,6289,6295,6299,6303,6308],{},[148,6290,6291],{},[167,6292,6293,2878],{"href":4794},[15,6294,2948],{},[148,6296,6297],{},[167,6298,3175],{"href":5147},[148,6300,6301],{},[167,6302,4584],{"href":4956},[148,6304,6305],{},[167,6306,6307],{"href":5568},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[148,6309,6310],{},[167,6311,6312,2878],{"href":5150},[15,6313,3181],{},[1294,6315,6316],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":6318},[6319,6320,6321,6322,6323,6324,6325,6326,6332,6338],{"id":4744,"depth":80,"text":4745},{"id":4799,"depth":80,"text":4800},{"id":3099,"depth":80,"text":3100},{"id":5156,"depth":80,"text":5157},{"id":5299,"depth":80,"text":5300},{"id":5572,"depth":80,"text":5573},{"id":5682,"depth":80,"text":5683},{"id":783,"depth":80,"text":784,"children":6327},[6328,6329,6330,6331],{"id":5894,"depth":96,"text":5895},{"id":5947,"depth":96,"text":5948},{"id":6005,"depth":96,"text":6006},{"id":6055,"depth":96,"text":6056},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":6333},[6334,6335,6336,6337],{"id":6172,"depth":96,"text":6173},{"id":6183,"depth":96,"text":6184},{"id":6194,"depth":96,"text":6195},{"id":6206,"depth":96,"text":6207},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":4647,"description":6339},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6345,"title":6346,"body":6347,"description":8474,"extension":1331,"meta":8475,"navigation":268,"path":8476,"seo":8477,"stem":8478,"__hash__":8479},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6348,"toc":8437},[6349,6352,6361,6371,6373,6470,6472,6501,6517,6521,6526,6529,6539,6545,6551,6567,6569,6577,6584,6588,6591,6606,6611,6629,6634,6636,6684,6686,6703,6707,6713,6716,6751,6753,6859,6861,6898,6902,6910,6912,6932,6934,7055,7057,7086,7089,7112,7114,7122,7130,7134,7140,7144,7185,7187,7195,7198,7226,7228,7236,7240,7269,7271,7279,7311,7313,7321,7325,7376,7378,7386,7394,7398,7401,7454,7456,7477,7484,7488,7494,7497,7505,7527,7529,7537,7545,7568,7570,7578,7583,7588,7600,7602,7643,7654,7658,7667,7670,7673,7732,7735,7787,7790,7795,7811,7817,7819,7824,7832,7835,7857,7859,7867,7872,7875,7910,7912,7920,7924,7929,7967,7979,7982,8036,8044,8048,8051,8073,8082,8085,8126,8128,8151,8157,8162,8177,8179,8197,8200,8219,8221,8239,8243,8249,8328,8331,8345,8352,8354,8358,8365,8369,8373,8377,8382,8386,8391,8395,8402,8404,8434],[10,6350,6346],{"id":6351},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,6353,140,6354,6356,6357,945,6359,86],{},[15,6355,3181],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,6358,2974],{},[15,6360,3046],{},[20,6362,6363,6364,6366,6367,6370],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,6365,3181],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,6368,6369],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[131,6372,2979],{"id":2978},[35,6374,6376],{"className":37,"code":6375,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,6377,6378,6392,6406,6420,6438,6448],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6379,6380,6382,6384,6386,6388,6390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6381,100],{"class":99},[44,6383,103],{"class":58},[44,6385,3236],{"class":121},[44,6387,103],{"class":58},[44,6389,1490],{"class":62},[44,6391,993],{"class":58},[44,6393,6394,6396,6398,6400,6402,6404],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,6395,100],{"class":99},[44,6397,103],{"class":58},[44,6399,3236],{"class":121},[44,6401,103],{"class":58},[44,6403,63],{"class":62},[44,6405,993],{"class":58},[44,6407,6408,6410,6412,6414,6416,6418],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,6409,100],{"class":99},[44,6411,103],{"class":58},[44,6413,3236],{"class":121},[44,6415,103],{"class":58},[44,6417,5643],{"class":235},[44,6419,993],{"class":58},[44,6421,6422,6424,6426,6428,6430,6432,6434,6436],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,6423,100],{"class":99},[44,6425,103],{"class":58},[44,6427,3236],{"class":121},[44,6429,103],{"class":58},[44,6431,236],{"class":235},[44,6433,3214],{"class":239},[44,6435,236],{"class":235},[44,6437,993],{"class":58},[44,6439,6440,6442,6444,6446],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,6441,100],{"class":99},[44,6443,103],{"class":58},[44,6445,3236],{"class":121},[44,6447,3799],{"class":58},[44,6449,6450,6452,6454,6456,6458,6460,6462,6464,6466,6468],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,6451,100],{"class":99},[44,6453,103],{"class":58},[44,6455,3236],{"class":121},[44,6457,2357],{"class":58},[44,6459,63],{"class":62},[44,6461,66],{"class":58},[44,6463,69],{"class":62},[44,6465,66],{"class":58},[44,6467,74],{"class":62},[44,6469,2370],{"class":58},[20,6471,4929],{},[35,6473,6475],{"className":37,"code":6474,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,6476,6477,6481,6485,6489,6493,6497],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6478,6479],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6480,3411],{"class":692},[44,6482,6483],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,6484,3350],{"class":692},[44,6486,6487],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,6488,3411],{"class":692},[44,6490,6491],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,6492,3350],{"class":692},[44,6494,6495],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,6496,3411],{"class":692},[44,6498,6499],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,6500,3350],{"class":692},[20,6502,1462,6503,6506,6507,945,6509,6511,6512,6514,6515,86],{},[15,6504,6505],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,6508,2974],{},[15,6510,3046],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,6513,3046],{},". Most other values become ",[15,6516,2974],{},[131,6518,6520],{"id":6519},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,6522,6523,6525],{},[15,6524,3181],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,6527,6528],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[145,6530,6531,6535],{},[148,6532,6533],{},[15,6534,2974],{},[148,6536,6537],{},[15,6538,3046],{},[20,6540,6541,6542,6544],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,6543,6369],{}," statements.",[20,6546,6547,6548,6550],{},"You can also call ",[15,6549,3181],{}," with no argument:",[35,6552,6554],{"className":37,"code":6553,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool())\n",[15,6555,6556],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6557,6558,6560,6562,6564],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6559,100],{"class":99},[44,6561,103],{"class":58},[44,6563,3236],{"class":121},[44,6565,6566],{"class":58},"())\n",[20,6568,111],{},[35,6570,6571],{"className":37,"code":3411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6572,6573],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6574,6575],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6576,3411],{"class":692},[20,6578,6579,6580,86],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[167,6581,6583],{"href":6582},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[131,6585,6587],{"id":6586},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,6589,6590],{},"The basic syntax is:",[35,6592,6594],{"className":37,"code":6593,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bool(value)\n",[15,6595,6596],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6597,6598,6600,6602,6604],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6599,3236],{"class":121},[44,6601,103],{"class":58},[44,6603,1843],{"class":89},[44,6605,108],{"class":58},[20,6607,140,6608,6610],{},[15,6609,1843],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[145,6612,6613,6615,6617,6619,6621,6624,6626],{},[148,6614,83],{},[148,6616,4677],{},[148,6618,4668],{},[148,6620,4671],{},[148,6622,6623],{},"dictionaries",[148,6625,4674],{},[148,6627,6628],{},"other objects",[20,6630,6631,6632,86],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,6633,3046],{},[20,6635,1578],{},[35,6637,6639],{"className":37,"code":6638,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,6640,6641,6655,6674],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6642,6643,6645,6647,6649,6651,6653],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6644,100],{"class":99},[44,6646,103],{"class":58},[44,6648,3236],{"class":121},[44,6650,103],{"class":58},[44,6652,1701],{"class":62},[44,6654,993],{"class":58},[44,6656,6657,6659,6661,6663,6665,6667,6670,6672],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,6658,100],{"class":99},[44,6660,103],{"class":58},[44,6662,3236],{"class":121},[44,6664,103],{"class":58},[44,6666,236],{"class":235},[44,6668,6669],{"class":239},"Python",[44,6671,236],{"class":235},[44,6673,993],{"class":58},[44,6675,6676,6678,6680,6682],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,6677,100],{"class":99},[44,6679,103],{"class":58},[44,6681,3236],{"class":121},[44,6683,6566],{"class":58},[20,6685,111],{},[35,6687,6689],{"className":37,"code":6688,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,6690,6691,6695,6699],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6692,6693],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6694,3350],{"class":692},[44,6696,6697],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,6698,3350],{"class":692},[44,6700,6701],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,6702,3411],{"class":692},[131,6704,6706],{"id":6705},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,6708,6709,6710,6712],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[30,6711,4966],{}," values.",[20,6714,6715],{},"Common examples:",[145,6717,6718,6722,6726,6730,6734,6739,6743,6747],{},[148,6719,6720],{},[15,6721,1490],{},[148,6723,6724],{},[15,6725,3139],{},[148,6727,6728],{},[15,6729,5643],{},[148,6731,6732],{},[15,6733,3157],{},[148,6735,6736],{},[15,6737,6738],{},"()",[148,6740,6741],{},[15,6742,957],{},[148,6744,6745],{},[15,6746,330],{},[148,6748,6749],{},[15,6750,159],{},[20,6752,1578],{},[35,6754,6756],{"className":37,"code":6755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,6757,6758,6772,6786,6800,6810,6820,6831,6845],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6759,6760,6762,6764,6766,6768,6770],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6761,100],{"class":99},[44,6763,103],{"class":58},[44,6765,3236],{"class":121},[44,6767,103],{"class":58},[44,6769,1490],{"class":62},[44,6771,993],{"class":58},[44,6773,6774,6776,6778,6780,6782,6784],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,6775,100],{"class":99},[44,6777,103],{"class":58},[44,6779,3236],{"class":121},[44,6781,103],{"class":58},[44,6783,3139],{"class":62},[44,6785,993],{"class":58},[44,6787,6788,6790,6792,6794,6796,6798],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,6789,100],{"class":99},[44,6791,103],{"class":58},[44,6793,3236],{"class":121},[44,6795,103],{"class":58},[44,6797,5643],{"class":235},[44,6799,993],{"class":58},[44,6801,6802,6804,6806,6808],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,6803,100],{"class":99},[44,6805,103],{"class":58},[44,6807,3236],{"class":121},[44,6809,3799],{"class":58},[44,6811,6812,6814,6816,6818],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,6813,100],{"class":99},[44,6815,103],{"class":58},[44,6817,3236],{"class":121},[44,6819,3857],{"class":58},[44,6821,6822,6824,6826,6828],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,6823,100],{"class":99},[44,6825,103],{"class":58},[44,6827,3236],{"class":121},[44,6829,6830],{"class":58},"({}))\n",[44,6832,6833,6835,6837,6839,6841,6843],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,6834,100],{"class":99},[44,6836,103],{"class":58},[44,6838,3236],{"class":121},[44,6840,103],{"class":58},[44,6842,122],{"class":121},[44,6844,5660],{"class":58},[44,6846,6847,6849,6851,6853,6855,6857],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,6848,100],{"class":99},[44,6850,103],{"class":58},[44,6852,3236],{"class":121},[44,6854,103],{"class":58},[44,6856,159],{"class":692},[44,6858,993],{"class":58},[20,6860,111],{},[35,6862,6864],{"className":37,"code":6863,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6865,6866,6870,6874,6878,6882,6886,6890,6894],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6867,6868],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6869,3411],{"class":692},[44,6871,6872],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,6873,3411],{"class":692},[44,6875,6876],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,6877,3411],{"class":692},[44,6879,6880],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,6881,3411],{"class":692},[44,6883,6884],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,6885,3411],{"class":692},[44,6887,6888],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,6889,3411],{"class":692},[44,6891,6892],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,6893,3411],{"class":692},[44,6895,6896],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,6897,3411],{"class":692},[131,6899,6901],{"id":6900},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,6903,6904,6905,6907,6908,6712],{},"Many values become ",[15,6906,2974],{},". These are often called ",[30,6909,4963],{},[20,6911,6715],{},[145,6913,6914,6917,6920,6923,6926,6929],{},[148,6915,6916],{},"non-zero numbers",[148,6918,6919],{},"non-empty strings",[148,6921,6922],{},"non-empty lists",[148,6924,6925],{},"non-empty tuples",[148,6927,6928],{},"non-empty sets",[148,6930,6931],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,6933,1578],{},[35,6935,6937],{"className":37,"code":6936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,6938,6939,6953,6969,6987,7009,7027],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6940,6941,6943,6945,6947,6949,6951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6942,100],{"class":99},[44,6944,103],{"class":58},[44,6946,3236],{"class":121},[44,6948,103],{"class":58},[44,6950,1507],{"class":62},[44,6952,993],{"class":58},[44,6954,6955,6957,6959,6961,6963,6965,6967],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,6956,100],{"class":99},[44,6958,103],{"class":58},[44,6960,3236],{"class":121},[44,6962,103],{"class":58},[44,6964,1391],{"class":54},[44,6966,1426],{"class":62},[44,6968,993],{"class":58},[44,6970,6971,6973,6975,6977,6979,6981,6983,6985],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,6972,100],{"class":99},[44,6974,103],{"class":58},[44,6976,3236],{"class":121},[44,6978,103],{"class":58},[44,6980,236],{"class":235},[44,6982,3214],{"class":239},[44,6984,236],{"class":235},[44,6986,993],{"class":58},[44,6988,6989,6991,6993,6995,6997,6999,7001,7003,7005,7007],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,6990,100],{"class":99},[44,6992,103],{"class":58},[44,6994,3236],{"class":121},[44,6996,2357],{"class":58},[44,6998,63],{"class":62},[44,7000,66],{"class":58},[44,7002,69],{"class":62},[44,7004,66],{"class":58},[44,7006,74],{"class":62},[44,7008,2370],{"class":58},[44,7010,7011,7013,7015,7017,7019,7021,7023,7025],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,7012,100],{"class":99},[44,7014,103],{"class":58},[44,7016,3236],{"class":121},[44,7018,4880],{"class":58},[44,7020,63],{"class":62},[44,7022,66],{"class":58},[44,7024,69],{"class":62},[44,7026,2283],{"class":58},[44,7028,7029,7031,7033,7035,7037,7039,7042,7044,7046,7048,7051,7053],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,7030,100],{"class":99},[44,7032,103],{"class":58},[44,7034,3236],{"class":121},[44,7036,4899],{"class":58},[44,7038,236],{"class":235},[44,7040,7041],{"class":239},"name",[44,7043,236],{"class":235},[44,7045,2255],{"class":58},[44,7047,247],{"class":235},[44,7049,7050],{"class":239},"Sam",[44,7052,236],{"class":235},[44,7054,4908],{"class":58},[20,7056,111],{},[35,7058,7060],{"className":37,"code":7059,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7061,7062,7066,7070,7074,7078,7082],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7063,7064],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7065,3350],{"class":692},[44,7067,7068],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,7069,3350],{"class":692},[44,7071,7072],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,7073,3350],{"class":692},[44,7075,7076],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,7077,3350],{"class":692},[44,7079,7080],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,7081,3350],{"class":692},[44,7083,7084],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,7085,3350],{"class":692},[20,7087,7088],{},"One important example is this:",[35,7090,7092],{"className":37,"code":7091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7093,7094],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7095,7096,7098,7100,7102,7104,7106,7108,7110],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7097,100],{"class":99},[44,7099,103],{"class":58},[44,7101,3236],{"class":121},[44,7103,103],{"class":58},[44,7105,236],{"class":235},[44,7107,3046],{"class":239},[44,7109,236],{"class":235},[44,7111,993],{"class":58},[20,7113,111],{},[35,7115,7116],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7117,7118],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7119,7120],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7121,3350],{"class":692},[20,7123,7124,7125,7127,7128,86],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7126,6051],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7129,2974],{},[131,7131,7133],{"id":7132},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7135,7136,7137,7139],{},"You can use ",[15,7138,3181],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[347,7141,7143],{"id":7142},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[35,7145,7147],{"className":37,"code":7146,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7148,7149,7171],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7150,7151,7153,7155,7157,7159,7161,7164,7166,7169],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7152,362],{"class":50},[44,7154,55],{"class":54},[44,7156,2993],{"class":58},[44,7158,1701],{"class":62},[44,7160,66],{"class":58},[44,7162,7163],{"class":62}," 20",[44,7165,66],{"class":58},[44,7167,7168],{"class":62}," 30",[44,7170,3006],{"class":58},[44,7172,7173,7175,7177,7179,7181,7183],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,7174,100],{"class":99},[44,7176,103],{"class":58},[44,7178,3236],{"class":121},[44,7180,103],{"class":58},[44,7182,397],{"class":89},[44,7184,993],{"class":58},[20,7186,111],{},[35,7188,7189],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7190,7191],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7192,7193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7194,3350],{"class":692},[20,7196,7197],{},"With an empty list:",[35,7199,7201],{"className":37,"code":7200,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7202,7203,7212],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7204,7205,7207,7209],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7206,362],{"class":50},[44,7208,55],{"class":54},[44,7210,7211],{"class":58}," []\n",[44,7213,7214,7216,7218,7220,7222,7224],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,7215,100],{"class":99},[44,7217,103],{"class":58},[44,7219,3236],{"class":121},[44,7221,103],{"class":58},[44,7223,397],{"class":89},[44,7225,993],{"class":58},[20,7227,111],{},[35,7229,7230],{"className":37,"code":3411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7231,7232],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7233,7234],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7235,3411],{"class":692},[347,7237,7239],{"id":7238},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[35,7241,7243],{"className":37,"code":7242,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7244,7245,7255],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7246,7247,7250,7252],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7248,7249],{"class":50},"name ",[44,7251,55],{"class":54},[44,7253,7254],{"class":235}," \"\"\n",[44,7256,7257,7259,7261,7263,7265,7267],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,7258,100],{"class":99},[44,7260,103],{"class":58},[44,7262,3236],{"class":121},[44,7264,103],{"class":58},[44,7266,7041],{"class":89},[44,7268,993],{"class":58},[20,7270,111],{},[35,7272,7273],{"className":37,"code":3411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7274,7275],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7276,7277],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7278,3411],{"class":692},[35,7280,7282],{"className":37,"code":7281,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7283,7284,7297],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7285,7286,7288,7290,7292,7295],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7287,7249],{"class":50},[44,7289,55],{"class":54},[44,7291,247],{"class":235},[44,7293,7294],{"class":239},"Mia",[44,7296,2727],{"class":235},[44,7298,7299,7301,7303,7305,7307,7309],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,7300,100],{"class":99},[44,7302,103],{"class":58},[44,7304,3236],{"class":121},[44,7306,103],{"class":58},[44,7308,7041],{"class":89},[44,7310,993],{"class":58},[20,7312,111],{},[35,7314,7315],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7316,7317],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7318,7319],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7320,3350],{"class":692},[347,7322,7324],{"id":7323},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[35,7326,7328],{"className":37,"code":7327,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7329,7330,7344,7361,7365],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7331,7332,7335,7337,7339,7342],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7333,7334],{"class":50},"username ",[44,7336,55],{"class":54},[44,7338,247],{"class":235},[44,7340,7341],{"class":239},"alex",[44,7343,2727],{"class":235},[44,7345,7346,7349,7351,7354,7356,7359],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,7347,7348],{"class":50},"has_name ",[44,7350,55],{"class":54},[44,7352,7353],{"class":121}," bool",[44,7355,103],{"class":58},[44,7357,7358],{"class":89},"username",[44,7360,108],{"class":58},[44,7362,7363],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,7364,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,7366,7367,7369,7371,7374],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,7368,100],{"class":99},[44,7370,103],{"class":58},[44,7372,7373],{"class":89},"has_name",[44,7375,108],{"class":58},[20,7377,111],{},[35,7379,7380],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7381,7382],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7383,7384],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7385,3350],{"class":692},[20,7387,7388,7389,945,7391,7393],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,7390,2974],{},[15,7392,3046],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[347,7395,7397],{"id":7396},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,7399,7400],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[35,7402,7404],{"className":37,"code":7403,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,7405,7406,7426,7430,7438],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7407,7408,7410,7412,7414,7416,7418,7420,7422,7424],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7409,51],{"class":50},[44,7411,55],{"class":54},[44,7413,2993],{"class":58},[44,7415,63],{"class":62},[44,7417,66],{"class":58},[44,7419,69],{"class":62},[44,7421,66],{"class":58},[44,7423,74],{"class":62},[44,7425,3006],{"class":58},[44,7427,7428],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,7429,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,7431,7432,7434,7436],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,7433,6369],{"class":3245},[44,7435,649],{"class":50},[44,7437,5764],{"class":58},[44,7439,7440,7443,7445,7447,7450,7452],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,7441,7442],{"class":99},"    print",[44,7444,103],{"class":58},[44,7446,236],{"class":235},[44,7448,7449],{"class":239},"The list is not empty",[44,7451,236],{"class":235},[44,7453,108],{"class":58},[20,7455,111],{},[35,7457,7459],{"className":37,"code":7458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The list is not empty\n",[15,7460,7461],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7462,7463,7465,7468,7471,7474],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7464,140],{"class":50},[44,7466,7467],{"class":121},"list",[44,7469,7470],{"class":54}," is",[44,7472,7473],{"class":54}," not",[44,7475,7476],{"class":50}," empty\n",[20,7478,7479,7480,86],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[167,7481,7483],{"href":7482},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[131,7485,7487],{"id":7486},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,7489,7490,7491,7493],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,7492,3181],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,7495,7496],{},"It does not do that.",[347,7498,7500,772,7503],{"id":7499},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,7501,7502],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,7504,2974],{},[35,7506,7507],{"className":37,"code":7091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7508,7509],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7510,7511,7513,7515,7517,7519,7521,7523,7525],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7512,100],{"class":99},[44,7514,103],{"class":58},[44,7516,3236],{"class":121},[44,7518,103],{"class":58},[44,7520,236],{"class":235},[44,7522,3046],{"class":239},[44,7524,236],{"class":235},[44,7526,993],{"class":58},[20,7528,111],{},[35,7530,7531],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7532,7533],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7534,7535],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7536,3350],{"class":692},[347,7538,7540,772,7543],{"id":7539},"bool0-returns-true",[15,7541,7542],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,7544,2974],{},[35,7546,7548],{"className":37,"code":7547,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,7549,7550],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7551,7552,7554,7556,7558,7560,7562,7564,7566],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7553,100],{"class":99},[44,7555,103],{"class":58},[44,7557,3236],{"class":121},[44,7559,103],{"class":58},[44,7561,236],{"class":235},[44,7563,1490],{"class":239},[44,7565,236],{"class":235},[44,7567,993],{"class":58},[20,7569,111],{},[35,7571,7572],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7573,7574],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7575,7576],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7577,3350],{"class":692},[20,7579,7580,7581,86],{},"This happens because both values are ",[30,7582,6919],{},[20,7584,7585,7587],{},[15,7586,3181],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,7589,7590,7591,7596,7597,7599],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[167,7592,7594],{"href":7593},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,7595,2329],{},", because ",[15,7598,2329],{}," always returns a string.",[20,7601,1578],{},[35,7603,7605],{"className":37,"code":7604,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,7606,7607,7628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7608,7609,7612,7614,7617,7619,7621,7624,7626],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7610,7611],{"class":50},"user_value ",[44,7613,55],{"class":54},[44,7615,7616],{"class":99}," input",[44,7618,103],{"class":58},[44,7620,236],{"class":235},[44,7622,7623],{"class":239},"Enter True or False: ",[44,7625,236],{"class":235},[44,7627,108],{"class":58},[44,7629,7630,7632,7634,7636,7638,7641],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,7631,100],{"class":99},[44,7633,103],{"class":58},[44,7635,3236],{"class":121},[44,7637,103],{"class":58},[44,7639,7640],{"class":89},"user_value",[44,7642,993],{"class":58},[20,7644,7645,7646,7648,7649,7596,7651,7653],{},"If the user types ",[15,7647,3046],{},", the result will still be ",[15,7650,2974],{},[15,7652,6051],{}," is not empty.",[131,7655,7657],{"id":7656},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,7659,7660,7661,7663,7664,7666],{},"In many ",[15,7662,6369],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,7665,3181],{}," yourself.",[20,7668,7669],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,7671,7672],{},"Instead of this:",[35,7674,7676],{"className":37,"code":7675,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,7677,7678,7699,7703,7717],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7679,7680,7683,7685,7687,7689,7691,7693,7695,7697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7681,7682],{"class":50},"my_list ",[44,7684,55],{"class":54},[44,7686,2993],{"class":58},[44,7688,63],{"class":62},[44,7690,66],{"class":58},[44,7692,69],{"class":62},[44,7694,66],{"class":58},[44,7696,74],{"class":62},[44,7698,3006],{"class":58},[44,7700,7701],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,7702,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,7704,7705,7707,7709,7711,7714],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,7706,6369],{"class":3245},[44,7708,7353],{"class":121},[44,7710,103],{"class":58},[44,7712,7713],{"class":89},"my_list",[44,7715,7716],{"class":58},"):\n",[44,7718,7719,7721,7723,7725,7728,7730],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,7720,7442],{"class":99},[44,7722,103],{"class":58},[44,7724,236],{"class":235},[44,7726,7727],{"class":239},"List has items",[44,7729,236],{"class":235},[44,7731,108],{"class":58},[20,7733,7734],{},"You can simply write:",[35,7736,7738],{"className":37,"code":7737,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,7739,7740,7760,7764,7773],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7741,7742,7744,7746,7748,7750,7752,7754,7756,7758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7743,7682],{"class":50},[44,7745,55],{"class":54},[44,7747,2993],{"class":58},[44,7749,63],{"class":62},[44,7751,66],{"class":58},[44,7753,69],{"class":62},[44,7755,66],{"class":58},[44,7757,74],{"class":62},[44,7759,3006],{"class":58},[44,7761,7762],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,7763,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,7765,7766,7768,7771],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,7767,6369],{"class":3245},[44,7769,7770],{"class":50}," my_list",[44,7772,5764],{"class":58},[44,7774,7775,7777,7779,7781,7783,7785],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,7776,7442],{"class":99},[44,7778,103],{"class":58},[44,7780,236],{"class":235},[44,7782,7727],{"class":239},[44,7784,236],{"class":235},[44,7786,108],{"class":58},[20,7788,7789],{},"Both examples work.",[20,7791,350,7792,7794],{},[15,7793,3181],{}," is still helpful when:",[145,7796,7797,7800,7808],{},[148,7798,7799],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[148,7801,7802,7803,945,7805,7807],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,7804,2974],{},[15,7806,3046],{}," value",[148,7809,7810],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,7812,7813,7814,86],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[167,7815,7816],{"href":1669},"Python type() function explained",[131,7818,2200],{"id":2199},[20,7820,7821,7822,86],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,7823,3181],{},[347,7825,923,7827,7829,7830],{"id":7826},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,7828,7502],{}," to return ",[15,7831,3046],{},[20,7833,7834],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[35,7836,7837],{"className":37,"code":7091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7838,7839],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7840,7841,7843,7845,7847,7849,7851,7853,7855],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7842,100],{"class":99},[44,7844,103],{"class":58},[44,7846,3236],{"class":121},[44,7848,103],{"class":58},[44,7850,236],{"class":235},[44,7852,3046],{"class":239},[44,7854,236],{"class":235},[44,7856,993],{"class":58},[20,7858,111],{},[35,7860,7861],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7862,7863],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7864,7865],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7866,3350],{"class":692},[20,7868,7869,7870,6052],{},"Why? Because ",[15,7871,6051],{},[20,7873,7874],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[35,7876,7878],{"className":37,"code":7877,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,7879,7880,7892],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7881,7882,7884,7886,7888,7890],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7883,1817],{"class":50},[44,7885,55],{"class":54},[44,7887,247],{"class":235},[44,7889,3046],{"class":239},[44,7891,2727],{"class":235},[44,7893,7894,7896,7898,7900,7902,7904,7906,7908],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,7895,100],{"class":99},[44,7897,103],{"class":58},[44,7899,1817],{"class":89},[44,7901,4058],{"class":54},[44,7903,247],{"class":235},[44,7905,2974],{"class":239},[44,7907,236],{"class":235},[44,7909,108],{"class":58},[20,7911,111],{},[35,7913,7914],{"className":37,"code":3411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7915,7916],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7917,7918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7919,3411],{"class":692},[347,7921,7923],{"id":7922},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,7925,7926,7928],{},[15,7927,2329],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[35,7930,7932],{"className":37,"code":7931,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,7933,7934,7953],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7935,7936,7938,7940,7942,7944,7946,7949,7951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7937,1817],{"class":50},[44,7939,55],{"class":54},[44,7941,7616],{"class":99},[44,7943,103],{"class":58},[44,7945,236],{"class":235},[44,7947,7948],{"class":239},"Enter yes or no: ",[44,7950,236],{"class":235},[44,7952,108],{"class":58},[44,7954,7955,7957,7959,7961,7963,7965],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,7956,100],{"class":99},[44,7958,103],{"class":58},[44,7960,3236],{"class":121},[44,7962,103],{"class":58},[44,7964,1843],{"class":89},[44,7966,993],{"class":58},[20,7968,7645,7969,7972,7973,7975,7976,7653],{},[15,7970,7971],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,7974,2974],{}," because ",[15,7977,7978],{},"\"no\"",[20,7980,7981],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[35,7983,7985],{"className":37,"code":7984,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,7986,7987,8017],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7988,7989,7991,7993,7995,7997,7999,8001,8003,8006,8009,8012,8015],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7990,1817],{"class":50},[44,7992,55],{"class":54},[44,7994,7616],{"class":99},[44,7996,103],{"class":58},[44,7998,236],{"class":235},[44,8000,7948],{"class":239},[44,8002,236],{"class":235},[44,8004,8005],{"class":58},").",[44,8007,8008],{"class":89},"strip",[44,8010,8011],{"class":58},"().",[44,8013,8014],{"class":89},"lower",[44,8016,93],{"class":58},[44,8018,8019,8021,8023,8025,8027,8029,8032,8034],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,8020,100],{"class":99},[44,8022,103],{"class":58},[44,8024,1817],{"class":89},[44,8026,4058],{"class":54},[44,8028,247],{"class":235},[44,8030,8031],{"class":239},"yes",[44,8033,236],{"class":235},[44,8035,108],{"class":58},[20,8037,8038,8039,8041,8042,86],{},"This gives ",[15,8040,2974],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8043,8031],{},[347,8045,8047],{"id":8046},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8049,8050],{},"These are different:",[145,8052,8053,8057,8061,8065,8069],{},[148,8054,8055],{},[15,8056,3046],{},[148,8058,8059],{},[15,8060,1490],{},[148,8062,8063],{},[15,8064,5643],{},[148,8066,8067],{},[15,8068,3157],{},[148,8070,8071],{},[15,8072,159],{},[20,8074,8075,8076,8078,8079,8081],{},"They all become ",[15,8077,3046],{}," with ",[15,8080,3181],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8083,8084],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[35,8086,8088],{"className":37,"code":8087,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8089,8090,8098,8112],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8091,8092,8094,8096],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8093,1817],{"class":50},[44,8095,55],{"class":54},[44,8097,7211],{"class":58},[44,8099,8100,8102,8104,8106,8108,8110],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,8101,100],{"class":99},[44,8103,103],{"class":58},[44,8105,985],{"class":121},[44,8107,103],{"class":58},[44,8109,1843],{"class":89},[44,8111,993],{"class":58},[44,8113,8114,8116,8118,8120,8122,8124],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,8115,100],{"class":99},[44,8117,103],{"class":58},[44,8119,3236],{"class":121},[44,8121,103],{"class":58},[44,8123,1843],{"class":89},[44,8125,993],{"class":58},[20,8127,111],{},[35,8129,8131],{"className":37,"code":8130,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8132,8133,8147],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8134,8135,8137,8139,8141,8143,8145],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8136,1005],{"class":54},[44,8138,1009],{"class":1008},[44,8140,1012],{"class":235},[44,8142,7467],{"class":239},[44,8144,1018],{"class":235},[44,8146,1021],{"class":54},[44,8148,8149],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,8150,3411],{"class":692},[347,8152,350,8154,8156],{"id":8153},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8155,957],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8158,8159,8160,1026],{},"In Python, ",[15,8161,957],{},[35,8163,8165],{"className":37,"code":8164,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8166,8167],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8168,8169,8171,8173,8175],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8170,100],{"class":99},[44,8172,103],{"class":58},[44,8174,985],{"class":121},[44,8176,6830],{"class":58},[20,8178,111],{},[35,8180,8181],{"className":37,"code":998,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8182,8183],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8184,8185,8187,8189,8191,8193,8195],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8186,1005],{"class":54},[44,8188,1009],{"class":1008},[44,8190,1012],{"class":235},[44,8192,1015],{"class":239},[44,8194,1018],{"class":235},[44,8196,1021],{"class":54},[20,8198,8199],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[35,8201,8203],{"className":37,"code":8202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8204,8205],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8206,8207,8209,8211,8213,8215,8217],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8208,100],{"class":99},[44,8210,103],{"class":58},[44,8212,985],{"class":121},[44,8214,103],{"class":58},[44,8216,122],{"class":121},[44,8218,5660],{"class":58},[20,8220,111],{},[35,8222,8223],{"className":37,"code":1065,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8224,8225],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8226,8227,8229,8231,8233,8235,8237],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8228,1005],{"class":54},[44,8230,1009],{"class":1008},[44,8232,1012],{"class":235},[44,8234,122],{"class":239},[44,8236,1018],{"class":235},[44,8238,1021],{"class":54},[131,8240,8242],{"id":8241},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8244,8245,8246,8248],{},"If ",[15,8247,3181],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[35,8250,8252],{"className":37,"code":8251,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8253,8254,8268,8282,8292,8310],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8255,8256,8258,8260,8262,8264,8266],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8257,100],{"class":99},[44,8259,103],{"class":58},[44,8261,3236],{"class":121},[44,8263,103],{"class":58},[44,8265,1843],{"class":89},[44,8267,993],{"class":58},[44,8269,8270,8272,8274,8276,8278,8280],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,8271,100],{"class":99},[44,8273,103],{"class":58},[44,8275,985],{"class":121},[44,8277,103],{"class":58},[44,8279,1843],{"class":89},[44,8281,993],{"class":58},[44,8283,8284,8286,8288,8290],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,8285,100],{"class":99},[44,8287,103],{"class":58},[44,8289,1843],{"class":89},[44,8291,108],{"class":58},[44,8293,8294,8296,8298,8300,8302,8304,8306,8308],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,8295,100],{"class":99},[44,8297,103],{"class":58},[44,8299,1817],{"class":89},[44,8301,4058],{"class":54},[44,8303,247],{"class":235},[44,8305,2974],{"class":239},[44,8307,236],{"class":235},[44,8309,108],{"class":58},[44,8311,8312,8314,8316,8318,8320,8322,8324,8326],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,8313,100],{"class":99},[44,8315,103],{"class":58},[44,8317,1843],{"class":89},[44,8319,86],{"class":58},[44,8321,8008],{"class":89},[44,8323,8011],{"class":58},[44,8325,8014],{"class":89},[44,8327,6566],{"class":58},[20,8329,8330],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[145,8332,8333,8336,8339,8342],{},[148,8334,8335],{},"what the value really is",[148,8337,8338],{},"whether it is a string",[148,8340,8341],{},"whether it contains spaces",[148,8343,8344],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,8346,8347,8348,86],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[167,8349,8351],{"href":8350},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[131,8353,1196],{"id":1195},[347,8355,8357],{"id":8356},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,8359,8360,8361,945,8363,86],{},"It returns either ",[15,8362,2974],{},[15,8364,3046],{},[347,8366,8368],{"id":8367},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,8370,608,8371,86],{},[15,8372,3046],{},[347,8374,8376],{"id":8375},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,8378,8379,8380,86],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,8381,2974],{},[347,8383,8385],{"id":8384},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,8387,8388,8389,86],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,8390,3046],{},[347,8392,8394],{"id":8393},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,8396,8397,8398,945,8400,3108],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,8399,2974],{},[15,8401,3046],{},[131,8403,1251],{"id":1250},[145,8405,8406,8411,8415,8420,8424,8429],{},[148,8407,8408],{},[167,8409,8410],{"href":5147},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[148,8412,8413],{},[167,8414,7483],{"href":7482},[148,8416,8417],{},[167,8418,8419],{"href":7593},"Python input() function explained",[148,8421,8422],{},[167,8423,7816],{"href":1669},[148,8425,8426],{},[167,8427,8428],{"href":8350},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[148,8430,8431],{},[167,8432,8433],{"href":6582},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1294,8435,8436],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":8438},[8439,8440,8441,8442,8443,8444,8450,8456,8457,8465,8466,8473],{"id":2978,"depth":80,"text":2979},{"id":6519,"depth":80,"text":6520},{"id":6586,"depth":80,"text":6587},{"id":6705,"depth":80,"text":6706},{"id":6900,"depth":80,"text":6901},{"id":7132,"depth":80,"text":7133,"children":8445},[8446,8447,8448,8449],{"id":7142,"depth":96,"text":7143},{"id":7238,"depth":96,"text":7239},{"id":7323,"depth":96,"text":7324},{"id":7396,"depth":96,"text":7397},{"id":7486,"depth":80,"text":7487,"children":8451},[8452,8454],{"id":7499,"depth":96,"text":8453},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":7539,"depth":96,"text":8455},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":7656,"depth":80,"text":7657},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200,"children":8458},[8459,8461,8462,8463],{"id":7826,"depth":96,"text":8460},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":7922,"depth":96,"text":7923},{"id":8046,"depth":96,"text":8047},{"id":8153,"depth":96,"text":8464},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8241,"depth":80,"text":8242},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":8467},[8468,8469,8470,8471,8472],{"id":8356,"depth":96,"text":8357},{"id":8367,"depth":96,"text":8368},{"id":8375,"depth":96,"text":8376},{"id":8384,"depth":96,"text":8385},{"id":8393,"depth":96,"text":8394},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6346,"description":8474},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8481,"title":8482,"body":8483,"description":10672,"extension":1331,"meta":10673,"navigation":268,"path":10674,"seo":10675,"stem":10676,"__hash__":10677},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8484,"toc":10634},[8485,8491,8497,8504,8509,8520,8527,8636,8640,8707,8712,8717,8722,8725,8736,8741,8744,8755,8762,8764,8769,8773,8798,8802,8811,8815,8878,8882,8915,8919,8964,8968,9005,9009,9012,9068,9072,9118,9121,9126,9165,9169,9192,9195,9208,9220,9224,9229,9296,9300,9336,9339,9347,9350,9414,9418,9450,9456,9458,9518,9525,9528,9606,9610,9643,9647,9650,9694,9698,9734,9737,9754,9757,9760,9813,9816,9827,9834,9843,9846,9903,9907,9948,9956,9964,9970,9978,9990,9995,10006,10079,10082,10094,10109,10113,10117,10121,10123,10166,10172,10175,10238,10242,10245,10254,10259,10296,10300,10303,10311,10314,10353,10357,10360,10411,10415,10436,10443,10445,10451,10478,10481,10536,10539,10550,10552,10559,10567,10573,10578,10585,10588,10595,10602,10604,10631],[10,8486,2945,8488,2949],{"id":8487},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,8489,8490],{},"dict()",[20,8492,8493,8494,8496],{},"The built-in ",[15,8495,8490],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,8498,8499,8500,8503],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[30,8501,8502],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,8505,8506,8508],{},[15,8507,8490],{}," is commonly used to:",[145,8510,8511,8514,8517],{},[148,8512,8513],{},"create an empty dictionary",[148,8515,8516],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[148,8518,8519],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8521,8522,8523,86],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[167,8524,8526],{"href":8525},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[35,8528,8530],{"className":37,"code":8529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,8531,8532,8567,8578,8582,8621],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8533,8534,8537,8539,8542,8544,8547,8549,8551,8553,8555,8557,8560,8562,8565],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8535,8536],{"class":50},"data ",[44,8538,55],{"class":54},[44,8540,8541],{"class":121}," dict",[44,8543,103],{"class":58},[44,8545,7041],{"class":8546},"s99_P",[44,8548,55],{"class":54},[44,8550,1018],{"class":235},[44,8552,4374],{"class":239},[44,8554,1018],{"class":235},[44,8556,66],{"class":58},[44,8558,8559],{"class":8546}," age",[44,8561,55],{"class":54},[44,8563,8564],{"class":62},"25",[44,8566,108],{"class":58},[44,8568,8569,8571,8573,8576],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,8570,100],{"class":99},[44,8572,103],{"class":58},[44,8574,8575],{"class":89},"data",[44,8577,108],{"class":58},[44,8579,8580],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,8581,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,8583,8584,8587,8589,8592,8594,8596,8598,8600,8602,8605,8608,8610,8612,8614,8616,8618],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,8585,8586],{"class":50},"pairs ",[44,8588,55],{"class":54},[44,8590,8591],{"class":58}," [(",[44,8593,1018],{"class":235},[44,8595,167],{"class":239},[44,8597,1018],{"class":235},[44,8599,66],{"class":58},[44,8601,4867],{"class":62},[44,8603,8604],{"class":58},"),",[44,8606,8607],{"class":58}," (",[44,8609,1018],{"class":235},[44,8611,1164],{"class":239},[44,8613,1018],{"class":235},[44,8615,66],{"class":58},[44,8617,69],{"class":62},[44,8619,8620],{"class":58},")]\n",[44,8622,8623,8625,8627,8629,8631,8634],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,8624,100],{"class":99},[44,8626,103],{"class":58},[44,8628,1015],{"class":121},[44,8630,103],{"class":58},[44,8632,8633],{"class":89},"pairs",[44,8635,993],{"class":58},[20,8637,8638],{},[30,8639,111],{},[35,8641,8643],{"className":37,"code":8642,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,8644,8645,8679],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8646,8647,8649,8651,8653,8655,8657,8659,8661,8663,8665,8667,8670,8672,8674,8677],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8648,550],{"class":58},[44,8650,1018],{"class":235},[44,8652,7041],{"class":239},[44,8654,1018],{"class":235},[44,8656,2255],{"class":58},[44,8658,1012],{"class":235},[44,8660,4374],{"class":239},[44,8662,1018],{"class":235},[44,8664,66],{"class":58},[44,8666,1012],{"class":235},[44,8668,8669],{"class":239},"age",[44,8671,1018],{"class":235},[44,8673,2255],{"class":58},[44,8675,8676],{"class":62}," 25",[44,8678,77],{"class":58},[44,8680,8681,8683,8685,8687,8689,8691,8693,8695,8697,8699,8701,8703,8705],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,8682,550],{"class":58},[44,8684,1018],{"class":235},[44,8686,167],{"class":239},[44,8688,1018],{"class":235},[44,8690,2255],{"class":58},[44,8692,4867],{"class":62},[44,8694,66],{"class":58},[44,8696,1012],{"class":235},[44,8698,1164],{"class":239},[44,8700,1018],{"class":235},[44,8702,2255],{"class":58},[44,8704,69],{"class":62},[44,8706,77],{"class":58},[20,8708,1462,8709,8711],{},[15,8710,8490],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[131,8713,134,8715,137],{"id":8714},"what-dict-does",[15,8716,8490],{},[20,8718,8719,8721],{},[15,8720,8490],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,8723,8724],{},"A dictionary:",[145,8726,8727,8730,8733],{},[148,8728,8729],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[148,8731,8732],{},"lets you look up values by key",[148,8734,8735],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,8737,8738,8740],{},[15,8739,8490],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,8742,8743],{},"Common uses include:",[145,8745,8746,8749,8752],{},[148,8747,8748],{},"making an empty dictionary",[148,8750,8751],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[148,8753,8754],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8756,8757,8758,86],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[167,8759,8761],{"href":8760},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[131,8763,175],{"id":174},[20,8765,8766,8768],{},[15,8767,8490],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[347,8770,8772],{"id":8771},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[35,8774,8776],{"className":37,"code":8775,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,8777,8778,8788],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8779,8780,8782,8784,8786],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8781,8536],{"class":50},[44,8783,55],{"class":54},[44,8785,8541],{"class":121},[44,8787,93],{"class":58},[44,8789,8790,8792,8794,8796],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,8791,100],{"class":99},[44,8793,103],{"class":58},[44,8795,8575],{"class":89},[44,8797,108],{"class":58},[20,8799,8800],{},[30,8801,111],{},[35,8803,8805],{"className":37,"code":8804,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{}\n",[15,8806,8807],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8808,8809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8810,8804],{"class":58},[347,8812,8814],{"id":8813},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[35,8816,8818],{"className":37,"code":8817,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,8819,8820,8854,8868],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8821,8822,8824,8826,8828,8830,8832,8834,8836,8838,8840,8842,8844,8846,8848,8850,8852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8823,8586],{"class":50},[44,8825,55],{"class":54},[44,8827,8591],{"class":58},[44,8829,1018],{"class":235},[44,8831,167],{"class":239},[44,8833,1018],{"class":235},[44,8835,66],{"class":58},[44,8837,4867],{"class":62},[44,8839,8604],{"class":58},[44,8841,8607],{"class":58},[44,8843,1018],{"class":235},[44,8845,1164],{"class":239},[44,8847,1018],{"class":235},[44,8849,66],{"class":58},[44,8851,69],{"class":62},[44,8853,8620],{"class":58},[44,8855,8856,8858,8860,8862,8864,8866],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,8857,8536],{"class":50},[44,8859,55],{"class":54},[44,8861,8541],{"class":121},[44,8863,103],{"class":58},[44,8865,8633],{"class":89},[44,8867,108],{"class":58},[44,8869,8870,8872,8874,8876],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,8871,100],{"class":99},[44,8873,103],{"class":58},[44,8875,8575],{"class":89},[44,8877,108],{"class":58},[20,8879,8880],{},[30,8881,111],{},[35,8883,8885],{"className":37,"code":8884,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,8886,8887],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8888,8889,8891,8893,8895,8897,8899,8901,8903,8905,8907,8909,8911,8913],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8890,550],{"class":58},[44,8892,1018],{"class":235},[44,8894,167],{"class":239},[44,8896,1018],{"class":235},[44,8898,2255],{"class":58},[44,8900,4867],{"class":62},[44,8902,66],{"class":58},[44,8904,1012],{"class":235},[44,8906,1164],{"class":239},[44,8908,1018],{"class":235},[44,8910,2255],{"class":58},[44,8912,69],{"class":62},[44,8914,77],{"class":58},[347,8916,8918],{"id":8917},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[35,8920,8922],{"className":37,"code":8921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,8923,8924,8954],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8925,8926,8928,8930,8932,8934,8936,8938,8940,8942,8944,8946,8948,8950,8952],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8927,8536],{"class":50},[44,8929,55],{"class":54},[44,8931,8541],{"class":121},[44,8933,103],{"class":58},[44,8935,7041],{"class":8546},[44,8937,55],{"class":54},[44,8939,1018],{"class":235},[44,8941,4374],{"class":239},[44,8943,1018],{"class":235},[44,8945,66],{"class":58},[44,8947,8559],{"class":8546},[44,8949,55],{"class":54},[44,8951,8564],{"class":62},[44,8953,108],{"class":58},[44,8955,8956,8958,8960,8962],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,8957,100],{"class":99},[44,8959,103],{"class":58},[44,8961,8575],{"class":89},[44,8963,108],{"class":58},[20,8965,8966],{},[30,8967,111],{},[35,8969,8971],{"className":37,"code":8970,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,8972,8973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8974,8975,8977,8979,8981,8983,8985,8987,8989,8991,8993,8995,8997,8999,9001,9003],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8976,550],{"class":58},[44,8978,1018],{"class":235},[44,8980,7041],{"class":239},[44,8982,1018],{"class":235},[44,8984,2255],{"class":58},[44,8986,1012],{"class":235},[44,8988,4374],{"class":239},[44,8990,1018],{"class":235},[44,8992,66],{"class":58},[44,8994,1012],{"class":235},[44,8996,8669],{"class":239},[44,8998,1018],{"class":235},[44,9000,2255],{"class":58},[44,9002,8676],{"class":62},[44,9004,77],{"class":58},[347,9006,9008],{"id":9007},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9010,9011],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[35,9013,9015],{"className":37,"code":9014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9016,9017,9058],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9018,9019,9021,9023,9025,9028,9030,9032,9034,9036,9038,9041,9043,9045,9047,9049,9052,9054,9056],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9020,8536],{"class":50},[44,9022,55],{"class":54},[44,9024,8541],{"class":121},[44,9026,9027],{"class":58},"([(",[44,9029,1018],{"class":235},[44,9031,167],{"class":239},[44,9033,1018],{"class":235},[44,9035,66],{"class":58},[44,9037,4867],{"class":62},[44,9039,9040],{"class":58},")],",[44,9042,1929],{"class":8546},[44,9044,55],{"class":54},[44,9046,1426],{"class":62},[44,9048,66],{"class":58},[44,9050,9051],{"class":8546}," c",[44,9053,55],{"class":54},[44,9055,1432],{"class":62},[44,9057,108],{"class":58},[44,9059,9060,9062,9064,9066],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,9061,100],{"class":99},[44,9063,103],{"class":58},[44,9065,8575],{"class":89},[44,9067,108],{"class":58},[20,9069,9070],{},[30,9071,111],{},[35,9073,9075],{"className":37,"code":9074,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9076,9077],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9078,9079,9081,9083,9085,9087,9089,9091,9093,9095,9097,9099,9101,9103,9105,9107,9110,9112,9114,9116],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9080,550],{"class":58},[44,9082,1018],{"class":235},[44,9084,167],{"class":239},[44,9086,1018],{"class":235},[44,9088,2255],{"class":58},[44,9090,4867],{"class":62},[44,9092,66],{"class":58},[44,9094,1012],{"class":235},[44,9096,1164],{"class":239},[44,9098,1018],{"class":235},[44,9100,2255],{"class":58},[44,9102,69],{"class":62},[44,9104,66],{"class":58},[44,9106,1012],{"class":235},[44,9108,9109],{"class":239},"c",[44,9111,1018],{"class":235},[44,9113,2255],{"class":58},[44,9115,74],{"class":62},[44,9117,77],{"class":58},[131,9119,8772],{"id":9120},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9122,1462,9123,9125],{},[15,9124,8490],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[35,9127,9129],{"className":37,"code":9128,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9130,9131,9141,9155],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9132,9133,9135,9137,9139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9134,8536],{"class":50},[44,9136,55],{"class":54},[44,9138,8541],{"class":121},[44,9140,93],{"class":58},[44,9142,9143,9145,9147,9149,9151,9153],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,9144,100],{"class":99},[44,9146,103],{"class":58},[44,9148,985],{"class":121},[44,9150,103],{"class":58},[44,9152,8575],{"class":89},[44,9154,993],{"class":58},[44,9156,9157,9159,9161,9163],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,9158,100],{"class":99},[44,9160,103],{"class":58},[44,9162,8575],{"class":89},[44,9164,108],{"class":58},[20,9166,9167],{},[30,9168,111],{},[35,9170,9172],{"className":37,"code":9171,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9173,9174,9188],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9175,9176,9178,9180,9182,9184,9186],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9177,1005],{"class":54},[44,9179,1009],{"class":1008},[44,9181,1012],{"class":235},[44,9183,1015],{"class":239},[44,9185,1018],{"class":235},[44,9187,1021],{"class":54},[44,9189,9190],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,9191,8804],{"class":58},[20,9193,9194],{},"This gives the same result as:",[35,9196,9198],{"className":37,"code":9197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n",[15,9199,9200],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9201,9202,9204,9206],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9203,8536],{"class":50},[44,9205,55],{"class":54},[44,9207,976],{"class":58},[20,9209,9210,9211,9213,9214,9216,9217,9219],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9212,957],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[577,9215],{},"\nStill, ",[15,9218,8490],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[131,9221,9223],{"id":9222},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9225,9226,9227,86],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9228,8490],{},[35,9230,9232],{"className":37,"code":9231,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9233,9234,9272,9286],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9235,9236,9238,9240,9242,9244,9246,9248,9250,9252,9254,9256,9258,9260,9262,9264,9266,9268,9270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9237,8586],{"class":50},[44,9239,55],{"class":54},[44,9241,8591],{"class":58},[44,9243,1018],{"class":235},[44,9245,7041],{"class":239},[44,9247,1018],{"class":235},[44,9249,66],{"class":58},[44,9251,1012],{"class":235},[44,9253,4374],{"class":239},[44,9255,1018],{"class":235},[44,9257,8604],{"class":58},[44,9259,8607],{"class":58},[44,9261,1018],{"class":235},[44,9263,8669],{"class":239},[44,9265,1018],{"class":235},[44,9267,66],{"class":58},[44,9269,8676],{"class":62},[44,9271,8620],{"class":58},[44,9273,9274,9276,9278,9280,9282,9284],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,9275,8536],{"class":50},[44,9277,55],{"class":54},[44,9279,8541],{"class":121},[44,9281,103],{"class":58},[44,9283,8633],{"class":89},[44,9285,108],{"class":58},[44,9287,9288,9290,9292,9294],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,9289,100],{"class":99},[44,9291,103],{"class":58},[44,9293,8575],{"class":89},[44,9295,108],{"class":58},[20,9297,9298],{},[30,9299,111],{},[35,9301,9302],{"className":37,"code":8970,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,9303,9304],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9305,9306,9308,9310,9312,9314,9316,9318,9320,9322,9324,9326,9328,9330,9332,9334],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9307,550],{"class":58},[44,9309,1018],{"class":235},[44,9311,7041],{"class":239},[44,9313,1018],{"class":235},[44,9315,2255],{"class":58},[44,9317,1012],{"class":235},[44,9319,4374],{"class":239},[44,9321,1018],{"class":235},[44,9323,66],{"class":58},[44,9325,1012],{"class":235},[44,9327,8669],{"class":239},[44,9329,1018],{"class":235},[44,9331,2255],{"class":58},[44,9333,8676],{"class":62},[44,9335,77],{"class":58},[20,9337,9338],{},"Each pair becomes:",[145,9340,9341,9344],{},[148,9342,9343],{},"the first item as the key",[148,9345,9346],{},"the second item as the value",[20,9348,9349],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[35,9351,9353],{"className":37,"code":9352,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9354,9355,9390,9404],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9356,9357,9359,9361,9364,9366,9368,9370,9372,9374,9376,9378,9380,9382,9384,9386,9388],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9358,8586],{"class":50},[44,9360,55],{"class":54},[44,9362,9363],{"class":58}," ((",[44,9365,1018],{"class":235},[44,9367,167],{"class":239},[44,9369,1018],{"class":235},[44,9371,66],{"class":58},[44,9373,4867],{"class":62},[44,9375,8604],{"class":58},[44,9377,8607],{"class":58},[44,9379,1018],{"class":235},[44,9381,1164],{"class":239},[44,9383,1018],{"class":235},[44,9385,66],{"class":58},[44,9387,69],{"class":62},[44,9389,993],{"class":58},[44,9391,9392,9394,9396,9398,9400,9402],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,9393,8536],{"class":50},[44,9395,55],{"class":54},[44,9397,8541],{"class":121},[44,9399,103],{"class":58},[44,9401,8633],{"class":89},[44,9403,108],{"class":58},[44,9405,9406,9408,9410,9412],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,9407,100],{"class":99},[44,9409,103],{"class":58},[44,9411,8575],{"class":89},[44,9413,108],{"class":58},[20,9415,9416],{},[30,9417,111],{},[35,9419,9420],{"className":37,"code":8884,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,9421,9422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9423,9424,9426,9428,9430,9432,9434,9436,9438,9440,9442,9444,9446,9448],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9425,550],{"class":58},[44,9427,1018],{"class":235},[44,9429,167],{"class":239},[44,9431,1018],{"class":235},[44,9433,2255],{"class":58},[44,9435,4867],{"class":62},[44,9437,66],{"class":58},[44,9439,1012],{"class":235},[44,9441,1164],{"class":239},[44,9443,1018],{"class":235},[44,9445,2255],{"class":58},[44,9447,69],{"class":62},[44,9449,77],{"class":58},[20,9451,9452,9453,86],{},"Each item must contain ",[30,9454,9455],{},"exactly two elements",[20,9457,2207],{},[35,9459,9461],{"className":37,"code":9460,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,9462,9463,9503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9464,9465,9468,9470,9472,9474,9476,9478,9480,9482,9484,9487,9489,9491,9493,9495,9497,9499,9501],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9466,9467],{"class":50},"bad_data ",[44,9469,55],{"class":54},[44,9471,8591],{"class":58},[44,9473,1018],{"class":235},[44,9475,167],{"class":239},[44,9477,1018],{"class":235},[44,9479,66],{"class":58},[44,9481,4867],{"class":62},[44,9483,66],{"class":58},[44,9485,9486],{"class":62}," 100",[44,9488,8604],{"class":58},[44,9490,8607],{"class":58},[44,9492,1018],{"class":235},[44,9494,1164],{"class":239},[44,9496,1018],{"class":235},[44,9498,66],{"class":58},[44,9500,69],{"class":62},[44,9502,8620],{"class":58},[44,9504,9505,9507,9509,9511,9513,9516],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,9506,644],{"class":50},[44,9508,55],{"class":54},[44,9510,8541],{"class":121},[44,9512,103],{"class":58},[44,9514,9515],{"class":89},"bad_data",[44,9517,108],{"class":58},[20,9519,9520,9521,9524],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,9522,9523],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,9526,9527],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[35,9529,9531],{"className":37,"code":9530,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9532,9533,9582,9596],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9534,9535,9537,9539,9541,9543,9545,9547,9549,9551,9553,9555,9557,9559,9561,9563,9566,9568,9570,9572,9574,9576,9578,9580],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9536,8586],{"class":50},[44,9538,55],{"class":54},[44,9540,8591],{"class":58},[44,9542,1018],{"class":235},[44,9544,167],{"class":239},[44,9546,1018],{"class":235},[44,9548,66],{"class":58},[44,9550,4867],{"class":62},[44,9552,8604],{"class":58},[44,9554,8607],{"class":58},[44,9556,1018],{"class":235},[44,9558,167],{"class":239},[44,9560,1018],{"class":235},[44,9562,66],{"class":58},[44,9564,9565],{"class":62}," 99",[44,9567,8604],{"class":58},[44,9569,8607],{"class":58},[44,9571,1018],{"class":235},[44,9573,1164],{"class":239},[44,9575,1018],{"class":235},[44,9577,66],{"class":58},[44,9579,69],{"class":62},[44,9581,8620],{"class":58},[44,9583,9584,9586,9588,9590,9592,9594],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,9585,8536],{"class":50},[44,9587,55],{"class":54},[44,9589,8541],{"class":121},[44,9591,103],{"class":58},[44,9593,8633],{"class":89},[44,9595,108],{"class":58},[44,9597,9598,9600,9602,9604],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,9599,100],{"class":99},[44,9601,103],{"class":58},[44,9603,8575],{"class":89},[44,9605,108],{"class":58},[20,9607,9608],{},[30,9609,111],{},[35,9611,9613],{"className":37,"code":9612,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9614,9615],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9616,9617,9619,9621,9623,9625,9627,9629,9631,9633,9635,9637,9639,9641],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9618,550],{"class":58},[44,9620,1018],{"class":235},[44,9622,167],{"class":239},[44,9624,1018],{"class":235},[44,9626,2255],{"class":58},[44,9628,9565],{"class":62},[44,9630,66],{"class":58},[44,9632,1012],{"class":235},[44,9634,1164],{"class":239},[44,9636,1018],{"class":235},[44,9638,2255],{"class":58},[44,9640,69],{"class":62},[44,9642,77],{"class":58},[131,9644,9646],{"id":9645},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,9648,9649],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[35,9651,9652],{"className":37,"code":8921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,9653,9654,9684],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9655,9656,9658,9660,9662,9664,9666,9668,9670,9672,9674,9676,9678,9680,9682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9657,8536],{"class":50},[44,9659,55],{"class":54},[44,9661,8541],{"class":121},[44,9663,103],{"class":58},[44,9665,7041],{"class":8546},[44,9667,55],{"class":54},[44,9669,1018],{"class":235},[44,9671,4374],{"class":239},[44,9673,1018],{"class":235},[44,9675,66],{"class":58},[44,9677,8559],{"class":8546},[44,9679,55],{"class":54},[44,9681,8564],{"class":62},[44,9683,108],{"class":58},[44,9685,9686,9688,9690,9692],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,9687,100],{"class":99},[44,9689,103],{"class":58},[44,9691,8575],{"class":89},[44,9693,108],{"class":58},[20,9695,9696],{},[30,9697,111],{},[35,9699,9700],{"className":37,"code":8970,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,9701,9702],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9703,9704,9706,9708,9710,9712,9714,9716,9718,9720,9722,9724,9726,9728,9730,9732],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9705,550],{"class":58},[44,9707,1018],{"class":235},[44,9709,7041],{"class":239},[44,9711,1018],{"class":235},[44,9713,2255],{"class":58},[44,9715,1012],{"class":235},[44,9717,4374],{"class":239},[44,9719,1018],{"class":235},[44,9721,66],{"class":58},[44,9723,1012],{"class":235},[44,9725,8669],{"class":239},[44,9727,1018],{"class":235},[44,9729,2255],{"class":58},[44,9731,8676],{"class":62},[44,9733,77],{"class":58},[20,9735,9736],{},"In this form:",[145,9738,9739,9747],{},[148,9740,9741,9743,9744],{},[15,9742,7041],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,9745,9746],{},"'name'",[148,9748,9749,9743,9751],{},[15,9750,8669],{},[15,9752,9753],{},"'age'",[20,9755,9756],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,9758,9759],{},"Valid examples:",[35,9761,9763],{"className":37,"code":9762,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,9764,9765,9803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9766,9767,9769,9771,9773,9775,9778,9780,9782,9785,9787,9789,9792,9794,9796,9799,9801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9768,8536],{"class":50},[44,9770,55],{"class":54},[44,9772,8541],{"class":121},[44,9774,103],{"class":58},[44,9776,9777],{"class":8546},"city",[44,9779,55],{"class":54},[44,9781,1018],{"class":235},[44,9783,9784],{"class":239},"Paris",[44,9786,1018],{"class":235},[44,9788,66],{"class":58},[44,9790,9791],{"class":8546}," country",[44,9793,55],{"class":54},[44,9795,1018],{"class":235},[44,9797,9798],{"class":239},"France",[44,9800,1018],{"class":235},[44,9802,108],{"class":58},[44,9804,9805,9807,9809,9811],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,9806,100],{"class":99},[44,9808,103],{"class":58},[44,9810,8575],{"class":89},[44,9812,108],{"class":58},[20,9814,9815],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[145,9817,9818,9821,9824],{},[148,9819,9820],{},"spaces",[148,9822,9823],{},"hyphens",[148,9825,9826],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,9828,9829,9830,9833],{},"For example, this is ",[30,9831,9832],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[35,9835,9837],{"className":37,"code":9836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,9838,9839],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9840,9841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9842,9836],{"class":3035},[20,9844,9845],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[35,9847,9849],{"className":37,"code":9848,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,9850,9851,9893],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9852,9853,9855,9857,9859,9861,9864,9866,9868,9870,9872,9874,9876,9878,9881,9883,9885,9887,9889,9891],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9854,8536],{"class":50},[44,9856,55],{"class":54},[44,9858,59],{"class":58},[44,9860,1018],{"class":235},[44,9862,9863],{"class":239},"first-name",[44,9865,1018],{"class":235},[44,9867,2255],{"class":58},[44,9869,1012],{"class":235},[44,9871,7050],{"class":239},[44,9873,1018],{"class":235},[44,9875,66],{"class":58},[44,9877,1012],{"class":235},[44,9879,9880],{"class":239},"first name",[44,9882,1018],{"class":235},[44,9884,2255],{"class":58},[44,9886,1012],{"class":235},[44,9888,7050],{"class":239},[44,9890,1018],{"class":235},[44,9892,77],{"class":58},[44,9894,9895,9897,9899,9901],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,9896,100],{"class":99},[44,9898,103],{"class":58},[44,9900,8575],{"class":89},[44,9902,108],{"class":58},[20,9904,9905],{},[30,9906,111],{},[35,9908,9910],{"className":37,"code":9909,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,9911,9912],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9913,9914,9916,9918,9920,9922,9924,9926,9928,9930,9932,9934,9936,9938,9940,9942,9944,9946],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9915,550],{"class":58},[44,9917,1018],{"class":235},[44,9919,9863],{"class":239},[44,9921,1018],{"class":235},[44,9923,2255],{"class":58},[44,9925,1012],{"class":235},[44,9927,7050],{"class":239},[44,9929,1018],{"class":235},[44,9931,66],{"class":58},[44,9933,1012],{"class":235},[44,9935,9880],{"class":239},[44,9937,1018],{"class":235},[44,9939,2255],{"class":58},[44,9941,1012],{"class":235},[44,9943,7050],{"class":239},[44,9945,1018],{"class":235},[44,9947,77],{"class":58},[131,9949,9951,9953,9954],{"id":9950},"dict-vs",[15,9952,8490],{}," vs ",[15,9955,957],{},[20,9957,9958,9959,342,9961,9963],{},"Both ",[15,9960,8490],{},[15,9962,957],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[347,9965,1462,9967,9969],{"id":9966},"use-when",[15,9968,957],{}," when:",[145,9971,9972,9975],{},[148,9973,9974],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[148,9976,9977],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[35,9979,9980],{"className":37,"code":9197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,9981,9982],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9983,9984,9986,9988],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9985,8536],{"class":50},[44,9987,55],{"class":54},[44,9989,976],{"class":58},[347,9991,1462,9993,9969],{"id":9992},"use-dict-when",[15,9994,8490],{},[145,9996,9997,10000,10003],{},[148,9998,9999],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[148,10001,10002],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[148,10004,10005],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[35,10007,10009],{"className":37,"code":10008,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10010,10011,10048],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10012,10013,10015,10017,10019,10021,10023,10025,10027,10029,10031,10033,10035,10037,10039,10041,10043,10045],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10014,8536],{"class":50},[44,10016,55],{"class":54},[44,10018,8541],{"class":121},[44,10020,9027],{"class":58},[44,10022,1018],{"class":235},[44,10024,167],{"class":239},[44,10026,1018],{"class":235},[44,10028,66],{"class":58},[44,10030,4867],{"class":62},[44,10032,8604],{"class":58},[44,10034,8607],{"class":58},[44,10036,1018],{"class":235},[44,10038,1164],{"class":239},[44,10040,1018],{"class":235},[44,10042,66],{"class":58},[44,10044,69],{"class":62},[44,10046,10047],{"class":58},")])\n",[44,10049,10050,10053,10055,10057,10059,10061,10063,10065,10067,10069,10071,10073,10075,10077],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,10051,10052],{"class":50},"info ",[44,10054,55],{"class":54},[44,10056,8541],{"class":121},[44,10058,103],{"class":58},[44,10060,7041],{"class":8546},[44,10062,55],{"class":54},[44,10064,1018],{"class":235},[44,10066,4374],{"class":239},[44,10068,1018],{"class":235},[44,10070,66],{"class":58},[44,10072,8559],{"class":8546},[44,10074,55],{"class":54},[44,10076,8564],{"class":62},[44,10078,108],{"class":58},[20,10080,10081],{},"So:",[145,10083,10084,10089],{},[148,10085,10086,10088],{},[15,10087,957],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[148,10090,10091,10093],{},[15,10092,8490],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10095,10096,10097,10101,10102,86],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[167,10098,10100],{"href":10099},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[167,10103,10105,10106,1272],{"href":10104},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10107,10108],{},"get()",[131,10110,10112],{"id":10111},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10114,787,10115,86],{},[15,10116,8490],{},[347,10118,10120],{"id":10119},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10122,3895],{},[35,10124,10126],{"className":37,"code":10125,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10127,10128,10152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10129,10130,10132,10134,10136,10138,10140,10142,10144,10146,10148,10150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10131,362],{"class":50},[44,10133,55],{"class":54},[44,10135,2993],{"class":58},[44,10137,1018],{"class":235},[44,10139,167],{"class":239},[44,10141,1018],{"class":235},[44,10143,66],{"class":58},[44,10145,1012],{"class":235},[44,10147,1164],{"class":239},[44,10149,1018],{"class":235},[44,10151,3006],{"class":58},[44,10153,10154,10156,10158,10160,10162,10164],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,10155,8536],{"class":50},[44,10157,55],{"class":54},[44,10159,8541],{"class":121},[44,10161,103],{"class":58},[44,10163,397],{"class":89},[44,10165,108],{"class":58},[20,10167,10168,10169,86],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10170,10171],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10173,10174],{},"Correct version:",[35,10176,10178],{"className":37,"code":10177,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10179,10180,10214,10228],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10181,10182,10184,10186,10188,10190,10192,10194,10196,10198,10200,10202,10204,10206,10208,10210,10212],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10183,362],{"class":50},[44,10185,55],{"class":54},[44,10187,8591],{"class":58},[44,10189,1018],{"class":235},[44,10191,167],{"class":239},[44,10193,1018],{"class":235},[44,10195,66],{"class":58},[44,10197,4867],{"class":62},[44,10199,8604],{"class":58},[44,10201,8607],{"class":58},[44,10203,1018],{"class":235},[44,10205,1164],{"class":239},[44,10207,1018],{"class":235},[44,10209,66],{"class":58},[44,10211,69],{"class":62},[44,10213,8620],{"class":58},[44,10215,10216,10218,10220,10222,10224,10226],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,10217,8536],{"class":50},[44,10219,55],{"class":54},[44,10221,8541],{"class":121},[44,10223,103],{"class":58},[44,10225,397],{"class":89},[44,10227,108],{"class":58},[44,10229,10230,10232,10234,10236],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,10231,100],{"class":99},[44,10233,103],{"class":58},[44,10235,8575],{"class":89},[44,10237,108],{"class":58},[347,10239,10241],{"id":10240},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10243,10244],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[35,10246,10248],{"className":37,"code":10247,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10249,10250],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10251,10252],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10253,10247],{"class":3035},[20,10255,10256,10257,2255],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10258,55],{},[35,10260,10262],{"className":37,"code":10261,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10263,10264,10286],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10265,10266,10268,10270,10272,10274,10276,10278,10280,10282,10284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10267,8536],{"class":50},[44,10269,55],{"class":54},[44,10271,8541],{"class":121},[44,10273,103],{"class":58},[44,10275,7041],{"class":8546},[44,10277,55],{"class":54},[44,10279,1018],{"class":235},[44,10281,4374],{"class":239},[44,10283,1018],{"class":235},[44,10285,108],{"class":58},[44,10287,10288,10290,10292,10294],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,10289,100],{"class":99},[44,10291,103],{"class":58},[44,10293,8575],{"class":89},[44,10295,108],{"class":58},[347,10297,10299],{"id":10298},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10301,10302],{},"This will not work:",[35,10304,10305],{"className":37,"code":9836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10306,10307],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10308,10309],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10310,9836],{"class":3035},[20,10312,10313],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[35,10315,10317],{"className":37,"code":10316,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10318,10319,10343],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10320,10321,10323,10325,10327,10329,10331,10333,10335,10337,10339,10341],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10322,8536],{"class":50},[44,10324,55],{"class":54},[44,10326,59],{"class":58},[44,10328,1018],{"class":235},[44,10330,9863],{"class":239},[44,10332,1018],{"class":235},[44,10334,2255],{"class":58},[44,10336,1012],{"class":235},[44,10338,7050],{"class":239},[44,10340,1018],{"class":235},[44,10342,77],{"class":58},[44,10344,10345,10347,10349,10351],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,10346,100],{"class":99},[44,10348,103],{"class":58},[44,10350,8575],{"class":89},[44,10352,108],{"class":58},[347,10354,10356],{"id":10355},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,10358,10359],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[35,10361,10363],{"className":37,"code":10362,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,10364,10365,10401],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10366,10367,10369,10371,10373,10375,10377,10379,10381,10383,10385,10387,10389,10391,10393,10395,10397,10399],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10368,8536],{"class":50},[44,10370,55],{"class":54},[44,10372,8541],{"class":121},[44,10374,9027],{"class":58},[44,10376,1018],{"class":235},[44,10378,1104],{"class":239},[44,10380,1018],{"class":235},[44,10382,66],{"class":58},[44,10384,4867],{"class":62},[44,10386,8604],{"class":58},[44,10388,8607],{"class":58},[44,10390,1018],{"class":235},[44,10392,1104],{"class":239},[44,10394,1018],{"class":235},[44,10396,66],{"class":58},[44,10398,69],{"class":62},[44,10400,10047],{"class":58},[44,10402,10403,10405,10407,10409],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,10404,100],{"class":99},[44,10406,103],{"class":58},[44,10408,8575],{"class":89},[44,10410,108],{"class":58},[20,10412,10413],{},[30,10414,111],{},[35,10416,10418],{"className":37,"code":10417,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,10419,10420],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10421,10422,10424,10426,10428,10430,10432,10434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10423,550],{"class":58},[44,10425,1018],{"class":235},[44,10427,1104],{"class":239},[44,10429,1018],{"class":235},[44,10431,2255],{"class":58},[44,10433,69],{"class":62},[44,10435,77],{"class":58},[20,10437,10438,10439,86],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[167,10440,10442],{"href":10441},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[131,10444,2200],{"id":2199},[20,10446,10447,10448,10450],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,10449,8490],{}," include:",[145,10452,10453,10463,10469,10472],{},[148,10454,10455,10456,10459,10460],{},"passing a list like ",[15,10457,10458],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,10461,10462],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[148,10464,10465,10466],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,10467,10468],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[148,10470,10471],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[148,10473,10474,10475,10477],{},"confusing ",[15,10476,8490],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,10479,10480],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[35,10482,10484],{"className":37,"code":10483,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,10485,10486,10500,10510,10521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10487,10488,10490,10492,10494,10496,10498],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10489,100],{"class":99},[44,10491,103],{"class":58},[44,10493,985],{"class":121},[44,10495,103],{"class":58},[44,10497,8575],{"class":89},[44,10499,993],{"class":58},[44,10501,10502,10504,10506,10508],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,10503,100],{"class":99},[44,10505,103],{"class":58},[44,10507,8575],{"class":89},[44,10509,108],{"class":58},[44,10511,10512,10514,10516,10519],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,10513,100],{"class":99},[44,10515,103],{"class":58},[44,10517,10518],{"class":89},"list_of_pairs",[44,10520,108],{"class":58},[44,10522,10523,10525,10527,10530,10532,10534],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,10524,100],{"class":99},[44,10526,103],{"class":58},[44,10528,10529],{"class":99},"len",[44,10531,103],{"class":58},[44,10533,10518],{"class":89},[44,10535,993],{"class":58},[20,10537,10538],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[145,10540,10541,10544,10547],{},[148,10542,10543],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[148,10545,10546],{},"what data is being passed in",[148,10548,10549],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[131,10551,1196],{"id":1195},[347,10553,1234,10555,342,10557,1239],{"id":10554},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,10556,8490],{},[15,10558,957],{},[20,10560,10561,10563,10564,10566],{},[15,10562,957],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,10565,8490],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[347,10568,4538,10570,10572],{"id":10569},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,10571,8490],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,10574,10575,10576,86],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,10577,10462],{},[347,10579,4526,10581,10584],{"id":10580},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,10582,10583],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,10586,10587],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[347,10589,10591,10592,10594],{"id":10590},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,10593,8490],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,10596,10597,10598,10601],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,10599,10600],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[131,10603,1251],{"id":1250},[145,10605,10606,10611,10615,10620,10626],{},[148,10607,10608],{},[167,10609,10610],{"href":8760},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[148,10612,10613],{},[167,10614,8526],{"href":8525},[148,10616,10617],{},[167,10618,10619],{"href":10099},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[148,10621,10622],{},[167,10623,10105,10624,1272],{"href":10104},[15,10625,10108],{},[148,10627,10628],{},[167,10629,10630],{"href":10441},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1294,10632,10633],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":10635},[10636,10638,10644,10645,10646,10647,10654,10660,10661,10671],{"id":8714,"depth":80,"text":10637},"What dict() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175,"children":10639},[10640,10641,10642,10643],{"id":8771,"depth":96,"text":8772},{"id":8813,"depth":96,"text":8814},{"id":8917,"depth":96,"text":8918},{"id":9007,"depth":96,"text":9008},{"id":9120,"depth":80,"text":8772},{"id":9222,"depth":80,"text":9223},{"id":9645,"depth":80,"text":9646},{"id":9950,"depth":80,"text":10648,"children":10649},"dict() vs {}",[10650,10652],{"id":9966,"depth":96,"text":10651},"Use {} when:",{"id":9992,"depth":96,"text":10653},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10111,"depth":80,"text":10112,"children":10655},[10656,10657,10658,10659],{"id":10119,"depth":96,"text":10120},{"id":10240,"depth":96,"text":10241},{"id":10298,"depth":96,"text":10299},{"id":10355,"depth":96,"text":10356},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":10662},[10663,10665,10667,10669],{"id":10554,"depth":96,"text":10664},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":10569,"depth":96,"text":10666},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":10580,"depth":96,"text":10668},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":10590,"depth":96,"text":10670},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8482,"description":10672},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":10679,"title":10680,"body":10681,"description":12178,"extension":1331,"meta":12179,"navigation":268,"path":12180,"seo":12181,"stem":12182,"__hash__":12183},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":10682,"toc":12147},[10683,10689,10695,10702,10704,10764,10769,10774,10778,10795,10798,10802,10804,10820,10823,10836,10838,10840,10974,10976,11043,11045,11060,11066,11072,11075,11156,11158,11171,11175,11181,11246,11248,11256,11259,11282,11288,11351,11357,11360,11374,11387,11391,11402,11407,11418,11425,11429,11435,11557,11559,11585,11588,11605,11608,11719,11721,11770,11772,11785,11794,11799,11804,11815,11817,11920,11943,11945,11949,11967,11970,12028,12031,12057,12059,12065,12068,12074,12078,12085,12093,12099,12102,12104,12144],[10,10684,10686,10687,18],{"id":10685},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,10688,17],{},[20,10690,10691,10694],{},[15,10692,10693],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,10696,10697,10698,10701],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[30,10699,10700],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[131,10703,1372],{"id":1371},[35,10705,10707],{"className":37,"code":10706,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,10708,10709,10741,10751],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10710,10711,10713,10715,10717,10719,10721,10723,10725,10727,10729,10731,10733,10735,10737,10739],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10712,8536],{"class":50},[44,10714,55],{"class":54},[44,10716,59],{"class":58},[44,10718,236],{"class":235},[44,10720,167],{"class":239},[44,10722,236],{"class":235},[44,10724,2255],{"class":58},[44,10726,4867],{"class":62},[44,10728,66],{"class":58},[44,10730,247],{"class":235},[44,10732,1164],{"class":239},[44,10734,236],{"class":235},[44,10736,2255],{"class":58},[44,10738,69],{"class":62},[44,10740,77],{"class":58},[44,10742,10743,10745,10747,10749],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,10744,8575],{"class":50},[44,10746,86],{"class":58},[44,10748,90],{"class":89},[44,10750,93],{"class":58},[44,10752,10753,10755,10757,10759,10761],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,10754,100],{"class":99},[44,10756,103],{"class":58},[44,10758,8575],{"class":89},[44,10760,3032],{"class":58},[44,10762,10763],{"class":3035},"  # {}\n",[20,10765,10766,10768],{},[15,10767,17],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[131,10770,134,10772,137],{"id":10771},"what-clear-does",[15,10773,17],{},[20,10775,140,10776,143],{},[15,10777,17],{},[145,10779,10780,10783,10786,10790],{},[148,10781,10782],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[148,10784,10785],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[148,10787,156,10788],{},[15,10789,159],{},[148,10791,10792,10793],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,10794,957],{},[20,10796,10797],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,10799,8522,10800,86],{},[167,10801,8526],{"href":8525},[131,10803,175],{"id":174},[35,10805,10807],{"className":37,"code":10806,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,10808,10809],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10810,10811,10814,10816,10818],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10812,10813],{"class":50},"my_dict",[44,10815,86],{"class":58},[44,10817,90],{"class":89},[44,10819,93],{"class":58},[20,10821,10822],{},"Important points:",[145,10824,10825,10830,10833],{},[148,10826,10827,10829],{},[15,10828,17],{}," takes no arguments",[148,10831,10832],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[148,10834,10835],{},"It empties that dictionary",[131,10837,215],{"id":214},[20,10839,218],{},[35,10841,10843],{"className":37,"code":10842,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,10844,10845,10855,10876,10890,10907,10911,10915,10935,10939,10950,10954],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10846,10847,10850,10852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10848,10849],{"class":50},"user ",[44,10851,55],{"class":54},[44,10853,10854],{"class":58}," {\n",[44,10856,10857,10860,10862,10864,10866,10868,10871,10873],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,10858,10859],{"class":235},"    \"",[44,10861,7041],{"class":239},[44,10863,236],{"class":235},[44,10865,2255],{"class":58},[44,10867,247],{"class":235},[44,10869,10870],{"class":239},"Maya",[44,10872,236],{"class":235},[44,10874,10875],{"class":58},",\n",[44,10877,10878,10880,10882,10884,10886,10888],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,10879,10859],{"class":235},[44,10881,8669],{"class":239},[44,10883,236],{"class":235},[44,10885,2255],{"class":58},[44,10887,8676],{"class":62},[44,10889,10875],{"class":58},[44,10891,10892,10894,10896,10898,10900,10902,10905],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,10893,10859],{"class":235},[44,10895,9777],{"class":239},[44,10897,236],{"class":235},[44,10899,2255],{"class":58},[44,10901,247],{"class":235},[44,10903,10904],{"class":239},"Berlin",[44,10906,2727],{"class":235},[44,10908,10909],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,10910,77],{"class":58},[44,10912,10913],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,10914,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,10916,10917,10919,10921,10923,10926,10928,10930,10933],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,10918,100],{"class":99},[44,10920,103],{"class":58},[44,10922,236],{"class":235},[44,10924,10925],{"class":239},"Before:",[44,10927,236],{"class":235},[44,10929,66],{"class":58},[44,10931,10932],{"class":89}," user",[44,10934,108],{"class":58},[44,10936,10937],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,10938,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,10940,10941,10944,10946,10948],{"class":46,"line":5802},[44,10942,10943],{"class":50},"user",[44,10945,86],{"class":58},[44,10947,90],{"class":89},[44,10949,93],{"class":58},[44,10951,10952],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,10953,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,10955,10957,10959,10961,10963,10966,10968,10970,10972],{"class":46,"line":10956},11,[44,10958,100],{"class":99},[44,10960,103],{"class":58},[44,10962,236],{"class":235},[44,10964,10965],{"class":239},"After:",[44,10967,236],{"class":235},[44,10969,66],{"class":58},[44,10971,10932],{"class":89},[44,10973,108],{"class":58},[20,10975,4929],{},[35,10977,10979],{"className":37,"code":10978,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,10980,10981,11034],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10982,10983,10986,10988,10990,10992,10994,10996,10998,11000,11002,11004,11006,11008,11010,11012,11014,11016,11018,11020,11022,11024,11026,11028,11030,11032],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10984,10985],{"class":50},"Before",[44,10987,2255],{"class":58},[44,10989,59],{"class":58},[44,10991,1018],{"class":235},[44,10993,7041],{"class":239},[44,10995,1018],{"class":235},[44,10997,2255],{"class":58},[44,10999,1012],{"class":235},[44,11001,10870],{"class":239},[44,11003,1018],{"class":235},[44,11005,66],{"class":58},[44,11007,1012],{"class":235},[44,11009,8669],{"class":239},[44,11011,1018],{"class":235},[44,11013,2255],{"class":58},[44,11015,8676],{"class":62},[44,11017,66],{"class":58},[44,11019,1012],{"class":235},[44,11021,9777],{"class":239},[44,11023,1018],{"class":235},[44,11025,2255],{"class":58},[44,11027,1012],{"class":235},[44,11029,10904],{"class":239},[44,11031,1018],{"class":235},[44,11033,77],{"class":58},[44,11035,11036,11039,11041],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,11037,11038],{"class":50},"After",[44,11040,2255],{"class":58},[44,11042,976],{"class":58},[20,11044,311],{},[145,11046,11047,11052,11057],{},[148,11048,11049,11051],{},[15,11050,10943],{}," starts with three items",[148,11053,11054,324],{},[15,11055,11056],{},"user.clear()",[148,11058,11059],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[131,11061,134,11063,11065],{"id":11062},"what-clear-returns",[15,11064,17],{}," returns",[20,11067,11068,772,11070,86],{},[15,11069,17],{},[15,11071,159],{},[20,11073,11074],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[35,11076,11078],{"className":37,"code":11077,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11079,11080,11113,11117,11132,11136,11146],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11081,11082,11085,11087,11089,11091,11093,11095,11097,11099,11101,11103,11105,11107,11109,11111],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11083,11084],{"class":50},"my_dict ",[44,11086,55],{"class":54},[44,11088,59],{"class":58},[44,11090,236],{"class":235},[44,11092,1104],{"class":239},[44,11094,236],{"class":235},[44,11096,2255],{"class":58},[44,11098,4867],{"class":62},[44,11100,66],{"class":58},[44,11102,247],{"class":235},[44,11104,1113],{"class":239},[44,11106,236],{"class":235},[44,11108,2255],{"class":58},[44,11110,69],{"class":62},[44,11112,77],{"class":58},[44,11114,11115],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,11116,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,11118,11119,11121,11123,11126,11128,11130],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,11120,644],{"class":50},[44,11122,55],{"class":54},[44,11124,11125],{"class":50}," my_dict",[44,11127,86],{"class":58},[44,11129,90],{"class":89},[44,11131,93],{"class":58},[44,11133,11134],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,11135,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,11137,11138,11140,11142,11144],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,11139,100],{"class":99},[44,11141,103],{"class":58},[44,11143,668],{"class":89},[44,11145,108],{"class":58},[44,11147,11148,11150,11152,11154],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,11149,100],{"class":99},[44,11151,103],{"class":58},[44,11153,10813],{"class":89},[44,11155,108],{"class":58},[20,11157,111],{},[35,11159,11161],{"className":37,"code":11160,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n{}\n",[15,11162,11163,11167],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11164,11165],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11166,693],{"class":692},[44,11168,11169],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,11170,8804],{"class":58},[347,11172,11174],{"id":11173},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11176,11177,11178,11180],{},"Do ",[30,11179,604],{}," do this:",[35,11182,11184],{"className":37,"code":11183,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11185,11186,11218,11232,11236],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11187,11188,11190,11192,11194,11196,11198,11200,11202,11204,11206,11208,11210,11212,11214,11216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11189,11084],{"class":50},[44,11191,55],{"class":54},[44,11193,59],{"class":58},[44,11195,236],{"class":235},[44,11197,1104],{"class":239},[44,11199,236],{"class":235},[44,11201,2255],{"class":58},[44,11203,4867],{"class":62},[44,11205,66],{"class":58},[44,11207,247],{"class":235},[44,11209,1113],{"class":239},[44,11211,236],{"class":235},[44,11213,2255],{"class":58},[44,11215,69],{"class":62},[44,11217,77],{"class":58},[44,11219,11220,11222,11224,11226,11228,11230],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,11221,11084],{"class":50},[44,11223,55],{"class":54},[44,11225,11125],{"class":50},[44,11227,86],{"class":58},[44,11229,90],{"class":89},[44,11231,93],{"class":58},[44,11233,11234],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,11235,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,11237,11238,11240,11242,11244],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,11239,100],{"class":99},[44,11241,103],{"class":58},[44,11243,10813],{"class":89},[44,11245,108],{"class":58},[20,11247,111],{},[35,11249,11250],{"className":37,"code":693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,11251,11252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11253,11254],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11255,693],{"class":692},[20,11257,11258],{},"Why this happens:",[145,11260,11261,11267,11272],{},[148,11262,11263,11266],{},[15,11264,11265],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[148,11268,11269,11270],{},"The method returns ",[15,11271,159],{},[148,11273,11274,11275,11278,11279,11281],{},"Then ",[15,11276,11277],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11280,159],{}," in the variable",[20,11283,11284,11285,11287],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11286,17],{}," by itself:",[35,11289,11291],{"className":37,"code":11290,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11292,11293,11325,11335,11339],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11294,11295,11297,11299,11301,11303,11305,11307,11309,11311,11313,11315,11317,11319,11321,11323],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11296,11084],{"class":50},[44,11298,55],{"class":54},[44,11300,59],{"class":58},[44,11302,236],{"class":235},[44,11304,1104],{"class":239},[44,11306,236],{"class":235},[44,11308,2255],{"class":58},[44,11310,4867],{"class":62},[44,11312,66],{"class":58},[44,11314,247],{"class":235},[44,11316,1113],{"class":239},[44,11318,236],{"class":235},[44,11320,2255],{"class":58},[44,11322,69],{"class":62},[44,11324,77],{"class":58},[44,11326,11327,11329,11331,11333],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,11328,10813],{"class":50},[44,11330,86],{"class":58},[44,11332,90],{"class":89},[44,11334,93],{"class":58},[44,11336,11337],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,11338,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,11340,11341,11343,11345,11347,11349],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,11342,100],{"class":99},[44,11344,103],{"class":58},[44,11346,10813],{"class":89},[44,11348,3032],{"class":58},[44,11350,10763],{"class":3035},[131,11352,11354,11356],{"id":11353},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,11355,17],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,11358,11359],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[35,11361,11362],{"className":37,"code":10806,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,11363,11364],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11365,11366,11368,11370,11372],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11367,10813],{"class":50},[44,11369,86],{"class":58},[44,11371,90],{"class":89},[44,11373,93],{"class":58},[35,11375,11377],{"className":37,"code":11376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,11378,11379],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11380,11381,11383,11385],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11382,11084],{"class":50},[44,11384,55],{"class":54},[44,11386,976],{"class":58},[347,11388,11389],{"id":90},[15,11390,17],{},[145,11392,11393,11396,11399],{},[148,11394,11395],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[148,11397,11398],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[148,11400,11401],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[347,11403,11404],{"id":10813},[15,11405,11406],{},"my_dict = {}",[145,11408,11409,11412,11415],{},[148,11410,11411],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[148,11413,11414],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[148,11416,11417],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,11419,11420,11421,86],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[167,11422,11424],{"href":11423},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[131,11426,11428],{"id":11427},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,11430,11431,11432,11434],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,11433,17],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[35,11436,11438],{"className":37,"code":11437,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11439,11440,11473,11483,11487,11498,11502,11522,11542],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11441,11442,11445,11447,11449,11451,11453,11455,11457,11459,11461,11463,11465,11467,11469,11471],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11443,11444],{"class":50},"original ",[44,11446,55],{"class":54},[44,11448,59],{"class":58},[44,11450,236],{"class":235},[44,11452,167],{"class":239},[44,11454,236],{"class":235},[44,11456,2255],{"class":58},[44,11458,4867],{"class":62},[44,11460,66],{"class":58},[44,11462,247],{"class":235},[44,11464,1164],{"class":239},[44,11466,236],{"class":235},[44,11468,2255],{"class":58},[44,11470,69],{"class":62},[44,11472,77],{"class":58},[44,11474,11475,11478,11480],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,11476,11477],{"class":50},"other_ref ",[44,11479,55],{"class":54},[44,11481,11482],{"class":50}," original\n",[44,11484,11485],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,11486,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,11488,11489,11492,11494,11496],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,11490,11491],{"class":50},"original",[44,11493,86],{"class":58},[44,11495,90],{"class":89},[44,11497,93],{"class":58},[44,11499,11500],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,11501,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,11503,11504,11506,11508,11510,11513,11515,11517,11520],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,11505,100],{"class":99},[44,11507,103],{"class":58},[44,11509,236],{"class":235},[44,11511,11512],{"class":239},"original:",[44,11514,236],{"class":235},[44,11516,66],{"class":58},[44,11518,11519],{"class":89}," original",[44,11521,108],{"class":58},[44,11523,11524,11526,11528,11530,11533,11535,11537,11540],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,11525,100],{"class":99},[44,11527,103],{"class":58},[44,11529,236],{"class":235},[44,11531,11532],{"class":239},"other_ref:",[44,11534,236],{"class":235},[44,11536,66],{"class":58},[44,11538,11539],{"class":89}," other_ref",[44,11541,108],{"class":58},[44,11543,11544,11546,11548,11550,11553,11555],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,11545,100],{"class":99},[44,11547,103],{"class":58},[44,11549,11444],{"class":89},[44,11551,11552],{"class":3245},"is",[44,11554,11539],{"class":89},[44,11556,108],{"class":58},[20,11558,111],{},[35,11560,11562],{"className":37,"code":11561,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,11563,11564,11572,11581],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11565,11566,11568,11570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11567,11491],{"class":50},[44,11569,2255],{"class":58},[44,11571,976],{"class":58},[44,11573,11574,11577,11579],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,11575,11576],{"class":50},"other_ref",[44,11578,2255],{"class":58},[44,11580,976],{"class":58},[44,11582,11583],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,11584,3350],{"class":692},[20,11586,11587],{},"This shows:",[145,11589,11590,11597,11602],{},[148,11591,11592,342,11594,11596],{},[15,11593,11491],{},[15,11595,11576],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[148,11598,11599,11601],{},[15,11600,17],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[148,11603,11604],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,11606,11607],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[35,11609,11611],{"className":37,"code":11610,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11612,11613,11645,11653,11657,11665,11669,11687,11705],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11614,11615,11617,11619,11621,11623,11625,11627,11629,11631,11633,11635,11637,11639,11641,11643],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11616,11444],{"class":50},[44,11618,55],{"class":54},[44,11620,59],{"class":58},[44,11622,236],{"class":235},[44,11624,167],{"class":239},[44,11626,236],{"class":235},[44,11628,2255],{"class":58},[44,11630,4867],{"class":62},[44,11632,66],{"class":58},[44,11634,247],{"class":235},[44,11636,1164],{"class":239},[44,11638,236],{"class":235},[44,11640,2255],{"class":58},[44,11642,69],{"class":62},[44,11644,77],{"class":58},[44,11646,11647,11649,11651],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,11648,11477],{"class":50},[44,11650,55],{"class":54},[44,11652,11482],{"class":50},[44,11654,11655],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,11656,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,11658,11659,11661,11663],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,11660,11444],{"class":50},[44,11662,55],{"class":54},[44,11664,976],{"class":58},[44,11666,11667],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,11668,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,11670,11671,11673,11675,11677,11679,11681,11683,11685],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,11672,100],{"class":99},[44,11674,103],{"class":58},[44,11676,236],{"class":235},[44,11678,11512],{"class":239},[44,11680,236],{"class":235},[44,11682,66],{"class":58},[44,11684,11519],{"class":89},[44,11686,108],{"class":58},[44,11688,11689,11691,11693,11695,11697,11699,11701,11703],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,11690,100],{"class":99},[44,11692,103],{"class":58},[44,11694,236],{"class":235},[44,11696,11532],{"class":239},[44,11698,236],{"class":235},[44,11700,66],{"class":58},[44,11702,11539],{"class":89},[44,11704,108],{"class":58},[44,11706,11707,11709,11711,11713,11715,11717],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,11708,100],{"class":99},[44,11710,103],{"class":58},[44,11712,11444],{"class":89},[44,11714,11552],{"class":3245},[44,11716,11539],{"class":89},[44,11718,108],{"class":58},[20,11720,111],{},[35,11722,11724],{"className":37,"code":11723,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,11725,11726,11734,11766],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11727,11728,11730,11732],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11729,11491],{"class":50},[44,11731,2255],{"class":58},[44,11733,976],{"class":58},[44,11735,11736,11738,11740,11742,11744,11746,11748,11750,11752,11754,11756,11758,11760,11762,11764],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,11737,11576],{"class":50},[44,11739,2255],{"class":58},[44,11741,59],{"class":58},[44,11743,1018],{"class":235},[44,11745,167],{"class":239},[44,11747,1018],{"class":235},[44,11749,2255],{"class":58},[44,11751,4867],{"class":62},[44,11753,66],{"class":58},[44,11755,1012],{"class":235},[44,11757,1164],{"class":239},[44,11759,1018],{"class":235},[44,11761,2255],{"class":58},[44,11763,69],{"class":62},[44,11765,77],{"class":58},[44,11767,11768],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,11769,3411],{"class":692},[20,11771,1548],{},[145,11773,11774,11780],{},[148,11775,11776,11779],{},[15,11777,11778],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[148,11781,11782,11784],{},[15,11783,11576],{}," still points to the old one",[20,11786,11787,11788,86],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[167,11789,11791],{"href":11790},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,11792,11793],{},"dict.copy()",[131,11795,4331,11797],{"id":11796},"when-to-use-clear",[15,11798,17],{},[20,11800,11801,11803],{},[15,11802,17],{}," is useful when you want to:",[145,11805,11806,11809,11812],{},[148,11807,11808],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[148,11810,11811],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[148,11813,11814],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,11816,1578],{},[35,11818,11820],{"className":37,"code":11819,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,11821,11822,11831,11847,11867,11880,11884,11888,11893,11904,11908],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11823,11824,11827,11829],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11825,11826],{"class":50},"session_data ",[44,11828,55],{"class":54},[44,11830,10854],{"class":58},[44,11832,11833,11835,11838,11840,11842,11845],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,11834,10859],{"class":235},[44,11836,11837],{"class":239},"user_id",[44,11839,236],{"class":235},[44,11841,2255],{"class":58},[44,11843,11844],{"class":62}," 101",[44,11846,10875],{"class":58},[44,11848,11849,11851,11854,11856,11858,11860,11863,11865],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,11850,10859],{"class":235},[44,11852,11853],{"class":239},"theme",[44,11855,236],{"class":235},[44,11857,2255],{"class":58},[44,11859,247],{"class":235},[44,11861,11862],{"class":239},"dark",[44,11864,236],{"class":235},[44,11866,10875],{"class":58},[44,11868,11869,11871,11874,11876,11878],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,11870,10859],{"class":235},[44,11872,11873],{"class":239},"logged_in",[44,11875,236],{"class":235},[44,11877,2255],{"class":58},[44,11879,5793],{"class":692},[44,11881,11882],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,11883,77],{"class":58},[44,11885,11886],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,11887,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,11889,11890],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,11891,11892],{"class":3035},"# Reset for a new session\n",[44,11894,11895,11898,11900,11902],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,11896,11897],{"class":50},"session_data",[44,11899,86],{"class":58},[44,11901,90],{"class":89},[44,11903,93],{"class":58},[44,11905,11906],{"class":46,"line":5802},[44,11907,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,11909,11910,11912,11914,11916,11918],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,11911,100],{"class":99},[44,11913,103],{"class":58},[44,11915,11897],{"class":89},[44,11917,3032],{"class":58},[44,11919,10763],{"class":3035},[20,11921,11922,11923,11929,11930,86,11934,11936,11937,86],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[167,11924,11926],{"href":11925},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,11927,11928],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[167,11931,11933],{"href":11932},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[577,11935],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[167,11938,11940],{"href":11939},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,11941,11942],{},"dict.popitem()",[131,11944,2200],{"id":2199},[20,11946,787,11947,2255],{},[15,11948,17],{},[145,11950,11951,11956,11961,11964],{},[148,11952,793,11953,11955],{},[15,11954,17],{}," to a variable",[148,11957,923,11958,11960],{},[15,11959,17],{}," to return a new dictionary",[148,11962,11963],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[148,11965,11966],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,11968,11969],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[35,11971,11973],{"className":37,"code":11972,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,11974,11975,11985,11999,12014],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11976,11977,11979,11981,11983],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11978,100],{"class":99},[44,11980,103],{"class":58},[44,11982,10813],{"class":89},[44,11984,108],{"class":58},[44,11986,11987,11989,11991,11993,11995,11997],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,11988,100],{"class":99},[44,11990,103],{"class":58},[44,11992,985],{"class":121},[44,11994,103],{"class":58},[44,11996,10813],{"class":89},[44,11998,993],{"class":58},[44,12000,12001,12003,12005,12008,12010,12012],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,12002,100],{"class":99},[44,12004,103],{"class":58},[44,12006,12007],{"class":99},"id",[44,12009,103],{"class":58},[44,12011,10813],{"class":89},[44,12013,993],{"class":58},[44,12015,12016,12018,12020,12022,12024,12026],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,12017,100],{"class":99},[44,12019,103],{"class":58},[44,12021,11477],{"class":89},[44,12023,11552],{"class":3245},[44,12025,11125],{"class":89},[44,12027,108],{"class":58},[20,12029,12030],{},"What these show:",[145,12032,12033,12039,12045,12051],{},[148,12034,12035,12038],{},[15,12036,12037],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[148,12040,12041,12044],{},[15,12042,12043],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[148,12046,12047,12050],{},[15,12048,12049],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[148,12052,12053,12056],{},[15,12054,12055],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[131,12058,1196],{"id":1195},[347,12060,1212,12062,12064],{"id":12061},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12063,17],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12066,12067],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[347,12069,1200,12071,12073],{"id":12070},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12072,10693],{}," return?",[20,12075,608,12076,86],{},[15,12077,159],{},[347,12079,1234,12081,342,12083,1239],{"id":12080},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12082,17],{},[15,12084,957],{},[20,12086,12087,12089,12090,12092],{},[15,12088,17],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12091,957],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[347,12094,1212,12096,12098],{"id":12095},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12097,17],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12100,12101],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[131,12103,1251],{"id":1250},[145,12105,12106,12110,12114,12120,12127,12134,12139],{},[148,12107,12108],{},[167,12109,8526],{"href":8525},[148,12111,12112],{},[167,12113,10610],{"href":8760},[148,12115,12116],{},[167,12117,10105,12118,1272],{"href":11925},[15,12119,951],{},[148,12121,12122],{},[167,12123,10105,12124,1272],{"href":11939},[15,12125,12126],{},"popitem()",[148,12128,12129],{},[167,12130,10105,12131,1272],{"href":11790},[15,12132,12133],{},"copy()",[148,12135,12136],{},[167,12137,12138],{"href":11423},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[148,12140,12141],{},[167,12142,12143],{"href":11932},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1294,12145,12146],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":12148},[12149,12150,12152,12153,12154,12158,12163,12164,12166,12167,12177],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":10771,"depth":80,"text":12151},"What clear() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":214,"depth":80,"text":215},{"id":11062,"depth":80,"text":12155,"children":12156},"What clear() returns",[12157],{"id":11173,"depth":96,"text":11174},{"id":11353,"depth":80,"text":12159,"children":12160},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12161,12162],{"id":90,"depth":96,"text":17},{"id":10813,"depth":96,"text":11406},{"id":11427,"depth":80,"text":11428},{"id":11796,"depth":80,"text":12165},"When to use clear()",{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":12168},[12169,12171,12173,12175],{"id":12061,"depth":96,"text":12170},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12070,"depth":96,"text":12172},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12080,"depth":96,"text":12174},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12095,"depth":96,"text":12176},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":10680,"description":12178},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12185,"title":12186,"body":12187,"description":14350,"extension":1331,"meta":14351,"navigation":268,"path":14352,"seo":14353,"stem":14354,"__hash__":14355},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12188,"toc":14322},[12189,12194,12199,12209,12211,12300,12304,12345,12350,12357,12375,12384,12386,12407,12409,12421,12423,12499,12503,12544,12546,12549,12677,12681,12761,12764,12782,12785,12789,12795,12797,12808,12810,13005,13009,13115,13118,13136,13139,13146,13151,13155,13169,13171,13298,13302,13382,13395,13401,13404,13411,13415,13541,13545,13619,13624,13755,13759,13833,13836,13850,13854,13858,13872,13874,14010,14014,14083,14085,14090,14112,14115,14222,14225,14236,14243,14245,14251,14254,14261,14264,14271,14279,14283,14286,14288,14319],[10,12190,10686,12192,18],{"id":12191},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12193,12133],{},[20,12195,12196,12198],{},[15,12197,11793],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12200,12201,12202,12204,12205,12208],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12203,12133],{}," makes a ",[30,12206,12207],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[131,12210,1372],{"id":1371},[35,12212,12214],{"className":37,"code":12213,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12215,12216,12254,12271,12275,12286],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12217,12218,12221,12223,12225,12227,12229,12231,12233,12235,12238,12240,12242,12244,12246,12248,12250,12252],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12219,12220],{"class":50},"student ",[44,12222,55],{"class":54},[44,12224,59],{"class":58},[44,12226,236],{"class":235},[44,12228,7041],{"class":239},[44,12230,236],{"class":235},[44,12232,2255],{"class":58},[44,12234,247],{"class":235},[44,12236,12237],{"class":239},"Ana",[44,12239,236],{"class":235},[44,12241,66],{"class":58},[44,12243,247],{"class":235},[44,12245,8669],{"class":239},[44,12247,236],{"class":235},[44,12249,2255],{"class":58},[44,12251,7163],{"class":62},[44,12253,77],{"class":58},[44,12255,12256,12259,12261,12264,12266,12269],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,12257,12258],{"class":50},"student_copy ",[44,12260,55],{"class":54},[44,12262,12263],{"class":50}," student",[44,12265,86],{"class":58},[44,12267,12268],{"class":89},"copy",[44,12270,93],{"class":58},[44,12272,12273],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,12274,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,12276,12277,12279,12281,12284],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,12278,100],{"class":99},[44,12280,103],{"class":58},[44,12282,12283],{"class":89},"student_copy",[44,12285,108],{"class":58},[44,12287,12288,12290,12292,12294,12296,12298],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,12289,100],{"class":99},[44,12291,103],{"class":58},[44,12293,12258],{"class":89},[44,12295,11552],{"class":3245},[44,12297,12263],{"class":89},[44,12299,108],{"class":58},[20,12301,12302],{},[30,12303,111],{},[35,12305,12307],{"className":37,"code":12306,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12308,12309,12341],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12310,12311,12313,12315,12317,12319,12321,12323,12325,12327,12329,12331,12333,12335,12337,12339],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12312,550],{"class":58},[44,12314,1018],{"class":235},[44,12316,7041],{"class":239},[44,12318,1018],{"class":235},[44,12320,2255],{"class":58},[44,12322,1012],{"class":235},[44,12324,12237],{"class":239},[44,12326,1018],{"class":235},[44,12328,66],{"class":58},[44,12330,1012],{"class":235},[44,12332,8669],{"class":239},[44,12334,1018],{"class":235},[44,12336,2255],{"class":58},[44,12338,7163],{"class":62},[44,12340,77],{"class":58},[44,12342,12343],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,12344,3411],{"class":692},[20,12346,1462,12347,12349],{},[15,12348,12133],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[131,12351,12353,12354,12356],{"id":12352},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,12355,12133],{}," method does",[145,12358,12359,12364,12367,12372],{},[148,12360,12361,12363],{},[15,12362,11793],{}," returns a new dictionary",[148,12365,12366],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[148,12368,12369,12370],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,12371,12133],{},[148,12373,12374],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,12376,12377,12378,945,12381,86],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[167,12379,8526],{"href":12380},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[167,12382,8761],{"href":12383},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[131,12385,175],{"id":174},[35,12387,12389],{"className":37,"code":12388,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,12390,12391],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12392,12393,12396,12398,12401,12403,12405],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12394,12395],{"class":50},"new_dict ",[44,12397,55],{"class":54},[44,12399,12400],{"class":50}," old_dict",[44,12402,86],{"class":58},[44,12404,12268],{"class":89},[44,12406,93],{"class":58},[20,12408,197],{},[145,12410,12411,12415,12418],{},[148,12412,12413,10829],{},[15,12414,12133],{},[148,12416,12417],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[148,12419,12420],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,12422,1578],{},[35,12424,12426],{"className":37,"code":12425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,12427,12428,12468,12484,12488],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12429,12430,12432,12434,12436,12438,12440,12442,12444,12446,12448,12450,12452,12454,12456,12458,12460,12462,12464,12466],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12431,228],{"class":50},[44,12433,55],{"class":54},[44,12435,59],{"class":58},[44,12437,236],{"class":235},[44,12439,167],{"class":239},[44,12441,236],{"class":235},[44,12443,2255],{"class":58},[44,12445,247],{"class":235},[44,12447,240],{"class":239},[44,12449,236],{"class":235},[44,12451,66],{"class":58},[44,12453,247],{"class":235},[44,12455,1164],{"class":239},[44,12457,236],{"class":235},[44,12459,2255],{"class":58},[44,12461,247],{"class":235},[44,12463,259],{"class":239},[44,12465,236],{"class":235},[44,12467,77],{"class":58},[44,12469,12470,12473,12475,12478,12480,12482],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,12471,12472],{"class":50},"new_colors ",[44,12474,55],{"class":54},[44,12476,12477],{"class":50}," colors",[44,12479,86],{"class":58},[44,12481,12268],{"class":89},[44,12483,93],{"class":58},[44,12485,12486],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,12487,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,12489,12490,12492,12494,12497],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,12491,100],{"class":99},[44,12493,103],{"class":58},[44,12495,12496],{"class":89},"new_colors",[44,12498,108],{"class":58},[20,12500,12501],{},[30,12502,111],{},[35,12504,12506],{"className":37,"code":12505,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,12507,12508],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12509,12510,12512,12514,12516,12518,12520,12522,12524,12526,12528,12530,12532,12534,12536,12538,12540,12542],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12511,550],{"class":58},[44,12513,1018],{"class":235},[44,12515,167],{"class":239},[44,12517,1018],{"class":235},[44,12519,2255],{"class":58},[44,12521,1012],{"class":235},[44,12523,240],{"class":239},[44,12525,1018],{"class":235},[44,12527,66],{"class":58},[44,12529,1012],{"class":235},[44,12531,1164],{"class":239},[44,12533,1018],{"class":235},[44,12535,2255],{"class":58},[44,12537,1012],{"class":235},[44,12539,259],{"class":239},[44,12541,1018],{"class":235},[44,12543,77],{"class":58},[131,12545,215],{"id":214},[20,12547,12548],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[35,12550,12552],{"className":37,"code":12551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,12553,12554,12592,12608,12612,12634,12638,12657],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12555,12556,12559,12561,12563,12565,12567,12569,12571,12573,12576,12578,12580,12582,12584,12586,12588,12590],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12557,12558],{"class":50},"person ",[44,12560,55],{"class":54},[44,12562,59],{"class":58},[44,12564,236],{"class":235},[44,12566,7041],{"class":239},[44,12568,236],{"class":235},[44,12570,2255],{"class":58},[44,12572,247],{"class":235},[44,12574,12575],{"class":239},"Liam",[44,12577,236],{"class":235},[44,12579,66],{"class":58},[44,12581,247],{"class":235},[44,12583,8669],{"class":239},[44,12585,236],{"class":235},[44,12587,2255],{"class":58},[44,12589,8676],{"class":62},[44,12591,77],{"class":58},[44,12593,12594,12597,12599,12602,12604,12606],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,12595,12596],{"class":50},"person_copy ",[44,12598,55],{"class":54},[44,12600,12601],{"class":50}," person",[44,12603,86],{"class":58},[44,12605,12268],{"class":89},[44,12607,93],{"class":58},[44,12609,12610],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,12611,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,12613,12614,12617,12619,12621,12623,12625,12628,12631],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,12615,12616],{"class":50},"person_copy",[44,12618,3270],{"class":58},[44,12620,236],{"class":235},[44,12622,8669],{"class":239},[44,12624,236],{"class":235},[44,12626,12627],{"class":58},"]",[44,12629,12630],{"class":54}," =",[44,12632,12633],{"class":62}," 26\n",[44,12635,12636],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,12637,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,12639,12640,12642,12644,12646,12649,12651,12653,12655],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,12641,100],{"class":99},[44,12643,103],{"class":58},[44,12645,236],{"class":235},[44,12647,12648],{"class":239},"Original:",[44,12650,236],{"class":235},[44,12652,66],{"class":58},[44,12654,12601],{"class":89},[44,12656,108],{"class":58},[44,12658,12659,12661,12663,12665,12668,12670,12672,12675],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,12660,100],{"class":99},[44,12662,103],{"class":58},[44,12664,236],{"class":235},[44,12666,12667],{"class":239},"Copy:",[44,12669,236],{"class":235},[44,12671,66],{"class":58},[44,12673,12674],{"class":89}," person_copy",[44,12676,108],{"class":58},[20,12678,12679],{},[30,12680,111],{},[35,12682,12684],{"className":37,"code":12683,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,12685,12686,12723],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12687,12688,12691,12693,12695,12697,12699,12701,12703,12705,12707,12709,12711,12713,12715,12717,12719,12721],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12689,12690],{"class":50},"Original",[44,12692,2255],{"class":58},[44,12694,59],{"class":58},[44,12696,1018],{"class":235},[44,12698,7041],{"class":239},[44,12700,1018],{"class":235},[44,12702,2255],{"class":58},[44,12704,1012],{"class":235},[44,12706,12575],{"class":239},[44,12708,1018],{"class":235},[44,12710,66],{"class":58},[44,12712,1012],{"class":235},[44,12714,8669],{"class":239},[44,12716,1018],{"class":235},[44,12718,2255],{"class":58},[44,12720,8676],{"class":62},[44,12722,77],{"class":58},[44,12724,12725,12728,12730,12732,12734,12736,12738,12740,12742,12744,12746,12748,12750,12752,12754,12756,12759],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,12726,12727],{"class":50},"Copy",[44,12729,2255],{"class":58},[44,12731,59],{"class":58},[44,12733,1018],{"class":235},[44,12735,7041],{"class":239},[44,12737,1018],{"class":235},[44,12739,2255],{"class":58},[44,12741,1012],{"class":235},[44,12743,12575],{"class":239},[44,12745,1018],{"class":235},[44,12747,66],{"class":58},[44,12749,1012],{"class":235},[44,12751,8669],{"class":239},[44,12753,1018],{"class":235},[44,12755,2255],{"class":58},[44,12757,12758],{"class":62}," 26",[44,12760,77],{"class":58},[20,12762,12763],{},"What happened here:",[145,12765,12766,12772,12779],{},[148,12767,12768,12771],{},[15,12769,12770],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[148,12773,12774,12775,12778],{},"Changing ",[15,12776,12777],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[148,12780,12781],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,12783,12784],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[131,12786,12788],{"id":12787},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,12790,12791,12204,12793,86],{},[15,12792,12133],{},[30,12794,12207],{},[20,12796,1477],{},[145,12798,12799,12802,12805],{},[148,12800,12801],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[148,12803,12804],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[148,12806,12807],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,12809,1578],{},[35,12811,12813],{"className":37,"code":12812,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,12814,12815,12823,12841,12864,12868,12872,12886,12890,12915,12919,12937,12956,12971],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12816,12817,12819,12821],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12818,12220],{"class":50},[44,12820,55],{"class":54},[44,12822,10854],{"class":58},[44,12824,12825,12827,12829,12831,12833,12835,12837,12839],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,12826,10859],{"class":235},[44,12828,7041],{"class":239},[44,12830,236],{"class":235},[44,12832,2255],{"class":58},[44,12834,247],{"class":235},[44,12836,12237],{"class":239},[44,12838,236],{"class":235},[44,12840,10875],{"class":58},[44,12842,12843,12845,12848,12850,12852,12854,12857,12859,12862],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,12844,10859],{"class":235},[44,12846,12847],{"class":239},"grades",[44,12849,236],{"class":235},[44,12851,2255],{"class":58},[44,12853,2993],{"class":58},[44,12855,12856],{"class":62},"90",[44,12858,66],{"class":58},[44,12860,12861],{"class":62}," 85",[44,12863,3006],{"class":58},[44,12865,12866],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,12867,77],{"class":58},[44,12869,12870],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,12871,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,12873,12874,12876,12878,12880,12882,12884],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,12875,12258],{"class":50},[44,12877,55],{"class":54},[44,12879,12263],{"class":50},[44,12881,86],{"class":58},[44,12883,12268],{"class":89},[44,12885,93],{"class":58},[44,12887,12888],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,12889,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,12891,12892,12894,12896,12898,12900,12902,12905,12908,12910,12913],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,12893,12283],{"class":50},[44,12895,3270],{"class":58},[44,12897,236],{"class":235},[44,12899,12847],{"class":239},[44,12901,236],{"class":235},[44,12903,12904],{"class":58},"].",[44,12906,12907],{"class":89},"append",[44,12909,103],{"class":58},[44,12911,12912],{"class":62},"100",[44,12914,108],{"class":58},[44,12916,12917],{"class":46,"line":5802},[44,12918,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,12920,12921,12923,12925,12927,12929,12931,12933,12935],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,12922,100],{"class":99},[44,12924,103],{"class":58},[44,12926,236],{"class":235},[44,12928,12648],{"class":239},[44,12930,236],{"class":235},[44,12932,66],{"class":58},[44,12934,12263],{"class":89},[44,12936,108],{"class":58},[44,12938,12939,12941,12943,12945,12947,12949,12951,12954],{"class":46,"line":10956},[44,12940,100],{"class":99},[44,12942,103],{"class":58},[44,12944,236],{"class":235},[44,12946,12667],{"class":239},[44,12948,236],{"class":235},[44,12950,66],{"class":58},[44,12952,12953],{"class":89}," student_copy",[44,12955,108],{"class":58},[44,12957,12959,12961,12963,12965,12967,12969],{"class":46,"line":12958},12,[44,12960,100],{"class":99},[44,12962,103],{"class":58},[44,12964,12220],{"class":89},[44,12966,11552],{"class":3245},[44,12968,12953],{"class":89},[44,12970,108],{"class":58},[44,12972,12974,12976,12978,12981,12983,12985,12987,12989,12991,12993,12995,12997,12999,13001,13003],{"class":46,"line":12973},13,[44,12975,100],{"class":99},[44,12977,103],{"class":58},[44,12979,12980],{"class":89},"student",[44,12982,3270],{"class":58},[44,12984,236],{"class":235},[44,12986,12847],{"class":239},[44,12988,236],{"class":235},[44,12990,12627],{"class":58},[44,12992,7470],{"class":3245},[44,12994,12953],{"class":89},[44,12996,3270],{"class":58},[44,12998,236],{"class":235},[44,13000,12847],{"class":239},[44,13002,236],{"class":235},[44,13004,3258],{"class":58},[20,13006,13007],{},[30,13008,111],{},[35,13010,13012],{"className":37,"code":13011,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13013,13014,13061,13107,13111],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13015,13016,13018,13020,13022,13024,13026,13028,13030,13032,13034,13036,13038,13040,13042,13044,13046,13048,13050,13052,13054,13056,13058],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13017,12690],{"class":50},[44,13019,2255],{"class":58},[44,13021,59],{"class":58},[44,13023,1018],{"class":235},[44,13025,7041],{"class":239},[44,13027,1018],{"class":235},[44,13029,2255],{"class":58},[44,13031,1012],{"class":235},[44,13033,12237],{"class":239},[44,13035,1018],{"class":235},[44,13037,66],{"class":58},[44,13039,1012],{"class":235},[44,13041,12847],{"class":239},[44,13043,1018],{"class":235},[44,13045,2255],{"class":58},[44,13047,2993],{"class":58},[44,13049,12856],{"class":62},[44,13051,66],{"class":58},[44,13053,12861],{"class":62},[44,13055,66],{"class":58},[44,13057,9486],{"class":62},[44,13059,13060],{"class":58},"]}\n",[44,13062,13063,13065,13067,13069,13071,13073,13075,13077,13079,13081,13083,13085,13087,13089,13091,13093,13095,13097,13099,13101,13103,13105],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,13064,12727],{"class":50},[44,13066,2255],{"class":58},[44,13068,59],{"class":58},[44,13070,1018],{"class":235},[44,13072,7041],{"class":239},[44,13074,1018],{"class":235},[44,13076,2255],{"class":58},[44,13078,1012],{"class":235},[44,13080,12237],{"class":239},[44,13082,1018],{"class":235},[44,13084,66],{"class":58},[44,13086,1012],{"class":235},[44,13088,12847],{"class":239},[44,13090,1018],{"class":235},[44,13092,2255],{"class":58},[44,13094,2993],{"class":58},[44,13096,12856],{"class":62},[44,13098,66],{"class":58},[44,13100,12861],{"class":62},[44,13102,66],{"class":58},[44,13104,9486],{"class":62},[44,13106,13060],{"class":58},[44,13108,13109],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,13110,3411],{"class":692},[44,13112,13113],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,13114,3350],{"class":692},[20,13116,13117],{},"Notice the difference:",[145,13119,13120,13128],{},[148,13121,13122,4153,13125,13127],{},[15,13123,13124],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13126,3046],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[148,13129,13130,4153,13133,13135],{},[15,13131,13132],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13134,2974],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13137,13138],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13140,13141,13142,86],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[167,13143,13145],{"href":13144},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[131,13147,4331,13149],{"id":13148},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13150,12133],{},[20,13152,1462,13153,9969],{},[15,13154,12133],{},[145,13156,13157,13160,13163,13166],{},[148,13158,13159],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[148,13161,13162],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[148,13164,13165],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[148,13167,13168],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13170,1578],{},[35,13172,13174],{"className":37,"code":13173,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13175,13176,13215,13231,13235,13255,13259,13278],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13177,13178,13181,13183,13185,13187,13189,13191,13193,13195,13197,13199,13201,13203,13206,13208,13210,13213],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13179,13180],{"class":50},"settings ",[44,13182,55],{"class":54},[44,13184,59],{"class":58},[44,13186,236],{"class":235},[44,13188,11853],{"class":239},[44,13190,236],{"class":235},[44,13192,2255],{"class":58},[44,13194,247],{"class":235},[44,13196,11862],{"class":239},[44,13198,236],{"class":235},[44,13200,66],{"class":58},[44,13202,247],{"class":235},[44,13204,13205],{"class":239},"font_size",[44,13207,236],{"class":235},[44,13209,2255],{"class":58},[44,13211,13212],{"class":62}," 14",[44,13214,77],{"class":58},[44,13216,13217,13220,13222,13225,13227,13229],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,13218,13219],{"class":50},"settings_backup ",[44,13221,55],{"class":54},[44,13223,13224],{"class":50}," settings",[44,13226,86],{"class":58},[44,13228,12268],{"class":89},[44,13230,93],{"class":58},[44,13232,13233],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,13234,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,13236,13237,13240,13242,13244,13246,13248,13250,13252],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,13238,13239],{"class":50},"settings",[44,13241,3270],{"class":58},[44,13243,236],{"class":235},[44,13245,13205],{"class":239},[44,13247,236],{"class":235},[44,13249,12627],{"class":58},[44,13251,12630],{"class":54},[44,13253,13254],{"class":62}," 16\n",[44,13256,13257],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,13258,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,13260,13261,13263,13265,13267,13270,13272,13274,13276],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,13262,100],{"class":99},[44,13264,103],{"class":58},[44,13266,236],{"class":235},[44,13268,13269],{"class":239},"Current:",[44,13271,236],{"class":235},[44,13273,66],{"class":58},[44,13275,13224],{"class":89},[44,13277,108],{"class":58},[44,13279,13280,13282,13284,13286,13289,13291,13293,13296],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,13281,100],{"class":99},[44,13283,103],{"class":58},[44,13285,236],{"class":235},[44,13287,13288],{"class":239},"Backup:",[44,13290,236],{"class":235},[44,13292,66],{"class":58},[44,13294,13295],{"class":89}," settings_backup",[44,13297,108],{"class":58},[20,13299,13300],{},[30,13301,111],{},[35,13303,13305],{"className":37,"code":13304,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13306,13307,13345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13308,13309,13312,13314,13316,13318,13320,13322,13324,13326,13328,13330,13332,13334,13336,13338,13340,13343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13310,13311],{"class":50},"Current",[44,13313,2255],{"class":58},[44,13315,59],{"class":58},[44,13317,1018],{"class":235},[44,13319,11853],{"class":239},[44,13321,1018],{"class":235},[44,13323,2255],{"class":58},[44,13325,1012],{"class":235},[44,13327,11862],{"class":239},[44,13329,1018],{"class":235},[44,13331,66],{"class":58},[44,13333,1012],{"class":235},[44,13335,13205],{"class":239},[44,13337,1018],{"class":235},[44,13339,2255],{"class":58},[44,13341,13342],{"class":62}," 16",[44,13344,77],{"class":58},[44,13346,13347,13350,13352,13354,13356,13358,13360,13362,13364,13366,13368,13370,13372,13374,13376,13378,13380],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,13348,13349],{"class":50},"Backup",[44,13351,2255],{"class":58},[44,13353,59],{"class":58},[44,13355,1018],{"class":235},[44,13357,11853],{"class":239},[44,13359,1018],{"class":235},[44,13361,2255],{"class":58},[44,13363,1012],{"class":235},[44,13365,11862],{"class":239},[44,13367,1018],{"class":235},[44,13369,66],{"class":58},[44,13371,1012],{"class":235},[44,13373,13205],{"class":239},[44,13375,1018],{"class":235},[44,13377,2255],{"class":58},[44,13379,13212],{"class":62},[44,13381,77],{"class":58},[20,13383,13384,13385,945,13391,86],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[167,13386,13388],{"href":13387},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,13389,13390],{},"dict.update()",[167,13392,13393],{"href":12180},[15,13394,10693],{},[131,13396,13398,13400],{"id":13397},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,13399,12133],{}," vs assignment",[20,13402,13403],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,13405,350,13406,601,13408,13410],{},[15,13407,55],{},[30,13409,604],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[347,13412,13414],{"id":13413},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[35,13416,13418],{"className":37,"code":13417,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,13419,13420,13452,13461,13465,13485,13489,13507,13527],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13421,13422,13424,13426,13428,13430,13432,13434,13436,13438,13440,13442,13444,13446,13448,13450],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13423,11444],{"class":50},[44,13425,55],{"class":54},[44,13427,59],{"class":58},[44,13429,236],{"class":235},[44,13431,1104],{"class":239},[44,13433,236],{"class":235},[44,13435,2255],{"class":58},[44,13437,4867],{"class":62},[44,13439,66],{"class":58},[44,13441,247],{"class":235},[44,13443,1113],{"class":239},[44,13445,236],{"class":235},[44,13447,2255],{"class":58},[44,13449,69],{"class":62},[44,13451,77],{"class":58},[44,13453,13454,13457,13459],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,13455,13456],{"class":50},"assigned ",[44,13458,55],{"class":54},[44,13460,11482],{"class":50},[44,13462,13463],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,13464,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,13466,13467,13470,13472,13474,13476,13478,13480,13482],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,13468,13469],{"class":50},"assigned",[44,13471,3270],{"class":58},[44,13473,236],{"class":235},[44,13475,1104],{"class":239},[44,13477,236],{"class":235},[44,13479,12627],{"class":58},[44,13481,12630],{"class":54},[44,13483,13484],{"class":62}," 99\n",[44,13486,13487],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,13488,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,13490,13491,13493,13495,13497,13499,13501,13503,13505],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,13492,100],{"class":99},[44,13494,103],{"class":58},[44,13496,236],{"class":235},[44,13498,12648],{"class":239},[44,13500,236],{"class":235},[44,13502,66],{"class":58},[44,13504,11519],{"class":89},[44,13506,108],{"class":58},[44,13508,13509,13511,13513,13515,13518,13520,13522,13525],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,13510,100],{"class":99},[44,13512,103],{"class":58},[44,13514,236],{"class":235},[44,13516,13517],{"class":239},"Assigned:",[44,13519,236],{"class":235},[44,13521,66],{"class":58},[44,13523,13524],{"class":89}," assigned",[44,13526,108],{"class":58},[44,13528,13529,13531,13533,13535,13537,13539],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,13530,100],{"class":99},[44,13532,103],{"class":58},[44,13534,11444],{"class":89},[44,13536,11552],{"class":3245},[44,13538,13524],{"class":89},[44,13540,108],{"class":58},[20,13542,13543],{},[30,13544,111],{},[35,13546,13548],{"className":37,"code":13547,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,13549,13550,13582,13615],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13551,13552,13554,13556,13558,13560,13562,13564,13566,13568,13570,13572,13574,13576,13578,13580],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13553,12690],{"class":50},[44,13555,2255],{"class":58},[44,13557,59],{"class":58},[44,13559,1018],{"class":235},[44,13561,1104],{"class":239},[44,13563,1018],{"class":235},[44,13565,2255],{"class":58},[44,13567,9565],{"class":62},[44,13569,66],{"class":58},[44,13571,1012],{"class":235},[44,13573,1113],{"class":239},[44,13575,1018],{"class":235},[44,13577,2255],{"class":58},[44,13579,69],{"class":62},[44,13581,77],{"class":58},[44,13583,13584,13587,13589,13591,13593,13595,13597,13599,13601,13603,13605,13607,13609,13611,13613],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,13585,13586],{"class":50},"Assigned",[44,13588,2255],{"class":58},[44,13590,59],{"class":58},[44,13592,1018],{"class":235},[44,13594,1104],{"class":239},[44,13596,1018],{"class":235},[44,13598,2255],{"class":58},[44,13600,9565],{"class":62},[44,13602,66],{"class":58},[44,13604,1012],{"class":235},[44,13606,1113],{"class":239},[44,13608,1018],{"class":235},[44,13610,2255],{"class":58},[44,13612,69],{"class":62},[44,13614,77],{"class":58},[44,13616,13617],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,13618,3350],{"class":692},[347,13620,350,13622],{"id":13621},"using-copy",[15,13623,12133],{},[35,13625,13627],{"className":37,"code":13626,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,13628,13629,13661,13676,13680,13699,13703,13721,13741],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13630,13631,13633,13635,13637,13639,13641,13643,13645,13647,13649,13651,13653,13655,13657,13659],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13632,11444],{"class":50},[44,13634,55],{"class":54},[44,13636,59],{"class":58},[44,13638,236],{"class":235},[44,13640,1104],{"class":239},[44,13642,236],{"class":235},[44,13644,2255],{"class":58},[44,13646,4867],{"class":62},[44,13648,66],{"class":58},[44,13650,247],{"class":235},[44,13652,1113],{"class":239},[44,13654,236],{"class":235},[44,13656,2255],{"class":58},[44,13658,69],{"class":62},[44,13660,77],{"class":58},[44,13662,13663,13666,13668,13670,13672,13674],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,13664,13665],{"class":50},"copied ",[44,13667,55],{"class":54},[44,13669,11519],{"class":50},[44,13671,86],{"class":58},[44,13673,12268],{"class":89},[44,13675,93],{"class":58},[44,13677,13678],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,13679,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,13681,13682,13685,13687,13689,13691,13693,13695,13697],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,13683,13684],{"class":50},"copied",[44,13686,3270],{"class":58},[44,13688,236],{"class":235},[44,13690,1104],{"class":239},[44,13692,236],{"class":235},[44,13694,12627],{"class":58},[44,13696,12630],{"class":54},[44,13698,13484],{"class":62},[44,13700,13701],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,13702,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,13704,13705,13707,13709,13711,13713,13715,13717,13719],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,13706,100],{"class":99},[44,13708,103],{"class":58},[44,13710,236],{"class":235},[44,13712,12648],{"class":239},[44,13714,236],{"class":235},[44,13716,66],{"class":58},[44,13718,11519],{"class":89},[44,13720,108],{"class":58},[44,13722,13723,13725,13727,13729,13732,13734,13736,13739],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,13724,100],{"class":99},[44,13726,103],{"class":58},[44,13728,236],{"class":235},[44,13730,13731],{"class":239},"Copied:",[44,13733,236],{"class":235},[44,13735,66],{"class":58},[44,13737,13738],{"class":89}," copied",[44,13740,108],{"class":58},[44,13742,13743,13745,13747,13749,13751,13753],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,13744,100],{"class":99},[44,13746,103],{"class":58},[44,13748,11444],{"class":89},[44,13750,11552],{"class":3245},[44,13752,13738],{"class":89},[44,13754,108],{"class":58},[20,13756,13757],{},[30,13758,111],{},[35,13760,13762],{"className":37,"code":13761,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,13763,13764,13796,13829],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13765,13766,13768,13770,13772,13774,13776,13778,13780,13782,13784,13786,13788,13790,13792,13794],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13767,12690],{"class":50},[44,13769,2255],{"class":58},[44,13771,59],{"class":58},[44,13773,1018],{"class":235},[44,13775,1104],{"class":239},[44,13777,1018],{"class":235},[44,13779,2255],{"class":58},[44,13781,4867],{"class":62},[44,13783,66],{"class":58},[44,13785,1012],{"class":235},[44,13787,1113],{"class":239},[44,13789,1018],{"class":235},[44,13791,2255],{"class":58},[44,13793,69],{"class":62},[44,13795,77],{"class":58},[44,13797,13798,13801,13803,13805,13807,13809,13811,13813,13815,13817,13819,13821,13823,13825,13827],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,13799,13800],{"class":50},"Copied",[44,13802,2255],{"class":58},[44,13804,59],{"class":58},[44,13806,1018],{"class":235},[44,13808,1104],{"class":239},[44,13810,1018],{"class":235},[44,13812,2255],{"class":58},[44,13814,9565],{"class":62},[44,13816,66],{"class":58},[44,13818,1012],{"class":235},[44,13820,1113],{"class":239},[44,13822,1018],{"class":235},[44,13824,2255],{"class":58},[44,13826,69],{"class":62},[44,13828,77],{"class":58},[44,13830,13831],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,13832,3411],{"class":692},[20,13834,13835],{},"Summary:",[145,13837,13838,13844],{},[148,13839,13840,13843],{},[15,13841,13842],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[148,13845,13846,13849],{},[15,13847,13848],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[131,13851,13853],{"id":13852},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,13855,13856,2255],{},[15,13857,12133],{},[145,13859,13860,13863,13866,13869],{},[148,13861,13862],{},"Returns a dictionary",[148,13864,13865],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[148,13867,13868],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[148,13870,13871],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,13873,1578],{},[35,13875,13877],{"className":37,"code":13876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,13878,13879,13911,13927,13931,13949,13969,13973,13991],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13880,13881,13883,13885,13887,13889,13891,13893,13895,13897,13899,13901,13903,13905,13907,13909],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13882,8536],{"class":50},[44,13884,55],{"class":54},[44,13886,59],{"class":58},[44,13888,236],{"class":235},[44,13890,167],{"class":239},[44,13892,236],{"class":235},[44,13894,2255],{"class":58},[44,13896,4867],{"class":62},[44,13898,66],{"class":58},[44,13900,247],{"class":235},[44,13902,1164],{"class":239},[44,13904,236],{"class":235},[44,13906,2255],{"class":58},[44,13908,69],{"class":62},[44,13910,77],{"class":58},[44,13912,13913,13916,13918,13921,13923,13925],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,13914,13915],{"class":50},"data_copy ",[44,13917,55],{"class":54},[44,13919,13920],{"class":50}," data",[44,13922,86],{"class":58},[44,13924,12268],{"class":89},[44,13926,93],{"class":58},[44,13928,13929],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,13930,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,13932,13933,13935,13937,13939,13941,13943,13945,13947],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,13934,8575],{"class":50},[44,13936,3270],{"class":58},[44,13938,236],{"class":235},[44,13940,167],{"class":239},[44,13942,236],{"class":235},[44,13944,12627],{"class":58},[44,13946,12630],{"class":54},[44,13948,1956],{"class":62},[44,13950,13951,13954,13956,13958,13960,13962,13964,13966],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,13952,13953],{"class":50},"data_copy",[44,13955,3270],{"class":58},[44,13957,236],{"class":235},[44,13959,1164],{"class":239},[44,13961,236],{"class":235},[44,13963,12627],{"class":58},[44,13965,12630],{"class":54},[44,13967,13968],{"class":62}," 20\n",[44,13970,13971],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,13972,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,13974,13975,13977,13979,13981,13983,13985,13987,13989],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,13976,100],{"class":99},[44,13978,103],{"class":58},[44,13980,236],{"class":235},[44,13982,12648],{"class":239},[44,13984,236],{"class":235},[44,13986,66],{"class":58},[44,13988,13920],{"class":89},[44,13990,108],{"class":58},[44,13992,13993,13995,13997,13999,14001,14003,14005,14008],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,13994,100],{"class":99},[44,13996,103],{"class":58},[44,13998,236],{"class":235},[44,14000,12667],{"class":239},[44,14002,236],{"class":235},[44,14004,66],{"class":58},[44,14006,14007],{"class":89}," data_copy",[44,14009,108],{"class":58},[20,14011,14012],{},[30,14013,111],{},[35,14015,14017],{"className":37,"code":14016,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14018,14019,14051],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14020,14021,14023,14025,14027,14029,14031,14033,14035,14037,14039,14041,14043,14045,14047,14049],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14022,12690],{"class":50},[44,14024,2255],{"class":58},[44,14026,59],{"class":58},[44,14028,1018],{"class":235},[44,14030,167],{"class":239},[44,14032,1018],{"class":235},[44,14034,2255],{"class":58},[44,14036,5375],{"class":62},[44,14038,66],{"class":58},[44,14040,1012],{"class":235},[44,14042,1164],{"class":239},[44,14044,1018],{"class":235},[44,14046,2255],{"class":58},[44,14048,69],{"class":62},[44,14050,77],{"class":58},[44,14052,14053,14055,14057,14059,14061,14063,14065,14067,14069,14071,14073,14075,14077,14079,14081],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,14054,12727],{"class":50},[44,14056,2255],{"class":58},[44,14058,59],{"class":58},[44,14060,1018],{"class":235},[44,14062,167],{"class":239},[44,14064,1018],{"class":235},[44,14066,2255],{"class":58},[44,14068,4867],{"class":62},[44,14070,66],{"class":58},[44,14072,1012],{"class":235},[44,14074,1164],{"class":239},[44,14076,1018],{"class":235},[44,14078,2255],{"class":58},[44,14080,7163],{"class":62},[44,14082,77],{"class":58},[131,14084,2200],{"id":2199},[20,14086,14087,14088,2255],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14089,11793],{},[145,14091,14092,14099,14104,14109],{},[148,14093,350,14094,10459,14096,14098],{},[15,14095,55],{},[15,14097,12133],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[148,14100,3949,14101,14103],{},[15,14102,12133],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[148,14105,14106,14107],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14108,12133],{},[148,14110,14111],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14113,14114],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[35,14116,14118],{"className":37,"code":14117,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14119,14120,14130,14140,14154,14177,14200],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14121,14122,14124,14126,14128],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14123,100],{"class":99},[44,14125,103],{"class":58},[44,14127,11491],{"class":89},[44,14129,108],{"class":58},[44,14131,14132,14134,14136,14138],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,14133,100],{"class":99},[44,14135,103],{"class":58},[44,14137,13684],{"class":89},[44,14139,108],{"class":58},[44,14141,14142,14144,14146,14148,14150,14152],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,14143,100],{"class":99},[44,14145,103],{"class":58},[44,14147,11444],{"class":89},[44,14149,11552],{"class":3245},[44,14151,13738],{"class":89},[44,14153,108],{"class":58},[44,14155,14156,14158,14160,14162,14164,14166,14168,14171,14173,14175],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,14157,100],{"class":99},[44,14159,103],{"class":58},[44,14161,12007],{"class":99},[44,14163,103],{"class":58},[44,14165,11491],{"class":89},[44,14167,8604],{"class":58},[44,14169,14170],{"class":99}," id",[44,14172,103],{"class":58},[44,14174,13684],{"class":89},[44,14176,993],{"class":58},[44,14178,14179,14181,14183,14185,14187,14189,14191,14193,14196,14198],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,14180,100],{"class":99},[44,14182,103],{"class":58},[44,14184,12007],{"class":99},[44,14186,103],{"class":58},[44,14188,11491],{"class":89},[44,14190,3270],{"class":58},[44,14192,236],{"class":235},[44,14194,14195],{"class":239},"key",[44,14197,236],{"class":235},[44,14199,2370],{"class":58},[44,14201,14202,14204,14206,14208,14210,14212,14214,14216,14218,14220],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,14203,100],{"class":99},[44,14205,103],{"class":58},[44,14207,12007],{"class":99},[44,14209,103],{"class":58},[44,14211,13684],{"class":89},[44,14213,3270],{"class":58},[44,14215,236],{"class":235},[44,14217,14195],{"class":239},[44,14219,236],{"class":235},[44,14221,2370],{"class":58},[20,14223,14224],{},"What these help you check:",[145,14226,14227,14230,14233],{},[148,14228,14229],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[148,14231,14232],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[148,14234,14235],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14237,14238,14239,86],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[167,14240,14242],{"href":14241},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[131,14244,1196],{"id":1195},[347,14246,1212,14248,14250],{"id":14247},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14249,11793],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14252,14253],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[347,14255,14257,14258,14260],{"id":14256},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,14259,11793],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14262,14263],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[347,14265,1234,14267,342,14269,1239],{"id":14266},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14268,12133],{},[15,14270,55],{},[20,14272,14273,14275,14276,14278],{},[15,14274,12133],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14277,55],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[347,14280,14282],{"id":14281},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14284,14285],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[131,14287,1251],{"id":1250},[145,14289,14290,14294,14298,14302,14308,14314],{},[148,14291,14292],{},[167,14293,10610],{"href":12383},[148,14295,14296],{},[167,14297,8526],{"href":12380},[148,14299,14300],{},[167,14301,13145],{"href":13144},[148,14303,14304],{},[167,14305,10105,14306,1272],{"href":13387},[15,14307,1292],{},[148,14309,14310],{},[167,14311,10105,14312,1272],{"href":12180},[15,14313,17],{},[148,14315,14316],{},[167,14317,14318],{"href":14241},"How to copy a list in Python",[1294,14320,14321],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":14323},[14324,14325,14327,14328,14329,14330,14332,14338,14339,14340,14349],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":12352,"depth":80,"text":14326},"What the copy() method does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":214,"depth":80,"text":215},{"id":12787,"depth":80,"text":12788},{"id":13148,"depth":80,"text":14331},"When to use copy()",{"id":13397,"depth":80,"text":14333,"children":14334},"copy() vs assignment",[14335,14336],{"id":13413,"depth":96,"text":13414},{"id":13621,"depth":96,"text":14337},"Using copy()",{"id":13852,"depth":80,"text":13853},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":14341},[14342,14344,14346,14348],{"id":14247,"depth":96,"text":14343},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14256,"depth":96,"text":14345},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14266,"depth":96,"text":14347},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14281,"depth":96,"text":14282},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12186,"description":14350},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14357,"title":14358,"body":14359,"description":16553,"extension":1331,"meta":16554,"navigation":268,"path":12383,"seo":16555,"stem":16556,"__hash__":16557},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14360,"toc":16515},[14361,14364,14370,14379,14381,14457,14461,14510,14513,14517,14531,14534,14538,14551,14554,14587,14601,14604,14616,14620,14623,14631,14711,14715,14768,14772,14790,14792,14874,14877,14879,14882,14885,14908,14932,14936,14944,14947,14951,14960,14965,15020,15024,15057,15063,15069,15072,15127,15131,15181,15184,15190,15193,15201,15203,15248,15253,15262,15265,15268,15315,15317,15322,15325,15419,15423,15476,15479,15535,15538,15542,15545,15559,15563,15629,15633,15658,15661,15665,15743,15747,15750,15753,15773,15776,15829,15833,15836,15839,15852,15854,15943,15950,15953,15964,15966,15969,15989,15993,15995,16004,16006,16045,16049,16051,16060,16069,16071,16109,16113,16160,16164,16185,16189,16192,16304,16309,16407,16429,16431,16435,16442,16446,16452,16456,16459,16463,16466,16473,16481,16483,16509,16512],[10,14362,14358],{"id":14363},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,14365,14366,14367,14369],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[30,14368,8502],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,14371,14372,14373,945,14375,86],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[167,14374,8526],{"href":8525},[167,14376,14378],{"href":14377},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[131,14380,1372],{"id":1371},[35,14382,14384],{"className":37,"code":14383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14385,14386,14394,14412,14426,14439,14443,14447],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14387,14388,14390,14392],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14389,12220],{"class":50},[44,14391,55],{"class":54},[44,14393,10854],{"class":58},[44,14395,14396,14398,14400,14402,14404,14406,14408,14410],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,14397,10859],{"class":235},[44,14399,7041],{"class":239},[44,14401,236],{"class":235},[44,14403,2255],{"class":58},[44,14405,247],{"class":235},[44,14407,12237],{"class":239},[44,14409,236],{"class":235},[44,14411,10875],{"class":58},[44,14413,14414,14416,14418,14420,14422,14424],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,14415,10859],{"class":235},[44,14417,8669],{"class":239},[44,14419,236],{"class":235},[44,14421,2255],{"class":58},[44,14423,7163],{"class":62},[44,14425,10875],{"class":58},[44,14427,14428,14430,14433,14435,14437],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,14429,10859],{"class":235},[44,14431,14432],{"class":239},"is_active",[44,14434,236],{"class":235},[44,14436,2255],{"class":58},[44,14438,5793],{"class":692},[44,14440,14441],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,14442,77],{"class":58},[44,14444,14445],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,14446,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,14448,14449,14451,14453,14455],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,14450,100],{"class":99},[44,14452,103],{"class":58},[44,14454,12980],{"class":89},[44,14456,108],{"class":58},[20,14458,14459],{},[30,14460,111],{},[35,14462,14464],{"className":37,"code":14463,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,14465,14466],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14467,14468,14470,14472,14474,14476,14478,14480,14482,14484,14486,14488,14490,14492,14494,14496,14498,14500,14502,14504,14506,14508],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14469,550],{"class":58},[44,14471,1018],{"class":235},[44,14473,7041],{"class":239},[44,14475,1018],{"class":235},[44,14477,2255],{"class":58},[44,14479,1012],{"class":235},[44,14481,12237],{"class":239},[44,14483,1018],{"class":235},[44,14485,66],{"class":58},[44,14487,1012],{"class":235},[44,14489,8669],{"class":239},[44,14491,1018],{"class":235},[44,14493,2255],{"class":58},[44,14495,7163],{"class":62},[44,14497,66],{"class":58},[44,14499,1012],{"class":235},[44,14501,14432],{"class":239},[44,14503,1018],{"class":235},[44,14505,2255],{"class":58},[44,14507,3286],{"class":692},[44,14509,77],{"class":58},[20,14511,14512],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[131,14514,14516],{"id":14515},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[145,14518,14519,14522,14525,14528],{},[148,14520,14521],{},"What a dictionary is",[148,14523,14524],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[148,14526,14527],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[148,14529,14530],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[131,14532,14521],{"id":14533},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,14535,8499,14536,86],{},[30,14537,8502],{},[145,14539,14540,14546],{},[148,14541,14542,14543,14545],{},"A ",[30,14544,14195],{}," is the label",[148,14547,14542,14548,14550],{},[30,14549,1843],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,14552,14553],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[35,14555,14557],{"className":37,"code":14556,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,14558,14559,14567,14583],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14560,14561,14563,14565],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14562,12220],{"class":50},[44,14564,55],{"class":54},[44,14566,10854],{"class":58},[44,14568,14569,14571,14573,14575,14577,14579,14581],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,14570,10859],{"class":235},[44,14572,7041],{"class":239},[44,14574,236],{"class":235},[44,14576,2255],{"class":58},[44,14578,247],{"class":235},[44,14580,12237],{"class":239},[44,14582,2727],{"class":235},[44,14584,14585],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,14586,77],{"class":58},[145,14588,14589,14595],{},[148,14590,14591,14594],{},[15,14592,14593],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[148,14596,14597,14600],{},[15,14598,14599],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,14602,14603],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[145,14605,14606,14608,14610,14613],{},[148,14607,7041],{},[148,14609,8669],{},[148,14611,14612],{},"email",[148,14614,14615],{},"country",[131,14617,14619],{"id":14618},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,14621,14622],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,14624,1462,14625,14627,14628,86],{},[15,14626,957],{}," and write each item as ",[15,14629,14630],{},"key: value",[35,14632,14634],{"className":37,"code":14633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14635,14636,14644,14662,14676,14693,14697,14701],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14637,14638,14640,14642],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14639,12220],{"class":50},[44,14641,55],{"class":54},[44,14643,10854],{"class":58},[44,14645,14646,14648,14650,14652,14654,14656,14658,14660],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,14647,10859],{"class":235},[44,14649,7041],{"class":239},[44,14651,236],{"class":235},[44,14653,2255],{"class":58},[44,14655,247],{"class":235},[44,14657,12237],{"class":239},[44,14659,236],{"class":235},[44,14661,10875],{"class":58},[44,14663,14664,14666,14668,14670,14672,14674],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,14665,10859],{"class":235},[44,14667,8669],{"class":239},[44,14669,236],{"class":235},[44,14671,2255],{"class":58},[44,14673,7163],{"class":62},[44,14675,10875],{"class":58},[44,14677,14678,14680,14683,14685,14687,14689,14691],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,14679,10859],{"class":235},[44,14681,14682],{"class":239},"course",[44,14684,236],{"class":235},[44,14686,2255],{"class":58},[44,14688,247],{"class":235},[44,14690,6669],{"class":239},[44,14692,2727],{"class":235},[44,14694,14695],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,14696,77],{"class":58},[44,14698,14699],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,14700,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,14702,14703,14705,14707,14709],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,14704,100],{"class":99},[44,14706,103],{"class":58},[44,14708,12980],{"class":89},[44,14710,108],{"class":58},[20,14712,14713],{},[30,14714,111],{},[35,14716,14718],{"className":37,"code":14717,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,14719,14720],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14721,14722,14724,14726,14728,14730,14732,14734,14736,14738,14740,14742,14744,14746,14748,14750,14752,14754,14756,14758,14760,14762,14764,14766],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14723,550],{"class":58},[44,14725,1018],{"class":235},[44,14727,7041],{"class":239},[44,14729,1018],{"class":235},[44,14731,2255],{"class":58},[44,14733,1012],{"class":235},[44,14735,12237],{"class":239},[44,14737,1018],{"class":235},[44,14739,66],{"class":58},[44,14741,1012],{"class":235},[44,14743,8669],{"class":239},[44,14745,1018],{"class":235},[44,14747,2255],{"class":58},[44,14749,7163],{"class":62},[44,14751,66],{"class":58},[44,14753,1012],{"class":235},[44,14755,14682],{"class":239},[44,14757,1018],{"class":235},[44,14759,2255],{"class":58},[44,14761,1012],{"class":235},[44,14763,6669],{"class":239},[44,14765,1018],{"class":235},[44,14767,77],{"class":58},[347,14769,14771],{"id":14770},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[145,14773,14774,14779,14784,14787],{},[148,14775,1462,14776,14778],{},[15,14777,957],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[148,14780,14781,14782],{},"Write each item as ",[15,14783,14630],{},[148,14785,14786],{},"Separate items with commas",[148,14788,14789],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,14791,1578],{},[35,14793,14795],{"className":37,"code":14794,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,14796,14797,14806,14826,14842,14855,14859,14863],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14798,14799,14802,14804],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14800,14801],{"class":50},"book ",[44,14803,55],{"class":54},[44,14805,10854],{"class":58},[44,14807,14808,14810,14813,14815,14817,14819,14822,14824],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,14809,10859],{"class":235},[44,14811,14812],{"class":239},"title",[44,14814,236],{"class":235},[44,14816,2255],{"class":58},[44,14818,247],{"class":235},[44,14820,14821],{"class":239},"Python Basics",[44,14823,236],{"class":235},[44,14825,10875],{"class":58},[44,14827,14828,14830,14833,14835,14837,14840],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,14829,10859],{"class":235},[44,14831,14832],{"class":239},"pages",[44,14834,236],{"class":235},[44,14836,2255],{"class":58},[44,14838,14839],{"class":62}," 150",[44,14841,10875],{"class":58},[44,14843,14844,14846,14849,14851,14853],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,14845,10859],{"class":235},[44,14847,14848],{"class":239},"available",[44,14850,236],{"class":235},[44,14852,2255],{"class":58},[44,14854,5793],{"class":692},[44,14856,14857],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,14858,77],{"class":58},[44,14860,14861],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,14862,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,14864,14865,14867,14869,14872],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,14866,100],{"class":99},[44,14868,103],{"class":58},[44,14870,14871],{"class":89},"book",[44,14873,108],{"class":58},[20,14875,14876],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[131,14878,8772],{"id":8771},[20,14880,14881],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,14883,14884],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[35,14886,14888],{"className":37,"code":14887,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,14889,14890,14898],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14891,14892,14894,14896],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14893,8536],{"class":50},[44,14895,55],{"class":54},[44,14897,976],{"class":58},[44,14899,14900,14902,14904,14906],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,14901,100],{"class":99},[44,14903,103],{"class":58},[44,14905,8575],{"class":89},[44,14907,108],{"class":58},[35,14909,14910],{"className":37,"code":8775,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,14911,14912,14922],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14913,14914,14916,14918,14920],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14915,8536],{"class":50},[44,14917,55],{"class":54},[44,14919,8541],{"class":121},[44,14921,93],{"class":58},[44,14923,14924,14926,14928,14930],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,14925,100],{"class":99},[44,14927,103],{"class":58},[44,14929,8575],{"class":89},[44,14931,108],{"class":58},[20,14933,14934],{},[30,14935,111],{},[35,14937,14938],{"className":37,"code":8804,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,14939,14940],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14941,14942],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14943,8804],{"class":58},[20,14945,14946],{},"Both are correct.",[347,14948,14950],{"id":14949},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,14952,14953,14955,14956,14959],{},[15,14954,957],{}," creates an empty ",[30,14957,14958],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,14961,14962,14963,86],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,14964,330],{},[35,14966,14968],{"className":37,"code":14967,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,14969,14970,14978,14988,14992,15006],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14971,14972,14974,14976],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14973,11084],{"class":50},[44,14975,55],{"class":54},[44,14977,976],{"class":58},[44,14979,14980,14982,14984,14986],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,14981,808],{"class":50},[44,14983,55],{"class":54},[44,14985,506],{"class":121},[44,14987,93],{"class":58},[44,14989,14990],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,14991,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,14993,14994,14996,14998,15000,15002,15004],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,14995,100],{"class":99},[44,14997,103],{"class":58},[44,14999,985],{"class":121},[44,15001,103],{"class":58},[44,15003,10813],{"class":89},[44,15005,993],{"class":58},[44,15007,15008,15010,15012,15014,15016,15018],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,15009,100],{"class":99},[44,15011,103],{"class":58},[44,15013,985],{"class":121},[44,15015,103],{"class":58},[44,15017,188],{"class":89},[44,15019,993],{"class":58},[20,15021,15022],{},[30,15023,111],{},[35,15025,15027],{"className":37,"code":15026,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15028,15029,15043],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15030,15031,15033,15035,15037,15039,15041],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15032,1005],{"class":54},[44,15034,1009],{"class":1008},[44,15036,1012],{"class":235},[44,15038,1015],{"class":239},[44,15040,1018],{"class":235},[44,15042,1021],{"class":54},[44,15044,15045,15047,15049,15051,15053,15055],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,15046,1005],{"class":54},[44,15048,1009],{"class":1008},[44,15050,1012],{"class":235},[44,15052,122],{"class":239},[44,15054,1018],{"class":235},[44,15056,1021],{"class":54},[131,15058,15060,15061],{"id":15059},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15062,8490],{},[20,15064,15065,15066,15068],{},"You can also use ",[15,15067,8490],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15070,15071],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[35,15073,15075],{"className":37,"code":15074,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15076,15077,15117],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15078,15079,15081,15083,15085,15087,15089,15091,15093,15095,15097,15099,15101,15103,15106,15108,15111,15113,15115],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15080,12220],{"class":50},[44,15082,55],{"class":54},[44,15084,8541],{"class":121},[44,15086,103],{"class":58},[44,15088,7041],{"class":8546},[44,15090,55],{"class":54},[44,15092,236],{"class":235},[44,15094,12237],{"class":239},[44,15096,236],{"class":235},[44,15098,66],{"class":58},[44,15100,8559],{"class":8546},[44,15102,55],{"class":54},[44,15104,15105],{"class":62},"20",[44,15107,66],{"class":58},[44,15109,15110],{"class":8546}," active",[44,15112,55],{"class":54},[44,15114,2974],{"class":692},[44,15116,108],{"class":58},[44,15118,15119,15121,15123,15125],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,15120,100],{"class":99},[44,15122,103],{"class":58},[44,15124,12980],{"class":89},[44,15126,108],{"class":58},[20,15128,15129],{},[30,15130,111],{},[35,15132,15134],{"className":37,"code":15133,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15135,15136],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15137,15138,15140,15142,15144,15146,15148,15150,15152,15154,15156,15158,15160,15162,15164,15166,15168,15170,15173,15175,15177,15179],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15139,550],{"class":58},[44,15141,1018],{"class":235},[44,15143,7041],{"class":239},[44,15145,1018],{"class":235},[44,15147,2255],{"class":58},[44,15149,1012],{"class":235},[44,15151,12237],{"class":239},[44,15153,1018],{"class":235},[44,15155,66],{"class":58},[44,15157,1012],{"class":235},[44,15159,8669],{"class":239},[44,15161,1018],{"class":235},[44,15163,2255],{"class":58},[44,15165,7163],{"class":62},[44,15167,66],{"class":58},[44,15169,1012],{"class":235},[44,15171,15172],{"class":239},"active",[44,15174,1018],{"class":235},[44,15176,2255],{"class":58},[44,15178,3286],{"class":692},[44,15180,77],{"class":58},[20,15182,15183],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[347,15185,15187,15188],{"id":15186},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15189,8490],{},[20,15191,15192],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[145,15194,15195,15198],{},[148,15196,15197],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[148,15199,15200],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15202,6059],{},[35,15204,15206],{"className":37,"code":15205,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15207,15208,15238],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15209,15210,15212,15214,15216,15218,15220,15222,15224,15226,15228,15230,15232,15234,15236],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15211,10849],{"class":50},[44,15213,55],{"class":54},[44,15215,8541],{"class":121},[44,15217,103],{"class":58},[44,15219,7041],{"class":8546},[44,15221,55],{"class":54},[44,15223,236],{"class":235},[44,15225,7050],{"class":239},[44,15227,236],{"class":235},[44,15229,66],{"class":58},[44,15231,8559],{"class":8546},[44,15233,55],{"class":54},[44,15235,8564],{"class":62},[44,15237,108],{"class":58},[44,15239,15240,15242,15244,15246],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,15241,100],{"class":99},[44,15243,103],{"class":58},[44,15245,10943],{"class":89},[44,15247,108],{"class":58},[20,15249,3998,15250,15252],{},[30,15251,604],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[35,15254,15256],{"className":37,"code":15255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15257,15258],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15259,15260],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15261,15255],{"class":3035},[20,15263,15264],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15266,15267],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[35,15269,15271],{"className":37,"code":15270,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15272,15273,15281,15297,15301,15305],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15274,15275,15277,15279],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15276,10849],{"class":50},[44,15278,55],{"class":54},[44,15280,10854],{"class":58},[44,15282,15283,15285,15287,15289,15291,15293,15295],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,15284,10859],{"class":235},[44,15286,9863],{"class":239},[44,15288,236],{"class":235},[44,15290,2255],{"class":58},[44,15292,247],{"class":235},[44,15294,7050],{"class":239},[44,15296,2727],{"class":235},[44,15298,15299],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,15300,77],{"class":58},[44,15302,15303],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,15304,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,15306,15307,15309,15311,15313],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,15308,100],{"class":99},[44,15310,103],{"class":58},[44,15312,10943],{"class":89},[44,15314,108],{"class":58},[131,15316,8814],{"id":8813},[20,15318,15319,15321],{},[15,15320,8490],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,15323,15324],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[35,15326,15328],{"className":37,"code":15327,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15329,15330,15387,15391,15405,15409],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15331,15332,15334,15336,15338,15340,15342,15344,15346,15348,15350,15352,15354,15356,15358,15360,15362,15364,15366,15368,15370,15372,15374,15376,15378,15380,15383,15385],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15333,8586],{"class":50},[44,15335,55],{"class":54},[44,15337,8591],{"class":58},[44,15339,236],{"class":235},[44,15341,7041],{"class":239},[44,15343,236],{"class":235},[44,15345,66],{"class":58},[44,15347,247],{"class":235},[44,15349,12237],{"class":239},[44,15351,236],{"class":235},[44,15353,8604],{"class":58},[44,15355,8607],{"class":58},[44,15357,236],{"class":235},[44,15359,8669],{"class":239},[44,15361,236],{"class":235},[44,15363,66],{"class":58},[44,15365,7163],{"class":62},[44,15367,8604],{"class":58},[44,15369,8607],{"class":58},[44,15371,236],{"class":235},[44,15373,9777],{"class":239},[44,15375,236],{"class":235},[44,15377,66],{"class":58},[44,15379,247],{"class":235},[44,15381,15382],{"class":239},"Lima",[44,15384,236],{"class":235},[44,15386,8620],{"class":58},[44,15388,15389],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,15390,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,15392,15393,15395,15397,15399,15401,15403],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,15394,12220],{"class":50},[44,15396,55],{"class":54},[44,15398,8541],{"class":121},[44,15400,103],{"class":58},[44,15402,8633],{"class":89},[44,15404,108],{"class":58},[44,15406,15407],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,15408,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,15410,15411,15413,15415,15417],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,15412,100],{"class":99},[44,15414,103],{"class":58},[44,15416,12980],{"class":89},[44,15418,108],{"class":58},[20,15420,15421],{},[30,15422,111],{},[35,15424,15426],{"className":37,"code":15425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,15427,15428],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15429,15430,15432,15434,15436,15438,15440,15442,15444,15446,15448,15450,15452,15454,15456,15458,15460,15462,15464,15466,15468,15470,15472,15474],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15431,550],{"class":58},[44,15433,1018],{"class":235},[44,15435,7041],{"class":239},[44,15437,1018],{"class":235},[44,15439,2255],{"class":58},[44,15441,1012],{"class":235},[44,15443,12237],{"class":239},[44,15445,1018],{"class":235},[44,15447,66],{"class":58},[44,15449,1012],{"class":235},[44,15451,8669],{"class":239},[44,15453,1018],{"class":235},[44,15455,2255],{"class":58},[44,15457,7163],{"class":62},[44,15459,66],{"class":58},[44,15461,1012],{"class":235},[44,15463,9777],{"class":239},[44,15465,1018],{"class":235},[44,15467,2255],{"class":58},[44,15469,1012],{"class":235},[44,15471,15382],{"class":239},[44,15473,1018],{"class":235},[44,15475,77],{"class":58},[20,15477,15478],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[35,15480,15482],{"className":37,"code":15481,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,15483,15484,15525],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15485,15486,15488,15490,15492,15495,15497,15499,15501,15503,15505,15507,15509,15511,15513,15515,15517,15519,15521,15523],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15487,12220],{"class":50},[44,15489,55],{"class":54},[44,15491,8541],{"class":121},[44,15493,15494],{"class":58},"(((",[44,15496,236],{"class":235},[44,15498,7041],{"class":239},[44,15500,236],{"class":235},[44,15502,66],{"class":58},[44,15504,247],{"class":235},[44,15506,12237],{"class":239},[44,15508,236],{"class":235},[44,15510,8604],{"class":58},[44,15512,8607],{"class":58},[44,15514,236],{"class":235},[44,15516,8669],{"class":239},[44,15518,236],{"class":235},[44,15520,66],{"class":58},[44,15522,7163],{"class":62},[44,15524,2283],{"class":58},[44,15526,15527,15529,15531,15533],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,15528,100],{"class":99},[44,15530,103],{"class":58},[44,15532,12980],{"class":89},[44,15534,108],{"class":58},[20,15536,15537],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[131,15539,15541],{"id":15540},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,15543,15544],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[145,15546,15547,15550,15553,15556],{},[148,15548,15549],{},"Keys must be unique",[148,15551,15552],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[148,15554,15555],{},"Values can repeat",[148,15557,15558],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[347,15560,15562],{"id":15561},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[35,15564,15566],{"className":37,"code":15565,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,15567,15568,15576,15594,15611,15615,15619],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15569,15570,15572,15574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15571,8536],{"class":50},[44,15573,55],{"class":54},[44,15575,10854],{"class":58},[44,15577,15578,15580,15582,15584,15586,15588,15590,15592],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,15579,10859],{"class":235},[44,15581,7041],{"class":239},[44,15583,236],{"class":235},[44,15585,2255],{"class":58},[44,15587,247],{"class":235},[44,15589,12237],{"class":239},[44,15591,236],{"class":235},[44,15593,10875],{"class":58},[44,15595,15596,15598,15600,15602,15604,15606,15609],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,15597,10859],{"class":235},[44,15599,7041],{"class":239},[44,15601,236],{"class":235},[44,15603,2255],{"class":58},[44,15605,247],{"class":235},[44,15607,15608],{"class":239},"Maria",[44,15610,2727],{"class":235},[44,15612,15613],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,15614,77],{"class":58},[44,15616,15617],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,15618,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,15620,15621,15623,15625,15627],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,15622,100],{"class":99},[44,15624,103],{"class":58},[44,15626,8575],{"class":89},[44,15628,108],{"class":58},[20,15630,15631],{},[30,15632,111],{},[35,15634,15636],{"className":37,"code":15635,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,15637,15638],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15639,15640,15642,15644,15646,15648,15650,15652,15654,15656],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15641,550],{"class":58},[44,15643,1018],{"class":235},[44,15645,7041],{"class":239},[44,15647,1018],{"class":235},[44,15649,2255],{"class":58},[44,15651,1012],{"class":235},[44,15653,15608],{"class":239},[44,15655,1018],{"class":235},[44,15657,77],{"class":58},[20,15659,15660],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[347,15662,15664],{"id":15663},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[35,15666,15668],{"className":37,"code":15667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,15669,15670,15678,15694,15710,15724,15728,15732],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15671,15672,15674,15676],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15673,4434],{"class":50},[44,15675,55],{"class":54},[44,15677,10854],{"class":58},[44,15679,15680,15683,15685,15687,15690,15692],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,15681,15682],{"class":62},"    1",[44,15684,2255],{"class":58},[44,15686,247],{"class":235},[44,15688,15689],{"class":239},"low",[44,15691,236],{"class":235},[44,15693,10875],{"class":58},[44,15695,15696,15699,15701,15703,15706,15708],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,15697,15698],{"class":62},"    2",[44,15700,2255],{"class":58},[44,15702,247],{"class":235},[44,15704,15705],{"class":239},"medium",[44,15707,236],{"class":235},[44,15709,10875],{"class":58},[44,15711,15712,15715,15717,15719,15722],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,15713,15714],{"class":62},"    3",[44,15716,2255],{"class":58},[44,15718,247],{"class":235},[44,15720,15721],{"class":239},"high",[44,15723,2727],{"class":235},[44,15725,15726],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,15727,77],{"class":58},[44,15729,15730],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,15731,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,15733,15734,15736,15738,15741],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,15735,100],{"class":99},[44,15737,103],{"class":58},[44,15739,15740],{"class":89},"scores",[44,15742,108],{"class":58},[347,15744,15746],{"id":15745},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,15748,15749],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,15751,15752],{},"This will cause an error:",[35,15754,15756],{"className":37,"code":15755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,15757,15758,15763,15768],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15759,15760],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15761,15762],{"class":3035},"# bad = {\n",[44,15764,15765],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,15766,15767],{"class":3035},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[44,15769,15770],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,15771,15772],{"class":3035},"# }\n",[20,15774,15775],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[35,15777,15779],{"className":37,"code":15778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,15780,15781,15790,15810,15814,15818],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15782,15783,15786,15788],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15784,15785],{"class":50},"good ",[44,15787,55],{"class":54},[44,15789,10854],{"class":58},[44,15791,15792,15795,15797,15799,15801,15804,15806,15808],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,15793,15794],{"class":58},"    (",[44,15796,63],{"class":62},[44,15798,66],{"class":58},[44,15800,69],{"class":62},[44,15802,15803],{"class":58},"):",[44,15805,247],{"class":235},[44,15807,83],{"class":239},[44,15809,2727],{"class":235},[44,15811,15812],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,15813,77],{"class":58},[44,15815,15816],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,15817,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,15819,15820,15822,15824,15827],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,15821,100],{"class":99},[44,15823,103],{"class":58},[44,15825,15826],{"class":89},"good",[44,15828,108],{"class":58},[131,15830,15832],{"id":15831},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,15834,15835],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,15837,15838],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[145,15840,15841,15844,15846,15849],{},[148,15842,15843],{},"user data",[148,15845,13239],{},[148,15847,15848],{},"counters",[148,15850,15851],{},"lookups",[20,15853,1578],{},[35,15855,15857],{"className":37,"code":15856,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,15858,15859,15867,15886,15905,15917,15921,15925],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15860,15861,15863,15865],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15862,10849],{"class":50},[44,15864,55],{"class":54},[44,15866,10854],{"class":58},[44,15868,15869,15871,15873,15875,15877,15879,15882,15884],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,15870,10859],{"class":235},[44,15872,7358],{"class":239},[44,15874,236],{"class":235},[44,15876,2255],{"class":58},[44,15878,247],{"class":235},[44,15880,15881],{"class":239},"ana123",[44,15883,236],{"class":235},[44,15885,10875],{"class":58},[44,15887,15888,15890,15892,15894,15896,15898,15901,15903],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,15889,10859],{"class":235},[44,15891,14612],{"class":239},[44,15893,236],{"class":235},[44,15895,2255],{"class":58},[44,15897,247],{"class":235},[44,15899,15900],{"class":239},"ana@example.com",[44,15902,236],{"class":235},[44,15904,10875],{"class":58},[44,15906,15907,15909,15911,15913,15915],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,15908,10859],{"class":235},[44,15910,11873],{"class":239},[44,15912,236],{"class":235},[44,15914,2255],{"class":58},[44,15916,5793],{"class":692},[44,15918,15919],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,15920,77],{"class":58},[44,15922,15923],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,15924,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,15926,15927,15929,15931,15933,15935,15937,15939,15941],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,15928,100],{"class":99},[44,15930,103],{"class":58},[44,15932,10943],{"class":89},[44,15934,3270],{"class":58},[44,15936,236],{"class":235},[44,15938,14612],{"class":239},[44,15940,236],{"class":235},[44,15942,3258],{"class":58},[20,15944,15945,15946,86],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[167,15947,15949],{"href":15948},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,15951,15952],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[145,15954,15955,15958,15961],{},[148,15956,15957],{},"labels are not needed",[148,15959,15960],{},"you mostly care about position",[148,15962,15963],{},"order matters more than named fields",[131,15965,2200],{"id":2199},[20,15967,15968],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[145,15970,15971,15974,15977,15980,15983],{},[148,15972,15973],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[148,15975,15976],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[148,15978,15979],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[148,15981,15982],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[148,15984,15985,15986,15988],{},"Mixing up ",[15,15987,957],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[347,15990,15992],{"id":15991},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,15994,798],{},[35,15996,15998],{"className":37,"code":15997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,15999,16000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16001,16002],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16003,15997],{"class":3035},[20,16005,862],{},[35,16007,16009],{"className":37,"code":16008,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16010,16011,16035],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16012,16013,16015,16017,16019,16021,16023,16025,16027,16029,16031,16033],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16014,12220],{"class":50},[44,16016,55],{"class":54},[44,16018,59],{"class":58},[44,16020,236],{"class":235},[44,16022,7041],{"class":239},[44,16024,236],{"class":235},[44,16026,2255],{"class":58},[44,16028,247],{"class":235},[44,16030,12237],{"class":239},[44,16032,236],{"class":235},[44,16034,77],{"class":58},[44,16036,16037,16039,16041,16043],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,16038,100],{"class":99},[44,16040,103],{"class":58},[44,16042,12980],{"class":89},[44,16044,108],{"class":58},[347,16046,16048],{"id":16047},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16050,798],{},[35,16052,16054],{"className":37,"code":16053,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16055,16056],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16057,16058],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16059,16053],{"class":3035},[20,16061,16062,16063,16065,16066,16068],{},"This only works if ",[15,16064,7041],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16067,14593],{},", use quotes.",[20,16070,862],{},[35,16072,16073],{"className":37,"code":16008,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,16074,16075,16099],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16076,16077,16079,16081,16083,16085,16087,16089,16091,16093,16095,16097],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16078,12220],{"class":50},[44,16080,55],{"class":54},[44,16082,59],{"class":58},[44,16084,236],{"class":235},[44,16086,7041],{"class":239},[44,16088,236],{"class":235},[44,16090,2255],{"class":58},[44,16092,247],{"class":235},[44,16094,12237],{"class":239},[44,16096,236],{"class":235},[44,16098,77],{"class":58},[44,16100,16101,16103,16105,16107],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,16102,100],{"class":99},[44,16104,103],{"class":58},[44,16106,12980],{"class":89},[44,16108,108],{"class":58},[347,16110,16112],{"id":16111},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[35,16114,16116],{"className":37,"code":16115,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16117,16118,16150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16119,16120,16122,16124,16126,16128,16130,16132,16134,16136,16138,16140,16142,16144,16146,16148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16121,8536],{"class":50},[44,16123,55],{"class":54},[44,16125,59],{"class":58},[44,16127,236],{"class":235},[44,16129,8669],{"class":239},[44,16131,236],{"class":235},[44,16133,2255],{"class":58},[44,16135,7163],{"class":62},[44,16137,66],{"class":58},[44,16139,247],{"class":235},[44,16141,8669],{"class":239},[44,16143,236],{"class":235},[44,16145,2255],{"class":58},[44,16147,7168],{"class":62},[44,16149,77],{"class":58},[44,16151,16152,16154,16156,16158],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,16153,100],{"class":99},[44,16155,103],{"class":58},[44,16157,8575],{"class":89},[44,16159,108],{"class":58},[20,16161,16162],{},[30,16163,111],{},[35,16165,16167],{"className":37,"code":16166,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16168,16169],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16170,16171,16173,16175,16177,16179,16181,16183],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16172,550],{"class":58},[44,16174,1018],{"class":235},[44,16176,8669],{"class":239},[44,16178,1018],{"class":235},[44,16180,2255],{"class":58},[44,16182,7168],{"class":62},[44,16184,77],{"class":58},[131,16186,16188],{"id":16187},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16190,16191],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[35,16193,16195],{"className":37,"code":16194,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16196,16197,16233,16237,16247,16261,16276,16290],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16198,16199,16201,16203,16205,16207,16209,16211,16213,16215,16217,16219,16221,16223,16225,16227,16229,16231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16200,11084],{"class":50},[44,16202,55],{"class":54},[44,16204,59],{"class":58},[44,16206,236],{"class":235},[44,16208,7041],{"class":239},[44,16210,236],{"class":235},[44,16212,2255],{"class":58},[44,16214,247],{"class":235},[44,16216,12237],{"class":239},[44,16218,236],{"class":235},[44,16220,66],{"class":58},[44,16222,247],{"class":235},[44,16224,8669],{"class":239},[44,16226,236],{"class":235},[44,16228,2255],{"class":58},[44,16230,7163],{"class":62},[44,16232,77],{"class":58},[44,16234,16235],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,16236,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,16238,16239,16241,16243,16245],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,16240,100],{"class":99},[44,16242,103],{"class":58},[44,16244,10813],{"class":89},[44,16246,108],{"class":58},[44,16248,16249,16251,16253,16255,16257,16259],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,16250,100],{"class":99},[44,16252,103],{"class":58},[44,16254,985],{"class":121},[44,16256,103],{"class":58},[44,16258,10813],{"class":89},[44,16260,993],{"class":58},[44,16262,16263,16265,16267,16269,16271,16274],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,16264,100],{"class":99},[44,16266,103],{"class":58},[44,16268,10813],{"class":89},[44,16270,86],{"class":58},[44,16272,16273],{"class":89},"keys",[44,16275,6566],{"class":58},[44,16277,16278,16280,16282,16284,16286,16288],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,16279,100],{"class":99},[44,16281,103],{"class":58},[44,16283,10813],{"class":89},[44,16285,86],{"class":58},[44,16287,4727],{"class":89},[44,16289,6566],{"class":58},[44,16291,16292,16294,16296,16298,16300,16302],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,16293,100],{"class":99},[44,16295,103],{"class":58},[44,16297,10529],{"class":99},[44,16299,103],{"class":58},[44,16301,10813],{"class":89},[44,16303,993],{"class":58},[20,16305,16306],{},[30,16307,16308],{},"Example output:",[35,16310,16312],{"className":37,"code":16311,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16313,16314,16346,16360,16383,16402],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16315,16316,16318,16320,16322,16324,16326,16328,16330,16332,16334,16336,16338,16340,16342,16344],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16317,550],{"class":58},[44,16319,1018],{"class":235},[44,16321,7041],{"class":239},[44,16323,1018],{"class":235},[44,16325,2255],{"class":58},[44,16327,1012],{"class":235},[44,16329,12237],{"class":239},[44,16331,1018],{"class":235},[44,16333,66],{"class":58},[44,16335,1012],{"class":235},[44,16337,8669],{"class":239},[44,16339,1018],{"class":235},[44,16341,2255],{"class":58},[44,16343,7163],{"class":62},[44,16345,77],{"class":58},[44,16347,16348,16350,16352,16354,16356,16358],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,16349,1005],{"class":54},[44,16351,1009],{"class":1008},[44,16353,1012],{"class":235},[44,16355,1015],{"class":239},[44,16357,1018],{"class":235},[44,16359,1021],{"class":54},[44,16361,16362,16365,16367,16369,16371,16373,16375,16377,16379,16381],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,16363,16364],{"class":89},"dict_keys",[44,16366,2357],{"class":58},[44,16368,1018],{"class":235},[44,16370,7041],{"class":239},[44,16372,1018],{"class":235},[44,16374,66],{"class":58},[44,16376,1012],{"class":235},[44,16378,8669],{"class":239},[44,16380,1018],{"class":235},[44,16382,3258],{"class":58},[44,16384,16385,16388,16390,16392,16394,16396,16398,16400],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,16386,16387],{"class":89},"dict_values",[44,16389,2357],{"class":58},[44,16391,1018],{"class":235},[44,16393,12237],{"class":239},[44,16395,1018],{"class":235},[44,16397,66],{"class":58},[44,16399,7163],{"class":62},[44,16401,3258],{"class":58},[44,16403,16404],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,16405,16406],{"class":62},"2\n",[20,16408,16409,16410,1559,16416,16422,16423,86],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[167,16411,10105,16413],{"href":16412},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,16414,16415],{},"keys()",[167,16417,10105,16419],{"href":16418},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,16420,16421],{},"values()",", and ",[167,16424,10105,16426],{"href":16425},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,16427,16428],{},"items()",[131,16430,1196],{"id":1195},[347,16432,16434],{"id":16433},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,16436,1462,16437,945,16439,16441],{},[15,16438,957],{},[15,16440,8490],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[347,16443,16445],{"id":16444},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,16447,16448,16449,86],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,16450,16451],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[347,16453,16455],{"id":16454},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,16457,16458],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[347,16460,16462],{"id":16461},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,16464,16465],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[347,16467,1234,16469,342,16471,1239],{"id":16468},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,16470,957],{},[15,16472,8490],{},[20,16474,16475,16477,16478,16480],{},[15,16476,957],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,16479,8490],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[131,16482,1251],{"id":1250},[145,16484,16485,16489,16495,16499,16505],{},[148,16486,16487],{},[167,16488,8526],{"href":8525},[148,16490,16491],{},[167,16492,10105,16493,1272],{"href":10104},[15,16494,10108],{},[148,16496,16497],{},[167,16498,10619],{"href":10099},[148,16500,16501],{},[167,16502,16504],{"href":16503},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[148,16506,16507],{},[167,16508,10630],{"href":10441},[20,16510,16511],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1294,16513,16514],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":16516},[16517,16518,16519,16520,16523,16526,16531,16532,16537,16538,16543,16544,16552],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":14515,"depth":80,"text":14516},{"id":14533,"depth":80,"text":14521},{"id":14618,"depth":80,"text":14619,"children":16521},[16522],{"id":14770,"depth":96,"text":14771},{"id":8771,"depth":80,"text":8772,"children":16524},[16525],{"id":14949,"depth":96,"text":14950},{"id":15059,"depth":80,"text":16527,"children":16528},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[16529],{"id":15186,"depth":96,"text":16530},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":8813,"depth":80,"text":8814},{"id":15540,"depth":80,"text":15541,"children":16533},[16534,16535,16536],{"id":15561,"depth":96,"text":15562},{"id":15663,"depth":96,"text":15664},{"id":15745,"depth":96,"text":15746},{"id":15831,"depth":80,"text":15832},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200,"children":16539},[16540,16541,16542],{"id":15991,"depth":96,"text":15992},{"id":16047,"depth":96,"text":16048},{"id":16111,"depth":96,"text":16112},{"id":16187,"depth":80,"text":16188},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":16545},[16546,16547,16548,16549,16550],{"id":16433,"depth":96,"text":16434},{"id":16444,"depth":96,"text":16445},{"id":16454,"depth":96,"text":16455},{"id":16461,"depth":96,"text":16462},{"id":16468,"depth":96,"text":16551},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14358,"description":16553},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":16559,"title":16560,"body":16561,"description":19008,"extension":1331,"meta":19009,"navigation":268,"path":19010,"seo":19011,"stem":19012,"__hash__":19013},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":16562,"toc":18964},[16563,16569,16575,16578,16581,16583,16665,16671,16676,16680,16698,16710,16715,16719,16742,16746,16758,16766,16768,16774,16776,16779,16852,16854,16899,16901,16918,16923,16929,16934,17008,17010,17055,17058,17069,17071,17190,17192,17245,17252,17256,17259,17276,17282,17286,17384,17386,17438,17445,17449,17455,17458,17461,17488,17493,17497,17500,17604,17606,17651,17654,17657,17662,17667,17678,17680,17741,17801,17807,17815,17821,17826,17831,17891,17895,17962,17965,17969,18040,18043,18056,18063,18065,18069,18073,18144,18146,18183,18186,18189,18252,18259,18262,18304,18314,18317,18386,18392,18397,18481,18483,18532,18539,18545,18590,18592,18625,18630,18634,18640,18679,18723,18791,18834,18836,18842,18845,18849,18854,18858,18861,18865,18867,18928,18930,18956,18961],[10,16564,10686,16566,18],{"id":16565},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,16567,16568],{},"fromkeys()",[20,16570,16571,16574],{},[15,16572,16573],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,16576,16577],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,16579,16580],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[131,16582,1372],{"id":1371},[35,16584,16586],{"className":37,"code":16585,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,16587,16588,16621,16649,16660],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16589,16590,16593,16595,16597,16599,16601,16603,16605,16607,16609,16611,16613,16615,16617,16619],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16591,16592],{"class":50},"keys ",[44,16594,55],{"class":54},[44,16596,2993],{"class":58},[44,16598,236],{"class":235},[44,16600,7041],{"class":239},[44,16602,236],{"class":235},[44,16604,66],{"class":58},[44,16606,247],{"class":235},[44,16608,8669],{"class":239},[44,16610,236],{"class":235},[44,16612,66],{"class":58},[44,16614,247],{"class":235},[44,16616,9777],{"class":239},[44,16618,236],{"class":235},[44,16620,3006],{"class":58},[44,16622,16623,16625,16627,16629,16631,16634,16636,16638,16640,16642,16645,16647],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,16624,12558],{"class":50},[44,16626,55],{"class":54},[44,16628,8541],{"class":121},[44,16630,86],{"class":58},[44,16632,16633],{"class":89},"fromkeys",[44,16635,103],{"class":58},[44,16637,16273],{"class":89},[44,16639,66],{"class":58},[44,16641,247],{"class":235},[44,16643,16644],{"class":239},"unknown",[44,16646,236],{"class":235},[44,16648,108],{"class":58},[44,16650,16651,16653,16655,16658],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,16652,100],{"class":99},[44,16654,103],{"class":58},[44,16656,16657],{"class":89},"person",[44,16659,108],{"class":58},[44,16661,16662],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,16663,16664],{"class":3035},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,16666,1462,16667,16670],{},[15,16668,16669],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[131,16672,134,16674,137],{"id":16673},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,16675,16573],{},[20,16677,16678,2255],{},[15,16679,16573],{},[145,16681,16682,16685,16688,16691],{},[148,16683,16684],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[148,16686,16687],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[148,16689,16690],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[148,16692,16693,16694,16697],{},"Is called as ",[15,16695,16696],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,16699,16700,16701,16703,16704,16706,16707,86],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,16702,1015],{},", so you write ",[15,16705,16696],{}," instead of something like ",[15,16708,16709],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,16711,16712,16713,86],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[167,16714,8526],{"href":12380},[131,16716,16718],{"id":16717},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[35,16720,16722],{"className":37,"code":16721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,16723,16724],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16725,16726,16728,16730,16732,16734,16736,16738,16740],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16727,1015],{"class":121},[44,16729,86],{"class":58},[44,16731,16633],{"class":89},[44,16733,103],{"class":58},[44,16735,3091],{"class":89},[44,16737,66],{"class":58},[44,16739,7807],{"class":89},[44,16741,108],{"class":58},[347,16743,16745],{"id":16744},"parameters","Parameters",[145,16747,16748,16753],{},[148,16749,16750,16752],{},[15,16751,3091],{},": the keys to use",[148,16754,16755,16757],{},[15,16756,1843],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,16759,16760,16761,16763,16764,86],{},"If you leave out ",[15,16762,1843],{},", each key gets ",[15,16765,159],{},[347,16767,596],{"id":595},[20,16769,16770,16771,86],{},"It returns a ",[30,16772,16773],{},"new dictionary",[131,16775,5157],{"id":5156},[20,16777,16778],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[35,16780,16782],{"className":37,"code":16781,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,16783,16784,16816,16838,16842],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16785,16786,16788,16790,16792,16794,16796,16798,16800,16802,16804,16806,16808,16810,16812,16814],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16787,16592],{"class":50},[44,16789,55],{"class":54},[44,16791,2993],{"class":58},[44,16793,236],{"class":235},[44,16795,240],{"class":239},[44,16797,236],{"class":235},[44,16799,66],{"class":58},[44,16801,247],{"class":235},[44,16803,250],{"class":239},[44,16805,236],{"class":235},[44,16807,66],{"class":58},[44,16809,247],{"class":235},[44,16811,259],{"class":239},[44,16813,236],{"class":235},[44,16815,3006],{"class":58},[44,16817,16818,16820,16822,16824,16826,16828,16830,16832,16834,16836],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,16819,228],{"class":50},[44,16821,55],{"class":54},[44,16823,8541],{"class":121},[44,16825,86],{"class":58},[44,16827,16633],{"class":89},[44,16829,103],{"class":58},[44,16831,16273],{"class":89},[44,16833,66],{"class":58},[44,16835,3202],{"class":62},[44,16837,108],{"class":58},[44,16839,16840],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,16841,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,16843,16844,16846,16848,16850],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,16845,100],{"class":99},[44,16847,103],{"class":58},[44,16849,274],{"class":89},[44,16851,108],{"class":58},[20,16853,111],{},[35,16855,16857],{"className":37,"code":16856,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,16858,16859],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16860,16861,16863,16865,16867,16869,16871,16873,16875,16877,16879,16881,16883,16885,16887,16889,16891,16893,16895,16897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16862,550],{"class":58},[44,16864,1018],{"class":235},[44,16866,240],{"class":239},[44,16868,1018],{"class":235},[44,16870,2255],{"class":58},[44,16872,3202],{"class":62},[44,16874,66],{"class":58},[44,16876,1012],{"class":235},[44,16878,250],{"class":239},[44,16880,1018],{"class":235},[44,16882,2255],{"class":58},[44,16884,3202],{"class":62},[44,16886,66],{"class":58},[44,16888,1012],{"class":235},[44,16890,259],{"class":239},[44,16892,1018],{"class":235},[44,16894,2255],{"class":58},[44,16896,3202],{"class":62},[44,16898,77],{"class":58},[20,16900,311],{},[145,16902,16903,16908,16913],{},[148,16904,16905,16907],{},[15,16906,16273],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[148,16909,16910,16912],{},[15,16911,1490],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[148,16914,16915,16917],{},[15,16916,16573],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,16919,16920,16921,86],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[167,16922,8761],{"href":12383},[131,16924,350,16926,16928],{"id":16925},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,16927,16568],{}," without a value",[20,16930,16931,16932,86],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,16933,159],{},[35,16935,16937],{"className":37,"code":16936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,16938,16939,16973,16993,16997],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16940,16941,16944,16946,16948,16950,16952,16954,16956,16958,16960,16962,16964,16966,16969,16971],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16942,16943],{"class":50},"fields ",[44,16945,55],{"class":54},[44,16947,2993],{"class":58},[44,16949,236],{"class":235},[44,16951,7358],{"class":239},[44,16953,236],{"class":235},[44,16955,66],{"class":58},[44,16957,247],{"class":235},[44,16959,14612],{"class":239},[44,16961,236],{"class":235},[44,16963,66],{"class":58},[44,16965,247],{"class":235},[44,16967,16968],{"class":239},"password",[44,16970,236],{"class":235},[44,16972,3006],{"class":58},[44,16974,16975,16978,16980,16982,16984,16986,16988,16991],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,16976,16977],{"class":50},"user_data ",[44,16979,55],{"class":54},[44,16981,8541],{"class":121},[44,16983,86],{"class":58},[44,16985,16633],{"class":89},[44,16987,103],{"class":58},[44,16989,16990],{"class":89},"fields",[44,16992,108],{"class":58},[44,16994,16995],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,16996,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,16998,16999,17001,17003,17006],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,17000,100],{"class":99},[44,17002,103],{"class":58},[44,17004,17005],{"class":89},"user_data",[44,17007,108],{"class":58},[20,17009,111],{},[35,17011,17013],{"className":37,"code":17012,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17014,17015],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17016,17017,17019,17021,17023,17025,17027,17029,17031,17033,17035,17037,17039,17041,17043,17045,17047,17049,17051,17053],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17018,550],{"class":58},[44,17020,1018],{"class":235},[44,17022,7358],{"class":239},[44,17024,1018],{"class":235},[44,17026,2255],{"class":58},[44,17028,3221],{"class":692},[44,17030,66],{"class":58},[44,17032,1012],{"class":235},[44,17034,14612],{"class":239},[44,17036,1018],{"class":235},[44,17038,2255],{"class":58},[44,17040,3221],{"class":692},[44,17042,66],{"class":58},[44,17044,1012],{"class":235},[44,17046,16968],{"class":239},[44,17048,1018],{"class":235},[44,17050,2255],{"class":58},[44,17052,3221],{"class":692},[44,17054,77],{"class":58},[20,17056,17057],{},"This is useful when:",[145,17059,17060,17063,17066],{},[148,17061,17062],{},"You want to create the keys first",[148,17064,17065],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[148,17067,17068],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17070,1578],{},[35,17072,17074],{"className":37,"code":17073,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17075,17076,17108,17126,17130,17153,17176,17180],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17077,17078,17080,17082,17084,17086,17088,17090,17092,17094,17096,17098,17100,17102,17104,17106],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17079,16943],{"class":50},[44,17081,55],{"class":54},[44,17083,2993],{"class":58},[44,17085,236],{"class":235},[44,17087,7358],{"class":239},[44,17089,236],{"class":235},[44,17091,66],{"class":58},[44,17093,247],{"class":235},[44,17095,14612],{"class":239},[44,17097,236],{"class":235},[44,17099,66],{"class":58},[44,17101,247],{"class":235},[44,17103,16968],{"class":239},[44,17105,236],{"class":235},[44,17107,3006],{"class":58},[44,17109,17110,17112,17114,17116,17118,17120,17122,17124],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,17111,16977],{"class":50},[44,17113,55],{"class":54},[44,17115,8541],{"class":121},[44,17117,86],{"class":58},[44,17119,16633],{"class":89},[44,17121,103],{"class":58},[44,17123,16990],{"class":89},[44,17125,108],{"class":58},[44,17127,17128],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,17129,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,17131,17132,17134,17136,17138,17140,17142,17144,17146,17148,17151],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,17133,17005],{"class":50},[44,17135,3270],{"class":58},[44,17137,236],{"class":235},[44,17139,7358],{"class":239},[44,17141,236],{"class":235},[44,17143,12627],{"class":58},[44,17145,12630],{"class":54},[44,17147,247],{"class":235},[44,17149,17150],{"class":239},"alice",[44,17152,2727],{"class":235},[44,17154,17155,17157,17159,17161,17163,17165,17167,17169,17171,17174],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,17156,17005],{"class":50},[44,17158,3270],{"class":58},[44,17160,236],{"class":235},[44,17162,14612],{"class":239},[44,17164,236],{"class":235},[44,17166,12627],{"class":58},[44,17168,12630],{"class":54},[44,17170,247],{"class":235},[44,17172,17173],{"class":239},"alice@example.com",[44,17175,2727],{"class":235},[44,17177,17178],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,17179,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,17181,17182,17184,17186,17188],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,17183,100],{"class":99},[44,17185,103],{"class":58},[44,17187,17005],{"class":89},[44,17189,108],{"class":58},[20,17191,111],{},[35,17193,17195],{"className":37,"code":17194,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17196,17197],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17198,17199,17201,17203,17205,17207,17209,17211,17213,17215,17217,17219,17221,17223,17225,17227,17229,17231,17233,17235,17237,17239,17241,17243],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17200,550],{"class":58},[44,17202,1018],{"class":235},[44,17204,7358],{"class":239},[44,17206,1018],{"class":235},[44,17208,2255],{"class":58},[44,17210,1012],{"class":235},[44,17212,17150],{"class":239},[44,17214,1018],{"class":235},[44,17216,66],{"class":58},[44,17218,1012],{"class":235},[44,17220,14612],{"class":239},[44,17222,1018],{"class":235},[44,17224,2255],{"class":58},[44,17226,1012],{"class":235},[44,17228,17173],{"class":239},[44,17230,1018],{"class":235},[44,17232,66],{"class":58},[44,17234,1012],{"class":235},[44,17236,16968],{"class":239},[44,17238,1018],{"class":235},[44,17240,2255],{"class":58},[44,17242,3221],{"class":692},[44,17244,77],{"class":58},[20,17246,17247,17248,86],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[167,17249,17251],{"href":17250},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[131,17253,17255],{"id":17254},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17257,17258],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[145,17260,17261,17266,17271],{},[148,17262,17263,17265],{},[15,17264,3157],{}," (list)",[148,17267,17268,17270],{},[15,17269,957],{}," (dictionary)",[148,17272,17273,17275],{},[15,17274,330],{}," (set)",[20,17277,17278,17279,86],{},"All keys will point to the ",[30,17280,17281],{},"same object",[347,17283,17285],{"id":17284},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[35,17287,17289],{"className":37,"code":17288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17290,17291,17323,17344,17348,17370,17374],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17292,17293,17295,17297,17299,17301,17303,17305,17307,17309,17311,17313,17315,17317,17319,17321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17294,16592],{"class":50},[44,17296,55],{"class":54},[44,17298,2993],{"class":58},[44,17300,236],{"class":235},[44,17302,167],{"class":239},[44,17304,236],{"class":235},[44,17306,66],{"class":58},[44,17308,247],{"class":235},[44,17310,1164],{"class":239},[44,17312,236],{"class":235},[44,17314,66],{"class":58},[44,17316,247],{"class":235},[44,17318,9109],{"class":239},[44,17320,236],{"class":235},[44,17322,3006],{"class":58},[44,17324,17325,17327,17329,17331,17333,17335,17337,17339,17341],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,17326,8536],{"class":50},[44,17328,55],{"class":54},[44,17330,8541],{"class":121},[44,17332,86],{"class":58},[44,17334,16633],{"class":89},[44,17336,103],{"class":58},[44,17338,16273],{"class":89},[44,17340,66],{"class":58},[44,17342,17343],{"class":58}," [])\n",[44,17345,17346],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,17347,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,17349,17350,17352,17354,17356,17358,17360,17362,17364,17366,17368],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,17351,8575],{"class":50},[44,17353,3270],{"class":58},[44,17355,236],{"class":235},[44,17357,167],{"class":239},[44,17359,236],{"class":235},[44,17361,12904],{"class":58},[44,17363,12907],{"class":89},[44,17365,103],{"class":58},[44,17367,63],{"class":62},[44,17369,108],{"class":58},[44,17371,17372],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,17373,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,17375,17376,17378,17380,17382],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,17377,100],{"class":99},[44,17379,103],{"class":58},[44,17381,8575],{"class":89},[44,17383,108],{"class":58},[20,17385,111],{},[35,17387,17389],{"className":37,"code":17388,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,17390,17391],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17392,17393,17395,17397,17399,17401,17403,17405,17407,17410,17412,17414,17416,17418,17420,17422,17424,17426,17428,17430,17432,17434,17436],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17394,550],{"class":58},[44,17396,1018],{"class":235},[44,17398,167],{"class":239},[44,17400,1018],{"class":235},[44,17402,2255],{"class":58},[44,17404,2993],{"class":58},[44,17406,63],{"class":62},[44,17408,17409],{"class":58},"],",[44,17411,1012],{"class":235},[44,17413,1164],{"class":239},[44,17415,1018],{"class":235},[44,17417,2255],{"class":58},[44,17419,2993],{"class":58},[44,17421,63],{"class":62},[44,17423,17409],{"class":58},[44,17425,1012],{"class":235},[44,17427,9109],{"class":239},[44,17429,1018],{"class":235},[44,17431,2255],{"class":58},[44,17433,2993],{"class":58},[44,17435,63],{"class":62},[44,17437,13060],{"class":58},[20,17439,17440,17441,17444],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,17442,17443],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[347,17446,17448],{"id":17447},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,17450,17451,17454],{},[15,17452,17453],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,17456,17457],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,17459,17460],{},"So this:",[35,17462,17464],{"className":37,"code":17463,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,17465,17466],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17467,17468,17470,17472,17474,17476,17478,17480,17482,17484,17486],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17469,8575],{"class":50},[44,17471,3270],{"class":58},[44,17473,236],{"class":235},[44,17475,167],{"class":239},[44,17477,236],{"class":235},[44,17479,12904],{"class":58},[44,17481,12907],{"class":89},[44,17483,103],{"class":58},[44,17485,63],{"class":62},[44,17487,108],{"class":58},[20,17489,17490,17491,86],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,17492,17443],{},[347,17494,17496],{"id":17495},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,17498,17499],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[35,17501,17503],{"className":37,"code":17502,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17504,17505,17537,17564,17568,17590,17594],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17506,17507,17509,17511,17513,17515,17517,17519,17521,17523,17525,17527,17529,17531,17533,17535],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17508,16592],{"class":50},[44,17510,55],{"class":54},[44,17512,2993],{"class":58},[44,17514,236],{"class":235},[44,17516,167],{"class":239},[44,17518,236],{"class":235},[44,17520,66],{"class":58},[44,17522,247],{"class":235},[44,17524,1164],{"class":239},[44,17526,236],{"class":235},[44,17528,66],{"class":58},[44,17530,247],{"class":235},[44,17532,9109],{"class":239},[44,17534,236],{"class":235},[44,17536,3006],{"class":58},[44,17538,17539,17541,17543,17545,17547,17549,17552,17554,17557,17559,17562],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,17540,8536],{"class":50},[44,17542,55],{"class":54},[44,17544,59],{"class":58},[44,17546,14195],{"class":50},[44,17548,2255],{"class":58},[44,17550,17551],{"class":58}," []",[44,17553,3246],{"class":3245},[44,17555,17556],{"class":50}," key ",[44,17558,3252],{"class":3245},[44,17560,17561],{"class":50}," keys",[44,17563,77],{"class":58},[44,17565,17566],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,17567,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,17569,17570,17572,17574,17576,17578,17580,17582,17584,17586,17588],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,17571,8575],{"class":50},[44,17573,3270],{"class":58},[44,17575,236],{"class":235},[44,17577,167],{"class":239},[44,17579,236],{"class":235},[44,17581,12904],{"class":58},[44,17583,12907],{"class":89},[44,17585,103],{"class":58},[44,17587,63],{"class":62},[44,17589,108],{"class":58},[44,17591,17592],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,17593,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,17595,17596,17598,17600,17602],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,17597,100],{"class":99},[44,17599,103],{"class":58},[44,17601,8575],{"class":89},[44,17603,108],{"class":58},[20,17605,111],{},[35,17607,17609],{"className":37,"code":17608,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,17610,17611],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17612,17613,17615,17617,17619,17621,17623,17625,17627,17629,17631,17633,17635,17637,17640,17642,17644,17646,17648],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17614,550],{"class":58},[44,17616,1018],{"class":235},[44,17618,167],{"class":239},[44,17620,1018],{"class":235},[44,17622,2255],{"class":58},[44,17624,2993],{"class":58},[44,17626,63],{"class":62},[44,17628,17409],{"class":58},[44,17630,1012],{"class":235},[44,17632,1164],{"class":239},[44,17634,1018],{"class":235},[44,17636,2255],{"class":58},[44,17638,17639],{"class":58}," [],",[44,17641,1012],{"class":235},[44,17643,9109],{"class":239},[44,17645,1018],{"class":235},[44,17647,2255],{"class":58},[44,17649,17650],{"class":58}," []}\n",[20,17652,17653],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,17655,17656],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[131,17658,4331,17660],{"id":17659},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,17661,16568],{},[20,17663,17664,17666],{},[15,17665,16573],{}," is a good choice when:",[145,17668,17669,17672,17675],{},[148,17670,17671],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[148,17673,17674],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[148,17676,17677],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,17679,1496],{},[35,17681,17683],{"className":37,"code":17682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,17684,17685,17730],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17686,17687,17690,17692,17694,17696,17698,17700,17702,17705,17707,17709,17711,17713,17715,17717,17719,17722,17724,17726,17728],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17688,17689],{"class":50},"flags ",[44,17691,55],{"class":54},[44,17693,8541],{"class":121},[44,17695,86],{"class":58},[44,17697,16633],{"class":89},[44,17699,2357],{"class":58},[44,17701,236],{"class":235},[44,17703,17704],{"class":239},"is_admin",[44,17706,236],{"class":235},[44,17708,66],{"class":58},[44,17710,247],{"class":235},[44,17712,14432],{"class":239},[44,17714,236],{"class":235},[44,17716,66],{"class":58},[44,17718,247],{"class":235},[44,17720,17721],{"class":239},"is_verified",[44,17723,236],{"class":235},[44,17725,17409],{"class":58},[44,17727,3277],{"class":692},[44,17729,108],{"class":58},[44,17731,17732,17734,17736,17739],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,17733,100],{"class":99},[44,17735,103],{"class":58},[44,17737,17738],{"class":89},"flags",[44,17740,108],{"class":58},[35,17742,17744],{"className":37,"code":17743,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,17745,17746,17791],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17747,17748,17750,17752,17754,17756,17758,17760,17762,17765,17767,17769,17771,17774,17776,17778,17780,17783,17785,17787,17789],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17749,4434],{"class":50},[44,17751,55],{"class":54},[44,17753,8541],{"class":121},[44,17755,86],{"class":58},[44,17757,16633],{"class":89},[44,17759,2357],{"class":58},[44,17761,236],{"class":235},[44,17763,17764],{"class":239},"math",[44,17766,236],{"class":235},[44,17768,66],{"class":58},[44,17770,247],{"class":235},[44,17772,17773],{"class":239},"science",[44,17775,236],{"class":235},[44,17777,66],{"class":58},[44,17779,247],{"class":235},[44,17781,17782],{"class":239},"history",[44,17784,236],{"class":235},[44,17786,17409],{"class":58},[44,17788,3202],{"class":62},[44,17790,108],{"class":58},[44,17792,17793,17795,17797,17799],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,17794,100],{"class":99},[44,17796,103],{"class":58},[44,17798,15740],{"class":89},[44,17800,108],{"class":58},[20,17802,17803,17804,17806],{},"It is ",[30,17805,604],{}," the best choice when:",[145,17808,17809,17812],{},[148,17810,17811],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[148,17813,17814],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[131,17816,17818,17820],{"id":17817},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,17819,16568],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,17822,17823,17825],{},[15,17824,16568],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[347,17827,350,17829],{"id":17828},"using-fromkeys",[15,17830,16568],{},[35,17832,17834],{"className":37,"code":17833,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,17835,17836,17881],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17837,17838,17840,17842,17844,17846,17848,17850,17852,17855,17857,17859,17861,17864,17866,17868,17870,17873,17875,17877,17879],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17839,13180],{"class":50},[44,17841,55],{"class":54},[44,17843,8541],{"class":121},[44,17845,86],{"class":58},[44,17847,16633],{"class":89},[44,17849,2357],{"class":58},[44,17851,236],{"class":235},[44,17853,17854],{"class":239},"sound",[44,17856,236],{"class":235},[44,17858,66],{"class":58},[44,17860,247],{"class":235},[44,17862,17863],{"class":239},"music",[44,17865,236],{"class":235},[44,17867,66],{"class":58},[44,17869,247],{"class":235},[44,17871,17872],{"class":239},"notifications",[44,17874,236],{"class":235},[44,17876,17409],{"class":58},[44,17878,3286],{"class":692},[44,17880,108],{"class":58},[44,17882,17883,17885,17887,17889],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,17884,100],{"class":99},[44,17886,103],{"class":58},[44,17888,13239],{"class":89},[44,17890,108],{"class":58},[347,17892,17894],{"id":17893},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[35,17896,17898],{"className":37,"code":17897,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,17899,17900,17908,17922,17936,17948,17952],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17901,17902,17904,17906],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17903,13180],{"class":50},[44,17905,55],{"class":54},[44,17907,10854],{"class":58},[44,17909,17910,17912,17914,17916,17918,17920],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,17911,10859],{"class":235},[44,17913,17854],{"class":239},[44,17915,236],{"class":235},[44,17917,2255],{"class":58},[44,17919,3286],{"class":692},[44,17921,10875],{"class":58},[44,17923,17924,17926,17928,17930,17932,17934],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,17925,10859],{"class":235},[44,17927,17863],{"class":239},[44,17929,236],{"class":235},[44,17931,2255],{"class":58},[44,17933,3277],{"class":692},[44,17935,10875],{"class":58},[44,17937,17938,17940,17942,17944,17946],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,17939,10859],{"class":235},[44,17941,17872],{"class":239},[44,17943,236],{"class":235},[44,17945,2255],{"class":58},[44,17947,5793],{"class":692},[44,17949,17950],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,17951,77],{"class":58},[44,17953,17954,17956,17958,17960],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,17955,100],{"class":99},[44,17957,103],{"class":58},[44,17959,13239],{"class":89},[44,17961,108],{"class":58},[20,17963,17964],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[347,17966,17968],{"id":17967},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[35,17970,17972],{"className":37,"code":17971,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,17973,17974,18006,18030],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17975,17976,17978,17980,17982,17984,17986,17988,17990,17992,17994,17996,17998,18000,18002,18004],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17977,16592],{"class":50},[44,17979,55],{"class":54},[44,17981,2993],{"class":58},[44,17983,236],{"class":235},[44,17985,167],{"class":239},[44,17987,236],{"class":235},[44,17989,66],{"class":58},[44,17991,247],{"class":235},[44,17993,1164],{"class":239},[44,17995,236],{"class":235},[44,17997,66],{"class":58},[44,17999,247],{"class":235},[44,18001,9109],{"class":239},[44,18003,236],{"class":235},[44,18005,3006],{"class":58},[44,18007,18008,18010,18012,18014,18016,18018,18020,18022,18024,18026,18028],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,18009,8536],{"class":50},[44,18011,55],{"class":54},[44,18013,59],{"class":58},[44,18015,14195],{"class":50},[44,18017,2255],{"class":58},[44,18019,17551],{"class":58},[44,18021,3246],{"class":3245},[44,18023,17556],{"class":50},[44,18025,3252],{"class":3245},[44,18027,17561],{"class":50},[44,18029,77],{"class":58},[44,18031,18032,18034,18036,18038],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,18033,100],{"class":99},[44,18035,103],{"class":58},[44,18037,8575],{"class":89},[44,18039,108],{"class":58},[20,18041,18042],{},"Use:",[145,18044,18045,18050,18053],{},[148,18046,18047,18049],{},[15,18048,16568],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[148,18051,18052],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[148,18054,18055],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18057,18058,18059,86],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[167,18060,10105,18061,1272],{"href":13387},[15,18062,1292],{},[131,18064,2200],{"id":2199},[20,18066,14087,18067,86],{},[15,18068,16573],{},[347,18070,18072],{"id":18071},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[35,18074,18076],{"className":37,"code":18075,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18077,18078,18111,18134],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18079,18080,18083,18085,18087,18089,18091,18093,18095,18097,18099,18101,18103,18105,18107,18109],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18081,18082],{"class":50},"d ",[44,18084,55],{"class":54},[44,18086,8541],{"class":121},[44,18088,86],{"class":58},[44,18090,16633],{"class":89},[44,18092,2357],{"class":58},[44,18094,236],{"class":235},[44,18096,167],{"class":239},[44,18098,236],{"class":235},[44,18100,66],{"class":58},[44,18102,247],{"class":235},[44,18104,1164],{"class":239},[44,18106,236],{"class":235},[44,18108,17409],{"class":58},[44,18110,17343],{"class":58},[44,18112,18113,18116,18118,18120,18122,18124,18126,18128,18130,18132],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,18114,18115],{"class":50},"d",[44,18117,3270],{"class":58},[44,18119,236],{"class":235},[44,18121,167],{"class":239},[44,18123,236],{"class":235},[44,18125,12904],{"class":58},[44,18127,12907],{"class":89},[44,18129,103],{"class":58},[44,18131,63],{"class":62},[44,18133,108],{"class":58},[44,18135,18136,18138,18140,18142],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,18137,100],{"class":99},[44,18139,103],{"class":58},[44,18141,18115],{"class":89},[44,18143,108],{"class":58},[20,18145,111],{},[35,18147,18149],{"className":37,"code":18148,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18150,18151],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18152,18153,18155,18157,18159,18161,18163,18165,18167,18169,18171,18173,18175,18177,18179,18181],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18154,550],{"class":58},[44,18156,1018],{"class":235},[44,18158,167],{"class":239},[44,18160,1018],{"class":235},[44,18162,2255],{"class":58},[44,18164,2993],{"class":58},[44,18166,63],{"class":62},[44,18168,17409],{"class":58},[44,18170,1012],{"class":235},[44,18172,1164],{"class":239},[44,18174,1018],{"class":235},[44,18176,2255],{"class":58},[44,18178,2993],{"class":58},[44,18180,63],{"class":62},[44,18182,13060],{"class":58},[20,18184,18185],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18187,18188],{},"Use this instead:",[35,18190,18192],{"className":37,"code":18191,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18193,18194,18218,18242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18195,18196,18198,18200,18202,18204,18206,18208,18210,18212,18214,18216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18197,16592],{"class":50},[44,18199,55],{"class":54},[44,18201,2993],{"class":58},[44,18203,236],{"class":235},[44,18205,167],{"class":239},[44,18207,236],{"class":235},[44,18209,66],{"class":58},[44,18211,247],{"class":235},[44,18213,1164],{"class":239},[44,18215,236],{"class":235},[44,18217,3006],{"class":58},[44,18219,18220,18222,18224,18226,18228,18230,18232,18234,18236,18238,18240],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,18221,18082],{"class":50},[44,18223,55],{"class":54},[44,18225,59],{"class":58},[44,18227,14195],{"class":50},[44,18229,2255],{"class":58},[44,18231,17551],{"class":58},[44,18233,3246],{"class":3245},[44,18235,17556],{"class":50},[44,18237,3252],{"class":3245},[44,18239,17561],{"class":50},[44,18241,77],{"class":58},[44,18243,18244,18246,18248,18250],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,18245,100],{"class":99},[44,18247,103],{"class":58},[44,18249,18115],{"class":89},[44,18251,108],{"class":58},[347,18253,18255,18256,18258],{"id":18254},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18257,16568],{}," on a list",[20,18260,18261],{},"Wrong idea:",[35,18263,18265],{"className":37,"code":18264,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18266,18267,18299],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18268,18269,18271,18273,18275,18277,18279,18281,18283,18285,18287,18289,18291,18293,18295,18297],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18270,16592],{"class":50},[44,18272,55],{"class":54},[44,18274,2993],{"class":58},[44,18276,236],{"class":235},[44,18278,167],{"class":239},[44,18280,236],{"class":235},[44,18282,66],{"class":58},[44,18284,247],{"class":235},[44,18286,1164],{"class":239},[44,18288,236],{"class":235},[44,18290,66],{"class":58},[44,18292,247],{"class":235},[44,18294,9109],{"class":239},[44,18296,236],{"class":235},[44,18298,3006],{"class":58},[44,18300,18301],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,18302,18303],{"class":3035},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18305,18306,18308,18309,18311,18312,86],{},[15,18307,16568],{}," belongs to ",[15,18310,1015],{},", not ",[15,18313,7467],{},[20,18315,18316],{},"Correct usage:",[35,18318,18320],{"className":37,"code":18319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18321,18322,18354,18376],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18323,18324,18326,18328,18330,18332,18334,18336,18338,18340,18342,18344,18346,18348,18350,18352],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18325,16592],{"class":50},[44,18327,55],{"class":54},[44,18329,2993],{"class":58},[44,18331,236],{"class":235},[44,18333,167],{"class":239},[44,18335,236],{"class":235},[44,18337,66],{"class":58},[44,18339,247],{"class":235},[44,18341,1164],{"class":239},[44,18343,236],{"class":235},[44,18345,66],{"class":58},[44,18347,247],{"class":235},[44,18349,9109],{"class":239},[44,18351,236],{"class":235},[44,18353,3006],{"class":58},[44,18355,18356,18358,18360,18362,18364,18366,18368,18370,18372,18374],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,18357,18082],{"class":50},[44,18359,55],{"class":54},[44,18361,8541],{"class":121},[44,18363,86],{"class":58},[44,18365,16633],{"class":89},[44,18367,103],{"class":58},[44,18369,16273],{"class":89},[44,18371,66],{"class":58},[44,18373,3202],{"class":62},[44,18375,108],{"class":58},[44,18377,18378,18380,18382,18384],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,18379,100],{"class":99},[44,18381,103],{"class":58},[44,18383,18115],{"class":89},[44,18385,108],{"class":58},[347,18387,923,18389,18391],{"id":18388},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18390,16568],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,18393,18394,18396],{},[15,18395,16573],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[35,18398,18400],{"className":37,"code":18399,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,18401,18402,18422,18456,18460,18470],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18403,18404,18406,18408,18410,18412,18414,18416,18418,18420],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18405,11444],{"class":50},[44,18407,55],{"class":54},[44,18409,59],{"class":58},[44,18411,236],{"class":235},[44,18413,1104],{"class":239},[44,18415,236],{"class":235},[44,18417,2255],{"class":58},[44,18419,4867],{"class":62},[44,18421,77],{"class":58},[44,18423,18424,18426,18428,18430,18432,18434,18436,18438,18440,18442,18444,18446,18448,18450,18452,18454],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,18425,12395],{"class":50},[44,18427,55],{"class":54},[44,18429,8541],{"class":121},[44,18431,86],{"class":58},[44,18433,16633],{"class":89},[44,18435,2357],{"class":58},[44,18437,236],{"class":235},[44,18439,167],{"class":239},[44,18441,236],{"class":235},[44,18443,66],{"class":58},[44,18445,247],{"class":235},[44,18447,1164],{"class":239},[44,18449,236],{"class":235},[44,18451,17409],{"class":58},[44,18453,3202],{"class":62},[44,18455,108],{"class":58},[44,18457,18458],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,18459,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,18461,18462,18464,18466,18468],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,18463,100],{"class":99},[44,18465,103],{"class":58},[44,18467,11491],{"class":89},[44,18469,108],{"class":58},[44,18471,18472,18474,18476,18479],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,18473,100],{"class":99},[44,18475,103],{"class":58},[44,18477,18478],{"class":89},"new_dict",[44,18480,108],{"class":58},[20,18482,111],{},[35,18484,18486],{"className":37,"code":18485,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,18487,18488,18504],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18489,18490,18492,18494,18496,18498,18500,18502],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18491,550],{"class":58},[44,18493,1018],{"class":235},[44,18495,1104],{"class":239},[44,18497,1018],{"class":235},[44,18499,2255],{"class":58},[44,18501,4867],{"class":62},[44,18503,77],{"class":58},[44,18505,18506,18508,18510,18512,18514,18516,18518,18520,18522,18524,18526,18528,18530],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,18507,550],{"class":58},[44,18509,1018],{"class":235},[44,18511,167],{"class":239},[44,18513,1018],{"class":235},[44,18515,2255],{"class":58},[44,18517,3202],{"class":62},[44,18519,66],{"class":58},[44,18521,1012],{"class":235},[44,18523,1164],{"class":239},[44,18525,1018],{"class":235},[44,18527,2255],{"class":58},[44,18529,3202],{"class":62},[44,18531,77],{"class":58},[20,18533,18534,18535,86],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[167,18536,10105,18537,1272],{"href":13387},[15,18538,1292],{},[347,18540,18542,18543],{"id":18541},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,18544,159],{},[35,18546,18548],{"className":37,"code":18547,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,18549,18550,18580],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18551,18552,18554,18556,18558,18560,18562,18564,18566,18568,18570,18572,18574,18576,18578],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18553,18082],{"class":50},[44,18555,55],{"class":54},[44,18557,8541],{"class":121},[44,18559,86],{"class":58},[44,18561,16633],{"class":89},[44,18563,2357],{"class":58},[44,18565,236],{"class":235},[44,18567,1104],{"class":239},[44,18569,236],{"class":235},[44,18571,66],{"class":58},[44,18573,247],{"class":235},[44,18575,1113],{"class":239},[44,18577,236],{"class":235},[44,18579,3258],{"class":58},[44,18581,18582,18584,18586,18588],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,18583,100],{"class":99},[44,18585,103],{"class":58},[44,18587,18115],{"class":89},[44,18589,108],{"class":58},[20,18591,111],{},[35,18593,18595],{"className":37,"code":18594,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,18596,18597],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18598,18599,18601,18603,18605,18607,18609,18611,18613,18615,18617,18619,18621,18623],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18600,550],{"class":58},[44,18602,1018],{"class":235},[44,18604,1104],{"class":239},[44,18606,1018],{"class":235},[44,18608,2255],{"class":58},[44,18610,3221],{"class":692},[44,18612,66],{"class":58},[44,18614,1012],{"class":235},[44,18616,1113],{"class":239},[44,18618,1018],{"class":235},[44,18620,2255],{"class":58},[44,18622,3221],{"class":692},[44,18624,77],{"class":58},[20,18626,18627,18628,86],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,18629,159],{},[131,18631,18633],{"id":18632},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,18635,18636,18637,18639],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,18638,16568],{}," works.",[35,18641,18643],{"className":37,"code":18642,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,18644,18645],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18646,18647,18649,18651,18653,18655,18657,18659,18661,18663,18665,18667,18669,18671,18673,18675,18677],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18648,100],{"class":99},[44,18650,103],{"class":58},[44,18652,1015],{"class":121},[44,18654,86],{"class":58},[44,18656,16633],{"class":89},[44,18658,2357],{"class":58},[44,18660,236],{"class":235},[44,18662,167],{"class":239},[44,18664,236],{"class":235},[44,18666,66],{"class":58},[44,18668,247],{"class":235},[44,18670,1164],{"class":239},[44,18672,236],{"class":235},[44,18674,17409],{"class":58},[44,18676,3202],{"class":62},[44,18678,993],{"class":58},[35,18680,18681],{"className":37,"code":18547,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,18682,18683,18713],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18684,18685,18687,18689,18691,18693,18695,18697,18699,18701,18703,18705,18707,18709,18711],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18686,18082],{"class":50},[44,18688,55],{"class":54},[44,18690,8541],{"class":121},[44,18692,86],{"class":58},[44,18694,16633],{"class":89},[44,18696,2357],{"class":58},[44,18698,236],{"class":235},[44,18700,1104],{"class":239},[44,18702,236],{"class":235},[44,18704,66],{"class":58},[44,18706,247],{"class":235},[44,18708,1113],{"class":239},[44,18710,236],{"class":235},[44,18712,3258],{"class":58},[44,18714,18715,18717,18719,18721],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,18716,100],{"class":99},[44,18718,103],{"class":58},[44,18720,18115],{"class":89},[44,18722,108],{"class":58},[35,18724,18725],{"className":37,"code":18075,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,18726,18727,18759,18781],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18728,18729,18731,18733,18735,18737,18739,18741,18743,18745,18747,18749,18751,18753,18755,18757],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18730,18082],{"class":50},[44,18732,55],{"class":54},[44,18734,8541],{"class":121},[44,18736,86],{"class":58},[44,18738,16633],{"class":89},[44,18740,2357],{"class":58},[44,18742,236],{"class":235},[44,18744,167],{"class":239},[44,18746,236],{"class":235},[44,18748,66],{"class":58},[44,18750,247],{"class":235},[44,18752,1164],{"class":239},[44,18754,236],{"class":235},[44,18756,17409],{"class":58},[44,18758,17343],{"class":58},[44,18760,18761,18763,18765,18767,18769,18771,18773,18775,18777,18779],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,18762,18115],{"class":50},[44,18764,3270],{"class":58},[44,18766,236],{"class":235},[44,18768,167],{"class":239},[44,18770,236],{"class":235},[44,18772,12904],{"class":58},[44,18774,12907],{"class":89},[44,18776,103],{"class":58},[44,18778,63],{"class":62},[44,18780,108],{"class":58},[44,18782,18783,18785,18787,18789],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,18784,100],{"class":99},[44,18786,103],{"class":58},[44,18788,18115],{"class":89},[44,18790,108],{"class":58},[35,18792,18794],{"className":37,"code":18793,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,18795,18796],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18797,18798,18800,18802,18804,18806,18808,18810,18812,18814,18816,18818,18820,18822,18824,18826,18828,18830,18832],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18799,100],{"class":99},[44,18801,103],{"class":58},[44,18803,985],{"class":121},[44,18805,103],{"class":58},[44,18807,1015],{"class":121},[44,18809,86],{"class":58},[44,18811,16633],{"class":89},[44,18813,2357],{"class":58},[44,18815,63],{"class":62},[44,18817,66],{"class":58},[44,18819,69],{"class":62},[44,18821,66],{"class":58},[44,18823,74],{"class":62},[44,18825,17409],{"class":58},[44,18827,247],{"class":235},[44,18829,1843],{"class":239},[44,18831,236],{"class":235},[44,18833,2283],{"class":58},[131,18835,1196],{"id":1195},[347,18837,1212,18839,18841],{"id":18838},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18840,16568],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,18843,18844],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[347,18846,18848],{"id":18847},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,18850,18851,18852,86],{},"Each key gets ",[15,18853,159],{},[347,18855,18857],{"id":18856},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,18859,18860],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[347,18862,18864],{"id":18863},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,18866,17499],{},[35,18868,18870],{"className":37,"code":18869,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,18871,18872,18904],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18873,18874,18876,18878,18880,18882,18884,18886,18888,18890,18892,18894,18896,18898,18900,18902],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18875,16592],{"class":50},[44,18877,55],{"class":54},[44,18879,2993],{"class":58},[44,18881,236],{"class":235},[44,18883,167],{"class":239},[44,18885,236],{"class":235},[44,18887,66],{"class":58},[44,18889,247],{"class":235},[44,18891,1164],{"class":239},[44,18893,236],{"class":235},[44,18895,66],{"class":58},[44,18897,247],{"class":235},[44,18899,9109],{"class":239},[44,18901,236],{"class":235},[44,18903,3006],{"class":58},[44,18905,18906,18908,18910,18912,18914,18916,18918,18920,18922,18924,18926],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,18907,8536],{"class":50},[44,18909,55],{"class":54},[44,18911,59],{"class":58},[44,18913,14195],{"class":50},[44,18915,2255],{"class":58},[44,18917,17551],{"class":58},[44,18919,3246],{"class":3245},[44,18921,17556],{"class":50},[44,18923,3252],{"class":3245},[44,18925,17561],{"class":50},[44,18927,77],{"class":58},[131,18929,1251],{"id":1250},[145,18931,18932,18936,18940,18944,18950],{},[148,18933,18934],{},[167,18935,10610],{"href":12383},[148,18937,18938],{},[167,18939,8526],{"href":12380},[148,18941,18942],{},[167,18943,10619],{"href":17250},[148,18945,18946],{},[167,18947,10105,18948,1272],{"href":13387},[15,18949,1292],{},[148,18951,18952],{},[167,18953,10105,18954,1272],{"href":14352},[15,18955,12133],{},[20,18957,1462,18958,18960],{},[15,18959,16573],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1294,18962,18963],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":18965},[18966,18967,18969,18973,18974,18976,18981,18983,18990,18999,19000,19007],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":16673,"depth":80,"text":18968},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":16717,"depth":80,"text":16718,"children":18970},[18971,18972],{"id":16744,"depth":96,"text":16745},{"id":595,"depth":96,"text":596},{"id":5156,"depth":80,"text":5157},{"id":16925,"depth":80,"text":18975},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17254,"depth":80,"text":17255,"children":18977},[18978,18979,18980],{"id":17284,"depth":96,"text":17285},{"id":17447,"depth":96,"text":17448},{"id":17495,"depth":96,"text":17496},{"id":17659,"depth":80,"text":18982},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":17817,"depth":80,"text":18984,"children":18985},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[18986,18988,18989],{"id":17828,"depth":96,"text":18987},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":17893,"depth":96,"text":17894},{"id":17967,"depth":96,"text":17968},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200,"children":18991},[18992,18993,18995,18997],{"id":18071,"depth":96,"text":18072},{"id":18254,"depth":96,"text":18994},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18388,"depth":96,"text":18996},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":18541,"depth":96,"text":18998},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":18632,"depth":80,"text":18633},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":19001},[19002,19004,19005,19006],{"id":18838,"depth":96,"text":19003},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":18847,"depth":96,"text":18848},{"id":18856,"depth":96,"text":18857},{"id":18863,"depth":96,"text":18864},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":16560,"description":19008},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19015,"title":19016,"body":19017,"description":20846,"extension":1331,"meta":20847,"navigation":268,"path":20848,"seo":20849,"stem":20850,"__hash__":20851},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19018,"toc":20813},[19019,19024,19030,19041,19171,19178,19183,19187,19203,19205,19303,19306,19323,19327,19329,19334,19372,19375,19393,19395,19513,19518,19522,19538,19541,19677,19680,19685,19691,19694,19731,19734,19738,19743,19819,19823,19828,19910,19912,19928,19933,19937,19943,20012,20015,20032,20035,20117,20122,20125,20145,20149,20154,20160,20166,20237,20240,20246,20249,20323,20330,20336,20344,20354,20356,20451,20457,20462,20549,20555,20557,20562,20584,20587,20682,20685,20716,20729,20731,20739,20745,20751,20754,20760,20765,20772,20777,20779,20810],[10,19020,10686,19022,18],{"id":19021},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19023,10108],{},[20,19025,19026,19027,19029],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19028,10108],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19031,19032,19033,1559,19036,772,19038,19040],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19034,19035],{},"KeyError",[15,19037,10108],{},[15,19039,159],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[35,19042,19044],{"className":37,"code":19043,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19045,19046,19082,19086,19112,19137],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19047,19048,19050,19052,19054,19056,19058,19060,19062,19064,19066,19068,19070,19072,19074,19076,19078,19080],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19049,12558],{"class":50},[44,19051,55],{"class":54},[44,19053,59],{"class":58},[44,19055,236],{"class":235},[44,19057,7041],{"class":239},[44,19059,236],{"class":235},[44,19061,2255],{"class":58},[44,19063,247],{"class":235},[44,19065,12237],{"class":239},[44,19067,236],{"class":235},[44,19069,66],{"class":58},[44,19071,247],{"class":235},[44,19073,8669],{"class":239},[44,19075,236],{"class":235},[44,19077,2255],{"class":58},[44,19079,8676],{"class":62},[44,19081,77],{"class":58},[44,19083,19084],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,19085,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,19087,19088,19090,19092,19094,19096,19099,19101,19103,19105,19107,19109],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,19089,100],{"class":99},[44,19091,103],{"class":58},[44,19093,16657],{"class":89},[44,19095,86],{"class":58},[44,19097,19098],{"class":89},"get",[44,19100,103],{"class":58},[44,19102,236],{"class":235},[44,19104,7041],{"class":239},[44,19106,236],{"class":235},[44,19108,4730],{"class":58},[44,19110,19111],{"class":3035},"           # Ana\n",[44,19113,19114,19116,19118,19120,19122,19124,19126,19128,19130,19132,19134],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,19115,100],{"class":99},[44,19117,103],{"class":58},[44,19119,16657],{"class":89},[44,19121,86],{"class":58},[44,19123,19098],{"class":89},[44,19125,103],{"class":58},[44,19127,236],{"class":235},[44,19129,9777],{"class":239},[44,19131,236],{"class":235},[44,19133,4730],{"class":58},[44,19135,19136],{"class":3035},"           # None\n",[44,19138,19139,19141,19143,19145,19147,19149,19151,19153,19155,19157,19159,19161,19164,19166,19168],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,19140,100],{"class":99},[44,19142,103],{"class":58},[44,19144,16657],{"class":89},[44,19146,86],{"class":58},[44,19148,19098],{"class":89},[44,19150,103],{"class":58},[44,19152,236],{"class":235},[44,19154,9777],{"class":239},[44,19156,236],{"class":235},[44,19158,66],{"class":58},[44,19160,247],{"class":235},[44,19162,19163],{"class":239},"N\u002FA",[44,19165,236],{"class":235},[44,19167,4730],{"class":58},[44,19169,19170],{"class":3035},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19172,1462,19173,19175,19176,86],{},[15,19174,10108],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19177,19035],{},[131,19179,134,19181,137],{"id":19180},"what-get-does",[15,19182,10108],{},[20,19184,140,19185,143],{},[15,19186,10108],{},[145,19188,19189,19192,19197,19200],{},[148,19190,19191],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[148,19193,156,19194,19196],{},[15,19195,159],{}," if the key does not exist",[148,19198,19199],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[148,19201,19202],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19204,1578],{},[35,19206,19208],{"className":37,"code":19207,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19209,19210,19249,19253,19278],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19211,19212,19214,19216,19218,19220,19222,19224,19226,19228,19231,19233,19235,19237,19240,19242,19244,19247],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19213,12220],{"class":50},[44,19215,55],{"class":54},[44,19217,59],{"class":58},[44,19219,236],{"class":235},[44,19221,7041],{"class":239},[44,19223,236],{"class":235},[44,19225,2255],{"class":58},[44,19227,247],{"class":235},[44,19229,19230],{"class":239},"Lina",[44,19232,236],{"class":235},[44,19234,66],{"class":58},[44,19236,247],{"class":235},[44,19238,19239],{"class":239},"grade",[44,19241,236],{"class":235},[44,19243,2255],{"class":58},[44,19245,19246],{"class":62}," 90",[44,19248,77],{"class":58},[44,19250,19251],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,19252,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,19254,19255,19257,19259,19261,19263,19265,19267,19269,19271,19273,19275],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,19256,100],{"class":99},[44,19258,103],{"class":58},[44,19260,12980],{"class":89},[44,19262,86],{"class":58},[44,19264,19098],{"class":89},[44,19266,103],{"class":58},[44,19268,236],{"class":235},[44,19270,7041],{"class":239},[44,19272,236],{"class":235},[44,19274,4730],{"class":58},[44,19276,19277],{"class":3035},"     # Lina\n",[44,19279,19280,19282,19284,19286,19288,19290,19292,19294,19296,19298,19300],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,19281,100],{"class":99},[44,19283,103],{"class":58},[44,19285,12980],{"class":89},[44,19287,86],{"class":58},[44,19289,19098],{"class":89},[44,19291,103],{"class":58},[44,19293,236],{"class":235},[44,19295,14612],{"class":239},[44,19297,236],{"class":235},[44,19299,4730],{"class":58},[44,19301,19302],{"class":3035},"    # None\n",[20,19304,19305],{},"In this example:",[145,19307,19308,19313],{},[148,19309,19310,19312],{},[15,19311,14593],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[148,19314,19315,19318,19319,772,19321],{},[15,19316,19317],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19320,10108],{},[15,19322,159],{},[20,19324,12377,19325,86],{},[167,19326,8526],{"href":8525},[131,19328,175],{"id":174},[20,19330,19331,19332,2255],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,19333,10108],{},[35,19335,19337],{"className":37,"code":19336,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,19338,19339,19353],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19340,19341,19343,19345,19347,19349,19351],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19342,14958],{"class":50},[44,19344,86],{"class":58},[44,19346,19098],{"class":89},[44,19348,103],{"class":58},[44,19350,14195],{"class":89},[44,19352,108],{"class":58},[44,19354,19355,19357,19359,19361,19363,19365,19367,19370],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,19356,14958],{"class":50},[44,19358,86],{"class":58},[44,19360,19098],{"class":89},[44,19362,103],{"class":58},[44,19364,14195],{"class":89},[44,19366,66],{"class":58},[44,19368,19369],{"class":89}," default_value",[44,19371,108],{"class":58},[20,19373,19374],{},"What each part means:",[145,19376,19377,19382,19388],{},[148,19378,19379,19381],{},[15,19380,14195],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[148,19383,19384,19387],{},[15,19385,19386],{},"default_value"," is optional",[148,19389,19390,19391],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,19392,159],{},[20,19394,1578],{},[35,19396,19398],{"className":37,"code":19397,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,19399,19400,19424,19428,19453,19479],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19401,19402,19404,19406,19408,19410,19412,19414,19416,19418,19420,19422],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19403,13180],{"class":50},[44,19405,55],{"class":54},[44,19407,59],{"class":58},[44,19409,236],{"class":235},[44,19411,11853],{"class":239},[44,19413,236],{"class":235},[44,19415,2255],{"class":58},[44,19417,247],{"class":235},[44,19419,11862],{"class":239},[44,19421,236],{"class":235},[44,19423,77],{"class":58},[44,19425,19426],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,19427,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,19429,19430,19432,19434,19436,19438,19440,19442,19444,19446,19448,19450],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,19431,100],{"class":99},[44,19433,103],{"class":58},[44,19435,13239],{"class":89},[44,19437,86],{"class":58},[44,19439,19098],{"class":89},[44,19441,103],{"class":58},[44,19443,236],{"class":235},[44,19445,11853],{"class":239},[44,19447,236],{"class":235},[44,19449,4730],{"class":58},[44,19451,19452],{"class":3035},"            # dark\n",[44,19454,19455,19457,19459,19461,19463,19465,19467,19469,19472,19474,19476],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,19456,100],{"class":99},[44,19458,103],{"class":58},[44,19460,13239],{"class":89},[44,19462,86],{"class":58},[44,19464,19098],{"class":89},[44,19466,103],{"class":58},[44,19468,236],{"class":235},[44,19470,19471],{"class":239},"language",[44,19473,236],{"class":235},[44,19475,4730],{"class":58},[44,19477,19478],{"class":3035},"         # None\n",[44,19480,19481,19483,19485,19487,19489,19491,19493,19495,19497,19499,19501,19503,19506,19508,19510],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,19482,100],{"class":99},[44,19484,103],{"class":58},[44,19486,13239],{"class":89},[44,19488,86],{"class":58},[44,19490,19098],{"class":89},[44,19492,103],{"class":58},[44,19494,236],{"class":235},[44,19496,19471],{"class":239},[44,19498,236],{"class":235},[44,19500,66],{"class":58},[44,19502,247],{"class":235},[44,19504,19505],{"class":239},"en",[44,19507,236],{"class":235},[44,19509,4730],{"class":58},[44,19511,19512],{"class":3035},"   # en\n",[131,19514,4331,19516],{"id":19515},"when-to-use-get",[15,19517,10108],{},[20,19519,1462,19520,9969],{},[15,19521,10108],{},[145,19523,19524,19527,19532,19535],{},[148,19525,19526],{},"A key might not exist",[148,19528,19529,19530],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,19531,19035],{},[148,19533,19534],{},"You are reading optional data",[148,19536,19537],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,19539,19540],{},"Example with optional user data:",[35,19542,19544],{"className":37,"code":19543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,19545,19546,19588,19592,19617,19643],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19547,19548,19550,19552,19554,19556,19558,19560,19562,19564,19567,19569,19571,19573,19575,19577,19579,19581,19584,19586],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19549,10849],{"class":50},[44,19551,55],{"class":54},[44,19553,59],{"class":58},[44,19555,236],{"class":235},[44,19557,7358],{"class":239},[44,19559,236],{"class":235},[44,19561,2255],{"class":58},[44,19563,247],{"class":235},[44,19565,19566],{"class":239},"sam",[44,19568,236],{"class":235},[44,19570,66],{"class":58},[44,19572,247],{"class":235},[44,19574,14612],{"class":239},[44,19576,236],{"class":235},[44,19578,2255],{"class":58},[44,19580,247],{"class":235},[44,19582,19583],{"class":239},"sam@example.com",[44,19585,236],{"class":235},[44,19587,77],{"class":58},[44,19589,19590],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,19591,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,19593,19594,19596,19598,19600,19602,19604,19606,19608,19610,19612,19614],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,19595,100],{"class":99},[44,19597,103],{"class":58},[44,19599,10943],{"class":89},[44,19601,86],{"class":58},[44,19603,19098],{"class":89},[44,19605,103],{"class":58},[44,19607,236],{"class":235},[44,19609,7358],{"class":239},[44,19611,236],{"class":235},[44,19613,4730],{"class":58},[44,19615,19616],{"class":3035},"              # sam\n",[44,19618,19619,19621,19623,19625,19627,19629,19631,19633,19636,19638,19640],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,19620,100],{"class":99},[44,19622,103],{"class":58},[44,19624,10943],{"class":89},[44,19626,86],{"class":58},[44,19628,19098],{"class":89},[44,19630,103],{"class":58},[44,19632,236],{"class":235},[44,19634,19635],{"class":239},"phone",[44,19637,236],{"class":235},[44,19639,4730],{"class":58},[44,19641,19642],{"class":3035},"                 # None\n",[44,19644,19645,19647,19649,19651,19653,19655,19657,19659,19661,19663,19665,19667,19670,19672,19674],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,19646,100],{"class":99},[44,19648,103],{"class":58},[44,19650,10943],{"class":89},[44,19652,86],{"class":58},[44,19654,19098],{"class":89},[44,19656,103],{"class":58},[44,19658,236],{"class":235},[44,19660,19635],{"class":239},[44,19662,236],{"class":235},[44,19664,66],{"class":58},[44,19666,247],{"class":235},[44,19668,19669],{"class":239},"Not provided",[44,19671,236],{"class":235},[44,19673,4730],{"class":58},[44,19675,19676],{"class":3035}," # Not provided\n",[20,19678,19679],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,19681,19682,19683,86],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[167,19684,15949],{"href":15948},[131,19686,19688,19690],{"id":19687},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,19689,10108],{}," vs square brackets",[20,19692,19693],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[35,19695,19697],{"className":37,"code":19696,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,19698,19699,19713],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19700,19701,19703,19705,19707,19709,19711],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19702,8575],{"class":50},[44,19704,3270],{"class":58},[44,19706,236],{"class":235},[44,19708,14195],{"class":239},[44,19710,236],{"class":235},[44,19712,3006],{"class":58},[44,19714,19715,19717,19719,19721,19723,19725,19727,19729],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,19716,8575],{"class":50},[44,19718,86],{"class":58},[44,19720,19098],{"class":89},[44,19722,103],{"class":58},[44,19724,236],{"class":235},[44,19726,14195],{"class":239},[44,19728,236],{"class":235},[44,19730,108],{"class":58},[20,19732,19733],{},"The difference is important.",[347,19735,19737],{"id":19736},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,19739,19740,19741,86],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,19742,19035],{},[35,19744,19746],{"className":37,"code":19745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,19747,19748,19772,19776,19798],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19749,19750,19752,19754,19756,19758,19760,19762,19764,19766,19768,19770],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19751,8536],{"class":50},[44,19753,55],{"class":54},[44,19755,59],{"class":58},[44,19757,236],{"class":235},[44,19759,7041],{"class":239},[44,19761,236],{"class":235},[44,19763,2255],{"class":58},[44,19765,247],{"class":235},[44,19767,12237],{"class":239},[44,19769,236],{"class":235},[44,19771,77],{"class":58},[44,19773,19774],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,19775,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,19777,19778,19780,19782,19784,19786,19788,19790,19792,19795],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,19779,100],{"class":99},[44,19781,103],{"class":58},[44,19783,8575],{"class":89},[44,19785,3270],{"class":58},[44,19787,236],{"class":235},[44,19789,7041],{"class":239},[44,19791,236],{"class":235},[44,19793,19794],{"class":58},"])",[44,19796,19797],{"class":3035},"   # Ana\n",[44,19799,19800,19802,19804,19806,19808,19810,19812,19814,19816],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,19801,100],{"class":99},[44,19803,103],{"class":58},[44,19805,8575],{"class":89},[44,19807,3270],{"class":58},[44,19809,236],{"class":235},[44,19811,9777],{"class":239},[44,19813,236],{"class":235},[44,19815,19794],{"class":58},[44,19817,19818],{"class":3035},"   # KeyError\n",[347,19820,19821],{"id":19098},[15,19822,10108],{},[20,19824,19825,19827],{},[15,19826,10108],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[35,19829,19831],{"className":37,"code":19830,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,19832,19833,19857,19861,19885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19834,19835,19837,19839,19841,19843,19845,19847,19849,19851,19853,19855],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19836,8536],{"class":50},[44,19838,55],{"class":54},[44,19840,59],{"class":58},[44,19842,236],{"class":235},[44,19844,7041],{"class":239},[44,19846,236],{"class":235},[44,19848,2255],{"class":58},[44,19850,247],{"class":235},[44,19852,12237],{"class":239},[44,19854,236],{"class":235},[44,19856,77],{"class":58},[44,19858,19859],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,19860,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,19862,19863,19865,19867,19869,19871,19873,19875,19877,19879,19881,19883],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,19864,100],{"class":99},[44,19866,103],{"class":58},[44,19868,8575],{"class":89},[44,19870,86],{"class":58},[44,19872,19098],{"class":89},[44,19874,103],{"class":58},[44,19876,236],{"class":235},[44,19878,7041],{"class":239},[44,19880,236],{"class":235},[44,19882,4730],{"class":58},[44,19884,19797],{"class":3035},[44,19886,19887,19889,19891,19893,19895,19897,19899,19901,19903,19905,19907],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,19888,100],{"class":99},[44,19890,103],{"class":58},[44,19892,8575],{"class":89},[44,19894,86],{"class":58},[44,19896,19098],{"class":89},[44,19898,103],{"class":58},[44,19900,236],{"class":235},[44,19902,9777],{"class":239},[44,19904,236],{"class":235},[44,19906,4730],{"class":58},[44,19908,19909],{"class":3035},"   # None\n",[20,19911,18042],{},[145,19913,19914,19920],{},[148,19915,19916,19917],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[30,19918,19919],{},"must exist",[148,19921,19922,19924,19925],{},[15,19923,10108],{}," when the key is ",[30,19926,19927],{},"optional",[20,19929,19930,19931,86],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[167,19932,10630],{"href":10441},[131,19934,19936],{"id":19935},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,19938,19939,19940,19942],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,19941,10108],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[35,19944,19946],{"className":37,"code":19945,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,19947,19948,19973,19977],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19949,19950,19953,19955,19957,19959,19961,19963,19965,19967,19969,19971],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19951,19952],{"class":50},"profile ",[44,19954,55],{"class":54},[44,19956,59],{"class":58},[44,19958,236],{"class":235},[44,19960,7041],{"class":239},[44,19962,236],{"class":235},[44,19964,2255],{"class":58},[44,19966,247],{"class":235},[44,19968,7294],{"class":239},[44,19970,236],{"class":235},[44,19972,77],{"class":58},[44,19974,19975],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,19976,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,19978,19979,19981,19983,19986,19988,19990,19992,19994,19996,19998,20000,20002,20005,20007,20009],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,19980,100],{"class":99},[44,19982,103],{"class":58},[44,19984,19985],{"class":89},"profile",[44,19987,86],{"class":58},[44,19989,19098],{"class":89},[44,19991,103],{"class":58},[44,19993,236],{"class":235},[44,19995,14615],{"class":239},[44,19997,236],{"class":235},[44,19999,66],{"class":58},[44,20001,247],{"class":235},[44,20003,20004],{"class":239},"Unknown",[44,20006,236],{"class":235},[44,20008,4730],{"class":58},[44,20010,20011],{"class":3035},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20013,20014],{},"This is useful for display text:",[145,20016,20017,20022,20027],{},[148,20018,20019],{},[15,20020,20021],{},"\"Unknown\"",[148,20023,20024],{},[15,20025,20026],{},"\"Not set\"",[148,20028,20029],{},[15,20030,20031],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20033,20034],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[35,20036,20038],{"className":37,"code":20037,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20039,20040,20072,20076,20103],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20041,20042,20044,20046,20048,20050,20052,20054,20056,20058,20060,20062,20064,20066,20068,20070],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20043,4434],{"class":50},[44,20045,55],{"class":54},[44,20047,59],{"class":58},[44,20049,236],{"class":235},[44,20051,17764],{"class":239},[44,20053,236],{"class":235},[44,20055,2255],{"class":58},[44,20057,5375],{"class":62},[44,20059,66],{"class":58},[44,20061,247],{"class":235},[44,20063,17773],{"class":239},[44,20065,236],{"class":235},[44,20067,2255],{"class":58},[44,20069,5730],{"class":62},[44,20071,77],{"class":58},[44,20073,20074],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,20075,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,20077,20078,20081,20083,20085,20087,20089,20091,20093,20095,20097,20099,20101],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,20079,20080],{"class":50},"total_history ",[44,20082,55],{"class":54},[44,20084,4481],{"class":50},[44,20086,86],{"class":58},[44,20088,19098],{"class":89},[44,20090,103],{"class":58},[44,20092,236],{"class":235},[44,20094,17782],{"class":239},[44,20096,236],{"class":235},[44,20098,66],{"class":58},[44,20100,3202],{"class":62},[44,20102,108],{"class":58},[44,20104,20105,20107,20109,20112,20114],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,20106,100],{"class":99},[44,20108,103],{"class":58},[44,20110,20111],{"class":89},"total_history",[44,20113,3032],{"class":58},[44,20115,20116],{"class":3035},"   # 0\n",[20,20118,565,20119,20121],{},[15,20120,1490],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20123,20124],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[145,20126,20127,20130,20135,20140],{},[148,20128,20129],{},"Use a string for text",[148,20131,1462,20132,20134],{},[15,20133,1490],{}," for numbers",[148,20136,1462,20137,20139],{},[15,20138,3157],{}," for lists if needed",[148,20141,1462,20142,20144],{},[15,20143,957],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[131,20146,20148],{"id":20147},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20150,20151,20152,86],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20153,10108],{},[347,20155,20157,20159],{"id":20156},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20158,10108],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20161,20162,20163,20165],{},"This code does ",[30,20164,604],{}," create a new key:",[35,20167,20169],{"className":37,"code":20168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20170,20171,20195,20199,20224],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20172,20173,20175,20177,20179,20181,20183,20185,20187,20189,20191,20193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20174,12558],{"class":50},[44,20176,55],{"class":54},[44,20178,59],{"class":58},[44,20180,236],{"class":235},[44,20182,7041],{"class":239},[44,20184,236],{"class":235},[44,20186,2255],{"class":58},[44,20188,247],{"class":235},[44,20190,12237],{"class":239},[44,20192,236],{"class":235},[44,20194,77],{"class":58},[44,20196,20197],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,20198,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,20200,20201,20203,20205,20207,20209,20211,20213,20215,20217,20219,20221],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,20202,100],{"class":99},[44,20204,103],{"class":58},[44,20206,16657],{"class":89},[44,20208,86],{"class":58},[44,20210,19098],{"class":89},[44,20212,103],{"class":58},[44,20214,236],{"class":235},[44,20216,9777],{"class":239},[44,20218,236],{"class":235},[44,20220,4730],{"class":58},[44,20222,20223],{"class":3035},"  # None\n",[44,20225,20226,20228,20230,20232,20234],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,20227,100],{"class":99},[44,20229,103],{"class":58},[44,20231,16657],{"class":89},[44,20233,3032],{"class":58},[44,20235,20236],{"class":3035},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20238,20239],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[347,20241,20243,20245],{"id":20242},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20244,10108],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20247,20248],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[35,20250,20252],{"className":37,"code":20251,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20253,20254,20280,20284,20310],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20255,20256,20258,20260,20262,20264,20267,20269,20271,20273,20276,20278],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20257,13180],{"class":50},[44,20259,55],{"class":54},[44,20261,59],{"class":58},[44,20263,236],{"class":235},[44,20265,20266],{"class":239},"mode",[44,20268,236],{"class":235},[44,20270,2255],{"class":58},[44,20272,247],{"class":235},[44,20274,20275],{"class":239},"light",[44,20277,236],{"class":235},[44,20279,77],{"class":58},[44,20281,20282],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,20283,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,20285,20286,20288,20290,20292,20294,20296,20298,20300,20302,20304,20306,20308],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,20287,13239],{"class":50},[44,20289,86],{"class":58},[44,20291,19098],{"class":89},[44,20293,103],{"class":58},[44,20295,236],{"class":235},[44,20297,11853],{"class":239},[44,20299,236],{"class":235},[44,20301,66],{"class":58},[44,20303,247],{"class":235},[44,20305,11862],{"class":239},[44,20307,236],{"class":235},[44,20309,108],{"class":58},[44,20311,20312,20314,20316,20318,20320],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,20313,100],{"class":99},[44,20315,103],{"class":58},[44,20317,13239],{"class":89},[44,20319,3032],{"class":58},[44,20321,20322],{"class":3035},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,20324,20325,20326,20329],{},"Even though ",[15,20327,20328],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[347,20331,20333,20334],{"id":20332},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,20335,159],{},[20,20337,20338,20339,772,20341,20343],{},"Sometimes ",[15,20340,10108],{},[15,20342,159],{}," because:",[145,20345,20346,20349],{},[148,20347,20348],{},"The key is missing, or",[148,20350,20351,20352],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,20353,159],{},[20,20355,1578],{},[35,20357,20359],{"className":37,"code":20358,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,20360,20361,20398,20402,20426],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20362,20363,20365,20367,20369,20371,20373,20375,20377,20379,20381,20383,20385,20387,20390,20392,20394,20396],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20364,8536],{"class":50},[44,20366,55],{"class":54},[44,20368,59],{"class":58},[44,20370,236],{"class":235},[44,20372,7041],{"class":239},[44,20374,236],{"class":235},[44,20376,2255],{"class":58},[44,20378,247],{"class":235},[44,20380,12237],{"class":239},[44,20382,236],{"class":235},[44,20384,66],{"class":58},[44,20386,247],{"class":235},[44,20388,20389],{"class":239},"nickname",[44,20391,236],{"class":235},[44,20393,2255],{"class":58},[44,20395,3221],{"class":692},[44,20397,77],{"class":58},[44,20399,20400],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,20401,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,20403,20404,20406,20408,20410,20412,20414,20416,20418,20420,20422,20424],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,20405,100],{"class":99},[44,20407,103],{"class":58},[44,20409,8575],{"class":89},[44,20411,86],{"class":58},[44,20413,19098],{"class":89},[44,20415,103],{"class":58},[44,20417,236],{"class":235},[44,20419,20389],{"class":239},[44,20421,236],{"class":235},[44,20423,4730],{"class":58},[44,20425,20223],{"class":3035},[44,20427,20428,20430,20432,20434,20436,20438,20440,20442,20444,20446,20448],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,20429,100],{"class":99},[44,20431,103],{"class":58},[44,20433,8575],{"class":89},[44,20435,86],{"class":58},[44,20437,19098],{"class":89},[44,20439,103],{"class":58},[44,20441,236],{"class":235},[44,20443,9777],{"class":239},[44,20445,236],{"class":235},[44,20447,4730],{"class":58},[44,20449,20450],{"class":3035},"      # None\n",[20,20452,20453,20454,20456],{},"Both lines print ",[15,20455,159],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,20458,20459,20460,2255],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,20461,3252],{},[35,20463,20465],{"className":37,"code":20464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,20466,20467,20503,20507,20528],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20468,20469,20471,20473,20475,20477,20479,20481,20483,20485,20487,20489,20491,20493,20495,20497,20499,20501],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20470,8536],{"class":50},[44,20472,55],{"class":54},[44,20474,59],{"class":58},[44,20476,236],{"class":235},[44,20478,7041],{"class":239},[44,20480,236],{"class":235},[44,20482,2255],{"class":58},[44,20484,247],{"class":235},[44,20486,12237],{"class":239},[44,20488,236],{"class":235},[44,20490,66],{"class":58},[44,20492,247],{"class":235},[44,20494,20389],{"class":239},[44,20496,236],{"class":235},[44,20498,2255],{"class":58},[44,20500,3221],{"class":692},[44,20502,77],{"class":58},[44,20504,20505],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,20506,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,20508,20509,20511,20513,20515,20517,20519,20522,20524,20526],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,20510,100],{"class":99},[44,20512,103],{"class":58},[44,20514,236],{"class":235},[44,20516,20389],{"class":239},[44,20518,236],{"class":235},[44,20520,20521],{"class":3245}," in",[44,20523,13920],{"class":89},[44,20525,3032],{"class":58},[44,20527,3036],{"class":3035},[44,20529,20530,20532,20534,20536,20538,20540,20542,20544,20546],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,20531,100],{"class":99},[44,20533,103],{"class":58},[44,20535,236],{"class":235},[44,20537,9777],{"class":239},[44,20539,236],{"class":235},[44,20541,20521],{"class":3245},[44,20543,13920],{"class":89},[44,20545,3032],{"class":58},[44,20547,20548],{"class":3035},"      # False\n",[20,20550,20551,20552,86],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[167,20553,20554],{"href":16503},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[131,20556,2200],{"id":2199},[20,20558,20559,20560,2255],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,20561,10108],{},[145,20563,20564,20569,20576,20581],{},[148,20565,20566,20567],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,20568,19035],{},[148,20570,4074,20571,772,20573,20575],{},[15,20572,10108],{},[15,20574,159],{}," if no default is provided",[148,20577,3949,20578,20580],{},[15,20579,10108],{}," creates a key automatically",[148,20582,20583],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,20585,20586],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[35,20588,20590],{"className":37,"code":20589,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,20591,20592,20602,20616,20634,20656],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20593,20594,20596,20598,20600],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20595,100],{"class":99},[44,20597,103],{"class":58},[44,20599,10813],{"class":89},[44,20601,108],{"class":58},[44,20603,20604,20606,20608,20610,20612,20614],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,20605,100],{"class":99},[44,20607,103],{"class":58},[44,20609,10813],{"class":89},[44,20611,86],{"class":58},[44,20613,16273],{"class":89},[44,20615,6566],{"class":58},[44,20617,20618,20620,20622,20624,20626,20628,20630,20632],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,20619,100],{"class":99},[44,20621,103],{"class":58},[44,20623,1018],{"class":235},[44,20625,7041],{"class":239},[44,20627,1018],{"class":235},[44,20629,20521],{"class":3245},[44,20631,11125],{"class":89},[44,20633,108],{"class":58},[44,20635,20636,20638,20640,20642,20644,20646,20648,20650,20652,20654],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,20637,100],{"class":99},[44,20639,103],{"class":58},[44,20641,10813],{"class":89},[44,20643,86],{"class":58},[44,20645,19098],{"class":89},[44,20647,103],{"class":58},[44,20649,1018],{"class":235},[44,20651,7041],{"class":239},[44,20653,1018],{"class":235},[44,20655,993],{"class":58},[44,20657,20658,20660,20662,20664,20666,20668,20670,20672,20674,20676,20678,20680],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,20659,100],{"class":99},[44,20661,103],{"class":58},[44,20663,985],{"class":121},[44,20665,103],{"class":58},[44,20667,10813],{"class":89},[44,20669,86],{"class":58},[44,20671,19098],{"class":89},[44,20673,103],{"class":58},[44,20675,1018],{"class":235},[44,20677,7041],{"class":239},[44,20679,1018],{"class":235},[44,20681,2283],{"class":58},[20,20683,20684],{},"What these checks tell you:",[145,20686,20687,20692,20698,20704,20710],{},[148,20688,20689,20691],{},[15,20690,12037],{}," shows the full dictionary",[148,20693,20694,20697],{},[15,20695,20696],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[148,20699,20700,20703],{},[15,20701,20702],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[148,20705,20706,20709],{},[15,20707,20708],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[148,20711,20712,20715],{},[15,20713,20714],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,20717,20718,20719,342,20724,20728],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[167,20720,20721,20722,1272],{"href":16412},"the dictionary ",[15,20723,16415],{},[167,20725,20721,20726,1272],{"href":16425},[15,20727,16428],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[131,20730,1196],{"id":1195},[347,20732,1212,20734,20736,20737,1239],{"id":20733},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,20735,10108],{}," raise ",[15,20738,19035],{},[20,20740,20741,20742,20744],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,20743,159],{}," or the default value you provide.",[347,20746,1212,20748,20750],{"id":20747},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,20749,10108],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,20752,20753],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[347,20755,20757,20758,1239],{"id":20756},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,20759,10108],{},[20,20761,20762,20764],{},[15,20763,159],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[347,20766,20768,20769,20771],{"id":20767},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,20770,10108],{}," or square brackets?",[20,20773,1462,20774,20776],{},[15,20775,10108],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[131,20778,1251],{"id":1250},[145,20780,20781,20785,20791,20797,20801,20806],{},[148,20782,20783],{},[167,20784,8526],{"href":8525},[148,20786,20787],{},[167,20788,10105,20789,1272],{"href":16412},[15,20790,16415],{},[148,20792,20793],{},[167,20794,10105,20795,1272],{"href":16425},[15,20796,16428],{},[148,20798,20799],{},[167,20800,16504],{"href":16503},[148,20802,20803],{},[167,20804,20805],{"href":15948},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[148,20807,20808],{},[167,20809,10630],{"href":10441},[1294,20811,20812],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[20823,20824],{"id":19736,"depth":96,"text":19737},{"id":19098,"depth":96,"text":10108},{"id":19935,"depth":80,"text":19936},{"id":20147,"depth":80,"text":20148,"children":20827},[20828,20830,20832],{"id":20156,"depth":96,"text":20829},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20242,"depth":96,"text":20831},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20332,"depth":96,"text":20833},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":20836},[20837,20839,20841,20843],{"id":20733,"depth":96,"text":20838},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":20747,"depth":96,"text":20840},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":20756,"depth":96,"text":20842},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":20767,"depth":96,"text":20844},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19016,"description":20846},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":20853,"title":20854,"body":20855,"description":23411,"extension":1331,"meta":23412,"navigation":268,"path":23413,"seo":23414,"stem":23415,"__hash__":23416},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":20856,"toc":23377},[20857,20862,20868,20874,20876,20958,20962,20979,20984,20989,20994,20996,21010,21012,21075,21079,21119,21127,21129,21131,21146,21149,21162,21164,21243,21247,21313,21315,21319,21327,21329,21340,21342,21452,21456,21535,21540,21546,21551,21664,21668,21700,21703,21810,21816,21823,21827,21830,21933,21937,21998,22001,22004,22015,22024,22027,22044,22046,22145,22149,22224,22227,22250,22255,22260,22277,22279,22400,22404,22438,22440,22445,22452,22462,22464,22542,22545,22616,22626,22629,22661,22664,22703,22709,22716,22719,22810,22814,22895,22901,22904,22907,23012,23015,23018,23140,23144,23147,23214,23218,23255,23261,23263,23269,23274,23280,23287,23293,23296,23335,23341,23344,23346,23374],[10,20858,10686,20860,18],{"id":20859},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,20861,16428],{},[20,20863,140,20864,20867],{},[15,20865,20866],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,20869,20870,20871,20873],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,20872,16428],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[131,20875,1372],{"id":1371},[35,20877,20879],{"className":37,"code":20878,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,20880,20881,20917,20921,20944],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20882,20883,20885,20887,20889,20891,20893,20895,20897,20899,20901,20903,20905,20907,20909,20911,20913,20915],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20884,12558],{"class":50},[44,20886,55],{"class":54},[44,20888,59],{"class":58},[44,20890,236],{"class":235},[44,20892,7041],{"class":239},[44,20894,236],{"class":235},[44,20896,2255],{"class":58},[44,20898,247],{"class":235},[44,20900,12237],{"class":239},[44,20902,236],{"class":235},[44,20904,66],{"class":58},[44,20906,247],{"class":235},[44,20908,8669],{"class":239},[44,20910,236],{"class":235},[44,20912,2255],{"class":58},[44,20914,8676],{"class":62},[44,20916,77],{"class":58},[44,20918,20919],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,20920,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,20922,20923,20925,20928,20930,20933,20935,20937,20939,20941],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,20924,5328],{"class":3245},[44,20926,20927],{"class":50}," key",[44,20929,66],{"class":58},[44,20931,20932],{"class":50}," value ",[44,20934,3252],{"class":3245},[44,20936,12601],{"class":50},[44,20938,86],{"class":58},[44,20940,397],{"class":89},[44,20942,20943],{"class":58},"():\n",[44,20945,20946,20948,20950,20952,20954,20956],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,20947,7442],{"class":99},[44,20949,103],{"class":58},[44,20951,14195],{"class":89},[44,20953,66],{"class":58},[44,20955,7807],{"class":89},[44,20957,108],{"class":58},[20,20959,20960],{},[30,20961,111],{},[35,20963,20965],{"className":37,"code":20964,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,20966,20967,20972],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20968,20969],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20970,20971],{"class":50},"name Ana\n",[44,20973,20974,20977],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,20975,20976],{"class":50},"age ",[44,20978,2078],{"class":62},[20,20980,1462,20981,20983],{},[15,20982,16428],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[131,20985,134,20987,137],{"id":20986},"what-items-does",[15,20988,16428],{},[20,20990,20991,20993],{},[15,20992,16428],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,20995,10822],{},[145,20997,20998,21004,21007],{},[148,20999,21000,21001],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21002,21003],{},"(key, value)",[148,21005,21006],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[148,21008,21009],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21011,1578],{},[35,21013,21015],{"className":37,"code":21014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21016,21017,21053,21057],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21018,21019,21021,21023,21025,21027,21029,21031,21033,21035,21037,21039,21041,21043,21045,21047,21049,21051],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21020,12558],{"class":50},[44,21022,55],{"class":54},[44,21024,59],{"class":58},[44,21026,236],{"class":235},[44,21028,7041],{"class":239},[44,21030,236],{"class":235},[44,21032,2255],{"class":58},[44,21034,247],{"class":235},[44,21036,12237],{"class":239},[44,21038,236],{"class":235},[44,21040,66],{"class":58},[44,21042,247],{"class":235},[44,21044,8669],{"class":239},[44,21046,236],{"class":235},[44,21048,2255],{"class":58},[44,21050,8676],{"class":62},[44,21052,77],{"class":58},[44,21054,21055],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,21056,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,21058,21059,21061,21063,21065,21067,21069,21071,21073],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,21060,100],{"class":99},[44,21062,103],{"class":58},[44,21064,7467],{"class":121},[44,21066,103],{"class":58},[44,21068,16657],{"class":89},[44,21070,86],{"class":58},[44,21072,397],{"class":89},[44,21074,5660],{"class":58},[20,21076,21077],{},[30,21078,111],{},[35,21080,21082],{"className":37,"code":21081,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21083,21084],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21085,21086,21089,21091,21093,21095,21097,21099,21101,21103,21105,21107,21109,21111,21113,21115,21117],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21087,21088],{"class":58},"[(",[44,21090,1018],{"class":235},[44,21092,7041],{"class":239},[44,21094,1018],{"class":235},[44,21096,66],{"class":58},[44,21098,1012],{"class":235},[44,21100,12237],{"class":239},[44,21102,1018],{"class":235},[44,21104,8604],{"class":58},[44,21106,8607],{"class":58},[44,21108,1018],{"class":235},[44,21110,8669],{"class":239},[44,21112,1018],{"class":235},[44,21114,66],{"class":58},[44,21116,8676],{"class":62},[44,21118,8620],{"class":58},[20,21120,21121,21122,945,21124,86],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[167,21123,8526],{"href":12380},[167,21125,14378],{"href":21126},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[131,21128,175],{"id":174},[20,21130,4803],{},[35,21132,21134],{"className":37,"code":21133,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21135,21136],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21137,21138,21140,21142,21144],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21139,10813],{"class":50},[44,21141,86],{"class":58},[44,21143,397],{"class":89},[44,21145,93],{"class":58},[20,21147,21148],{},"Things to remember:",[145,21150,21151,21156,21159],{},[148,21152,21153,21155],{},[15,21154,16428],{}," does not take any arguments",[148,21157,21158],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[148,21160,21161],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21163,1578],{},[35,21165,21167],{"className":37,"code":21166,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21168,21169,21201,21205,21219,21223,21233],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21170,21171,21173,21175,21177,21179,21181,21183,21185,21187,21189,21191,21193,21195,21197,21199],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21172,4434],{"class":50},[44,21174,55],{"class":54},[44,21176,59],{"class":58},[44,21178,236],{"class":235},[44,21180,4374],{"class":239},[44,21182,236],{"class":235},[44,21184,2255],{"class":58},[44,21186,19246],{"class":62},[44,21188,66],{"class":58},[44,21190,247],{"class":235},[44,21192,4383],{"class":239},[44,21194,236],{"class":235},[44,21196,2255],{"class":58},[44,21198,12861],{"class":62},[44,21200,77],{"class":58},[44,21202,21203],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,21204,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,21206,21207,21209,21211,21213,21215,21217],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,21208,644],{"class":50},[44,21210,55],{"class":54},[44,21212,4481],{"class":50},[44,21214,86],{"class":58},[44,21216,397],{"class":89},[44,21218,93],{"class":58},[44,21220,21221],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,21222,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,21224,21225,21227,21229,21231],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,21226,100],{"class":99},[44,21228,103],{"class":58},[44,21230,668],{"class":89},[44,21232,108],{"class":58},[44,21234,21235,21237,21239,21241],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,21236,100],{"class":99},[44,21238,103],{"class":58},[44,21240,15740],{"class":89},[44,21242,108],{"class":58},[20,21244,21245],{},[30,21246,111],{},[35,21248,21250],{"className":37,"code":21249,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21251,21252,21285],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21253,21254,21257,21259,21261,21263,21265,21267,21269,21271,21273,21275,21277,21279,21281,21283],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21255,21256],{"class":89},"dict_items",[44,21258,9027],{"class":58},[44,21260,1018],{"class":235},[44,21262,4374],{"class":239},[44,21264,1018],{"class":235},[44,21266,66],{"class":58},[44,21268,19246],{"class":62},[44,21270,8604],{"class":58},[44,21272,8607],{"class":58},[44,21274,1018],{"class":235},[44,21276,4383],{"class":239},[44,21278,1018],{"class":235},[44,21280,66],{"class":58},[44,21282,12861],{"class":62},[44,21284,10047],{"class":58},[44,21286,21287,21289,21291,21293,21295,21297,21299,21301,21303,21305,21307,21309,21311],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,21288,550],{"class":58},[44,21290,1018],{"class":235},[44,21292,4374],{"class":239},[44,21294,1018],{"class":235},[44,21296,2255],{"class":58},[44,21298,19246],{"class":62},[44,21300,66],{"class":58},[44,21302,1012],{"class":235},[44,21304,4383],{"class":239},[44,21306,1018],{"class":235},[44,21308,2255],{"class":58},[44,21310,12861],{"class":62},[44,21312,77],{"class":58},[20,21314,20239],{},[131,21316,21318],{"id":21317},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,21320,21321,21323,21324,21326],{},[15,21322,16428],{}," returns a ",[15,21325,21256],{}," view object.",[20,21328,1477],{},[145,21330,21331,21334,21337],{},[148,21332,21333],{},"You can loop over it",[148,21335,21336],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[148,21338,21339],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,21341,1578],{},[35,21343,21345],{"className":37,"code":21344,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21346,21347,21379,21393,21397,21411,21415,21434,21438],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21348,21349,21351,21353,21355,21357,21359,21361,21363,21365,21367,21369,21371,21373,21375,21377],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21350,8536],{"class":50},[44,21352,55],{"class":54},[44,21354,59],{"class":58},[44,21356,236],{"class":235},[44,21358,1104],{"class":239},[44,21360,236],{"class":235},[44,21362,2255],{"class":58},[44,21364,4867],{"class":62},[44,21366,66],{"class":58},[44,21368,247],{"class":235},[44,21370,1113],{"class":239},[44,21372,236],{"class":235},[44,21374,2255],{"class":58},[44,21376,69],{"class":62},[44,21378,77],{"class":58},[44,21380,21381,21383,21385,21387,21389,21391],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,21382,8586],{"class":50},[44,21384,55],{"class":54},[44,21386,13920],{"class":50},[44,21388,86],{"class":58},[44,21390,397],{"class":89},[44,21392,93],{"class":58},[44,21394,21395],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,21396,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,21398,21399,21401,21403,21405,21407,21409],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,21400,100],{"class":99},[44,21402,103],{"class":58},[44,21404,7467],{"class":121},[44,21406,103],{"class":58},[44,21408,8633],{"class":89},[44,21410,993],{"class":58},[44,21412,21413],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,21414,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,21416,21417,21419,21421,21423,21426,21428,21430,21432],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,21418,8575],{"class":50},[44,21420,3270],{"class":58},[44,21422,236],{"class":235},[44,21424,21425],{"class":239},"z",[44,21427,236],{"class":235},[44,21429,12627],{"class":58},[44,21431,12630],{"class":54},[44,21433,1947],{"class":62},[44,21435,21436],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,21437,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,21439,21440,21442,21444,21446,21448,21450],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,21441,100],{"class":99},[44,21443,103],{"class":58},[44,21445,7467],{"class":121},[44,21447,103],{"class":58},[44,21449,8633],{"class":89},[44,21451,993],{"class":58},[20,21453,21454],{},[30,21455,111],{},[35,21457,21459],{"className":37,"code":21458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,21460,21461,21491],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21462,21463,21465,21467,21469,21471,21473,21475,21477,21479,21481,21483,21485,21487,21489],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21464,21088],{"class":58},[44,21466,1018],{"class":235},[44,21468,1104],{"class":239},[44,21470,1018],{"class":235},[44,21472,66],{"class":58},[44,21474,4867],{"class":62},[44,21476,8604],{"class":58},[44,21478,8607],{"class":58},[44,21480,1018],{"class":235},[44,21482,1113],{"class":239},[44,21484,1018],{"class":235},[44,21486,66],{"class":58},[44,21488,69],{"class":62},[44,21490,8620],{"class":58},[44,21492,21493,21495,21497,21499,21501,21503,21505,21507,21509,21511,21513,21515,21517,21519,21521,21523,21525,21527,21529,21531,21533],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,21494,21088],{"class":58},[44,21496,1018],{"class":235},[44,21498,1104],{"class":239},[44,21500,1018],{"class":235},[44,21502,66],{"class":58},[44,21504,4867],{"class":62},[44,21506,8604],{"class":58},[44,21508,8607],{"class":58},[44,21510,1018],{"class":235},[44,21512,1113],{"class":239},[44,21514,1018],{"class":235},[44,21516,66],{"class":58},[44,21518,69],{"class":62},[44,21520,8604],{"class":58},[44,21522,8607],{"class":58},[44,21524,1018],{"class":235},[44,21526,21425],{"class":239},[44,21528,1018],{"class":235},[44,21530,66],{"class":58},[44,21532,74],{"class":62},[44,21534,8620],{"class":58},[20,21536,768,21537,21539],{},[15,21538,8633],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[131,21541,21543,21544],{"id":21542},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,21545,16428],{},[20,21547,21548,21549,2255],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,21550,16428],{},[35,21552,21554],{"className":37,"code":21553,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,21555,21556,21609,21613,21633],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21557,21558,21560,21562,21564,21566,21568,21570,21572,21574,21576,21578,21580,21582,21584,21586,21588,21590,21593,21595,21597,21599,21601,21603,21605,21607],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21559,12220],{"class":50},[44,21561,55],{"class":54},[44,21563,59],{"class":58},[44,21565,236],{"class":235},[44,21567,7041],{"class":239},[44,21569,236],{"class":235},[44,21571,2255],{"class":58},[44,21573,247],{"class":235},[44,21575,7294],{"class":239},[44,21577,236],{"class":235},[44,21579,66],{"class":58},[44,21581,247],{"class":235},[44,21583,19239],{"class":239},[44,21585,236],{"class":235},[44,21587,2255],{"class":58},[44,21589,247],{"class":235},[44,21591,21592],{"class":239},"A",[44,21594,236],{"class":235},[44,21596,66],{"class":58},[44,21598,247],{"class":235},[44,21600,8669],{"class":239},[44,21602,236],{"class":235},[44,21604,2255],{"class":58},[44,21606,13212],{"class":62},[44,21608,77],{"class":58},[44,21610,21611],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,21612,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,21614,21615,21617,21619,21621,21623,21625,21627,21629,21631],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,21616,5328],{"class":3245},[44,21618,20927],{"class":50},[44,21620,66],{"class":58},[44,21622,20932],{"class":50},[44,21624,3252],{"class":3245},[44,21626,12263],{"class":50},[44,21628,86],{"class":58},[44,21630,397],{"class":89},[44,21632,20943],{"class":58},[44,21634,21635,21637,21639,21642,21644,21646,21648,21651,21654,21656,21658,21660,21662],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,21636,7442],{"class":99},[44,21638,103],{"class":58},[44,21640,21641],{"class":1008},"f",[44,21643,236],{"class":239},[44,21645,550],{"class":62},[44,21647,14195],{"class":89},[44,21649,21650],{"class":62},"}",[44,21652,21653],{"class":239},": ",[44,21655,550],{"class":62},[44,21657,1843],{"class":89},[44,21659,21650],{"class":62},[44,21661,236],{"class":239},[44,21663,108],{"class":58},[20,21665,21666],{},[30,21667,111],{},[35,21669,21671],{"className":37,"code":21670,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,21672,21673,21682,21691],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21674,21675,21677,21679],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21676,7041],{"class":50},[44,21678,2255],{"class":58},[44,21680,21681],{"class":50}," Mia\n",[44,21683,21684,21686,21688],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,21685,19239],{"class":50},[44,21687,2255],{"class":58},[44,21689,21690],{"class":50}," A\n",[44,21692,21693,21695,21697],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,21694,8669],{"class":50},[44,21696,2255],{"class":58},[44,21698,21699],{"class":62}," 14\n",[20,21701,21702],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[35,21704,21706],{"className":37,"code":21705,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,21707,21708,21760,21764,21776],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21709,21710,21712,21714,21716,21718,21720,21722,21724,21726,21728,21730,21732,21734,21736,21738,21740,21742,21744,21746,21748,21750,21752,21754,21756,21758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21711,12220],{"class":50},[44,21713,55],{"class":54},[44,21715,59],{"class":58},[44,21717,236],{"class":235},[44,21719,7041],{"class":239},[44,21721,236],{"class":235},[44,21723,2255],{"class":58},[44,21725,247],{"class":235},[44,21727,7294],{"class":239},[44,21729,236],{"class":235},[44,21731,66],{"class":58},[44,21733,247],{"class":235},[44,21735,19239],{"class":239},[44,21737,236],{"class":235},[44,21739,2255],{"class":58},[44,21741,247],{"class":235},[44,21743,21592],{"class":239},[44,21745,236],{"class":235},[44,21747,66],{"class":58},[44,21749,247],{"class":235},[44,21751,8669],{"class":239},[44,21753,236],{"class":235},[44,21755,2255],{"class":58},[44,21757,13212],{"class":62},[44,21759,77],{"class":58},[44,21761,21762],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,21763,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,21765,21766,21768,21770,21772,21774],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,21767,5328],{"class":3245},[44,21769,17556],{"class":50},[44,21771,3252],{"class":3245},[44,21773,12263],{"class":50},[44,21775,5764],{"class":58},[44,21777,21778,21780,21782,21784,21786,21788,21790,21792,21794,21796,21798,21800,21802,21804,21806,21808],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,21779,7442],{"class":99},[44,21781,103],{"class":58},[44,21783,21641],{"class":1008},[44,21785,236],{"class":239},[44,21787,550],{"class":62},[44,21789,14195],{"class":89},[44,21791,21650],{"class":62},[44,21793,21653],{"class":239},[44,21795,550],{"class":62},[44,21797,12980],{"class":89},[44,21799,3270],{"class":58},[44,21801,14195],{"class":89},[44,21803,12627],{"class":58},[44,21805,21650],{"class":62},[44,21807,236],{"class":239},[44,21809,108],{"class":58},[20,21811,5881,21812,21815],{},[15,21813,21814],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,21817,21818,21819,86],{},"For a full guide, see ",[167,21820,21822],{"href":21821},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[131,21824,21826],{"id":21825},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,21828,21829],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[35,21831,21833],{"className":37,"code":21832,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,21834,21835,21894,21898,21918,21922],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21836,21837,21839,21841,21843,21845,21847,21849,21851,21853,21855,21857,21859,21861,21863,21865,21867,21869,21872,21874,21876,21878,21881,21883,21885,21887,21890,21892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21838,228],{"class":50},[44,21840,55],{"class":54},[44,21842,59],{"class":58},[44,21844,236],{"class":235},[44,21846,3450],{"class":239},[44,21848,236],{"class":235},[44,21850,2255],{"class":58},[44,21852,247],{"class":235},[44,21854,240],{"class":239},[44,21856,236],{"class":235},[44,21858,66],{"class":58},[44,21860,247],{"class":235},[44,21862,3459],{"class":239},[44,21864,236],{"class":235},[44,21866,2255],{"class":58},[44,21868,247],{"class":235},[44,21870,21871],{"class":239},"yellow",[44,21873,236],{"class":235},[44,21875,66],{"class":58},[44,21877,247],{"class":235},[44,21879,21880],{"class":239},"grape",[44,21882,236],{"class":235},[44,21884,2255],{"class":58},[44,21886,247],{"class":235},[44,21888,21889],{"class":239},"purple",[44,21891,236],{"class":235},[44,21893,77],{"class":58},[44,21895,21896],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,21897,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,21899,21900,21903,21905,21908,21910,21912,21914,21916],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,21901,21902],{"class":50},"pairs_list ",[44,21904,55],{"class":54},[44,21906,21907],{"class":121}," list",[44,21909,103],{"class":58},[44,21911,274],{"class":89},[44,21913,86],{"class":58},[44,21915,397],{"class":89},[44,21917,6566],{"class":58},[44,21919,21920],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,21921,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,21923,21924,21926,21928,21931],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,21925,100],{"class":99},[44,21927,103],{"class":58},[44,21929,21930],{"class":89},"pairs_list",[44,21932,108],{"class":58},[20,21934,21935],{},[30,21936,111],{},[35,21938,21940],{"className":37,"code":21939,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,21941,21942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21943,21944,21946,21948,21950,21952,21954,21956,21958,21960,21962,21964,21966,21968,21970,21972,21974,21976,21978,21980,21982,21984,21986,21988,21990,21992,21994,21996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21945,21088],{"class":58},[44,21947,1018],{"class":235},[44,21949,3450],{"class":239},[44,21951,1018],{"class":235},[44,21953,66],{"class":58},[44,21955,1012],{"class":235},[44,21957,240],{"class":239},[44,21959,1018],{"class":235},[44,21961,8604],{"class":58},[44,21963,8607],{"class":58},[44,21965,1018],{"class":235},[44,21967,3459],{"class":239},[44,21969,1018],{"class":235},[44,21971,66],{"class":58},[44,21973,1012],{"class":235},[44,21975,21871],{"class":239},[44,21977,1018],{"class":235},[44,21979,8604],{"class":58},[44,21981,8607],{"class":58},[44,21983,1018],{"class":235},[44,21985,21880],{"class":239},[44,21987,1018],{"class":235},[44,21989,66],{"class":58},[44,21991,1012],{"class":235},[44,21993,21889],{"class":239},[44,21995,1018],{"class":235},[44,21997,8620],{"class":58},[20,21999,22000],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22002,22003],{},"Use this when:",[145,22005,22006,22009,22012],{},[148,22007,22008],{},"You want clearer printed output",[148,22010,22011],{},"You need list behavior",[148,22013,22014],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[131,22016,22018,9953,22020,9953,22022],{"id":22017},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22019,16428],{},[15,22021,16415],{},[15,22023,16421],{},[20,22025,22026],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[145,22028,22029,22034,22039],{},[148,22030,22031,22033],{},[15,22032,16428],{}," gives both key and value",[148,22035,22036,22038],{},[15,22037,16415],{}," gives only keys",[148,22040,22041,22043],{},[15,22042,16421],{}," gives only values",[20,22045,1578],{},[35,22047,22049],{"className":37,"code":22048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22050,22051,22087,22091,22109,22127],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22052,22053,22055,22057,22059,22061,22063,22065,22067,22069,22071,22073,22075,22077,22079,22081,22083,22085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22054,12558],{"class":50},[44,22056,55],{"class":54},[44,22058,59],{"class":58},[44,22060,236],{"class":235},[44,22062,7041],{"class":239},[44,22064,236],{"class":235},[44,22066,2255],{"class":58},[44,22068,247],{"class":235},[44,22070,12237],{"class":239},[44,22072,236],{"class":235},[44,22074,66],{"class":58},[44,22076,247],{"class":235},[44,22078,8669],{"class":239},[44,22080,236],{"class":235},[44,22082,2255],{"class":58},[44,22084,8676],{"class":62},[44,22086,77],{"class":58},[44,22088,22089],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,22090,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,22092,22093,22095,22097,22099,22101,22103,22105,22107],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,22094,100],{"class":99},[44,22096,103],{"class":58},[44,22098,7467],{"class":121},[44,22100,103],{"class":58},[44,22102,16657],{"class":89},[44,22104,86],{"class":58},[44,22106,16273],{"class":89},[44,22108,5660],{"class":58},[44,22110,22111,22113,22115,22117,22119,22121,22123,22125],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,22112,100],{"class":99},[44,22114,103],{"class":58},[44,22116,7467],{"class":121},[44,22118,103],{"class":58},[44,22120,16657],{"class":89},[44,22122,86],{"class":58},[44,22124,4727],{"class":89},[44,22126,5660],{"class":58},[44,22128,22129,22131,22133,22135,22137,22139,22141,22143],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,22130,100],{"class":99},[44,22132,103],{"class":58},[44,22134,7467],{"class":121},[44,22136,103],{"class":58},[44,22138,16657],{"class":89},[44,22140,86],{"class":58},[44,22142,397],{"class":89},[44,22144,5660],{"class":58},[20,22146,22147],{},[30,22148,111],{},[35,22150,22152],{"className":37,"code":22151,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22153,22154,22174,22190],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22155,22156,22158,22160,22162,22164,22166,22168,22170,22172],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22157,3270],{"class":58},[44,22159,1018],{"class":235},[44,22161,7041],{"class":239},[44,22163,1018],{"class":235},[44,22165,66],{"class":58},[44,22167,1012],{"class":235},[44,22169,8669],{"class":239},[44,22171,1018],{"class":235},[44,22173,3006],{"class":58},[44,22175,22176,22178,22180,22182,22184,22186,22188],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,22177,3270],{"class":58},[44,22179,1018],{"class":235},[44,22181,12237],{"class":239},[44,22183,1018],{"class":235},[44,22185,66],{"class":58},[44,22187,8676],{"class":62},[44,22189,3006],{"class":58},[44,22191,22192,22194,22196,22198,22200,22202,22204,22206,22208,22210,22212,22214,22216,22218,22220,22222],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,22193,21088],{"class":58},[44,22195,1018],{"class":235},[44,22197,7041],{"class":239},[44,22199,1018],{"class":235},[44,22201,66],{"class":58},[44,22203,1012],{"class":235},[44,22205,12237],{"class":239},[44,22207,1018],{"class":235},[44,22209,8604],{"class":58},[44,22211,8607],{"class":58},[44,22213,1018],{"class":235},[44,22215,8669],{"class":239},[44,22217,1018],{"class":235},[44,22219,66],{"class":58},[44,22221,8676],{"class":62},[44,22223,8620],{"class":58},[20,22225,22226],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[145,22228,22229,22237,22245],{},[148,22230,22231,22232],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[167,22233,22235],{"href":22234},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22236,16415],{},[148,22238,22239,22240],{},"Need just values? Use ",[167,22241,22243],{"href":22242},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22244,16421],{},[148,22246,22247,22248],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22249,16428],{},[131,22251,4331,22253],{"id":22252},"when-to-use-items",[15,22254,16428],{},[20,22256,22257,22259],{},[15,22258,16428],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[145,22261,22262,22265,22268,22271,22274],{},[148,22263,22264],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[148,22266,22267],{},"Building formatted output",[148,22269,22270],{},"Looping through settings and values",[148,22272,22273],{},"Showing names with scores",[148,22275,22276],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22278,1578],{},[35,22280,22282],{"className":37,"code":22281,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22283,22284,22292,22310,22329,22341,22345,22349,22370],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22285,22286,22288,22290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22287,13180],{"class":50},[44,22289,55],{"class":54},[44,22291,10854],{"class":58},[44,22293,22294,22296,22298,22300,22302,22304,22306,22308],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,22295,10859],{"class":235},[44,22297,11853],{"class":239},[44,22299,236],{"class":235},[44,22301,2255],{"class":58},[44,22303,247],{"class":235},[44,22305,11862],{"class":239},[44,22307,236],{"class":235},[44,22309,10875],{"class":58},[44,22311,22312,22314,22316,22318,22320,22322,22325,22327],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,22313,10859],{"class":235},[44,22315,19471],{"class":239},[44,22317,236],{"class":235},[44,22319,2255],{"class":58},[44,22321,247],{"class":235},[44,22323,22324],{"class":239},"English",[44,22326,236],{"class":235},[44,22328,10875],{"class":58},[44,22330,22331,22333,22335,22337,22339],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,22332,10859],{"class":235},[44,22334,17872],{"class":239},[44,22336,236],{"class":235},[44,22338,2255],{"class":58},[44,22340,5793],{"class":692},[44,22342,22343],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,22344,77],{"class":58},[44,22346,22347],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,22348,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,22350,22351,22353,22356,22358,22360,22362,22364,22366,22368],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,22352,5328],{"class":3245},[44,22354,22355],{"class":50}," setting",[44,22357,66],{"class":58},[44,22359,20932],{"class":50},[44,22361,3252],{"class":3245},[44,22363,13224],{"class":50},[44,22365,86],{"class":58},[44,22367,397],{"class":89},[44,22369,20943],{"class":58},[44,22371,22372,22374,22376,22378,22380,22382,22385,22387,22390,22392,22394,22396,22398],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,22373,7442],{"class":99},[44,22375,103],{"class":58},[44,22377,21641],{"class":1008},[44,22379,236],{"class":239},[44,22381,550],{"class":62},[44,22383,22384],{"class":89},"setting",[44,22386,21650],{"class":62},[44,22388,22389],{"class":239}," = ",[44,22391,550],{"class":62},[44,22393,1843],{"class":89},[44,22395,21650],{"class":62},[44,22397,236],{"class":239},[44,22399,108],{"class":58},[20,22401,22402],{},[30,22403,111],{},[35,22405,22407],{"className":37,"code":22406,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,22408,22409,22419,22429],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22410,22411,22414,22416],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22412,22413],{"class":50},"theme ",[44,22415,55],{"class":54},[44,22417,22418],{"class":50}," dark\n",[44,22420,22421,22424,22426],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,22422,22423],{"class":50},"language ",[44,22425,55],{"class":54},[44,22427,22428],{"class":50}," English\n",[44,22430,22431,22434,22436],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,22432,22433],{"class":50},"notifications ",[44,22435,55],{"class":54},[44,22437,5793],{"class":692},[131,22439,2200],{"id":2199},[20,22441,22442,22443,86],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,22444,16428],{},[347,22446,22448,22449,22451],{"id":22447},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,22450,16428],{}," incorrectly",[20,22453,22454,22455,22457,22458,22461],{},"Each result from ",[15,22456,16428],{}," has ",[30,22459,22460],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,22463,6059],{},[35,22465,22466],{"className":37,"code":20878,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,22467,22468,22504,22508,22528],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22469,22470,22472,22474,22476,22478,22480,22482,22484,22486,22488,22490,22492,22494,22496,22498,22500,22502],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22471,12558],{"class":50},[44,22473,55],{"class":54},[44,22475,59],{"class":58},[44,22477,236],{"class":235},[44,22479,7041],{"class":239},[44,22481,236],{"class":235},[44,22483,2255],{"class":58},[44,22485,247],{"class":235},[44,22487,12237],{"class":239},[44,22489,236],{"class":235},[44,22491,66],{"class":58},[44,22493,247],{"class":235},[44,22495,8669],{"class":239},[44,22497,236],{"class":235},[44,22499,2255],{"class":58},[44,22501,8676],{"class":62},[44,22503,77],{"class":58},[44,22505,22506],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,22507,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,22509,22510,22512,22514,22516,22518,22520,22522,22524,22526],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,22511,5328],{"class":3245},[44,22513,20927],{"class":50},[44,22515,66],{"class":58},[44,22517,20932],{"class":50},[44,22519,3252],{"class":3245},[44,22521,12601],{"class":50},[44,22523,86],{"class":58},[44,22525,397],{"class":89},[44,22527,20943],{"class":58},[44,22529,22530,22532,22534,22536,22538,22540],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,22531,7442],{"class":99},[44,22533,103],{"class":58},[44,22535,14195],{"class":89},[44,22537,66],{"class":58},[44,22539,7807],{"class":89},[44,22541,108],{"class":58},[20,22543,22544],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[35,22546,22548],{"className":37,"code":22547,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,22549,22550,22586,22590,22606],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22551,22552,22554,22556,22558,22560,22562,22564,22566,22568,22570,22572,22574,22576,22578,22580,22582,22584],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22553,12558],{"class":50},[44,22555,55],{"class":54},[44,22557,59],{"class":58},[44,22559,236],{"class":235},[44,22561,7041],{"class":239},[44,22563,236],{"class":235},[44,22565,2255],{"class":58},[44,22567,247],{"class":235},[44,22569,12237],{"class":239},[44,22571,236],{"class":235},[44,22573,66],{"class":58},[44,22575,247],{"class":235},[44,22577,8669],{"class":239},[44,22579,236],{"class":235},[44,22581,2255],{"class":58},[44,22583,8676],{"class":62},[44,22585,77],{"class":58},[44,22587,22588],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,22589,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,22591,22592,22594,22596,22598,22600,22602,22604],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,22593,5328],{"class":3245},[44,22595,17556],{"class":50},[44,22597,3252],{"class":3245},[44,22599,12601],{"class":50},[44,22601,86],{"class":58},[44,22603,397],{"class":89},[44,22605,20943],{"class":58},[44,22607,22608,22610,22612,22614],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,22609,7442],{"class":99},[44,22611,103],{"class":58},[44,22613,14195],{"class":89},[44,22615,108],{"class":58},[20,22617,22618,22619,22621,22622,22625],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,22620,14195],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,22623,22624],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,22627,22628],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[35,22630,22632],{"className":37,"code":22631,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,22633,22634,22650],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22635,22636,22638,22640,22642,22644,22646,22648],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22637,5328],{"class":3245},[44,22639,5331],{"class":50},[44,22641,3252],{"class":3245},[44,22643,12601],{"class":50},[44,22645,86],{"class":58},[44,22647,397],{"class":89},[44,22649,20943],{"class":58},[44,22651,22652,22654,22656,22659],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,22653,7442],{"class":99},[44,22655,103],{"class":58},[44,22657,22658],{"class":89},"item",[44,22660,108],{"class":58},[20,22662,22663],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[35,22665,22667],{"className":37,"code":22666,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,22668,22669,22689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22670,22671,22673,22675,22677,22679,22681,22683,22685,22687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22672,5328],{"class":3245},[44,22674,20927],{"class":50},[44,22676,66],{"class":58},[44,22678,20932],{"class":50},[44,22680,3252],{"class":3245},[44,22682,12601],{"class":50},[44,22684,86],{"class":58},[44,22686,397],{"class":89},[44,22688,20943],{"class":58},[44,22690,22691,22693,22695,22697,22699,22701],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,22692,7442],{"class":99},[44,22694,103],{"class":58},[44,22696,14195],{"class":89},[44,22698,66],{"class":58},[44,22700,7807],{"class":89},[44,22702,108],{"class":58},[347,22704,923,22706,22708],{"id":22705},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,22707,16428],{}," to return a regular list",[20,22710,22711,21323,22713,22715],{},[15,22712,16428],{},[15,22714,21256],{}," object, not a list.",[20,22717,22718],{},"Check it:",[35,22720,22722],{"className":37,"code":22721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,22723,22724,22756,22760,22774,22792],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22725,22726,22728,22730,22732,22734,22736,22738,22740,22742,22744,22746,22748,22750,22752,22754],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22727,11084],{"class":50},[44,22729,55],{"class":54},[44,22731,59],{"class":58},[44,22733,236],{"class":235},[44,22735,167],{"class":239},[44,22737,236],{"class":235},[44,22739,2255],{"class":58},[44,22741,4867],{"class":62},[44,22743,66],{"class":58},[44,22745,247],{"class":235},[44,22747,1164],{"class":239},[44,22749,236],{"class":235},[44,22751,2255],{"class":58},[44,22753,69],{"class":62},[44,22755,77],{"class":58},[44,22757,22758],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,22759,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,22761,22762,22764,22766,22768,22770,22772],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,22763,100],{"class":99},[44,22765,103],{"class":58},[44,22767,10813],{"class":89},[44,22769,86],{"class":58},[44,22771,397],{"class":89},[44,22773,6566],{"class":58},[44,22775,22776,22778,22780,22782,22784,22786,22788,22790],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,22777,100],{"class":99},[44,22779,103],{"class":58},[44,22781,985],{"class":121},[44,22783,103],{"class":58},[44,22785,10813],{"class":89},[44,22787,86],{"class":58},[44,22789,397],{"class":89},[44,22791,5660],{"class":58},[44,22793,22794,22796,22798,22800,22802,22804,22806,22808],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,22795,100],{"class":99},[44,22797,103],{"class":58},[44,22799,7467],{"class":121},[44,22801,103],{"class":58},[44,22803,10813],{"class":89},[44,22805,86],{"class":58},[44,22807,397],{"class":89},[44,22809,5660],{"class":58},[20,22811,22812],{},[30,22813,111],{},[35,22815,22817],{"className":37,"code":22816,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,22818,22819,22851,22865],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22820,22821,22823,22825,22827,22829,22831,22833,22835,22837,22839,22841,22843,22845,22847,22849],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22822,21256],{"class":89},[44,22824,9027],{"class":58},[44,22826,1018],{"class":235},[44,22828,167],{"class":239},[44,22830,1018],{"class":235},[44,22832,66],{"class":58},[44,22834,4867],{"class":62},[44,22836,8604],{"class":58},[44,22838,8607],{"class":58},[44,22840,1018],{"class":235},[44,22842,1164],{"class":239},[44,22844,1018],{"class":235},[44,22846,66],{"class":58},[44,22848,69],{"class":62},[44,22850,10047],{"class":58},[44,22852,22853,22855,22857,22859,22861,22863],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,22854,1005],{"class":54},[44,22856,1009],{"class":1008},[44,22858,1012],{"class":235},[44,22860,21256],{"class":239},[44,22862,1018],{"class":235},[44,22864,1021],{"class":54},[44,22866,22867,22869,22871,22873,22875,22877,22879,22881,22883,22885,22887,22889,22891,22893],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,22868,21088],{"class":58},[44,22870,1018],{"class":235},[44,22872,167],{"class":239},[44,22874,1018],{"class":235},[44,22876,66],{"class":58},[44,22878,4867],{"class":62},[44,22880,8604],{"class":58},[44,22882,8607],{"class":58},[44,22884,1018],{"class":235},[44,22886,1164],{"class":239},[44,22888,1018],{"class":235},[44,22890,66],{"class":58},[44,22892,69],{"class":62},[44,22894,8620],{"class":58},[347,22896,22898,22899],{"id":22897},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,22900,16428],{},[20,22902,22903],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,22905,22906],{},"Problem example:",[35,22908,22910],{"className":37,"code":22909,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,22911,22912,22956,22960,22980,22992],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22913,22914,22916,22918,22920,22922,22924,22926,22928,22930,22932,22934,22936,22938,22940,22942,22944,22946,22948,22950,22952,22954],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22915,51],{"class":50},[44,22917,55],{"class":54},[44,22919,59],{"class":58},[44,22921,236],{"class":235},[44,22923,167],{"class":239},[44,22925,236],{"class":235},[44,22927,2255],{"class":58},[44,22929,4867],{"class":62},[44,22931,66],{"class":58},[44,22933,247],{"class":235},[44,22935,1164],{"class":239},[44,22937,236],{"class":235},[44,22939,2255],{"class":58},[44,22941,69],{"class":62},[44,22943,66],{"class":58},[44,22945,247],{"class":235},[44,22947,9109],{"class":239},[44,22949,236],{"class":235},[44,22951,2255],{"class":58},[44,22953,74],{"class":62},[44,22955,77],{"class":58},[44,22957,22958],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,22959,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,22961,22962,22964,22966,22968,22970,22972,22974,22976,22978],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,22963,5328],{"class":3245},[44,22965,20927],{"class":50},[44,22967,66],{"class":58},[44,22969,20932],{"class":50},[44,22971,3252],{"class":3245},[44,22973,649],{"class":50},[44,22975,86],{"class":58},[44,22977,397],{"class":89},[44,22979,20943],{"class":58},[44,22981,22982,22984,22986,22988,22990],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,22983,5769],{"class":3245},[44,22985,20932],{"class":50},[44,22987,4058],{"class":54},[44,22989,69],{"class":62},[44,22991,5764],{"class":58},[44,22993,22994,22997,22999,23001,23003,23005,23007,23009],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,22995,22996],{"class":50},"        numbers",[44,22998,3270],{"class":58},[44,23000,236],{"class":235},[44,23002,18115],{"class":239},[44,23004,236],{"class":235},[44,23006,12627],{"class":58},[44,23008,12630],{"class":54},[44,23010,23011],{"class":62}," 4\n",[20,23013,23014],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23016,23017],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[35,23019,23021],{"className":37,"code":23020,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23022,23023,23067,23071,23096,23108,23126,23130],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23024,23025,23027,23029,23031,23033,23035,23037,23039,23041,23043,23045,23047,23049,23051,23053,23055,23057,23059,23061,23063,23065],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23026,51],{"class":50},[44,23028,55],{"class":54},[44,23030,59],{"class":58},[44,23032,236],{"class":235},[44,23034,167],{"class":239},[44,23036,236],{"class":235},[44,23038,2255],{"class":58},[44,23040,4867],{"class":62},[44,23042,66],{"class":58},[44,23044,247],{"class":235},[44,23046,1164],{"class":239},[44,23048,236],{"class":235},[44,23050,2255],{"class":58},[44,23052,69],{"class":62},[44,23054,66],{"class":58},[44,23056,247],{"class":235},[44,23058,9109],{"class":239},[44,23060,236],{"class":235},[44,23062,2255],{"class":58},[44,23064,74],{"class":62},[44,23066,77],{"class":58},[44,23068,23069],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,23070,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,23072,23073,23075,23077,23079,23081,23083,23085,23087,23089,23091,23093],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,23074,5328],{"class":3245},[44,23076,20927],{"class":50},[44,23078,66],{"class":58},[44,23080,20932],{"class":50},[44,23082,3252],{"class":3245},[44,23084,21907],{"class":121},[44,23086,103],{"class":58},[44,23088,83],{"class":89},[44,23090,86],{"class":58},[44,23092,397],{"class":89},[44,23094,23095],{"class":58},"()):\n",[44,23097,23098,23100,23102,23104,23106],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,23099,5769],{"class":3245},[44,23101,20932],{"class":50},[44,23103,4058],{"class":54},[44,23105,69],{"class":62},[44,23107,5764],{"class":58},[44,23109,23110,23112,23114,23116,23118,23120,23122,23124],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,23111,22996],{"class":50},[44,23113,3270],{"class":58},[44,23115,236],{"class":235},[44,23117,18115],{"class":239},[44,23119,236],{"class":235},[44,23121,12627],{"class":58},[44,23123,12630],{"class":54},[44,23125,23011],{"class":62},[44,23127,23128],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,23129,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,23131,23132,23134,23136,23138],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,23133,100],{"class":99},[44,23135,103],{"class":58},[44,23137,83],{"class":89},[44,23139,108],{"class":58},[347,23141,23143],{"id":23142},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23145,23146],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[35,23148,23150],{"className":37,"code":23149,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23151,23152,23184,23188,23204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23153,23154,23156,23158,23160,23162,23164,23166,23168,23170,23172,23174,23176,23178,23180,23182],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23155,8536],{"class":50},[44,23157,55],{"class":54},[44,23159,59],{"class":58},[44,23161,236],{"class":235},[44,23163,1104],{"class":239},[44,23165,236],{"class":235},[44,23167,2255],{"class":58},[44,23169,5375],{"class":62},[44,23171,66],{"class":58},[44,23173,247],{"class":235},[44,23175,1113],{"class":239},[44,23177,236],{"class":235},[44,23179,2255],{"class":58},[44,23181,7163],{"class":62},[44,23183,77],{"class":58},[44,23185,23186],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,23187,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,23189,23190,23192,23194,23196,23198,23200,23202],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,23191,5328],{"class":3245},[44,23193,5331],{"class":50},[44,23195,3252],{"class":3245},[44,23197,13920],{"class":50},[44,23199,86],{"class":58},[44,23201,397],{"class":89},[44,23203,20943],{"class":58},[44,23205,23206,23208,23210,23212],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,23207,7442],{"class":99},[44,23209,103],{"class":58},[44,23211,22658],{"class":89},[44,23213,108],{"class":58},[20,23215,23216],{},[30,23217,111],{},[35,23219,23221],{"className":37,"code":23220,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23222,23223,23239],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23224,23225,23227,23229,23231,23233,23235,23237],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23226,103],{"class":58},[44,23228,1018],{"class":235},[44,23230,1104],{"class":239},[44,23232,1018],{"class":235},[44,23234,66],{"class":58},[44,23236,5375],{"class":62},[44,23238,108],{"class":58},[44,23240,23241,23243,23245,23247,23249,23251,23253],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,23242,103],{"class":58},[44,23244,1018],{"class":235},[44,23246,1113],{"class":239},[44,23248,1018],{"class":235},[44,23250,66],{"class":58},[44,23252,7163],{"class":62},[44,23254,108],{"class":58},[20,23256,23257,23258,23260],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23259,21003],{}," pair.",[131,23262,1196],{"id":1195},[347,23264,23266,23267,1203],{"id":23265},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23268,16428],{},[20,23270,16770,23271,23273],{},[15,23272,21256],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[347,23275,1212,23277,23279],{"id":23276},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23278,16428],{}," return a list?",[20,23281,23282,23283,23286],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23284,23285],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[347,23288,23290,23291,1239],{"id":23289},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23292,16428],{},[20,23294,23295],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[35,23297,23299],{"className":37,"code":23298,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23300,23301,23321],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23302,23303,23305,23307,23309,23311,23313,23315,23317,23319],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23304,5328],{"class":3245},[44,23306,20927],{"class":50},[44,23308,66],{"class":58},[44,23310,20932],{"class":50},[44,23312,3252],{"class":3245},[44,23314,11125],{"class":50},[44,23316,86],{"class":58},[44,23318,397],{"class":89},[44,23320,20943],{"class":58},[44,23322,23323,23325,23327,23329,23331,23333],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,23324,7442],{"class":99},[44,23326,103],{"class":58},[44,23328,14195],{"class":89},[44,23330,66],{"class":58},[44,23332,7807],{"class":89},[44,23334,108],{"class":58},[347,23336,1212,23338,23340],{"id":23337},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23339,16428],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,23342,23343],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[131,23345,1251],{"id":1250},[145,23347,23348,23354,23360,23365,23369],{},[148,23349,23350],{},[167,23351,10105,23352,1272],{"href":22234},[15,23353,16415],{},[148,23355,23356],{},[167,23357,10105,23358,1272],{"href":22242},[15,23359,16421],{},[148,23361,23362],{},[167,23363,23364],{"href":21821},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[148,23366,23367],{},[167,23368,8526],{"href":12380},[148,23370,23371],{},[167,23372,23373],{"href":21126},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1294,23375,23376],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":23378},[23379,23380,23382,23383,23384,23386,23387,23389,23391,23400,23410],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":20986,"depth":80,"text":23381},"What items() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":21317,"depth":80,"text":21318},{"id":21542,"depth":80,"text":23385},"Looping with items()",{"id":21825,"depth":80,"text":21826},{"id":22017,"depth":80,"text":23388},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22252,"depth":80,"text":23390},"When to use items()",{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200,"children":23392},[23393,23395,23397,23399],{"id":22447,"depth":96,"text":23394},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":22705,"depth":96,"text":23396},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":22897,"depth":96,"text":23398},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23142,"depth":96,"text":23143},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":23401},[23402,23404,23406,23408],{"id":23265,"depth":96,"text":23403},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23276,"depth":96,"text":23405},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23289,"depth":96,"text":23407},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23337,"depth":96,"text":23409},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":20854,"description":23411},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23418,"title":23419,"body":23420,"description":25510,"extension":1331,"meta":25511,"navigation":268,"path":22234,"seo":25512,"stem":25513,"__hash__":25514},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23421,"toc":25476},[23422,23427,23433,23436,23447,23454,23456,23539,23543,23590,23595,23600,23605,23607,23623,23625,23724,23728,23785,23788,23790,23793,23886,23890,23953,23956,23972,23977,23979,23981,23996,23998,24009,24011,24054,24057,24101,24104,24106,24113,24116,24133,24135,24228,24232,24273,24285,24289,24292,24380,24384,24404,24407,24434,24441,24446,24450,24461,24463,24567,24571,24597,24600,24667,24672,24675,24698,24703,24707,24712,24718,24723,24725,24780,24784,24811,24818,24824,24827,24852,24858,24884,24887,24962,24969,24974,24976,25015,25033,25037,25039,25082,25085,25087,25106,25108,25113,25138,25141,25211,25214,25287,25291,25293,25354,25357,25373,25375,25380,25385,25392,25401,25407,25413,25420,25426,25430,25435,25437,25473],[10,23423,10686,23425,18],{"id":23424},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23426,16415],{},[20,23428,23429,23430,23432],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,23431,16415],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23434,23435],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[145,23437,23438,23441,23444],{},[148,23439,23440],{},"view the available keys",[148,23442,23443],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[148,23445,23446],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,23448,23449,23451,23452,86],{},[15,23450,16415],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,23453,16364],{},[131,23455,1372],{"id":1371},[35,23457,23459],{"className":37,"code":23458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,23460,23461,23497,23511,23515,23525],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23462,23463,23465,23467,23469,23471,23473,23475,23477,23479,23481,23483,23485,23487,23489,23491,23493,23495],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23464,12220],{"class":50},[44,23466,55],{"class":54},[44,23468,59],{"class":58},[44,23470,236],{"class":235},[44,23472,7041],{"class":239},[44,23474,236],{"class":235},[44,23476,2255],{"class":58},[44,23478,247],{"class":235},[44,23480,12237],{"class":239},[44,23482,236],{"class":235},[44,23484,66],{"class":58},[44,23486,247],{"class":235},[44,23488,8669],{"class":239},[44,23490,236],{"class":235},[44,23492,2255],{"class":58},[44,23494,7163],{"class":62},[44,23496,77],{"class":58},[44,23498,23499,23501,23503,23505,23507,23509],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,23500,16592],{"class":50},[44,23502,55],{"class":54},[44,23504,12263],{"class":50},[44,23506,86],{"class":58},[44,23508,16273],{"class":89},[44,23510,93],{"class":58},[44,23512,23513],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,23514,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,23516,23517,23519,23521,23523],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,23518,100],{"class":99},[44,23520,103],{"class":58},[44,23522,16273],{"class":89},[44,23524,108],{"class":58},[44,23526,23527,23529,23531,23533,23535,23537],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,23528,100],{"class":99},[44,23530,103],{"class":58},[44,23532,7467],{"class":121},[44,23534,103],{"class":58},[44,23536,16273],{"class":89},[44,23538,993],{"class":58},[20,23540,23541],{},[30,23542,111],{},[35,23544,23546],{"className":37,"code":23545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,23547,23548,23570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23549,23550,23552,23554,23556,23558,23560,23562,23564,23566,23568],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23551,16364],{"class":89},[44,23553,2357],{"class":58},[44,23555,1018],{"class":235},[44,23557,7041],{"class":239},[44,23559,1018],{"class":235},[44,23561,66],{"class":58},[44,23563,1012],{"class":235},[44,23565,8669],{"class":239},[44,23567,1018],{"class":235},[44,23569,3258],{"class":58},[44,23571,23572,23574,23576,23578,23580,23582,23584,23586,23588],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,23573,3270],{"class":58},[44,23575,1018],{"class":235},[44,23577,7041],{"class":239},[44,23579,1018],{"class":235},[44,23581,66],{"class":58},[44,23583,1012],{"class":235},[44,23585,8669],{"class":239},[44,23587,1018],{"class":235},[44,23589,3006],{"class":58},[20,23591,1462,23592,23594],{},[15,23593,16415],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[131,23596,134,23598,137],{"id":23597},"what-keys-does",[15,23599,16415],{},[20,23601,23602,23604],{},[15,23603,16415],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23606,10822],{},[145,23608,23609,23612,23615,23620],{},[148,23610,23611],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[148,23613,23614],{},"It does not need any arguments",[148,23616,16770,23617,23619],{},[15,23618,16364],{}," view object, not a list",[148,23621,23622],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,23624,1578],{},[35,23626,23628],{"className":37,"code":23627,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,23629,23630,23666,23670,23684,23688,23710],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23631,23632,23634,23636,23638,23640,23642,23644,23646,23648,23650,23652,23654,23656,23658,23660,23662,23664],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23633,12558],{"class":50},[44,23635,55],{"class":54},[44,23637,59],{"class":58},[44,23639,236],{"class":235},[44,23641,7041],{"class":239},[44,23643,236],{"class":235},[44,23645,2255],{"class":58},[44,23647,247],{"class":235},[44,23649,12575],{"class":239},[44,23651,236],{"class":235},[44,23653,66],{"class":58},[44,23655,247],{"class":235},[44,23657,8669],{"class":239},[44,23659,236],{"class":235},[44,23661,2255],{"class":58},[44,23663,8676],{"class":62},[44,23665,77],{"class":58},[44,23667,23668],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,23669,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,23671,23672,23674,23676,23678,23680,23682],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,23673,100],{"class":99},[44,23675,103],{"class":58},[44,23677,16657],{"class":89},[44,23679,86],{"class":58},[44,23681,16273],{"class":89},[44,23683,6566],{"class":58},[44,23685,23686],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,23687,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,23689,23690,23692,23694,23696,23698,23700,23702,23704,23706,23708],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,23691,16657],{"class":50},[44,23693,3270],{"class":58},[44,23695,236],{"class":235},[44,23697,9777],{"class":239},[44,23699,236],{"class":235},[44,23701,12627],{"class":58},[44,23703,12630],{"class":54},[44,23705,247],{"class":235},[44,23707,9784],{"class":239},[44,23709,2727],{"class":235},[44,23711,23712,23714,23716,23718,23720,23722],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,23713,100],{"class":99},[44,23715,103],{"class":58},[44,23717,16657],{"class":89},[44,23719,86],{"class":58},[44,23721,16273],{"class":89},[44,23723,6566],{"class":58},[20,23725,23726],{},[30,23727,111],{},[35,23729,23731],{"className":37,"code":23730,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,23732,23733,23755],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23734,23735,23737,23739,23741,23743,23745,23747,23749,23751,23753],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23736,16364],{"class":89},[44,23738,2357],{"class":58},[44,23740,1018],{"class":235},[44,23742,7041],{"class":239},[44,23744,1018],{"class":235},[44,23746,66],{"class":58},[44,23748,1012],{"class":235},[44,23750,8669],{"class":239},[44,23752,1018],{"class":235},[44,23754,3258],{"class":58},[44,23756,23757,23759,23761,23763,23765,23767,23769,23771,23773,23775,23777,23779,23781,23783],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,23758,16364],{"class":89},[44,23760,2357],{"class":58},[44,23762,1018],{"class":235},[44,23764,7041],{"class":239},[44,23766,1018],{"class":235},[44,23768,66],{"class":58},[44,23770,1012],{"class":235},[44,23772,8669],{"class":239},[44,23774,1018],{"class":235},[44,23776,66],{"class":58},[44,23778,1012],{"class":235},[44,23780,9777],{"class":239},[44,23782,1018],{"class":235},[44,23784,3258],{"class":58},[20,23786,23787],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[131,23789,5157],{"id":5156},[20,23791,23792],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[35,23794,23796],{"className":37,"code":23795,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,23797,23798,23850,23854,23868],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23799,23800,23802,23804,23806,23808,23810,23812,23814,23816,23818,23820,23822,23824,23826,23828,23830,23832,23834,23836,23838,23840,23842,23844,23846,23848],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23801,8536],{"class":50},[44,23803,55],{"class":54},[44,23805,59],{"class":58},[44,23807,236],{"class":235},[44,23809,7041],{"class":239},[44,23811,236],{"class":235},[44,23813,2255],{"class":58},[44,23815,247],{"class":235},[44,23817,12237],{"class":239},[44,23819,236],{"class":235},[44,23821,66],{"class":58},[44,23823,247],{"class":235},[44,23825,8669],{"class":239},[44,23827,236],{"class":235},[44,23829,2255],{"class":58},[44,23831,7163],{"class":62},[44,23833,66],{"class":58},[44,23835,247],{"class":235},[44,23837,19239],{"class":239},[44,23839,236],{"class":235},[44,23841,2255],{"class":58},[44,23843,247],{"class":235},[44,23845,21592],{"class":239},[44,23847,236],{"class":235},[44,23849,77],{"class":58},[44,23851,23852],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,23853,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,23855,23856,23858,23860,23862,23864,23866],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,23857,100],{"class":99},[44,23859,103],{"class":58},[44,23861,8575],{"class":89},[44,23863,86],{"class":58},[44,23865,16273],{"class":89},[44,23867,6566],{"class":58},[44,23869,23870,23872,23874,23876,23878,23880,23882,23884],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,23871,100],{"class":99},[44,23873,103],{"class":58},[44,23875,7467],{"class":121},[44,23877,103],{"class":58},[44,23879,8575],{"class":89},[44,23881,86],{"class":58},[44,23883,16273],{"class":89},[44,23885,5660],{"class":58},[20,23887,23888],{},[30,23889,111],{},[35,23891,23893],{"className":37,"code":23892,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,23894,23895,23925],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23896,23897,23899,23901,23903,23905,23907,23909,23911,23913,23915,23917,23919,23921,23923],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23898,16364],{"class":89},[44,23900,2357],{"class":58},[44,23902,1018],{"class":235},[44,23904,7041],{"class":239},[44,23906,1018],{"class":235},[44,23908,66],{"class":58},[44,23910,1012],{"class":235},[44,23912,8669],{"class":239},[44,23914,1018],{"class":235},[44,23916,66],{"class":58},[44,23918,1012],{"class":235},[44,23920,19239],{"class":239},[44,23922,1018],{"class":235},[44,23924,3258],{"class":58},[44,23926,23927,23929,23931,23933,23935,23937,23939,23941,23943,23945,23947,23949,23951],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,23928,3270],{"class":58},[44,23930,1018],{"class":235},[44,23932,7041],{"class":239},[44,23934,1018],{"class":235},[44,23936,66],{"class":58},[44,23938,1012],{"class":235},[44,23940,8669],{"class":239},[44,23942,1018],{"class":235},[44,23944,66],{"class":58},[44,23946,1012],{"class":235},[44,23948,19239],{"class":239},[44,23950,1018],{"class":235},[44,23952,3006],{"class":58},[20,23954,23955],{},"This shows two things:",[145,23957,23958,23966],{},[148,23959,23960,21323,23963,23965],{},[15,23961,23962],{},"data.keys()",[15,23964,16364],{}," object",[148,23967,23968,23971],{},[15,23969,23970],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,23973,8522,23974,86],{},[167,23975,23976],{"href":8760},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[131,23978,4800],{"id":4799},[20,23980,1530],{},[35,23982,23984],{"className":37,"code":23983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,23985,23986],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23987,23988,23990,23992,23994],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23989,10813],{"class":50},[44,23991,86],{"class":58},[44,23993,16273],{"class":89},[44,23995,93],{"class":58},[20,23997,21148],{},[145,23999,24000,24003,24006],{},[148,24001,24002],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[148,24004,24005],{},"It takes no parameters",[148,24007,24008],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24010,862],{},[35,24012,24014],{"className":37,"code":24013,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24015,24016,24040],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24017,24018,24020,24022,24024,24026,24028,24030,24032,24034,24036,24038],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24019,12220],{"class":50},[44,24021,55],{"class":54},[44,24023,59],{"class":58},[44,24025,236],{"class":235},[44,24027,7041],{"class":239},[44,24029,236],{"class":235},[44,24031,2255],{"class":58},[44,24033,247],{"class":235},[44,24035,12237],{"class":239},[44,24037,236],{"class":235},[44,24039,77],{"class":58},[44,24041,24042,24044,24046,24048,24050,24052],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,24043,100],{"class":99},[44,24045,103],{"class":58},[44,24047,12980],{"class":89},[44,24049,86],{"class":58},[44,24051,16273],{"class":89},[44,24053,6566],{"class":58},[20,24055,24056],{},"Incorrect:",[35,24058,24060],{"className":37,"code":24059,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24061,24062,24086],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24063,24064,24066,24068,24070,24072,24074,24076,24078,24080,24082,24084],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24065,12220],{"class":50},[44,24067,55],{"class":54},[44,24069,59],{"class":58},[44,24071,236],{"class":235},[44,24073,7041],{"class":239},[44,24075,236],{"class":235},[44,24077,2255],{"class":58},[44,24079,247],{"class":235},[44,24081,12237],{"class":239},[44,24083,236],{"class":235},[44,24085,77],{"class":58},[44,24087,24088,24090,24092,24094,24096,24099],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,24089,100],{"class":99},[44,24091,103],{"class":58},[44,24093,12980],{"class":89},[44,24095,86],{"class":58},[44,24097,16273],{"class":24098},"skxfh",[44,24100,108],{"class":58},[20,24102,24103],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[131,24105,596],{"id":595},[20,24107,24108,21323,24110,24112],{},[15,24109,16415],{},[15,24111,16364],{}," object.",[20,24114,24115],{},"This object:",[145,24117,24118,24121,24124,24130],{},[148,24119,24120],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[148,24122,24123],{},"can be used in a loop",[148,24125,24126,24127],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24128,24129],{},"list()",[148,24131,24132],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24134,1578],{},[35,24136,24138],{"className":37,"code":24137,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24139,24140,24181,24185,24200,24204,24214],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24141,24142,24145,24147,24149,24151,24154,24156,24158,24160,24163,24165,24167,24169,24172,24174,24176,24179],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24143,24144],{"class":50},"car ",[44,24146,55],{"class":54},[44,24148,59],{"class":58},[44,24150,236],{"class":235},[44,24152,24153],{"class":239},"brand",[44,24155,236],{"class":235},[44,24157,2255],{"class":58},[44,24159,247],{"class":235},[44,24161,24162],{"class":239},"Toyota",[44,24164,236],{"class":235},[44,24166,66],{"class":58},[44,24168,247],{"class":235},[44,24170,24171],{"class":239},"year",[44,24173,236],{"class":235},[44,24175,2255],{"class":58},[44,24177,24178],{"class":62}," 2020",[44,24180,77],{"class":58},[44,24182,24183],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,24184,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,24186,24187,24189,24191,24194,24196,24198],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,24188,644],{"class":50},[44,24190,55],{"class":54},[44,24192,24193],{"class":50}," car",[44,24195,86],{"class":58},[44,24197,16273],{"class":89},[44,24199,93],{"class":58},[44,24201,24202],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,24203,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,24205,24206,24208,24210,24212],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,24207,100],{"class":99},[44,24209,103],{"class":58},[44,24211,668],{"class":89},[44,24213,108],{"class":58},[44,24215,24216,24218,24220,24222,24224,24226],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,24217,100],{"class":99},[44,24219,103],{"class":58},[44,24221,985],{"class":121},[44,24223,103],{"class":58},[44,24225,668],{"class":89},[44,24227,993],{"class":58},[20,24229,24230],{},[30,24231,111],{},[35,24233,24235],{"className":37,"code":24234,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24236,24237,24259],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24238,24239,24241,24243,24245,24247,24249,24251,24253,24255,24257],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24240,16364],{"class":89},[44,24242,2357],{"class":58},[44,24244,1018],{"class":235},[44,24246,24153],{"class":239},[44,24248,1018],{"class":235},[44,24250,66],{"class":58},[44,24252,1012],{"class":235},[44,24254,24171],{"class":239},[44,24256,1018],{"class":235},[44,24258,3258],{"class":58},[44,24260,24261,24263,24265,24267,24269,24271],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,24262,1005],{"class":54},[44,24264,1009],{"class":1008},[44,24266,1012],{"class":235},[44,24268,16364],{"class":239},[44,24270,1018],{"class":235},[44,24272,1021],{"class":54},[20,24274,24275,24276,24280,24281,86],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[167,24277,10105,24278,1272],{"href":16418},[15,24279,16421],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[167,24282,10105,24283,1272],{"href":16425},[15,24284,16428],{},[131,24286,24288],{"id":24287},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24290,24291],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[35,24293,24295],{"className":37,"code":24294,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24296,24297,24350,24354,24370],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24298,24299,24301,24303,24305,24307,24309,24311,24313,24315,24317,24319,24321,24323,24325,24327,24329,24331,24333,24335,24337,24339,24341,24343,24346,24348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24300,12220],{"class":50},[44,24302,55],{"class":54},[44,24304,59],{"class":58},[44,24306,236],{"class":235},[44,24308,7041],{"class":239},[44,24310,236],{"class":235},[44,24312,2255],{"class":58},[44,24314,247],{"class":235},[44,24316,12237],{"class":239},[44,24318,236],{"class":235},[44,24320,66],{"class":58},[44,24322,247],{"class":235},[44,24324,8669],{"class":239},[44,24326,236],{"class":235},[44,24328,2255],{"class":58},[44,24330,7163],{"class":62},[44,24332,66],{"class":58},[44,24334,247],{"class":235},[44,24336,14682],{"class":239},[44,24338,236],{"class":235},[44,24340,2255],{"class":58},[44,24342,247],{"class":235},[44,24344,24345],{"class":239},"Math",[44,24347,236],{"class":235},[44,24349,77],{"class":58},[44,24351,24352],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,24353,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,24355,24356,24358,24360,24362,24364,24366,24368],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,24357,5328],{"class":3245},[44,24359,17556],{"class":50},[44,24361,3252],{"class":3245},[44,24363,12263],{"class":50},[44,24365,86],{"class":58},[44,24367,16273],{"class":89},[44,24369,20943],{"class":58},[44,24371,24372,24374,24376,24378],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,24373,7442],{"class":99},[44,24375,103],{"class":58},[44,24377,14195],{"class":89},[44,24379,108],{"class":58},[20,24381,24382],{},[30,24383,111],{},[35,24385,24387],{"className":37,"code":24386,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,24388,24389,24394,24399],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24390,24391],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24392,24393],{"class":50},"name\n",[44,24395,24396],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,24397,24398],{"class":50},"age\n",[44,24400,24401],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,24402,24403],{"class":50},"course\n",[20,24405,24406],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[35,24408,24410],{"className":37,"code":24409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,24411,24412,24424],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24413,24414,24416,24418,24420,24422],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24415,5328],{"class":3245},[44,24417,17556],{"class":50},[44,24419,3252],{"class":3245},[44,24421,12263],{"class":50},[44,24423,5764],{"class":58},[44,24425,24426,24428,24430,24432],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,24427,7442],{"class":99},[44,24429,103],{"class":58},[44,24431,14195],{"class":89},[44,24433,108],{"class":58},[20,24435,24436,24437,24440],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,24438,24439],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[131,24442,4331,24444],{"id":24443},"when-to-use-keys",[15,24445,16415],{},[20,24447,1462,24448,9969],{},[15,24449,16415],{},[145,24451,24452,24455,24458],{},[148,24453,24454],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[148,24456,24457],{},"you want to display available fields",[148,24459,24460],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,24462,1578],{},[35,24464,24466],{"className":37,"code":24465,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24467,24468,24521,24525,24540,24557],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24469,24470,24473,24475,24477,24479,24481,24483,24485,24487,24490,24492,24494,24496,24499,24501,24503,24506,24508,24510,24513,24515,24517,24519],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24471,24472],{"class":50},"product ",[44,24474,55],{"class":54},[44,24476,59],{"class":58},[44,24478,236],{"class":235},[44,24480,7041],{"class":239},[44,24482,236],{"class":235},[44,24484,2255],{"class":58},[44,24486,247],{"class":235},[44,24488,24489],{"class":239},"Book",[44,24491,236],{"class":235},[44,24493,66],{"class":58},[44,24495,247],{"class":235},[44,24497,24498],{"class":239},"price",[44,24500,236],{"class":235},[44,24502,2255],{"class":58},[44,24504,24505],{"class":62}," 12.99",[44,24507,66],{"class":58},[44,24509,247],{"class":235},[44,24511,24512],{"class":239},"stock",[44,24514,236],{"class":235},[44,24516,2255],{"class":58},[44,24518,3975],{"class":62},[44,24520,77],{"class":58},[44,24522,24523],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,24524,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,24526,24527,24529,24531,24533,24536,24538],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,24528,100],{"class":99},[44,24530,103],{"class":58},[44,24532,236],{"class":235},[44,24534,24535],{"class":239},"Available fields:",[44,24537,236],{"class":235},[44,24539,108],{"class":58},[44,24541,24542,24544,24546,24548,24551,24553,24555],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,24543,5328],{"class":3245},[44,24545,17556],{"class":50},[44,24547,3252],{"class":3245},[44,24549,24550],{"class":50}," product",[44,24552,86],{"class":58},[44,24554,16273],{"class":89},[44,24556,20943],{"class":58},[44,24558,24559,24561,24563,24565],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,24560,7442],{"class":99},[44,24562,103],{"class":58},[44,24564,14195],{"class":89},[44,24566,108],{"class":58},[20,24568,24569],{},[30,24570,111],{},[35,24572,24574],{"className":37,"code":24573,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,24575,24576,24583,24587,24592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24577,24578,24581],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24579,24580],{"class":50},"Available fields",[44,24582,5764],{"class":58},[44,24584,24585],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,24586,24393],{"class":50},[44,24588,24589],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,24590,24591],{"class":50},"price\n",[44,24593,24594],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,24595,24596],{"class":50},"stock\n",[20,24598,24599],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[35,24601,24603],{"className":37,"code":24602,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,24604,24605,24641,24645],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24606,24607,24609,24611,24613,24615,24617,24619,24621,24623,24625,24627,24629,24631,24633,24635,24637,24639],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24608,24472],{"class":50},[44,24610,55],{"class":54},[44,24612,59],{"class":58},[44,24614,236],{"class":235},[44,24616,7041],{"class":239},[44,24618,236],{"class":235},[44,24620,2255],{"class":58},[44,24622,247],{"class":235},[44,24624,24489],{"class":239},[44,24626,236],{"class":235},[44,24628,66],{"class":58},[44,24630,247],{"class":235},[44,24632,24498],{"class":239},[44,24634,236],{"class":235},[44,24636,2255],{"class":58},[44,24638,24505],{"class":62},[44,24640,77],{"class":58},[44,24642,24643],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,24644,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,24646,24647,24649,24651,24653,24655,24657,24659,24661,24663,24665],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,24648,100],{"class":99},[44,24650,103],{"class":58},[44,24652,236],{"class":235},[44,24654,7041],{"class":239},[44,24656,236],{"class":235},[44,24658,20521],{"class":3245},[44,24660,24550],{"class":89},[44,24662,86],{"class":58},[44,24664,16273],{"class":89},[44,24666,6566],{"class":58},[20,24668,24669,24670,86],{},"This works and returns ",[15,24671,2974],{},[20,24673,24674],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[35,24676,24678],{"className":37,"code":24677,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,24679,24680],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24681,24682,24684,24686,24688,24690,24692,24694,24696],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24683,100],{"class":99},[44,24685,103],{"class":58},[44,24687,236],{"class":235},[44,24689,7041],{"class":239},[44,24691,236],{"class":235},[44,24693,20521],{"class":3245},[44,24695,24550],{"class":89},[44,24697,108],{"class":58},[20,24699,24700,24701,86],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[167,24702,20554],{"href":16503},[131,24704,24706],{"id":24705},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,24708,24709,24710,86],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,24711,16415],{},[347,24713,923,24715,24717],{"id":24714},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,24716,16415],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,24719,24720,24722],{},[15,24721,16415],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,24724,1578],{},[35,24726,24728],{"className":37,"code":24727,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,24729,24730,24766],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24731,24732,24734,24736,24738,24740,24742,24744,24746,24748,24750,24752,24754,24756,24758,24760,24762,24764],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24733,8536],{"class":50},[44,24735,55],{"class":54},[44,24737,59],{"class":58},[44,24739,236],{"class":235},[44,24741,7041],{"class":239},[44,24743,236],{"class":235},[44,24745,2255],{"class":58},[44,24747,247],{"class":235},[44,24749,12237],{"class":239},[44,24751,236],{"class":235},[44,24753,66],{"class":58},[44,24755,247],{"class":235},[44,24757,8669],{"class":239},[44,24759,236],{"class":235},[44,24761,2255],{"class":58},[44,24763,7163],{"class":62},[44,24765,77],{"class":58},[44,24767,24768,24770,24772,24774,24776,24778],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,24769,100],{"class":99},[44,24771,103],{"class":58},[44,24773,8575],{"class":89},[44,24775,86],{"class":58},[44,24777,16273],{"class":89},[44,24779,6566],{"class":58},[20,24781,24782],{},[30,24783,111],{},[35,24785,24787],{"className":37,"code":24786,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,24788,24789],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24790,24791,24793,24795,24797,24799,24801,24803,24805,24807,24809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24792,16364],{"class":89},[44,24794,2357],{"class":58},[44,24796,1018],{"class":235},[44,24798,7041],{"class":239},[44,24800,1018],{"class":235},[44,24802,66],{"class":58},[44,24804,1012],{"class":235},[44,24806,8669],{"class":239},[44,24808,1018],{"class":235},[44,24810,3258],{"class":58},[20,24812,24813,24814,86],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[167,24815,24816],{"href":16425},[15,24817,16428],{},[347,24819,24821,24822],{"id":24820},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,24823,16364],{},[20,24825,24826],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[35,24828,24830],{"className":37,"code":24829,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,24831,24832],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24833,24834,24836,24838,24840,24842,24844,24846,24848,24850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24835,3270],{"class":58},[44,24837,1018],{"class":235},[44,24839,7041],{"class":239},[44,24841,1018],{"class":235},[44,24843,66],{"class":58},[44,24845,1012],{"class":235},[44,24847,8669],{"class":239},[44,24849,1018],{"class":235},[44,24851,3006],{"class":58},[20,24853,24854,24855,24857],{},"But ",[15,24856,16415],{}," returns:",[35,24859,24860],{"className":37,"code":24786,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,24861,24862],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24863,24864,24866,24868,24870,24872,24874,24876,24878,24880,24882],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24865,16364],{"class":89},[44,24867,2357],{"class":58},[44,24869,1018],{"class":235},[44,24871,7041],{"class":239},[44,24873,1018],{"class":235},[44,24875,66],{"class":58},[44,24877,1012],{"class":235},[44,24879,8669],{"class":239},[44,24881,1018],{"class":235},[44,24883,3258],{"class":58},[20,24885,24886],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[35,24888,24890],{"className":37,"code":24889,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,24891,24892,24928,24947,24951],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24893,24894,24896,24898,24900,24902,24904,24906,24908,24910,24912,24914,24916,24918,24920,24922,24924,24926],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24895,8536],{"class":50},[44,24897,55],{"class":54},[44,24899,59],{"class":58},[44,24901,236],{"class":235},[44,24903,7041],{"class":239},[44,24905,236],{"class":235},[44,24907,2255],{"class":58},[44,24909,247],{"class":235},[44,24911,12237],{"class":239},[44,24913,236],{"class":235},[44,24915,66],{"class":58},[44,24917,247],{"class":235},[44,24919,8669],{"class":239},[44,24921,236],{"class":235},[44,24923,2255],{"class":58},[44,24925,7163],{"class":62},[44,24927,77],{"class":58},[44,24929,24930,24933,24935,24937,24939,24941,24943,24945],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,24931,24932],{"class":50},"key_list ",[44,24934,55],{"class":54},[44,24936,21907],{"class":121},[44,24938,103],{"class":58},[44,24940,8575],{"class":89},[44,24942,86],{"class":58},[44,24944,16273],{"class":89},[44,24946,6566],{"class":58},[44,24948,24949],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,24950,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,24952,24953,24955,24957,24960],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,24954,100],{"class":99},[44,24956,103],{"class":58},[44,24958,24959],{"class":89},"key_list",[44,24961,108],{"class":58},[347,24963,24965,24966,24968],{"id":24964},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,24967,16415],{}," on a list or string",[20,24970,24971,24973],{},[15,24972,16415],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,24975,2207],{},[35,24977,24979],{"className":37,"code":24978,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,24980,24981,25001],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24982,24983,24985,24987,24989,24991,24993,24995,24997,24999],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24984,51],{"class":50},[44,24986,55],{"class":54},[44,24988,2993],{"class":58},[44,24990,63],{"class":62},[44,24992,66],{"class":58},[44,24994,69],{"class":62},[44,24996,66],{"class":58},[44,24998,74],{"class":62},[44,25000,3006],{"class":58},[44,25002,25003,25005,25007,25009,25011,25013],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,25004,100],{"class":99},[44,25006,103],{"class":58},[44,25008,83],{"class":89},[44,25010,86],{"class":58},[44,25012,16273],{"class":89},[44,25014,6566],{"class":58},[20,25016,25017,25018,25021,25022,25024,25025,86],{},"You may get an ",[15,25019,25020],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25023,16415],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[167,25026,25028,25029,25032],{"href":25027},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25030,25031],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[347,25034,25036],{"id":25035},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25038,961],{},[35,25040,25042],{"className":37,"code":25041,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25043,25044,25068],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25045,25046,25048,25050,25052,25054,25056,25058,25060,25062,25064,25066],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25047,8536],{"class":50},[44,25049,55],{"class":54},[44,25051,59],{"class":58},[44,25053,236],{"class":235},[44,25055,7041],{"class":239},[44,25057,236],{"class":235},[44,25059,2255],{"class":58},[44,25061,247],{"class":235},[44,25063,12237],{"class":239},[44,25065,236],{"class":235},[44,25067,77],{"class":58},[44,25069,25070,25072,25074,25076,25078,25080],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,25071,100],{"class":99},[44,25073,103],{"class":58},[44,25075,8575],{"class":89},[44,25077,86],{"class":58},[44,25079,16273],{"class":24098},[44,25081,108],{"class":58},[20,25083,25084],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25086,18042],{},[35,25088,25090],{"className":37,"code":25089,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25091,25092],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25093,25094,25096,25098,25100,25102,25104],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25095,100],{"class":99},[44,25097,103],{"class":58},[44,25099,8575],{"class":89},[44,25101,86],{"class":58},[44,25103,16273],{"class":89},[44,25105,6566],{"class":58},[131,25107,2200],{"id":2199},[20,25109,25110,25111,2255],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25112,16415],{},[145,25114,25115,25120,25126,25132],{},[148,25116,350,25117,25119],{},[15,25118,16415],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[148,25121,25122,25123,25125],{},"Thinking ",[15,25124,16415],{}," returns values too",[148,25127,25128,25129,25131],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25130,16364],{}," like a normal list",[148,25133,25134,25135,25137],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25136,16364],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25139,25140],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[35,25142,25144],{"className":37,"code":25143,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25145,25146,25178,25192,25196,25206],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25147,25148,25150,25152,25154,25156,25158,25160,25162,25164,25166,25168,25170,25172,25174,25176],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25149,8536],{"class":50},[44,25151,55],{"class":54},[44,25153,59],{"class":58},[44,25155,236],{"class":235},[44,25157,167],{"class":239},[44,25159,236],{"class":235},[44,25161,2255],{"class":58},[44,25163,4867],{"class":62},[44,25165,66],{"class":58},[44,25167,247],{"class":235},[44,25169,1164],{"class":239},[44,25171,236],{"class":235},[44,25173,2255],{"class":58},[44,25175,69],{"class":62},[44,25177,77],{"class":58},[44,25179,25180,25182,25184,25186,25188,25190],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,25181,16592],{"class":50},[44,25183,55],{"class":54},[44,25185,13920],{"class":50},[44,25187,86],{"class":58},[44,25189,16273],{"class":89},[44,25191,93],{"class":58},[44,25193,25194],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,25195,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,25197,25198,25200,25202,25204],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,25199,100],{"class":99},[44,25201,103],{"class":58},[44,25203,16273],{"class":89},[44,25205,108],{"class":58},[44,25207,25208],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,25209,25210],{"class":3035},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25212,25213],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[35,25215,25217],{"className":37,"code":25216,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25218,25219,25251,25269,25273],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25220,25221,25223,25225,25227,25229,25231,25233,25235,25237,25239,25241,25243,25245,25247,25249],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25222,8536],{"class":50},[44,25224,55],{"class":54},[44,25226,59],{"class":58},[44,25228,236],{"class":235},[44,25230,167],{"class":239},[44,25232,236],{"class":235},[44,25234,2255],{"class":58},[44,25236,4867],{"class":62},[44,25238,66],{"class":58},[44,25240,247],{"class":235},[44,25242,1164],{"class":239},[44,25244,236],{"class":235},[44,25246,2255],{"class":58},[44,25248,69],{"class":62},[44,25250,77],{"class":58},[44,25252,25253,25255,25257,25259,25261,25263,25265,25267],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,25254,16592],{"class":50},[44,25256,55],{"class":54},[44,25258,21907],{"class":121},[44,25260,103],{"class":58},[44,25262,8575],{"class":89},[44,25264,86],{"class":58},[44,25266,16273],{"class":89},[44,25268,6566],{"class":58},[44,25270,25271],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,25272,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,25274,25275,25277,25279,25281,25283,25285],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,25276,100],{"class":99},[44,25278,103],{"class":58},[44,25280,16273],{"class":89},[44,25282,3270],{"class":58},[44,25284,1490],{"class":62},[44,25286,3258],{"class":58},[131,25288,25290],{"id":25289},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,25292,10480],{},[35,25294,25296],{"className":37,"code":25295,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25297,25298,25312,25322,25336],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25299,25300,25302,25304,25306,25308,25310],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25301,100],{"class":99},[44,25303,103],{"class":58},[44,25305,985],{"class":121},[44,25307,103],{"class":58},[44,25309,10813],{"class":89},[44,25311,993],{"class":58},[44,25313,25314,25316,25318,25320],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,25315,100],{"class":99},[44,25317,103],{"class":58},[44,25319,10813],{"class":89},[44,25321,108],{"class":58},[44,25323,25324,25326,25328,25330,25332,25334],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,25325,100],{"class":99},[44,25327,103],{"class":58},[44,25329,10813],{"class":89},[44,25331,86],{"class":58},[44,25333,16273],{"class":89},[44,25335,6566],{"class":58},[44,25337,25338,25340,25342,25344,25346,25348,25350,25352],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,25339,100],{"class":99},[44,25341,103],{"class":58},[44,25343,7467],{"class":121},[44,25345,103],{"class":58},[44,25347,10813],{"class":89},[44,25349,86],{"class":58},[44,25351,16273],{"class":89},[44,25353,5660],{"class":58},[20,25355,25356],{},"These help you confirm:",[145,25358,25359,25362,25365,25370],{},[148,25360,25361],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[148,25363,25364],{},"what data it contains",[148,25366,25367,25368,11065],{},"what ",[15,25369,16415],{},[148,25371,25372],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[131,25374,1196],{"id":1195},[347,25376,23266,25378,1203],{"id":25377},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,25379,16415],{},[20,25381,16770,25382,25384],{},[15,25383,16364],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[347,25386,14257,25388,25391],{"id":25387},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,25389,25390],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,25393,25394,25395,25397,25398,86],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,25396,16364],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,25399,25400],{},"list(dict.keys())",[347,25402,25404,25405,1239],{"id":25403},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,25406,25390],{},[20,25408,25409,25410,25412],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,25411,5328],{}," loop.",[347,25414,25416,25417,25419],{"id":25415},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,25418,16415],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,25421,25422,25423,25425],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,25424,16415],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[347,25427,25429],{"id":25428},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,25431,1462,25432,86],{},[15,25433,25434],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[131,25436,1251],{"id":1250},[145,25438,25439,25444,25450,25456,25462,25466],{},[148,25440,25441],{},[167,25442,25443],{"href":8760},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[148,25445,25446],{},[167,25447,10105,25448,1272],{"href":16418},[15,25449,16421],{},[148,25451,25452],{},[167,25453,10105,25454,1272],{"href":16425},[15,25455,16428],{},[148,25457,25458],{},[167,25459,25461],{"href":25460},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[148,25463,25464],{},[167,25465,16504],{"href":16503},[148,25467,25468],{},[167,25469,25470,25471,25032],{"href":25027},"How to fix ",[15,25472,25031],{},[1294,25474,25475],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":25477},[25478,25479,25481,25482,25483,25484,25485,25487,25496,25497,25498,25509],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":23597,"depth":80,"text":25480},"What keys() does",{"id":5156,"depth":80,"text":5157},{"id":4799,"depth":80,"text":4800},{"id":595,"depth":80,"text":596},{"id":24287,"depth":80,"text":24288},{"id":24443,"depth":80,"text":25486},"When to use keys()",{"id":24705,"depth":80,"text":24706,"children":25488},[25489,25491,25493,25495],{"id":24714,"depth":96,"text":25490},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":24820,"depth":96,"text":25492},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":24964,"depth":96,"text":25494},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25035,"depth":96,"text":25036},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200},{"id":25289,"depth":80,"text":25290},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":25499},[25500,25502,25504,25506,25508],{"id":25377,"depth":96,"text":25501},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25387,"depth":96,"text":25503},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25403,"depth":96,"text":25505},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25415,"depth":96,"text":25507},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25428,"depth":96,"text":25429},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23419,"description":25510},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":25516,"title":25517,"body":25518,"description":27791,"extension":1331,"meta":27792,"navigation":268,"path":27793,"seo":27794,"stem":27795,"__hash__":27796},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":25519,"toc":27744},[25520,25525,25530,25533,25535,25681,25694,25699,25703,25717,25719,25822,25831,25833,25836,25874,25899,25901,26008,26010,26017,26020,26028,26030,26171,26179,26184,26188,26199,26201,26363,26366,26374,26381,26387,26484,26490,26567,26570,26582,26587,26593,26596,26600,26689,26692,26696,26800,26807,26894,26903,26905,26910,26916,26919,26965,26968,27034,27043,27049,27142,27148,27154,27197,27200,27265,27271,27363,27366,27370,27376,27401,27404,27500,27507,27509,27514,27605,27607,27635,27640,27642,27649,27652,27656,27666,27671,27674,27681,27691,27698,27706,27708,27741],[10,25521,10686,25523,18],{"id":25522},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,25524,951],{},[20,25526,25527,25529],{},[15,25528,11928],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,25531,25532],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[131,25534,2979],{"id":2978},[35,25536,25538],{"className":37,"code":25537,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,25539,25540,25576,25600,25614,25627,25631,25636,25668],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25541,25542,25544,25546,25548,25550,25552,25554,25556,25558,25560,25562,25564,25566,25568,25570,25572,25574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25543,12558],{"class":50},[44,25545,55],{"class":54},[44,25547,59],{"class":58},[44,25549,236],{"class":235},[44,25551,7041],{"class":239},[44,25553,236],{"class":235},[44,25555,2255],{"class":58},[44,25557,247],{"class":235},[44,25559,12237],{"class":239},[44,25561,236],{"class":235},[44,25563,66],{"class":58},[44,25565,247],{"class":235},[44,25567,8669],{"class":239},[44,25569,236],{"class":235},[44,25571,2255],{"class":58},[44,25573,8676],{"class":62},[44,25575,77],{"class":58},[44,25577,25578,25581,25583,25585,25587,25590,25592,25594,25596,25598],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,25579,25580],{"class":50},"removed_age ",[44,25582,55],{"class":54},[44,25584,12601],{"class":50},[44,25586,86],{"class":58},[44,25588,25589],{"class":89},"pop",[44,25591,103],{"class":58},[44,25593,236],{"class":235},[44,25595,8669],{"class":239},[44,25597,236],{"class":235},[44,25599,108],{"class":58},[44,25601,25602,25604,25606,25609,25611],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,25603,100],{"class":99},[44,25605,103],{"class":58},[44,25607,25608],{"class":89},"removed_age",[44,25610,3032],{"class":58},[44,25612,25613],{"class":3035},"   # 25\n",[44,25615,25616,25618,25620,25622,25624],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,25617,100],{"class":99},[44,25619,103],{"class":58},[44,25621,16657],{"class":89},[44,25623,3032],{"class":58},[44,25625,25626],{"class":3035},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[44,25628,25629],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,25630,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,25632,25633],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,25634,25635],{"class":3035},"# Safe version with default value\n",[44,25637,25638,25641,25643,25645,25647,25649,25651,25653,25655,25657,25659,25661,25664,25666],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,25639,25640],{"class":50},"country ",[44,25642,55],{"class":54},[44,25644,12601],{"class":50},[44,25646,86],{"class":58},[44,25648,25589],{"class":89},[44,25650,103],{"class":58},[44,25652,236],{"class":235},[44,25654,14615],{"class":239},[44,25656,236],{"class":235},[44,25658,66],{"class":58},[44,25660,247],{"class":235},[44,25662,25663],{"class":239},"Not found",[44,25665,236],{"class":235},[44,25667,108],{"class":58},[44,25669,25670,25672,25674,25676,25678],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,25671,100],{"class":99},[44,25673,103],{"class":58},[44,25675,14615],{"class":89},[44,25677,3032],{"class":58},[44,25679,25680],{"class":3035},"       # Not found\n",[20,25682,1462,25683,25686,25687,25690,25691,25693],{},[15,25684,25685],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,25688,25689],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,25692,19035],{}," when the key might not exist.",[131,25695,134,25697,137],{"id":25696},"what-dictpop-does",[15,25698,11928],{},[20,25700,25701,2255],{},[15,25702,11928],{},[145,25704,25705,25708,25711,25714],{},[148,25706,25707],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[148,25709,25710],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[148,25712,25713],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[148,25715,25716],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,25718,1578],{},[35,25720,25722],{"className":37,"code":25721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,25723,25724,25764,25768,25791,25795,25809],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25725,25726,25728,25730,25732,25734,25736,25738,25740,25742,25744,25746,25748,25750,25752,25754,25756,25758,25760,25762],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25727,10849],{"class":50},[44,25729,55],{"class":54},[44,25731,59],{"class":58},[44,25733,236],{"class":235},[44,25735,7041],{"class":239},[44,25737,236],{"class":235},[44,25739,2255],{"class":58},[44,25741,247],{"class":235},[44,25743,12575],{"class":239},[44,25745,236],{"class":235},[44,25747,66],{"class":58},[44,25749,247],{"class":235},[44,25751,9777],{"class":239},[44,25753,236],{"class":235},[44,25755,2255],{"class":58},[44,25757,247],{"class":235},[44,25759,9784],{"class":239},[44,25761,236],{"class":235},[44,25763,77],{"class":58},[44,25765,25766],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,25767,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,25769,25770,25773,25775,25777,25779,25781,25783,25785,25787,25789],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,25771,25772],{"class":50},"removed_city ",[44,25774,55],{"class":54},[44,25776,10932],{"class":50},[44,25778,86],{"class":58},[44,25780,25589],{"class":89},[44,25782,103],{"class":58},[44,25784,236],{"class":235},[44,25786,9777],{"class":239},[44,25788,236],{"class":235},[44,25790,108],{"class":58},[44,25792,25793],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,25794,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,25796,25797,25799,25801,25804,25806],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,25798,100],{"class":99},[44,25800,103],{"class":58},[44,25802,25803],{"class":89},"removed_city",[44,25805,3032],{"class":58},[44,25807,25808],{"class":3035},"  # Paris\n",[44,25810,25811,25813,25815,25817,25819],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,25812,100],{"class":99},[44,25814,103],{"class":58},[44,25816,10943],{"class":89},[44,25818,3032],{"class":58},[44,25820,25821],{"class":3035},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,25823,565,25824,25827,25828,86],{},[15,25825,25826],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,25829,25830],{},"\"Paris\"",[131,25832,175],{"id":174},[20,25834,25835],{},"There are two common forms:",[35,25837,25839],{"className":37,"code":25838,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,25840,25841,25855],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25842,25843,25845,25847,25849,25851,25853],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25844,10813],{"class":50},[44,25846,86],{"class":58},[44,25848,25589],{"class":89},[44,25850,103],{"class":58},[44,25852,14195],{"class":89},[44,25854,108],{"class":58},[44,25856,25857,25859,25861,25863,25865,25867,25869,25872],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,25858,10813],{"class":50},[44,25860,86],{"class":58},[44,25862,25589],{"class":89},[44,25864,103],{"class":58},[44,25866,14195],{"class":89},[44,25868,66],{"class":58},[44,25870,25871],{"class":89}," default",[44,25873,108],{"class":58},[145,25875,25876,25882,25890,25896],{},[148,25877,25878,25881],{},[15,25879,25880],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[148,25883,25884,25886,25887,25889],{},[15,25885,25880],{}," raises ",[15,25888,19035],{}," if the key is missing",[148,25891,25892,25895],{},[15,25893,25894],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[148,25897,25898],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,25900,1578],{},[35,25902,25904],{"className":37,"code":25903,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,25905,25906,25938,25942,25967,25995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25907,25908,25910,25912,25914,25916,25918,25920,25922,25924,25926,25928,25930,25932,25934,25936],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25909,4434],{"class":50},[44,25911,55],{"class":54},[44,25913,59],{"class":58},[44,25915,236],{"class":235},[44,25917,17764],{"class":239},[44,25919,236],{"class":235},[44,25921,2255],{"class":58},[44,25923,19246],{"class":62},[44,25925,66],{"class":58},[44,25927,247],{"class":235},[44,25929,17773],{"class":239},[44,25931,236],{"class":235},[44,25933,2255],{"class":58},[44,25935,12861],{"class":62},[44,25937,77],{"class":58},[44,25939,25940],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,25941,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,25943,25944,25946,25948,25950,25952,25954,25956,25958,25960,25962,25964],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,25945,100],{"class":99},[44,25947,103],{"class":58},[44,25949,15740],{"class":89},[44,25951,86],{"class":58},[44,25953,25589],{"class":89},[44,25955,103],{"class":58},[44,25957,236],{"class":235},[44,25959,17764],{"class":239},[44,25961,236],{"class":235},[44,25963,4730],{"class":58},[44,25965,25966],{"class":3035},"         # 90\n",[44,25968,25969,25971,25973,25975,25977,25979,25981,25983,25985,25987,25989,25991,25993],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,25970,100],{"class":99},[44,25972,103],{"class":58},[44,25974,15740],{"class":89},[44,25976,86],{"class":58},[44,25978,25589],{"class":89},[44,25980,103],{"class":58},[44,25982,236],{"class":235},[44,25984,17782],{"class":239},[44,25986,236],{"class":235},[44,25988,66],{"class":58},[44,25990,3202],{"class":62},[44,25992,4730],{"class":58},[44,25994,20116],{"class":3035},[44,25996,25997,25999,26001,26003,26005],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,25998,100],{"class":99},[44,26000,103],{"class":58},[44,26002,15740],{"class":89},[44,26004,3032],{"class":58},[44,26006,26007],{"class":3035},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[131,26009,596],{"id":595},[20,26011,26012,601,26014,26016],{},[15,26013,951],{},[30,26015,604],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26018,26019],{},"Instead, it returns:",[145,26021,26022,26025],{},[148,26023,26024],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[148,26026,26027],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26029,1578],{},[35,26031,26033],{"className":37,"code":26032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26034,26035,26067,26071,26094,26126,26130,26144,26158],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26036,26037,26039,26041,26043,26045,26047,26049,26051,26053,26055,26057,26059,26061,26063,26065],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26038,8536],{"class":50},[44,26040,55],{"class":54},[44,26042,59],{"class":58},[44,26044,236],{"class":235},[44,26046,167],{"class":239},[44,26048,236],{"class":235},[44,26050,2255],{"class":58},[44,26052,5375],{"class":62},[44,26054,66],{"class":58},[44,26056,247],{"class":235},[44,26058,1164],{"class":239},[44,26060,236],{"class":235},[44,26062,2255],{"class":58},[44,26064,7163],{"class":62},[44,26066,77],{"class":58},[44,26068,26069],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,26070,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,26072,26073,26076,26078,26080,26082,26084,26086,26088,26090,26092],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,26074,26075],{"class":50},"result1 ",[44,26077,55],{"class":54},[44,26079,13920],{"class":50},[44,26081,86],{"class":58},[44,26083,25589],{"class":89},[44,26085,103],{"class":58},[44,26087,236],{"class":235},[44,26089,167],{"class":239},[44,26091,236],{"class":235},[44,26093,108],{"class":58},[44,26095,26096,26099,26101,26103,26105,26107,26109,26111,26113,26115,26117,26119,26122,26124],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,26097,26098],{"class":50},"result2 ",[44,26100,55],{"class":54},[44,26102,13920],{"class":50},[44,26104,86],{"class":58},[44,26106,25589],{"class":89},[44,26108,103],{"class":58},[44,26110,236],{"class":235},[44,26112,9109],{"class":239},[44,26114,236],{"class":235},[44,26116,66],{"class":58},[44,26118,247],{"class":235},[44,26120,26121],{"class":239},"missing",[44,26123,236],{"class":235},[44,26125,108],{"class":58},[44,26127,26128],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,26129,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,26131,26132,26134,26136,26139,26141],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,26133,100],{"class":99},[44,26135,103],{"class":58},[44,26137,26138],{"class":89},"result1",[44,26140,3032],{"class":58},[44,26142,26143],{"class":3035},"  # 10\n",[44,26145,26146,26148,26150,26153,26155],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,26147,100],{"class":99},[44,26149,103],{"class":58},[44,26151,26152],{"class":89},"result2",[44,26154,3032],{"class":58},[44,26156,26157],{"class":3035},"  # missing\n",[44,26159,26160,26162,26164,26166,26168],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,26161,100],{"class":99},[44,26163,103],{"class":58},[44,26165,8575],{"class":89},[44,26167,3032],{"class":58},[44,26169,26170],{"class":3035},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26172,26173,26174,6002],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[167,26175,26176],{"href":10104},[15,26177,26178],{},"dict.get()",[131,26180,4331,26182],{"id":26181},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26183,951],{},[20,26185,1462,26186,9969],{},[15,26187,951],{},[145,26189,26190,26193,26196],{},[148,26191,26192],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[148,26194,26195],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[148,26197,26198],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26200,1578],{},[35,26202,26204],{"className":37,"code":26203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26205,26206,26258,26262,26289,26293,26317,26321,26335,26349],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26207,26208,26210,26212,26214,26216,26218,26220,26222,26224,26227,26229,26231,26233,26235,26237,26239,26242,26244,26246,26249,26251,26253,26256],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26209,24472],{"class":50},[44,26211,55],{"class":54},[44,26213,59],{"class":58},[44,26215,236],{"class":235},[44,26217,7041],{"class":239},[44,26219,236],{"class":235},[44,26221,2255],{"class":58},[44,26223,247],{"class":235},[44,26225,26226],{"class":239},"Laptop",[44,26228,236],{"class":235},[44,26230,66],{"class":58},[44,26232,247],{"class":235},[44,26234,24498],{"class":239},[44,26236,236],{"class":235},[44,26238,2255],{"class":58},[44,26240,26241],{"class":62}," 1200",[44,26243,66],{"class":58},[44,26245,247],{"class":235},[44,26247,26248],{"class":239},"discount",[44,26250,236],{"class":235},[44,26252,2255],{"class":58},[44,26254,26255],{"class":62}," 200",[44,26257,77],{"class":58},[44,26259,26260],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,26261,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,26263,26264,26267,26269,26271,26273,26275,26277,26279,26281,26283,26285,26287],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,26265,26266],{"class":50},"discount_amount ",[44,26268,55],{"class":54},[44,26270,24550],{"class":50},[44,26272,86],{"class":58},[44,26274,25589],{"class":89},[44,26276,103],{"class":58},[44,26278,236],{"class":235},[44,26280,26248],{"class":239},[44,26282,236],{"class":235},[44,26284,66],{"class":58},[44,26286,3202],{"class":62},[44,26288,108],{"class":58},[44,26290,26291],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,26292,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,26294,26295,26298,26300,26302,26304,26306,26308,26310,26312,26314],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,26296,26297],{"class":50},"final_price ",[44,26299,55],{"class":54},[44,26301,24550],{"class":50},[44,26303,3270],{"class":58},[44,26305,236],{"class":235},[44,26307,24498],{"class":239},[44,26309,236],{"class":235},[44,26311,12627],{"class":58},[44,26313,1593],{"class":54},[44,26315,26316],{"class":50}," discount_amount\n",[44,26318,26319],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,26320,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,26322,26323,26325,26327,26330,26332],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,26324,100],{"class":99},[44,26326,103],{"class":58},[44,26328,26329],{"class":89},"discount_amount",[44,26331,3032],{"class":58},[44,26333,26334],{"class":3035},"  # 200\n",[44,26336,26337,26339,26341,26344,26346],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,26338,100],{"class":99},[44,26340,103],{"class":58},[44,26342,26343],{"class":89},"final_price",[44,26345,3032],{"class":58},[44,26347,26348],{"class":3035},"      # 1000\n",[44,26350,26351,26353,26355,26358,26360],{"class":46,"line":5802},[44,26352,100],{"class":99},[44,26354,103],{"class":58},[44,26356,26357],{"class":89},"product",[44,26359,3032],{"class":58},[44,26361,26362],{"class":3035},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,26364,26365],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[131,26367,26369,9953,26371],{"id":26368},"pop-vs-del",[15,26370,951],{},[15,26372,26373],{},"del",[20,26375,9958,26376,342,26378,26380],{},[15,26377,951],{},[15,26379,26373],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[347,26382,1462,26384,26386],{"id":26383},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,26385,951],{}," when you need the removed value",[35,26388,26390],{"className":37,"code":26389,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26391,26392,26428,26432,26454,26458,26471],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26393,26394,26396,26398,26400,26402,26404,26406,26408,26410,26412,26414,26416,26418,26420,26422,26424,26426],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26395,12558],{"class":50},[44,26397,55],{"class":54},[44,26399,59],{"class":58},[44,26401,236],{"class":235},[44,26403,7041],{"class":239},[44,26405,236],{"class":235},[44,26407,2255],{"class":58},[44,26409,247],{"class":235},[44,26411,12237],{"class":239},[44,26413,236],{"class":235},[44,26415,66],{"class":58},[44,26417,247],{"class":235},[44,26419,8669],{"class":239},[44,26421,236],{"class":235},[44,26423,2255],{"class":58},[44,26425,8676],{"class":62},[44,26427,77],{"class":58},[44,26429,26430],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,26431,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,26433,26434,26436,26438,26440,26442,26444,26446,26448,26450,26452],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,26435,20976],{"class":50},[44,26437,55],{"class":54},[44,26439,12601],{"class":50},[44,26441,86],{"class":58},[44,26443,25589],{"class":89},[44,26445,103],{"class":58},[44,26447,236],{"class":235},[44,26449,8669],{"class":239},[44,26451,236],{"class":235},[44,26453,108],{"class":58},[44,26455,26456],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,26457,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,26459,26460,26462,26464,26466,26468],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,26461,100],{"class":99},[44,26463,103],{"class":58},[44,26465,8669],{"class":89},[44,26467,3032],{"class":58},[44,26469,26470],{"class":3035},"     # 25\n",[44,26472,26473,26475,26477,26479,26481],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,26474,100],{"class":99},[44,26476,103],{"class":58},[44,26478,16657],{"class":89},[44,26480,3032],{"class":58},[44,26482,26483],{"class":3035},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[347,26485,1462,26487,26489],{"id":26486},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,26488,26373],{}," when you only want deletion",[35,26491,26493],{"className":37,"code":26492,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26494,26495,26531,26535,26551,26555],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26496,26497,26499,26501,26503,26505,26507,26509,26511,26513,26515,26517,26519,26521,26523,26525,26527,26529],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26498,12558],{"class":50},[44,26500,55],{"class":54},[44,26502,59],{"class":58},[44,26504,236],{"class":235},[44,26506,7041],{"class":239},[44,26508,236],{"class":235},[44,26510,2255],{"class":58},[44,26512,247],{"class":235},[44,26514,12237],{"class":239},[44,26516,236],{"class":235},[44,26518,66],{"class":58},[44,26520,247],{"class":235},[44,26522,8669],{"class":239},[44,26524,236],{"class":235},[44,26526,2255],{"class":58},[44,26528,8676],{"class":62},[44,26530,77],{"class":58},[44,26532,26533],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,26534,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,26536,26537,26539,26541,26543,26545,26547,26549],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,26538,26373],{"class":3245},[44,26540,12601],{"class":50},[44,26542,3270],{"class":58},[44,26544,236],{"class":235},[44,26546,8669],{"class":239},[44,26548,236],{"class":235},[44,26550,3006],{"class":58},[44,26552,26553],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,26554,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,26556,26557,26559,26561,26563,26565],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,26558,100],{"class":99},[44,26560,103],{"class":58},[44,26562,16657],{"class":89},[44,26564,3032],{"class":58},[44,26566,26483],{"class":3035},[20,26568,26569],{},"Difference:",[145,26571,26572,26577],{},[148,26573,26574,26576],{},[15,26575,951],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[148,26578,26579,26581],{},[15,26580,26373],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,26583,26584,26585,86],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[167,26586,11933],{"href":11932},[131,26588,26590,26591],{"id":26589},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,26592,19035],{},[20,26594,26595],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[347,26597,26599],{"id":26598},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[35,26601,26603],{"className":37,"code":26602,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,26604,26605,26630,26634,26660,26664,26676],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26606,26607,26609,26611,26613,26615,26617,26619,26621,26623,26626,26628],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26608,11084],{"class":50},[44,26610,55],{"class":54},[44,26612,59],{"class":58},[44,26614,236],{"class":235},[44,26616,7041],{"class":239},[44,26618,236],{"class":235},[44,26620,2255],{"class":58},[44,26622,247],{"class":235},[44,26624,26625],{"class":239},"Sara",[44,26627,236],{"class":235},[44,26629,77],{"class":58},[44,26631,26632],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,26633,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,26635,26636,26638,26640,26642,26644,26646,26648,26650,26652,26654,26656,26658],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,26637,1817],{"class":50},[44,26639,55],{"class":54},[44,26641,11125],{"class":50},[44,26643,86],{"class":58},[44,26645,25589],{"class":89},[44,26647,103],{"class":58},[44,26649,236],{"class":235},[44,26651,8669],{"class":239},[44,26653,236],{"class":235},[44,26655,66],{"class":58},[44,26657,3221],{"class":692},[44,26659,108],{"class":58},[44,26661,26662],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,26663,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,26665,26666,26668,26670,26672,26674],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,26667,100],{"class":99},[44,26669,103],{"class":58},[44,26671,1843],{"class":89},[44,26673,3032],{"class":58},[44,26675,19909],{"class":3035},[44,26677,26678,26680,26682,26684,26686],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,26679,100],{"class":99},[44,26681,103],{"class":58},[44,26683,10813],{"class":89},[44,26685,3032],{"class":58},[44,26687,26688],{"class":3035}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,26690,26691],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[347,26693,26695],{"id":26694},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[35,26697,26699],{"className":37,"code":26698,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,26700,26701,26725,26729,26745,26768,26778,26785],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26702,26703,26705,26707,26709,26711,26713,26715,26717,26719,26721,26723],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26704,11084],{"class":50},[44,26706,55],{"class":54},[44,26708,59],{"class":58},[44,26710,236],{"class":235},[44,26712,7041],{"class":239},[44,26714,236],{"class":235},[44,26716,2255],{"class":58},[44,26718,247],{"class":235},[44,26720,26625],{"class":239},[44,26722,236],{"class":235},[44,26724,77],{"class":58},[44,26726,26727],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,26728,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,26730,26731,26733,26735,26737,26739,26741,26743],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,26732,6369],{"class":3245},[44,26734,247],{"class":235},[44,26736,8669],{"class":239},[44,26738,236],{"class":235},[44,26740,20521],{"class":54},[44,26742,11125],{"class":50},[44,26744,5764],{"class":58},[44,26746,26747,26750,26752,26754,26756,26758,26760,26762,26764,26766],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,26748,26749],{"class":50},"    value ",[44,26751,55],{"class":54},[44,26753,11125],{"class":50},[44,26755,86],{"class":58},[44,26757,25589],{"class":89},[44,26759,103],{"class":58},[44,26761,236],{"class":235},[44,26763,8669],{"class":239},[44,26765,236],{"class":235},[44,26767,108],{"class":58},[44,26769,26770,26772,26774,26776],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,26771,7442],{"class":99},[44,26773,103],{"class":58},[44,26775,1843],{"class":89},[44,26777,108],{"class":58},[44,26779,26780,26783],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,26781,26782],{"class":3245},"else",[44,26784,5764],{"class":58},[44,26786,26787,26789,26791,26793,26796,26798],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,26788,7442],{"class":99},[44,26790,103],{"class":58},[44,26792,236],{"class":235},[44,26794,26795],{"class":239},"Key not found",[44,26797,236],{"class":235},[44,26799,108],{"class":58},[347,26801,26803,26804,26806],{"id":26802},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,26805,10108],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[35,26808,26810],{"className":37,"code":26809,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,26811,26812,26836,26840,26866,26870,26882],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26813,26814,26816,26818,26820,26822,26824,26826,26828,26830,26832,26834],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26815,11084],{"class":50},[44,26817,55],{"class":54},[44,26819,59],{"class":58},[44,26821,236],{"class":235},[44,26823,7041],{"class":239},[44,26825,236],{"class":235},[44,26827,2255],{"class":58},[44,26829,247],{"class":235},[44,26831,26625],{"class":239},[44,26833,236],{"class":235},[44,26835,77],{"class":58},[44,26837,26838],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,26839,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,26841,26842,26844,26846,26848,26850,26852,26854,26856,26858,26860,26862,26864],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,26843,1817],{"class":50},[44,26845,55],{"class":54},[44,26847,11125],{"class":50},[44,26849,86],{"class":58},[44,26851,19098],{"class":89},[44,26853,103],{"class":58},[44,26855,236],{"class":235},[44,26857,8669],{"class":239},[44,26859,236],{"class":235},[44,26861,66],{"class":58},[44,26863,3221],{"class":692},[44,26865,108],{"class":58},[44,26867,26868],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,26869,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,26871,26872,26874,26876,26878,26880],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,26873,100],{"class":99},[44,26875,103],{"class":58},[44,26877,1843],{"class":89},[44,26879,3032],{"class":58},[44,26881,19909],{"class":3035},[44,26883,26884,26886,26888,26890,26892],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,26885,100],{"class":99},[44,26887,103],{"class":58},[44,26889,10813],{"class":89},[44,26891,3032],{"class":58},[44,26893,26688],{"class":3035},[20,26895,1462,26896,26900,26901,86],{},[167,26897,26898],{"href":10104},[15,26899,26178],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[167,26902,10630],{"href":10441},[131,26904,784],{"id":783},[20,26906,26907,26908,86],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,26909,11928],{},[347,26911,25122,26913,26915],{"id":26912},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,26914,951],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,26917,26918],{},"Lists use indexes:",[35,26920,26922],{"className":37,"code":26921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,26923,26924,26944],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26925,26926,26928,26930,26932,26934,26936,26938,26940,26942],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26927,51],{"class":50},[44,26929,55],{"class":54},[44,26931,2993],{"class":58},[44,26933,1701],{"class":62},[44,26935,66],{"class":58},[44,26937,7163],{"class":62},[44,26939,66],{"class":58},[44,26941,7168],{"class":62},[44,26943,3006],{"class":58},[44,26945,26946,26948,26950,26952,26954,26956,26958,26960,26962],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,26947,100],{"class":99},[44,26949,103],{"class":58},[44,26951,83],{"class":89},[44,26953,86],{"class":58},[44,26955,25589],{"class":89},[44,26957,103],{"class":58},[44,26959,63],{"class":62},[44,26961,4730],{"class":58},[44,26963,26964],{"class":3035},"  # 20\n",[20,26966,26967],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[35,26969,26971],{"className":37,"code":26970,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,26972,26973,27009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26974,26975,26977,26979,26981,26983,26985,26987,26989,26991,26993,26995,26997,26999,27001,27003,27005,27007],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26976,12558],{"class":50},[44,26978,55],{"class":54},[44,26980,59],{"class":58},[44,26982,236],{"class":235},[44,26984,7041],{"class":239},[44,26986,236],{"class":235},[44,26988,2255],{"class":58},[44,26990,247],{"class":235},[44,26992,12237],{"class":239},[44,26994,236],{"class":235},[44,26996,66],{"class":58},[44,26998,247],{"class":235},[44,27000,8669],{"class":239},[44,27002,236],{"class":235},[44,27004,2255],{"class":58},[44,27006,8676],{"class":62},[44,27008,77],{"class":58},[44,27010,27011,27013,27015,27017,27019,27021,27023,27025,27027,27029,27031],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,27012,100],{"class":99},[44,27014,103],{"class":58},[44,27016,16657],{"class":89},[44,27018,86],{"class":58},[44,27020,25589],{"class":89},[44,27022,103],{"class":58},[44,27024,236],{"class":235},[44,27026,8669],{"class":239},[44,27028,236],{"class":235},[44,27030,4730],{"class":58},[44,27032,27033],{"class":3035},"  # 25\n",[20,27035,27036,27037,27039,27040,27042],{},"A dictionary does ",[30,27038,604],{}," use positions with ",[15,27041,951],{},". It uses keys.",[347,27044,4074,27046,27048],{"id":27045},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27047,951],{}," changes the original dictionary",[35,27050,27052],{"className":37,"code":27051,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27053,27054,27086,27090,27112,27116,27129],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27055,27056,27058,27060,27062,27064,27066,27068,27070,27072,27074,27076,27078,27080,27082,27084],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27057,8536],{"class":50},[44,27059,55],{"class":54},[44,27061,59],{"class":58},[44,27063,236],{"class":235},[44,27065,1104],{"class":239},[44,27067,236],{"class":235},[44,27069,2255],{"class":58},[44,27071,4867],{"class":62},[44,27073,66],{"class":58},[44,27075,247],{"class":235},[44,27077,1113],{"class":239},[44,27079,236],{"class":235},[44,27081,2255],{"class":58},[44,27083,69],{"class":62},[44,27085,77],{"class":58},[44,27087,27088],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,27089,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,27091,27092,27094,27096,27098,27100,27102,27104,27106,27108,27110],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,27093,1817],{"class":50},[44,27095,55],{"class":54},[44,27097,13920],{"class":50},[44,27099,86],{"class":58},[44,27101,25589],{"class":89},[44,27103,103],{"class":58},[44,27105,236],{"class":235},[44,27107,1104],{"class":239},[44,27109,236],{"class":235},[44,27111,108],{"class":58},[44,27113,27114],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,27115,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,27117,27118,27120,27122,27124,27126],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,27119,100],{"class":99},[44,27121,103],{"class":58},[44,27123,1843],{"class":89},[44,27125,3032],{"class":58},[44,27127,27128],{"class":3035},"  # 1\n",[44,27130,27131,27133,27135,27137,27139],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,27132,100],{"class":99},[44,27134,103],{"class":58},[44,27136,8575],{"class":89},[44,27138,3032],{"class":58},[44,27140,27141],{"class":3035},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27143,27144,27145,27147],{},"After ",[15,27146,951],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[347,27149,350,27151,27153],{"id":27150},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27152,951],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[35,27155,27157],{"className":37,"code":27156,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27158,27159,27183,27187,27192],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27160,27161,27163,27165,27167,27169,27171,27173,27175,27177,27179,27181],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27162,8536],{"class":50},[44,27164,55],{"class":54},[44,27166,59],{"class":58},[44,27168,236],{"class":235},[44,27170,7041],{"class":239},[44,27172,236],{"class":235},[44,27174,2255],{"class":58},[44,27176,247],{"class":235},[44,27178,7294],{"class":239},[44,27180,236],{"class":235},[44,27182,77],{"class":58},[44,27184,27185],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,27186,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,27188,27189],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,27190,27191],{"class":3035},"# This causes an error\n",[44,27193,27194],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,27195,27196],{"class":3035},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27198,27199],{},"Safer version:",[35,27201,27203],{"className":37,"code":27202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27204,27205,27229,27233],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27206,27207,27209,27211,27213,27215,27217,27219,27221,27223,27225,27227],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27208,8536],{"class":50},[44,27210,55],{"class":54},[44,27212,59],{"class":58},[44,27214,236],{"class":235},[44,27216,7041],{"class":239},[44,27218,236],{"class":235},[44,27220,2255],{"class":58},[44,27222,247],{"class":235},[44,27224,7294],{"class":239},[44,27226,236],{"class":235},[44,27228,77],{"class":58},[44,27230,27231],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,27232,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,27234,27235,27237,27239,27241,27243,27245,27247,27249,27251,27253,27255,27257,27259,27261,27263],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,27236,100],{"class":99},[44,27238,103],{"class":58},[44,27240,8575],{"class":89},[44,27242,86],{"class":58},[44,27244,25589],{"class":89},[44,27246,103],{"class":58},[44,27248,236],{"class":235},[44,27250,8669],{"class":239},[44,27252,236],{"class":235},[44,27254,66],{"class":58},[44,27256,247],{"class":235},[44,27258,26121],{"class":239},[44,27260,236],{"class":235},[44,27262,4730],{"class":58},[44,27264,26157],{"class":3035},[347,27266,923,27268,27270],{"id":27267},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27269,951],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[35,27272,27274],{"className":37,"code":27273,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27275,27276,27308,27312,27334,27338,27350],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27277,27278,27280,27282,27284,27286,27288,27290,27292,27294,27296,27298,27300,27302,27304,27306],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27279,8536],{"class":50},[44,27281,55],{"class":54},[44,27283,59],{"class":58},[44,27285,236],{"class":235},[44,27287,167],{"class":239},[44,27289,236],{"class":235},[44,27291,2255],{"class":58},[44,27293,4867],{"class":62},[44,27295,66],{"class":58},[44,27297,247],{"class":235},[44,27299,1164],{"class":239},[44,27301,236],{"class":235},[44,27303,2255],{"class":58},[44,27305,69],{"class":62},[44,27307,77],{"class":58},[44,27309,27310],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,27311,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,27313,27314,27316,27318,27320,27322,27324,27326,27328,27330,27332],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,27315,644],{"class":50},[44,27317,55],{"class":54},[44,27319,13920],{"class":50},[44,27321,86],{"class":58},[44,27323,25589],{"class":89},[44,27325,103],{"class":58},[44,27327,236],{"class":235},[44,27329,167],{"class":239},[44,27331,236],{"class":235},[44,27333,108],{"class":58},[44,27335,27336],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,27337,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,27339,27340,27342,27344,27346,27348],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,27341,100],{"class":99},[44,27343,103],{"class":58},[44,27345,668],{"class":89},[44,27347,3032],{"class":58},[44,27349,27128],{"class":3035},[44,27351,27352,27354,27356,27358,27360],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,27353,100],{"class":99},[44,27355,103],{"class":58},[44,27357,8575],{"class":89},[44,27359,3032],{"class":58},[44,27361,27362],{"class":3035},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,27364,27365],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[131,27367,27369],{"id":27368},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,27371,27372,27373,27375],{},"Problems with ",[15,27374,11928],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[145,27377,27378,27381,27390,27393],{},[148,27379,27380],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[148,27382,27383,27384,27387,27388],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,27385,27386],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,27389,25685],{},[148,27391,27392],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[148,27394,27395,27396,10459,27398],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,27397,63],{},[15,27399,27400],{},"\"1\"",[20,27402,27403],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[35,27405,27407],{"className":37,"code":27406,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,27408,27409,27433,27437,27467],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27410,27411,27413,27415,27417,27419,27421,27423,27425,27427,27429,27431],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27412,8536],{"class":50},[44,27414,55],{"class":54},[44,27416,59],{"class":58},[44,27418,236],{"class":235},[44,27420,63],{"class":239},[44,27422,236],{"class":235},[44,27424,2255],{"class":58},[44,27426,247],{"class":235},[44,27428,5956],{"class":239},[44,27430,236],{"class":235},[44,27432,77],{"class":58},[44,27434,27435],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,27436,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,27438,27439,27441,27443,27445,27447,27449,27451,27453,27455,27457,27460,27462,27464],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,27440,100],{"class":99},[44,27442,103],{"class":58},[44,27444,8575],{"class":89},[44,27446,86],{"class":58},[44,27448,25589],{"class":89},[44,27450,103],{"class":58},[44,27452,63],{"class":62},[44,27454,66],{"class":58},[44,27456,247],{"class":235},[44,27458,27459],{"class":239},"not found",[44,27461,236],{"class":235},[44,27463,4730],{"class":58},[44,27465,27466],{"class":3035},"    # not found\n",[44,27468,27469,27471,27473,27475,27477,27479,27481,27483,27485,27487,27489,27491,27493,27495,27497],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,27470,100],{"class":99},[44,27472,103],{"class":58},[44,27474,8575],{"class":89},[44,27476,86],{"class":58},[44,27478,25589],{"class":89},[44,27480,103],{"class":58},[44,27482,236],{"class":235},[44,27484,63],{"class":239},[44,27486,236],{"class":235},[44,27488,66],{"class":58},[44,27490,247],{"class":235},[44,27492,27459],{"class":239},[44,27494,236],{"class":235},[44,27496,4730],{"class":58},[44,27498,27499],{"class":3035},"  # one\n",[20,27501,27502,342,27504,27506],{},[15,27503,63],{},[15,27505,27400],{}," are different keys.",[131,27508,8242],{"id":8241},[20,27510,8245,27511,27513],{},[15,27512,951],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[35,27515,27517],{"className":37,"code":27516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,27518,27519,27529,27543,27561,27591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27520,27521,27523,27525,27527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27522,100],{"class":99},[44,27524,103],{"class":58},[44,27526,10813],{"class":89},[44,27528,108],{"class":58},[44,27530,27531,27533,27535,27537,27539,27541],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,27532,100],{"class":99},[44,27534,103],{"class":58},[44,27536,10813],{"class":89},[44,27538,86],{"class":58},[44,27540,16273],{"class":89},[44,27542,6566],{"class":58},[44,27544,27545,27547,27549,27551,27553,27555,27557,27559],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,27546,100],{"class":99},[44,27548,103],{"class":58},[44,27550,1018],{"class":235},[44,27552,7041],{"class":239},[44,27554,1018],{"class":235},[44,27556,20521],{"class":3245},[44,27558,11125],{"class":89},[44,27560,108],{"class":58},[44,27562,27563,27565,27567,27569,27571,27573,27575,27577,27579,27581,27583,27585,27587,27589],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,27564,100],{"class":99},[44,27566,103],{"class":58},[44,27568,10813],{"class":89},[44,27570,86],{"class":58},[44,27572,25589],{"class":89},[44,27574,103],{"class":58},[44,27576,1018],{"class":235},[44,27578,7041],{"class":239},[44,27580,1018],{"class":235},[44,27582,66],{"class":58},[44,27584,1012],{"class":235},[44,27586,26121],{"class":239},[44,27588,1018],{"class":235},[44,27590,993],{"class":58},[44,27592,27593,27595,27597,27599,27601,27603],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,27594,100],{"class":99},[44,27596,103],{"class":58},[44,27598,985],{"class":121},[44,27600,103],{"class":58},[44,27602,10813],{"class":89},[44,27604,993],{"class":58},[20,27606,20684],{},[145,27608,27609,27614,27619,27624,27630],{},[148,27610,27611,27613],{},[15,27612,12037],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[148,27615,27616,27618],{},[15,27617,20696],{}," shows all available keys",[148,27620,27621,27623],{},[15,27622,20702],{}," checks whether a key exists",[148,27625,27626,27629],{},[15,27627,27628],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[148,27631,27632,27634],{},[15,27633,12043],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,27636,27637,27638,86],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[167,27639,8761],{"href":8760},[131,27641,1196],{"id":1195},[347,27643,27645,27646,27648],{"id":27644},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,27647,951],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,27650,27651],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[347,27653,27655],{"id":27654},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,27657,27658,25886,27660,27662,27663,27665],{},[15,27659,25685],{},[15,27661,19035],{},". ",[15,27664,25689],{}," returns the default value instead.",[347,27667,1212,27669,14250],{"id":27668},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,27670,951],{},[20,27672,27673],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[347,27675,27677,27678,27680],{"id":27676},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,27679,951],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,27682,27683,27684,27686,27687,86],{},"Not with ",[15,27685,11928],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[167,27688,27689],{"href":11939},[15,27690,12126],{},[347,27692,1234,27694,342,27696,1239],{"id":27693},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,27695,10108],{},[15,27697,951],{},[20,27699,27700,27702,27703,27705],{},[15,27701,10108],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,27704,951],{}," reads and removes it.",[131,27707,1251],{"id":1250},[145,27709,27710,27716,27723,27727,27731,27735],{},[148,27711,27712],{},[167,27713,27714],{"href":10104},[15,27715,19016],{},[148,27717,27718],{},[167,27719,27720],{"href":11939},[15,27721,27722],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[148,27724,27725],{},[167,27726,12143],{"href":11932},[148,27728,27729],{},[167,27730,20805],{"href":15948},[148,27732,27733],{},[167,27734,10630],{"href":10441},[148,27736,27737],{},[167,27738,27740],{"href":27739},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1294,27742,27743],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":27745},[27746,27747,27749,27750,27751,27753,27760,27767,27777,27778,27779,27790],{"id":2978,"depth":80,"text":2979},{"id":25696,"depth":80,"text":27748},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":595,"depth":80,"text":596},{"id":26181,"depth":80,"text":27752},"When to use pop()",{"id":26368,"depth":80,"text":27754,"children":27755},"pop() vs del",[27756,27758],{"id":26383,"depth":96,"text":27757},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":26486,"depth":96,"text":27759},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":26589,"depth":80,"text":27761,"children":27762},"How to avoid KeyError",[27763,27764,27765],{"id":26598,"depth":96,"text":26599},{"id":26694,"depth":96,"text":26695},{"id":26802,"depth":96,"text":27766},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":783,"depth":80,"text":784,"children":27768},[27769,27771,27773,27775],{"id":26912,"depth":96,"text":27770},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27045,"depth":96,"text":27772},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27150,"depth":96,"text":27774},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27267,"depth":96,"text":27776},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27368,"depth":80,"text":27369},{"id":8241,"depth":80,"text":8242},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":27780},[27781,27783,27784,27786,27788],{"id":27644,"depth":96,"text":27782},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":27654,"depth":96,"text":27655},{"id":27668,"depth":96,"text":27785},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":27676,"depth":96,"text":27787},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":27693,"depth":96,"text":27789},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":25517,"description":27791},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":27798,"title":27722,"body":27799,"description":29738,"extension":1331,"meta":29739,"navigation":268,"path":29740,"seo":29741,"stem":29742,"__hash__":29743},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":27800,"toc":29702},[27801,27806,27811,27814,27822,27832,27834,27923,27927,27976,27981,27986,27990,28006,28009,28011,28026,28028,28044,28051,28055,28061,28070,28072,28141,28145,28166,28169,28188,28191,28214,28216,28219,28334,28338,28397,28404,28408,28413,28538,28542,28592,28595,28599,28606,28608,28671,28675,28696,28699,28708,28723,28731,28738,28742,28754,28758,28769,28771,28917,28921,28980,28987,28992,28996,29002,29025,29030,29049,29053,29124,29131,29204,29213,29218,29223,29234,29237,29374,29379,29411,29416,29418,29422,29482,29485,29542,29545,29588,29590,29595,29601,29607,29610,29617,29625,29630,29633,29640,29648,29650,29699],[10,27802,10686,27804,18],{"id":27803},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,27805,12126],{},[20,27807,140,27808,27810],{},[15,27809,12126],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,27812,27813],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[145,27815,27816,27819],{},[148,27817,27818],{},"remove an item",[148,27820,27821],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,27823,27824,27825,27827,27828,27831],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,27826,12126],{}," removes the ",[30,27829,27830],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[131,27833,1372],{"id":1371},[35,27835,27837],{"className":37,"code":27836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,27838,27839,27883,27899,27903,27913],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27840,27841,27843,27845,27847,27849,27851,27853,27855,27857,27859,27861,27863,27865,27867,27869,27871,27873,27875,27877,27879,27881],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27842,8536],{"class":50},[44,27844,55],{"class":54},[44,27846,59],{"class":58},[44,27848,236],{"class":235},[44,27850,167],{"class":239},[44,27852,236],{"class":235},[44,27854,2255],{"class":58},[44,27856,4867],{"class":62},[44,27858,66],{"class":58},[44,27860,247],{"class":235},[44,27862,1164],{"class":239},[44,27864,236],{"class":235},[44,27866,2255],{"class":58},[44,27868,69],{"class":62},[44,27870,66],{"class":58},[44,27872,247],{"class":235},[44,27874,9109],{"class":239},[44,27876,236],{"class":235},[44,27878,2255],{"class":58},[44,27880,74],{"class":62},[44,27882,77],{"class":58},[44,27884,27885,27888,27890,27892,27894,27897],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,27886,27887],{"class":50},"item ",[44,27889,55],{"class":54},[44,27891,13920],{"class":50},[44,27893,86],{"class":58},[44,27895,27896],{"class":89},"popitem",[44,27898,93],{"class":58},[44,27900,27901],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,27902,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,27904,27905,27907,27909,27911],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,27906,100],{"class":99},[44,27908,103],{"class":58},[44,27910,22658],{"class":89},[44,27912,108],{"class":58},[44,27914,27915,27917,27919,27921],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,27916,100],{"class":99},[44,27918,103],{"class":58},[44,27920,8575],{"class":89},[44,27922,108],{"class":58},[20,27924,27925],{},[30,27926,111],{},[35,27928,27930],{"className":37,"code":27929,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,27931,27932,27948],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27933,27934,27936,27938,27940,27942,27944,27946],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27935,103],{"class":58},[44,27937,1018],{"class":235},[44,27939,9109],{"class":239},[44,27941,1018],{"class":235},[44,27943,66],{"class":58},[44,27945,74],{"class":62},[44,27947,108],{"class":58},[44,27949,27950,27952,27954,27956,27958,27960,27962,27964,27966,27968,27970,27972,27974],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,27951,550],{"class":58},[44,27953,1018],{"class":235},[44,27955,167],{"class":239},[44,27957,1018],{"class":235},[44,27959,2255],{"class":58},[44,27961,4867],{"class":62},[44,27963,66],{"class":58},[44,27965,1012],{"class":235},[44,27967,1164],{"class":239},[44,27969,1018],{"class":235},[44,27971,2255],{"class":58},[44,27973,69],{"class":62},[44,27975,77],{"class":58},[20,27977,27978,27980],{},[15,27979,12126],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[131,27982,134,27984,137],{"id":27983},"what-popitem-does",[15,27985,12126],{},[20,27987,27988,2255],{},[15,27989,12126],{},[145,27991,27992,27995,28000,28003],{},[148,27993,27994],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[148,27996,27997,27998],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,27999,21003],{},[148,28001,28002],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[148,28004,28005],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28007,28008],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[131,28010,175],{"id":174},[35,28012,28014],{"className":37,"code":28013,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28015,28016],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28017,28018,28020,28022,28024],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28019,14958],{"class":50},[44,28021,86],{"class":58},[44,28023,27896],{"class":89},[44,28025,93],{"class":58},[20,28027,10822],{},[145,28029,28030,28038,28041],{},[148,28031,28032,28034,28035],{},[15,28033,12126],{}," takes ",[30,28036,28037],{},"no arguments",[148,28039,28040],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[148,28042,28043],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28045,28046,28047,6002],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[167,28048,28049],{"href":11925},[15,28050,951],{},[131,28052,28054],{"id":28053},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28056,28057,28058,28060],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28059,12126],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28062,28063,28064,28067],"ol",{},[148,28065,28066],{},"the key",[148,28068,28069],{},"the value",[20,28071,1578],{},[35,28073,28075],{"className":37,"code":28074,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28076,28077,28113,28127,28131],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28078,28079,28081,28083,28085,28087,28089,28091,28093,28095,28097,28099,28101,28103,28105,28107,28109,28111],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28080,12558],{"class":50},[44,28082,55],{"class":54},[44,28084,59],{"class":58},[44,28086,236],{"class":235},[44,28088,7041],{"class":239},[44,28090,236],{"class":235},[44,28092,2255],{"class":58},[44,28094,247],{"class":235},[44,28096,4374],{"class":239},[44,28098,236],{"class":235},[44,28100,66],{"class":58},[44,28102,247],{"class":235},[44,28104,8669],{"class":239},[44,28106,236],{"class":235},[44,28108,2255],{"class":58},[44,28110,8676],{"class":62},[44,28112,77],{"class":58},[44,28114,28115,28117,28119,28121,28123,28125],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,28116,644],{"class":50},[44,28118,55],{"class":54},[44,28120,12601],{"class":50},[44,28122,86],{"class":58},[44,28124,27896],{"class":89},[44,28126,93],{"class":58},[44,28128,28129],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,28130,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,28132,28133,28135,28137,28139],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,28134,100],{"class":99},[44,28136,103],{"class":58},[44,28138,668],{"class":89},[44,28140,108],{"class":58},[20,28142,28143],{},[30,28144,111],{},[35,28146,28148],{"className":37,"code":28147,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28149,28150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28151,28152,28154,28156,28158,28160,28162,28164],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28153,103],{"class":58},[44,28155,1018],{"class":235},[44,28157,8669],{"class":239},[44,28159,1018],{"class":235},[44,28161,66],{"class":58},[44,28163,8676],{"class":62},[44,28165,108],{"class":58},[20,28167,28168],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[35,28170,28172],{"className":37,"code":28171,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28173,28174],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28175,28176,28178,28180,28182,28184,28186],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28177,644],{"class":50},[44,28179,55],{"class":54},[44,28181,12601],{"class":50},[44,28183,86],{"class":58},[44,28185,27896],{"class":89},[44,28187,93],{"class":58},[20,28189,28190],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[35,28192,28194],{"className":37,"code":28193,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28195,28196],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28197,28198,28200,28202,28204,28206,28208,28210,28212],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28199,14195],{"class":50},[44,28201,66],{"class":58},[44,28203,20932],{"class":50},[44,28205,55],{"class":54},[44,28207,12601],{"class":50},[44,28209,86],{"class":58},[44,28211,27896],{"class":89},[44,28213,93],{"class":58},[131,28215,215],{"id":214},[20,28217,28218],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[35,28220,28222],{"className":37,"code":28221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28223,28224,28272,28276,28291,28295,28315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28225,28226,28228,28230,28232,28234,28237,28239,28241,28243,28245,28247,28249,28251,28253,28256,28258,28260,28263,28265,28267,28270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28227,4434],{"class":50},[44,28229,55],{"class":54},[44,28231,59],{"class":58},[44,28233,236],{"class":235},[44,28235,28236],{"class":239},"Tom",[44,28238,236],{"class":235},[44,28240,2255],{"class":58},[44,28242,4446],{"class":62},[44,28244,66],{"class":58},[44,28246,247],{"class":235},[44,28248,12237],{"class":239},[44,28250,236],{"class":235},[44,28252,2255],{"class":58},[44,28254,28255],{"class":62}," 95",[44,28257,66],{"class":58},[44,28259,247],{"class":235},[44,28261,28262],{"class":239},"Leo",[44,28264,236],{"class":235},[44,28266,2255],{"class":58},[44,28268,28269],{"class":62}," 88",[44,28271,77],{"class":58},[44,28273,28274],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,28275,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,28277,28278,28281,28283,28285,28287,28289],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,28279,28280],{"class":50},"removed_pair ",[44,28282,55],{"class":54},[44,28284,4481],{"class":50},[44,28286,86],{"class":58},[44,28288,27896],{"class":89},[44,28290,93],{"class":58},[44,28292,28293],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,28294,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,28296,28297,28299,28301,28303,28306,28308,28310,28313],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,28298,100],{"class":99},[44,28300,103],{"class":58},[44,28302,236],{"class":235},[44,28304,28305],{"class":239},"Removed:",[44,28307,236],{"class":235},[44,28309,66],{"class":58},[44,28311,28312],{"class":89}," removed_pair",[44,28314,108],{"class":58},[44,28316,28317,28319,28321,28323,28326,28328,28330,28332],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,28318,100],{"class":99},[44,28320,103],{"class":58},[44,28322,236],{"class":235},[44,28324,28325],{"class":239},"After removal:",[44,28327,236],{"class":235},[44,28329,66],{"class":58},[44,28331,4481],{"class":89},[44,28333,108],{"class":58},[20,28335,28336],{},[30,28337,111],{},[35,28339,28341],{"className":37,"code":28340,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28342,28343,28364],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28344,28345,28348,28350,28352,28354,28356,28358,28360,28362],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28346,28347],{"class":50},"Removed",[44,28349,2255],{"class":58},[44,28351,8607],{"class":58},[44,28353,1018],{"class":235},[44,28355,28262],{"class":239},[44,28357,1018],{"class":235},[44,28359,66],{"class":58},[44,28361,28269],{"class":62},[44,28363,108],{"class":58},[44,28365,28366,28369,28371,28373,28375,28377,28379,28381,28383,28385,28387,28389,28391,28393,28395],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,28367,28368],{"class":50},"After removal",[44,28370,2255],{"class":58},[44,28372,59],{"class":58},[44,28374,1018],{"class":235},[44,28376,28236],{"class":239},[44,28378,1018],{"class":235},[44,28380,2255],{"class":58},[44,28382,4446],{"class":62},[44,28384,66],{"class":58},[44,28386,1012],{"class":235},[44,28388,12237],{"class":239},[44,28390,1018],{"class":235},[44,28392,2255],{"class":58},[44,28394,28255],{"class":62},[44,28396,77],{"class":58},[20,28398,28399,28400,28403],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,28401,28402],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[131,28405,28407],{"id":28406},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,28409,1187,28410,28412],{},[15,28411,12126],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[35,28414,28416],{"className":37,"code":28415,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,28417,28418,28454,28458,28477,28481,28500,28519],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28419,28420,28422,28424,28426,28428,28430,28432,28434,28436,28438,28440,28442,28444,28446,28448,28450,28452],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28421,14801],{"class":50},[44,28423,55],{"class":54},[44,28425,59],{"class":58},[44,28427,236],{"class":235},[44,28429,14812],{"class":239},[44,28431,236],{"class":235},[44,28433,2255],{"class":58},[44,28435,247],{"class":235},[44,28437,14821],{"class":239},[44,28439,236],{"class":235},[44,28441,66],{"class":58},[44,28443,247],{"class":235},[44,28445,14832],{"class":239},[44,28447,236],{"class":235},[44,28449,2255],{"class":58},[44,28451,26255],{"class":62},[44,28453,77],{"class":58},[44,28455,28456],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,28457,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,28459,28460,28462,28464,28466,28468,28471,28473,28475],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,28461,14195],{"class":50},[44,28463,66],{"class":58},[44,28465,20932],{"class":50},[44,28467,55],{"class":54},[44,28469,28470],{"class":50}," book",[44,28472,86],{"class":58},[44,28474,27896],{"class":89},[44,28476,93],{"class":58},[44,28478,28479],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,28480,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,28482,28483,28485,28487,28489,28492,28494,28496,28498],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,28484,100],{"class":99},[44,28486,103],{"class":58},[44,28488,236],{"class":235},[44,28490,28491],{"class":239},"Key:",[44,28493,236],{"class":235},[44,28495,66],{"class":58},[44,28497,20927],{"class":89},[44,28499,108],{"class":58},[44,28501,28502,28504,28506,28508,28511,28513,28515,28517],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,28503,100],{"class":99},[44,28505,103],{"class":58},[44,28507,236],{"class":235},[44,28509,28510],{"class":239},"Value:",[44,28512,236],{"class":235},[44,28514,66],{"class":58},[44,28516,7807],{"class":89},[44,28518,108],{"class":58},[44,28520,28521,28523,28525,28527,28530,28532,28534,28536],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,28522,100],{"class":99},[44,28524,103],{"class":58},[44,28526,236],{"class":235},[44,28528,28529],{"class":239},"Dictionary:",[44,28531,236],{"class":235},[44,28533,66],{"class":58},[44,28535,28470],{"class":89},[44,28537,108],{"class":58},[20,28539,28540],{},[30,28541,111],{},[35,28543,28545],{"className":37,"code":28544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,28546,28547,28557,28567],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28548,28549,28552,28554],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28550,28551],{"class":50},"Key",[44,28553,2255],{"class":58},[44,28555,28556],{"class":50}," pages\n",[44,28558,28559,28562,28564],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,28560,28561],{"class":50},"Value",[44,28563,2255],{"class":58},[44,28565,28566],{"class":62}," 200\n",[44,28568,28569,28572,28574,28576,28578,28580,28582,28584,28586,28588,28590],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,28570,28571],{"class":50},"Dictionary",[44,28573,2255],{"class":58},[44,28575,59],{"class":58},[44,28577,1018],{"class":235},[44,28579,14812],{"class":239},[44,28581,1018],{"class":235},[44,28583,2255],{"class":58},[44,28585,1012],{"class":235},[44,28587,14821],{"class":239},[44,28589,1018],{"class":235},[44,28591,77],{"class":58},[20,28593,28594],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[131,28596,28598],{"id":28597},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,28600,28601,28602,27827,28604,86],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,28603,12126],{},[30,28605,27830],{},[20,28607,1578],{},[35,28609,28611],{"className":37,"code":28610,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,28612,28613,28657],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28614,28615,28617,28619,28621,28623,28625,28627,28629,28631,28633,28635,28637,28639,28641,28643,28645,28647,28649,28651,28653,28655],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28616,8536],{"class":50},[44,28618,55],{"class":54},[44,28620,59],{"class":58},[44,28622,236],{"class":235},[44,28624,1104],{"class":239},[44,28626,236],{"class":235},[44,28628,2255],{"class":58},[44,28630,4867],{"class":62},[44,28632,66],{"class":58},[44,28634,247],{"class":235},[44,28636,1113],{"class":239},[44,28638,236],{"class":235},[44,28640,2255],{"class":58},[44,28642,69],{"class":62},[44,28644,66],{"class":58},[44,28646,247],{"class":235},[44,28648,21425],{"class":239},[44,28650,236],{"class":235},[44,28652,2255],{"class":58},[44,28654,74],{"class":62},[44,28656,77],{"class":58},[44,28658,28659,28661,28663,28665,28667,28669],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,28660,100],{"class":99},[44,28662,103],{"class":58},[44,28664,8575],{"class":89},[44,28666,86],{"class":58},[44,28668,27896],{"class":89},[44,28670,6566],{"class":58},[20,28672,28673],{},[30,28674,111],{},[35,28676,28678],{"className":37,"code":28677,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('z', 3)\n",[15,28679,28680],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28681,28682,28684,28686,28688,28690,28692,28694],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28683,103],{"class":58},[44,28685,1018],{"class":235},[44,28687,21425],{"class":239},[44,28689,1018],{"class":235},[44,28691,66],{"class":58},[44,28693,74],{"class":62},[44,28695,108],{"class":58},[20,28697,28698],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,28700,28701,28702,28704,28705,28707],{},"As a beginner, do ",[30,28703,604],{}," think of ",[15,28706,12126],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,28709,28710,28711,1559,28715,16422,28719,86],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[167,28712,28713],{"href":16425},[15,28714,16428],{},[167,28716,28717],{"href":16412},[15,28718,16415],{},[167,28720,28721],{"href":16418},[15,28722,16421],{},[131,28724,28726,28727,342,28729],{"id":28725},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,28728,12126],{},[15,28730,951],{},[20,28732,28733,342,28735,28737],{},[15,28734,12126],{},[15,28736,951],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[347,28739,28740],{"id":27896},[15,28741,12126],{},[145,28743,28744,28747,28750],{},[148,28745,28746],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[148,28748,28749],{},"does not need a key argument",[148,28751,3063,28752],{},[15,28753,21003],{},[347,28755,28756],{"id":25589},[15,28757,951],{},[145,28759,28760,28763,28766],{},[148,28761,28762],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[148,28764,28765],{},"needs the key name",[148,28767,28768],{},"returns only the value",[20,28770,1578],{},[35,28772,28774],{"className":37,"code":28773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,28775,28776,28820,28824,28838,28858,28862,28884,28903,28907],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28777,28778,28780,28782,28784,28786,28788,28790,28792,28794,28796,28798,28800,28802,28804,28806,28808,28810,28812,28814,28816,28818],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28779,8536],{"class":50},[44,28781,55],{"class":54},[44,28783,59],{"class":58},[44,28785,236],{"class":235},[44,28787,167],{"class":239},[44,28789,236],{"class":235},[44,28791,2255],{"class":58},[44,28793,4867],{"class":62},[44,28795,66],{"class":58},[44,28797,247],{"class":235},[44,28799,1164],{"class":239},[44,28801,236],{"class":235},[44,28803,2255],{"class":58},[44,28805,69],{"class":62},[44,28807,66],{"class":58},[44,28809,247],{"class":235},[44,28811,9109],{"class":239},[44,28813,236],{"class":235},[44,28815,2255],{"class":58},[44,28817,74],{"class":62},[44,28819,77],{"class":58},[44,28821,28822],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,28823,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,28825,28826,28828,28830,28832,28834,28836],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,28827,27887],{"class":50},[44,28829,55],{"class":54},[44,28831,13920],{"class":50},[44,28833,86],{"class":58},[44,28835,27896],{"class":89},[44,28837,93],{"class":58},[44,28839,28840,28842,28844,28846,28849,28851,28853,28856],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,28841,100],{"class":99},[44,28843,103],{"class":58},[44,28845,236],{"class":235},[44,28847,28848],{"class":239},"popitem():",[44,28850,236],{"class":235},[44,28852,66],{"class":58},[44,28854,28855],{"class":89}," item",[44,28857,108],{"class":58},[44,28859,28860],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,28861,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,28863,28864,28866,28868,28870,28872,28874,28876,28878,28880,28882],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,28865,1817],{"class":50},[44,28867,55],{"class":54},[44,28869,13920],{"class":50},[44,28871,86],{"class":58},[44,28873,25589],{"class":89},[44,28875,103],{"class":58},[44,28877,236],{"class":235},[44,28879,167],{"class":239},[44,28881,236],{"class":235},[44,28883,108],{"class":58},[44,28885,28886,28888,28890,28892,28895,28897,28899,28901],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,28887,100],{"class":99},[44,28889,103],{"class":58},[44,28891,236],{"class":235},[44,28893,28894],{"class":239},"pop('a'):",[44,28896,236],{"class":235},[44,28898,66],{"class":58},[44,28900,7807],{"class":89},[44,28902,108],{"class":58},[44,28904,28905],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,28906,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,28908,28909,28911,28913,28915],{"class":46,"line":5802},[44,28910,100],{"class":99},[44,28912,103],{"class":58},[44,28914,8575],{"class":89},[44,28916,108],{"class":58},[20,28918,28919],{},[30,28920,111],{},[35,28922,28924],{"className":37,"code":28923,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,28925,28926,28947,28964],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28927,28928,28930,28933,28935,28937,28939,28941,28943,28945],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28929,27896],{"class":89},[44,28931,28932],{"class":58},"():",[44,28934,8607],{"class":58},[44,28936,1018],{"class":235},[44,28938,9109],{"class":239},[44,28940,1018],{"class":235},[44,28942,66],{"class":58},[44,28944,74],{"class":62},[44,28946,108],{"class":58},[44,28948,28949,28951,28953,28955,28957,28959,28961],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,28950,25589],{"class":89},[44,28952,103],{"class":58},[44,28954,1018],{"class":235},[44,28956,167],{"class":239},[44,28958,1018],{"class":235},[44,28960,15803],{"class":58},[44,28962,28963],{"class":62}," 1\n",[44,28965,28966,28968,28970,28972,28974,28976,28978],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,28967,550],{"class":58},[44,28969,1018],{"class":235},[44,28971,1164],{"class":239},[44,28973,1018],{"class":235},[44,28975,2255],{"class":58},[44,28977,69],{"class":62},[44,28979,77],{"class":58},[20,28981,1462,28982,28986],{},[167,28983,28984],{"href":11925},[15,28985,951],{}," when you know the key.",[20,28988,1462,28989,28991],{},[15,28990,12126],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[131,28993,28995],{"id":28994},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,28997,28998,28999,29001],{},"Calling ",[15,29000,12126],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[35,29003,29005],{"className":37,"code":29004,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29006,29007,29015],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29008,29009,29011,29013],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29010,8536],{"class":50},[44,29012,55],{"class":54},[44,29014,976],{"class":58},[44,29016,29017,29019,29021,29023],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,29018,8575],{"class":50},[44,29020,86],{"class":58},[44,29022,27896],{"class":89},[44,29024,93],{"class":58},[20,29026,29027],{},[30,29028,29029],{},"Error:",[35,29031,29033],{"className":37,"code":29032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29034,29035],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29036,29037,29039,29041,29043,29046],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29038,19035],{"class":121},[44,29040,2255],{"class":58},[44,29042,1012],{"class":235},[44,29044,29045],{"class":239},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[44,29047,29048],{"class":235},"'\n",[347,29050,29052],{"id":29051},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[35,29054,29056],{"className":37,"code":29055,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29057,29058,29066,29070,29078,29093,29103,29109],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29059,29060,29062,29064],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29061,8536],{"class":50},[44,29063,55],{"class":54},[44,29065,976],{"class":58},[44,29067,29068],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,29069,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,29071,29072,29074,29076],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,29073,6369],{"class":3245},[44,29075,13920],{"class":50},[44,29077,5764],{"class":58},[44,29079,29080,29083,29085,29087,29089,29091],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,29081,29082],{"class":50},"    item ",[44,29084,55],{"class":54},[44,29086,13920],{"class":50},[44,29088,86],{"class":58},[44,29090,27896],{"class":89},[44,29092,93],{"class":58},[44,29094,29095,29097,29099,29101],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,29096,7442],{"class":99},[44,29098,103],{"class":58},[44,29100,22658],{"class":89},[44,29102,108],{"class":58},[44,29104,29105,29107],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,29106,26782],{"class":3245},[44,29108,5764],{"class":58},[44,29110,29111,29113,29115,29117,29120,29122],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,29112,7442],{"class":99},[44,29114,103],{"class":58},[44,29116,236],{"class":235},[44,29118,29119],{"class":239},"Dictionary is empty",[44,29121,236],{"class":235},[44,29123,108],{"class":58},[347,29125,29127,29128],{"id":29126},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29129,29130],{},"try-except",[35,29132,29134],{"className":37,"code":29133,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29135,29136,29144,29148,29155,29169,29179,29189],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29137,29138,29140,29142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29139,8536],{"class":50},[44,29141,55],{"class":54},[44,29143,976],{"class":58},[44,29145,29146],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,29147,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,29149,29150,29153],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,29151,29152],{"class":3245},"try",[44,29154,5764],{"class":58},[44,29156,29157,29159,29161,29163,29165,29167],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,29158,29082],{"class":50},[44,29160,55],{"class":54},[44,29162,13920],{"class":50},[44,29164,86],{"class":58},[44,29166,27896],{"class":89},[44,29168,93],{"class":58},[44,29170,29171,29173,29175,29177],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,29172,7442],{"class":99},[44,29174,103],{"class":58},[44,29176,22658],{"class":89},[44,29178,108],{"class":58},[44,29180,29181,29184,29187],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,29182,29183],{"class":3245},"except",[44,29185,29186],{"class":121}," KeyError",[44,29188,5764],{"class":58},[44,29190,29191,29193,29195,29197,29200,29202],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,29192,7442],{"class":99},[44,29194,103],{"class":58},[44,29196,236],{"class":235},[44,29198,29199],{"class":239},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[44,29201,236],{"class":235},[44,29203,108],{"class":58},[20,29205,29206,29207,86],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[167,29208,25028,29210],{"href":29209},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29211,29212],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[131,29214,4331,29216],{"id":29215},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29217,12126],{},[20,29219,29220,29222],{},[15,29221,12126],{}," is useful when:",[145,29224,29225,29228,29231],{},[148,29226,29227],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[148,29229,29230],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[148,29232,29233],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29235,29236],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[35,29238,29240],{"className":37,"code":29239,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29241,29242,29251,29271,29291,29309,29313,29317,29327,29346],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29243,29244,29247,29249],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29245,29246],{"class":50},"tasks ",[44,29248,55],{"class":54},[44,29250,10854],{"class":58},[44,29252,29253,29255,29258,29260,29262,29264,29267,29269],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,29254,10859],{"class":235},[44,29256,29257],{"class":239},"first",[44,29259,236],{"class":235},[44,29261,2255],{"class":58},[44,29263,247],{"class":235},[44,29265,29266],{"class":239},"wash dishes",[44,29268,236],{"class":235},[44,29270,10875],{"class":58},[44,29272,29273,29275,29278,29280,29282,29284,29287,29289],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,29274,10859],{"class":235},[44,29276,29277],{"class":239},"second",[44,29279,236],{"class":235},[44,29281,2255],{"class":58},[44,29283,247],{"class":235},[44,29285,29286],{"class":239},"do homework",[44,29288,236],{"class":235},[44,29290,10875],{"class":58},[44,29292,29293,29295,29298,29300,29302,29304,29307],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,29294,10859],{"class":235},[44,29296,29297],{"class":239},"third",[44,29299,236],{"class":235},[44,29301,2255],{"class":58},[44,29303,247],{"class":235},[44,29305,29306],{"class":239},"read book",[44,29308,2727],{"class":235},[44,29310,29311],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,29312,77],{"class":58},[44,29314,29315],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,29316,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,29318,29319,29322,29325],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,29320,29321],{"class":3245},"while",[44,29323,29324],{"class":50}," tasks",[44,29326,5764],{"class":58},[44,29328,29329,29332,29334,29336,29338,29340,29342,29344],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,29330,29331],{"class":50},"    key",[44,29333,66],{"class":58},[44,29335,20932],{"class":50},[44,29337,55],{"class":54},[44,29339,29324],{"class":50},[44,29341,86],{"class":58},[44,29343,27896],{"class":89},[44,29345,93],{"class":58},[44,29347,29348,29350,29352,29354,29356,29358,29360,29362,29364,29366,29368,29370,29372],{"class":46,"line":5802},[44,29349,7442],{"class":99},[44,29351,103],{"class":58},[44,29353,21641],{"class":1008},[44,29355,236],{"class":239},[44,29357,550],{"class":62},[44,29359,14195],{"class":89},[44,29361,21650],{"class":62},[44,29363,21653],{"class":239},[44,29365,550],{"class":62},[44,29367,1843],{"class":89},[44,29369,21650],{"class":62},[44,29371,236],{"class":239},[44,29373,108],{"class":58},[20,29375,29376],{},[30,29377,29378],{},"Possible output:",[35,29380,29382],{"className":37,"code":29381,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,29383,29384,29393,29402],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29385,29386,29388,29390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29387,29297],{"class":50},[44,29389,2255],{"class":58},[44,29391,29392],{"class":50}," read book\n",[44,29394,29395,29397,29399],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,29396,29277],{"class":50},[44,29398,2255],{"class":58},[44,29400,29401],{"class":50}," do homework\n",[44,29403,29404,29406,29408],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,29405,29257],{"class":50},[44,29407,2255],{"class":58},[44,29409,29410],{"class":50}," wash dishes\n",[20,29412,1187,29413,29415],{},[15,29414,12126],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[131,29417,2200],{"id":2199},[20,29419,14087,29420,2255],{},[15,29421,12126],{},[145,29423,29424,29438,29457,29468],{},[148,29425,29426,29431],{},[30,29427,28998,29428,29430],{},[15,29429,12126],{}," on an empty dictionary",[145,29432,29433],{},[148,29434,29435,29436,86],{},"This raises ",[15,29437,19035],{},[148,29439,29440,29445],{},[30,29441,923,29442,29444],{},[15,29443,12126],{}," to remove a specific key",[145,29446,29447,29450],{},[148,29448,29449],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[148,29451,1462,29452,29456],{},[167,29453,29454],{"href":11925},[15,29455,951],{}," if you need that.",[148,29458,29459,29463],{},[30,29460,4074,29461,27048],{},[15,29462,12126],{},[145,29464,29465],{},[148,29466,29467],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[148,29469,29470,29473],{},[30,29471,29472],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[145,29474,29475],{},[148,29476,29477,21323,29479,29481],{},[15,29478,12126],{},[15,29480,21003],{}," tuple.",[20,29483,29484],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[35,29486,29488],{"className":37,"code":29487,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,29489,29490,29500,29514,29518,29532],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29491,29492,29494,29496,29498],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29493,100],{"class":99},[44,29495,103],{"class":58},[44,29497,10813],{"class":89},[44,29499,108],{"class":58},[44,29501,29502,29504,29506,29508,29510,29512],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,29503,100],{"class":99},[44,29505,103],{"class":58},[44,29507,10529],{"class":99},[44,29509,103],{"class":58},[44,29511,10813],{"class":89},[44,29513,993],{"class":58},[44,29515,29516],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,29517,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,29519,29520,29522,29524,29526,29528,29530],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,29521,27887],{"class":50},[44,29523,55],{"class":54},[44,29525,11125],{"class":50},[44,29527,86],{"class":58},[44,29529,27896],{"class":89},[44,29531,93],{"class":58},[44,29533,29534,29536,29538,29540],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,29535,100],{"class":99},[44,29537,103],{"class":58},[44,29539,22658],{"class":89},[44,29541,108],{"class":58},[20,29543,29544],{},"Or with unpacking:",[35,29546,29548],{"className":37,"code":29547,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,29549,29550,29568,29578],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29551,29552,29554,29556,29558,29560,29562,29564,29566],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29553,14195],{"class":50},[44,29555,66],{"class":58},[44,29557,20932],{"class":50},[44,29559,55],{"class":54},[44,29561,11125],{"class":50},[44,29563,86],{"class":58},[44,29565,27896],{"class":89},[44,29567,93],{"class":58},[44,29569,29570,29572,29574,29576],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,29571,100],{"class":99},[44,29573,103],{"class":58},[44,29575,14195],{"class":89},[44,29577,108],{"class":58},[44,29579,29580,29582,29584,29586],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,29581,100],{"class":99},[44,29583,103],{"class":58},[44,29585,1843],{"class":89},[44,29587,108],{"class":58},[131,29589,1196],{"id":1195},[347,29591,1200,29593,1203],{"id":29592},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,29594,12126],{},[20,29596,29597,29598,86],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,29599,29600],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[347,29602,1212,29604,29606],{"id":29603},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,29605,12126],{}," remove the last item?",[20,29608,29609],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[347,29611,29613,29614,29616],{"id":29612},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,29615,12126],{}," removes?",[20,29618,29619,29620,29624],{},"No. Use ",[167,29621,29622],{"href":11925},[15,29623,951],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[347,29626,1212,29628,14250],{"id":29627},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,29629,12126],{},[20,29631,29632],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[347,29634,29636,29637,29639],{"id":29635},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,29638,12126],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,29641,29642,29643,29645,29646,86],{},"It raises ",[15,29644,19035],{}," with the message ",[15,29647,29045],{},[131,29649,1251],{"id":1250},[145,29651,29652,29659,29665,29671,29677,29684,29688,29692],{},[148,29653,29654],{},[167,29655,29656,29658],{"href":11925},[15,29657,951],{}," method for dictionaries",[148,29660,29661],{},[167,29662,29663,29658],{"href":16425},[15,29664,16428],{},[148,29666,29667],{},[167,29668,29669,29658],{"href":16412},[15,29670,16415],{},[148,29672,29673],{},[167,29674,29675,29658],{"href":16418},[15,29676,16421],{},[148,29678,29679],{},[167,29680,29682,29658],{"href":29681},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,29683,17],{},[148,29685,29686],{},[167,29687,12143],{"href":11932},[148,29689,29690],{},[167,29691,20805],{"href":15948},[148,29693,29694],{},[167,29695,29696,29697],{"href":29209},"Fix ",[15,29698,29212],{},[1294,29700,29701],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":29703},[29704,29705,29707,29708,29709,29710,29711,29712,29717,29722,29724,29725,29737],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":27983,"depth":80,"text":29706},"What popitem() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":28053,"depth":80,"text":28054},{"id":214,"depth":80,"text":215},{"id":28406,"depth":80,"text":28407},{"id":28597,"depth":80,"text":28598},{"id":28725,"depth":80,"text":29713,"children":29714},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[29715,29716],{"id":27896,"depth":96,"text":12126},{"id":25589,"depth":96,"text":951},{"id":28994,"depth":80,"text":28995,"children":29718},[29719,29720],{"id":29051,"depth":96,"text":29052},{"id":29126,"depth":96,"text":29721},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29215,"depth":80,"text":29723},"When to use popitem()",{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":29726},[29727,29729,29731,29733,29735],{"id":29592,"depth":96,"text":29728},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":29603,"depth":96,"text":29730},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":29612,"depth":96,"text":29732},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":29627,"depth":96,"text":29734},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":29635,"depth":96,"text":29736},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":27722,"description":29738},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":29745,"title":29746,"body":29747,"description":31650,"extension":1331,"meta":31651,"navigation":268,"path":13387,"seo":31652,"stem":31653,"__hash__":31654},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":29748,"toc":31622},[29749,29754,29759,29762,29764,29861,29866,29871,29876,29879,29887,29890,29905,29907,30007,30009,30066,30070,30072,30075,30095,30100,30111,30114,30141,30144,30146,30203,30205,30226,30232,30237,30240,30251,30253,30361,30363,30416,30418,30430,30437,30443,30448,30451,30539,30541,30586,30589,30597,30600,30603,30672,30675,30678,30682,30685,30756,30758,30811,30814,30817,30820,30835,30838,30850,30853,30916,30918,30924,30926,30928,31007,31009,31050,31052,31117,31119,31156,31161,31166,31170,31184,31187,31310,31312,31397,31402,31404,31408,31430,31433,31513,31516,31535,31540,31542,31548,31553,31559,31562,31568,31571,31577,31582,31588,31594,31596,31619],[10,29750,10686,29752,18],{"id":29751},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,29753,1292],{},[20,29755,140,29756,29758],{},[15,29757,1292],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,29760,29761],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[131,29763,1372],{"id":1371},[35,29765,29767],{"className":37,"code":29766,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,29768,29769,29805,29846,29856],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29770,29771,29773,29775,29777,29779,29781,29783,29785,29787,29789,29791,29793,29795,29797,29799,29801,29803],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29772,12558],{"class":50},[44,29774,55],{"class":54},[44,29776,59],{"class":58},[44,29778,236],{"class":235},[44,29780,7041],{"class":239},[44,29782,236],{"class":235},[44,29784,2255],{"class":58},[44,29786,247],{"class":235},[44,29788,12237],{"class":239},[44,29790,236],{"class":235},[44,29792,66],{"class":58},[44,29794,247],{"class":235},[44,29796,8669],{"class":239},[44,29798,236],{"class":235},[44,29800,2255],{"class":58},[44,29802,7163],{"class":62},[44,29804,77],{"class":58},[44,29806,29807,29809,29811,29814,29816,29818,29820,29822,29824,29827,29829,29831,29833,29835,29837,29839,29841,29843],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,29808,16657],{"class":50},[44,29810,86],{"class":58},[44,29812,29813],{"class":89},"update",[44,29815,4899],{"class":58},[44,29817,236],{"class":235},[44,29819,8669],{"class":239},[44,29821,236],{"class":235},[44,29823,2255],{"class":58},[44,29825,29826],{"class":62}," 21",[44,29828,66],{"class":58},[44,29830,247],{"class":235},[44,29832,9777],{"class":239},[44,29834,236],{"class":235},[44,29836,2255],{"class":58},[44,29838,247],{"class":235},[44,29840,15382],{"class":239},[44,29842,236],{"class":235},[44,29844,29845],{"class":58},"})\n",[44,29847,29848,29850,29852,29854],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,29849,100],{"class":99},[44,29851,103],{"class":58},[44,29853,16657],{"class":89},[44,29855,108],{"class":58},[44,29857,29858],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,29859,29860],{"class":3035},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,29862,1462,29863,29865],{},[15,29864,1292],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[131,29867,134,29869,137],{"id":29868},"what-update-does",[15,29870,1292],{},[20,29872,29873,29875],{},[15,29874,1292],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,29877,29878],{},"It can do two main things:",[145,29880,29881,29884],{},[148,29882,29883],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[148,29885,29886],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,29888,29889],{},"Important things to know:",[145,29891,29892,29895,29898,29902],{},[148,29893,29894],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[148,29896,29897],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[148,29899,608,29900],{},[15,29901,159],{},[148,29903,29904],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,29906,1578],{},[35,29908,29910],{"className":37,"code":29909,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,29911,29912,29954,29997],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29913,29914,29916,29918,29920,29922,29924,29926,29928,29930,29933,29935,29937,29939,29941,29943,29945,29947,29950,29952],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29915,12220],{"class":50},[44,29917,55],{"class":54},[44,29919,59],{"class":58},[44,29921,236],{"class":235},[44,29923,7041],{"class":239},[44,29925,236],{"class":235},[44,29927,2255],{"class":58},[44,29929,247],{"class":235},[44,29931,29932],{"class":239},"Mira",[44,29934,236],{"class":235},[44,29936,66],{"class":58},[44,29938,247],{"class":235},[44,29940,19239],{"class":239},[44,29942,236],{"class":235},[44,29944,2255],{"class":58},[44,29946,247],{"class":235},[44,29948,29949],{"class":239},"B",[44,29951,236],{"class":235},[44,29953,77],{"class":58},[44,29955,29956,29958,29960,29962,29964,29966,29968,29970,29972,29974,29976,29978,29980,29982,29984,29986,29988,29990,29993,29995],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,29957,12980],{"class":50},[44,29959,86],{"class":58},[44,29961,29813],{"class":89},[44,29963,4899],{"class":58},[44,29965,236],{"class":235},[44,29967,19239],{"class":239},[44,29969,236],{"class":235},[44,29971,2255],{"class":58},[44,29973,247],{"class":235},[44,29975,21592],{"class":239},[44,29977,236],{"class":235},[44,29979,66],{"class":58},[44,29981,247],{"class":235},[44,29983,9777],{"class":239},[44,29985,236],{"class":235},[44,29987,2255],{"class":58},[44,29989,247],{"class":235},[44,29991,29992],{"class":239},"Quito",[44,29994,236],{"class":235},[44,29996,29845],{"class":58},[44,29998,29999,30001,30003,30005],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,30000,100],{"class":99},[44,30002,103],{"class":58},[44,30004,12980],{"class":89},[44,30006,108],{"class":58},[20,30008,111],{},[35,30010,30012],{"className":37,"code":30011,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30013,30014],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30015,30016,30018,30020,30022,30024,30026,30028,30030,30032,30034,30036,30038,30040,30042,30044,30046,30048,30050,30052,30054,30056,30058,30060,30062,30064],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30017,550],{"class":58},[44,30019,1018],{"class":235},[44,30021,7041],{"class":239},[44,30023,1018],{"class":235},[44,30025,2255],{"class":58},[44,30027,1012],{"class":235},[44,30029,29932],{"class":239},[44,30031,1018],{"class":235},[44,30033,66],{"class":58},[44,30035,1012],{"class":235},[44,30037,19239],{"class":239},[44,30039,1018],{"class":235},[44,30041,2255],{"class":58},[44,30043,1012],{"class":235},[44,30045,21592],{"class":239},[44,30047,1018],{"class":235},[44,30049,66],{"class":58},[44,30051,1012],{"class":235},[44,30053,9777],{"class":239},[44,30055,1018],{"class":235},[44,30057,2255],{"class":58},[44,30059,1012],{"class":235},[44,30061,29992],{"class":239},[44,30063,1018],{"class":235},[44,30065,77],{"class":58},[20,30067,8522,30068,86],{},[167,30069,23976],{"href":8760},[131,30071,175],{"id":174},[20,30073,30074],{},"The basic form is:",[35,30076,30078],{"className":37,"code":30077,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30079,30080],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30081,30082,30084,30086,30088,30090,30093],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30083,14958],{"class":50},[44,30085,86],{"class":58},[44,30087,29813],{"class":89},[44,30089,103],{"class":58},[44,30091,30092],{"class":89},"other",[44,30094,108],{"class":58},[20,30096,30097,30099],{},[15,30098,30092],{}," can be:",[145,30101,30102,30105,30108],{},[148,30103,30104],{},"Another dictionary",[148,30106,30107],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[148,30109,30110],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30112,30113],{},"You can also use:",[35,30115,30117],{"className":37,"code":30116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30118,30119],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30120,30121,30123,30125,30127,30129,30131,30133,30135,30137,30139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30122,14958],{"class":50},[44,30124,86],{"class":58},[44,30126,29813],{"class":89},[44,30128,103],{"class":58},[44,30130,7041],{"class":8546},[44,30132,55],{"class":54},[44,30134,236],{"class":235},[44,30136,7050],{"class":239},[44,30138,236],{"class":235},[44,30140,108],{"class":58},[20,30142,30143],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30145,1578],{},[35,30147,30149],{"className":37,"code":30148,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30150,30151,30171,30193],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30152,30153,30155,30157,30159,30161,30163,30165,30167,30169],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30154,8536],{"class":50},[44,30156,55],{"class":54},[44,30158,59],{"class":58},[44,30160,236],{"class":235},[44,30162,167],{"class":239},[44,30164,236],{"class":235},[44,30166,2255],{"class":58},[44,30168,4867],{"class":62},[44,30170,77],{"class":58},[44,30172,30173,30175,30177,30179,30181,30183,30185,30187,30189,30191],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,30174,8575],{"class":50},[44,30176,86],{"class":58},[44,30178,29813],{"class":89},[44,30180,4899],{"class":58},[44,30182,236],{"class":235},[44,30184,167],{"class":239},[44,30186,236],{"class":235},[44,30188,2255],{"class":58},[44,30190,5375],{"class":62},[44,30192,29845],{"class":58},[44,30194,30195,30197,30199,30201],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,30196,100],{"class":99},[44,30198,103],{"class":58},[44,30200,8575],{"class":89},[44,30202,108],{"class":58},[20,30204,111],{},[35,30206,30208],{"className":37,"code":30207,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30209,30210],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30211,30212,30214,30216,30218,30220,30222,30224],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30213,550],{"class":58},[44,30215,1018],{"class":235},[44,30217,167],{"class":239},[44,30219,1018],{"class":235},[44,30221,2255],{"class":58},[44,30223,5375],{"class":62},[44,30225,77],{"class":58},[131,30227,350,30229,30231],{"id":30228},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30230,1292],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30233,30234,30235,86],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30236,1292],{},[20,30238,30239],{},"It is useful when:",[145,30241,30242,30245,30248],{},[148,30243,30244],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[148,30246,30247],{},"Adding extra settings",[148,30249,30250],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30252,1578],{},[35,30254,30256],{"className":37,"code":30255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30257,30258,30295,30332,30336,30351],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30259,30260,30262,30264,30266,30268,30270,30272,30274,30276,30278,30280,30282,30284,30286,30288,30290,30293],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30261,13180],{"class":50},[44,30263,55],{"class":54},[44,30265,59],{"class":58},[44,30267,236],{"class":235},[44,30269,11853],{"class":239},[44,30271,236],{"class":235},[44,30273,2255],{"class":58},[44,30275,247],{"class":235},[44,30277,20275],{"class":239},[44,30279,236],{"class":235},[44,30281,66],{"class":58},[44,30283,247],{"class":235},[44,30285,13205],{"class":239},[44,30287,236],{"class":235},[44,30289,2255],{"class":58},[44,30291,30292],{"class":62}," 12",[44,30294,77],{"class":58},[44,30296,30297,30300,30302,30304,30306,30308,30310,30312,30314,30316,30318,30320,30322,30324,30326,30328,30330],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,30298,30299],{"class":50},"new_settings ",[44,30301,55],{"class":54},[44,30303,59],{"class":58},[44,30305,236],{"class":235},[44,30307,13205],{"class":239},[44,30309,236],{"class":235},[44,30311,2255],{"class":58},[44,30313,13212],{"class":62},[44,30315,66],{"class":58},[44,30317,247],{"class":235},[44,30319,19471],{"class":239},[44,30321,236],{"class":235},[44,30323,2255],{"class":58},[44,30325,247],{"class":235},[44,30327,19505],{"class":239},[44,30329,236],{"class":235},[44,30331,77],{"class":58},[44,30333,30334],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,30335,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,30337,30338,30340,30342,30344,30346,30349],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,30339,13239],{"class":50},[44,30341,86],{"class":58},[44,30343,29813],{"class":89},[44,30345,103],{"class":58},[44,30347,30348],{"class":89},"new_settings",[44,30350,108],{"class":58},[44,30352,30353,30355,30357,30359],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,30354,100],{"class":99},[44,30356,103],{"class":58},[44,30358,13239],{"class":89},[44,30360,108],{"class":58},[20,30362,111],{},[35,30364,30366],{"className":37,"code":30365,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30367,30368],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30369,30370,30372,30374,30376,30378,30380,30382,30384,30386,30388,30390,30392,30394,30396,30398,30400,30402,30404,30406,30408,30410,30412,30414],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30371,550],{"class":58},[44,30373,1018],{"class":235},[44,30375,11853],{"class":239},[44,30377,1018],{"class":235},[44,30379,2255],{"class":58},[44,30381,1012],{"class":235},[44,30383,20275],{"class":239},[44,30385,1018],{"class":235},[44,30387,66],{"class":58},[44,30389,1012],{"class":235},[44,30391,13205],{"class":239},[44,30393,1018],{"class":235},[44,30395,2255],{"class":58},[44,30397,13212],{"class":62},[44,30399,66],{"class":58},[44,30401,1012],{"class":235},[44,30403,19471],{"class":239},[44,30405,1018],{"class":235},[44,30407,2255],{"class":58},[44,30409,1012],{"class":235},[44,30411,19505],{"class":239},[44,30413,1018],{"class":235},[44,30415,77],{"class":58},[20,30417,12763],{},[145,30419,30420,30425],{},[148,30421,30422,30424],{},[15,30423,13205],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[148,30426,30427,30429],{},[15,30428,19471],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,30431,30432,30433,86],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[167,30434,30436],{"href":30435},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[131,30438,350,30440,30442],{"id":30439},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,30441,1292],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,30444,30445,30447],{},[15,30446,1292],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,30449,30450],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[35,30452,30454],{"className":37,"code":30453,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,30455,30456,30476,30511,30515,30529],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30457,30458,30460,30462,30464,30466,30468,30470,30472,30474],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30459,4434],{"class":50},[44,30461,55],{"class":54},[44,30463,59],{"class":58},[44,30465,236],{"class":235},[44,30467,17764],{"class":239},[44,30469,236],{"class":235},[44,30471,2255],{"class":58},[44,30473,19246],{"class":62},[44,30475,77],{"class":58},[44,30477,30478,30480,30482,30484,30486,30488,30490,30492,30494,30496,30498,30500,30503,30505,30507,30509],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,30479,8586],{"class":50},[44,30481,55],{"class":54},[44,30483,8591],{"class":58},[44,30485,236],{"class":235},[44,30487,17773],{"class":239},[44,30489,236],{"class":235},[44,30491,66],{"class":58},[44,30493,12861],{"class":62},[44,30495,8604],{"class":58},[44,30497,8607],{"class":58},[44,30499,236],{"class":235},[44,30501,30502],{"class":239},"english",[44,30504,236],{"class":235},[44,30506,66],{"class":58},[44,30508,28269],{"class":62},[44,30510,8620],{"class":58},[44,30512,30513],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,30514,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,30516,30517,30519,30521,30523,30525,30527],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,30518,15740],{"class":50},[44,30520,86],{"class":58},[44,30522,29813],{"class":89},[44,30524,103],{"class":58},[44,30526,8633],{"class":89},[44,30528,108],{"class":58},[44,30530,30531,30533,30535,30537],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,30532,100],{"class":99},[44,30534,103],{"class":58},[44,30536,15740],{"class":89},[44,30538,108],{"class":58},[20,30540,111],{},[35,30542,30544],{"className":37,"code":30543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,30545,30546],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30547,30548,30550,30552,30554,30556,30558,30560,30562,30564,30566,30568,30570,30572,30574,30576,30578,30580,30582,30584],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30549,550],{"class":58},[44,30551,1018],{"class":235},[44,30553,17764],{"class":239},[44,30555,1018],{"class":235},[44,30557,2255],{"class":58},[44,30559,19246],{"class":62},[44,30561,66],{"class":58},[44,30563,1012],{"class":235},[44,30565,17773],{"class":239},[44,30567,1018],{"class":235},[44,30569,2255],{"class":58},[44,30571,12861],{"class":62},[44,30573,66],{"class":58},[44,30575,1012],{"class":235},[44,30577,30502],{"class":239},[44,30579,1018],{"class":235},[44,30581,2255],{"class":58},[44,30583,28269],{"class":62},[44,30585,77],{"class":58},[20,30587,30588],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[145,30590,30591,30594],{},[148,30592,30593],{},"The key",[148,30595,30596],{},"The value",[20,30598,30599],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,30601,30602],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[35,30604,30606],{"className":37,"code":30605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,30607,30608,30628,30653,30657],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30609,30610,30612,30614,30616,30618,30620,30622,30624,30626],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30611,8536],{"class":50},[44,30613,55],{"class":54},[44,30615,59],{"class":58},[44,30617,236],{"class":235},[44,30619,167],{"class":239},[44,30621,236],{"class":235},[44,30623,2255],{"class":58},[44,30625,4867],{"class":62},[44,30627,77],{"class":58},[44,30629,30630,30633,30635,30637,30639,30641,30643,30645,30647,30649,30651],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,30631,30632],{"class":50},"bad_pairs ",[44,30634,55],{"class":54},[44,30636,8591],{"class":58},[44,30638,236],{"class":235},[44,30640,1164],{"class":239},[44,30642,236],{"class":235},[44,30644,66],{"class":58},[44,30646,69],{"class":62},[44,30648,66],{"class":58},[44,30650,74],{"class":62},[44,30652,8620],{"class":58},[44,30654,30655],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,30656,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,30658,30659,30661,30663,30665,30667,30670],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,30660,8575],{"class":50},[44,30662,86],{"class":58},[44,30664,29813],{"class":89},[44,30666,103],{"class":58},[44,30668,30669],{"class":89},"bad_pairs",[44,30671,108],{"class":58},[20,30673,30674],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,30676,30677],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[131,30679,30681],{"id":30680},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,30683,30684],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[35,30686,30688],{"className":37,"code":30687,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,30689,30690,30714,30746],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30691,30692,30694,30696,30698,30700,30702,30704,30706,30708,30710,30712],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30693,10849],{"class":50},[44,30695,55],{"class":54},[44,30697,59],{"class":58},[44,30699,236],{"class":235},[44,30701,7041],{"class":239},[44,30703,236],{"class":235},[44,30705,2255],{"class":58},[44,30707,247],{"class":235},[44,30709,28262],{"class":239},[44,30711,236],{"class":235},[44,30713,77],{"class":58},[44,30715,30716,30718,30720,30722,30724,30726,30728,30730,30732,30735,30737,30739,30742,30744],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,30717,10943],{"class":50},[44,30719,86],{"class":58},[44,30721,29813],{"class":89},[44,30723,103],{"class":58},[44,30725,8669],{"class":8546},[44,30727,55],{"class":54},[44,30729,8564],{"class":62},[44,30731,66],{"class":58},[44,30733,30734],{"class":8546}," city",[44,30736,55],{"class":54},[44,30738,236],{"class":235},[44,30740,30741],{"class":239},"Madrid",[44,30743,236],{"class":235},[44,30745,108],{"class":58},[44,30747,30748,30750,30752,30754],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,30749,100],{"class":99},[44,30751,103],{"class":58},[44,30753,10943],{"class":89},[44,30755,108],{"class":58},[20,30757,111],{},[35,30759,30761],{"className":37,"code":30760,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,30762,30763],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30764,30765,30767,30769,30771,30773,30775,30777,30779,30781,30783,30785,30787,30789,30791,30793,30795,30797,30799,30801,30803,30805,30807,30809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30766,550],{"class":58},[44,30768,1018],{"class":235},[44,30770,7041],{"class":239},[44,30772,1018],{"class":235},[44,30774,2255],{"class":58},[44,30776,1012],{"class":235},[44,30778,28262],{"class":239},[44,30780,1018],{"class":235},[44,30782,66],{"class":58},[44,30784,1012],{"class":235},[44,30786,8669],{"class":239},[44,30788,1018],{"class":235},[44,30790,2255],{"class":58},[44,30792,8676],{"class":62},[44,30794,66],{"class":58},[44,30796,1012],{"class":235},[44,30798,9777],{"class":239},[44,30800,1018],{"class":235},[44,30802,2255],{"class":58},[44,30804,1012],{"class":235},[44,30806,30741],{"class":239},[44,30808,1018],{"class":235},[44,30810,77],{"class":58},[20,30812,30813],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,30815,30816],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,30818,30819],{},"These work:",[145,30821,30822,30826,30830],{},[148,30823,30824],{},[15,30825,8669],{},[148,30827,30828],{},[15,30829,9777],{},[148,30831,30832],{},[15,30833,30834],{},"first_name",[20,30836,30837],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[145,30839,30840,30845],{},[148,30841,30842],{},[15,30843,30844],{},"\"first name\"",[148,30846,30847],{},[15,30848,30849],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,30851,30852],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[35,30854,30856],{"className":37,"code":30855,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,30857,30858,30866,30906],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30859,30860,30862,30864],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30861,10849],{"class":50},[44,30863,55],{"class":54},[44,30865,976],{"class":58},[44,30867,30868,30870,30872,30874,30876,30878,30880,30882,30884,30886,30888,30890,30892,30894,30897,30899,30901,30904],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,30869,10943],{"class":50},[44,30871,86],{"class":58},[44,30873,29813],{"class":89},[44,30875,4899],{"class":58},[44,30877,236],{"class":235},[44,30879,9880],{"class":239},[44,30881,236],{"class":235},[44,30883,2255],{"class":58},[44,30885,247],{"class":235},[44,30887,28262],{"class":239},[44,30889,236],{"class":235},[44,30891,66],{"class":58},[44,30893,247],{"class":235},[44,30895,30896],{"class":239},"user-id",[44,30898,236],{"class":235},[44,30900,2255],{"class":58},[44,30902,30903],{"class":62}," 1001",[44,30905,29845],{"class":58},[44,30907,30908,30910,30912,30914],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,30909,100],{"class":99},[44,30911,103],{"class":58},[44,30913,10943],{"class":89},[44,30915,108],{"class":58},[131,30917,596],{"id":595},[20,30919,30920,772,30922,86],{},[15,30921,1292],{},[15,30923,159],{},[20,30925,13403],{},[20,30927,24056],{},[35,30929,30931],{"className":37,"code":30930,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,30932,30933,30957,30983,30987,30997],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30934,30935,30937,30939,30941,30943,30945,30947,30949,30951,30953,30955],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30936,12558],{"class":50},[44,30938,55],{"class":54},[44,30940,59],{"class":58},[44,30942,236],{"class":235},[44,30944,7041],{"class":239},[44,30946,236],{"class":235},[44,30948,2255],{"class":58},[44,30950,247],{"class":235},[44,30952,12237],{"class":239},[44,30954,236],{"class":235},[44,30956,77],{"class":58},[44,30958,30959,30961,30963,30965,30967,30969,30971,30973,30975,30977,30979,30981],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,30960,644],{"class":50},[44,30962,55],{"class":54},[44,30964,12601],{"class":50},[44,30966,86],{"class":58},[44,30968,29813],{"class":89},[44,30970,4899],{"class":58},[44,30972,236],{"class":235},[44,30974,8669],{"class":239},[44,30976,236],{"class":235},[44,30978,2255],{"class":58},[44,30980,7163],{"class":62},[44,30982,29845],{"class":58},[44,30984,30985],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,30986,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,30988,30989,30991,30993,30995],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,30990,100],{"class":99},[44,30992,103],{"class":58},[44,30994,668],{"class":89},[44,30996,108],{"class":58},[44,30998,30999,31001,31003,31005],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,31000,100],{"class":99},[44,31002,103],{"class":58},[44,31004,16657],{"class":89},[44,31006,108],{"class":58},[20,31008,111],{},[35,31010,31012],{"className":37,"code":31011,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31013,31014,31018],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31015,31016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31017,693],{"class":692},[44,31019,31020,31022,31024,31026,31028,31030,31032,31034,31036,31038,31040,31042,31044,31046,31048],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,31021,550],{"class":58},[44,31023,1018],{"class":235},[44,31025,7041],{"class":239},[44,31027,1018],{"class":235},[44,31029,2255],{"class":58},[44,31031,1012],{"class":235},[44,31033,12237],{"class":239},[44,31035,1018],{"class":235},[44,31037,66],{"class":58},[44,31039,1012],{"class":235},[44,31041,8669],{"class":239},[44,31043,1018],{"class":235},[44,31045,2255],{"class":58},[44,31047,7163],{"class":62},[44,31049,77],{"class":58},[20,31051,862],{},[35,31053,31055],{"className":37,"code":31054,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31056,31057,31081,31103,31107],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31058,31059,31061,31063,31065,31067,31069,31071,31073,31075,31077,31079],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31060,12558],{"class":50},[44,31062,55],{"class":54},[44,31064,59],{"class":58},[44,31066,236],{"class":235},[44,31068,7041],{"class":239},[44,31070,236],{"class":235},[44,31072,2255],{"class":58},[44,31074,247],{"class":235},[44,31076,12237],{"class":239},[44,31078,236],{"class":235},[44,31080,77],{"class":58},[44,31082,31083,31085,31087,31089,31091,31093,31095,31097,31099,31101],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,31084,16657],{"class":50},[44,31086,86],{"class":58},[44,31088,29813],{"class":89},[44,31090,4899],{"class":58},[44,31092,236],{"class":235},[44,31094,8669],{"class":239},[44,31096,236],{"class":235},[44,31098,2255],{"class":58},[44,31100,7163],{"class":62},[44,31102,29845],{"class":58},[44,31104,31105],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,31106,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,31108,31109,31111,31113,31115],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,31110,100],{"class":99},[44,31112,103],{"class":58},[44,31114,16657],{"class":89},[44,31116,108],{"class":58},[20,31118,111],{},[35,31120,31122],{"className":37,"code":31121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31123,31124],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31125,31126,31128,31130,31132,31134,31136,31138,31140,31142,31144,31146,31148,31150,31152,31154],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31127,550],{"class":58},[44,31129,1018],{"class":235},[44,31131,7041],{"class":239},[44,31133,1018],{"class":235},[44,31135,2255],{"class":58},[44,31137,1012],{"class":235},[44,31139,12237],{"class":239},[44,31141,1018],{"class":235},[44,31143,66],{"class":58},[44,31145,1012],{"class":235},[44,31147,8669],{"class":239},[44,31149,1018],{"class":235},[44,31151,2255],{"class":58},[44,31153,7163],{"class":62},[44,31155,77],{"class":58},[20,31157,31158,31159,86],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[167,31160,17251],{"href":10099},[131,31162,4331,31164],{"id":31163},"when-to-use-update",[15,31165,1292],{},[20,31167,1462,31168,9969],{},[15,31169,1292],{},[145,31171,31172,31175,31178,31181],{},[148,31173,31174],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[148,31176,31177],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[148,31179,31180],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[148,31182,31183],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31185,31186],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[35,31188,31190],{"className":37,"code":31189,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31191,31192,31228,31243,31247,31286,31290,31300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31193,31194,31196,31198,31200,31202,31204,31206,31208,31210,31212,31214,31216,31218,31220,31222,31224,31226],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31195,11444],{"class":50},[44,31197,55],{"class":54},[44,31199,59],{"class":58},[44,31201,236],{"class":235},[44,31203,7041],{"class":239},[44,31205,236],{"class":235},[44,31207,2255],{"class":58},[44,31209,247],{"class":235},[44,31211,12237],{"class":239},[44,31213,236],{"class":235},[44,31215,66],{"class":58},[44,31217,247],{"class":235},[44,31219,8669],{"class":239},[44,31221,236],{"class":235},[44,31223,2255],{"class":58},[44,31225,7163],{"class":62},[44,31227,77],{"class":58},[44,31229,31230,31233,31235,31237,31239,31241],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,31231,31232],{"class":50},"updated ",[44,31234,55],{"class":54},[44,31236,11519],{"class":50},[44,31238,86],{"class":58},[44,31240,12268],{"class":89},[44,31242,93],{"class":58},[44,31244,31245],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,31246,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,31248,31249,31252,31254,31256,31258,31260,31262,31264,31266,31268,31270,31272,31274,31276,31278,31280,31282,31284],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,31250,31251],{"class":50},"updated",[44,31253,86],{"class":58},[44,31255,29813],{"class":89},[44,31257,4899],{"class":58},[44,31259,236],{"class":235},[44,31261,8669],{"class":239},[44,31263,236],{"class":235},[44,31265,2255],{"class":58},[44,31267,29826],{"class":62},[44,31269,66],{"class":58},[44,31271,247],{"class":235},[44,31273,9777],{"class":239},[44,31275,236],{"class":235},[44,31277,2255],{"class":58},[44,31279,247],{"class":235},[44,31281,15382],{"class":239},[44,31283,236],{"class":235},[44,31285,29845],{"class":58},[44,31287,31288],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,31289,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,31291,31292,31294,31296,31298],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,31293,100],{"class":99},[44,31295,103],{"class":58},[44,31297,11491],{"class":89},[44,31299,108],{"class":58},[44,31301,31302,31304,31306,31308],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,31303,100],{"class":99},[44,31305,103],{"class":58},[44,31307,31251],{"class":89},[44,31309,108],{"class":58},[20,31311,111],{},[35,31313,31315],{"className":37,"code":31314,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31316,31317,31349],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31318,31319,31321,31323,31325,31327,31329,31331,31333,31335,31337,31339,31341,31343,31345,31347],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31320,550],{"class":58},[44,31322,1018],{"class":235},[44,31324,7041],{"class":239},[44,31326,1018],{"class":235},[44,31328,2255],{"class":58},[44,31330,1012],{"class":235},[44,31332,12237],{"class":239},[44,31334,1018],{"class":235},[44,31336,66],{"class":58},[44,31338,1012],{"class":235},[44,31340,8669],{"class":239},[44,31342,1018],{"class":235},[44,31344,2255],{"class":58},[44,31346,7163],{"class":62},[44,31348,77],{"class":58},[44,31350,31351,31353,31355,31357,31359,31361,31363,31365,31367,31369,31371,31373,31375,31377,31379,31381,31383,31385,31387,31389,31391,31393,31395],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,31352,550],{"class":58},[44,31354,1018],{"class":235},[44,31356,7041],{"class":239},[44,31358,1018],{"class":235},[44,31360,2255],{"class":58},[44,31362,1012],{"class":235},[44,31364,12237],{"class":239},[44,31366,1018],{"class":235},[44,31368,66],{"class":58},[44,31370,1012],{"class":235},[44,31372,8669],{"class":239},[44,31374,1018],{"class":235},[44,31376,2255],{"class":58},[44,31378,29826],{"class":62},[44,31380,66],{"class":58},[44,31382,1012],{"class":235},[44,31384,9777],{"class":239},[44,31386,1018],{"class":235},[44,31388,2255],{"class":58},[44,31390,1012],{"class":235},[44,31392,15382],{"class":239},[44,31394,1018],{"class":235},[44,31396,77],{"class":58},[20,31398,31399,31400,86],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[167,31401,15949],{"href":15948},[131,31403,2200],{"id":2199},[20,31405,787,31406,2255],{},[15,31407,1292],{},[145,31409,31410,31417,31421,31424,31427],{},[148,31411,793,31412,31414,31415],{},[15,31413,1292],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,31416,159],{},[148,31418,923,31419,11960],{},[15,31420,1292],{},[148,31422,31423],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[148,31425,31426],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[148,31428,31429],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,31431,31432],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[35,31434,31436],{"className":37,"code":31435,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,31437,31438,31448,31462,31476,31498],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31439,31440,31442,31444,31446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31441,100],{"class":99},[44,31443,103],{"class":58},[44,31445,10813],{"class":89},[44,31447,108],{"class":58},[44,31449,31450,31452,31454,31456,31458,31460],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,31451,100],{"class":99},[44,31453,103],{"class":58},[44,31455,985],{"class":121},[44,31457,103],{"class":58},[44,31459,8575],{"class":89},[44,31461,993],{"class":58},[44,31463,31464,31466,31468,31470,31472,31474],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,31465,100],{"class":99},[44,31467,103],{"class":58},[44,31469,7467],{"class":121},[44,31471,103],{"class":58},[44,31473,8575],{"class":89},[44,31475,993],{"class":58},[44,31477,31478,31480,31482,31484,31486,31488,31490,31492,31494,31496],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,31479,100],{"class":99},[44,31481,103],{"class":58},[44,31483,10813],{"class":89},[44,31485,86],{"class":58},[44,31487,19098],{"class":89},[44,31489,103],{"class":58},[44,31491,1018],{"class":235},[44,31493,14195],{"class":239},[44,31495,1018],{"class":235},[44,31497,993],{"class":58},[44,31499,31500,31503,31505,31507,31509,31511],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,31501,31502],{"class":99},"help",[44,31504,103],{"class":58},[44,31506,1015],{"class":121},[44,31508,86],{"class":58},[44,31510,29813],{"class":24098},[44,31512,108],{"class":58},[20,31514,31515],{},"These can help you check:",[145,31517,31518,31521,31526,31529,31532],{},[148,31519,31520],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[148,31522,31523,31524],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,31525,1292],{},[148,31527,31528],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[148,31530,31531],{},"Whether a key exists",[148,31533,31534],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,31536,31537,31538,86],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[167,31539,10630],{"href":10441},[131,31541,1196],{"id":1195},[347,31543,1212,31545,31547],{"id":31544},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,31546,1292],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,31549,31550,31551,86],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,31552,159],{},[347,31554,1212,31556,31558],{"id":31555},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,31557,1292],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,31560,31561],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[347,31563,4538,31565,31567],{"id":31564},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,31566,1292],{}," add new keys?",[20,31569,31570],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[347,31572,27677,31574,31576],{"id":31573},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,31575,1292],{}," with a list?",[20,31578,31579,31580,86],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,31581,10462],{},[347,31583,1234,31585,31587],{"id":31584},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,31586,1292],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,31589,31590,31591,31593],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,31592,1292],{}," can change many keys at once.",[131,31595,1251],{"id":1250},[145,31597,31598,31602,31606,31611,31615],{},[148,31599,31600],{},[167,31601,25443],{"href":8760},[148,31603,31604],{},[167,31605,10619],{"href":10099},[148,31607,31608],{},[167,31609,31610],{"href":30435},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[148,31612,31613],{},[167,31614,20805],{"href":15948},[148,31616,31617],{},[167,31618,10630],{"href":10441},[1294,31620,31621],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":31623},[31624,31625,31627,31628,31630,31632,31633,31634,31636,31637,31649],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":29868,"depth":80,"text":31626},"What update() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":30228,"depth":80,"text":31629},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30439,"depth":80,"text":31631},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":30680,"depth":80,"text":30681},{"id":595,"depth":80,"text":596},{"id":31163,"depth":80,"text":31635},"When to use update()",{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":31638},[31639,31641,31643,31645,31647],{"id":31544,"depth":96,"text":31640},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":31555,"depth":96,"text":31642},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":31564,"depth":96,"text":31644},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":31573,"depth":96,"text":31646},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":31584,"depth":96,"text":31648},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":29746,"description":31650},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":31656,"title":31657,"body":31658,"description":33647,"extension":1331,"meta":33648,"navigation":268,"path":22242,"seo":33649,"stem":33650,"__hash__":33651},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":31659,"toc":33610},[31660,31665,31672,31675,31677,31776,31778,31833,31838,31843,31857,31862,31864,31879,31881,31895,31908,31913,31919,31926,31928,32035,32037,32086,32092,32167,32169,32190,32192,32195,32300,32302,32357,32359,32387,32391,32396,32475,32477,32497,32499,32510,32520,32524,32529,32633,32635,32660,32663,32674,32679,32688,32691,32708,32710,32797,32799,32862,32864,32887,32889,32894,32900,32905,32907,32946,32952,32955,32974,32985,32991,32994,33067,33069,33088,33093,33096,33119,33125,33128,33192,33195,33272,33279,33282,33341,33347,33349,33368,33372,33375,33426,33429,33449,33451,33512,33514,33519,33524,33529,33534,33539,33544,33550,33553,33562,33570,33572,33607],[10,31661,10686,31663,18],{"id":31662},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,31664,16421],{},[20,31666,31667,31668,31671],{},"The Python ",[15,31669,31670],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,31673,31674],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[131,31676,1372],{"id":1371},[35,31678,31680],{"className":37,"code":31679,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,31681,31682,31734,31748,31752,31762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31683,31684,31686,31688,31690,31692,31694,31696,31698,31700,31702,31704,31706,31708,31710,31712,31714,31716,31718,31720,31722,31724,31726,31728,31730,31732],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31685,12220],{"class":50},[44,31687,55],{"class":54},[44,31689,59],{"class":58},[44,31691,236],{"class":235},[44,31693,7041],{"class":239},[44,31695,236],{"class":235},[44,31697,2255],{"class":58},[44,31699,247],{"class":235},[44,31701,12237],{"class":239},[44,31703,236],{"class":235},[44,31705,66],{"class":58},[44,31707,247],{"class":235},[44,31709,8669],{"class":239},[44,31711,236],{"class":235},[44,31713,2255],{"class":58},[44,31715,7163],{"class":62},[44,31717,66],{"class":58},[44,31719,247],{"class":235},[44,31721,9777],{"class":239},[44,31723,236],{"class":235},[44,31725,2255],{"class":58},[44,31727,247],{"class":235},[44,31729,15382],{"class":239},[44,31731,236],{"class":235},[44,31733,77],{"class":58},[44,31735,31736,31738,31740,31742,31744,31746],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,31737,3191],{"class":50},[44,31739,55],{"class":54},[44,31741,12263],{"class":50},[44,31743,86],{"class":58},[44,31745,4727],{"class":89},[44,31747,93],{"class":58},[44,31749,31750],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,31751,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,31753,31754,31756,31758,31760],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,31755,100],{"class":99},[44,31757,103],{"class":58},[44,31759,4727],{"class":89},[44,31761,108],{"class":58},[44,31763,31764,31766,31768,31770,31772,31774],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,31765,100],{"class":99},[44,31767,103],{"class":58},[44,31769,7467],{"class":121},[44,31771,103],{"class":58},[44,31773,4727],{"class":89},[44,31775,993],{"class":58},[20,31777,111],{},[35,31779,31781],{"className":37,"code":31780,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,31782,31783,31809],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31784,31785,31787,31789,31791,31793,31795,31797,31799,31801,31803,31805,31807],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31786,16387],{"class":89},[44,31788,2357],{"class":58},[44,31790,1018],{"class":235},[44,31792,12237],{"class":239},[44,31794,1018],{"class":235},[44,31796,66],{"class":58},[44,31798,7163],{"class":62},[44,31800,66],{"class":58},[44,31802,1012],{"class":235},[44,31804,15382],{"class":239},[44,31806,1018],{"class":235},[44,31808,3258],{"class":58},[44,31810,31811,31813,31815,31817,31819,31821,31823,31825,31827,31829,31831],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,31812,3270],{"class":58},[44,31814,1018],{"class":235},[44,31816,12237],{"class":239},[44,31818,1018],{"class":235},[44,31820,66],{"class":58},[44,31822,7163],{"class":62},[44,31824,66],{"class":58},[44,31826,1012],{"class":235},[44,31828,15382],{"class":239},[44,31830,1018],{"class":235},[44,31832,3006],{"class":58},[20,31834,31835,31837],{},[15,31836,16421],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[131,31839,134,31841,137],{"id":31840},"what-values-does",[15,31842,16421],{},[145,31844,31845,31848,31851,31854],{},[148,31846,31847],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[148,31849,31850],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[148,31852,31853],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[148,31855,31856],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,31858,31859,31860,86],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[167,31861,8761],{"href":8760},[131,31863,175],{"id":174},[35,31865,31867],{"className":37,"code":31866,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,31868,31869],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31870,31871,31873,31875,31877],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31872,10813],{"class":50},[44,31874,86],{"class":58},[44,31876,4727],{"class":89},[44,31878,93],{"class":58},[20,31880,197],{},[145,31882,31883,31887,31890],{},[148,31884,31885,10829],{},[15,31886,16421],{},[148,31888,31889],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[148,31891,31892,31893],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,31894,16421],{},[20,31896,31897,31898,342,31903,86],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[167,31899,31900,31902],{"href":16412},[15,31901,16415],{}," for dictionary keys",[167,31904,31905,31907],{"href":16425},[15,31906,16428],{}," for key-value pairs",[131,31909,134,31911,11065],{"id":31910},"what-values-returns",[15,31912,16421],{},[20,31914,31915,21323,31917,24112],{},[15,31916,16421],{},[15,31918,16387],{},[20,31920,31921,31922,31925],{},"This object is a ",[30,31923,31924],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,31927,1578],{},[35,31929,31931],{"className":37,"code":31930,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,31932,31933,31969,31973,31988,31999,32003,32025],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31934,31935,31937,31939,31941,31943,31945,31947,31949,31951,31953,31955,31957,31959,31961,31963,31965,31967],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31936,12558],{"class":50},[44,31938,55],{"class":54},[44,31940,59],{"class":58},[44,31942,236],{"class":235},[44,31944,7041],{"class":239},[44,31946,236],{"class":235},[44,31948,2255],{"class":58},[44,31950,247],{"class":235},[44,31952,7294],{"class":239},[44,31954,236],{"class":235},[44,31956,66],{"class":58},[44,31958,247],{"class":235},[44,31960,8669],{"class":239},[44,31962,236],{"class":235},[44,31964,2255],{"class":58},[44,31966,8676],{"class":62},[44,31968,77],{"class":58},[44,31970,31971],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,31972,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,31974,31975,31978,31980,31982,31984,31986],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,31976,31977],{"class":50},"values_view ",[44,31979,55],{"class":54},[44,31981,12601],{"class":50},[44,31983,86],{"class":58},[44,31985,4727],{"class":89},[44,31987,93],{"class":58},[44,31989,31990,31992,31994,31997],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,31991,100],{"class":99},[44,31993,103],{"class":58},[44,31995,31996],{"class":89},"values_view",[44,31998,108],{"class":58},[44,32000,32001],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,32002,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,32004,32005,32007,32009,32011,32013,32015,32017,32019,32021,32023],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,32006,16657],{"class":50},[44,32008,3270],{"class":58},[44,32010,236],{"class":235},[44,32012,9777],{"class":239},[44,32014,236],{"class":235},[44,32016,12627],{"class":58},[44,32018,12630],{"class":54},[44,32020,247],{"class":235},[44,32022,29992],{"class":239},[44,32024,2727],{"class":235},[44,32026,32027,32029,32031,32033],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,32028,100],{"class":99},[44,32030,103],{"class":58},[44,32032,31996],{"class":89},[44,32034,108],{"class":58},[20,32036,111],{},[35,32038,32040],{"className":37,"code":32039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32041,32042,32060],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32043,32044,32046,32048,32050,32052,32054,32056,32058],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32045,16387],{"class":89},[44,32047,2357],{"class":58},[44,32049,1018],{"class":235},[44,32051,7294],{"class":239},[44,32053,1018],{"class":235},[44,32055,66],{"class":58},[44,32057,8676],{"class":62},[44,32059,3258],{"class":58},[44,32061,32062,32064,32066,32068,32070,32072,32074,32076,32078,32080,32082,32084],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,32063,16387],{"class":89},[44,32065,2357],{"class":58},[44,32067,1018],{"class":235},[44,32069,7294],{"class":239},[44,32071,1018],{"class":235},[44,32073,66],{"class":58},[44,32075,8676],{"class":62},[44,32077,66],{"class":58},[44,32079,1012],{"class":235},[44,32081,29992],{"class":239},[44,32083,1018],{"class":235},[44,32085,3258],{"class":58},[20,32087,32088,32089,86],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32090,32091],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[35,32093,32095],{"className":37,"code":32094,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32096,32097,32133,32152,32156],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32098,32099,32101,32103,32105,32107,32109,32111,32113,32115,32117,32119,32121,32123,32125,32127,32129,32131],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32100,12558],{"class":50},[44,32102,55],{"class":54},[44,32104,59],{"class":58},[44,32106,236],{"class":235},[44,32108,7041],{"class":239},[44,32110,236],{"class":235},[44,32112,2255],{"class":58},[44,32114,247],{"class":235},[44,32116,7294],{"class":239},[44,32118,236],{"class":235},[44,32120,66],{"class":58},[44,32122,247],{"class":235},[44,32124,8669],{"class":239},[44,32126,236],{"class":235},[44,32128,2255],{"class":58},[44,32130,8676],{"class":62},[44,32132,77],{"class":58},[44,32134,32135,32138,32140,32142,32144,32146,32148,32150],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,32136,32137],{"class":50},"values_list ",[44,32139,55],{"class":54},[44,32141,21907],{"class":121},[44,32143,103],{"class":58},[44,32145,16657],{"class":89},[44,32147,86],{"class":58},[44,32149,4727],{"class":89},[44,32151,6566],{"class":58},[44,32153,32154],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,32155,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,32157,32158,32160,32162,32165],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,32159,100],{"class":99},[44,32161,103],{"class":58},[44,32163,32164],{"class":89},"values_list",[44,32166,108],{"class":58},[20,32168,111],{},[35,32170,32172],{"className":37,"code":32171,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32173,32174],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32175,32176,32178,32180,32182,32184,32186,32188],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32177,3270],{"class":58},[44,32179,1018],{"class":235},[44,32181,7294],{"class":239},[44,32183,1018],{"class":235},[44,32185,66],{"class":58},[44,32187,8676],{"class":62},[44,32189,3006],{"class":58},[131,32191,215],{"id":214},[20,32193,32194],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[35,32196,32198],{"className":37,"code":32197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32199,32200,32254,32258,32272,32276,32286],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32201,32202,32204,32206,32208,32210,32212,32214,32216,32218,32220,32222,32224,32226,32228,32230,32232,32235,32237,32239,32242,32244,32246,32248,32250,32252],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32203,24144],{"class":50},[44,32205,55],{"class":54},[44,32207,59],{"class":58},[44,32209,236],{"class":235},[44,32211,24153],{"class":239},[44,32213,236],{"class":235},[44,32215,2255],{"class":58},[44,32217,247],{"class":235},[44,32219,24162],{"class":239},[44,32221,236],{"class":235},[44,32223,66],{"class":58},[44,32225,247],{"class":235},[44,32227,24171],{"class":239},[44,32229,236],{"class":235},[44,32231,2255],{"class":58},[44,32233,32234],{"class":62}," 2022",[44,32236,66],{"class":58},[44,32238,247],{"class":235},[44,32240,32241],{"class":239},"color",[44,32243,236],{"class":235},[44,32245,2255],{"class":58},[44,32247,247],{"class":235},[44,32249,259],{"class":239},[44,32251,236],{"class":235},[44,32253,77],{"class":58},[44,32255,32256],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,32257,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,32259,32260,32262,32264,32266,32268,32270],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,32261,644],{"class":50},[44,32263,55],{"class":54},[44,32265,24193],{"class":50},[44,32267,86],{"class":58},[44,32269,4727],{"class":89},[44,32271,93],{"class":58},[44,32273,32274],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,32275,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,32277,32278,32280,32282,32284],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,32279,100],{"class":99},[44,32281,103],{"class":58},[44,32283,668],{"class":89},[44,32285,108],{"class":58},[44,32287,32288,32290,32292,32294,32296,32298],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,32289,100],{"class":99},[44,32291,103],{"class":58},[44,32293,7467],{"class":121},[44,32295,103],{"class":58},[44,32297,668],{"class":89},[44,32299,993],{"class":58},[20,32301,111],{},[35,32303,32305],{"className":37,"code":32304,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32306,32307,32333],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32308,32309,32311,32313,32315,32317,32319,32321,32323,32325,32327,32329,32331],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32310,16387],{"class":89},[44,32312,2357],{"class":58},[44,32314,1018],{"class":235},[44,32316,24162],{"class":239},[44,32318,1018],{"class":235},[44,32320,66],{"class":58},[44,32322,32234],{"class":62},[44,32324,66],{"class":58},[44,32326,1012],{"class":235},[44,32328,259],{"class":239},[44,32330,1018],{"class":235},[44,32332,3258],{"class":58},[44,32334,32335,32337,32339,32341,32343,32345,32347,32349,32351,32353,32355],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,32336,3270],{"class":58},[44,32338,1018],{"class":235},[44,32340,24162],{"class":239},[44,32342,1018],{"class":235},[44,32344,66],{"class":58},[44,32346,32234],{"class":62},[44,32348,66],{"class":58},[44,32350,1012],{"class":235},[44,32352,259],{"class":239},[44,32354,1018],{"class":235},[44,32356,3006],{"class":58},[20,32358,311],{},[145,32360,32361,32367,32373,32381],{},[148,32362,32363,32366],{},[15,32364,32365],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[148,32368,32369,32372],{},[15,32370,32371],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[148,32374,32375,32378,32379,23965],{},[15,32376,32377],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32380,16387],{},[148,32382,32383,32386],{},[15,32384,32385],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[131,32388,32390],{"id":32389},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32392,32393,32394,25412],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32395,5328],{},[35,32397,32399],{"className":37,"code":32398,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32400,32401,32445,32449,32465],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32402,32403,32405,32407,32409,32411,32413,32415,32417,32419,32421,32423,32425,32427,32429,32431,32433,32435,32437,32439,32441,32443],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32404,4434],{"class":50},[44,32406,55],{"class":54},[44,32408,59],{"class":58},[44,32410,236],{"class":235},[44,32412,17764],{"class":239},[44,32414,236],{"class":235},[44,32416,2255],{"class":58},[44,32418,19246],{"class":62},[44,32420,66],{"class":58},[44,32422,247],{"class":235},[44,32424,30502],{"class":239},[44,32426,236],{"class":235},[44,32428,2255],{"class":58},[44,32430,12861],{"class":62},[44,32432,66],{"class":58},[44,32434,247],{"class":235},[44,32436,17773],{"class":239},[44,32438,236],{"class":235},[44,32440,2255],{"class":58},[44,32442,28269],{"class":62},[44,32444,77],{"class":58},[44,32446,32447],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,32448,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,32450,32451,32453,32455,32457,32459,32461,32463],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,32452,5328],{"class":3245},[44,32454,20932],{"class":50},[44,32456,3252],{"class":3245},[44,32458,4481],{"class":50},[44,32460,86],{"class":58},[44,32462,4727],{"class":89},[44,32464,20943],{"class":58},[44,32466,32467,32469,32471,32473],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,32468,7442],{"class":99},[44,32470,103],{"class":58},[44,32472,1843],{"class":89},[44,32474,108],{"class":58},[20,32476,111],{},[35,32478,32480],{"className":37,"code":32479,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,32481,32482,32487,32492],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32483,32484],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32485,32486],{"class":62},"90\n",[44,32488,32489],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,32490,32491],{"class":62},"85\n",[44,32493,32494],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,32495,32496],{"class":62},"88\n",[20,32498,17057],{},[145,32500,32501,32504,32507],{},[148,32502,32503],{},"You only need the values",[148,32505,32506],{},"You do not care about the keys",[148,32508,32509],{},"You want simpler code",[20,32511,32512,32513,945,32517,86],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[167,32514,10105,32515,1272],{"href":16425},[15,32516,16428],{},[167,32518,21822],{"href":32519},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[131,32521,32523],{"id":32522},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,32525,1462,32526,32528],{},[15,32527,32091],{}," when you need a list.",[35,32530,32532],{"className":37,"code":32531,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,32533,32534,32580,32584,32604,32608,32619],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32535,32536,32539,32541,32543,32545,32547,32549,32551,32553,32555,32557,32559,32561,32563,32565,32567,32569,32572,32574,32576,32578],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32537,32538],{"class":50},"fruit_prices ",[44,32540,55],{"class":54},[44,32542,59],{"class":58},[44,32544,236],{"class":235},[44,32546,3450],{"class":239},[44,32548,236],{"class":235},[44,32550,2255],{"class":58},[44,32552,69],{"class":62},[44,32554,66],{"class":58},[44,32556,247],{"class":235},[44,32558,3459],{"class":239},[44,32560,236],{"class":235},[44,32562,2255],{"class":58},[44,32564,4867],{"class":62},[44,32566,66],{"class":58},[44,32568,247],{"class":235},[44,32570,32571],{"class":239},"orange",[44,32573,236],{"class":235},[44,32575,2255],{"class":58},[44,32577,74],{"class":62},[44,32579,77],{"class":58},[44,32581,32582],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,32583,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,32585,32586,32589,32591,32593,32595,32598,32600,32602],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,32587,32588],{"class":50},"price_list ",[44,32590,55],{"class":54},[44,32592,21907],{"class":121},[44,32594,103],{"class":58},[44,32596,32597],{"class":89},"fruit_prices",[44,32599,86],{"class":58},[44,32601,4727],{"class":89},[44,32603,6566],{"class":58},[44,32605,32606],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,32607,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,32609,32610,32612,32614,32617],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,32611,100],{"class":99},[44,32613,103],{"class":58},[44,32615,32616],{"class":89},"price_list",[44,32618,108],{"class":58},[44,32620,32621,32623,32625,32627,32629,32631],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,32622,100],{"class":99},[44,32624,103],{"class":58},[44,32626,32616],{"class":89},[44,32628,3270],{"class":58},[44,32630,1490],{"class":62},[44,32632,3258],{"class":58},[20,32634,111],{},[35,32636,32638],{"className":37,"code":32637,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,32639,32640,32656],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32641,32642,32644,32646,32648,32650,32652,32654],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32643,3270],{"class":58},[44,32645,1426],{"class":62},[44,32647,66],{"class":58},[44,32649,4867],{"class":62},[44,32651,66],{"class":58},[44,32653,74],{"class":62},[44,32655,3006],{"class":58},[44,32657,32658],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,32659,16406],{"class":62},[20,32661,32662],{},"This is helpful for:",[145,32664,32665,32668,32671],{},[148,32666,32667],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[148,32669,32670],{},"Accessing values by index",[148,32672,32673],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,32675,3295,32676,32678],{},[15,32677,16387],{}," is not the same as a list.",[131,32680,32682,9953,32684,9953,32686],{"id":32681},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,32683,16421],{},[15,32685,16415],{},[15,32687,16428],{},[20,32689,32690],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[145,32692,32693,32698,32703],{},[148,32694,32695,32697],{},[15,32696,16421],{}," returns only the values",[148,32699,32700,32702],{},[15,32701,16415],{}," returns only the keys",[148,32704,32705,32707],{},[15,32706,16428],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,32709,1496],{},[35,32711,32713],{"className":37,"code":32712,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,32714,32715,32751,32755,32769,32783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32716,32717,32719,32721,32723,32725,32727,32729,32731,32733,32735,32737,32739,32741,32743,32745,32747,32749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32718,12220],{"class":50},[44,32720,55],{"class":54},[44,32722,59],{"class":58},[44,32724,236],{"class":235},[44,32726,7041],{"class":239},[44,32728,236],{"class":235},[44,32730,2255],{"class":58},[44,32732,247],{"class":235},[44,32734,12237],{"class":239},[44,32736,236],{"class":235},[44,32738,66],{"class":58},[44,32740,247],{"class":235},[44,32742,8669],{"class":239},[44,32744,236],{"class":235},[44,32746,2255],{"class":58},[44,32748,7163],{"class":62},[44,32750,77],{"class":58},[44,32752,32753],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,32754,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,32756,32757,32759,32761,32763,32765,32767],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,32758,100],{"class":99},[44,32760,103],{"class":58},[44,32762,12980],{"class":89},[44,32764,86],{"class":58},[44,32766,16273],{"class":89},[44,32768,6566],{"class":58},[44,32770,32771,32773,32775,32777,32779,32781],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,32772,100],{"class":99},[44,32774,103],{"class":58},[44,32776,12980],{"class":89},[44,32778,86],{"class":58},[44,32780,4727],{"class":89},[44,32782,6566],{"class":58},[44,32784,32785,32787,32789,32791,32793,32795],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,32786,100],{"class":99},[44,32788,103],{"class":58},[44,32790,12980],{"class":89},[44,32792,86],{"class":58},[44,32794,397],{"class":89},[44,32796,6566],{"class":58},[20,32798,111],{},[35,32800,32802],{"className":37,"code":32801,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,32803,32804,32826,32844],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32805,32806,32808,32810,32812,32814,32816,32818,32820,32822,32824],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32807,16364],{"class":89},[44,32809,2357],{"class":58},[44,32811,1018],{"class":235},[44,32813,7041],{"class":239},[44,32815,1018],{"class":235},[44,32817,66],{"class":58},[44,32819,1012],{"class":235},[44,32821,8669],{"class":239},[44,32823,1018],{"class":235},[44,32825,3258],{"class":58},[44,32827,32828,32830,32832,32834,32836,32838,32840,32842],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,32829,16387],{"class":89},[44,32831,2357],{"class":58},[44,32833,1018],{"class":235},[44,32835,12237],{"class":239},[44,32837,1018],{"class":235},[44,32839,66],{"class":58},[44,32841,7163],{"class":62},[44,32843,3258],{"class":58},[44,32845,32846,32848,32850,32852,32854,32856,32858,32860],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,32847,21256],{"class":89},[44,32849,9027],{"class":58},[44,32851,1018],{"class":235},[44,32853,7041],{"class":239},[44,32855,1018],{"class":235},[44,32857,66],{"class":58},[44,32859,7163],{"class":62},[44,32861,10047],{"class":58},[20,32863,18042],{},[145,32865,32866,32873,32880],{},[148,32867,32868,32872],{},[167,32869,32870],{"href":16412},[15,32871,16415],{}," when you need just the keys",[148,32874,32875,32879],{},[167,32876,32877],{"href":16418},[15,32878,16421],{}," when you need just the values",[148,32881,32882,32886],{},[167,32883,32884],{"href":16425},[15,32885,16428],{}," when you need both",[131,32888,784],{"id":783},[20,32890,32891,32892,86],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,32893,16421],{},[347,32895,28998,32897,32899],{"id":32896},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,32898,16421],{}," on the wrong type",[20,32901,32902,32904],{},[15,32903,16421],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,32906,798],{},[35,32908,32910],{"className":37,"code":32909,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,32911,32912,32932],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32913,32914,32916,32918,32920,32922,32924,32926,32928,32930],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32915,7682],{"class":50},[44,32917,55],{"class":54},[44,32919,2993],{"class":58},[44,32921,63],{"class":62},[44,32923,66],{"class":58},[44,32925,69],{"class":62},[44,32927,66],{"class":58},[44,32929,74],{"class":62},[44,32931,3006],{"class":58},[44,32933,32934,32936,32938,32940,32942,32944],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,32935,100],{"class":99},[44,32937,103],{"class":58},[44,32939,7713],{"class":89},[44,32941,86],{"class":58},[44,32943,4727],{"class":89},[44,32945,6566],{"class":58},[20,32947,32948,32949,32951],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,32950,16421],{}," method.",[20,32953,32954],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[35,32956,32958],{"className":37,"code":32957,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,32959,32960],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32961,32962,32964,32966,32968,32970,32972],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32963,100],{"class":99},[44,32965,103],{"class":58},[44,32967,985],{"class":121},[44,32969,103],{"class":58},[44,32971,7713],{"class":89},[44,32973,993],{"class":58},[20,32975,32976,32977,32979,32980,86],{},"If you get an ",[15,32978,25020],{},", see ",[167,32981,25028,32982,32984],{"href":25027},[15,32983,25031],{}," errors",[347,32986,3949,32988,32990],{"id":32987},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,32989,16421],{}," returns a list",[20,32992,32993],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[35,32995,32997],{"className":37,"code":32996,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,32998,32999,33035,33049,33053],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33000,33001,33003,33005,33007,33009,33011,33013,33015,33017,33019,33021,33023,33025,33027,33029,33031,33033],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33002,12220],{"class":50},[44,33004,55],{"class":54},[44,33006,59],{"class":58},[44,33008,236],{"class":235},[44,33010,7041],{"class":239},[44,33012,236],{"class":235},[44,33014,2255],{"class":58},[44,33016,247],{"class":235},[44,33018,12237],{"class":239},[44,33020,236],{"class":235},[44,33022,66],{"class":58},[44,33024,247],{"class":235},[44,33026,8669],{"class":239},[44,33028,236],{"class":235},[44,33030,2255],{"class":58},[44,33032,7163],{"class":62},[44,33034,77],{"class":58},[44,33036,33037,33039,33041,33043,33045,33047],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,33038,3191],{"class":50},[44,33040,55],{"class":54},[44,33042,12263],{"class":50},[44,33044,86],{"class":58},[44,33046,4727],{"class":89},[44,33048,93],{"class":58},[44,33050,33051],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,33052,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,33054,33055,33057,33059,33061,33063,33065],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,33056,100],{"class":99},[44,33058,103],{"class":58},[44,33060,985],{"class":121},[44,33062,103],{"class":58},[44,33064,4727],{"class":89},[44,33066,993],{"class":58},[20,33068,111],{},[35,33070,33072],{"className":37,"code":33071,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33073,33074],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33075,33076,33078,33080,33082,33084,33086],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33077,1005],{"class":54},[44,33079,1009],{"class":1008},[44,33081,1012],{"class":235},[44,33083,16387],{"class":239},[44,33085,1018],{"class":235},[44,33087,1021],{"class":54},[20,33089,608,33090,33092],{},[15,33091,16387],{},", not a list.",[20,33094,33095],{},"If you need a list:",[35,33097,33099],{"className":37,"code":33098,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33100,33101],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33102,33103,33105,33107,33109,33111,33113,33115,33117],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33104,3191],{"class":50},[44,33106,55],{"class":54},[44,33108,21907],{"class":121},[44,33110,103],{"class":58},[44,33112,12980],{"class":89},[44,33114,86],{"class":58},[44,33116,4727],{"class":89},[44,33118,6566],{"class":58},[347,33120,33122,33123],{"id":33121},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33124,16387],{},[20,33126,33127],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[35,33129,33131],{"className":37,"code":33130,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33132,33133,33169,33183,33187],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33134,33135,33137,33139,33141,33143,33145,33147,33149,33151,33153,33155,33157,33159,33161,33163,33165,33167],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33136,12220],{"class":50},[44,33138,55],{"class":54},[44,33140,59],{"class":58},[44,33142,236],{"class":235},[44,33144,7041],{"class":239},[44,33146,236],{"class":235},[44,33148,2255],{"class":58},[44,33150,247],{"class":235},[44,33152,12237],{"class":239},[44,33154,236],{"class":235},[44,33156,66],{"class":58},[44,33158,247],{"class":235},[44,33160,8669],{"class":239},[44,33162,236],{"class":235},[44,33164,2255],{"class":58},[44,33166,7163],{"class":62},[44,33168,77],{"class":58},[44,33170,33171,33173,33175,33177,33179,33181],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,33172,3191],{"class":50},[44,33174,55],{"class":54},[44,33176,12263],{"class":50},[44,33178,86],{"class":58},[44,33180,4727],{"class":89},[44,33182,93],{"class":58},[44,33184,33185],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,33186,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,33188,33189],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,33190,33191],{"class":3035},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33193,33194],{},"Convert to a list first:",[35,33196,33198],{"className":37,"code":33197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33199,33200,33236,33254,33258],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33201,33202,33204,33206,33208,33210,33212,33214,33216,33218,33220,33222,33224,33226,33228,33230,33232,33234],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33203,12220],{"class":50},[44,33205,55],{"class":54},[44,33207,59],{"class":58},[44,33209,236],{"class":235},[44,33211,7041],{"class":239},[44,33213,236],{"class":235},[44,33215,2255],{"class":58},[44,33217,247],{"class":235},[44,33219,12237],{"class":239},[44,33221,236],{"class":235},[44,33223,66],{"class":58},[44,33225,247],{"class":235},[44,33227,8669],{"class":239},[44,33229,236],{"class":235},[44,33231,2255],{"class":58},[44,33233,7163],{"class":62},[44,33235,77],{"class":58},[44,33237,33238,33240,33242,33244,33246,33248,33250,33252],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,33239,3191],{"class":50},[44,33241,55],{"class":54},[44,33243,21907],{"class":121},[44,33245,103],{"class":58},[44,33247,12980],{"class":89},[44,33249,86],{"class":58},[44,33251,4727],{"class":89},[44,33253,6566],{"class":58},[44,33255,33256],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,33257,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,33259,33260,33262,33264,33266,33268,33270],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,33261,100],{"class":99},[44,33263,103],{"class":58},[44,33265,4727],{"class":89},[44,33267,3270],{"class":58},[44,33269,1490],{"class":62},[44,33271,3258],{"class":58},[347,33273,350,33275,10459,33277],{"id":33274},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33276,4727],{},[15,33278,16421],{},[20,33280,33281],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[35,33283,33285],{"className":37,"code":33284,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33286,33287,33323,33327],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33288,33289,33291,33293,33295,33297,33299,33301,33303,33305,33307,33309,33311,33313,33315,33317,33319,33321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33290,12220],{"class":50},[44,33292,55],{"class":54},[44,33294,59],{"class":58},[44,33296,236],{"class":235},[44,33298,7041],{"class":239},[44,33300,236],{"class":235},[44,33302,2255],{"class":58},[44,33304,247],{"class":235},[44,33306,12237],{"class":239},[44,33308,236],{"class":235},[44,33310,66],{"class":58},[44,33312,247],{"class":235},[44,33314,8669],{"class":239},[44,33316,236],{"class":235},[44,33318,2255],{"class":58},[44,33320,7163],{"class":62},[44,33322,77],{"class":58},[44,33324,33325],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,33326,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,33328,33329,33331,33333,33335,33337,33339],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,33330,100],{"class":99},[44,33332,103],{"class":58},[44,33334,12980],{"class":89},[44,33336,86],{"class":58},[44,33338,4727],{"class":24098},[44,33340,108],{"class":58},[20,33342,33343,33346],{},[15,33344,33345],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33348,18042],{},[35,33350,33352],{"className":37,"code":33351,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33353,33354],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33355,33356,33358,33360,33362,33364,33366],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33357,100],{"class":99},[44,33359,103],{"class":58},[44,33361,12980],{"class":89},[44,33363,86],{"class":58},[44,33365,4727],{"class":89},[44,33367,6566],{"class":58},[347,33369,33371],{"id":33370},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33373,33374],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[35,33376,33378],{"className":37,"code":33377,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33379,33380,33412],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33381,33382,33384,33386,33388,33390,33392,33394,33396,33398,33400,33402,33404,33406,33408,33410],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33383,8536],{"class":50},[44,33385,55],{"class":54},[44,33387,59],{"class":58},[44,33389,236],{"class":235},[44,33391,167],{"class":239},[44,33393,236],{"class":235},[44,33395,2255],{"class":58},[44,33397,4867],{"class":62},[44,33399,66],{"class":58},[44,33401,247],{"class":235},[44,33403,1164],{"class":239},[44,33405,236],{"class":235},[44,33407,2255],{"class":58},[44,33409,69],{"class":62},[44,33411,77],{"class":58},[44,33413,33414,33416,33418,33420,33422,33424],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,33415,100],{"class":99},[44,33417,103],{"class":58},[44,33419,8575],{"class":89},[44,33421,86],{"class":58},[44,33423,4727],{"class":89},[44,33425,6566],{"class":58},[20,33427,33428],{},"Not like this:",[35,33430,33432],{"className":37,"code":33431,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,33433,33434,33439,33444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33435,33436],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33437,33438],{"class":3035},"# Wrong examples:\n",[44,33440,33441],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,33442,33443],{"class":3035},"# data().values()\n",[44,33445,33446],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,33447,33448],{"class":3035},"# values(data)\n",[20,33450,2708],{},[35,33452,33454],{"className":37,"code":33453,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,33455,33456,33470,33480,33494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33457,33458,33460,33462,33464,33466,33468],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33459,100],{"class":99},[44,33461,103],{"class":58},[44,33463,985],{"class":121},[44,33465,103],{"class":58},[44,33467,10813],{"class":89},[44,33469,993],{"class":58},[44,33471,33472,33474,33476,33478],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,33473,100],{"class":99},[44,33475,103],{"class":58},[44,33477,10813],{"class":89},[44,33479,108],{"class":58},[44,33481,33482,33484,33486,33488,33490,33492],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,33483,100],{"class":99},[44,33485,103],{"class":58},[44,33487,10813],{"class":89},[44,33489,86],{"class":58},[44,33491,4727],{"class":89},[44,33493,6566],{"class":58},[44,33495,33496,33498,33500,33502,33504,33506,33508,33510],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,33497,100],{"class":99},[44,33499,103],{"class":58},[44,33501,7467],{"class":121},[44,33503,103],{"class":58},[44,33505,10813],{"class":89},[44,33507,86],{"class":58},[44,33509,4727],{"class":89},[44,33511,5660],{"class":58},[131,33513,1196],{"id":1195},[347,33515,1200,33517,1203],{"id":33516},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,33518,31670],{},[20,33520,16770,33521,33523],{},[15,33522,16387],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[347,33525,1212,33527,23279],{"id":33526},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,33528,16421],{},[20,33530,23282,33531,23286],{},[15,33532,33533],{},"list(...)",[347,33535,25404,33537,1239],{"id":33536},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,33538,31670],{},[20,33540,33541,33542,25412],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,33543,5328],{},[347,33545,1212,33547,33549],{"id":33546},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,33548,31670],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,33551,33552],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[347,33554,33556,33557,33559,33560,1239],{"id":33555},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,33558,16421],{}," different from ",[15,33561,16428],{},[20,33563,33564,33566,33567,33569],{},[15,33565,16421],{}," returns only values. ",[15,33568,16428],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[131,33571,1251],{"id":1250},[145,33573,33574,33580,33586,33590,33596,33600],{},[148,33575,33576],{},[167,33577,10105,33578,1272],{"href":16412},[15,33579,16415],{},[148,33581,33582],{},[167,33583,10105,33584,1272],{"href":16425},[15,33585,16428],{},[148,33587,33588],{},[167,33589,10610],{"href":8760},[148,33591,33592],{},[167,33593,33595],{"href":33594},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[148,33597,33598],{},[167,33599,23364],{"href":32519},[148,33601,33602],{},[167,33603,29696,33604],{"href":25027},[15,33605,33606],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1294,33608,33609],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":33611},[33612,33613,33615,33616,33618,33619,33620,33621,33623,33634,33646],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":31840,"depth":80,"text":33614},"What values() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":31910,"depth":80,"text":33617},"What values() returns",{"id":214,"depth":80,"text":215},{"id":32389,"depth":80,"text":32390},{"id":32522,"depth":80,"text":32523},{"id":32681,"depth":80,"text":33622},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":783,"depth":80,"text":784,"children":33624},[33625,33627,33629,33631,33633],{"id":32896,"depth":96,"text":33626},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":32987,"depth":96,"text":33628},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33121,"depth":96,"text":33630},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33274,"depth":96,"text":33632},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33370,"depth":96,"text":33371},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":33635},[33636,33638,33640,33642,33644],{"id":33516,"depth":96,"text":33637},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":33526,"depth":96,"text":33639},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":33536,"depth":96,"text":33641},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":33546,"depth":96,"text":33643},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":33555,"depth":96,"text":33645},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":31657,"description":33647},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":33653,"title":33654,"body":33655,"description":35086,"extension":1331,"meta":35087,"navigation":268,"path":35088,"seo":35089,"stem":35090,"__hash__":35091},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":33656,"toc":35038},[33657,33663,33668,33671,33687,33696,33698,33730,33736,33739,33834,33837,33842,33847,33850,33861,33863,33877,33883,33885,33890,33896,33899,33938,33946,33951,33954,33999,34002,34014,34020,34026,34030,34063,34066,34084,34087,34091,34130,34132,34152,34155,34167,34172,34178,34181,34236,34239,34250,34253,34264,34267,34271,34277,34279,34309,34312,34327,34330,34333,34352,34355,34371,34380,34382,34413,34419,34424,34427,34434,34465,34468,34490,34493,34496,34510,34514,34545,34560,34567,34574,34578,34586,34590,34598,34601,34650,34661,34663,34666,34672,34677,34687,34691,34694,34697,34701,34704,34706,34727,34731,34737,34748,34754,34756,34762,34786,34789,34852,34855,34883,34886,34948,34950,34955,34958,34965,34973,34980,34983,34991,34997,34999,35026,35035],[10,33658,2945,33660,2949],{"id":33659},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,33661,33662],{},"dir()",[20,33664,31667,33665,33667],{},[15,33666,33662],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,33669,33670],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[145,33672,33673,33676,33679,33684],{},[148,33674,33675],{},"learning Python",[148,33677,33678],{},"exploring a new object",[148,33680,33681,33682],{},"debugging an ",[15,33683,25020],{},[148,33685,33686],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,33688,33689,33690,33692,33693],{},"In short, ",[15,33691,33662],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[30,33694,33695],{},"“What can I use here?”",[131,33697,1372],{"id":1371},[35,33699,33701],{"className":37,"code":33700,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,33702,33703,33715],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33704,33705,33707,33709,33711,33713],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33706,7249],{"class":50},[44,33708,55],{"class":54},[44,33710,247],{"class":235},[44,33712,3214],{"class":239},[44,33714,2727],{"class":235},[44,33716,33717,33719,33721,33724,33726,33728],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,33718,100],{"class":99},[44,33720,103],{"class":58},[44,33722,33723],{"class":99},"dir",[44,33725,103],{"class":58},[44,33727,7041],{"class":89},[44,33729,993],{"class":58},[20,33731,1462,33732,33735],{},[15,33733,33734],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,33737,33738],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[35,33740,33742],{"className":37,"code":33741,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,33743,33744],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33745,33746,33748,33750,33753,33755,33757,33759,33762,33764,33766,33768,33771,33773,33775,33777,33780,33782,33784,33786,33789,33791,33793,33795,33798,33800,33802,33806,33808,33810,33812,33814,33816,33818,33821,33823,33825,33827,33830,33832],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33747,3270],{"class":58},[44,33749,1018],{"class":235},[44,33751,33752],{"class":239},"__add__",[44,33754,1018],{"class":235},[44,33756,66],{"class":58},[44,33758,1012],{"class":235},[44,33760,33761],{"class":239},"__class__",[44,33763,1018],{"class":235},[44,33765,66],{"class":58},[44,33767,1012],{"class":235},[44,33769,33770],{"class":239},"__contains__",[44,33772,1018],{"class":235},[44,33774,66],{"class":58},[44,33776,1012],{"class":235},[44,33778,33779],{"class":239},"__delattr__",[44,33781,1018],{"class":235},[44,33783,66],{"class":58},[44,33785,1012],{"class":235},[44,33787,33788],{"class":239},"__dir__",[44,33790,1018],{"class":235},[44,33792,66],{"class":58},[44,33794,1012],{"class":235},[44,33796,33797],{"class":239},"__doc__",[44,33799,1018],{"class":235},[44,33801,66],{"class":58},[44,33803,33805],{"class":33804},"s_hVV"," ...",[44,33807,66],{"class":58},[44,33809,1012],{"class":235},[44,33811,8014],{"class":239},[44,33813,1018],{"class":235},[44,33815,66],{"class":58},[44,33817,1012],{"class":235},[44,33819,33820],{"class":239},"split",[44,33822,1018],{"class":235},[44,33824,66],{"class":58},[44,33826,1012],{"class":235},[44,33828,33829],{"class":239},"upper",[44,33831,1018],{"class":235},[44,33833,3006],{"class":58},[20,33835,33836],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[131,33838,134,33840,137],{"id":33839},"what-dir-does",[15,33841,33662],{},[20,33843,33844,33846],{},[15,33845,33662],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,33848,33849],{},"It usually includes:",[145,33851,33852,33855,33858],{},[148,33853,33854],{},"attributes",[148,33856,33857],{},"methods",[148,33859,33860],{},"special Python names",[20,33862,10822],{},[145,33864,33865,33871,33874],{},[148,33866,33867,33868],{},"The result is a ",[30,33869,33870],{},"list of strings",[148,33872,33873],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[148,33875,33876],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,33878,33879,33880,33882],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,33881,33662],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[131,33884,175],{"id":174},[20,33886,33887,33889],{},[15,33888,33662],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[347,33891,33893,33895],{"id":33892},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,33894,33662],{}," with no argument",[20,33897,33898],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[35,33900,33902],{"className":37,"code":33901,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,33903,33904,33912,33924,33928],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33905,33906,33908,33910],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33907,2396],{"class":50},[44,33909,55],{"class":54},[44,33911,1956],{"class":62},[44,33913,33914,33916,33918,33920,33922],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,33915,7249],{"class":50},[44,33917,55],{"class":54},[44,33919,247],{"class":235},[44,33921,7050],{"class":239},[44,33923,2727],{"class":235},[44,33925,33926],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,33927,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,33929,33930,33932,33934,33936],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,33931,100],{"class":99},[44,33933,103],{"class":58},[44,33935,33723],{"class":99},[44,33937,6566],{"class":58},[20,33939,33940,33941,342,33943,33945],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,33942,1104],{},[15,33944,7041],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[347,33947,33949],{"id":33948},"dirobject",[15,33950,33734],{},[20,33952,33953],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[35,33955,33957],{"className":37,"code":33956,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,33958,33959,33977],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33960,33961,33963,33965,33967,33969,33971,33973,33975],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33962,100],{"class":99},[44,33964,103],{"class":58},[44,33966,33723],{"class":99},[44,33968,103],{"class":58},[44,33970,236],{"class":235},[44,33972,3214],{"class":239},[44,33974,236],{"class":235},[44,33976,993],{"class":58},[44,33978,33979,33981,33983,33985,33987,33989,33991,33993,33995,33997],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,33980,100],{"class":99},[44,33982,103],{"class":58},[44,33984,33723],{"class":99},[44,33986,2357],{"class":58},[44,33988,63],{"class":62},[44,33990,66],{"class":58},[44,33992,69],{"class":62},[44,33994,66],{"class":58},[44,33996,74],{"class":62},[44,33998,2370],{"class":58},[20,34000,34001],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[145,34003,34004,34006,34008,34011],{},[148,34005,4677],{},[148,34007,4668],{},[148,34009,34010],{},"modules",[148,34012,34013],{},"custom objects",[131,34015,350,34017,34019],{"id":34016},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34018,33662],{}," with a value",[20,34021,34022,34023,34025],{},"A common use of ",[15,34024,33662],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[347,34027,34029],{"id":34028},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[35,34031,34033],{"className":37,"code":34032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34034,34035,34048],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34036,34037,34040,34042,34044,34046],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34038,34039],{"class":50},"text ",[44,34041,55],{"class":54},[44,34043,247],{"class":235},[44,34045,3214],{"class":239},[44,34047,2727],{"class":235},[44,34049,34050,34052,34054,34056,34058,34061],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,34051,100],{"class":99},[44,34053,103],{"class":58},[44,34055,33723],{"class":99},[44,34057,103],{"class":58},[44,34059,34060],{"class":89},"text",[44,34062,993],{"class":58},[20,34064,34065],{},"You will see method names like:",[145,34067,34068,34072,34076,34080],{},[148,34069,34070],{},[15,34071,8014],{},[148,34073,34074],{},[15,34075,33829],{},[148,34077,34078],{},[15,34079,33820],{},[148,34081,34082],{},[15,34083,8008],{},[20,34085,34086],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[347,34088,34090],{"id":34089},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[35,34092,34094],{"className":37,"code":34093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34095,34096,34116],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34097,34098,34100,34102,34104,34106,34108,34110,34112,34114],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34099,51],{"class":50},[44,34101,55],{"class":54},[44,34103,2993],{"class":58},[44,34105,63],{"class":62},[44,34107,66],{"class":58},[44,34109,69],{"class":62},[44,34111,66],{"class":58},[44,34113,74],{"class":62},[44,34115,3006],{"class":58},[44,34117,34118,34120,34122,34124,34126,34128],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,34119,100],{"class":99},[44,34121,103],{"class":58},[44,34123,33723],{"class":99},[44,34125,103],{"class":58},[44,34127,83],{"class":89},[44,34129,993],{"class":58},[20,34131,34065],{},[145,34133,34134,34138,34142,34147],{},[148,34135,34136],{},[15,34137,12907],{},[148,34139,34140],{},[15,34141,25589],{},[148,34143,34144],{},[15,34145,34146],{},"remove",[148,34148,34149],{},[15,34150,34151],{},"sort",[20,34153,34154],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34156,34157,34158,34163,34164,34166],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[167,34159,34161],{"href":34160},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34162,1672],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34165,33662],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[131,34168,350,34170,33895],{"id":34169},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34171,33662],{},[20,34173,34174,34175,34177],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34176,33662],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34179,34180],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[35,34182,34184],{"className":37,"code":34183,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34185,34186,34195,34199,34210,34222,34226],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34187,34188,34190,34192],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34189,2396],{"class":50},[44,34191,55],{"class":54},[44,34193,34194],{"class":62}," 5\n",[44,34196,34197],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,34198,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,34200,34201,34204,34208],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,34202,34203],{"class":1008},"def",[44,34205,34207],{"class":34206},"sGLFI"," greet",[44,34209,20943],{"class":58},[44,34211,34212,34215,34217,34220],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,34213,34214],{"class":3245},"    return",[44,34216,247],{"class":235},[44,34218,34219],{"class":239},"Hello",[44,34221,2727],{"class":235},[44,34223,34224],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,34225,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,34227,34228,34230,34232,34234],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,34229,100],{"class":99},[44,34231,103],{"class":58},[44,34233,33723],{"class":99},[44,34235,6566],{"class":58},[20,34237,34238],{},"The output will include names like:",[145,34240,34241,34245],{},[148,34242,34243],{},[15,34244,1104],{},[148,34246,34247],{},[15,34248,34249],{},"greet",[20,34251,34252],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[145,34254,34255,34258,34261],{},[148,34256,34257],{},"what variables exist",[148,34259,34260],{},"what functions you have defined",[148,34262,34263],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34265,34266],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[131,34268,34270],{"id":34269},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34272,34273,34274,34276],{},"When you first use ",[15,34275,33662],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34278,1578],{},[35,34280,34281],{"className":37,"code":34032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,34282,34283,34295],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34284,34285,34287,34289,34291,34293],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34286,34039],{"class":50},[44,34288,55],{"class":54},[44,34290,247],{"class":235},[44,34292,3214],{"class":239},[44,34294,2727],{"class":235},[44,34296,34297,34299,34301,34303,34305,34307],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,34298,100],{"class":99},[44,34300,103],{"class":58},[44,34302,33723],{"class":99},[44,34304,103],{"class":58},[44,34306,34060],{"class":89},[44,34308,993],{"class":58},[20,34310,34311],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[145,34313,34314,34318,34322],{},[148,34315,34316],{},[15,34317,33761],{},[148,34319,34320],{},[15,34321,33797],{},[148,34323,34324],{},[15,34325,34326],{},"__len__",[20,34328,34329],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34331,34332],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[145,34334,34335,34339,34343,34347],{},[148,34336,34337],{},[15,34338,33829],{},[148,34340,34341],{},[15,34342,8014],{},[148,34344,34345],{},[15,34346,33820],{},[148,34348,34349],{},[15,34350,34351],{},"replace",[20,34353,34354],{},"A key point to remember:",[145,34356,34357,34365],{},[148,34358,34359,34361,34362],{},[15,34360,33662],{}," lists ",[30,34363,34364],{},"names only",[148,34366,34367,34368,34370],{},"it does ",[30,34369,604],{}," explain what each name does",[20,34372,34373,34374,86],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[167,34375,34377],{"href":34376},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34378,34379],{},"help()",[20,34381,4841],{},[35,34383,34385],{"className":37,"code":34384,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34386,34387,34399],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34388,34389,34391,34393,34395,34397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34390,7249],{"class":50},[44,34392,55],{"class":54},[44,34394,247],{"class":235},[44,34396,3214],{"class":239},[44,34398,2727],{"class":235},[44,34400,34401,34403,34405,34407,34409,34411],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,34402,31502],{"class":99},[44,34404,103],{"class":58},[44,34406,7041],{"class":89},[44,34408,86],{"class":58},[44,34410,33829],{"class":24098},[44,34412,108],{"class":58},[131,34414,34416,34418],{"id":34415},"dir-on-modules",[15,34417,33662],{}," on modules",[20,34420,15065,34421,34423],{},[15,34422,33662],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,34425,34426],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[347,34428,34430,34431,34433],{"id":34429},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,34432,17764],{}," module",[35,34435,34437],{"className":37,"code":34436,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,34438,34439,34447,34451],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34440,34441,34444],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34442,34443],{"class":3245},"import",[44,34445,34446],{"class":50}," math\n",[44,34448,34449],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,34450,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,34452,34453,34455,34457,34459,34461,34463],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,34454,100],{"class":99},[44,34456,103],{"class":58},[44,34458,33723],{"class":99},[44,34460,103],{"class":58},[44,34462,17764],{"class":89},[44,34464,993],{"class":58},[20,34466,34467],{},"You may see names like:",[145,34469,34470,34475,34480,34485],{},[148,34471,34472],{},[15,34473,34474],{},"sqrt",[148,34476,34477],{},[15,34478,34479],{},"ceil",[148,34481,34482],{},[15,34483,34484],{},"floor",[148,34486,34487],{},[15,34488,34489],{},"pi",[20,34491,34492],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,34494,34495],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[145,34497,34498,34504],{},[148,34499,34500],{},[167,34501,34503],{"href":34502},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[148,34505,34506],{},[167,34507,34509],{"href":34508},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[347,34511,34513],{"id":34512},"another-example","Another example",[35,34515,34517],{"className":37,"code":34516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,34518,34519,34526,34530],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34520,34521,34523],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34522,34443],{"class":3245},[44,34524,34525],{"class":50}," json\n",[44,34527,34528],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,34529,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,34531,34532,34534,34536,34538,34540,34543],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,34533,100],{"class":99},[44,34535,103],{"class":58},[44,34537,33723],{"class":99},[44,34539,103],{"class":58},[44,34541,34542],{"class":89},"json",[44,34544,993],{"class":58},[20,34546,34547,34548,1559,34551,1559,34554,16422,34557,86],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,34549,34550],{},"dump",[15,34552,34553],{},"dumps",[15,34555,34556],{},"load",[15,34558,34559],{},"loads",[131,34561,34563,9953,34565],{"id":34562},"dir-vs-help",[15,34564,33662],{},[15,34566,34379],{},[20,34568,34569,342,34571,34573],{},[15,34570,33662],{},[15,34572,34379],{}," are often used together.",[347,34575,34576],{"id":33723},[15,34577,33662],{},[145,34579,34580,34583],{},[148,34581,34582],{},"shows available names",[148,34584,34585],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[347,34587,34588],{"id":31502},[15,34589,34379],{},[145,34591,34592,34595],{},[148,34593,34594],{},"explains what an object or function does",[148,34596,34597],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,34599,34600],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[35,34602,34604],{"className":37,"code":34603,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34605,34606,34618,34622,34636],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34607,34608,34610,34612,34614,34616],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34609,7249],{"class":50},[44,34611,55],{"class":54},[44,34613,247],{"class":235},[44,34615,3214],{"class":239},[44,34617,2727],{"class":235},[44,34619,34620],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,34621,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,34623,34624,34626,34628,34630,34632,34634],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,34625,100],{"class":99},[44,34627,103],{"class":58},[44,34629,33723],{"class":99},[44,34631,103],{"class":58},[44,34633,7041],{"class":89},[44,34635,993],{"class":58},[44,34637,34638,34640,34642,34644,34646,34648],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,34639,31502],{"class":99},[44,34641,103],{"class":58},[44,34643,7041],{"class":89},[44,34645,86],{"class":58},[44,34647,33829],{"class":24098},[44,34649,108],{"class":58},[20,34651,1462,34652,34654,34655,34657,34658,34660],{},[15,34653,33662],{}," first to find a method name.",[577,34656],{},"\nThen use ",[15,34659,34379],{}," to understand how to use it.",[131,34662,24706],{"id":24705},[20,34664,34665],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[347,34667,34669,34671],{"id":34668},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,34670,33662],{}," returns names, not values",[20,34673,34674,34676],{},[15,34675,33662],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,34678,34679,34680,34682,34683,34686],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,34681,33829],{}," in ",[15,34684,34685],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[347,34688,34690],{"id":34689},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,34692,34693],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,34695,34696],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[347,34698,34700],{"id":34699},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,34702,34703],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,34705,4841],{},[145,34707,34708,34713,34719],{},[148,34709,34710,34712],{},[15,34711,34685],{}," shows string-related names",[148,34714,34715,34718],{},[15,34716,34717],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[148,34720,34721,34724,34725,34433],{},[15,34722,34723],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,34726,17764],{},[347,34728,34730],{"id":34729},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,34732,34733,34734,34736],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,34735,33662],{}," does not mean you already know:",[145,34738,34739,34742,34745],{},[148,34740,34741],{},"what it does",[148,34743,34744],{},"what arguments it needs",[148,34746,34747],{},"what it returns",[20,34749,34750,34751,34753],{},"That is why ",[15,34752,34379],{}," is the natural next step.",[131,34755,2200],{"id":2199},[20,34757,34758,34759,34761],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,34760,33662],{}," in these situations:",[145,34763,34764,34767,34776,34779],{},[148,34765,34766],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[148,34768,34769,34770,34775],{},"Seeing an ",[167,34771,34773],{"href":34772},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,34774,25020],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[148,34777,34778],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[148,34780,350,34781,34783,34784],{},[15,34782,33662],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,34785,34379],{},[20,34787,34788],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[35,34790,34792],{"className":37,"code":34791,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34793,34794,34806,34810,34824,34838],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34795,34796,34798,34800,34802,34804],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34797,7249],{"class":50},[44,34799,55],{"class":54},[44,34801,247],{"class":235},[44,34803,3214],{"class":239},[44,34805,2727],{"class":235},[44,34807,34808],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,34809,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,34811,34812,34814,34816,34818,34820,34822],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,34813,100],{"class":99},[44,34815,103],{"class":58},[44,34817,985],{"class":121},[44,34819,103],{"class":58},[44,34821,7041],{"class":89},[44,34823,993],{"class":58},[44,34825,34826,34828,34830,34832,34834,34836],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,34827,100],{"class":99},[44,34829,103],{"class":58},[44,34831,33723],{"class":99},[44,34833,103],{"class":58},[44,34835,7041],{"class":89},[44,34837,993],{"class":58},[44,34839,34840,34842,34844,34846,34848,34850],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,34841,31502],{"class":99},[44,34843,103],{"class":58},[44,34845,7041],{"class":89},[44,34847,86],{"class":58},[44,34849,33829],{"class":24098},[44,34851,108],{"class":58},[20,34853,34854],{},"And for modules:",[35,34856,34857],{"className":37,"code":34436,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,34858,34859,34865,34869],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34860,34861,34863],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34862,34443],{"class":3245},[44,34864,34446],{"class":50},[44,34866,34867],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,34868,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,34870,34871,34873,34875,34877,34879,34881],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,34872,100],{"class":99},[44,34874,103],{"class":58},[44,34876,33723],{"class":99},[44,34878,103],{"class":58},[44,34880,17764],{"class":89},[44,34882,993],{"class":58},[20,34884,34885],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[35,34887,34889],{"className":37,"code":34888,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,34890,34891,34896,34908,34918,34932,34938],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34892,34893],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34894,34895],{"class":50},"python\n",[44,34897,34898,34900,34902,34904,34906],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,34899,7249],{"class":50},[44,34901,55],{"class":54},[44,34903,247],{"class":235},[44,34905,3214],{"class":239},[44,34907,2727],{"class":235},[44,34909,34910,34912,34914,34916],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,34911,33723],{"class":99},[44,34913,103],{"class":58},[44,34915,7041],{"class":89},[44,34917,108],{"class":58},[44,34919,34920,34922,34924,34926,34928,34930],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,34921,31502],{"class":99},[44,34923,103],{"class":58},[44,34925,7041],{"class":89},[44,34927,86],{"class":58},[44,34929,33829],{"class":24098},[44,34931,108],{"class":58},[44,34933,34934,34936],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,34935,34443],{"class":3245},[44,34937,34446],{"class":50},[44,34939,34940,34942,34944,34946],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,34941,33723],{"class":99},[44,34943,103],{"class":58},[44,34945,17764],{"class":89},[44,34947,108],{"class":58},[131,34949,1196],{"id":1195},[347,34951,1200,34953,1203],{"id":34952},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,34954,33662],{},[20,34956,34957],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[347,34959,1234,34961,342,34963,1239],{"id":34960},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,34962,33662],{},[15,34964,34379],{},[20,34966,34967,34969,34970,34972],{},[15,34968,33662],{}," lists available names. ",[15,34971,34379],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[347,34974,34976,34977,34979],{"id":34975},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,34978,33662],{}," output?",[20,34981,34982],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[347,34984,4538,34986,34988,34989,1239],{"id":34985},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,34987,33662],{}," help fix ",[15,34990,25020],{},[20,34992,34993,34994,86],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[167,34995,34996],{"href":34772},"object has no attribute",[131,34998,1251],{"id":1250},[145,35000,35001,35007,35012,35016,35020],{},[148,35002,35003],{},[167,35004,2945,35005,2878],{"href":34376},[15,35006,34379],{},[148,35008,35009],{},[167,35010,35011],{"href":34772},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[148,35013,35014],{},[167,35015,34503],{"href":34502},[148,35017,35018],{},[167,35019,34509],{"href":34508},[148,35021,35022],{},[167,35023,2945,35024,2878],{"href":34160},[15,35025,1672],{},[20,35027,35028,35029,35031,35032,35034],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35030,33662],{}," together with ",[15,35033,34379],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1294,35036,35037],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":35039},[35040,35041,35043,35048,35053,35055,35056,35062,35067,35074,35075,35085],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":33839,"depth":80,"text":35042},"What dir() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175,"children":35044},[35045,35047],{"id":33892,"depth":96,"text":35046},"dir() with no argument",{"id":33948,"depth":96,"text":33734},{"id":34016,"depth":80,"text":35049,"children":35050},"Using dir() with a value",[35051,35052],{"id":34028,"depth":96,"text":34029},{"id":34089,"depth":96,"text":34090},{"id":34169,"depth":80,"text":35054},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34269,"depth":80,"text":34270},{"id":34415,"depth":80,"text":35057,"children":35058},"dir() on modules",[35059,35061],{"id":34429,"depth":96,"text":35060},"Example: math module",{"id":34512,"depth":96,"text":34513},{"id":34562,"depth":80,"text":35063,"children":35064},"dir() vs help()",[35065,35066],{"id":33723,"depth":96,"text":33662},{"id":31502,"depth":96,"text":34379},{"id":24705,"depth":80,"text":24706,"children":35068},[35069,35071,35072,35073],{"id":34668,"depth":96,"text":35070},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":34689,"depth":96,"text":34690},{"id":34699,"depth":96,"text":34700},{"id":34729,"depth":96,"text":34730},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":35076},[35077,35079,35081,35083],{"id":34952,"depth":96,"text":35078},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":34960,"depth":96,"text":35080},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":34975,"depth":96,"text":35082},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":34985,"depth":96,"text":35084},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":33654,"description":35086},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35093,"title":35094,"body":35095,"description":36914,"extension":1331,"meta":36915,"navigation":268,"path":36916,"seo":36917,"stem":36918,"__hash__":36919},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35096,"toc":36883},[35097,35103,35108,35111,35119,35125,35127,35207,35209,35235,35240,35245,35250,35253,35264,35267,35269,35348,35350,35376,35383,35385,35387,35412,35415,35428,35433,35435,35516,35518,35543,35552,35557,35565,35571,35578,35581,35583,35662,35665,35722,35724,35761,35767,35772,35777,35780,35794,35796,35899,35901,35944,35953,35963,35970,35976,35983,36066,36068,36091,36094,36097,36099,36103,36107,36110,36173,36196,36199,36203,36209,36211,36278,36281,36358,36363,36369,36372,36375,36421,36423,36447,36452,36456,36461,36467,36530,36533,36535,36538,36563,36566,36701,36703,36804,36806,36811,36814,36820,36830,36838,36843,36849,36855,36857,36880],[10,35098,2945,35100,2949],{"id":35099},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35101,35102],{},"enumerate()",[20,35104,35105,35107],{},[15,35106,35102],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35109,35110],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[145,35112,35113,35116],{},[148,35114,35115],{},"the item itself",[148,35117,35118],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35120,35121,35122,35124],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35123,35102],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[131,35126,1372],{"id":1371},[35,35128,35130],{"className":37,"code":35129,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35131,35132,35164,35168,35191],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35133,35134,35136,35138,35140,35142,35144,35146,35148,35150,35152,35154,35156,35158,35160,35162],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35135,228],{"class":50},[44,35137,55],{"class":54},[44,35139,2993],{"class":58},[44,35141,236],{"class":235},[44,35143,240],{"class":239},[44,35145,236],{"class":235},[44,35147,66],{"class":58},[44,35149,247],{"class":235},[44,35151,250],{"class":239},[44,35153,236],{"class":235},[44,35155,66],{"class":58},[44,35157,247],{"class":235},[44,35159,259],{"class":239},[44,35161,236],{"class":235},[44,35163,3006],{"class":58},[44,35165,35166],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,35167,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,35169,35170,35172,35175,35177,35180,35182,35185,35187,35189],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,35171,5328],{"class":3245},[44,35173,35174],{"class":50}," index",[44,35176,66],{"class":58},[44,35178,35179],{"class":50}," color ",[44,35181,3252],{"class":3245},[44,35183,35184],{"class":99}," enumerate",[44,35186,103],{"class":58},[44,35188,274],{"class":89},[44,35190,7716],{"class":58},[44,35192,35193,35195,35197,35200,35202,35205],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,35194,7442],{"class":99},[44,35196,103],{"class":58},[44,35198,35199],{"class":89},"index",[44,35201,66],{"class":58},[44,35203,35204],{"class":89}," color",[44,35206,108],{"class":58},[20,35208,111],{},[35,35210,35212],{"className":37,"code":35211,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35213,35214,35221,35228],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35215,35216,35218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35217,1490],{"class":62},[44,35219,35220],{"class":50}," red\n",[44,35222,35223,35225],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,35224,63],{"class":62},[44,35226,35227],{"class":50}," green\n",[44,35229,35230,35232],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,35231,1426],{"class":62},[44,35233,35234],{"class":50}," blue\n",[20,35236,1462,35237,35239],{},[15,35238,35102],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[131,35241,134,35243,137],{"id":35242},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35244,35102],{},[20,35246,35247,35249],{},[15,35248,35102],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35251,35252],{},"It is commonly used with:",[145,35254,35255,35257,35259,35261],{},[148,35256,4668],{},[148,35258,4671],{},[148,35260,4677],{},[148,35262,35263],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35265,35266],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35268,1578],{},[35,35270,35272],{"className":37,"code":35271,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35273,35274,35308,35312,35333],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35275,35276,35278,35280,35282,35284,35286,35288,35290,35292,35295,35297,35299,35301,35304,35306],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35277,4365],{"class":50},[44,35279,55],{"class":54},[44,35281,2993],{"class":58},[44,35283,236],{"class":235},[44,35285,12237],{"class":239},[44,35287,236],{"class":235},[44,35289,66],{"class":58},[44,35291,247],{"class":235},[44,35293,35294],{"class":239},"Ben",[44,35296,236],{"class":235},[44,35298,66],{"class":58},[44,35300,247],{"class":235},[44,35302,35303],{"class":239},"Cara",[44,35305,236],{"class":235},[44,35307,3006],{"class":58},[44,35309,35310],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,35311,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,35313,35314,35316,35318,35320,35323,35325,35327,35329,35331],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,35315,5328],{"class":3245},[44,35317,35174],{"class":50},[44,35319,66],{"class":58},[44,35321,35322],{"class":50}," name ",[44,35324,3252],{"class":3245},[44,35326,35184],{"class":99},[44,35328,103],{"class":58},[44,35330,4409],{"class":89},[44,35332,7716],{"class":58},[44,35334,35335,35337,35339,35341,35343,35346],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,35336,7442],{"class":99},[44,35338,103],{"class":58},[44,35340,35199],{"class":89},[44,35342,66],{"class":58},[44,35344,35345],{"class":89}," name",[44,35347,108],{"class":58},[20,35349,111],{},[35,35351,35353],{"className":37,"code":35352,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35354,35355,35362,35369],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35356,35357,35359],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35358,1490],{"class":62},[44,35360,35361],{"class":50}," Ana\n",[44,35363,35364,35366],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,35365,63],{"class":62},[44,35367,35368],{"class":50}," Ben\n",[44,35370,35371,35373],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,35372,1426],{"class":62},[44,35374,35375],{"class":50}," Cara\n",[20,35377,35378,35379,86],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[167,35380,35382],{"href":35381},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[131,35384,175],{"id":174},[20,35386,1530],{},[35,35388,35390],{"className":37,"code":35389,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35391,35392],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35393,35394,35397,35399,35401,35403,35406,35408,35410],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35395,35396],{"class":99},"enumerate",[44,35398,103],{"class":58},[44,35400,3091],{"class":89},[44,35402,66],{"class":58},[44,35404,35405],{"class":8546}," start",[44,35407,55],{"class":54},[44,35409,1490],{"class":62},[44,35411,108],{"class":58},[20,35413,35414],{},"It has two parts:",[145,35416,35417,35422],{},[148,35418,35419,35421],{},[15,35420,3091],{},": the object you want to loop through",[148,35423,35424,35427],{},[15,35425,35426],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,35429,35430,35431,86],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,35432,1490],{},[20,35434,1578],{},[35,35436,35438],{"className":37,"code":35437,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,35439,35440,35473,35477,35500],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35441,35442,35445,35447,35449,35451,35453,35455,35457,35459,35461,35463,35465,35467,35469,35471],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35443,35444],{"class":50},"letters ",[44,35446,55],{"class":54},[44,35448,2993],{"class":58},[44,35450,236],{"class":235},[44,35452,167],{"class":239},[44,35454,236],{"class":235},[44,35456,66],{"class":58},[44,35458,247],{"class":235},[44,35460,1164],{"class":239},[44,35462,236],{"class":235},[44,35464,66],{"class":58},[44,35466,247],{"class":235},[44,35468,9109],{"class":239},[44,35470,236],{"class":235},[44,35472,3006],{"class":58},[44,35474,35475],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,35476,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,35478,35479,35481,35484,35486,35489,35491,35493,35495,35498],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,35480,5328],{"class":3245},[44,35482,35483],{"class":50}," i",[44,35485,66],{"class":58},[44,35487,35488],{"class":50}," letter ",[44,35490,3252],{"class":3245},[44,35492,35184],{"class":99},[44,35494,103],{"class":58},[44,35496,35497],{"class":89},"letters",[44,35499,7716],{"class":58},[44,35501,35502,35504,35506,35509,35511,35514],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,35503,7442],{"class":99},[44,35505,103],{"class":58},[44,35507,35508],{"class":89},"i",[44,35510,66],{"class":58},[44,35512,35513],{"class":89}," letter",[44,35515,108],{"class":58},[20,35517,111],{},[35,35519,35521],{"className":37,"code":35520,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,35522,35523,35529,35536],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35524,35525,35527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35526,1490],{"class":62},[44,35528,1127],{"class":50},[44,35530,35531,35533],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,35532,63],{"class":62},[44,35534,35535],{"class":50}," b\n",[44,35537,35538,35540],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,35539,1426],{"class":62},[44,35541,35542],{"class":50}," c\n",[20,35544,35545,35546,86],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[167,35547,2945,35549,2878],{"href":35548},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,35550,35551],{},"range()",[131,35553,134,35555,11065],{"id":35554},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,35556,35102],{},[20,35558,35559,35561,35562,86],{},[15,35560,35102],{}," returns an ",[30,35563,35564],{},"enumerate object",[20,35566,35567,35568,35570],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,35569,5328],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[145,35572,35573],{},[148,35574,35575],{},[15,35576,35577],{},"(index, item)",[20,35579,35580],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,35582,1578],{},[35,35584,35586],{"className":37,"code":35585,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,35587,35588,35621,35625,35647],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35589,35590,35593,35595,35597,35599,35601,35603,35605,35607,35609,35611,35613,35615,35617,35619],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35591,35592],{"class":50},"fruits ",[44,35594,55],{"class":54},[44,35596,2993],{"class":58},[44,35598,236],{"class":235},[44,35600,3450],{"class":239},[44,35602,236],{"class":235},[44,35604,66],{"class":58},[44,35606,247],{"class":235},[44,35608,3459],{"class":239},[44,35610,236],{"class":235},[44,35612,66],{"class":58},[44,35614,247],{"class":235},[44,35616,32571],{"class":239},[44,35618,236],{"class":235},[44,35620,3006],{"class":58},[44,35622,35623],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,35624,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,35626,35627,35629,35631,35633,35636,35638,35640,35642,35645],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,35628,5328],{"class":3245},[44,35630,35174],{"class":50},[44,35632,66],{"class":58},[44,35634,35635],{"class":50}," fruit ",[44,35637,3252],{"class":3245},[44,35639,35184],{"class":99},[44,35641,103],{"class":58},[44,35643,35644],{"class":89},"fruits",[44,35646,7716],{"class":58},[44,35648,35649,35651,35653,35655,35657,35660],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,35650,7442],{"class":99},[44,35652,103],{"class":58},[44,35654,35199],{"class":89},[44,35656,66],{"class":58},[44,35658,35659],{"class":89}," fruit",[44,35661,108],{"class":58},[20,35663,35664],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[35,35666,35668],{"className":37,"code":35667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,35669,35670,35690,35694,35712],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35671,35672,35674,35676,35678,35680,35682,35684,35686,35688],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35673,51],{"class":50},[44,35675,55],{"class":54},[44,35677,2993],{"class":58},[44,35679,1701],{"class":62},[44,35681,66],{"class":58},[44,35683,7163],{"class":62},[44,35685,66],{"class":58},[44,35687,7168],{"class":62},[44,35689,3006],{"class":58},[44,35691,35692],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,35693,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,35695,35696,35698,35700,35702,35704,35706,35708,35710],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,35697,644],{"class":50},[44,35699,55],{"class":54},[44,35701,21907],{"class":121},[44,35703,103],{"class":58},[44,35705,35396],{"class":99},[44,35707,103],{"class":58},[44,35709,83],{"class":89},[44,35711,993],{"class":58},[44,35713,35714,35716,35718,35720],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,35715,100],{"class":99},[44,35717,103],{"class":58},[44,35719,668],{"class":89},[44,35721,108],{"class":58},[20,35723,111],{},[35,35725,35727],{"className":37,"code":35726,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,35728,35729],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35730,35731,35733,35735,35737,35739,35741,35743,35745,35747,35749,35751,35753,35755,35757,35759],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35732,21088],{"class":58},[44,35734,1490],{"class":62},[44,35736,66],{"class":58},[44,35738,5375],{"class":62},[44,35740,8604],{"class":58},[44,35742,8607],{"class":58},[44,35744,63],{"class":62},[44,35746,66],{"class":58},[44,35748,7163],{"class":62},[44,35750,8604],{"class":58},[44,35752,8607],{"class":58},[44,35754,1426],{"class":62},[44,35756,66],{"class":58},[44,35758,7168],{"class":62},[44,35760,8620],{"class":58},[20,35762,35763,35764,35766],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,35765,35102],{}," produces.",[131,35768,4331,35770],{"id":35769},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,35771,35102],{},[20,35773,1462,35774,35776],{},[15,35775,35102],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,35778,35779],{},"Common cases:",[145,35781,35782,35785,35788,35791],{},[148,35783,35784],{},"printing numbered output",[148,35786,35787],{},"building menus",[148,35789,35790],{},"showing positions in a list",[148,35792,35793],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,35795,1578],{},[35,35797,35799],{"className":37,"code":35798,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,35800,35801,35836,35840,35870],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35802,35803,35805,35807,35809,35811,35814,35816,35818,35820,35823,35825,35827,35829,35832,35834],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35804,29246],{"class":50},[44,35806,55],{"class":54},[44,35808,2993],{"class":58},[44,35810,236],{"class":235},[44,35812,35813],{"class":239},"Wash dishes",[44,35815,236],{"class":235},[44,35817,66],{"class":58},[44,35819,247],{"class":235},[44,35821,35822],{"class":239},"Study Python",[44,35824,236],{"class":235},[44,35826,66],{"class":58},[44,35828,247],{"class":235},[44,35830,35831],{"class":239},"Go for a walk",[44,35833,236],{"class":235},[44,35835,3006],{"class":58},[44,35837,35838],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,35839,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,35841,35842,35844,35846,35848,35851,35853,35855,35857,35860,35862,35864,35866,35868],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,35843,5328],{"class":3245},[44,35845,1567],{"class":50},[44,35847,66],{"class":58},[44,35849,35850],{"class":50}," task ",[44,35852,3252],{"class":3245},[44,35854,35184],{"class":99},[44,35856,103],{"class":58},[44,35858,35859],{"class":89},"tasks",[44,35861,66],{"class":58},[44,35863,35405],{"class":8546},[44,35865,55],{"class":54},[44,35867,63],{"class":62},[44,35869,7716],{"class":58},[44,35871,35872,35874,35876,35878,35880,35882,35884,35886,35888,35890,35893,35895,35897],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,35873,7442],{"class":99},[44,35875,103],{"class":58},[44,35877,21641],{"class":1008},[44,35879,236],{"class":239},[44,35881,550],{"class":62},[44,35883,1610],{"class":89},[44,35885,21650],{"class":62},[44,35887,27662],{"class":239},[44,35889,550],{"class":62},[44,35891,35892],{"class":89},"task",[44,35894,21650],{"class":62},[44,35896,236],{"class":239},[44,35898,108],{"class":58},[20,35900,111],{},[35,35902,35904],{"className":37,"code":35903,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,35905,35906,35918,35930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35907,35908,35910,35912,35915],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35909,63],{"class":62},[44,35911,86],{"class":58},[44,35913,35914],{"class":24098}," Wash",[44,35916,35917],{"class":50}," dishes\n",[44,35919,35920,35922,35924,35927],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,35921,1426],{"class":62},[44,35923,86],{"class":58},[44,35925,35926],{"class":24098}," Study",[44,35928,35929],{"class":50}," Python\n",[44,35931,35932,35934,35936,35939,35941],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,35933,1432],{"class":62},[44,35935,86],{"class":58},[44,35937,35938],{"class":24098}," Go",[44,35940,3246],{"class":3245},[44,35942,35943],{"class":50}," a walk\n",[20,35945,35946,35947,35949,35950,86],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,35948,35102],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,35951,35952],{},"range(len(...))",[20,35954,35955,35956,86],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[167,35957,35959,35960,35962],{"href":35958},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,35961,35102],{}," in Python",[131,35964,35966,35967,35969],{"id":35965},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,35968,35426],{}," argument",[20,35971,35972,35973,35975],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,35974,35426],{}," argument.",[20,35977,35978,35979,10459,35981,2255],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,35980,63],{},[15,35982,1490],{},[35,35984,35986],{"className":37,"code":35985,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35987,35988,36020,36024,36052],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35989,35990,35992,35994,35996,35998,36000,36002,36004,36006,36008,36010,36012,36014,36016,36018],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35991,228],{"class":50},[44,35993,55],{"class":54},[44,35995,2993],{"class":58},[44,35997,236],{"class":235},[44,35999,240],{"class":239},[44,36001,236],{"class":235},[44,36003,66],{"class":58},[44,36005,247],{"class":235},[44,36007,250],{"class":239},[44,36009,236],{"class":235},[44,36011,66],{"class":58},[44,36013,247],{"class":235},[44,36015,259],{"class":239},[44,36017,236],{"class":235},[44,36019,3006],{"class":58},[44,36021,36022],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,36023,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,36025,36026,36028,36030,36032,36034,36036,36038,36040,36042,36044,36046,36048,36050],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,36027,5328],{"class":3245},[44,36029,35174],{"class":50},[44,36031,66],{"class":58},[44,36033,35179],{"class":50},[44,36035,3252],{"class":3245},[44,36037,35184],{"class":99},[44,36039,103],{"class":58},[44,36041,274],{"class":89},[44,36043,66],{"class":58},[44,36045,35405],{"class":8546},[44,36047,55],{"class":54},[44,36049,63],{"class":62},[44,36051,7716],{"class":58},[44,36053,36054,36056,36058,36060,36062,36064],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,36055,7442],{"class":99},[44,36057,103],{"class":58},[44,36059,35199],{"class":89},[44,36061,66],{"class":58},[44,36063,35204],{"class":89},[44,36065,108],{"class":58},[20,36067,111],{},[35,36069,36071],{"className":37,"code":36070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36072,36073,36079,36085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36074,36075,36077],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36076,63],{"class":62},[44,36078,35220],{"class":50},[44,36080,36081,36083],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,36082,1426],{"class":62},[44,36084,35227],{"class":50},[44,36086,36087,36089],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,36088,1432],{"class":62},[44,36090,35234],{"class":50},[20,36092,36093],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36095,36096],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[131,36098,24706],{"id":24705},[20,36100,24709,36101,86],{},[15,36102,35102],{},[347,36104,36106],{"id":36105},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36108,36109],{},"In this loop:",[35,36111,36113],{"className":37,"code":36112,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36114,36115,36135,36139,36159],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36116,36117,36119,36121,36123,36125,36127,36129,36131,36133],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36118,51],{"class":50},[44,36120,55],{"class":54},[44,36122,2993],{"class":58},[44,36124,1701],{"class":62},[44,36126,66],{"class":58},[44,36128,7163],{"class":62},[44,36130,66],{"class":58},[44,36132,7168],{"class":62},[44,36134,3006],{"class":58},[44,36136,36137],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,36138,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,36140,36141,36143,36145,36147,36149,36151,36153,36155,36157],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,36142,5328],{"class":3245},[44,36144,35174],{"class":50},[44,36146,66],{"class":58},[44,36148,20932],{"class":50},[44,36150,3252],{"class":3245},[44,36152,35184],{"class":99},[44,36154,103],{"class":58},[44,36156,83],{"class":89},[44,36158,7716],{"class":58},[44,36160,36161,36163,36165,36167,36169,36171],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,36162,7442],{"class":99},[44,36164,103],{"class":58},[44,36166,35199],{"class":89},[44,36168,66],{"class":58},[44,36170,7807],{"class":89},[44,36172,108],{"class":58},[145,36174,36175,36185],{},[148,36176,36177,4153,36179,1559,36181,1559,36183],{},[15,36178,35199],{},[15,36180,1490],{},[15,36182,63],{},[15,36184,1426],{},[148,36186,36187,4153,36189,1559,36191,1559,36193],{},[15,36188,1843],{},[15,36190,1701],{},[15,36192,15105],{},[15,36194,36195],{},"30",[20,36197,36198],{},"These are different things.",[347,36200,36202],{"id":36201},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36204,36205,36206,36208],{},"Each item from ",[15,36207,35102],{}," is a pair.",[20,36210,6059],{},[35,36212,36214],{"className":37,"code":36213,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36215,36216,36240,36244,36264],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36217,36218,36220,36222,36224,36226,36228,36230,36232,36234,36236,36238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36219,362],{"class":50},[44,36221,55],{"class":54},[44,36223,2993],{"class":58},[44,36225,236],{"class":235},[44,36227,1104],{"class":239},[44,36229,236],{"class":235},[44,36231,66],{"class":58},[44,36233,247],{"class":235},[44,36235,1113],{"class":239},[44,36237,236],{"class":235},[44,36239,3006],{"class":58},[44,36241,36242],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,36243,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,36245,36246,36248,36250,36252,36254,36256,36258,36260,36262],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,36247,5328],{"class":3245},[44,36249,35483],{"class":50},[44,36251,66],{"class":58},[44,36253,5331],{"class":50},[44,36255,3252],{"class":3245},[44,36257,35184],{"class":99},[44,36259,103],{"class":58},[44,36261,397],{"class":89},[44,36263,7716],{"class":58},[44,36265,36266,36268,36270,36272,36274,36276],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,36267,7442],{"class":99},[44,36269,103],{"class":58},[44,36271,35508],{"class":89},[44,36273,66],{"class":58},[44,36275,28855],{"class":89},[44,36277,108],{"class":58},[20,36279,36280],{},"But this causes an error:",[35,36282,36284],{"className":37,"code":36283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36285,36286,36310,36314,36339],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36287,36288,36290,36292,36294,36296,36298,36300,36302,36304,36306,36308],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36289,362],{"class":50},[44,36291,55],{"class":54},[44,36293,2993],{"class":58},[44,36295,236],{"class":235},[44,36297,1104],{"class":239},[44,36299,236],{"class":235},[44,36301,66],{"class":58},[44,36303,247],{"class":235},[44,36305,1113],{"class":239},[44,36307,236],{"class":235},[44,36309,3006],{"class":58},[44,36311,36312],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,36313,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,36315,36316,36318,36320,36322,36324,36326,36329,36331,36333,36335,36337],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,36317,5328],{"class":3245},[44,36319,35483],{"class":50},[44,36321,66],{"class":58},[44,36323,28855],{"class":50},[44,36325,66],{"class":58},[44,36327,36328],{"class":50}," extra ",[44,36330,3252],{"class":3245},[44,36332,35184],{"class":99},[44,36334,103],{"class":58},[44,36336,397],{"class":89},[44,36338,7716],{"class":58},[44,36340,36341,36343,36345,36347,36349,36351,36353,36356],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,36342,7442],{"class":99},[44,36344,103],{"class":58},[44,36346,35508],{"class":89},[44,36348,66],{"class":58},[44,36350,28855],{"class":89},[44,36352,66],{"class":58},[44,36354,36355],{"class":89}," extra",[44,36357,108],{"class":58},[20,36359,1187,36360,36362],{},[15,36361,35102],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[347,36364,36366,36368],{"id":36365},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36367,35102],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36370,36371],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36373,36374],{},"Example with a string:",[35,36376,36378],{"className":37,"code":36377,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36379,36380,36406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36381,36382,36384,36386,36388,36391,36393,36395,36397,36399,36402,36404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36383,5328],{"class":3245},[44,36385,35174],{"class":50},[44,36387,66],{"class":58},[44,36389,36390],{"class":50}," char ",[44,36392,3252],{"class":3245},[44,36394,35184],{"class":99},[44,36396,103],{"class":58},[44,36398,236],{"class":235},[44,36400,36401],{"class":239},"cat",[44,36403,236],{"class":235},[44,36405,7716],{"class":58},[44,36407,36408,36410,36412,36414,36416,36419],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,36409,7442],{"class":99},[44,36411,103],{"class":58},[44,36413,35199],{"class":89},[44,36415,66],{"class":58},[44,36417,36418],{"class":89}," char",[44,36420,108],{"class":58},[20,36422,111],{},[35,36424,36426],{"className":37,"code":36425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,36427,36428,36434,36440],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36429,36430,36432],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36431,1490],{"class":62},[44,36433,35542],{"class":50},[44,36435,36436,36438],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,36437,63],{"class":62},[44,36439,1127],{"class":50},[44,36441,36442,36444],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,36443,1426],{"class":62},[44,36445,36446],{"class":50}," t\n",[20,36448,36449,36450,86],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[167,36451,4507],{"href":4956},[347,36453,36455],{"id":36454},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,36457,36458,36459,86],{},"You do not always need ",[15,36460,35102],{},[20,36462,36463,36464,36466],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,36465,5328],{}," loop:",[35,36468,36470],{"className":37,"code":36469,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,36471,36472,36504,36508,36520],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36473,36474,36476,36478,36480,36482,36484,36486,36488,36490,36492,36494,36496,36498,36500,36502],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36475,228],{"class":50},[44,36477,55],{"class":54},[44,36479,2993],{"class":58},[44,36481,236],{"class":235},[44,36483,240],{"class":239},[44,36485,236],{"class":235},[44,36487,66],{"class":58},[44,36489,247],{"class":235},[44,36491,250],{"class":239},[44,36493,236],{"class":235},[44,36495,66],{"class":58},[44,36497,247],{"class":235},[44,36499,259],{"class":239},[44,36501,236],{"class":235},[44,36503,3006],{"class":58},[44,36505,36506],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,36507,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,36509,36510,36512,36514,36516,36518],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,36511,5328],{"class":3245},[44,36513,35179],{"class":50},[44,36515,3252],{"class":3245},[44,36517,12477],{"class":50},[44,36519,5764],{"class":58},[44,36521,36522,36524,36526,36528],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,36523,7442],{"class":99},[44,36525,103],{"class":58},[44,36527,32241],{"class":89},[44,36529,108],{"class":58},[20,36531,36532],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[131,36534,2200],{"id":2199},[20,36536,36537],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[145,36539,36540,36545,36551,36556],{},[148,36541,22448,36542,36544],{},[15,36543,35102],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[148,36546,36547,36548,36550],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,36549,1490],{}," by default",[148,36552,350,36553,36555],{},[15,36554,35102],{}," when only values are needed",[148,36557,36558,36559,8078,36561],{},"Confusing ",[15,36560,35102],{},[15,36562,35551],{},[20,36564,36565],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[35,36567,36569],{"className":37,"code":36568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,36570,36571,36593,36620,36654,36687],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36572,36573,36575,36577,36579,36581,36583,36585,36587,36589,36591],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36574,100],{"class":99},[44,36576,103],{"class":58},[44,36578,35396],{"class":99},[44,36580,2357],{"class":58},[44,36582,1701],{"class":62},[44,36584,66],{"class":58},[44,36586,7163],{"class":62},[44,36588,66],{"class":58},[44,36590,7168],{"class":62},[44,36592,2370],{"class":58},[44,36594,36595,36597,36599,36601,36603,36605,36607,36609,36611,36613,36615,36617],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,36596,100],{"class":99},[44,36598,103],{"class":58},[44,36600,7467],{"class":121},[44,36602,103],{"class":58},[44,36604,35396],{"class":99},[44,36606,2357],{"class":58},[44,36608,1701],{"class":62},[44,36610,66],{"class":58},[44,36612,7163],{"class":62},[44,36614,66],{"class":58},[44,36616,7168],{"class":62},[44,36618,36619],{"class":58},"])))\n",[44,36621,36622,36624,36626,36628,36630,36632,36634,36636,36638,36640,36642,36644,36646,36648,36650,36652],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,36623,100],{"class":99},[44,36625,103],{"class":58},[44,36627,7467],{"class":121},[44,36629,103],{"class":58},[44,36631,35396],{"class":99},[44,36633,2357],{"class":58},[44,36635,1701],{"class":62},[44,36637,66],{"class":58},[44,36639,7163],{"class":62},[44,36641,66],{"class":58},[44,36643,7168],{"class":62},[44,36645,17409],{"class":58},[44,36647,35405],{"class":8546},[44,36649,55],{"class":54},[44,36651,63],{"class":62},[44,36653,2283],{"class":58},[44,36655,36656,36658,36660,36662,36664,36666,36668,36670,36672,36674,36676,36678,36680,36682,36684],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,36657,5328],{"class":3245},[44,36659,35483],{"class":50},[44,36661,66],{"class":58},[44,36663,20932],{"class":50},[44,36665,3252],{"class":3245},[44,36667,35184],{"class":99},[44,36669,2357],{"class":58},[44,36671,1018],{"class":235},[44,36673,167],{"class":239},[44,36675,1018],{"class":235},[44,36677,66],{"class":58},[44,36679,1012],{"class":235},[44,36681,1164],{"class":239},[44,36683,1018],{"class":235},[44,36685,36686],{"class":58},"]):\n",[44,36688,36689,36691,36693,36695,36697,36699],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,36690,7442],{"class":99},[44,36692,103],{"class":58},[44,36694,35508],{"class":89},[44,36696,66],{"class":58},[44,36698,7807],{"class":89},[44,36700,108],{"class":58},[20,36702,16308],{},[35,36704,36706],{"className":37,"code":36705,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,36707,36708,36728,36760,36792,36798],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36709,36710,36712,36714,36716,36719,36723,36726],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36711,1005],{"class":54},[44,36713,35396],{"class":99},[44,36715,23965],{"class":121},[44,36717,36718],{"class":50}," at ",[44,36720,36722],{"class":36721},"srjyR","0x",[44,36724,36725],{"class":33804},"...",[44,36727,1021],{"class":54},[44,36729,36730,36732,36734,36736,36738,36740,36742,36744,36746,36748,36750,36752,36754,36756,36758],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,36731,21088],{"class":58},[44,36733,1490],{"class":62},[44,36735,66],{"class":58},[44,36737,5375],{"class":62},[44,36739,8604],{"class":58},[44,36741,8607],{"class":58},[44,36743,63],{"class":62},[44,36745,66],{"class":58},[44,36747,7163],{"class":62},[44,36749,8604],{"class":58},[44,36751,8607],{"class":58},[44,36753,1426],{"class":62},[44,36755,66],{"class":58},[44,36757,7168],{"class":62},[44,36759,8620],{"class":58},[44,36761,36762,36764,36766,36768,36770,36772,36774,36776,36778,36780,36782,36784,36786,36788,36790],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,36763,21088],{"class":58},[44,36765,63],{"class":62},[44,36767,66],{"class":58},[44,36769,5375],{"class":62},[44,36771,8604],{"class":58},[44,36773,8607],{"class":58},[44,36775,1426],{"class":62},[44,36777,66],{"class":58},[44,36779,7163],{"class":62},[44,36781,8604],{"class":58},[44,36783,8607],{"class":58},[44,36785,1432],{"class":62},[44,36787,66],{"class":58},[44,36789,7168],{"class":62},[44,36791,8620],{"class":58},[44,36793,36794,36796],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,36795,1490],{"class":62},[44,36797,1127],{"class":50},[44,36799,36800,36802],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,36801,63],{"class":62},[44,36803,35535],{"class":50},[131,36805,1196],{"id":1195},[347,36807,1200,36809,1203],{"id":36808},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,36810,35102],{},[20,36812,36813],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[347,36815,1212,36817,36819],{"id":36816},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,36818,35102],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,36821,36822,36823,36825,36826,36829],{},"It starts at ",[15,36824,1490],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,36827,36828],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[347,36831,20768,36833,10459,36835,1239],{"id":36832},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,36834,35102],{},[15,36836,36837],{},"range(len(list))",[20,36839,35946,36840,36842],{},[15,36841,35102],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[347,36844,4538,36846,36848],{"id":36845},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,36847,35102],{}," be used with strings?",[20,36850,36851,36852,36854],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,36853,35102],{}," can return each character with its index.",[131,36856,1251],{"id":1250},[145,36858,36859,36863,36869,36876],{},[148,36860,36861],{},[167,36862,35382],{"href":35381},[148,36864,36865],{},[167,36866,2945,36867,2878],{"href":35548},[15,36868,35551],{},[148,36870,36871],{},[167,36872,36873,36874,35962],{"href":35958},"How to use ",[15,36875,35102],{},[148,36877,36878],{},[167,36879,4584],{"href":4956},[1294,36881,36882],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":36884},[36885,36886,36888,36889,36891,36893,36895,36902,36903,36913],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":35242,"depth":80,"text":36887},"What enumerate() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":35554,"depth":80,"text":36890},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":35769,"depth":80,"text":36892},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":35965,"depth":80,"text":36894},"Using the start argument",{"id":24705,"depth":80,"text":24706,"children":36896},[36897,36898,36899,36901],{"id":36105,"depth":96,"text":36106},{"id":36201,"depth":96,"text":36202},{"id":36365,"depth":96,"text":36900},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36454,"depth":96,"text":36455},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":36904},[36905,36907,36909,36911],{"id":36808,"depth":96,"text":36906},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":36816,"depth":96,"text":36908},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":36832,"depth":96,"text":36910},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":36845,"depth":96,"text":36912},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35094,"description":36914},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":36921,"title":36922,"body":36923,"description":39439,"extension":1331,"meta":39440,"navigation":268,"path":39441,"seo":39442,"stem":39443,"__hash__":39444},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":36924,"toc":39396},[36925,36931,36936,36939,36947,36961,36963,37054,37062,37067,37072,37074,37090,37092,37171,37173,37190,37196,37200,37202,37223,37227,37230,37242,37246,37249,37252,37269,37272,37348,37350,37367,37372,37376,37384,37387,37402,37404,37493,37495,37540,37543,37547,37550,37629,37631,37653,37656,37663,37668,37671,37774,37776,37801,37804,37811,37817,37822,37825,37836,37942,37944,37965,37973,37980,37986,38005,38010,38013,38032,38034,38119,38121,38150,38153,38158,38163,38166,38177,38179,38268,38270,38290,38296,38402,38404,38424,38427,38511,38513,38533,38540,38542,38546,38552,38555,38612,38615,38618,38679,38688,38691,38694,38722,38725,38785,38787,38804,38808,38811,38889,38891,38911,38914,38989,38993,38996,38998,39007,39012,39014,39065,39073,39085,39090,39151,39153,39170,39174,39237,39239,39264,39272,39274,39280,39286,39293,39301,39307,39310,39317,39327,39333,39339,39342,39359,39365,39367,39393],[10,36926,2945,36928,2949],{"id":36927},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,36929,36930],{},"filter()",[20,36932,36933,36935],{},[15,36934,36930],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,36937,36938],{},"It takes:",[145,36940,36941,36944],{},[148,36942,36943],{},"a function that checks each item",[148,36945,36946],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,36948,36949,36950,36953,36954,36957,36958,36960],{},"The result is ",[30,36951,36952],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,36955,36956],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,36959,24129],{}," to see the values.",[131,36962,1372],{"id":1371},[35,36964,36966],{"className":37,"code":36965,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,36967,36968,37001,37037],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36969,36970,36972,36974,36976,36978,36980,36982,36984,36986,36988,36990,36992,36994,36996,36999],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36971,51],{"class":50},[44,36973,55],{"class":54},[44,36975,2993],{"class":58},[44,36977,63],{"class":62},[44,36979,66],{"class":58},[44,36981,69],{"class":62},[44,36983,66],{"class":58},[44,36985,74],{"class":62},[44,36987,66],{"class":58},[44,36989,1827],{"class":62},[44,36991,66],{"class":58},[44,36993,3975],{"class":62},[44,36995,66],{"class":58},[44,36997,36998],{"class":62}," 6",[44,37000,3006],{"class":58},[44,37002,37003,37005,37007,37010,37012,37015,37019,37021,37023,37025,37027,37029,37031,37033,37035],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,37004,644],{"class":50},[44,37006,55],{"class":54},[44,37008,37009],{"class":99}," filter",[44,37011,103],{"class":58},[44,37013,37014],{"class":1008},"lambda",[44,37016,37018],{"class":37017},"sFwrP"," x",[44,37020,2255],{"class":58},[44,37022,3249],{"class":89},[44,37024,5774],{"class":54},[44,37026,69],{"class":62},[44,37028,5779],{"class":54},[44,37030,3202],{"class":62},[44,37032,66],{"class":58},[44,37034,649],{"class":89},[44,37036,108],{"class":58},[44,37038,37039,37041,37043,37045,37047,37049,37051],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,37040,100],{"class":99},[44,37042,103],{"class":58},[44,37044,7467],{"class":121},[44,37046,103],{"class":58},[44,37048,668],{"class":89},[44,37050,4730],{"class":58},[44,37052,37053],{"class":3035},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37055,37056,37058,37059,37061],{},[15,37057,36930],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37060,24129],{}," to see the results.",[131,37063,134,37065,137],{"id":37064},"what-filter-does",[15,37066,36930],{},[20,37068,37069,37071],{},[15,37070,36930],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37073,1477],{},[145,37075,37076,37079,37085],{},[148,37077,37078],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[148,37080,37081,37082,37084],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37083,2974],{},", the item is kept",[148,37086,37081,37087,37089],{},[15,37088,3046],{},", the item is removed",[20,37091,1578],{},[35,37093,37095],{"className":37,"code":37094,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37096,37097,37125,37129,37157],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37098,37099,37101,37103,37105,37107,37109,37111,37113,37115,37117,37119,37121,37123],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37100,51],{"class":50},[44,37102,55],{"class":54},[44,37104,2993],{"class":58},[44,37106,63],{"class":62},[44,37108,66],{"class":58},[44,37110,69],{"class":62},[44,37112,66],{"class":58},[44,37114,74],{"class":62},[44,37116,66],{"class":58},[44,37118,1827],{"class":62},[44,37120,66],{"class":58},[44,37122,3975],{"class":62},[44,37124,3006],{"class":58},[44,37126,37127],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,37128,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,37130,37131,37133,37135,37137,37139,37141,37143,37145,37147,37149,37151,37153,37155],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,37132,644],{"class":50},[44,37134,55],{"class":54},[44,37136,37009],{"class":99},[44,37138,103],{"class":58},[44,37140,37014],{"class":1008},[44,37142,37018],{"class":37017},[44,37144,2255],{"class":58},[44,37146,3249],{"class":89},[44,37148,3624],{"class":54},[44,37150,74],{"class":62},[44,37152,66],{"class":58},[44,37154,649],{"class":89},[44,37156,108],{"class":58},[44,37158,37159,37161,37163,37165,37167,37169],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,37160,100],{"class":99},[44,37162,103],{"class":58},[44,37164,7467],{"class":121},[44,37166,103],{"class":58},[44,37168,668],{"class":89},[44,37170,993],{"class":58},[20,37172,111],{},[35,37174,37176],{"className":37,"code":37175,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37177,37178],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37179,37180,37182,37184,37186,37188],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37181,3270],{"class":58},[44,37183,1875],{"class":62},[44,37185,66],{"class":58},[44,37187,3975],{"class":62},[44,37189,3006],{"class":58},[20,37191,37192,37193,37195],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37194,1432],{}," are kept.",[131,37197,37199],{"id":37198},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37201,1530],{},[35,37203,37205],{"className":37,"code":37204,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37206,37207],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37208,37209,37211,37213,37216,37218,37221],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37210,36956],{"class":99},[44,37212,103],{"class":58},[44,37214,37215],{"class":89},"function",[44,37217,66],{"class":58},[44,37219,37220],{"class":89}," iterable",[44,37222,108],{"class":58},[347,37224,37225],{"id":37215},[15,37226,37215],{},[20,37228,37229],{},"This is the test function.",[145,37231,37232,37235],{},[148,37233,37234],{},"It receives one item at a time",[148,37236,37237,37238,945,37240],{},"It should return ",[15,37239,2974],{},[15,37241,3046],{},[347,37243,37244],{"id":3091},[15,37245,3091],{},[20,37247,37248],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37250,37251],{},"It can be:",[145,37253,37254,37257,37260,37263,37266],{},[148,37255,37256],{},"a list",[148,37258,37259],{},"a tuple",[148,37261,37262],{},"a string",[148,37264,37265],{},"a set",[148,37267,37268],{},"another iterable object",[20,37270,37271],{},"Example with a tuple:",[35,37273,37275],{"className":37,"code":37274,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37276,37277,37302,37306,37334],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37278,37279,37281,37283,37285,37287,37289,37292,37294,37296,37298,37300],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37280,51],{"class":50},[44,37282,55],{"class":54},[44,37284,8607],{"class":58},[44,37286,1701],{"class":62},[44,37288,66],{"class":58},[44,37290,37291],{"class":62}," 15",[44,37293,66],{"class":58},[44,37295,7163],{"class":62},[44,37297,66],{"class":58},[44,37299,8676],{"class":62},[44,37301,108],{"class":58},[44,37303,37304],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,37305,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,37307,37308,37310,37312,37314,37316,37318,37320,37322,37324,37326,37328,37330,37332],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,37309,644],{"class":50},[44,37311,55],{"class":54},[44,37313,37009],{"class":99},[44,37315,103],{"class":58},[44,37317,37014],{"class":1008},[44,37319,37018],{"class":37017},[44,37321,2255],{"class":58},[44,37323,3249],{"class":89},[44,37325,4469],{"class":54},[44,37327,7163],{"class":62},[44,37329,66],{"class":58},[44,37331,649],{"class":89},[44,37333,108],{"class":58},[44,37335,37336,37338,37340,37342,37344,37346],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,37337,100],{"class":99},[44,37339,103],{"class":58},[44,37341,7467],{"class":121},[44,37343,103],{"class":58},[44,37345,668],{"class":89},[44,37347,993],{"class":58},[20,37349,111],{},[35,37351,37353],{"className":37,"code":37352,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37354,37355],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37356,37357,37359,37361,37363,37365],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37358,3270],{"class":58},[44,37360,15105],{"class":62},[44,37362,66],{"class":58},[44,37364,8676],{"class":62},[44,37366,3006],{"class":58},[20,37368,37369,37370,86],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[167,37371,4507],{"href":4956},[131,37373,37375],{"id":37374},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,37377,37378,37379,21323,37381,86],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37380,36930],{},[30,37382,37383],{},"filter object",[20,37385,37386],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[145,37388,37389,37392,37397],{},[148,37390,37391],{},"loop through it",[148,37393,37394,37395],{},"convert it with ",[15,37396,24129],{},[148,37398,37394,37399],{},[15,37400,37401],{},"tuple()",[20,37403,1578],{},[35,37405,37407],{"className":37,"code":37406,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37408,37409,37451,37455,37465,37479],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37410,37411,37413,37415,37417,37419,37421,37423,37425,37427,37429,37431,37433,37435,37437,37439,37441,37443,37445,37447,37449],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37412,644],{"class":50},[44,37414,55],{"class":54},[44,37416,37009],{"class":99},[44,37418,103],{"class":58},[44,37420,37014],{"class":1008},[44,37422,37018],{"class":37017},[44,37424,2255],{"class":58},[44,37426,3249],{"class":89},[44,37428,3624],{"class":54},[44,37430,69],{"class":62},[44,37432,66],{"class":58},[44,37434,2993],{"class":58},[44,37436,63],{"class":62},[44,37438,66],{"class":58},[44,37440,69],{"class":62},[44,37442,66],{"class":58},[44,37444,74],{"class":62},[44,37446,66],{"class":58},[44,37448,1827],{"class":62},[44,37450,3258],{"class":58},[44,37452,37453],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,37454,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,37456,37457,37459,37461,37463],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,37458,100],{"class":99},[44,37460,103],{"class":58},[44,37462,668],{"class":89},[44,37464,108],{"class":58},[44,37466,37467,37469,37471,37473,37475,37477],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,37468,100],{"class":99},[44,37470,103],{"class":58},[44,37472,985],{"class":121},[44,37474,103],{"class":58},[44,37476,668],{"class":89},[44,37478,993],{"class":58},[44,37480,37481,37483,37485,37487,37489,37491],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,37482,100],{"class":99},[44,37484,103],{"class":58},[44,37486,7467],{"class":121},[44,37488,103],{"class":58},[44,37490,668],{"class":89},[44,37492,993],{"class":58},[20,37494,111],{},[35,37496,37498],{"className":37,"code":37497,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,37499,37500,37514,37528],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37501,37502,37504,37506,37508,37510,37512],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37503,1005],{"class":54},[44,37505,36956],{"class":99},[44,37507,23965],{"class":121},[44,37509,36718],{"class":50},[44,37511,36725],{"class":33804},[44,37513,1021],{"class":54},[44,37515,37516,37518,37520,37522,37524,37526],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,37517,1005],{"class":54},[44,37519,1009],{"class":1008},[44,37521,1012],{"class":235},[44,37523,36956],{"class":239},[44,37525,1018],{"class":235},[44,37527,1021],{"class":54},[44,37529,37530,37532,37534,37536,37538],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,37531,3270],{"class":58},[44,37533,1432],{"class":62},[44,37535,66],{"class":58},[44,37537,1827],{"class":62},[44,37539,3006],{"class":58},[20,37541,37542],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[347,37544,37546],{"id":37545},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,37548,37549],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[35,37551,37553],{"className":37,"code":37552,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37554,37555,37597,37601,37615],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37556,37557,37559,37561,37563,37565,37567,37569,37571,37573,37575,37577,37579,37581,37583,37585,37587,37589,37591,37593,37595],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37558,644],{"class":50},[44,37560,55],{"class":54},[44,37562,37009],{"class":99},[44,37564,103],{"class":58},[44,37566,37014],{"class":1008},[44,37568,37018],{"class":37017},[44,37570,2255],{"class":58},[44,37572,3249],{"class":89},[44,37574,3624],{"class":54},[44,37576,69],{"class":62},[44,37578,66],{"class":58},[44,37580,2993],{"class":58},[44,37582,63],{"class":62},[44,37584,66],{"class":58},[44,37586,69],{"class":62},[44,37588,66],{"class":58},[44,37590,74],{"class":62},[44,37592,66],{"class":58},[44,37594,1827],{"class":62},[44,37596,3258],{"class":58},[44,37598,37599],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,37600,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,37602,37603,37605,37607,37609,37611,37613],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,37604,100],{"class":99},[44,37606,103],{"class":58},[44,37608,7467],{"class":121},[44,37610,103],{"class":58},[44,37612,668],{"class":89},[44,37614,993],{"class":58},[44,37616,37617,37619,37621,37623,37625,37627],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,37618,100],{"class":99},[44,37620,103],{"class":58},[44,37622,7467],{"class":121},[44,37624,103],{"class":58},[44,37626,668],{"class":89},[44,37628,993],{"class":58},[20,37630,111],{},[35,37632,37634],{"className":37,"code":37633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,37635,37636,37648],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37637,37638,37640,37642,37644,37646],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37639,3270],{"class":58},[44,37641,1432],{"class":62},[44,37643,66],{"class":58},[44,37645,1827],{"class":62},[44,37647,3006],{"class":58},[44,37649,37650],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,37651,37652],{"class":58},"[]\n",[20,37654,37655],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[131,37657,350,37659,8078,37661],{"id":37658},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,37660,36930],{},[15,37662,37014],{},[20,37664,14542,37665,37667],{},[15,37666,37014],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,37669,37670],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[35,37672,37674],{"className":37,"code":37673,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37675,37676,37718,37722,37760],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37677,37678,37680,37682,37684,37686,37688,37690,37692,37694,37697,37699,37701,37703,37705,37707,37709,37711,37714,37716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37679,3441],{"class":50},[44,37681,55],{"class":54},[44,37683,2993],{"class":58},[44,37685,236],{"class":235},[44,37687,3450],{"class":239},[44,37689,236],{"class":235},[44,37691,66],{"class":58},[44,37693,247],{"class":235},[44,37695,37696],{"class":239},"kiwi",[44,37698,236],{"class":235},[44,37700,66],{"class":58},[44,37702,247],{"class":235},[44,37704,3459],{"class":239},[44,37706,236],{"class":235},[44,37708,66],{"class":58},[44,37710,247],{"class":235},[44,37712,37713],{"class":239},"fig",[44,37715,236],{"class":235},[44,37717,3006],{"class":58},[44,37719,37720],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,37721,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,37723,37724,37726,37728,37730,37732,37734,37737,37739,37742,37744,37747,37749,37752,37754,37756,37758],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,37725,644],{"class":50},[44,37727,55],{"class":54},[44,37729,37009],{"class":99},[44,37731,103],{"class":58},[44,37733,37014],{"class":1008},[44,37735,37736],{"class":37017}," word",[44,37738,2255],{"class":58},[44,37740,37741],{"class":99}," len",[44,37743,103],{"class":58},[44,37745,37746],{"class":89},"word",[44,37748,3032],{"class":58},[44,37750,37751],{"class":54}," >",[44,37753,1827],{"class":62},[44,37755,66],{"class":58},[44,37757,5539],{"class":89},[44,37759,108],{"class":58},[44,37761,37762,37764,37766,37768,37770,37772],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,37763,100],{"class":99},[44,37765,103],{"class":58},[44,37767,7467],{"class":121},[44,37769,103],{"class":58},[44,37771,668],{"class":89},[44,37773,993],{"class":58},[20,37775,111],{},[35,37777,37779],{"className":37,"code":37778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,37780,37781],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37782,37783,37785,37787,37789,37791,37793,37795,37797,37799],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37784,3270],{"class":58},[44,37786,1018],{"class":235},[44,37788,3450],{"class":239},[44,37790,1018],{"class":235},[44,37792,66],{"class":58},[44,37794,1012],{"class":235},[44,37796,3459],{"class":239},[44,37798,1018],{"class":235},[44,37800,3006],{"class":58},[20,37802,37803],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,37805,37806,37807,86],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[167,37808,37810],{"href":37809},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[131,37812,350,37814,37816],{"id":37813},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,37815,36930],{}," with a named function",[20,37818,37819,37820,86],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,37821,37014],{},[20,37823,37824],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[145,37826,37827,37830,37833],{},[148,37828,37829],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[148,37831,37832],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[148,37834,37835],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[35,37837,37839],{"className":37,"code":37838,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37840,37841,37854,37869,37873,37905,37924,37928],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37842,37843,37845,37848,37850,37852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37844,34203],{"class":1008},[44,37846,37847],{"class":34206}," is_even",[44,37849,103],{"class":58},[44,37851,1610],{"class":37017},[44,37853,7716],{"class":58},[44,37855,37856,37858,37860,37862,37864,37866],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,37857,34214],{"class":3245},[44,37859,5757],{"class":50},[44,37861,5774],{"class":54},[44,37863,69],{"class":62},[44,37865,5779],{"class":54},[44,37867,37868],{"class":62}," 0\n",[44,37870,37871],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,37872,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,37874,37875,37877,37879,37881,37883,37885,37887,37889,37891,37893,37895,37897,37899,37901,37903],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,37876,51],{"class":50},[44,37878,55],{"class":54},[44,37880,2993],{"class":58},[44,37882,63],{"class":62},[44,37884,66],{"class":58},[44,37886,69],{"class":62},[44,37888,66],{"class":58},[44,37890,74],{"class":62},[44,37892,66],{"class":58},[44,37894,1827],{"class":62},[44,37896,66],{"class":58},[44,37898,3975],{"class":62},[44,37900,66],{"class":58},[44,37902,36998],{"class":62},[44,37904,3006],{"class":58},[44,37906,37907,37909,37911,37913,37915,37918,37920,37922],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,37908,644],{"class":50},[44,37910,55],{"class":54},[44,37912,37009],{"class":99},[44,37914,103],{"class":58},[44,37916,37917],{"class":89},"is_even",[44,37919,66],{"class":58},[44,37921,649],{"class":89},[44,37923,108],{"class":58},[44,37925,37926],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,37927,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,37929,37930,37932,37934,37936,37938,37940],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,37931,100],{"class":99},[44,37933,103],{"class":58},[44,37935,7467],{"class":121},[44,37937,103],{"class":58},[44,37939,668],{"class":89},[44,37941,993],{"class":58},[20,37943,111],{},[35,37945,37947],{"className":37,"code":37946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37948,37949],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37950,37951,37953,37955,37957,37959,37961,37963],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37952,3270],{"class":58},[44,37954,1426],{"class":62},[44,37956,66],{"class":58},[44,37958,1827],{"class":62},[44,37960,66],{"class":58},[44,37962,36998],{"class":62},[44,37964,3006],{"class":58},[20,37966,565,37967,772,37970,37972],{},[15,37968,37969],{},"is_even()",[15,37971,2974],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[131,37974,350,37976,8078,37978],{"id":37975},"using-none-with-filter",[15,37977,159],{},[15,37979,36930],{},[20,37981,37982,37983,37985],{},"You can pass ",[15,37984,159],{}," as the first argument:",[35,37987,37989],{"className":37,"code":37988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,37990,37991],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37992,37993,37995,37997,37999,38001,38003],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37994,36956],{"class":99},[44,37996,103],{"class":58},[44,37998,159],{"class":692},[44,38000,66],{"class":58},[44,38002,37220],{"class":89},[44,38004,108],{"class":58},[20,38006,38007,38008,6712],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[30,38009,4966],{},[20,38011,38012],{},"Falsy values include:",[145,38014,38015,38019,38024,38028],{},[148,38016,38017],{},[15,38018,1490],{},[148,38020,38021,38023],{},[15,38022,3144],{}," (empty string)",[148,38025,38026],{},[15,38027,159],{},[148,38029,38030],{},[15,38031,3046],{},[20,38033,1578],{},[35,38035,38037],{"className":37,"code":38036,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38038,38039,38083,38087,38105],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38040,38041,38043,38045,38047,38049,38051,38053,38055,38057,38059,38061,38063,38065,38067,38069,38071,38073,38075,38077,38079,38081],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38042,362],{"class":50},[44,38044,55],{"class":54},[44,38046,2993],{"class":58},[44,38048,1490],{"class":62},[44,38050,66],{"class":58},[44,38052,4867],{"class":62},[44,38054,66],{"class":58},[44,38056,5497],{"class":235},[44,38058,66],{"class":58},[44,38060,247],{"class":235},[44,38062,3214],{"class":239},[44,38064,236],{"class":235},[44,38066,66],{"class":58},[44,38068,3221],{"class":692},[44,38070,66],{"class":58},[44,38072,3286],{"class":692},[44,38074,66],{"class":58},[44,38076,3277],{"class":692},[44,38078,66],{"class":58},[44,38080,3975],{"class":62},[44,38082,3006],{"class":58},[44,38084,38085],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,38086,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,38088,38089,38091,38093,38095,38097,38099,38101,38103],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,38090,644],{"class":50},[44,38092,55],{"class":54},[44,38094,37009],{"class":99},[44,38096,103],{"class":58},[44,38098,159],{"class":692},[44,38100,66],{"class":58},[44,38102,5336],{"class":89},[44,38104,108],{"class":58},[44,38106,38107,38109,38111,38113,38115,38117],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,38108,100],{"class":99},[44,38110,103],{"class":58},[44,38112,7467],{"class":121},[44,38114,103],{"class":58},[44,38116,668],{"class":89},[44,38118,993],{"class":58},[20,38120,111],{},[35,38122,38124],{"className":37,"code":38123,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38125,38126],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38127,38128,38130,38132,38134,38136,38138,38140,38142,38144,38146,38148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38129,3270],{"class":58},[44,38131,63],{"class":62},[44,38133,66],{"class":58},[44,38135,1012],{"class":235},[44,38137,3214],{"class":239},[44,38139,1018],{"class":235},[44,38141,66],{"class":58},[44,38143,3286],{"class":692},[44,38145,66],{"class":58},[44,38147,3975],{"class":62},[44,38149,3006],{"class":58},[20,38151,38152],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[131,38154,4331,38156],{"id":38155},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38157,36930],{},[20,38159,1462,38160,38162],{},[15,38161,36930],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38164,38165],{},"It works well for:",[145,38167,38168,38171,38174],{},[148,38169,38170],{},"simple filtering rules",[148,38172,38173],{},"quick data cleaning",[148,38175,38176],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38178,1578],{},[35,38180,38182],{"className":37,"code":38181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38183,38184,38216,38249,38253],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38185,38186,38188,38190,38192,38194,38196,38198,38200,38202,38204,38206,38208,38210,38212,38214],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38187,51],{"class":50},[44,38189,55],{"class":54},[44,38191,2993],{"class":58},[44,38193,63],{"class":62},[44,38195,66],{"class":58},[44,38197,69],{"class":62},[44,38199,66],{"class":58},[44,38201,74],{"class":62},[44,38203,66],{"class":58},[44,38205,1827],{"class":62},[44,38207,66],{"class":58},[44,38209,3975],{"class":62},[44,38211,66],{"class":58},[44,38213,36998],{"class":62},[44,38215,3006],{"class":58},[44,38217,38218,38221,38223,38225,38227,38229,38231,38233,38235,38237,38239,38241,38243,38245,38247],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,38219,38220],{"class":50},"evens ",[44,38222,55],{"class":54},[44,38224,37009],{"class":99},[44,38226,103],{"class":58},[44,38228,37014],{"class":1008},[44,38230,37018],{"class":37017},[44,38232,2255],{"class":58},[44,38234,3249],{"class":89},[44,38236,5774],{"class":54},[44,38238,69],{"class":62},[44,38240,5779],{"class":54},[44,38242,3202],{"class":62},[44,38244,66],{"class":58},[44,38246,649],{"class":89},[44,38248,108],{"class":58},[44,38250,38251],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,38252,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,38254,38255,38257,38259,38261,38263,38266],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,38256,100],{"class":99},[44,38258,103],{"class":58},[44,38260,7467],{"class":121},[44,38262,103],{"class":58},[44,38264,38265],{"class":89},"evens",[44,38267,993],{"class":58},[20,38269,111],{},[35,38271,38272],{"className":37,"code":37946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,38273,38274],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38275,38276,38278,38280,38282,38284,38286,38288],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38277,3270],{"class":58},[44,38279,1426],{"class":62},[44,38281,66],{"class":58},[44,38283,1827],{"class":62},[44,38285,66],{"class":58},[44,38287,36998],{"class":62},[44,38289,3006],{"class":58},[20,38291,38292,38293,38295],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38294,5328],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[35,38297,38299],{"className":37,"code":38298,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38300,38301,38333,38341,38345,38357,38373,38388,38392],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38302,38303,38305,38307,38309,38311,38313,38315,38317,38319,38321,38323,38325,38327,38329,38331],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38304,51],{"class":50},[44,38306,55],{"class":54},[44,38308,2993],{"class":58},[44,38310,63],{"class":62},[44,38312,66],{"class":58},[44,38314,69],{"class":62},[44,38316,66],{"class":58},[44,38318,74],{"class":62},[44,38320,66],{"class":58},[44,38322,1827],{"class":62},[44,38324,66],{"class":58},[44,38326,3975],{"class":62},[44,38328,66],{"class":58},[44,38330,36998],{"class":62},[44,38332,3006],{"class":58},[44,38334,38335,38337,38339],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,38336,38220],{"class":50},[44,38338,55],{"class":54},[44,38340,7211],{"class":58},[44,38342,38343],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,38344,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,38346,38347,38349,38351,38353,38355],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,38348,5328],{"class":3245},[44,38350,5757],{"class":50},[44,38352,3252],{"class":3245},[44,38354,649],{"class":50},[44,38356,5764],{"class":58},[44,38358,38359,38361,38363,38365,38367,38369,38371],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,38360,5769],{"class":3245},[44,38362,5757],{"class":50},[44,38364,5774],{"class":54},[44,38366,69],{"class":62},[44,38368,5779],{"class":54},[44,38370,3202],{"class":62},[44,38372,5764],{"class":58},[44,38374,38375,38378,38380,38382,38384,38386],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,38376,38377],{"class":50},"        evens",[44,38379,86],{"class":58},[44,38381,12907],{"class":89},[44,38383,103],{"class":58},[44,38385,1610],{"class":89},[44,38387,108],{"class":58},[44,38389,38390],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,38391,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,38393,38394,38396,38398,38400],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,38395,100],{"class":99},[44,38397,103],{"class":58},[44,38399,38265],{"class":89},[44,38401,108],{"class":58},[20,38403,111],{},[35,38405,38406],{"className":37,"code":37946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,38407,38408],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38409,38410,38412,38414,38416,38418,38420,38422],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38411,3270],{"class":58},[44,38413,1426],{"class":62},[44,38415,66],{"class":58},[44,38417,1827],{"class":62},[44,38419,66],{"class":58},[44,38421,36998],{"class":62},[44,38423,3006],{"class":58},[20,38425,38426],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[35,38428,38430],{"className":37,"code":38429,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38431,38432,38464,38497,38501],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38433,38434,38436,38438,38440,38442,38444,38446,38448,38450,38452,38454,38456,38458,38460,38462],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38435,51],{"class":50},[44,38437,55],{"class":54},[44,38439,2993],{"class":58},[44,38441,63],{"class":62},[44,38443,66],{"class":58},[44,38445,69],{"class":62},[44,38447,66],{"class":58},[44,38449,74],{"class":62},[44,38451,66],{"class":58},[44,38453,1827],{"class":62},[44,38455,66],{"class":58},[44,38457,3975],{"class":62},[44,38459,66],{"class":58},[44,38461,36998],{"class":62},[44,38463,3006],{"class":58},[44,38465,38466,38468,38470,38472,38474,38476,38478,38480,38483,38485,38487,38489,38491,38493,38495],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,38467,38220],{"class":50},[44,38469,55],{"class":54},[44,38471,2993],{"class":58},[44,38473,1588],{"class":50},[44,38475,5328],{"class":3245},[44,38477,5757],{"class":50},[44,38479,3252],{"class":3245},[44,38481,38482],{"class":50}," numbers ",[44,38484,6369],{"class":3245},[44,38486,5757],{"class":50},[44,38488,5774],{"class":54},[44,38490,69],{"class":62},[44,38492,5779],{"class":54},[44,38494,3202],{"class":62},[44,38496,3006],{"class":58},[44,38498,38499],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,38500,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,38502,38503,38505,38507,38509],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,38504,100],{"class":99},[44,38506,103],{"class":58},[44,38508,38265],{"class":89},[44,38510,108],{"class":58},[20,38512,111],{},[35,38514,38515],{"className":37,"code":37946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,38516,38517],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38518,38519,38521,38523,38525,38527,38529,38531],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38520,3270],{"class":58},[44,38522,1426],{"class":62},[44,38524,66],{"class":58},[44,38526,1827],{"class":62},[44,38528,66],{"class":58},[44,38530,36998],{"class":62},[44,38532,3006],{"class":58},[20,38534,38535,38536,86],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[167,38537,38539],{"href":38538},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[131,38541,2200],{"id":2199},[20,38543,14087,38544,86],{},[15,38545,36930],{},[347,38547,923,38549,38551],{"id":38548},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,38550,36930],{}," to return a list",[20,38553,38554],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[35,38556,38558],{"className":37,"code":38557,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,38559,38560,38602],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38561,38562,38564,38566,38568,38570,38572,38574,38576,38578,38580,38582,38584,38586,38588,38590,38592,38594,38596,38598,38600],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38563,644],{"class":50},[44,38565,55],{"class":54},[44,38567,37009],{"class":99},[44,38569,103],{"class":58},[44,38571,37014],{"class":1008},[44,38573,37018],{"class":37017},[44,38575,2255],{"class":58},[44,38577,3249],{"class":89},[44,38579,3624],{"class":54},[44,38581,69],{"class":62},[44,38583,66],{"class":58},[44,38585,2993],{"class":58},[44,38587,63],{"class":62},[44,38589,66],{"class":58},[44,38591,69],{"class":62},[44,38593,66],{"class":58},[44,38595,74],{"class":62},[44,38597,66],{"class":58},[44,38599,1827],{"class":62},[44,38601,3258],{"class":58},[44,38603,38604,38606,38608,38610],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,38605,100],{"class":99},[44,38607,103],{"class":58},[44,38609,668],{"class":89},[44,38611,108],{"class":58},[20,38613,38614],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,38616,38617],{},"Fix:",[35,38619,38621],{"className":37,"code":38620,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38622,38623,38665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38624,38625,38627,38629,38631,38633,38635,38637,38639,38641,38643,38645,38647,38649,38651,38653,38655,38657,38659,38661,38663],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38626,644],{"class":50},[44,38628,55],{"class":54},[44,38630,37009],{"class":99},[44,38632,103],{"class":58},[44,38634,37014],{"class":1008},[44,38636,37018],{"class":37017},[44,38638,2255],{"class":58},[44,38640,3249],{"class":89},[44,38642,3624],{"class":54},[44,38644,69],{"class":62},[44,38646,66],{"class":58},[44,38648,2993],{"class":58},[44,38650,63],{"class":62},[44,38652,66],{"class":58},[44,38654,69],{"class":62},[44,38656,66],{"class":58},[44,38658,74],{"class":62},[44,38660,66],{"class":58},[44,38662,1827],{"class":62},[44,38664,3258],{"class":58},[44,38666,38667,38669,38671,38673,38675,38677],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,38668,100],{"class":99},[44,38670,103],{"class":58},[44,38672,7467],{"class":121},[44,38674,103],{"class":58},[44,38676,668],{"class":89},[44,38678,993],{"class":58},[347,38680,38682,38683,945,38685,38687],{"id":38681},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,38684,2974],{},[15,38686,3046],{}," clearly",[20,38689,38690],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,38692,38693],{},"Good example:",[35,38695,38697],{"className":37,"code":38696,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,38698,38699,38712],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38700,38701,38703,38706,38708,38710],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38702,34203],{"class":1008},[44,38704,38705],{"class":34206}," is_positive",[44,38707,103],{"class":58},[44,38709,1610],{"class":37017},[44,38711,7716],{"class":58},[44,38713,38714,38716,38718,38720],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,38715,34214],{"class":3245},[44,38717,5757],{"class":50},[44,38719,3624],{"class":54},[44,38721,37868],{"class":62},[20,38723,38724],{},"Then use it with:",[35,38726,38728],{"className":37,"code":38727,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,38729,38730,38762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38731,38732,38734,38736,38738,38740,38742,38744,38746,38748,38750,38752,38754,38756,38758,38760],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38733,51],{"class":50},[44,38735,55],{"class":54},[44,38737,2993],{"class":58},[44,38739,1391],{"class":54},[44,38741,1426],{"class":62},[44,38743,66],{"class":58},[44,38745,1593],{"class":54},[44,38747,63],{"class":62},[44,38749,66],{"class":58},[44,38751,3202],{"class":62},[44,38753,66],{"class":58},[44,38755,4867],{"class":62},[44,38757,66],{"class":58},[44,38759,69],{"class":62},[44,38761,3006],{"class":58},[44,38763,38764,38766,38768,38770,38772,38774,38776,38779,38781,38783],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,38765,100],{"class":99},[44,38767,103],{"class":58},[44,38769,7467],{"class":121},[44,38771,103],{"class":58},[44,38773,36956],{"class":99},[44,38775,103],{"class":58},[44,38777,38778],{"class":89},"is_positive",[44,38780,66],{"class":58},[44,38782,649],{"class":89},[44,38784,2283],{"class":58},[20,38786,111],{},[35,38788,38790],{"className":37,"code":38789,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2]\n",[15,38791,38792],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38793,38794,38796,38798,38800,38802],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38795,3270],{"class":58},[44,38797,63],{"class":62},[44,38799,66],{"class":58},[44,38801,69],{"class":62},[44,38803,3006],{"class":58},[347,38805,38807],{"id":38806},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,38809,38810],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[35,38812,38813],{"className":37,"code":37552,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,38814,38815,38857,38861,38875],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38816,38817,38819,38821,38823,38825,38827,38829,38831,38833,38835,38837,38839,38841,38843,38845,38847,38849,38851,38853,38855],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38818,644],{"class":50},[44,38820,55],{"class":54},[44,38822,37009],{"class":99},[44,38824,103],{"class":58},[44,38826,37014],{"class":1008},[44,38828,37018],{"class":37017},[44,38830,2255],{"class":58},[44,38832,3249],{"class":89},[44,38834,3624],{"class":54},[44,38836,69],{"class":62},[44,38838,66],{"class":58},[44,38840,2993],{"class":58},[44,38842,63],{"class":62},[44,38844,66],{"class":58},[44,38846,69],{"class":62},[44,38848,66],{"class":58},[44,38850,74],{"class":62},[44,38852,66],{"class":58},[44,38854,1827],{"class":62},[44,38856,3258],{"class":58},[44,38858,38859],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,38860,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,38862,38863,38865,38867,38869,38871,38873],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,38864,100],{"class":99},[44,38866,103],{"class":58},[44,38868,7467],{"class":121},[44,38870,103],{"class":58},[44,38872,668],{"class":89},[44,38874,993],{"class":58},[44,38876,38877,38879,38881,38883,38885,38887],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,38878,100],{"class":99},[44,38880,103],{"class":58},[44,38882,7467],{"class":121},[44,38884,103],{"class":58},[44,38886,668],{"class":89},[44,38888,993],{"class":58},[20,38890,111],{},[35,38892,38893],{"className":37,"code":37633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,38894,38895,38907],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38896,38897,38899,38901,38903,38905],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38898,3270],{"class":58},[44,38900,1432],{"class":62},[44,38902,66],{"class":58},[44,38904,1827],{"class":62},[44,38906,3006],{"class":58},[44,38908,38909],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,38910,37652],{"class":58},[20,38912,38913],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[35,38915,38917],{"className":37,"code":38916,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,38918,38919,38965,38969,38979],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38920,38921,38923,38925,38927,38929,38931,38933,38935,38937,38939,38941,38943,38945,38947,38949,38951,38953,38955,38957,38959,38961,38963],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38922,644],{"class":50},[44,38924,55],{"class":54},[44,38926,21907],{"class":121},[44,38928,103],{"class":58},[44,38930,36956],{"class":99},[44,38932,103],{"class":58},[44,38934,37014],{"class":1008},[44,38936,37018],{"class":37017},[44,38938,2255],{"class":58},[44,38940,3249],{"class":89},[44,38942,3624],{"class":54},[44,38944,69],{"class":62},[44,38946,66],{"class":58},[44,38948,2993],{"class":58},[44,38950,63],{"class":62},[44,38952,66],{"class":58},[44,38954,69],{"class":62},[44,38956,66],{"class":58},[44,38958,74],{"class":62},[44,38960,66],{"class":58},[44,38962,1827],{"class":62},[44,38964,2370],{"class":58},[44,38966,38967],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,38968,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,38970,38971,38973,38975,38977],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,38972,100],{"class":99},[44,38974,103],{"class":58},[44,38976,668],{"class":89},[44,38978,108],{"class":58},[44,38980,38981,38983,38985,38987],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,38982,100],{"class":99},[44,38984,103],{"class":58},[44,38986,668],{"class":89},[44,38988,108],{"class":58},[347,38990,38992],{"id":38991},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,38994,38995],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,38997,798],{},[35,38999,39001],{"className":37,"code":39000,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39002,39003],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39004,39005],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39006,39000],{"class":3035},[20,39008,39009,39010,5922],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39011,1701],{},[20,39013,862],{},[35,39015,39017],{"className":37,"code":39016,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39018,39019],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39020,39021,39023,39025,39027,39029,39031,39033,39035,39037,39039,39041,39043,39045,39047,39049,39051,39053,39055,39057,39059,39061,39063],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39022,100],{"class":99},[44,39024,103],{"class":58},[44,39026,7467],{"class":121},[44,39028,103],{"class":58},[44,39030,36956],{"class":99},[44,39032,103],{"class":58},[44,39034,37014],{"class":1008},[44,39036,37018],{"class":37017},[44,39038,2255],{"class":58},[44,39040,3249],{"class":89},[44,39042,3624],{"class":54},[44,39044,69],{"class":62},[44,39046,66],{"class":58},[44,39048,2993],{"class":58},[44,39050,63],{"class":62},[44,39052,66],{"class":58},[44,39054,69],{"class":62},[44,39056,66],{"class":58},[44,39058,74],{"class":62},[44,39060,66],{"class":58},[44,39062,1827],{"class":62},[44,39064,36619],{"class":58},[347,39066,36558,39068,8078,39070],{"id":39067},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39069,36930],{},[15,39071,39072],{},"map()",[145,39074,39075,39080],{},[148,39076,39077,39079],{},[15,39078,36930],{}," keeps or removes items",[148,39081,39082,39084],{},[15,39083,39072],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39086,39087,39088,2255],{},"Example of ",[15,39089,36930],{},[35,39091,39093],{"className":37,"code":39092,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39094,39095,39119],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39096,39097,39099,39101,39103,39105,39107,39109,39111,39113,39115,39117],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39098,51],{"class":50},[44,39100,55],{"class":54},[44,39102,2993],{"class":58},[44,39104,63],{"class":62},[44,39106,66],{"class":58},[44,39108,69],{"class":62},[44,39110,66],{"class":58},[44,39112,74],{"class":62},[44,39114,66],{"class":58},[44,39116,1827],{"class":62},[44,39118,3006],{"class":58},[44,39120,39121,39123,39125,39127,39129,39131,39133,39135,39137,39139,39141,39143,39145,39147,39149],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,39122,100],{"class":99},[44,39124,103],{"class":58},[44,39126,7467],{"class":121},[44,39128,103],{"class":58},[44,39130,36956],{"class":99},[44,39132,103],{"class":58},[44,39134,37014],{"class":1008},[44,39136,37018],{"class":37017},[44,39138,2255],{"class":58},[44,39140,3249],{"class":89},[44,39142,3624],{"class":54},[44,39144,69],{"class":62},[44,39146,66],{"class":58},[44,39148,649],{"class":89},[44,39150,2283],{"class":58},[20,39152,111],{},[35,39154,39156],{"className":37,"code":39155,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39157,39158],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39159,39160,39162,39164,39166,39168],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39161,3270],{"class":58},[44,39163,1432],{"class":62},[44,39165,66],{"class":58},[44,39167,1827],{"class":62},[44,39169,3006],{"class":58},[20,39171,39087,39172,2255],{},[15,39173,39072],{},[35,39175,39177],{"className":37,"code":39176,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39178,39179,39203],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39180,39181,39183,39185,39187,39189,39191,39193,39195,39197,39199,39201],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39182,51],{"class":50},[44,39184,55],{"class":54},[44,39186,2993],{"class":58},[44,39188,63],{"class":62},[44,39190,66],{"class":58},[44,39192,69],{"class":62},[44,39194,66],{"class":58},[44,39196,74],{"class":62},[44,39198,66],{"class":58},[44,39200,1827],{"class":62},[44,39202,3006],{"class":58},[44,39204,39205,39207,39209,39211,39213,39216,39218,39220,39222,39224,39226,39229,39231,39233,39235],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,39206,100],{"class":99},[44,39208,103],{"class":58},[44,39210,7467],{"class":121},[44,39212,103],{"class":58},[44,39214,39215],{"class":99},"map",[44,39217,103],{"class":58},[44,39219,37014],{"class":1008},[44,39221,37018],{"class":37017},[44,39223,2255],{"class":58},[44,39225,3249],{"class":89},[44,39227,39228],{"class":54},"*",[44,39230,69],{"class":62},[44,39232,66],{"class":58},[44,39234,649],{"class":89},[44,39236,2283],{"class":58},[20,39238,111],{},[35,39240,39242],{"className":37,"code":39241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39243,39244],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39245,39246,39248,39250,39252,39254,39256,39258,39260,39262],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39247,3270],{"class":58},[44,39249,1426],{"class":62},[44,39251,66],{"class":58},[44,39253,1827],{"class":62},[44,39255,66],{"class":58},[44,39257,36998],{"class":62},[44,39259,66],{"class":58},[44,39261,5730],{"class":62},[44,39263,3006],{"class":58},[20,39265,39266,39267,86],{},"For the related function, see ",[167,39268,2945,39270,2878],{"href":39269},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39271,39072],{},[131,39273,1196],{"id":1195},[347,39275,1212,39277,39279],{"id":39276},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39278,36930],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39281,39282,39283,39285],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39284,24129],{}," if needed.",[347,39287,39289,39290,39292],{"id":39288},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39291,36930],{}," need to return?",[20,39294,37237,39295,39297,39298,39300],{},[15,39296,2974],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39299,3046],{}," to remove it.",[347,39302,27677,39304,39306],{"id":39303},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39305,36930],{}," without lambda?",[20,39308,39309],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[347,39311,1200,39313,39316],{"id":39312},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39314,39315],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39318,39319,39320,39322,39323,16422,39325,86],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39321,1490],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39324,159],{},[15,39326,3046],{},[347,39328,20768,39330,39332],{"id":39329},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39331,36930],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39334,39335,39336,39338],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39337,5328],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39340,39341],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[145,39343,39344,39350,39356],{},[148,39345,39346,39347,39349],{},"use ",[15,39348,36930],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[148,39351,39352,39353,39355],{},"use a ",[15,39354,5328],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[148,39357,39358],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39360,39361,39362,86],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[167,39363,4503],{"href":39364},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[131,39366,1251],{"id":1250},[145,39368,39369,39374,39378,39383,39389],{},[148,39370,39371],{},[167,39372,39373],{"href":37809},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[148,39375,39376],{},[167,39377,4589],{"href":39364},[148,39379,39380],{},[167,39381,39382],{"href":38538},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[148,39384,39385],{},[167,39386,2945,39387,2878],{"href":39269},[15,39388,39072],{},[148,39390,39391],{},[167,39392,4584],{"href":4956},[1294,39394,39395],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":39397},[39398,39399,39401,39405,39408,39410,39412,39414,39416,39426,39438],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":37064,"depth":80,"text":39400},"What filter() does",{"id":37198,"depth":80,"text":37199,"children":39402},[39403,39404],{"id":37215,"depth":96,"text":37215},{"id":3091,"depth":96,"text":3091},{"id":37374,"depth":80,"text":37375,"children":39406},[39407],{"id":37545,"depth":96,"text":37546},{"id":37658,"depth":80,"text":39409},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":37813,"depth":80,"text":39411},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":37975,"depth":80,"text":39413},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38155,"depth":80,"text":39415},"When to use filter()",{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200,"children":39417},[39418,39420,39422,39423,39424],{"id":38548,"depth":96,"text":39419},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":38681,"depth":96,"text":39421},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":38806,"depth":96,"text":38807},{"id":38991,"depth":96,"text":38992},{"id":39067,"depth":96,"text":39425},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":39427},[39428,39430,39432,39434,39436],{"id":39276,"depth":96,"text":39429},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39288,"depth":96,"text":39431},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39303,"depth":96,"text":39433},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39312,"depth":96,"text":39435},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39329,"depth":96,"text":39437},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":36922,"description":39439},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39446,"title":39447,"body":39448,"description":41601,"extension":1331,"meta":41602,"navigation":268,"path":41603,"seo":41604,"stem":41605,"__hash__":41606},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39449,"toc":41555},[39450,39453,39458,39464,39466,39518,39520,39539,39544,39548,39553,39556,39571,39574,39596,39598,39647,39649,39673,39675,39677,39692,39697,39705,39720,39722,39731,39734,39769,39773,39778,39782,39789,39824,39826,39842,39846,39849,39890,39892,39906,39910,39913,39937,39939,39948,39952,39955,39988,39990,40003,40007,40013,40032,40034,40042,40046,40051,40055,40061,40084,40086,40115,40118,40137,40141,40144,40171,40173,40207,40211,40214,40238,40242,40253,40255,40260,40266,40268,40352,40354,40396,40399,40403,40410,40419,40475,40482,40491,40496,40500,40571,40573,40582,40586,40589,40633,40635,40644,40648,40654,40704,40708,40713,40717,40741,40743,40752,40756,40780,40782,40793,40797,40821,40823,40832,40835,40852,40858,40862,40868,40871,40876,40879,40900,40902,40934,40937,40942,40944,40955,40957,41001,41005,41012,41064,41066,41075,41079,41082,41175,41178,41202,41206,41209,41301,41306,41310,41317,41322,41346,41348,41357,41362,41385,41387,41395,41402,41425,41433,41435,41448,41458,41460,41464,41471,41475,41484,41488,41495,41499,41503,41507,41520,41522,41552],[10,39451,39447],{"id":39452},"python-float-function-explained",[20,39454,8493,39455,39457],{},[15,39456,2254],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,39459,39460,39461,39463],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,39462,2254],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[131,39465,1372],{"id":1371},[35,39467,39469],{"className":37,"code":39468,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,39470,39471,39485,39504],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39472,39473,39475,39477,39479,39481,39483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39474,100],{"class":99},[44,39476,103],{"class":58},[44,39478,1562],{"class":121},[44,39480,103],{"class":58},[44,39482,1507],{"class":62},[44,39484,993],{"class":58},[44,39486,39487,39489,39491,39493,39495,39497,39500,39502],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,39488,100],{"class":99},[44,39490,103],{"class":58},[44,39492,1562],{"class":121},[44,39494,103],{"class":58},[44,39496,236],{"class":235},[44,39498,39499],{"class":239},"3.14",[44,39501,236],{"class":235},[44,39503,993],{"class":58},[44,39505,39506,39508,39510,39512,39514,39516],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,39507,100],{"class":99},[44,39509,103],{"class":58},[44,39511,1562],{"class":121},[44,39513,103],{"class":58},[44,39515,2974],{"class":692},[44,39517,993],{"class":58},[20,39519,111],{},[35,39521,39523],{"className":37,"code":39522,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,39524,39525,39529,39534],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39526,39527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39528,1850],{"class":62},[44,39530,39531],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,39532,39533],{"class":62},"3.14\n",[44,39535,39536],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,39537,39538],{"class":62},"1.0\n",[20,39540,1462,39541,39543],{},[15,39542,2254],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[131,39545,39547],{"id":39546},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,39549,39550,39552],{},[15,39551,2254],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,39554,39555],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[145,39557,39558,39562,39566],{},[148,39559,39560],{},[15,39561,1862],{},[148,39563,39564],{},[15,39565,39499],{},[148,39567,39568],{},[15,39569,39570],{},"0.5",[20,39572,39573],{},"A few key points:",[145,39575,39576,39583,39586,39589],{},[148,39577,39578,39580,39581],{},[15,39579,2254],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,39582,1562],{},[148,39584,39585],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[148,39587,39588],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[148,39590,39591,39592],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[167,39593,39594],{"href":7593},[15,39595,2329],{},[20,39597,1578],{},[35,39599,39601],{"className":37,"code":39600,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,39602,39603,39623,39633],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39604,39605,39607,39609,39612,39614,39616,39619,39621],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39606,1588],{"class":50},[44,39608,55],{"class":54},[44,39610,39611],{"class":121}," float",[44,39613,103],{"class":58},[44,39615,236],{"class":235},[44,39617,39618],{"class":239},"2.75",[44,39620,236],{"class":235},[44,39622,108],{"class":58},[44,39624,39625,39627,39629,39631],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,39626,100],{"class":99},[44,39628,103],{"class":58},[44,39630,1610],{"class":89},[44,39632,108],{"class":58},[44,39634,39635,39637,39639,39641,39643,39645],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,39636,100],{"class":99},[44,39638,103],{"class":58},[44,39640,985],{"class":121},[44,39642,103],{"class":58},[44,39644,1610],{"class":89},[44,39646,993],{"class":58},[20,39648,111],{},[35,39650,39652],{"className":37,"code":39651,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,39653,39654,39659],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39655,39656],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39657,39658],{"class":62},"2.75\n",[44,39660,39661,39663,39665,39667,39669,39671],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,39662,1005],{"class":54},[44,39664,1009],{"class":1008},[44,39666,1012],{"class":235},[44,39668,1562],{"class":239},[44,39670,1018],{"class":235},[44,39672,1021],{"class":54},[131,39674,175],{"id":174},[20,39676,6590],{},[35,39678,39680],{"className":37,"code":39679,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"float(value)\n",[15,39681,39682],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39683,39684,39686,39688,39690],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39685,1562],{"class":121},[44,39687,103],{"class":58},[44,39689,1843],{"class":89},[44,39691,108],{"class":58},[20,39693,39694,39695,86],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,39696,2254],{},[20,39698,39699,39700,39702,39703,2255],{},"If you call ",[15,39701,2254],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,39704,3139],{},[35,39706,39708],{"className":37,"code":39707,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float())\n",[15,39709,39710],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39711,39712,39714,39716,39718],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39713,100],{"class":99},[44,39715,103],{"class":58},[44,39717,1562],{"class":121},[44,39719,6566],{"class":58},[20,39721,111],{},[35,39723,39725],{"className":37,"code":39724,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0.0\n",[15,39726,39727],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39728,39729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39730,39724],{"class":62},[20,39732,39733],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[35,39735,39737],{"className":37,"code":39736,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,39738,39739,39759],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39740,39741,39744,39746,39748,39750,39752,39755,39757],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39742,39743],{"class":50},"price ",[44,39745,55],{"class":54},[44,39747,39611],{"class":121},[44,39749,103],{"class":58},[44,39751,236],{"class":235},[44,39753,39754],{"class":239},"19.99",[44,39756,236],{"class":235},[44,39758,108],{"class":58},[44,39760,39761,39763,39765,39767],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,39762,100],{"class":99},[44,39764,103],{"class":58},[44,39766,24498],{"class":89},[44,39768,108],{"class":58},[131,39770,39772],{"id":39771},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,39774,39775,39777],{},[15,39776,2254],{}," can convert several common value types.",[347,39779,39781],{"id":39780},"integers","Integers",[20,39783,39784,39785,39788],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,39786,39787],{},".0"," added:",[35,39790,39792],{"className":37,"code":39791,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,39793,39794,39808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39795,39796,39798,39800,39802,39804,39806],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39797,100],{"class":99},[44,39799,103],{"class":58},[44,39801,1562],{"class":121},[44,39803,103],{"class":58},[44,39805,1507],{"class":62},[44,39807,993],{"class":58},[44,39809,39810,39812,39814,39816,39818,39820,39822],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,39811,100],{"class":99},[44,39813,103],{"class":58},[44,39815,1562],{"class":121},[44,39817,103],{"class":58},[44,39819,1391],{"class":54},[44,39821,1426],{"class":62},[44,39823,993],{"class":58},[20,39825,111],{},[35,39827,39829],{"className":37,"code":39828,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,39830,39831,39835],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39832,39833],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39834,1850],{"class":62},[44,39836,39837,39839],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,39838,1391],{"class":54},[44,39840,39841],{"class":62},"2.0\n",[347,39843,39845],{"id":39844},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,39847,39848],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[35,39850,39852],{"className":37,"code":39851,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,39853,39854,39872],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39855,39856,39858,39860,39862,39864,39866,39868,39870],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39857,100],{"class":99},[44,39859,103],{"class":58},[44,39861,1562],{"class":121},[44,39863,103],{"class":58},[44,39865,236],{"class":235},[44,39867,39499],{"class":239},[44,39869,236],{"class":235},[44,39871,993],{"class":58},[44,39873,39874,39876,39878,39880,39882,39884,39886,39888],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,39875,100],{"class":99},[44,39877,103],{"class":58},[44,39879,1562],{"class":121},[44,39881,103],{"class":58},[44,39883,236],{"class":235},[44,39885,1701],{"class":239},[44,39887,236],{"class":235},[44,39889,993],{"class":58},[20,39891,111],{},[35,39893,39895],{"className":37,"code":39894,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,39896,39897,39901],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39898,39899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39900,39533],{"class":62},[44,39902,39903],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,39904,39905],{"class":62},"10.0\n",[347,39907,39909],{"id":39908},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,39911,39912],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[35,39914,39916],{"className":37,"code":39915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,39917,39918],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39919,39920,39922,39924,39926,39928,39930,39933,39935],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39921,100],{"class":99},[44,39923,103],{"class":58},[44,39925,1562],{"class":121},[44,39927,103],{"class":58},[44,39929,236],{"class":235},[44,39931,39932],{"class":239},"  8.5  ",[44,39934,236],{"class":235},[44,39936,993],{"class":58},[20,39938,111],{},[35,39940,39942],{"className":37,"code":39941,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8.5\n",[15,39943,39944],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39945,39946],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39947,39941],{"class":62},[347,39949,39951],{"id":39950},"booleans","Booleans",[20,39953,39954],{},"Boolean values also work:",[35,39956,39958],{"className":37,"code":39957,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,39959,39960,39974],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39961,39962,39964,39966,39968,39970,39972],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39963,100],{"class":99},[44,39965,103],{"class":58},[44,39967,1562],{"class":121},[44,39969,103],{"class":58},[44,39971,2974],{"class":692},[44,39973,993],{"class":58},[44,39975,39976,39978,39980,39982,39984,39986],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,39977,100],{"class":99},[44,39979,103],{"class":58},[44,39981,1562],{"class":121},[44,39983,103],{"class":58},[44,39985,3046],{"class":692},[44,39987,993],{"class":58},[20,39989,111],{},[35,39991,39993],{"className":37,"code":39992,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,39994,39995,39999],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39996,39997],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39998,39538],{"class":62},[44,40000,40001],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,40002,39724],{"class":62},[347,40004,40006],{"id":40005},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40008,40009,40010,40012],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40011,2254],{}," returns a float version of it:",[35,40014,40016],{"className":37,"code":40015,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40017,40018],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40019,40020,40022,40024,40026,40028,40030],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40021,100],{"class":99},[44,40023,103],{"class":58},[44,40025,1562],{"class":121},[44,40027,103],{"class":58},[44,40029,1733],{"class":62},[44,40031,993],{"class":58},[20,40033,111],{},[35,40035,40036],{"className":37,"code":1757,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,40037,40038],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40039,40040],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40041,1757],{"class":62},[131,40043,40045],{"id":40044},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40047,40048,40049,86],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40050,2254],{},[347,40052,40054],{"id":40053},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40056,40057,40058,2255],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40059,40060],{},"ValueError",[35,40062,40064],{"className":37,"code":40063,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40065,40066],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40067,40068,40070,40072,40074,40076,40078,40080,40082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40069,100],{"class":99},[44,40071,103],{"class":58},[44,40073,1562],{"class":121},[44,40075,103],{"class":58},[44,40077,236],{"class":235},[44,40079,3214],{"class":239},[44,40081,236],{"class":235},[44,40083,993],{"class":58},[20,40085,29029],{},[35,40087,40089],{"className":37,"code":40088,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40090,40091],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40092,40093,40095,40097,40100,40102,40105,40107,40109,40111,40113],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40094,40060],{"class":121},[44,40096,2255],{"class":58},[44,40098,40099],{"class":50}," could ",[44,40101,604],{"class":54},[44,40103,40104],{"class":50}," convert string to ",[44,40106,1562],{"class":121},[44,40108,2255],{"class":58},[44,40110,1012],{"class":235},[44,40112,3214],{"class":239},[44,40114,29048],{"class":235},[20,40116,40117],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[35,40119,40121],{"className":37,"code":40120,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40122,40123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40124,40125,40127,40129,40131,40133,40135],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40126,100],{"class":99},[44,40128,103],{"class":58},[44,40130,1562],{"class":121},[44,40132,103],{"class":58},[44,40134,5643],{"class":235},[44,40136,993],{"class":58},[347,40138,40140],{"id":40139},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40142,40143],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[35,40145,40147],{"className":37,"code":40146,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40148,40149],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40150,40151,40153,40155,40157,40159,40161,40163,40165,40167,40169],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40152,100],{"class":99},[44,40154,103],{"class":58},[44,40156,1562],{"class":121},[44,40158,2357],{"class":58},[44,40160,63],{"class":62},[44,40162,66],{"class":58},[44,40164,69],{"class":62},[44,40166,66],{"class":58},[44,40168,74],{"class":62},[44,40170,2370],{"class":58},[20,40172,29029],{},[35,40174,40176],{"className":37,"code":40175,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40177,40178],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40179,40180,40182,40184,40186,40188,40191,40194,40197,40199,40201,40203,40205],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40181,2376],{"class":121},[44,40183,2255],{"class":58},[44,40185,39611],{"class":121},[44,40187,6738],{"class":58},[44,40189,40190],{"class":50}," argument must be a string ",[44,40192,40193],{"class":54},"or",[44,40195,40196],{"class":50}," a real number",[44,40198,66],{"class":58},[44,40200,7473],{"class":54},[44,40202,1012],{"class":235},[44,40204,7467],{"class":239},[44,40206,29048],{"class":235},[347,40208,40210],{"id":40209},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40212,40213],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[35,40215,40217],{"className":37,"code":40216,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40218,40219],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40220,40221,40223,40225,40227,40229,40231,40234,40236],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40222,100],{"class":99},[44,40224,103],{"class":58},[44,40226,1562],{"class":121},[44,40228,103],{"class":58},[44,40230,236],{"class":235},[44,40232,40233],{"class":239},"3,14",[44,40235,236],{"class":235},[44,40237,993],{"class":58},[20,40239,2373,40240,86],{},[15,40241,40060],{},[20,40243,40244,40245,342,40249,86],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[167,40246,40248],{"href":40247},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[167,40250,40252],{"href":40251},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[131,40254,596],{"id":595},[20,40256,40257,40259],{},[15,40258,2254],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40261,40262,40263,40265],{},"It does ",[30,40264,604],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40267,1578],{},[35,40269,40271],{"className":37,"code":40270,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40272,40273,40286,40300,40304,40314,40324,40338],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40274,40275,40277,40279,40281,40284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40276,34039],{"class":50},[44,40278,55],{"class":54},[44,40280,247],{"class":235},[44,40282,40283],{"class":239},"6.5",[44,40285,2727],{"class":235},[44,40287,40288,40290,40292,40294,40296,40298],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,40289,1588],{"class":50},[44,40291,55],{"class":54},[44,40293,39611],{"class":121},[44,40295,103],{"class":58},[44,40297,34060],{"class":89},[44,40299,108],{"class":58},[44,40301,40302],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,40303,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,40305,40306,40308,40310,40312],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,40307,100],{"class":99},[44,40309,103],{"class":58},[44,40311,34060],{"class":89},[44,40313,108],{"class":58},[44,40315,40316,40318,40320,40322],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,40317,100],{"class":99},[44,40319,103],{"class":58},[44,40321,1610],{"class":89},[44,40323,108],{"class":58},[44,40325,40326,40328,40330,40332,40334,40336],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,40327,100],{"class":99},[44,40329,103],{"class":58},[44,40331,985],{"class":121},[44,40333,103],{"class":58},[44,40335,34060],{"class":89},[44,40337,993],{"class":58},[44,40339,40340,40342,40344,40346,40348,40350],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,40341,100],{"class":99},[44,40343,103],{"class":58},[44,40345,985],{"class":121},[44,40347,103],{"class":58},[44,40349,1610],{"class":89},[44,40351,993],{"class":58},[20,40353,111],{},[35,40355,40357],{"className":37,"code":40356,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40358,40359,40364,40368,40382],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40360,40361],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40362,40363],{"class":62},"6.5\n",[44,40365,40366],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,40367,40363],{"class":62},[44,40369,40370,40372,40374,40376,40378,40380],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,40371,1005],{"class":54},[44,40373,1009],{"class":1008},[44,40375,1012],{"class":235},[44,40377,2812],{"class":239},[44,40379,1018],{"class":235},[44,40381,1021],{"class":54},[44,40383,40384,40386,40388,40390,40392,40394],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,40385,1005],{"class":54},[44,40387,1009],{"class":1008},[44,40389,1012],{"class":235},[44,40391,1562],{"class":239},[44,40393,1018],{"class":235},[44,40395,1021],{"class":54},[20,40397,40398],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[131,40400,40402],{"id":40401},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[347,40404,40406,40407,40409],{"id":40405},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40408,2329],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40411,140,40412,40416,40417,86],{},[167,40413,40414,1673],{"href":7593},[15,40415,2329],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40418,2254],{},[35,40420,40422],{"className":37,"code":40421,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,40423,40424,40443,40457,40461],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40425,40426,40428,40430,40432,40434,40436,40439,40441],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40427,7611],{"class":50},[44,40429,55],{"class":54},[44,40431,7616],{"class":99},[44,40433,103],{"class":58},[44,40435,236],{"class":235},[44,40437,40438],{"class":239},"Enter a price: ",[44,40440,236],{"class":235},[44,40442,108],{"class":58},[44,40444,40445,40447,40449,40451,40453,40455],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,40446,39743],{"class":50},[44,40448,55],{"class":54},[44,40450,39611],{"class":121},[44,40452,103],{"class":58},[44,40454,7640],{"class":89},[44,40456,108],{"class":58},[44,40458,40459],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,40460,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,40462,40463,40465,40467,40469,40471,40473],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,40464,100],{"class":99},[44,40466,103],{"class":58},[44,40468,39743],{"class":89},[44,40470,39228],{"class":54},[44,40472,69],{"class":62},[44,40474,108],{"class":58},[20,40476,40477,40478,40481],{},"If the user enters ",[15,40479,40480],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[35,40483,40485],{"className":37,"code":40484,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"9.0\n",[15,40486,40487],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40488,40489],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40490,40484],{"class":62},[20,40492,40493,40494,86],{},"For more help with this, see ",[167,40495,8351],{"href":8350},[347,40497,40499],{"id":40498},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[35,40501,40503],{"className":37,"code":40502,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,40504,40505,40518,40531,40535,40560],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40506,40507,40509,40511,40513,40516],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40508,1095],{"class":50},[44,40510,55],{"class":54},[44,40512,247],{"class":235},[44,40514,40515],{"class":239},"2.5",[44,40517,2727],{"class":235},[44,40519,40520,40522,40524,40526,40529],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,40521,1122],{"class":50},[44,40523,55],{"class":54},[44,40525,247],{"class":235},[44,40527,40528],{"class":239},"1.5",[44,40530,2727],{"class":235},[44,40532,40533],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,40534,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,40536,40537,40540,40542,40544,40546,40548,40550,40552,40554,40556,40558],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,40538,40539],{"class":50},"total ",[44,40541,55],{"class":54},[44,40543,39611],{"class":121},[44,40545,103],{"class":58},[44,40547,167],{"class":89},[44,40549,3032],{"class":58},[44,40551,1824],{"class":54},[44,40553,39611],{"class":121},[44,40555,103],{"class":58},[44,40557,1164],{"class":89},[44,40559,108],{"class":58},[44,40561,40562,40564,40566,40569],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,40563,100],{"class":99},[44,40565,103],{"class":58},[44,40567,40568],{"class":89},"total",[44,40570,108],{"class":58},[20,40572,111],{},[35,40574,40576],{"className":37,"code":40575,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4.0\n",[15,40577,40578],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40579,40580],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40581,40575],{"class":62},[347,40583,40585],{"id":40584},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,40587,40588],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[35,40590,40592],{"className":37,"code":40591,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,40593,40594,40604,40619,40623],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40595,40596,40599,40601],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40597,40598],{"class":50},"count ",[44,40600,55],{"class":54},[44,40602,40603],{"class":62}," 7\n",[44,40605,40606,40608,40610,40612,40614,40617],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,40607,644],{"class":50},[44,40609,55],{"class":54},[44,40611,39611],{"class":121},[44,40613,103],{"class":58},[44,40615,40616],{"class":89},"count",[44,40618,108],{"class":58},[44,40620,40621],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,40622,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,40624,40625,40627,40629,40631],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,40626,100],{"class":99},[44,40628,103],{"class":58},[44,40630,668],{"class":89},[44,40632,108],{"class":58},[20,40634,111],{},[35,40636,40638],{"className":37,"code":40637,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7.0\n",[15,40639,40640],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40641,40642],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40643,40637],{"class":62},[347,40645,40647],{"id":40646},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,40649,40650,40651,40653],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,40652,2254],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[35,40655,40657],{"className":37,"code":40656,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,40658,40659,40673,40689,40693],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40660,40661,40664,40666,40668,40671],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40662,40663],{"class":50},"temperature_text ",[44,40665,55],{"class":54},[44,40667,247],{"class":235},[44,40669,40670],{"class":239},"21.8",[44,40672,2727],{"class":235},[44,40674,40675,40678,40680,40682,40684,40687],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,40676,40677],{"class":50},"temperature ",[44,40679,55],{"class":54},[44,40681,39611],{"class":121},[44,40683,103],{"class":58},[44,40685,40686],{"class":89},"temperature_text",[44,40688,108],{"class":58},[44,40690,40691],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,40692,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,40694,40695,40697,40699,40702],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,40696,100],{"class":99},[44,40698,103],{"class":58},[44,40700,40701],{"class":89},"temperature",[44,40703,108],{"class":58},[131,40705,40707],{"id":40706},"special-values","Special values",[20,40709,40710,40712],{},[15,40711,2254],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[347,40714,40716],{"id":40715},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[35,40718,40720],{"className":37,"code":40719,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,40721,40722],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40723,40724,40726,40728,40730,40732,40734,40737,40739],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40725,100],{"class":99},[44,40727,103],{"class":58},[44,40729,1562],{"class":121},[44,40731,103],{"class":58},[44,40733,236],{"class":235},[44,40735,40736],{"class":239},"inf",[44,40738,236],{"class":235},[44,40740,993],{"class":58},[20,40742,111],{},[35,40744,40746],{"className":37,"code":40745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"inf\n",[15,40747,40748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40749,40750],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40751,40745],{"class":50},[347,40753,40755],{"id":40754},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[35,40757,40759],{"className":37,"code":40758,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,40760,40761],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40762,40763,40765,40767,40769,40771,40773,40776,40778],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40764,100],{"class":99},[44,40766,103],{"class":58},[44,40768,1562],{"class":121},[44,40770,103],{"class":58},[44,40772,236],{"class":235},[44,40774,40775],{"class":239},"-inf",[44,40777,236],{"class":235},[44,40779,993],{"class":58},[20,40781,111],{},[35,40783,40785],{"className":37,"code":40784,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-inf\n",[15,40786,40787],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40788,40789,40791],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40790,1391],{"class":54},[44,40792,40745],{"class":50},[347,40794,40796],{"id":40795},"not-a-number","Not a number",[35,40798,40800],{"className":37,"code":40799,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,40801,40802],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40803,40804,40806,40808,40810,40812,40814,40817,40819],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40805,100],{"class":99},[44,40807,103],{"class":58},[44,40809,1562],{"class":121},[44,40811,103],{"class":58},[44,40813,236],{"class":235},[44,40815,40816],{"class":239},"nan",[44,40818,236],{"class":235},[44,40820,993],{"class":58},[20,40822,111],{},[35,40824,40826],{"className":37,"code":40825,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nan\n",[15,40827,40828],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40829,40830],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40831,40825],{"class":50},[20,40833,40834],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[145,40836,40837,40842,40847],{},[148,40838,40839,40841],{},[15,40840,40736],{}," means positive infinity",[148,40843,40844,40846],{},[15,40845,40775],{}," means negative infinity",[148,40848,40849,40851],{},[15,40850,40816],{}," means “not a number”",[20,40853,40854,40855,40857],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,40856,2254],{}," accepts them.",[131,40859,40861],{"id":40860},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,40863,40864,40865,40867],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,40866,2254],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[347,40869,40060],{"id":40870},"valueerror",[20,40872,14542,40873,40875],{},[15,40874,40060],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,40877,40878],{},"Common causes:",[145,40880,40881,40887,40890,40893],{},[148,40882,40883,40884],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,40885,40886],{},"\"abc\"",[148,40888,40889],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[148,40891,40892],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[148,40894,4074,40895],{},[167,40896,40897,40899],{"href":7593},[15,40898,2329],{}," returns a string",[20,40901,1578],{},[35,40903,40905],{"className":37,"code":40904,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,40906,40907,40920],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40908,40909,40911,40913,40915,40918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40910,1817],{"class":50},[44,40912,55],{"class":54},[44,40914,247],{"class":235},[44,40916,40917],{"class":239},"abc",[44,40919,2727],{"class":235},[44,40921,40922,40924,40926,40928,40930,40932],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,40923,100],{"class":99},[44,40925,103],{"class":58},[44,40927,1562],{"class":121},[44,40929,103],{"class":58},[44,40931,1843],{"class":89},[44,40933,993],{"class":58},[347,40935,2376],{"id":40936},"typeerror",[20,40938,14542,40939,40941],{},[15,40940,2376],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,40943,40878],{},[145,40945,40946,40949,40952],{},[148,40947,40948],{},"Passing a list",[148,40950,40951],{},"Passing a dictionary",[148,40953,40954],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,40956,1578],{},[35,40958,40960],{"className":37,"code":40959,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,40961,40962,40987],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40963,40964,40966,40968,40970,40972,40974,40976,40978,40980,40983,40985],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40965,1817],{"class":50},[44,40967,55],{"class":54},[44,40969,59],{"class":58},[44,40971,236],{"class":235},[44,40973,24498],{"class":239},[44,40975,236],{"class":235},[44,40977,2255],{"class":58},[44,40979,247],{"class":235},[44,40981,40982],{"class":239},"9.99",[44,40984,236],{"class":235},[44,40986,77],{"class":58},[44,40988,40989,40991,40993,40995,40997,40999],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,40990,100],{"class":99},[44,40992,103],{"class":58},[44,40994,1562],{"class":121},[44,40996,103],{"class":58},[44,40998,1843],{"class":89},[44,41000,993],{"class":58},[347,41002,41004],{"id":41003},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41006,41007,41008,41011],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41009,41010],{},"strip()"," can help:",[35,41013,41015],{"className":37,"code":41014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41016,41017,41030,41045,41049],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41018,41019,41021,41023,41025,41028],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41020,1817],{"class":50},[44,41022,55],{"class":54},[44,41024,247],{"class":235},[44,41026,41027],{"class":239},"  7.25  ",[44,41029,2727],{"class":235},[44,41031,41032,41035,41037,41039,41041,41043],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,41033,41034],{"class":50},"clean_value ",[44,41036,55],{"class":54},[44,41038,7807],{"class":50},[44,41040,86],{"class":58},[44,41042,8008],{"class":89},[44,41044,93],{"class":58},[44,41046,41047],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,41048,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,41050,41051,41053,41055,41057,41059,41062],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,41052,100],{"class":99},[44,41054,103],{"class":58},[44,41056,1562],{"class":121},[44,41058,103],{"class":58},[44,41060,41061],{"class":89},"clean_value",[44,41063,993],{"class":58},[20,41065,111],{},[35,41067,41069],{"className":37,"code":41068,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7.25\n",[15,41070,41071],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41072,41073],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41074,41068],{"class":62},[347,41076,41078],{"id":41077},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41080,41081],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[35,41083,41085],{"className":37,"code":41084,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41086,41087,41100,41104,41114,41128,41143,41147,41161],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41088,41089,41091,41093,41095,41098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41090,1817],{"class":50},[44,41092,55],{"class":54},[44,41094,247],{"class":235},[44,41096,41097],{"class":239}," 3.5 ",[44,41099,2727],{"class":235},[44,41101,41102],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,41103,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,41105,41106,41108,41110,41112],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,41107,100],{"class":99},[44,41109,103],{"class":58},[44,41111,1843],{"class":89},[44,41113,108],{"class":58},[44,41115,41116,41118,41120,41122,41124,41126],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,41117,100],{"class":99},[44,41119,103],{"class":58},[44,41121,985],{"class":121},[44,41123,103],{"class":58},[44,41125,1843],{"class":89},[44,41127,993],{"class":58},[44,41129,41130,41132,41134,41137,41139,41141],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,41131,100],{"class":99},[44,41133,103],{"class":58},[44,41135,41136],{"class":99},"repr",[44,41138,103],{"class":58},[44,41140,1843],{"class":89},[44,41142,993],{"class":58},[44,41144,41145],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,41146,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,41148,41149,41151,41153,41155,41157,41159],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,41150,41034],{"class":50},[44,41152,55],{"class":54},[44,41154,7807],{"class":50},[44,41156,86],{"class":58},[44,41158,8008],{"class":89},[44,41160,93],{"class":58},[44,41162,41163,41165,41167,41169,41171,41173],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,41164,100],{"class":99},[44,41166,103],{"class":58},[44,41168,1562],{"class":121},[44,41170,103],{"class":58},[44,41172,41061],{"class":89},[44,41174,993],{"class":58},[20,41176,41177],{},"Why this helps:",[145,41179,41180,41186,41191,41197],{},[148,41181,41182,41185],{},[15,41183,41184],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[148,41187,41188,20715],{},[15,41189,41190],{},"print(type(value))",[148,41192,41193,41196],{},[15,41194,41195],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[148,41198,41199,41201],{},[15,41200,41010],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[347,41203,41205],{"id":41204},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41207,41208],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[35,41210,41212],{"className":37,"code":41211,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41213,41214,41233,41237,41243,41258,41277,41286],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41215,41216,41218,41220,41222,41224,41226,41229,41231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41217,1817],{"class":50},[44,41219,55],{"class":54},[44,41221,7616],{"class":99},[44,41223,103],{"class":58},[44,41225,236],{"class":235},[44,41227,41228],{"class":239},"Enter a number: ",[44,41230,236],{"class":235},[44,41232,108],{"class":58},[44,41234,41235],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,41236,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,41238,41239,41241],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,41240,29152],{"class":3245},[44,41242,5764],{"class":58},[44,41244,41245,41248,41250,41252,41254,41256],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,41246,41247],{"class":50},"    number ",[44,41249,55],{"class":54},[44,41251,39611],{"class":121},[44,41253,103],{"class":58},[44,41255,1843],{"class":89},[44,41257,108],{"class":58},[44,41259,41260,41262,41264,41266,41269,41271,41273,41275],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,41261,7442],{"class":99},[44,41263,103],{"class":58},[44,41265,236],{"class":235},[44,41267,41268],{"class":239},"Converted:",[44,41270,236],{"class":235},[44,41272,66],{"class":58},[44,41274,1567],{"class":89},[44,41276,108],{"class":58},[44,41278,41279,41281,41284],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,41280,29183],{"class":3245},[44,41282,41283],{"class":121}," ValueError",[44,41285,5764],{"class":58},[44,41287,41288,41290,41292,41294,41297,41299],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,41289,7442],{"class":99},[44,41291,103],{"class":58},[44,41293,236],{"class":235},[44,41295,41296],{"class":239},"That is not a valid number.",[44,41298,236],{"class":235},[44,41300,108],{"class":58},[20,41302,41303,41304,86],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[167,41305,40252],{"href":40251},[131,41307,41309],{"id":41308},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41311,9958,41312,342,41314,41316],{},[15,41313,2254],{},[15,41315,2248],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41318,41319,41321],{},[15,41320,2254],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[35,41323,41325],{"className":37,"code":41324,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41326,41327],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41328,41329,41331,41333,41335,41337,41339,41342,41344],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41330,100],{"class":99},[44,41332,103],{"class":58},[44,41334,1562],{"class":121},[44,41336,103],{"class":58},[44,41338,236],{"class":235},[44,41340,41341],{"class":239},"3.9",[44,41343,236],{"class":235},[44,41345,993],{"class":58},[20,41347,111],{},[35,41349,41351],{"className":37,"code":41350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.9\n",[15,41352,41353],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41354,41355],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41356,41350],{"class":62},[20,41358,41359,41361],{},[15,41360,2248],{}," creates whole numbers:",[35,41363,41365],{"className":37,"code":41364,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41366,41367],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41368,41369,41371,41373,41375,41377,41379,41381,41383],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41370,100],{"class":99},[44,41372,103],{"class":58},[44,41374,1558],{"class":121},[44,41376,103],{"class":58},[44,41378,236],{"class":235},[44,41380,1701],{"class":239},[44,41382,236],{"class":235},[44,41384,993],{"class":58},[20,41386,111],{},[35,41388,41389],{"className":37,"code":1747,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,41390,41391],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41392,41393],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41394,1747],{"class":62},[20,41396,41397,41398,41401],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41399,41400],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[35,41403,41405],{"className":37,"code":41404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41406,41407],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41408,41409,41411,41413,41415,41417,41419,41421,41423],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41410,100],{"class":99},[44,41412,103],{"class":58},[44,41414,1558],{"class":121},[44,41416,103],{"class":58},[44,41418,236],{"class":235},[44,41420,41341],{"class":239},[44,41422,236],{"class":235},[44,41424,993],{"class":58},[20,41426,2373,41427,7975,41429,41432],{},[15,41428,40060],{},[15,41430,41431],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,41434,10081],{},[145,41436,41437,41443],{},[148,41438,41439,41442],{},[15,41440,41441],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[148,41444,41445,41447],{},[15,41446,41400],{}," fails",[20,41449,41450,41451,41454,41455,41457],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[167,41452,41453],{"href":2245},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[167,41456,1790],{"href":1789}," helpful.",[131,41459,1196],{"id":1195},[347,41461,41463],{"id":41462},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,41465,41466,41467,945,41469,86],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,41468,1862],{},[15,41470,39499],{},[347,41472,41474],{"id":41473},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,41476,41477,41478,945,41481,86],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,41479,41480],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,41482,41483],{},"\"10\"",[347,41485,41487],{"id":41486},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,41489,1187,41490,41492,41493,86],{},[15,41491,40886],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,41494,40060],{},[347,41496,41498],{"id":41497},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,41500,608,41501,86],{},[15,41502,3139],{},[347,41504,41506],{"id":41505},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,41508,41509,41510,41512,41513,342,41516,41512,41518,86],{},"Yes. ",[15,41511,2974],{}," becomes ",[15,41514,41515],{},"1.0",[15,41517,3046],{},[15,41519,3139],{},[131,41521,1251],{"id":1250},[145,41523,41524,41528,41534,41539,41543,41547],{},[148,41525,41526],{},[167,41527,41453],{"href":2245},[148,41529,41530],{},[167,41531,41533],{"href":41532},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[148,41535,41536],{},[167,41537,41538],{"href":40247},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[148,41540,41541],{},[167,41542,8428],{"href":8350},[148,41544,41545],{},[167,41546,40252],{"href":40251},[148,41548,41549],{},[167,41550,41551],{"href":7593},"Python input() Function Explained",[1294,41553,41554],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":41556},[41557,41558,41559,41560,41567,41572,41573,41580,41585,41592,41593,41600],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":39546,"depth":80,"text":39547},{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":39771,"depth":80,"text":39772,"children":41561},[41562,41563,41564,41565,41566],{"id":39780,"depth":96,"text":39781},{"id":39844,"depth":96,"text":39845},{"id":39908,"depth":96,"text":39909},{"id":39950,"depth":96,"text":39951},{"id":40005,"depth":96,"text":40006},{"id":40044,"depth":80,"text":40045,"children":41568},[41569,41570,41571],{"id":40053,"depth":96,"text":40054},{"id":40139,"depth":96,"text":40140},{"id":40209,"depth":96,"text":40210},{"id":595,"depth":80,"text":596},{"id":40401,"depth":80,"text":40402,"children":41574},[41575,41577,41578,41579],{"id":40405,"depth":96,"text":41576},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":40498,"depth":96,"text":40499},{"id":40584,"depth":96,"text":40585},{"id":40646,"depth":96,"text":40647},{"id":40706,"depth":80,"text":40707,"children":41581},[41582,41583,41584],{"id":40715,"depth":96,"text":40716},{"id":40754,"depth":96,"text":40755},{"id":40795,"depth":96,"text":40796},{"id":40860,"depth":80,"text":40861,"children":41586},[41587,41588,41589,41590,41591],{"id":40870,"depth":96,"text":40060},{"id":40936,"depth":96,"text":2376},{"id":41003,"depth":96,"text":41004},{"id":41077,"depth":96,"text":41078},{"id":41204,"depth":96,"text":41205},{"id":41308,"depth":80,"text":41309},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":41594},[41595,41596,41597,41598,41599],{"id":41462,"depth":96,"text":41463},{"id":41473,"depth":96,"text":41474},{"id":41486,"depth":96,"text":41487},{"id":41497,"depth":96,"text":41498},{"id":41505,"depth":96,"text":41506},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39447,"description":41601},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":41608,"title":41609,"body":41610,"description":42831,"extension":1331,"meta":42832,"navigation":268,"path":34376,"seo":42833,"stem":42834,"__hash__":42835},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":41611,"toc":42797},[41612,41615,41620,41623,41625,41664,41678,41682,41687,41690,41707,41710,41720,41735,41738,41740,41743,41759,41762,41765,41785,41789,41800,41803,41807,41811,41825,41860,41864,41875,41910,41913,41915,41923,41956,41972,41974,41984,42005,42016,42018,42023,42026,42040,42042,42061,42064,42077,42080,42084,42088,42102,42105,42123,42126,42141,42145,42150,42164,42170,42172,42229,42231,42264,42267,42283,42287,42294,42298,42303,42306,42317,42321,42326,42341,42350,42355,42374,42377,42389,42391,42396,42406,42409,42438,42443,42452,42456,42461,42464,42468,42473,42475,42505,42508,42515,42520,42525,42529,42532,42540,42543,42621,42624,42646,42648,42652,42655,42659,42665,42728,42732,42740,42744,42747,42749,42774,42794],[10,41613,41609],{"id":41614},"python-help-function-explained",[20,41616,2952,41617,41619],{},[15,41618,34379],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,41621,41622],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[131,41624,1372],{"id":1371},[35,41626,41628],{"className":37,"code":41627,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,41629,41630,41640,41650],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41631,41632,41634,41636,41638],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41633,31502],{"class":99},[44,41635,103],{"class":58},[44,41637,10529],{"class":99},[44,41639,108],{"class":58},[44,41641,41642,41644,41646,41648],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,41643,31502],{"class":99},[44,41645,103],{"class":58},[44,41647,2812],{"class":121},[44,41649,108],{"class":58},[44,41651,41652,41654,41656,41658,41660,41662],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,41653,31502],{"class":99},[44,41655,103],{"class":58},[44,41657,1018],{"class":235},[44,41659,34010],{"class":239},[44,41661,1018],{"class":235},[44,41663,108],{"class":58},[20,41665,1462,41666,41668,41669,945,41671,41673,41674,41677],{},[15,41667,34379],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,41670,10529],{},[15,41672,2812],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,41675,41676],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[131,41679,41681],{"id":41680},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,41683,41684,41686],{},[15,41685,34379],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,41688,41689],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[145,41691,41692,41695,41698,41701,41704],{},[148,41693,41694],{},"Functions",[148,41696,41697],{},"Classes",[148,41699,41700],{},"Methods",[148,41702,41703],{},"Modules",[148,41705,41706],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,41708,41709],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,41711,41712,41713,41719],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[167,41714,41716],{"href":41715},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,41717,41718],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[35,41721,41723],{"className":37,"code":41722,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\n",[15,41724,41725],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41726,41727,41729,41731,41733],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41728,31502],{"class":99},[44,41730,103],{"class":58},[44,41732,10529],{"class":99},[44,41734,108],{"class":58},[20,41736,41737],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[131,41739,175],{"id":174},[20,41741,41742],{},"The main form is:",[35,41744,41746],{"className":37,"code":41745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(object)\n",[15,41747,41748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41749,41750,41752,41754,41757],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41751,31502],{"class":99},[44,41753,103],{"class":58},[44,41755,41756],{"class":121},"object",[44,41758,108],{"class":58},[20,41760,41761],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,41763,41764],{},"Common examples include:",[145,41766,41767,41771,41776,41780],{},[148,41768,41769],{},[15,41770,10529],{},[148,41772,41773],{},[15,41774,41775],{},"list.append",[148,41777,41778],{},[15,41779,2812],{},[148,41781,41782],{},[15,41783,41784],{},"open",[20,41786,6547,41787,6550],{},[15,41788,34379],{},[35,41790,41792],{"className":37,"code":41791,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help()\n",[15,41793,41794],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41795,41796,41798],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41797,31502],{"class":99},[44,41799,93],{"class":58},[20,41801,41802],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[131,41804,41806],{"id":41805},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[347,41808,41810],{"id":41809},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,41812,41813,41814,1559,41816,1559,41818,16422,41821,86],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,41815,10529],{},[15,41817,100],{},[15,41819,41820],{},"input",[167,41822,41823],{"href":1669},[15,41824,1672],{},[35,41826,41828],{"className":37,"code":41827,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,41829,41830,41840,41850],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41831,41832,41834,41836,41838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41833,31502],{"class":99},[44,41835,103],{"class":58},[44,41837,100],{"class":99},[44,41839,108],{"class":58},[44,41841,41842,41844,41846,41848],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,41843,31502],{"class":99},[44,41845,103],{"class":58},[44,41847,41820],{"class":99},[44,41849,108],{"class":58},[44,41851,41852,41854,41856,41858],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,41853,31502],{"class":99},[44,41855,103],{"class":58},[44,41857,985],{"class":121},[44,41859,108],{"class":58},[347,41861,41863],{"id":41862},"data-types","Data types",[20,41865,41866,41867,1559,41869,1559,41871,16422,41873,86],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,41868,2812],{},[15,41870,7467],{},[15,41872,1015],{},[15,41874,122],{},[35,41876,41878],{"className":37,"code":41877,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,41879,41880,41890,41900],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41881,41882,41884,41886,41888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41883,31502],{"class":99},[44,41885,103],{"class":58},[44,41887,2812],{"class":121},[44,41889,108],{"class":58},[44,41891,41892,41894,41896,41898],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,41893,31502],{"class":99},[44,41895,103],{"class":58},[44,41897,7467],{"class":121},[44,41899,108],{"class":58},[44,41901,41902,41904,41906,41908],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,41903,31502],{"class":99},[44,41905,103],{"class":58},[44,41907,1015],{"class":121},[44,41909,108],{"class":58},[20,41911,41912],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[347,41914,41700],{"id":33857},[20,41916,41917,41918,342,41921,86],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,41919,41920],{},"str.split",[15,41922,41775],{},[35,41924,41926],{"className":37,"code":41925,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,41927,41928,41942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41929,41930,41932,41934,41936,41938,41940],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41931,31502],{"class":99},[44,41933,103],{"class":58},[44,41935,2812],{"class":121},[44,41937,86],{"class":58},[44,41939,33820],{"class":24098},[44,41941,108],{"class":58},[44,41943,41944,41946,41948,41950,41952,41954],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,41945,31502],{"class":99},[44,41947,103],{"class":58},[44,41949,7467],{"class":121},[44,41951,86],{"class":58},[44,41953,12907],{"class":24098},[44,41955,108],{"class":58},[20,41957,41958,41959,8078,41961,27662,41966,41968,41969,41971],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,41960,34379],{},[167,41962,41964],{"href":41963},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,41965,33662],{},[15,41967,33662],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,41970,34379],{}," explains one of them.",[347,41973,41703],{"id":34010},[20,41975,41976,41977,1559,41979,16422,41981,86],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,41978,17764],{},[15,41980,34542],{},[15,41982,41983],{},"os",[35,41985,41987],{"className":37,"code":41986,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,41988,41989,41995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41990,41991,41993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41992,34443],{"class":3245},[44,41994,34446],{"class":50},[44,41996,41997,41999,42001,42003],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,41998,31502],{"class":99},[44,42000,103],{"class":58},[44,42002,17764],{"class":89},[44,42004,108],{"class":58},[20,42006,42007,42008,42012,42013,86],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[167,42009,42011],{"href":42010},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[167,42014,34509],{"href":42015},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[131,42017,34270],{"id":34269},[20,42019,42020,42022],{},[15,42021,34379],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42024,42025],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[145,42027,42028,42031,42034,42037],{},[148,42029,42030],{},"The function signature",[148,42032,42033],{},"The short description",[148,42035,42036],{},"Parameter names",[148,42038,42039],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42041,4841],{},[35,42043,42045],{"className":37,"code":42044,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42046,42047],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42048,42049,42051,42053,42055,42057,42059],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42050,31502],{"class":99},[44,42052,103],{"class":58},[44,42054,2812],{"class":121},[44,42056,86],{"class":58},[44,42058,33820],{"class":24098},[44,42060,108],{"class":58},[20,42062,42063],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[145,42065,42066,42069,42072,42074],{},[148,42067,42068],{},"What object this is",[148,42070,42071],{},"What arguments it accepts",[148,42073,21318],{},[148,42075,42076],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42078,42079],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[131,42081,42083],{"id":42082},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42085,42086,29222],{},[15,42087,34379],{},[145,42089,42090,42093,42096,42099],{},[148,42091,42092],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[148,42094,42095],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[148,42097,42098],{},"You are exploring a new module",[148,42100,42101],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42103,42104],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[35,42106,42107],{"className":37,"code":42044,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,42108,42109],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42110,42111,42113,42115,42117,42119,42121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42112,31502],{"class":99},[44,42114,103],{"class":58},[44,42116,2812],{"class":121},[44,42118,86],{"class":58},[44,42120,33820],{"class":24098},[44,42122,108],{"class":58},[20,42124,42125],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[35,42127,42129],{"className":37,"code":42128,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(open)\n",[15,42130,42131],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42132,42133,42135,42137,42139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42134,31502],{"class":99},[44,42136,103],{"class":58},[44,42138,41784],{"class":99},[44,42140,108],{"class":58},[131,42142,42144],{"id":42143},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42146,42147,42149],{},[15,42148,34379],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[145,42151,42152,42155,42158,42161],{},[148,42153,42154],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[148,42156,42157],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[148,42159,42160],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[148,42162,42163],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42165,42166,42167,42169],{},"So, ",[15,42168,34379],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42171,4841],{},[35,42173,42175],{"className":37,"code":42174,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42176,42177,42190,42214,42218],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42178,42179,42181,42183,42185,42188],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42180,34039],{"class":50},[44,42182,55],{"class":54},[44,42184,247],{"class":235},[44,42186,42187],{"class":239},"a,b,c",[44,42189,2727],{"class":235},[44,42191,42192,42195,42197,42200,42202,42204,42206,42208,42210,42212],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,42193,42194],{"class":50},"parts ",[44,42196,55],{"class":54},[44,42198,42199],{"class":50}," text",[44,42201,86],{"class":58},[44,42203,33820],{"class":89},[44,42205,103],{"class":58},[44,42207,236],{"class":235},[44,42209,66],{"class":239},[44,42211,236],{"class":235},[44,42213,108],{"class":58},[44,42215,42216],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,42217,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,42219,42220,42222,42224,42227],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,42221,100],{"class":99},[44,42223,103],{"class":58},[44,42225,42226],{"class":89},"parts",[44,42228,108],{"class":58},[20,42230,4929],{},[35,42232,42234],{"className":37,"code":42233,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42235,42236],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42237,42238,42240,42242,42244,42246,42248,42250,42252,42254,42256,42258,42260,42262],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42239,3270],{"class":58},[44,42241,1018],{"class":235},[44,42243,167],{"class":239},[44,42245,1018],{"class":235},[44,42247,66],{"class":58},[44,42249,1012],{"class":235},[44,42251,1164],{"class":239},[44,42253,1018],{"class":235},[44,42255,66],{"class":58},[44,42257,1012],{"class":235},[44,42259,9109],{"class":239},[44,42261,1018],{"class":235},[44,42263,3006],{"class":58},[20,42265,42266],{},"A good workflow is:",[28062,42268,42269,42274,42277,42280],{},[148,42270,1462,42271,42273],{},[15,42272,34379],{}," to inspect something",[148,42275,42276],{},"Write a tiny example",[148,42278,42279],{},"Check the result",[148,42281,42282],{},"Repeat",[131,42284,42286],{"id":42285},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42288,42289,342,42291,42293],{},[15,42290,34379],{},[15,42292,33662],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[347,42295,42296],{"id":31502},[15,42297,34379],{},[20,42299,1462,42300,42302],{},[15,42301,34379],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42304,42305],{},"It tells you:",[145,42307,42308,42311,42314],{},[148,42309,42310],{},"What something is",[148,42312,42313],{},"How to use it",[148,42315,42316],{},"What parameters it accepts",[347,42318,42319],{"id":33723},[15,42320,33662],{},[20,42322,1462,42323,42325],{},[15,42324,33662],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[35,42327,42329],{"className":37,"code":42328,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dir(str)\n",[15,42330,42331],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42332,42333,42335,42337,42339],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42334,33723],{"class":99},[44,42336,103],{"class":58},[44,42338,2812],{"class":121},[44,42340,108],{"class":58},[20,42342,42343,42344,1559,42346,16422,42348,86],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42345,33820],{},[15,42347,8008],{},[15,42349,8014],{},[20,42351,42352,42353,2255],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42354,34379],{},[35,42356,42358],{"className":37,"code":42357,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42359,42360],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42361,42362,42364,42366,42368,42370,42372],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42363,31502],{"class":99},[44,42365,103],{"class":58},[44,42367,2812],{"class":121},[44,42369,86],{"class":58},[44,42371,8014],{"class":24098},[44,42373,108],{"class":58},[20,42375,42376],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[145,42378,42379,42384],{},[148,42380,1462,42381,42383],{},[15,42382,33662],{}," to discover options",[148,42385,1462,42386,42388],{},[15,42387,34379],{}," to understand one option",[131,42390,2200],{"id":2199},[20,42392,42393,42394,86],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42395,34379],{},[347,42397,350,42399,42402,42403],{"id":42398},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42400,42401],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42404,42405],{},"help(len)",[20,42407,42408],{},"These are not always the same.",[35,42410,42412],{"className":37,"code":42411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42413,42414,42424],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42415,42416,42418,42420,42422],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42417,31502],{"class":99},[44,42419,103],{"class":58},[44,42421,10529],{"class":99},[44,42423,108],{"class":58},[44,42425,42426,42428,42430,42432,42434,42436],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,42427,31502],{"class":99},[44,42429,103],{"class":58},[44,42431,1018],{"class":235},[44,42433,10529],{"class":239},[44,42435,1018],{"class":235},[44,42437,108],{"class":58},[20,42439,42440,42442],{},[15,42441,42405],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,42444,42445,42447,42448,42451],{},[15,42446,42401],{}," treats ",[15,42449,42450],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[347,42453,42455],{"id":42454},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,42457,42458,42460],{},[15,42459,34379],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,42462,42463],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[347,42465,42467],{"id":42466},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,42469,39699,42470,42472],{},[15,42471,34379],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,42474,1578],{},[35,42476,42478],{"className":37,"code":42477,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,42479,42480,42490],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42481,42482,42484,42486,42488],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42483,31502],{"class":99},[44,42485,103],{"class":58},[44,42487,10529],{"class":99},[44,42489,108],{"class":58},[44,42491,42492,42494,42496,42498,42501,42503],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,42493,100],{"class":99},[44,42495,103],{"class":58},[44,42497,236],{"class":235},[44,42499,42500],{"class":239},"Done",[44,42502,236],{"class":235},[44,42504,108],{"class":58},[20,42506,42507],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[347,42509,36558,42511,8078,42513],{"id":42510},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,42512,34379],{},[15,42514,33662],{},[20,42516,42517,42518,86],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,42519,33662],{},[20,42521,42522,42523,86],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,42524,34379],{},[131,42526,42528],{"id":42527},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,42530,42531],{},"Open Python:",[35,42533,42534],{"className":37,"code":34895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,42535,42536],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42537,42538],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42539,34895],{"class":50},[20,42541,42542],{},"Then test these commands:",[35,42544,42546],{"className":37,"code":42545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,42547,42548,42558,42572,42586,42596,42611],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42549,42550,42552,42554,42556],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42551,31502],{"class":99},[44,42553,103],{"class":58},[44,42555,10529],{"class":99},[44,42557,108],{"class":58},[44,42559,42560,42562,42564,42566,42568,42570],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,42561,31502],{"class":99},[44,42563,103],{"class":58},[44,42565,2812],{"class":121},[44,42567,86],{"class":58},[44,42569,33820],{"class":24098},[44,42571,108],{"class":58},[44,42573,42574,42576,42578,42580,42582,42584],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,42575,31502],{"class":99},[44,42577,103],{"class":58},[44,42579,7467],{"class":121},[44,42581,86],{"class":58},[44,42583,12907],{"class":24098},[44,42585,108],{"class":58},[44,42587,42588,42590,42592,42594],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,42589,31502],{"class":99},[44,42591,103],{"class":58},[44,42593,41784],{"class":99},[44,42595,108],{"class":58},[44,42597,42598,42600,42602,42604,42607,42609],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,42599,31502],{"class":99},[44,42601,103],{"class":58},[44,42603,1018],{"class":235},[44,42605,42606],{"class":239},"keywords",[44,42608,1018],{"class":235},[44,42610,108],{"class":58},[44,42612,42613,42615,42617,42619],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,42614,33723],{"class":99},[44,42616,103],{"class":58},[44,42618,2812],{"class":121},[44,42620,108],{"class":58},[20,42622,42623],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[145,42625,42626,42629,42632,42635,42638,42641],{},[148,42627,42628],{},"A built-in function",[148,42630,42631],{},"A string method",[148,42633,42634],{},"A list method",[148,42636,42637],{},"A built-in file function",[148,42639,42640],{},"A special help topic",[148,42642,14542,42643,42645],{},[15,42644,33662],{}," example for comparison",[131,42647,1196],{"id":1195},[347,42649,42651],{"id":42650},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,42653,42654],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[347,42656,42658],{"id":42657},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,42660,42661,42662,42664],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,42663,34379],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[35,42666,42668],{"className":37,"code":42667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,42669,42670,42682,42695,42714,42718],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42671,42672,42674,42676,42678,42680],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42673,34203],{"class":1008},[44,42675,34207],{"class":34206},[44,42677,103],{"class":58},[44,42679,7041],{"class":37017},[44,42681,7716],{"class":58},[44,42683,42684,42688,42692],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,42685,42687],{"class":42686},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[44,42689,42691],{"class":42690},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[44,42693,42694],{"class":42686},"\"\"\"\n",[44,42696,42697,42699,42702,42705,42707,42709,42711],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,42698,34214],{"class":3245},[44,42700,42701],{"class":1008}," f",[44,42703,42704],{"class":239},"\"Hello, ",[44,42706,550],{"class":62},[44,42708,7041],{"class":50},[44,42710,21650],{"class":62},[44,42712,42713],{"class":239},"!\"\n",[44,42715,42716],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,42717,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,42719,42720,42722,42724,42726],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,42721,31502],{"class":99},[44,42723,103],{"class":58},[44,42725,34249],{"class":89},[44,42727,108],{"class":58},[347,42729,42731],{"id":42730},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,42733,42734,42736,42737,42739],{},[15,42735,42405],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,42738,42401],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[347,42741,42743],{"id":42742},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,42745,42746],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[131,42748,1251],{"id":1250},[145,42750,42751,42756,42760,42765,42770],{},[148,42752,42753],{},[167,42754,42755],{"href":41963},"Python dir() function explained",[148,42757,42758],{},[167,42759,7816],{"href":1669},[148,42761,42762],{},[167,42763,42764],{"href":41715},"Python len() function explained",[148,42766,42767],{},[167,42768,42769],{"href":42010},"How import works in Python",[148,42771,42772],{},[167,42773,34509],{"href":42015},[20,42775,42776,42777,42779,42780,1559,42782,16422,42784,42786,42787,945,42790,42793],{},"Try ",[15,42778,34379],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,42781,10529],{},[15,42783,100],{},[15,42785,41820],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,42788,42789],{},"dir(str)",[15,42791,42792],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1294,42795,42796],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":42798},[42799,42800,42801,42802,42808,42809,42810,42811,42815,42823,42824,42830],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":41680,"depth":80,"text":41681},{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":41805,"depth":80,"text":41806,"children":42803},[42804,42805,42806,42807],{"id":41809,"depth":96,"text":41810},{"id":41862,"depth":96,"text":41863},{"id":33857,"depth":96,"text":41700},{"id":34010,"depth":96,"text":41703},{"id":34269,"depth":80,"text":34270},{"id":42082,"depth":80,"text":42083},{"id":42143,"depth":80,"text":42144},{"id":42285,"depth":80,"text":42286,"children":42812},[42813,42814],{"id":31502,"depth":96,"text":34379},{"id":33723,"depth":96,"text":33662},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200,"children":42816},[42817,42819,42820,42821],{"id":42398,"depth":96,"text":42818},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42454,"depth":96,"text":42455},{"id":42466,"depth":96,"text":42467},{"id":42510,"depth":96,"text":42822},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":42527,"depth":80,"text":42528},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":42825},[42826,42827,42828,42829],{"id":42650,"depth":96,"text":42651},{"id":42657,"depth":96,"text":42658},{"id":42730,"depth":96,"text":42731},{"id":42742,"depth":96,"text":42743},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":41609,"description":42831},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":42837,"title":42838,"body":42839,"description":44201,"extension":1331,"meta":44202,"navigation":268,"path":44203,"seo":44204,"stem":44205,"__hash__":44206},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42840,"toc":44174},[42841,42847,42852,42858,42868,42927,42937,42948,42953,42959,42961,42979,42987,42989,42991,43006,43009,43020,43022,43113,43116,43120,43125,43146,43148,43259,43261,43288,43299,43303,43306,43389,43391,43399,43405,43411,43415,43418,43528,43530,43543,43546,43560,43568,43575,43580,43594,43600,43713,43715,43776,43779,43785,43791,43794,43816,43819,43889,43892,43924,43931,43933,43936,43954,43957,43969,43975,43977,43982,44008,44011,44083,44085,44091,44094,44100,44103,44109,44119,44125,44128,44135,44138,44140,44171],[10,42842,2945,42844,2949],{"id":42843},"python-id-function-explained",[15,42845,42846],{},"id()",[20,42848,31667,42849,42851],{},[15,42850,42846],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,42853,42854,42855,42857],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,42856,42846],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,42859,1462,42860,42862,42863,42865,42866,86],{},[15,42861,42846],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[30,42864,604],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,42867,4058],{},[35,42869,42871],{"className":37,"code":42870,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,42872,42873,42885,42899,42903,42913],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42874,42875,42877,42879,42881,42883],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42876,7249],{"class":50},[44,42878,55],{"class":54},[44,42880,247],{"class":235},[44,42882,6669],{"class":239},[44,42884,2727],{"class":235},[44,42886,42887,42889,42891,42893,42895,42897],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,42888,100],{"class":99},[44,42890,103],{"class":58},[44,42892,12007],{"class":99},[44,42894,103],{"class":58},[44,42896,7041],{"class":89},[44,42898,993],{"class":58},[44,42900,42901],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,42902,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,42904,42905,42908,42910],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,42906,42907],{"class":50},"other ",[44,42909,55],{"class":54},[44,42911,42912],{"class":50}," name\n",[44,42914,42915,42917,42919,42921,42923,42925],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,42916,100],{"class":99},[44,42918,103],{"class":58},[44,42920,12007],{"class":99},[44,42922,103],{"class":58},[44,42924,30092],{"class":89},[44,42926,993],{"class":58},[20,42928,42929,42930,42933,42934,42936],{},"In this example, ",[15,42931,42932],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,42935,42846],{}," values match.",[42938,42939,42940],"blockquote",{},[20,42941,1462,42942,42944,42945,42947],{},[15,42943,42846],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,42946,4058],{}," for value comparison.",[131,42949,134,42951,137],{"id":42950},"what-id-does",[15,42952,42846],{},[20,42954,42955,42958],{},[15,42956,42957],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,42960,197],{},[145,42962,42963,42966,42973,42976],{},[148,42964,42965],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[148,42967,42968,42969,42972],{},"It shows ",[30,42970,42971],{},"object identity",", not object value",[148,42974,42975],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[148,42977,42978],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,42980,42981,42982,42986],{},"This is closely related to how ",[167,42983,42985],{"href":42984},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[131,42988,175],{"id":174},[20,42990,4803],{},[35,42992,42994],{"className":37,"code":42993,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"id(object)\n",[15,42995,42996],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42997,42998,43000,43002,43004],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42999,12007],{"class":99},[44,43001,103],{"class":58},[44,43003,41756],{"class":121},[44,43005,108],{"class":58},[20,43007,43008],{},"Important details:",[145,43010,43011,43014,43017],{},[148,43012,43013],{},"It takes one argument",[148,43015,43016],{},"It returns an integer",[148,43018,43019],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43021,1578],{},[35,43023,43025],{"className":37,"code":43024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43026,43027,43039,43047,43067,43071,43085,43099],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43028,43029,43031,43033,43035,43037],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43030,34039],{"class":50},[44,43032,55],{"class":54},[44,43034,247],{"class":235},[44,43036,3214],{"class":239},[44,43038,2727],{"class":235},[44,43040,43041,43043,43045],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,43042,1588],{"class":50},[44,43044,55],{"class":54},[44,43046,2138],{"class":62},[44,43048,43049,43051,43053,43055,43057,43059,43061,43063,43065],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,43050,362],{"class":50},[44,43052,55],{"class":54},[44,43054,2993],{"class":58},[44,43056,63],{"class":62},[44,43058,66],{"class":58},[44,43060,69],{"class":62},[44,43062,66],{"class":58},[44,43064,74],{"class":62},[44,43066,3006],{"class":58},[44,43068,43069],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,43070,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,43072,43073,43075,43077,43079,43081,43083],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,43074,100],{"class":99},[44,43076,103],{"class":58},[44,43078,12007],{"class":99},[44,43080,103],{"class":58},[44,43082,34060],{"class":89},[44,43084,993],{"class":58},[44,43086,43087,43089,43091,43093,43095,43097],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,43088,100],{"class":99},[44,43090,103],{"class":58},[44,43092,12007],{"class":99},[44,43094,103],{"class":58},[44,43096,1610],{"class":89},[44,43098,993],{"class":58},[44,43100,43101,43103,43105,43107,43109,43111],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,43102,100],{"class":99},[44,43104,103],{"class":58},[44,43106,12007],{"class":99},[44,43108,103],{"class":58},[44,43110,397],{"class":89},[44,43112,993],{"class":58},[20,43114,43115],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[131,43117,43119],{"id":43118},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43121,43122,43123,86],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43124,42846],{},[145,43126,43127,43134,43141],{},[148,43128,43129,43131,43132],{},[15,43130,4058],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[30,43133,1843],{},[148,43135,43136,43138,43139],{},[15,43137,11552],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[30,43140,41756],{},[148,43142,43143,43145],{},[15,43144,42846],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43147,1578],{},[35,43149,43151],{"className":37,"code":43150,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43152,43153,43173,43193,43197,43214,43231,43245],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43154,43155,43157,43159,43161,43163,43165,43167,43169,43171],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43156,1095],{"class":50},[44,43158,55],{"class":54},[44,43160,2993],{"class":58},[44,43162,63],{"class":62},[44,43164,66],{"class":58},[44,43166,69],{"class":62},[44,43168,66],{"class":58},[44,43170,74],{"class":62},[44,43172,3006],{"class":58},[44,43174,43175,43177,43179,43181,43183,43185,43187,43189,43191],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,43176,1122],{"class":50},[44,43178,55],{"class":54},[44,43180,2993],{"class":58},[44,43182,63],{"class":62},[44,43184,66],{"class":58},[44,43186,69],{"class":62},[44,43188,66],{"class":58},[44,43190,74],{"class":62},[44,43192,3006],{"class":58},[44,43194,43195],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,43196,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,43198,43199,43201,43203,43205,43207,43209,43211],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,43200,100],{"class":99},[44,43202,103],{"class":58},[44,43204,1095],{"class":89},[44,43206,4058],{"class":54},[44,43208,1929],{"class":89},[44,43210,3032],{"class":58},[44,43212,43213],{"class":3035},"   # True\n",[44,43215,43216,43218,43220,43222,43224,43226,43228],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,43217,100],{"class":99},[44,43219,103],{"class":58},[44,43221,1095],{"class":89},[44,43223,11552],{"class":3245},[44,43225,1929],{"class":89},[44,43227,3032],{"class":58},[44,43229,43230],{"class":3035},"   # False\n",[44,43232,43233,43235,43237,43239,43241,43243],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,43234,100],{"class":99},[44,43236,103],{"class":58},[44,43238,12007],{"class":99},[44,43240,103],{"class":58},[44,43242,167],{"class":89},[44,43244,993],{"class":58},[44,43246,43247,43249,43251,43253,43255,43257],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,43248,100],{"class":99},[44,43250,103],{"class":58},[44,43252,12007],{"class":99},[44,43254,103],{"class":58},[44,43256,1164],{"class":89},[44,43258,993],{"class":58},[20,43260,1548],{},[145,43262,43263,43271,43279],{},[148,43264,43265,4153,43268,43270],{},[15,43266,43267],{},"a == b",[15,43269,2974],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[148,43272,43273,4153,43276,43278],{},[15,43274,43275],{},"a is b",[15,43277,3046],{}," because they are different list objects",[148,43280,43281,342,43284,43287],{},[15,43282,43283],{},"id(a)",[15,43285,43286],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43289,43290,43291,342,43295,86],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[167,43292,43294],{"href":43293},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[167,43296,43298],{"href":43297},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[131,43300,43302],{"id":43301},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43304,43305],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[35,43307,43309],{"className":37,"code":43308,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43310,43311,43331,43341,43345,43359,43374],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43312,43313,43315,43317,43319,43321,43323,43325,43327,43329],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43314,51],{"class":50},[44,43316,55],{"class":54},[44,43318,2993],{"class":58},[44,43320,1701],{"class":62},[44,43322,66],{"class":58},[44,43324,7163],{"class":62},[44,43326,66],{"class":58},[44,43328,7168],{"class":62},[44,43330,3006],{"class":58},[44,43332,43333,43336,43338],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,43334,43335],{"class":50},"other_numbers ",[44,43337,55],{"class":54},[44,43339,43340],{"class":50}," numbers\n",[44,43342,43343],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,43344,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,43346,43347,43349,43351,43353,43355,43357],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,43348,100],{"class":99},[44,43350,103],{"class":58},[44,43352,12007],{"class":99},[44,43354,103],{"class":58},[44,43356,83],{"class":89},[44,43358,993],{"class":58},[44,43360,43361,43363,43365,43367,43369,43372],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,43362,100],{"class":99},[44,43364,103],{"class":58},[44,43366,12007],{"class":99},[44,43368,103],{"class":58},[44,43370,43371],{"class":89},"other_numbers",[44,43373,993],{"class":58},[44,43375,43376,43378,43380,43382,43384,43387],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,43377,100],{"class":99},[44,43379,103],{"class":58},[44,43381,51],{"class":89},[44,43383,11552],{"class":3245},[44,43385,43386],{"class":89}," other_numbers",[44,43388,108],{"class":58},[20,43390,4929],{},[35,43392,43393],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,43394,43395],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43396,43397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43398,3350],{"class":692},[20,43400,43401,43402,43404],{},"The two ",[15,43403,42846],{}," values will also match.",[20,43406,768,43407,43410],{},[15,43408,43409],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[131,43412,43414],{"id":43413},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,43416,43417],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[35,43419,43421],{"className":37,"code":43420,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43422,43423,43444,43465,43469,43484,43498,43513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43424,43425,43428,43430,43432,43434,43436,43438,43440,43442],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43426,43427],{"class":50},"list_a ",[44,43429,55],{"class":54},[44,43431,2993],{"class":58},[44,43433,63],{"class":62},[44,43435,66],{"class":58},[44,43437,69],{"class":62},[44,43439,66],{"class":58},[44,43441,74],{"class":62},[44,43443,3006],{"class":58},[44,43445,43446,43449,43451,43453,43455,43457,43459,43461,43463],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,43447,43448],{"class":50},"list_b ",[44,43450,55],{"class":54},[44,43452,2993],{"class":58},[44,43454,63],{"class":62},[44,43456,66],{"class":58},[44,43458,69],{"class":62},[44,43460,66],{"class":58},[44,43462,74],{"class":62},[44,43464,3006],{"class":58},[44,43466,43467],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,43468,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,43470,43471,43473,43475,43477,43479,43482],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,43472,100],{"class":99},[44,43474,103],{"class":58},[44,43476,43427],{"class":89},[44,43478,4058],{"class":54},[44,43480,43481],{"class":89}," list_b",[44,43483,108],{"class":58},[44,43485,43486,43488,43490,43492,43494,43496],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,43487,100],{"class":99},[44,43489,103],{"class":58},[44,43491,43427],{"class":89},[44,43493,11552],{"class":3245},[44,43495,43481],{"class":89},[44,43497,108],{"class":58},[44,43499,43500,43502,43504,43506,43508,43511],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,43501,100],{"class":99},[44,43503,103],{"class":58},[44,43505,12007],{"class":99},[44,43507,103],{"class":58},[44,43509,43510],{"class":89},"list_a",[44,43512,993],{"class":58},[44,43514,43515,43517,43519,43521,43523,43526],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,43516,100],{"class":99},[44,43518,103],{"class":58},[44,43520,12007],{"class":99},[44,43522,103],{"class":58},[44,43524,43525],{"class":89},"list_b",[44,43527,993],{"class":58},[20,43529,4929],{},[35,43531,43533],{"className":37,"code":43532,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nFalse\n",[15,43534,43535,43539],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43536,43537],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43538,3350],{"class":692},[44,43540,43541],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,43542,3411],{"class":692},[20,43544,43545],{},"What this means:",[145,43547,43548,43551,43554],{},[148,43549,43550],{},"The lists are equal in value",[148,43552,43553],{},"They are not the same object",[148,43555,43556,43557,43559],{},"Their ",[15,43558,42846],{}," values are usually different",[20,43561,43562,43563,43565,43566,86],{},"This is why ",[15,43564,42846],{}," should not replace ",[15,43567,4058],{},[131,43569,43571,43572,43574],{"id":43570},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,43573,42846],{}," is useful",[20,43576,43577,43579],{},[15,43578,42846],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[145,43581,43582,43585,43588,43591],{},[148,43583,43584],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[148,43586,43587],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[148,43589,43590],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[148,43592,43593],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,43595,43596,43597,43599],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,43598,42846],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[35,43601,43603],{"className":37,"code":43602,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,43604,43605,43629,43638,43642,43661,43665,43675,43685,43699],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43606,43607,43609,43611,43613,43615,43617,43619,43621,43623,43625,43627],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43608,11444],{"class":50},[44,43610,55],{"class":54},[44,43612,2993],{"class":58},[44,43614,236],{"class":235},[44,43616,167],{"class":239},[44,43618,236],{"class":235},[44,43620,66],{"class":58},[44,43622,247],{"class":235},[44,43624,1164],{"class":239},[44,43626,236],{"class":235},[44,43628,3006],{"class":58},[44,43630,43631,43634,43636],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,43632,43633],{"class":50},"copy_ref ",[44,43635,55],{"class":54},[44,43637,11482],{"class":50},[44,43639,43640],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,43641,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,43643,43644,43647,43649,43651,43653,43655,43657,43659],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,43645,43646],{"class":50},"copy_ref",[44,43648,86],{"class":58},[44,43650,12907],{"class":89},[44,43652,103],{"class":58},[44,43654,236],{"class":235},[44,43656,9109],{"class":239},[44,43658,236],{"class":235},[44,43660,108],{"class":58},[44,43662,43663],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,43664,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,43666,43667,43669,43671,43673],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,43668,100],{"class":99},[44,43670,103],{"class":58},[44,43672,11491],{"class":89},[44,43674,108],{"class":58},[44,43676,43677,43679,43681,43683],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,43678,100],{"class":99},[44,43680,103],{"class":58},[44,43682,43646],{"class":89},[44,43684,108],{"class":58},[44,43686,43687,43689,43691,43693,43695,43697],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,43688,100],{"class":99},[44,43690,103],{"class":58},[44,43692,12007],{"class":99},[44,43694,103],{"class":58},[44,43696,11491],{"class":89},[44,43698,993],{"class":58},[44,43700,43701,43703,43705,43707,43709,43711],{"class":46,"line":5802},[44,43702,100],{"class":99},[44,43704,103],{"class":58},[44,43706,12007],{"class":99},[44,43708,103],{"class":58},[44,43710,43646],{"class":89},[44,43712,993],{"class":58},[20,43714,4929],{},[35,43716,43718],{"className":37,"code":43717,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43719,43720,43748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43721,43722,43724,43726,43728,43730,43732,43734,43736,43738,43740,43742,43744,43746],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43723,3270],{"class":58},[44,43725,1018],{"class":235},[44,43727,167],{"class":239},[44,43729,1018],{"class":235},[44,43731,66],{"class":58},[44,43733,1012],{"class":235},[44,43735,1164],{"class":239},[44,43737,1018],{"class":235},[44,43739,66],{"class":58},[44,43741,1012],{"class":235},[44,43743,9109],{"class":239},[44,43745,1018],{"class":235},[44,43747,3006],{"class":58},[44,43749,43750,43752,43754,43756,43758,43760,43762,43764,43766,43768,43770,43772,43774],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,43751,3270],{"class":58},[44,43753,1018],{"class":235},[44,43755,167],{"class":239},[44,43757,1018],{"class":235},[44,43759,66],{"class":58},[44,43761,1012],{"class":235},[44,43763,1164],{"class":239},[44,43765,1018],{"class":235},[44,43767,66],{"class":58},[44,43769,1012],{"class":235},[44,43771,9109],{"class":239},[44,43773,1018],{"class":235},[44,43775,3006],{"class":58},[20,43777,43778],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[131,43780,43782,43783],{"id":43781},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,43784,42846],{},[20,43786,43787,43788,43790],{},"Do not use ",[15,43789,42846],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,43792,43793],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[145,43795,43796,43802,43808,43811],{},[148,43797,43798,43799,43801],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,43800,4058],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[148,43803,43804,43805,43807],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,43806,42846],{}," values across program runs",[148,43809,43810],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[148,43812,43813,43814],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,43815,42846],{},[20,43817,43818],{},"Bad example:",[35,43820,43822],{"className":37,"code":43821,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,43823,43824,43836,43848,43852,43874],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43825,43826,43828,43830,43832,43834],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43827,1095],{"class":50},[44,43829,55],{"class":54},[44,43831,247],{"class":235},[44,43833,36401],{"class":239},[44,43835,2727],{"class":235},[44,43837,43838,43840,43842,43844,43846],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,43839,1122],{"class":50},[44,43841,55],{"class":54},[44,43843,247],{"class":235},[44,43845,36401],{"class":239},[44,43847,2727],{"class":235},[44,43849,43850],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,43851,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,43853,43854,43856,43858,43860,43862,43864,43866,43868,43870,43872],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,43855,6369],{"class":3245},[44,43857,14170],{"class":99},[44,43859,103],{"class":58},[44,43861,167],{"class":89},[44,43863,3032],{"class":58},[44,43865,5779],{"class":54},[44,43867,14170],{"class":99},[44,43869,103],{"class":58},[44,43871,1164],{"class":89},[44,43873,7716],{"class":58},[44,43875,43876,43878,43880,43882,43885,43887],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,43877,7442],{"class":99},[44,43879,103],{"class":58},[44,43881,236],{"class":235},[44,43883,43884],{"class":239},"The values are equal",[44,43886,236],{"class":235},[44,43888,108],{"class":58},[20,43890,43891],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[35,43893,43895],{"className":37,"code":43894,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,43896,43897,43910],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43898,43899,43901,43904,43906,43908],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43900,6369],{"class":3245},[44,43902,43903],{"class":50}," a ",[44,43905,4058],{"class":54},[44,43907,1929],{"class":50},[44,43909,5764],{"class":58},[44,43911,43912,43914,43916,43918,43920,43922],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,43913,7442],{"class":99},[44,43915,103],{"class":58},[44,43917,236],{"class":235},[44,43919,43884],{"class":239},[44,43921,236],{"class":235},[44,43923,108],{"class":58},[20,43925,1462,43926,945,43928,43930],{},[15,43927,11552],{},[15,43929,42846],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[131,43932,20148],{"id":20147},[20,43934,43935],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[145,43937,43938,43941,43944,43949],{},[148,43939,43940],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[148,43942,43943],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[148,43945,43946,43947],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,43948,42846],{},[148,43950,43951,43952],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,43953,42846],{},[20,43955,43956],{},"The important rule is:",[145,43958,43959,43964],{},[148,43960,1462,43961,43963],{},[15,43962,4058],{}," to check value",[148,43965,1462,43966,43968],{},[15,43967,11552],{}," to check identity",[20,43970,43971,43972,43974],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,43973,42846],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[131,43976,2200],{"id":2199},[20,43978,43979,43980,2255],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,43981,42846],{},[145,43983,43984,43992,43995,43998,44003],{},[148,43985,350,43986,43988,43989,43991],{},[15,43987,42846],{}," when ",[15,43990,4058],{}," should be used",[148,43993,43994],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[148,43996,43997],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[148,43999,44000,44001],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44002,42846],{},[148,44004,350,44005,44007],{},[15,44006,42846],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44009,44010],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[35,44012,44014],{"className":37,"code":44013,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44015,44016,44031,44045,44059,44073],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44017,44018,44020,44022,44024,44026,44029],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44019,100],{"class":99},[44,44021,103],{"class":58},[44,44023,12007],{"class":99},[44,44025,103],{"class":58},[44,44027,44028],{"class":89},"my_object",[44,44030,993],{"class":58},[44,44032,44033,44035,44037,44039,44041,44043],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,44034,100],{"class":99},[44,44036,103],{"class":58},[44,44038,1095],{"class":89},[44,44040,4058],{"class":54},[44,44042,1929],{"class":89},[44,44044,108],{"class":58},[44,44046,44047,44049,44051,44053,44055,44057],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,44048,100],{"class":99},[44,44050,103],{"class":58},[44,44052,1095],{"class":89},[44,44054,11552],{"class":3245},[44,44056,1929],{"class":89},[44,44058,108],{"class":58},[44,44060,44061,44063,44065,44067,44069,44071],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,44062,100],{"class":99},[44,44064,103],{"class":58},[44,44066,985],{"class":121},[44,44068,103],{"class":58},[44,44070,44028],{"class":89},[44,44072,993],{"class":58},[44,44074,44075,44077,44079,44081],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,44076,31502],{"class":99},[44,44078,103],{"class":58},[44,44080,12007],{"class":99},[44,44082,108],{"class":58},[131,44084,1196],{"id":1195},[347,44086,44088,44089,12073],{"id":44087},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44090,42846],{},[20,44092,44093],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[347,44095,14257,44097,44099],{"id":44096},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44098,42846],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44101,44102],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[347,44104,20768,44106,44108],{"id":44105},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44107,42846],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44110,29619,44111,44113,44114,945,44116,44118],{},[15,44112,4058],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44115,42846],{},[15,44117,11552],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[347,44120,44122,44123,1239],{"id":44121},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44124,42846],{},[20,44126,44127],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[347,44129,44131,44132,44134],{"id":44130},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44133,42846],{}," values?",[20,44136,44137],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[131,44139,1251],{"id":1250},[145,44141,44142,44147,44152,44157,44165],{},[148,44143,44144],{},[167,44145,44146],{"href":42984},"Python variables explained for beginners",[148,44148,44149],{},[167,44150,44151],{"href":43293},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[148,44153,44154],{},[167,44155,44156],{"href":43297},"Python data types overview",[148,44158,44159],{},[167,44160,2945,44162,2878],{"href":44161},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44163,44164],{},"isinstance()",[148,44166,44167],{},[167,44168,44170],{"href":44169},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1294,44172,44173],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":44175},[44176,44178,44179,44180,44181,44182,44184,44186,44187,44188,44200],{"id":42950,"depth":80,"text":44177},"What id() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":43118,"depth":80,"text":43119},{"id":43301,"depth":80,"text":43302},{"id":43413,"depth":80,"text":43414},{"id":43570,"depth":80,"text":44183},"When id() is useful",{"id":43781,"depth":80,"text":44185},"When not to use id()",{"id":20147,"depth":80,"text":20148},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":44189},[44190,44192,44194,44196,44198],{"id":44087,"depth":96,"text":44191},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44096,"depth":96,"text":44193},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44105,"depth":96,"text":44195},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44121,"depth":96,"text":44197},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44130,"depth":96,"text":44199},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":42838,"description":44201},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44208,"title":41551,"body":44209,"description":45849,"extension":1331,"meta":45850,"navigation":268,"path":45851,"seo":45852,"stem":45853,"__hash__":45854},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44210,"toc":45815},[44211,44216,44221,44224,44226,44269,44274,44277,44282,44287,44290,44306,44308,44352,44354,44381,44383,44398,44400,44402,44404,44420,44422,44434,44437,44471,44474,44499,44504,44506,44511,44515,44518,44520,44568,44570,44603,44609,44620,44622,44674,44676,44707,44709,44713,44717,44760,44766,44772,44824,44832,44837,44841,44932,44934,44967,44970,44972,45032,45034,45060,45070,45072,45076,45081,45086,45088,45125,45127,45146,45149,45153,45156,45212,45224,45233,45235,45262,45270,45277,45281,45284,45321,45324,45330,45367,45369,45373,45379,45397,45402,45450,45454,45543,45546,45553,45555,45557,45562,45580,45582,45625,45631,45648,45650,45712,45714,45716,45722,45730,45736,45742,45751,45761,45765,45773,45775,45777,45812],[10,44212,2945,44214,2949],{"id":44213},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44215,2329],{},[20,44217,140,44218,44220],{},[15,44219,2329],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44222,44223],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[131,44225,1372],{"id":1371},[35,44227,44229],{"className":37,"code":44228,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44230,44231,44250],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44232,44233,44235,44237,44239,44241,44243,44246,44248],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44234,7249],{"class":50},[44,44236,55],{"class":54},[44,44238,7616],{"class":99},[44,44240,103],{"class":58},[44,44242,236],{"class":235},[44,44244,44245],{"class":239},"Enter your name: ",[44,44247,236],{"class":235},[44,44249,108],{"class":58},[44,44251,44252,44254,44256,44258,44261,44263,44265,44267],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,44253,100],{"class":99},[44,44255,103],{"class":58},[44,44257,236],{"class":235},[44,44259,44260],{"class":239},"Hello, ",[44,44262,236],{"class":235},[44,44264,1824],{"class":54},[44,44266,35345],{"class":89},[44,44268,108],{"class":58},[20,44270,1462,44271,44273],{},[15,44272,2329],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44275,44276],"hr",{},[131,44278,134,44280,137],{"id":44279},"what-input-does",[15,44281,2329],{},[20,44283,44284,44286],{},[15,44285,2329],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44288,44289],{},"Here is what happens:",[145,44291,44292,44297,44300,44303],{},[148,44293,44294,44296],{},[15,44295,2329],{}," waits for the user to type",[148,44298,44299],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[148,44301,44302],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[148,44304,44305],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44307,1578],{},[35,44309,44311],{"className":37,"code":44310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44312,44313,44333],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44314,44315,44318,44320,44322,44324,44326,44329,44331],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44316,44317],{"class":50},"color ",[44,44319,55],{"class":54},[44,44321,7616],{"class":99},[44,44323,103],{"class":58},[44,44325,236],{"class":235},[44,44327,44328],{"class":239},"What is your favorite color? ",[44,44330,236],{"class":235},[44,44332,108],{"class":58},[44,44334,44335,44337,44339,44341,44344,44346,44348,44350],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,44336,100],{"class":99},[44,44338,103],{"class":58},[44,44340,236],{"class":235},[44,44342,44343],{"class":239},"Your favorite color is",[44,44345,236],{"class":235},[44,44347,66],{"class":58},[44,44349,35204],{"class":89},[44,44351,108],{"class":58},[20,44353,29378],{},[35,44355,44357],{"className":37,"code":44356,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44358,44359,44372],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44360,44361,44363,44365,44368,44370],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44362,134],{"class":50},[44,44364,11552],{"class":54},[44,44366,44367],{"class":50}," your favorite color",[44,44369,1239],{"class":36721},[44,44371,35234],{"class":50},[44,44373,44374,44377,44379],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,44375,44376],{"class":50},"Your favorite color ",[44,44378,11552],{"class":54},[44,44380,35234],{"class":50},[20,44382,19305],{},[145,44384,44385,44390,44395],{},[148,44386,44387,44388],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44389,44328],{},[148,44391,44392,44393],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44394,32241],{},[148,44396,44397],{},"That value is then printed",[44275,44399],{},[131,44401,175],{"id":174},[20,44403,6590],{},[35,44405,44407],{"className":37,"code":44406,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44408,44409],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44410,44411,44413,44415,44418],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44412,41820],{"class":99},[44,44414,103],{"class":58},[44,44416,44417],{"class":89},"prompt",[44,44419,108],{"class":58},[20,44421,10822],{},[145,44423,44424,44428,44431],{},[148,44425,140,44426,19387],{},[15,44427,44417],{},[148,44429,44430],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[148,44432,44433],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,44435,44436],{},"Example with a prompt:",[35,44438,44440],{"className":37,"code":44439,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,44441,44442,44461],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44443,44444,44446,44448,44450,44452,44454,44457,44459],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44445,7334],{"class":50},[44,44447,55],{"class":54},[44,44449,7616],{"class":99},[44,44451,103],{"class":58},[44,44453,236],{"class":235},[44,44455,44456],{"class":239},"Enter your username: ",[44,44458,236],{"class":235},[44,44460,108],{"class":58},[44,44462,44463,44465,44467,44469],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,44464,100],{"class":99},[44,44466,103],{"class":58},[44,44468,7358],{"class":89},[44,44470,108],{"class":58},[20,44472,44473],{},"Example without a prompt:",[35,44475,44477],{"className":37,"code":44476,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,44478,44479,44489],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44480,44481,44483,44485,44487],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44482,1817],{"class":50},[44,44484,55],{"class":54},[44,44486,7616],{"class":99},[44,44488,93],{"class":58},[44,44490,44491,44493,44495,44497],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,44492,100],{"class":99},[44,44494,103],{"class":58},[44,44496,1843],{"class":89},[44,44498,108],{"class":58},[20,44500,7136,44501,44503],{},[15,44502,2329],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44275,44505],{},[131,44507,134,44509,11065],{"id":44508},"what-input-returns",[15,44510,2329],{},[20,44512,44513,7599],{},[15,44514,2329],{},[20,44516,44517],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,44519,1578],{},[35,44521,44523],{"className":37,"code":44522,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44524,44525,44544,44554],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44526,44527,44529,44531,44533,44535,44537,44540,44542],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44528,20976],{"class":50},[44,44530,55],{"class":54},[44,44532,7616],{"class":99},[44,44534,103],{"class":58},[44,44536,236],{"class":235},[44,44538,44539],{"class":239},"Enter your age: ",[44,44541,236],{"class":235},[44,44543,108],{"class":58},[44,44545,44546,44548,44550,44552],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,44547,100],{"class":99},[44,44549,103],{"class":58},[44,44551,8669],{"class":89},[44,44553,108],{"class":58},[44,44555,44556,44558,44560,44562,44564,44566],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,44557,100],{"class":99},[44,44559,103],{"class":58},[44,44561,985],{"class":121},[44,44563,103],{"class":58},[44,44565,8669],{"class":89},[44,44567,993],{"class":58},[20,44569,29378],{},[35,44571,44573],{"className":37,"code":44572,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,44574,44575,44585,44589],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44576,44577,44580,44582],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44578,44579],{"class":50},"Enter your age",[44,44581,2255],{"class":58},[44,44583,44584],{"class":62}," 25\n",[44,44586,44587],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,44588,2078],{"class":62},[44,44590,44591,44593,44595,44597,44599,44601],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,44592,1005],{"class":54},[44,44594,1009],{"class":1008},[44,44596,1012],{"class":235},[44,44598,2812],{"class":239},[44,44600,1018],{"class":235},[44,44602,1021],{"class":54},[20,44604,44605,44606,44608],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,44607,8564],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,44610,44611,44612,945,44616,86],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[167,44613,44614],{"href":2245},[15,44615,2248],{},[167,44617,44618],{"href":2251},[15,44619,2254],{},[20,44621,1578],{},[35,44623,44625],{"className":37,"code":44624,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44626,44627,44650,44660],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44628,44629,44631,44633,44636,44638,44640,44642,44644,44646,44648],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44630,20976],{"class":50},[44,44632,55],{"class":54},[44,44634,44635],{"class":121}," int",[44,44637,103],{"class":58},[44,44639,41820],{"class":99},[44,44641,103],{"class":58},[44,44643,236],{"class":235},[44,44645,44539],{"class":239},[44,44647,236],{"class":235},[44,44649,993],{"class":58},[44,44651,44652,44654,44656,44658],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,44653,100],{"class":99},[44,44655,103],{"class":58},[44,44657,8669],{"class":89},[44,44659,108],{"class":58},[44,44661,44662,44664,44666,44668,44670,44672],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,44663,100],{"class":99},[44,44665,103],{"class":58},[44,44667,985],{"class":121},[44,44669,103],{"class":58},[44,44671,8669],{"class":89},[44,44673,993],{"class":58},[20,44675,29378],{},[35,44677,44679],{"className":37,"code":44678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,44680,44681,44689,44693],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44682,44683,44685,44687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44684,44579],{"class":50},[44,44686,2255],{"class":58},[44,44688,44584],{"class":62},[44,44690,44691],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,44692,2078],{"class":62},[44,44694,44695,44697,44699,44701,44703,44705],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,44696,1005],{"class":54},[44,44698,1009],{"class":1008},[44,44700,1012],{"class":235},[44,44702,1558],{"class":239},[44,44704,1018],{"class":235},[44,44706,1021],{"class":54},[44275,44708],{},[131,44710,44712],{"id":44711},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[347,44714,44716],{"id":44715},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[35,44718,44720],{"className":37,"code":44719,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,44721,44722,44741],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44723,44724,44726,44728,44730,44732,44734,44737,44739],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44725,7249],{"class":50},[44,44727,55],{"class":54},[44,44729,7616],{"class":99},[44,44731,103],{"class":58},[44,44733,236],{"class":235},[44,44735,44736],{"class":239},"What is your name? ",[44,44738,236],{"class":235},[44,44740,108],{"class":58},[44,44742,44743,44745,44747,44749,44752,44754,44756,44758],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,44744,100],{"class":99},[44,44746,103],{"class":58},[44,44748,236],{"class":235},[44,44750,44751],{"class":239},"Hello,",[44,44753,236],{"class":235},[44,44755,66],{"class":58},[44,44757,35345],{"class":89},[44,44759,108],{"class":58},[20,44761,44762,44763,44765],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,44764,7041],{}," and prints it.",[347,44767,44769,44770],{"id":44768},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,44771,2248],{},[35,44773,44775],{"className":37,"code":44774,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,44776,44777,44800],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44778,44779,44781,44783,44785,44787,44789,44791,44793,44796,44798],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44780,20976],{"class":50},[44,44782,55],{"class":54},[44,44784,44635],{"class":121},[44,44786,103],{"class":58},[44,44788,41820],{"class":99},[44,44790,103],{"class":58},[44,44792,236],{"class":235},[44,44794,44795],{"class":239},"How old are you? ",[44,44797,236],{"class":235},[44,44799,993],{"class":58},[44,44801,44802,44804,44806,44808,44811,44813,44815,44818,44820,44822],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,44803,100],{"class":99},[44,44805,103],{"class":58},[44,44807,236],{"class":235},[44,44809,44810],{"class":239},"Next year you will be",[44,44812,236],{"class":235},[44,44814,66],{"class":58},[44,44816,44817],{"class":89}," age ",[44,44819,1429],{"class":54},[44,44821,4867],{"class":62},[44,44823,108],{"class":58},[20,44825,5431,44826,44828,44829,44831],{},[15,44827,2248],{}," converts the text from ",[15,44830,2329],{}," into a whole number.",[20,44833,44834,44835,86],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[167,44836,8351],{"href":8350},[347,44838,44840],{"id":44839},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[35,44842,44844],{"className":37,"code":44843,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,44845,44846,44870,44894,44908,44912],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44847,44848,44851,44853,44855,44857,44859,44861,44863,44866,44868],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44849,44850],{"class":50},"num1 ",[44,44852,55],{"class":54},[44,44854,44635],{"class":121},[44,44856,103],{"class":58},[44,44858,41820],{"class":99},[44,44860,103],{"class":58},[44,44862,236],{"class":235},[44,44864,44865],{"class":239},"Enter the first number: ",[44,44867,236],{"class":235},[44,44869,993],{"class":58},[44,44871,44872,44875,44877,44879,44881,44883,44885,44887,44890,44892],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,44873,44874],{"class":50},"num2 ",[44,44876,55],{"class":54},[44,44878,44635],{"class":121},[44,44880,103],{"class":58},[44,44882,41820],{"class":99},[44,44884,103],{"class":58},[44,44886,236],{"class":235},[44,44888,44889],{"class":239},"Enter the second number: ",[44,44891,236],{"class":235},[44,44893,993],{"class":58},[44,44895,44896,44898,44900,44903,44905],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,44897,40539],{"class":50},[44,44899,55],{"class":54},[44,44901,44902],{"class":50}," num1 ",[44,44904,1429],{"class":54},[44,44906,44907],{"class":50}," num2\n",[44,44909,44910],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,44911,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,44913,44914,44916,44918,44920,44923,44925,44927,44930],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,44915,100],{"class":99},[44,44917,103],{"class":58},[44,44919,236],{"class":235},[44,44921,44922],{"class":239},"Total:",[44,44924,236],{"class":235},[44,44926,66],{"class":58},[44,44928,44929],{"class":89}," total",[44,44931,108],{"class":58},[20,44933,29378],{},[35,44935,44937],{"className":37,"code":44936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,44938,44939,44949,44958],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44940,44941,44944,44946],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44942,44943],{"class":50},"Enter the first number",[44,44945,2255],{"class":58},[44,44947,44948],{"class":62}," 2\n",[44,44950,44951,44954,44956],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,44952,44953],{"class":50},"Enter the second number",[44,44955,2255],{"class":58},[44,44957,1947],{"class":62},[44,44959,44960,44963,44965],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,44961,44962],{"class":50},"Total",[44,44964,2255],{"class":58},[44,44966,34194],{"class":62},[20,44968,44969],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,44971,1578],{},[35,44973,44975],{"className":37,"code":44974,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,44976,44977,44995,45013,45017],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44978,44979,44981,44983,44985,44987,44989,44991,44993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44980,44850],{"class":50},[44,44982,55],{"class":54},[44,44984,7616],{"class":99},[44,44986,103],{"class":58},[44,44988,236],{"class":235},[44,44990,44865],{"class":239},[44,44992,236],{"class":235},[44,44994,108],{"class":58},[44,44996,44997,44999,45001,45003,45005,45007,45009,45011],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,44998,44874],{"class":50},[44,45000,55],{"class":54},[44,45002,7616],{"class":99},[44,45004,103],{"class":58},[44,45006,236],{"class":235},[44,45008,44889],{"class":239},[44,45010,236],{"class":235},[44,45012,108],{"class":58},[44,45014,45015],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,45016,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,45018,45019,45021,45023,45025,45027,45030],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,45020,100],{"class":99},[44,45022,103],{"class":58},[44,45024,44850],{"class":89},[44,45026,1429],{"class":54},[44,45028,45029],{"class":89}," num2",[44,45031,108],{"class":58},[20,45033,29378],{},[35,45035,45037],{"className":37,"code":45036,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45038,45039,45047,45055],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45040,45041,45043,45045],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45042,44943],{"class":50},[44,45044,2255],{"class":58},[44,45046,44948],{"class":62},[44,45048,45049,45051,45053],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,45050,44953],{"class":50},[44,45052,2255],{"class":58},[44,45054,1947],{"class":62},[44,45056,45057],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,45058,45059],{"class":62},"23\n",[20,45061,45062,45063,45066,45067,86],{},"That happens because ",[15,45064,45065],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45068,45069],{},"\"23\"",[44275,45071],{},[131,45073,45075],{"id":45074},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45077,45078,45079,86],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45080,2329],{},[347,45082,4074,45084,40899],{"id":45083},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45085,2329],{},[20,45087,38554],{},[35,45089,45091],{"className":37,"code":45090,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45092,45093,45111],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45094,45095,45097,45099,45101,45103,45105,45107,45109],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45096,1817],{"class":50},[44,45098,55],{"class":54},[44,45100,7616],{"class":99},[44,45102,103],{"class":58},[44,45104,236],{"class":235},[44,45106,41228],{"class":239},[44,45108,236],{"class":235},[44,45110,108],{"class":58},[44,45112,45113,45115,45117,45119,45121,45123],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,45114,100],{"class":99},[44,45116,103],{"class":58},[44,45118,985],{"class":121},[44,45120,103],{"class":58},[44,45122,1843],{"class":89},[44,45124,993],{"class":58},[20,45126,111],{},[35,45128,45130],{"className":37,"code":45129,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45131,45132],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45133,45134,45136,45138,45140,45142,45144],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45135,1005],{"class":54},[44,45137,1009],{"class":1008},[44,45139,1012],{"class":235},[44,45141,2812],{"class":239},[44,45143,1018],{"class":235},[44,45145,1021],{"class":54},[20,45147,45148],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[347,45150,45152],{"id":45151},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45154,45155],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[35,45157,45159],{"className":37,"code":45158,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45160,45161,45179,45198],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45162,45163,45165,45167,45169,45171,45173,45175,45177],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45164,1095],{"class":50},[44,45166,55],{"class":54},[44,45168,7616],{"class":99},[44,45170,103],{"class":58},[44,45172,236],{"class":235},[44,45174,41228],{"class":239},[44,45176,236],{"class":235},[44,45178,108],{"class":58},[44,45180,45181,45183,45185,45187,45189,45191,45194,45196],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,45182,1122],{"class":50},[44,45184,55],{"class":54},[44,45186,7616],{"class":99},[44,45188,103],{"class":58},[44,45190,236],{"class":235},[44,45192,45193],{"class":239},"Enter another number: ",[44,45195,236],{"class":235},[44,45197,108],{"class":58},[44,45199,45200,45202,45204,45206,45208,45210],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,45201,100],{"class":99},[44,45203,103],{"class":58},[44,45205,1095],{"class":89},[44,45207,1429],{"class":54},[44,45209,1929],{"class":89},[44,45211,108],{"class":58},[20,45213,40477,45214,342,45216,45218,45219,18311,45222,86],{},[15,45215,1875],{},[15,45217,1507],{},", the result is ",[15,45220,45221],{},"45",[15,45223,1515],{},[347,45225,45227,45228,45230,45231],{"id":45226},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45229,40060],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45232,2248],{},[20,45234,1578],{},[35,45236,45238],{"className":37,"code":45237,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45239,45240],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45241,45242,45244,45246,45248,45250,45252,45254,45256,45258,45260],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45243,20976],{"class":50},[44,45245,55],{"class":54},[44,45247,44635],{"class":121},[44,45249,103],{"class":58},[44,45251,41820],{"class":99},[44,45253,103],{"class":58},[44,45255,236],{"class":235},[44,45257,44539],{"class":239},[44,45259,236],{"class":235},[44,45261,993],{"class":58},[20,45263,7645,45264,45267,45268,86],{},[15,45265,45266],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45269,40060],{},[20,45271,45272,45273,86],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[167,45274,45276],{"href":45275},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[347,45278,45280],{"id":45279},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45282,45283],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[35,45285,45287],{"className":37,"code":45286,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45288,45289,45307],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45290,45291,45293,45295,45297,45299,45301,45303,45305],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45292,7249],{"class":50},[44,45294,55],{"class":54},[44,45296,7616],{"class":99},[44,45298,103],{"class":58},[44,45300,236],{"class":235},[44,45302,44245],{"class":239},[44,45304,236],{"class":235},[44,45306,108],{"class":58},[44,45308,45309,45311,45313,45315,45317,45319],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,45310,100],{"class":99},[44,45312,103],{"class":58},[44,45314,41136],{"class":99},[44,45316,103],{"class":58},[44,45318,7041],{"class":89},[44,45320,993],{"class":58},[20,45322,45323],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45325,45326,45327,2255],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45328,45329],{},".strip()",[35,45331,45333],{"className":37,"code":45332,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45334,45335,45357],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45336,45337,45339,45341,45343,45345,45347,45349,45351,45353,45355],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45338,7249],{"class":50},[44,45340,55],{"class":54},[44,45342,7616],{"class":99},[44,45344,103],{"class":58},[44,45346,236],{"class":235},[44,45348,44245],{"class":239},[44,45350,236],{"class":235},[44,45352,8005],{"class":58},[44,45354,8008],{"class":89},[44,45356,93],{"class":58},[44,45358,45359,45361,45363,45365],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,45360,100],{"class":99},[44,45362,103],{"class":58},[44,45364,7041],{"class":89},[44,45366,108],{"class":58},[44275,45368],{},[131,45370,45372],{"id":45371},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45374,45375,45376,45378],{},"These habits make ",[15,45377,2329],{}," easier and safer to use.",[145,45380,45381,45384,45389,45392],{},[148,45382,45383],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[148,45385,1462,45386,45388],{},[15,45387,45329],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[148,45390,45391],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[148,45393,1462,45394,45396],{},[15,45395,29130],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45398,45399,45400,2255],{},"Example with ",[15,45401,45329],{},[35,45403,45405],{"className":37,"code":45404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45406,45407,45431],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45408,45409,45412,45414,45416,45418,45420,45423,45425,45427,45429],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45410,45411],{"class":50},"city ",[44,45413,55],{"class":54},[44,45415,7616],{"class":99},[44,45417,103],{"class":58},[44,45419,236],{"class":235},[44,45421,45422],{"class":239},"Enter your city: ",[44,45424,236],{"class":235},[44,45426,8005],{"class":58},[44,45428,8008],{"class":89},[44,45430,93],{"class":58},[44,45432,45433,45435,45437,45439,45442,45444,45446,45448],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,45434,100],{"class":99},[44,45436,103],{"class":58},[44,45438,236],{"class":235},[44,45440,45441],{"class":239},"City:",[44,45443,236],{"class":235},[44,45445,66],{"class":58},[44,45447,30734],{"class":89},[44,45449,108],{"class":58},[20,45451,45399,45452,2255],{},[15,45453,29130],{},[35,45455,45457],{"className":37,"code":45456,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,45458,45459,45465,45488,45520,45528],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45460,45461,45463],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45462,29152],{"class":3245},[44,45464,5764],{"class":58},[44,45466,45467,45470,45472,45474,45476,45478,45480,45482,45484,45486],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,45468,45469],{"class":50},"    age ",[44,45471,55],{"class":54},[44,45473,44635],{"class":121},[44,45475,103],{"class":58},[44,45477,41820],{"class":99},[44,45479,103],{"class":58},[44,45481,236],{"class":235},[44,45483,44539],{"class":239},[44,45485,236],{"class":235},[44,45487,993],{"class":58},[44,45489,45490,45492,45494,45496,45499,45501,45503,45505,45507,45509,45511,45513,45516,45518],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,45491,7442],{"class":99},[44,45493,103],{"class":58},[44,45495,236],{"class":235},[44,45497,45498],{"class":239},"You will be",[44,45500,236],{"class":235},[44,45502,66],{"class":58},[44,45504,44817],{"class":89},[44,45506,1429],{"class":54},[44,45508,4867],{"class":62},[44,45510,66],{"class":58},[44,45512,247],{"class":235},[44,45514,45515],{"class":239},"next year",[44,45517,236],{"class":235},[44,45519,108],{"class":58},[44,45521,45522,45524,45526],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,45523,29183],{"class":3245},[44,45525,41283],{"class":121},[44,45527,5764],{"class":58},[44,45529,45530,45532,45534,45536,45539,45541],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,45531,7442],{"class":99},[44,45533,103],{"class":58},[44,45535,236],{"class":235},[44,45537,45538],{"class":239},"Please enter a whole number.",[44,45540,236],{"class":235},[44,45542,108],{"class":58},[20,45544,45545],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,45547,45548,45549,86],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[167,45550,45552],{"href":45551},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44275,45554],{},[131,45556,2200],{"id":2199},[20,45558,45559,45560,2255],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,45561,2329],{},[145,45563,45564,45571,45574,45577],{},[148,45565,45566,45567,945,45569],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,45568,2248],{},[15,45570,2254],{},[148,45572,45573],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[148,45575,45576],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[148,45578,45579],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,45581,31432],{},[35,45583,45585],{"className":37,"code":45584,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45586,45587,45597,45611],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45588,45589,45591,45593,45595],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45590,100],{"class":99},[44,45592,103],{"class":58},[44,45594,1843],{"class":89},[44,45596,108],{"class":58},[44,45598,45599,45601,45603,45605,45607,45609],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,45600,100],{"class":99},[44,45602,103],{"class":58},[44,45604,985],{"class":121},[44,45606,103],{"class":58},[44,45608,1843],{"class":89},[44,45610,993],{"class":58},[44,45612,45613,45615,45617,45619,45621,45623],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,45614,100],{"class":99},[44,45616,103],{"class":58},[44,45618,41136],{"class":99},[44,45620,103],{"class":58},[44,45622,1843],{"class":89},[44,45624,993],{"class":58},[20,45626,45627,45628,45630],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,45629,2329],{}," actually returned:",[145,45632,45633,45638,45643],{},[148,45634,45635,45637],{},[15,45636,41184],{}," shows the value",[148,45639,45640,45642],{},[15,45641,41190],{}," shows the data type",[148,45644,45645,45647],{},[15,45646,41195],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,45649,1578],{},[35,45651,45653],{"className":37,"code":45652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45654,45655,45674,45684,45698],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45656,45657,45659,45661,45663,45665,45667,45670,45672],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45658,1817],{"class":50},[44,45660,55],{"class":54},[44,45662,7616],{"class":99},[44,45664,103],{"class":58},[44,45666,236],{"class":235},[44,45668,45669],{"class":239},"Enter something: ",[44,45671,236],{"class":235},[44,45673,108],{"class":58},[44,45675,45676,45678,45680,45682],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,45677,100],{"class":99},[44,45679,103],{"class":58},[44,45681,1843],{"class":89},[44,45683,108],{"class":58},[44,45685,45686,45688,45690,45692,45694,45696],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,45687,100],{"class":99},[44,45689,103],{"class":58},[44,45691,985],{"class":121},[44,45693,103],{"class":58},[44,45695,1843],{"class":89},[44,45697,993],{"class":58},[44,45699,45700,45702,45704,45706,45708,45710],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,45701,100],{"class":99},[44,45703,103],{"class":58},[44,45705,41136],{"class":99},[44,45707,103],{"class":58},[44,45709,1843],{"class":89},[44,45711,993],{"class":58},[44275,45713],{},[131,45715,1196],{"id":1195},[347,45717,1212,45719,45721],{"id":45718},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,45720,2329],{}," return an integer?",[20,45723,45724,45725,45727,45728,39285],{},"No. ",[15,45726,2329],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,45729,2248],{},[347,45731,45733,45734,1239],{"id":45732},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,45735,2329],{},[20,45737,45738,45739,45741],{},"No. You can call ",[15,45740,2329],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[347,45743,4526,45745,45748,45749,1239],{"id":45744},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,45746,45747],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,45750,2329],{},[20,45752,1187,45753,45755,45756,41512,45758,45760],{},[15,45754,2329],{}," returns strings. ",[15,45757,45065],{},[15,45759,45069],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[347,45762,45764],{"id":45763},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,45766,1462,45767,45769,45770,86],{},[15,45768,45329],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,45771,45772],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44275,45774],{},[131,45776,1251],{"id":1250},[145,45778,45779,45784,45788,45794,45800,45804],{},[148,45780,45781],{},[167,45782,45783],{"href":45551},"How to get user input in Python",[148,45785,45786],{},[167,45787,8428],{"href":8350},[148,45789,45790],{},[167,45791,2945,45792,2878],{"href":2245},[15,45793,2248],{},[148,45795,45796],{},[167,45797,2945,45798,2878],{"href":2251},[15,45799,2254],{},[148,45801,45802],{},[167,45803,45276],{"href":45275},[148,45805,45806],{},[167,45807,2945,45809,2878],{"href":45808},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,45810,45811],{},"print()",[1294,45813,45814],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":45816},[45817,45818,45820,45821,45823,45829,45837,45838,45839,45848],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":44279,"depth":80,"text":45819},"What input() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":44508,"depth":80,"text":45822},"What input() returns",{"id":44711,"depth":80,"text":44712,"children":45824},[45825,45826,45828],{"id":44715,"depth":96,"text":44716},{"id":44768,"depth":96,"text":45827},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":44839,"depth":96,"text":44840},{"id":45074,"depth":80,"text":45075,"children":45830},[45831,45833,45834,45836],{"id":45083,"depth":96,"text":45832},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45151,"depth":96,"text":45152},{"id":45226,"depth":96,"text":45835},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45279,"depth":96,"text":45280},{"id":45371,"depth":80,"text":45372},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":45840},[45841,45843,45845,45847],{"id":45718,"depth":96,"text":45842},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":45732,"depth":96,"text":45844},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":45744,"depth":96,"text":45846},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":45763,"depth":96,"text":45764},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":41551,"description":45849},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":45856,"title":41453,"body":45857,"description":48170,"extension":1331,"meta":48171,"navigation":268,"path":48172,"seo":48173,"stem":48174,"__hash__":48175},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45858,"toc":48122},[45859,45864,45869,45874,45895,45898,45900,45960,45962,45981,45986,45991,45996,45998,46011,46013,46096,46098,46139,46145,46147,46177,46183,46186,46203,46205,46257,46259,46277,46283,46289,46292,46310,46312,46385,46387,46406,46413,46419,46424,46427,46487,46489,46508,46511,46514,46529,46535,46539,46600,46602,46623,46627,46756,46758,46888,46898,46904,46910,46918,46984,46986,47011,47014,47031,47044,47050,47053,47086,47088,47101,47104,47147,47149,47157,47164,47168,47175,47179,47206,47208,47216,47222,47239,47244,47248,47275,47277,47285,47289,47294,47297,47323,47326,47335,47343,47347,47357,47361,47364,47366,47417,47419,47449,47459,47486,47488,47496,47506,47510,47513,47515,47563,47565,47609,47615,47666,47668,47687,47692,47697,47700,47719,47722,47774,47776,47785,47787,47791,47795,47798,47807,47814,47816,47843,47847,47849,47858,47861,47868,47874,47934,47938,47940,47948,47951,47977,47983,47986,48006,48008,48017,48025,48027,48033,48038,48045,48055,48061,48069,48073,48076,48078,48119],[10,45860,2945,45862,2949],{"id":45861},"python-int-function-explained",[15,45863,2248],{},[20,45865,31667,45866,45868],{},[15,45867,2248],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,45870,34758,45871,45873],{},[15,45872,2248],{}," when they want to:",[145,45875,45876,45886,45889,45892],{},[148,45877,45878,45879,45882,45883],{},"turn text like ",[15,45880,45881],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,45884,45885],{},"42",[148,45887,45888],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[148,45890,45891],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[148,45893,45894],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,45896,45897],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[131,45899,1372],{"id":1371},[35,45901,45903],{"className":37,"code":45902,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,45904,45905,45923,45937],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45906,45907,45909,45911,45913,45915,45917,45919,45921],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45908,100],{"class":99},[44,45910,103],{"class":58},[44,45912,1558],{"class":121},[44,45914,103],{"class":58},[44,45916,236],{"class":235},[44,45918,45885],{"class":239},[44,45920,236],{"class":235},[44,45922,993],{"class":58},[44,45924,45925,45927,45929,45931,45933,45935],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,45926,100],{"class":99},[44,45928,103],{"class":58},[44,45930,1558],{"class":121},[44,45932,103],{"class":58},[44,45934,41341],{"class":62},[44,45936,993],{"class":58},[44,45938,45939,45941,45943,45945,45947,45949,45952,45954,45956,45958],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,45940,100],{"class":99},[44,45942,103],{"class":58},[44,45944,1558],{"class":121},[44,45946,103],{"class":58},[44,45948,236],{"class":235},[44,45950,45951],{"class":239},"101",[44,45953,236],{"class":235},[44,45955,66],{"class":58},[44,45957,69],{"class":62},[44,45959,993],{"class":58},[20,45961,111],{},[35,45963,45965],{"className":37,"code":45964,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,45966,45967,45972,45977],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45968,45969],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45970,45971],{"class":62},"42\n",[44,45973,45974],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,45975,45976],{"class":62},"3\n",[44,45978,45979],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,45980,2318],{"class":62},[20,45982,1462,45983,45985],{},[15,45984,2248],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[131,45987,134,45989,137],{"id":45988},"what-int-does",[15,45990,2248],{},[20,45992,45993,45995],{},[15,45994,2248],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,45997,197],{},[145,45999,46000,46005,46008],{},[148,46001,46002,46003,6712],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46004,1558],{},[148,46006,46007],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[148,46009,46010],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46012,1578],{},[35,46014,46016],{"className":37,"code":46015,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46017,46018,46030,46044,46048,46058,46068,46082],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46019,46020,46022,46024,46026,46028],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46021,34039],{"class":50},[44,46023,55],{"class":54},[44,46025,247],{"class":235},[44,46027,8564],{"class":239},[44,46029,2727],{"class":235},[44,46031,46032,46034,46036,46038,46040,46042],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,46033,1588],{"class":50},[44,46035,55],{"class":54},[44,46037,44635],{"class":121},[44,46039,103],{"class":58},[44,46041,34060],{"class":89},[44,46043,108],{"class":58},[44,46045,46046],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,46047,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,46049,46050,46052,46054,46056],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,46051,100],{"class":99},[44,46053,103],{"class":58},[44,46055,34060],{"class":89},[44,46057,108],{"class":58},[44,46059,46060,46062,46064,46066],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,46061,100],{"class":99},[44,46063,103],{"class":58},[44,46065,1610],{"class":89},[44,46067,108],{"class":58},[44,46069,46070,46072,46074,46076,46078,46080],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,46071,100],{"class":99},[44,46073,103],{"class":58},[44,46075,985],{"class":121},[44,46077,103],{"class":58},[44,46079,34060],{"class":89},[44,46081,993],{"class":58},[44,46083,46084,46086,46088,46090,46092,46094],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,46085,100],{"class":99},[44,46087,103],{"class":58},[44,46089,985],{"class":121},[44,46091,103],{"class":58},[44,46093,1610],{"class":89},[44,46095,993],{"class":58},[20,46097,111],{},[35,46099,46101],{"className":37,"code":46100,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46102,46103,46107,46111,46125],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46104,46105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46106,2078],{"class":62},[44,46108,46109],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,46110,2078],{"class":62},[44,46112,46113,46115,46117,46119,46121,46123],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,46114,1005],{"class":54},[44,46116,1009],{"class":1008},[44,46118,1012],{"class":235},[44,46120,2812],{"class":239},[44,46122,1018],{"class":235},[44,46124,1021],{"class":54},[44,46126,46127,46129,46131,46133,46135,46137],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,46128,1005],{"class":54},[44,46130,1009],{"class":1008},[44,46132,1012],{"class":235},[44,46134,1558],{"class":239},[44,46136,1018],{"class":235},[44,46138,1021],{"class":54},[20,46140,46141,46142,46144],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46143,2248],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[131,46146,175],{"id":174},[35,46148,46150],{"className":37,"code":46149,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46151,46152,46162],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46153,46154,46156,46158,46160],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46155,1558],{"class":121},[44,46157,103],{"class":58},[44,46159,1104],{"class":89},[44,46161,108],{"class":58},[44,46163,46164,46166,46168,46170,46172,46175],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,46165,1558],{"class":121},[44,46167,103],{"class":58},[44,46169,1104],{"class":89},[44,46171,66],{"class":58},[44,46173,46174],{"class":89}," base",[44,46176,108],{"class":58},[347,46178,46180],{"id":46179},"intx",[15,46181,46182],{},"int(x)",[20,46184,46185],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[145,46187,46188,46193,46198],{},[148,46189,46190,46191],{},"a string such as ",[15,46192,41483],{},[148,46194,46195,46196],{},"a float such as ",[15,46197,41341],{},[148,46199,46200,46201],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46202,2974],{},[20,46204,1578],{},[35,46206,46208],{"className":37,"code":46207,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46209,46210,46228,46243],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46211,46212,46214,46216,46218,46220,46222,46224,46226],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46213,100],{"class":99},[44,46215,103],{"class":58},[44,46217,1558],{"class":121},[44,46219,103],{"class":58},[44,46221,236],{"class":235},[44,46223,1701],{"class":239},[44,46225,236],{"class":235},[44,46227,993],{"class":58},[44,46229,46230,46232,46234,46236,46238,46241],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,46231,100],{"class":99},[44,46233,103],{"class":58},[44,46235,1558],{"class":121},[44,46237,103],{"class":58},[44,46239,46240],{"class":62},"8.7",[44,46242,993],{"class":58},[44,46244,46245,46247,46249,46251,46253,46255],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,46246,100],{"class":99},[44,46248,103],{"class":58},[44,46250,1558],{"class":121},[44,46252,103],{"class":58},[44,46254,2974],{"class":692},[44,46256,993],{"class":58},[20,46258,111],{},[35,46260,46262],{"className":37,"code":46261,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46263,46264,46268,46272],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46265,46266],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46267,1747],{"class":62},[44,46269,46270],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,46271,1752],{"class":62},[44,46273,46274],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,46275,46276],{"class":62},"1\n",[347,46278,46280],{"id":46279},"intx-base",[15,46281,46282],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46284,46285,46286,46288],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46287,1104],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46290,46291],{},"Common bases:",[145,46293,46294,46299,46304],{},[148,46295,46296,46298],{},[15,46297,1426],{}," for binary",[148,46300,46301,46303],{},[15,46302,1716],{}," for octal",[148,46305,46306,46309],{},[15,46307,46308],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46311,1578],{},[35,46313,46315],{"className":37,"code":46314,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46316,46317,46339,46362],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46318,46319,46321,46323,46325,46327,46329,46331,46333,46335,46337],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46320,100],{"class":99},[44,46322,103],{"class":58},[44,46324,1558],{"class":121},[44,46326,103],{"class":58},[44,46328,236],{"class":235},[44,46330,45951],{"class":239},[44,46332,236],{"class":235},[44,46334,66],{"class":58},[44,46336,69],{"class":62},[44,46338,993],{"class":58},[44,46340,46341,46343,46345,46347,46349,46351,46354,46356,46358,46360],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,46342,100],{"class":99},[44,46344,103],{"class":58},[44,46346,1558],{"class":121},[44,46348,103],{"class":58},[44,46350,236],{"class":235},[44,46352,46353],{"class":239},"17",[44,46355,236],{"class":235},[44,46357,66],{"class":58},[44,46359,5730],{"class":62},[44,46361,993],{"class":58},[44,46363,46364,46366,46368,46370,46372,46374,46377,46379,46381,46383],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,46365,100],{"class":99},[44,46367,103],{"class":58},[44,46369,1558],{"class":121},[44,46371,103],{"class":58},[44,46373,236],{"class":235},[44,46375,46376],{"class":239},"1A",[44,46378,236],{"class":235},[44,46380,66],{"class":58},[44,46382,13342],{"class":62},[44,46384,993],{"class":58},[20,46386,111],{},[35,46388,46390],{"className":37,"code":46389,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46391,46392,46396,46401],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46393,46394],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46395,2318],{"class":62},[44,46397,46398],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,46399,46400],{"class":62},"15\n",[44,46402,46403],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,46404,46405],{"class":62},"26\n",[20,46407,46408,46409,86],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[167,46410,46411,1673],{"href":2251},[15,46412,2254],{},[131,46414,350,46416,46418],{"id":46415},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46417,2248],{}," with strings",[20,46420,46421,46423],{},[15,46422,2248],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46425,46426],{},"Examples that work:",[35,46428,46430],{"className":37,"code":46429,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,46431,46432,46450,46468],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46433,46434,46436,46438,46440,46442,46444,46446,46448],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46435,100],{"class":99},[44,46437,103],{"class":58},[44,46439,1558],{"class":121},[44,46441,103],{"class":58},[44,46443,236],{"class":235},[44,46445,1507],{"class":239},[44,46447,236],{"class":235},[44,46449,993],{"class":58},[44,46451,46452,46454,46456,46458,46460,46462,46464,46466],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,46453,100],{"class":99},[44,46455,103],{"class":58},[44,46457,1558],{"class":121},[44,46459,103],{"class":58},[44,46461,236],{"class":235},[44,46463,1662],{"class":239},[44,46465,236],{"class":235},[44,46467,993],{"class":58},[44,46469,46470,46472,46474,46476,46478,46480,46483,46485],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,46471,100],{"class":99},[44,46473,103],{"class":58},[44,46475,1558],{"class":121},[44,46477,103],{"class":58},[44,46479,236],{"class":235},[44,46481,46482],{"class":239},"  42  ",[44,46484,236],{"class":235},[44,46486,993],{"class":58},[20,46488,111],{},[35,46490,46492],{"className":37,"code":46491,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,46493,46494,46498,46504],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46495,46496],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46497,2318],{"class":62},[44,46499,46500,46502],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,46501,1391],{"class":54},[44,46503,1596],{"class":62},[44,46505,46506],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,46507,45971],{"class":62},[20,46509,46510],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,46512,46513],{},"Examples that fail:",[35,46515,46517],{"className":37,"code":46516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,46518,46519,46524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46520,46521],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46522,46523],{"class":3035},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[44,46525,46526],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,46527,46528],{"class":3035},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,46530,46531,46532,46534],{},"These raise ",[15,46533,40060],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[347,46536,46538],{"id":46537},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[35,46540,46542],{"className":37,"code":46541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,46543,46544,46562,46581],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46545,46546,46548,46550,46552,46554,46556,46558,46560],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46547,100],{"class":99},[44,46549,103],{"class":58},[44,46551,1558],{"class":121},[44,46553,103],{"class":58},[44,46555,236],{"class":235},[44,46557,1490],{"class":239},[44,46559,236],{"class":235},[44,46561,993],{"class":58},[44,46563,46564,46566,46568,46570,46572,46574,46577,46579],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,46565,100],{"class":99},[44,46567,103],{"class":58},[44,46569,1558],{"class":121},[44,46571,103],{"class":58},[44,46573,236],{"class":235},[44,46575,46576],{"class":239},"+7",[44,46578,236],{"class":235},[44,46580,993],{"class":58},[44,46582,46583,46585,46587,46589,46591,46593,46596,46598],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,46584,100],{"class":99},[44,46586,103],{"class":58},[44,46588,1558],{"class":121},[44,46590,103],{"class":58},[44,46592,236],{"class":235},[44,46594,46595],{"class":239},"-100",[44,46597,236],{"class":235},[44,46599,993],{"class":58},[20,46601,111],{},[35,46603,46605],{"className":37,"code":46604,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,46606,46607,46612,46616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46608,46609],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46610,46611],{"class":62},"0\n",[44,46613,46614],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,46615,1449],{"class":62},[44,46617,46618,46620],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,46619,1391],{"class":54},[44,46621,46622],{"class":62},"100\n",[347,46624,46626],{"id":46625},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[35,46628,46630],{"className":37,"code":46629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,46631,46632,46670,46674,46686,46693,46708,46723],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46633,46634,46636,46638,46640,46642,46644,46646,46648,46650,46653,46655,46657,46659,46661,46663,46666,46668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46635,3191],{"class":50},[44,46637,55],{"class":54},[44,46639,2993],{"class":58},[44,46641,236],{"class":235},[44,46643,39499],{"class":239},[44,46645,236],{"class":235},[44,46647,66],{"class":58},[44,46649,247],{"class":235},[44,46651,46652],{"class":239},"12abc",[44,46654,236],{"class":235},[44,46656,66],{"class":58},[44,46658,5497],{"class":235},[44,46660,66],{"class":58},[44,46662,247],{"class":235},[44,46664,46665],{"class":239},"seven",[44,46667,236],{"class":235},[44,46669,3006],{"class":58},[44,46671,46672],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,46673,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,46675,46676,46678,46680,46682,46684],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,46677,5328],{"class":3245},[44,46679,20932],{"class":50},[44,46681,3252],{"class":3245},[44,46683,3255],{"class":50},[44,46685,5764],{"class":58},[44,46687,46688,46691],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,46689,46690],{"class":3245},"    try",[44,46692,5764],{"class":58},[44,46694,46695,46698,46700,46702,46704,46706],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,46696,46697],{"class":99},"        print",[44,46699,103],{"class":58},[44,46701,1558],{"class":121},[44,46703,103],{"class":58},[44,46705,1843],{"class":89},[44,46707,993],{"class":58},[44,46709,46710,46713,46715,46718,46721],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,46711,46712],{"class":3245},"    except",[44,46714,41283],{"class":121},[44,46716,46717],{"class":3245}," as",[44,46719,46720],{"class":50}," error",[44,46722,5764],{"class":58},[44,46724,46725,46727,46729,46731,46733,46735,46737,46740,46742,46745,46747,46750,46752,46754],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,46726,46697],{"class":99},[44,46728,103],{"class":58},[44,46730,21641],{"class":1008},[44,46732,236],{"class":239},[44,46734,550],{"class":62},[44,46736,1843],{"class":89},[44,46738,46739],{"class":1008},"!r",[44,46741,21650],{"class":62},[44,46743,46744],{"class":239}," -> ",[44,46746,550],{"class":62},[44,46748,46749],{"class":89},"error",[44,46751,21650],{"class":62},[44,46753,236],{"class":239},[44,46755,108],{"class":58},[20,46757,111],{},[35,46759,46761],{"className":37,"code":46760,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,46762,46763,46799,46831,46856],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46764,46765,46767,46769,46771,46774,46777,46779,46781,46783,46786,46789,46791,46793,46795,46797],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46766,1018],{"class":42686},[44,46768,39499],{"class":42690},[44,46770,1018],{"class":42686},[44,46772,46773],{"class":36721}," ->",[44,46775,46776],{"class":50}," invalid literal ",[44,46778,5328],{"class":3245},[44,46780,44635],{"class":121},[44,46782,6738],{"class":58},[44,46784,46785],{"class":3245}," with",[44,46787,46788],{"class":50}," base ",[44,46790,1701],{"class":62},[44,46792,2255],{"class":58},[44,46794,1012],{"class":235},[44,46796,39499],{"class":239},[44,46798,29048],{"class":235},[44,46800,46801,46803,46805,46807,46809,46811,46813,46815,46817,46819,46821,46823,46825,46827,46829],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,46802,1018],{"class":235},[44,46804,46652],{"class":239},[44,46806,1018],{"class":235},[44,46808,46773],{"class":36721},[44,46810,46776],{"class":50},[44,46812,5328],{"class":3245},[44,46814,44635],{"class":121},[44,46816,6738],{"class":58},[44,46818,46785],{"class":3245},[44,46820,46788],{"class":50},[44,46822,1701],{"class":62},[44,46824,2255],{"class":58},[44,46826,1012],{"class":235},[44,46828,46652],{"class":239},[44,46830,29048],{"class":235},[44,46832,46833,46835,46837,46839,46841,46843,46845,46847,46849,46851,46853],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,46834,3144],{"class":235},[44,46836,46773],{"class":36721},[44,46838,46776],{"class":50},[44,46840,5328],{"class":3245},[44,46842,44635],{"class":121},[44,46844,6738],{"class":58},[44,46846,46785],{"class":3245},[44,46848,46788],{"class":50},[44,46850,1701],{"class":62},[44,46852,2255],{"class":58},[44,46854,46855],{"class":235}," ''\n",[44,46857,46858,46860,46862,46864,46866,46868,46870,46872,46874,46876,46878,46880,46882,46884,46886],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,46859,1018],{"class":235},[44,46861,46665],{"class":239},[44,46863,1018],{"class":235},[44,46865,46773],{"class":36721},[44,46867,46776],{"class":50},[44,46869,5328],{"class":3245},[44,46871,44635],{"class":121},[44,46873,6738],{"class":58},[44,46875,46785],{"class":3245},[44,46877,46788],{"class":50},[44,46879,1701],{"class":62},[44,46881,2255],{"class":58},[44,46883,1012],{"class":235},[44,46885,46665],{"class":239},[44,46887,29048],{"class":235},[20,46889,46890,46891,46893,46894,86],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[167,46892,8351],{"href":8350}," and the ",[167,46895,46896,1673],{"href":7593},[15,46897,2329],{},[131,46899,350,46901,46903],{"id":46900},"using-int-with-floats",[15,46902,2248],{}," with floats",[20,46905,46906,46907,46909],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,46908,2248],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,46911,46912,46913,601,46915,46917],{},"Important: ",[15,46914,2248],{},[30,46916,604],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[35,46919,46921],{"className":37,"code":46920,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,46922,46923,46937,46952,46968],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46924,46925,46927,46929,46931,46933,46935],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46926,100],{"class":99},[44,46928,103],{"class":58},[44,46930,1558],{"class":121},[44,46932,103],{"class":58},[44,46934,41341],{"class":62},[44,46936,993],{"class":58},[44,46938,46939,46941,46943,46945,46947,46950],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,46940,100],{"class":99},[44,46942,103],{"class":58},[44,46944,1558],{"class":121},[44,46946,103],{"class":58},[44,46948,46949],{"class":62},"3.1",[44,46951,993],{"class":58},[44,46953,46954,46956,46958,46960,46962,46964,46966],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,46955,100],{"class":99},[44,46957,103],{"class":58},[44,46959,1558],{"class":121},[44,46961,103],{"class":58},[44,46963,1391],{"class":54},[44,46965,41341],{"class":62},[44,46967,993],{"class":58},[44,46969,46970,46972,46974,46976,46978,46980,46982],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,46971,100],{"class":99},[44,46973,103],{"class":58},[44,46975,1558],{"class":121},[44,46977,103],{"class":58},[44,46979,1391],{"class":54},[44,46981,46949],{"class":62},[44,46983,993],{"class":58},[20,46985,111],{},[35,46987,46989],{"className":37,"code":46988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,46990,46991,46995,46999,47005],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46992,46993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46994,45976],{"class":62},[44,46996,46997],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,46998,45976],{"class":62},[44,47000,47001,47003],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,47002,1391],{"class":54},[44,47004,45976],{"class":62},[44,47006,47007,47009],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,47008,1391],{"class":54},[44,47010,45976],{"class":62},[20,47012,47013],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[145,47015,47016,47023],{},[148,47017,47018,41512,47021],{},[15,47019,47020],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47022,1432],{},[148,47024,47025,41512,47028],{},[15,47026,47027],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47029,47030],{},"-3",[20,47032,47033,47034,47038,47039,86],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[167,47035,47036],{"href":2251},[15,47037,2254],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[167,47040,47041],{"href":41532},[15,47042,47043],{},"str()",[131,47045,350,47047,47049],{"id":47046},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47048,2248],{}," with booleans",[20,47051,47052],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[35,47054,47056],{"className":37,"code":47055,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47057,47058,47072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47059,47060,47062,47064,47066,47068,47070],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47061,100],{"class":99},[44,47063,103],{"class":58},[44,47065,1558],{"class":121},[44,47067,103],{"class":58},[44,47069,2974],{"class":692},[44,47071,993],{"class":58},[44,47073,47074,47076,47078,47080,47082,47084],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,47075,100],{"class":99},[44,47077,103],{"class":58},[44,47079,1558],{"class":121},[44,47081,103],{"class":58},[44,47083,3046],{"class":692},[44,47085,993],{"class":58},[20,47087,111],{},[35,47089,47091],{"className":37,"code":47090,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n0\n",[15,47092,47093,47097],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47094,47095],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47096,46276],{"class":62},[44,47098,47099],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,47100,46611],{"class":62},[20,47102,47103],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[35,47105,47107],{"className":37,"code":47106,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47108,47109,47118,47133,47137],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47110,47111,47114,47116],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47112,47113],{"class":50},"passed ",[44,47115,55],{"class":54},[44,47117,5793],{"class":692},[44,47119,47120,47122,47124,47126,47128,47131],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,47121,40539],{"class":50},[44,47123,55],{"class":54},[44,47125,44635],{"class":121},[44,47127,103],{"class":58},[44,47129,47130],{"class":89},"passed",[44,47132,108],{"class":58},[44,47134,47135],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,47136,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,47138,47139,47141,47143,47145],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,47140,100],{"class":99},[44,47142,103],{"class":58},[44,47144,40568],{"class":89},[44,47146,108],{"class":58},[20,47148,111],{},[35,47150,47151],{"className":37,"code":46276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47152,47153],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47154,47155],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47156,46276],{"class":62},[20,47158,47159,47160,86],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[167,47161,47162,1673],{"href":5150},[15,47163,3181],{},[131,47165,47167],{"id":47166},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47169,47170,47171,47174],{},"Use the ",[15,47172,47173],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[347,47176,47178],{"id":47177},"binary-example","Binary example",[35,47180,47182],{"className":37,"code":47181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47183,47184],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47185,47186,47188,47190,47192,47194,47196,47198,47200,47202,47204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47187,100],{"class":99},[44,47189,103],{"class":58},[44,47191,1558],{"class":121},[44,47193,103],{"class":58},[44,47195,236],{"class":235},[44,47197,45951],{"class":239},[44,47199,236],{"class":235},[44,47201,66],{"class":58},[44,47203,69],{"class":62},[44,47205,993],{"class":58},[20,47207,111],{},[35,47209,47210],{"className":37,"code":2318,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47211,47212],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47213,47214],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47215,2318],{"class":62},[20,47217,47218,47221],{},[15,47219,47220],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[145,47223,47224,47229,47234],{},[148,47225,47226],{},[15,47227,47228],{},"1 × 4",[148,47230,47231],{},[15,47232,47233],{},"0 × 2",[148,47235,47236],{},[15,47237,47238],{},"1 × 1",[20,47240,47241,47242,86],{},"So the result is ",[15,47243,1507],{},[347,47245,47247],{"id":47246},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[35,47249,47251],{"className":37,"code":47250,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47252,47253],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47254,47255,47257,47259,47261,47263,47265,47267,47269,47271,47273],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47256,100],{"class":99},[44,47258,103],{"class":58},[44,47260,1558],{"class":121},[44,47262,103],{"class":58},[44,47264,236],{"class":235},[44,47266,46376],{"class":239},[44,47268,236],{"class":235},[44,47270,66],{"class":58},[44,47272,13342],{"class":62},[44,47274,993],{"class":58},[20,47276,111],{},[35,47278,47279],{"className":37,"code":46405,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47280,47281],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47282,47283],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47284,46405],{"class":62},[347,47286,47288],{"id":47287},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47290,140,47291,47293],{},[15,47292,47173],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47295,47296],{},"Good:",[35,47298,47299],{"className":37,"code":47181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47300,47301],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47302,47303,47305,47307,47309,47311,47313,47315,47317,47319,47321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47304,100],{"class":99},[44,47306,103],{"class":58},[44,47308,1558],{"class":121},[44,47310,103],{"class":58},[44,47312,236],{"class":235},[44,47314,45951],{"class":239},[44,47316,236],{"class":235},[44,47318,66],{"class":58},[44,47320,69],{"class":62},[44,47322,993],{"class":58},[20,47324,47325],{},"Not correct:",[35,47327,47329],{"className":37,"code":47328,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47330,47331],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47332,47333],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47334,47328],{"class":3035},[20,47336,47337,47338,7975,47340,47342],{},"That causes a ",[15,47339,2376],{},[15,47341,47173],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[131,47344,47346],{"id":47345},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47348,47349,47350,47352,47353,342,47355,86],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47351,2248],{}," are ",[15,47354,40060],{},[15,47356,2376],{},[347,47358,47359],{"id":40870},[15,47360,40060],{},[20,47362,47363],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47365,1578],{},[35,47367,47369],{"className":37,"code":47368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47370,47371,47377,47395,47407],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47372,47373,47375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47374,29152],{"class":3245},[44,47376,5764],{"class":58},[44,47378,47379,47381,47383,47385,47387,47389,47391,47393],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,47380,7442],{"class":99},[44,47382,103],{"class":58},[44,47384,1558],{"class":121},[44,47386,103],{"class":58},[44,47388,236],{"class":235},[44,47390,39499],{"class":239},[44,47392,236],{"class":235},[44,47394,993],{"class":58},[44,47396,47397,47399,47401,47403,47405],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,47398,29183],{"class":3245},[44,47400,41283],{"class":121},[44,47402,46717],{"class":3245},[44,47404,46720],{"class":50},[44,47406,5764],{"class":58},[44,47408,47409,47411,47413,47415],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,47410,7442],{"class":99},[44,47412,103],{"class":58},[44,47414,46749],{"class":89},[44,47416,108],{"class":58},[20,47418,111],{},[35,47420,47422],{"className":37,"code":47421,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47423,47424],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47425,47426,47429,47431,47433,47435,47437,47439,47441,47443,47445,47447],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47427,47428],{"class":50},"invalid literal ",[44,47430,5328],{"class":3245},[44,47432,44635],{"class":121},[44,47434,6738],{"class":58},[44,47436,46785],{"class":3245},[44,47438,46788],{"class":50},[44,47440,1701],{"class":62},[44,47442,2255],{"class":58},[44,47444,1012],{"class":235},[44,47446,39499],{"class":239},[44,47448,29048],{"class":235},[20,47450,47451,47452,47455,47456,47458],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,47453,47454],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,47457,2248],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[35,47460,47462],{"className":37,"code":47461,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,47463,47464],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47465,47466,47468,47470,47472,47474,47476,47478,47480,47482,47484],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47467,100],{"class":99},[44,47469,103],{"class":58},[44,47471,1558],{"class":121},[44,47473,103],{"class":58},[44,47475,1562],{"class":121},[44,47477,103],{"class":58},[44,47479,236],{"class":235},[44,47481,39499],{"class":239},[44,47483,236],{"class":235},[44,47485,2283],{"class":58},[20,47487,111],{},[35,47489,47490],{"className":37,"code":45976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47491,47492],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47493,47494],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47495,45976],{"class":62},[20,47497,47498,47499,342,47502,86],{},"If you see this often, read ",[167,47500,47501],{"href":2333},"how to convert string to int in Python",[167,47503,25028,47504],{"href":45275},[15,47505,45276],{},[347,47507,47508],{"id":40936},[15,47509,2376],{},[20,47511,47512],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,47514,1578],{},[35,47516,47518],{"className":37,"code":47517,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47519,47520,47526,47540,47553],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47521,47522,47524],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47523,29152],{"class":3245},[44,47525,5764],{"class":58},[44,47527,47528,47530,47532,47534,47536,47538],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,47529,7442],{"class":99},[44,47531,103],{"class":58},[44,47533,1558],{"class":121},[44,47535,103],{"class":58},[44,47537,159],{"class":692},[44,47539,993],{"class":58},[44,47541,47542,47544,47547,47549,47551],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,47543,29183],{"class":3245},[44,47545,47546],{"class":121}," TypeError",[44,47548,46717],{"class":3245},[44,47550,46720],{"class":50},[44,47552,5764],{"class":58},[44,47554,47555,47557,47559,47561],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,47556,7442],{"class":99},[44,47558,103],{"class":58},[44,47560,46749],{"class":89},[44,47562,108],{"class":58},[20,47564,111],{},[35,47566,47568],{"className":37,"code":47567,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,47569,47570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47571,47572,47574,47576,47579,47581,47583,47586,47588,47591,47593,47596,47598,47600,47602,47604,47607],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47573,1558],{"class":121},[44,47575,6738],{"class":58},[44,47577,47578],{"class":50}," argument must be a string",[44,47580,66],{"class":58},[44,47582,43903],{"class":50},[44,47584,47585],{"class":121},"bytes",[44,47587,1391],{"class":54},[44,47589,47590],{"class":50},"like ",[44,47592,41756],{"class":121},[44,47594,47595],{"class":54}," or",[44,47597,40196],{"class":50},[44,47599,66],{"class":58},[44,47601,7473],{"class":54},[44,47603,1012],{"class":235},[44,47605,47606],{"class":239},"NoneType",[44,47608,29048],{"class":235},[20,47610,47611,47612,47614],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,47613,47173],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[35,47616,47618],{"className":37,"code":47617,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47619,47620,47626,47644,47656],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47621,47622,47624],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47623,29152],{"class":3245},[44,47625,5764],{"class":58},[44,47627,47628,47630,47632,47634,47636,47638,47640,47642],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,47629,7442],{"class":99},[44,47631,103],{"class":58},[44,47633,1558],{"class":121},[44,47635,103],{"class":58},[44,47637,45951],{"class":62},[44,47639,66],{"class":58},[44,47641,69],{"class":62},[44,47643,993],{"class":58},[44,47645,47646,47648,47650,47652,47654],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,47647,29183],{"class":3245},[44,47649,47546],{"class":121},[44,47651,46717],{"class":3245},[44,47653,46720],{"class":50},[44,47655,5764],{"class":58},[44,47657,47658,47660,47662,47664],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,47659,7442],{"class":99},[44,47661,103],{"class":58},[44,47663,46749],{"class":89},[44,47665,108],{"class":58},[20,47667,111],{},[35,47669,47671],{"className":37,"code":47670,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,47672,47673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47674,47675,47677,47679,47682,47684],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47676,1558],{"class":121},[44,47678,6738],{"class":58},[44,47680,47681],{"class":50}," can",[44,47683,1018],{"class":235},[44,47685,47686],{"class":239},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[131,47688,4331,47690],{"id":47689},"when-to-use-int",[15,47691,2248],{},[20,47693,1462,47694,47696],{},[15,47695,2248],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,47698,47699],{},"Common uses:",[145,47701,47702,47708,47711,47714],{},[148,47703,47704,47705,47707],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,47706,2329],{}," into integers",[148,47709,47710],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[148,47712,47713],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[148,47715,47716,47717,35969],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,47718,47173],{},[20,47720,47721],{},"Example with user input:",[35,47723,47725],{"className":37,"code":47724,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,47726,47727,47741,47756,47760],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47728,47729,47732,47734,47736,47739],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47730,47731],{"class":50},"age_text ",[44,47733,55],{"class":54},[44,47735,247],{"class":235},[44,47737,47738],{"class":239},"18",[44,47740,2727],{"class":235},[44,47742,47743,47745,47747,47749,47751,47754],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,47744,20976],{"class":50},[44,47746,55],{"class":54},[44,47748,44635],{"class":121},[44,47750,103],{"class":58},[44,47752,47753],{"class":89},"age_text",[44,47755,108],{"class":58},[44,47757,47758],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,47759,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,47761,47762,47764,47766,47768,47770,47772],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,47763,100],{"class":99},[44,47765,103],{"class":58},[44,47767,20976],{"class":89},[44,47769,1429],{"class":54},[44,47771,4867],{"class":62},[44,47773,108],{"class":58},[20,47775,111],{},[35,47777,47779],{"className":37,"code":47778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"19\n",[15,47780,47781],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47782,47783],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47784,47778],{"class":62},[131,47786,2200],{"id":2199},[20,47788,14087,47789,86],{},[15,47790,2248],{},[347,47792,47794],{"id":47793},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,47796,47797],{},"This fails:",[35,47799,47801],{"className":37,"code":47800,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,47802,47803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47804,47805],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47806,47800],{"class":3035},[20,47808,47809,47810,47813],{},"Why: ",[15,47811,47812],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,47815,18188],{},[35,47817,47819],{"className":37,"code":47818,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,47820,47821],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47822,47823,47825,47827,47829,47831,47833,47835,47837,47839,47841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47824,100],{"class":99},[44,47826,103],{"class":58},[44,47828,1558],{"class":121},[44,47830,103],{"class":58},[44,47832,1562],{"class":121},[44,47834,103],{"class":58},[44,47836,236],{"class":235},[44,47838,40480],{"class":239},[44,47840,236],{"class":235},[44,47842,2283],{"class":58},[347,47844,47846],{"id":47845},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,47848,47797],{},[35,47850,47852],{"className":37,"code":47851,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,47853,47854],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47855,47856],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47857,47851],{"class":3035},[20,47859,47860],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[347,47862,47864,47865],{"id":47863},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,47866,47867],{},"int(None)",[20,47869,47870,47871,47873],{},"This fails because ",[15,47872,159],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[35,47875,47877],{"className":37,"code":47876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47878,47879,47888,47892,47898,47912,47924],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47880,47881,47883,47885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47882,1817],{"class":50},[44,47884,55],{"class":54},[44,47886,47887],{"class":692}," None\n",[44,47889,47890],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,47891,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,47893,47894,47896],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,47895,29152],{"class":3245},[44,47897,5764],{"class":58},[44,47899,47900,47902,47904,47906,47908,47910],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,47901,7442],{"class":99},[44,47903,103],{"class":58},[44,47905,1558],{"class":121},[44,47907,103],{"class":58},[44,47909,1843],{"class":89},[44,47911,993],{"class":58},[44,47913,47914,47916,47918,47920,47922],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,47915,29183],{"class":3245},[44,47917,47546],{"class":121},[44,47919,46717],{"class":3245},[44,47921,46720],{"class":50},[44,47923,5764],{"class":58},[44,47925,47926,47928,47930,47932],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,47927,7442],{"class":99},[44,47929,103],{"class":58},[44,47931,46749],{"class":89},[44,47933,108],{"class":58},[347,47935,47937],{"id":47936},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,47939,47797],{},[35,47941,47942],{"className":37,"code":47328,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47943,47944],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47945,47946],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47947,47328],{"class":3035},[20,47949,47950],{},"Use a string instead:",[35,47952,47953],{"className":37,"code":47181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47954,47955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47956,47957,47959,47961,47963,47965,47967,47969,47971,47973,47975],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47958,100],{"class":99},[44,47960,103],{"class":58},[44,47962,1558],{"class":121},[44,47964,103],{"class":58},[44,47966,236],{"class":235},[44,47968,45951],{"class":239},[44,47970,236],{"class":235},[44,47972,66],{"class":58},[44,47974,69],{"class":62},[44,47976,993],{"class":58},[347,47978,923,47980,47982],{"id":47979},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,47981,2248],{}," to round",[20,47984,47985],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[35,47987,47989],{"className":37,"code":47988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,47990,47991],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47992,47993,47995,47997,47999,48001,48004],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47994,100],{"class":99},[44,47996,103],{"class":58},[44,47998,1558],{"class":121},[44,48000,103],{"class":58},[44,48002,48003],{"class":62},"4.9",[44,48005,993],{"class":58},[20,48007,111],{},[35,48009,48011],{"className":37,"code":48010,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4\n",[15,48012,48013],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48014,48015],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48016,48010],{"class":62},[20,48018,2541,48019,48021,48022,48024],{},[15,48020,1507],{},", remember that ",[15,48023,2248],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[131,48026,1196],{"id":1195},[347,48028,1212,48030,48032],{"id":48029},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48031,2248],{}," round numbers?",[20,48034,45724,48035,48037],{},[15,48036,2248],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[347,48039,4526,48041,48044],{"id":48040},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48042,48043],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48046,1187,48047,48049,48050,48052,48053,39285],{},[15,48048,47454],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48051,2254],{}," first, then use ",[15,48054,2248],{},[347,48056,1200,48058,12073],{"id":48057},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48059,48060],{},"int(True)",[20,48062,608,48063,27662,48065,41512,48067,86],{},[15,48064,63],{},[15,48066,3046],{},[15,48068,1490],{},[347,48070,48072],{"id":48071},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48074,48075],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[131,48077,1251],{"id":1250},[145,48079,48080,48086,48092,48098,48103,48107,48113],{},[148,48081,48082],{},[167,48083,48084,2878],{"href":2251},[15,48085,2254],{},[148,48087,48088],{},[167,48089,48090,2878],{"href":41532},[15,48091,47043],{},[148,48093,48094],{},[167,48095,48096,2878],{"href":5150},[15,48097,3181],{},[148,48099,48100],{},[167,48101,48102],{"href":2333},"How to convert string to int in Python",[148,48104,48105],{},[167,48106,8428],{"href":8350},[148,48108,48109],{},[167,48110,48111,2878],{"href":7593},[15,48112,2329],{},[148,48114,48115],{},[167,48116,29696,48117],{"href":45275},[15,48118,45276],{},[1294,48120,48121],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":48123},[48124,48125,48127,48131,48136,48138,48140,48145,48149,48151,48160,48169],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":45988,"depth":80,"text":48126},"What int() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175,"children":48128},[48129,48130],{"id":46179,"depth":96,"text":46182},{"id":46279,"depth":96,"text":46282},{"id":46415,"depth":80,"text":48132,"children":48133},"Using int() with strings",[48134,48135],{"id":46537,"depth":96,"text":46538},{"id":46625,"depth":96,"text":46626},{"id":46900,"depth":80,"text":48137},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47046,"depth":80,"text":48139},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47166,"depth":80,"text":47167,"children":48141},[48142,48143,48144],{"id":47177,"depth":96,"text":47178},{"id":47246,"depth":96,"text":47247},{"id":47287,"depth":96,"text":47288},{"id":47345,"depth":80,"text":47346,"children":48146},[48147,48148],{"id":40870,"depth":96,"text":40060},{"id":40936,"depth":96,"text":2376},{"id":47689,"depth":80,"text":48150},"When to use int()",{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200,"children":48152},[48153,48154,48155,48157,48158],{"id":47793,"depth":96,"text":47794},{"id":47845,"depth":96,"text":47846},{"id":47863,"depth":96,"text":48156},"Trying int(None)",{"id":47936,"depth":96,"text":47937},{"id":47979,"depth":96,"text":48159},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":48161},[48162,48164,48166,48168],{"id":48029,"depth":96,"text":48163},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48040,"depth":96,"text":48165},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48057,"depth":96,"text":48167},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48071,"depth":96,"text":48072},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41453,"description":48170},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48177,"title":48178,"body":48179,"description":50015,"extension":1331,"meta":50016,"navigation":268,"path":44161,"seo":50017,"stem":50018,"__hash__":50019},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48180,"toc":49971},[48181,48186,48191,48199,48208,48210,48269,48275,48280,48285,48288,48316,48319,48322,48333,48343,48345,48347,48367,48371,48399,48401,48440,48442,48450,48452,48455,48459,48512,48514,48526,48530,48587,48589,48601,48607,48613,48617,48620,48623,48689,48691,48703,48709,48711,48763,48766,48807,48810,48817,48826,48832,48835,48868,48874,48877,48908,48914,48917,48929,48933,48938,48942,49100,49102,49117,49120,49124,49228,49230,49247,49251,49312,49314,49322,49325,49329,49396,49398,49407,49413,49415,49424,49426,49461,49466,49468,49498,49502,49504,49541,49544,49546,49583,49589,49591,49641,49643,49651,49661,49667,49671,49676,49725,49727,49740,49743,49745,49748,49823,49826,49845,49848,49878,49888,49890,49895,49902,49908,49914,49921,49929,49935,49938,49940,49968],[10,48182,2945,48184,2949],{"id":48183},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48185,44164],{},[20,48187,48188,48190],{},[15,48189,44164],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48192,48193,48194,945,48196,48198],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48195,2974],{},[15,48197,3046],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48200,48201,48202,48204,48205,48207],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48203,44164],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48206,1672],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[131,48209,2979],{"id":2978},[35,48211,48213],{"className":37,"code":48212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48214,48215,48223,48227,48248],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48216,48217,48219,48221],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48218,1817],{"class":50},[44,48220,55],{"class":54},[44,48222,1956],{"class":62},[44,48224,48225],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,48226,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,48228,48229,48231,48233,48236,48238,48240,48242,48244,48246],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,48230,100],{"class":99},[44,48232,103],{"class":58},[44,48234,48235],{"class":99},"isinstance",[44,48237,103],{"class":58},[44,48239,1843],{"class":89},[44,48241,66],{"class":58},[44,48243,44635],{"class":121},[44,48245,4730],{"class":58},[44,48247,43213],{"class":3035},[44,48249,48250,48252,48254,48256,48258,48260,48262,48265,48267],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,48251,100],{"class":99},[44,48253,103],{"class":58},[44,48255,48235],{"class":99},[44,48257,103],{"class":58},[44,48259,1843],{"class":89},[44,48261,66],{"class":58},[44,48263,48264],{"class":121}," str",[44,48266,4730],{"class":58},[44,48268,43230],{"class":3035},[20,48270,1462,48271,48274],{},[15,48272,48273],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[131,48276,134,48278,137],{"id":48277},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48279,44164],{},[20,48281,48282,48284],{},[15,48283,44164],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48286,48287],{},"It:",[145,48289,48290,48293,48299,48302],{},[148,48291,48292],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[148,48294,156,48295,945,48297],{},[15,48296,2974],{},[15,48298,3046],{},[148,48300,48301],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[148,48303,48304,48305,1559,48307,1559,48309,1559,48311,16422,48314],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48306,2812],{},[15,48308,1558],{},[15,48310,7467],{},[15,48312,48313],{},"tuple",[15,48315,1015],{},[20,48317,48318],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48320,48321],{},"For example, you might want to:",[145,48323,48324,48327,48330],{},[148,48325,48326],{},"loop through a list",[148,48328,48329],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[148,48331,48332],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48334,48335,48336,945,48339,86],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[167,48337,44156],{"href":48338},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[167,48340,48342],{"href":48341},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[131,48344,175],{"id":174},[20,48346,1530],{},[35,48348,48350],{"className":37,"code":48349,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48351,48352],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48353,48354,48356,48358,48360,48362,48365],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48355,48235],{"class":99},[44,48357,103],{"class":58},[44,48359,41756],{"class":121},[44,48361,66],{"class":58},[44,48363,48364],{"class":89}," classinfo",[44,48366,108],{"class":58},[347,48368,48370],{"id":48369},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[145,48372,48373,48378,48392],{},[148,48374,48375,48377],{},[15,48376,41756],{}," is the value you want to test",[148,48379,48380,48383,48384,1559,48386,1559,48388,1563,48390],{},[15,48381,48382],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48385,1558],{},[15,48387,2812],{},[15,48389,7467],{},[15,48391,1015],{},[148,48393,48394,48395,945,48397],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48396,2974],{},[15,48398,3046],{},[20,48400,1578],{},[35,48402,48404],{"className":37,"code":48403,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48405,48406,48418,48422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48407,48408,48410,48412,48414,48416],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48409,7249],{"class":50},[44,48411,55],{"class":54},[44,48413,247],{"class":235},[44,48415,10870],{"class":239},[44,48417,2727],{"class":235},[44,48419,48420],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,48421,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,48423,48424,48426,48428,48430,48432,48434,48436,48438],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,48425,100],{"class":99},[44,48427,103],{"class":58},[44,48429,48235],{"class":99},[44,48431,103],{"class":58},[44,48433,7041],{"class":89},[44,48435,66],{"class":58},[44,48437,48264],{"class":121},[44,48439,993],{"class":58},[20,48441,111],{},[35,48443,48444],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48445,48446],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48447,48448],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48449,3350],{"class":692},[131,48451,215],{"id":214},[20,48453,48454],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[347,48456,48458],{"id":48457},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[35,48460,48462],{"className":37,"code":48461,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,48463,48464,48472,48476,48494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48465,48466,48468,48470],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48467,1817],{"class":50},[44,48469,55],{"class":54},[44,48471,44584],{"class":62},[44,48473,48474],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,48475,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,48477,48478,48480,48482,48484,48486,48488,48490,48492],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,48479,100],{"class":99},[44,48481,103],{"class":58},[44,48483,48235],{"class":99},[44,48485,103],{"class":58},[44,48487,1843],{"class":89},[44,48489,66],{"class":58},[44,48491,44635],{"class":121},[44,48493,993],{"class":58},[44,48495,48496,48498,48500,48502,48504,48506,48508,48510],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,48497,100],{"class":99},[44,48499,103],{"class":58},[44,48501,48235],{"class":99},[44,48503,103],{"class":58},[44,48505,1843],{"class":89},[44,48507,66],{"class":58},[44,48509,48264],{"class":121},[44,48511,993],{"class":58},[20,48513,111],{},[35,48515,48516],{"className":37,"code":43532,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48517,48518,48522],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48519,48520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48521,3350],{"class":692},[44,48523,48524],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,48525,3411],{"class":692},[347,48527,48529],{"id":48528},"check-text","Check text",[35,48531,48533],{"className":37,"code":48532,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,48534,48535,48547,48551,48569],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48536,48537,48539,48541,48543,48545],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48538,34039],{"class":50},[44,48540,55],{"class":54},[44,48542,247],{"class":235},[44,48544,3214],{"class":239},[44,48546,2727],{"class":235},[44,48548,48549],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,48550,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,48552,48553,48555,48557,48559,48561,48563,48565,48567],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,48554,100],{"class":99},[44,48556,103],{"class":58},[44,48558,48235],{"class":99},[44,48560,103],{"class":58},[44,48562,34060],{"class":89},[44,48564,66],{"class":58},[44,48566,48264],{"class":121},[44,48568,993],{"class":58},[44,48570,48571,48573,48575,48577,48579,48581,48583,48585],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,48572,100],{"class":99},[44,48574,103],{"class":58},[44,48576,48235],{"class":99},[44,48578,103],{"class":58},[44,48580,34060],{"class":89},[44,48582,66],{"class":58},[44,48584,44635],{"class":121},[44,48586,993],{"class":58},[20,48588,111],{},[35,48590,48591],{"className":37,"code":43532,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48592,48593,48597],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48594,48595],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48596,3350],{"class":692},[44,48598,48599],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,48600,3411],{"class":692},[20,48602,48603,48604,48606],{},"In both examples, ",[15,48605,44164],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,48608,48609,48610,86],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[167,48611,48612],{"href":2333},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[131,48614,48616],{"id":48615},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,48618,48619],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,48621,48622],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[35,48624,48626],{"className":37,"code":48625,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,48627,48628,48637,48641,48665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48629,48630,48632,48634],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48631,1817],{"class":50},[44,48633,55],{"class":54},[44,48635,48636],{"class":62}," 3.5\n",[44,48638,48639],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,48640,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,48642,48643,48645,48647,48649,48651,48653,48655,48657,48659,48661,48663],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,48644,100],{"class":99},[44,48646,103],{"class":58},[44,48648,48235],{"class":99},[44,48650,103],{"class":58},[44,48652,1843],{"class":89},[44,48654,66],{"class":58},[44,48656,8607],{"class":58},[44,48658,1558],{"class":121},[44,48660,66],{"class":58},[44,48662,39611],{"class":121},[44,48664,2283],{"class":58},[44,48666,48667,48669,48671,48673,48675,48677,48679,48681,48683,48685,48687],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,48668,100],{"class":99},[44,48670,103],{"class":58},[44,48672,48235],{"class":99},[44,48674,103],{"class":58},[44,48676,1843],{"class":89},[44,48678,66],{"class":58},[44,48680,8607],{"class":58},[44,48682,2812],{"class":121},[44,48684,66],{"class":58},[44,48686,21907],{"class":121},[44,48688,2283],{"class":58},[20,48690,111],{},[35,48692,48693],{"className":37,"code":43532,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48694,48695,48699],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48696,48697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48698,3350],{"class":692},[44,48700,48701],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,48702,3411],{"class":692},[20,48704,48705,48706,48708],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,48707,40193],{}," conditions.",[20,48710,7672],{},[35,48712,48714],{"className":37,"code":48713,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,48715,48716,48724,48728],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48717,48718,48720,48722],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48719,1817],{"class":50},[44,48721,55],{"class":54},[44,48723,48636],{"class":62},[44,48725,48726],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,48727,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,48729,48730,48732,48734,48736,48738,48740,48742,48744,48746,48748,48751,48753,48755,48757,48759,48761],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,48731,100],{"class":99},[44,48733,103],{"class":58},[44,48735,985],{"class":121},[44,48737,103],{"class":58},[44,48739,1843],{"class":89},[44,48741,3032],{"class":58},[44,48743,5779],{"class":54},[44,48745,44635],{"class":121},[44,48747,47595],{"class":3245},[44,48749,48750],{"class":121}," type",[44,48752,103],{"class":58},[44,48754,1843],{"class":89},[44,48756,3032],{"class":58},[44,48758,5779],{"class":54},[44,48760,39611],{"class":121},[44,48762,108],{"class":58},[20,48764,48765],{},"you can write this:",[35,48767,48769],{"className":37,"code":48768,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,48770,48771,48779,48783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48772,48773,48775,48777],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48774,1817],{"class":50},[44,48776,55],{"class":54},[44,48778,48636],{"class":62},[44,48780,48781],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,48782,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,48784,48785,48787,48789,48791,48793,48795,48797,48799,48801,48803,48805],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,48786,100],{"class":99},[44,48788,103],{"class":58},[44,48790,48235],{"class":99},[44,48792,103],{"class":58},[44,48794,1843],{"class":89},[44,48796,66],{"class":58},[44,48798,8607],{"class":58},[44,48800,1558],{"class":121},[44,48802,66],{"class":58},[44,48804,39611],{"class":121},[44,48806,2283],{"class":58},[20,48808,48809],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[131,48811,48813,9953,48815],{"id":48812},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,48814,44164],{},[15,48816,1672],{},[20,48818,9958,48819,342,48821,48825],{},[15,48820,44164],{},[167,48822,48823],{"href":1669},[15,48824,1672],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[347,48827,48829],{"id":48828},"typevalue-int",[15,48830,48831],{},"type(value) == int",[20,48833,48834],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[35,48836,48838],{"className":37,"code":48837,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,48839,48840,48848],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48841,48842,48844,48846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48843,1817],{"class":50},[44,48845,55],{"class":54},[44,48847,1956],{"class":62},[44,48849,48850,48852,48854,48856,48858,48860,48862,48864,48866],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,48851,100],{"class":99},[44,48853,103],{"class":58},[44,48855,985],{"class":121},[44,48857,103],{"class":58},[44,48859,1843],{"class":89},[44,48861,3032],{"class":58},[44,48863,5779],{"class":54},[44,48865,44635],{"class":121},[44,48867,108],{"class":58},[347,48869,48871],{"id":48870},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,48872,48873],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,48875,48876],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[35,48878,48880],{"className":37,"code":48879,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,48881,48882,48890],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48883,48884,48886,48888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48885,1817],{"class":50},[44,48887,55],{"class":54},[44,48889,1956],{"class":62},[44,48891,48892,48894,48896,48898,48900,48902,48904,48906],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,48893,100],{"class":99},[44,48895,103],{"class":58},[44,48897,48235],{"class":99},[44,48899,103],{"class":58},[44,48901,1843],{"class":89},[44,48903,66],{"class":58},[44,48905,44635],{"class":121},[44,48907,993],{"class":58},[20,48909,48910,48911,48913],{},"For beginners, ",[15,48912,44164],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,48915,48916],{},"In everyday code:",[145,48918,48919,48924],{},[148,48920,39346,48921,48923],{},[15,48922,1672],{}," when you need the exact type",[148,48925,39346,48926,48928],{},[15,48927,44164],{}," when you want a practical type check",[131,48930,48932],{"id":48931},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,48934,48935,48936,86],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,48937,44164],{},[347,48939,48941],{"id":48940},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[35,48943,48945],{"className":37,"code":48944,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,48946,48947,48965,48984,48996,49001,49019,49030,49034,49046,49050,49074],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48948,48949,48951,48954,48956,48958,48960,48963],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48950,34203],{"class":1008},[44,48952,48953],{"class":34206}," repeat_text",[44,48955,103],{"class":58},[44,48957,34060],{"class":37017},[44,48959,66],{"class":58},[44,48961,48962],{"class":37017}," count",[44,48964,7716],{"class":58},[44,48966,48967,48969,48971,48974,48976,48978,48980,48982],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,48968,5769],{"class":3245},[44,48970,7473],{"class":54},[44,48972,48973],{"class":99}," isinstance",[44,48975,103],{"class":58},[44,48977,34060],{"class":89},[44,48979,66],{"class":58},[44,48981,48264],{"class":121},[44,48983,7716],{"class":58},[44,48985,48986,48989,48991,48994],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,48987,48988],{"class":3245},"        return",[44,48990,247],{"class":235},[44,48992,48993],{"class":239},"text must be a string",[44,48995,2727],{"class":235},[44,48997,48998],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,48999,49000],{"class":50},"    \n",[44,49002,49003,49005,49007,49009,49011,49013,49015,49017],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,49004,5769],{"class":3245},[44,49006,7473],{"class":54},[44,49008,48973],{"class":99},[44,49010,103],{"class":58},[44,49012,40616],{"class":89},[44,49014,66],{"class":58},[44,49016,44635],{"class":121},[44,49018,7716],{"class":58},[44,49020,49021,49023,49025,49028],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,49022,48988],{"class":3245},[44,49024,247],{"class":235},[44,49026,49027],{"class":239},"count must be an integer",[44,49029,2727],{"class":235},[44,49031,49032],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,49033,49000],{"class":50},[44,49035,49036,49038,49041,49043],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,49037,34214],{"class":3245},[44,49039,49040],{"class":50}," text ",[44,49042,39228],{"class":54},[44,49044,49045],{"class":50}," count\n",[44,49047,49048],{"class":46,"line":5802},[44,49049,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,49051,49052,49054,49056,49059,49061,49063,49066,49068,49070,49072],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,49053,100],{"class":99},[44,49055,103],{"class":58},[44,49057,49058],{"class":89},"repeat_text",[44,49060,103],{"class":58},[44,49062,236],{"class":235},[44,49064,49065],{"class":239},"Hi ",[44,49067,236],{"class":235},[44,49069,66],{"class":58},[44,49071,74],{"class":62},[44,49073,993],{"class":58},[44,49075,49076,49078,49080,49082,49084,49086,49088,49090,49092,49094,49096,49098],{"class":46,"line":10956},[44,49077,100],{"class":99},[44,49079,103],{"class":58},[44,49081,49058],{"class":89},[44,49083,103],{"class":58},[44,49085,236],{"class":235},[44,49087,49065],{"class":239},[44,49089,236],{"class":235},[44,49091,66],{"class":58},[44,49093,247],{"class":235},[44,49095,1432],{"class":239},[44,49097,236],{"class":235},[44,49099,993],{"class":58},[20,49101,111],{},[35,49103,49105],{"className":37,"code":49104,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49106,49107,49112],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49108,49109],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49110,49111],{"class":50},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[44,49113,49114],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,49115,49116],{"class":50},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49118,49119],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[347,49121,49123],{"id":49122},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[35,49125,49127],{"className":37,"code":49126,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49128,49129,49161,49165,49181,49196,49213],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49130,49131,49133,49135,49137,49139,49141,49143,49145,49147,49149,49151,49153,49155,49157,49159],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49132,1817],{"class":50},[44,49134,55],{"class":54},[44,49136,2993],{"class":58},[44,49138,236],{"class":235},[44,49140,167],{"class":239},[44,49142,236],{"class":235},[44,49144,66],{"class":58},[44,49146,247],{"class":235},[44,49148,1164],{"class":239},[44,49150,236],{"class":235},[44,49152,66],{"class":58},[44,49154,247],{"class":235},[44,49156,9109],{"class":239},[44,49158,236],{"class":235},[44,49160,3006],{"class":58},[44,49162,49163],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,49164,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,49166,49167,49169,49171,49173,49175,49177,49179],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,49168,6369],{"class":3245},[44,49170,48973],{"class":99},[44,49172,103],{"class":58},[44,49174,1843],{"class":89},[44,49176,66],{"class":58},[44,49178,48264],{"class":121},[44,49180,7716],{"class":58},[44,49182,49183,49185,49187,49189,49192,49194],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,49184,7442],{"class":99},[44,49186,103],{"class":58},[44,49188,236],{"class":235},[44,49190,49191],{"class":239},"This is text",[44,49193,236],{"class":235},[44,49195,108],{"class":58},[44,49197,49198,49201,49203,49205,49207,49209,49211],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,49199,49200],{"class":3245},"elif",[44,49202,48973],{"class":99},[44,49204,103],{"class":58},[44,49206,1843],{"class":89},[44,49208,66],{"class":58},[44,49210,21907],{"class":121},[44,49212,7716],{"class":58},[44,49214,49215,49217,49219,49221,49224,49226],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,49216,7442],{"class":99},[44,49218,103],{"class":58},[44,49220,236],{"class":235},[44,49222,49223],{"class":239},"This is a list",[44,49225,236],{"class":235},[44,49227,108],{"class":58},[20,49229,111],{},[35,49231,49233],{"className":37,"code":49232,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This is a list\n",[15,49234,49235],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49236,49237,49240,49242,49244],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49238,49239],{"class":50},"This ",[44,49241,11552],{"class":54},[44,49243,43903],{"class":50},[44,49245,49246],{"class":121},"list\n",[347,49248,49250],{"id":49249},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[35,49252,49254],{"className":37,"code":49253,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49255,49256,49268,49272,49288,49302],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49257,49258,49260,49262,49264,49266],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49259,1817],{"class":50},[44,49261,55],{"class":54},[44,49263,247],{"class":235},[44,49265,45885],{"class":239},[44,49267,2727],{"class":235},[44,49269,49270],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,49271,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,49273,49274,49276,49278,49280,49282,49284,49286],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,49275,6369],{"class":3245},[44,49277,48973],{"class":99},[44,49279,103],{"class":58},[44,49281,1843],{"class":89},[44,49283,66],{"class":58},[44,49285,48264],{"class":121},[44,49287,7716],{"class":58},[44,49289,49290,49292,49294,49296,49298,49300],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,49291,41247],{"class":50},[44,49293,55],{"class":54},[44,49295,44635],{"class":121},[44,49297,103],{"class":58},[44,49299,1843],{"class":89},[44,49301,108],{"class":58},[44,49303,49304,49306,49308,49310],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,49305,7442],{"class":99},[44,49307,103],{"class":58},[44,49309,1610],{"class":89},[44,49311,108],{"class":58},[20,49313,111],{},[35,49315,49316],{"className":37,"code":45971,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49317,49318],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49319,49320],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49321,45971],{"class":62},[20,49323,49324],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[347,49326,49328],{"id":49327},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[35,49330,49332],{"className":37,"code":49331,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49333,49334,49358,49362,49378],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49335,49336,49338,49340,49342,49344,49346,49348,49350,49352,49354,49356],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49337,1817],{"class":50},[44,49339,55],{"class":54},[44,49341,59],{"class":58},[44,49343,236],{"class":235},[44,49345,7041],{"class":239},[44,49347,236],{"class":235},[44,49349,2255],{"class":58},[44,49351,247],{"class":235},[44,49353,12237],{"class":239},[44,49355,236],{"class":235},[44,49357,77],{"class":58},[44,49359,49360],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,49361,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,49363,49364,49366,49368,49370,49372,49374,49376],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,49365,6369],{"class":3245},[44,49367,48973],{"class":99},[44,49369,103],{"class":58},[44,49371,1843],{"class":89},[44,49373,66],{"class":58},[44,49375,8541],{"class":121},[44,49377,7716],{"class":58},[44,49379,49380,49382,49384,49386,49388,49390,49392,49394],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,49381,7442],{"class":99},[44,49383,103],{"class":58},[44,49385,1843],{"class":89},[44,49387,3270],{"class":58},[44,49389,236],{"class":235},[44,49391,7041],{"class":239},[44,49393,236],{"class":235},[44,49395,3258],{"class":58},[20,49397,111],{},[35,49399,49401],{"className":37,"code":49400,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana\n",[15,49402,49403],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49404,49405],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49406,49400],{"class":50},[20,49408,49409,49410,49412],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49411,2376],{}," messages later.",[131,49414,784],{"id":783},[347,49416,49418,49419,10459,49422],{"id":49417},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49420,49421],{},"\"int\"",[15,49423,1558],{},[20,49425,798],{},[35,49427,49429],{"className":37,"code":49428,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,49430,49431,49439],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49432,49433,49435,49437],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49434,1817],{"class":50},[44,49436,55],{"class":54},[44,49438,1956],{"class":62},[44,49440,49441,49443,49445,49447,49449,49451,49453,49455,49457,49459],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,49442,100],{"class":99},[44,49444,103],{"class":58},[44,49446,48235],{"class":99},[44,49448,103],{"class":58},[44,49450,1843],{"class":89},[44,49452,66],{"class":58},[44,49454,247],{"class":235},[44,49456,1558],{"class":239},[44,49458,236],{"class":235},[44,49460,993],{"class":58},[20,49462,49463,49465],{},[15,49464,49421],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,49467,862],{},[35,49469,49470],{"className":37,"code":48879,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49471,49472,49480],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49473,49474,49476,49478],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49475,1817],{"class":50},[44,49477,55],{"class":54},[44,49479,1956],{"class":62},[44,49481,49482,49484,49486,49488,49490,49492,49494,49496],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,49483,100],{"class":99},[44,49485,103],{"class":58},[44,49487,48235],{"class":99},[44,49489,103],{"class":58},[44,49491,1843],{"class":89},[44,49493,66],{"class":58},[44,49495,44635],{"class":121},[44,49497,993],{"class":58},[347,49499,49501],{"id":49500},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,49503,798],{},[35,49505,49507],{"className":37,"code":49506,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,49508,49509,49517],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49510,49511,49513,49515],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49512,1817],{"class":50},[44,49514,55],{"class":54},[44,49516,34194],{"class":62},[44,49518,49519,49521,49523,49525,49527,49529,49531,49533,49535,49537,49539],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,49520,100],{"class":99},[44,49522,103],{"class":58},[44,49524,48235],{"class":99},[44,49526,103],{"class":58},[44,49528,1843],{"class":89},[44,49530,66],{"class":58},[44,49532,2993],{"class":58},[44,49534,1558],{"class":121},[44,49536,66],{"class":58},[44,49538,39611],{"class":121},[44,49540,2370],{"class":58},[20,49542,49543],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,49545,862],{},[35,49547,49549],{"className":37,"code":49548,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49550,49551,49559],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49552,49553,49555,49557],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49554,1817],{"class":50},[44,49556,55],{"class":54},[44,49558,34194],{"class":62},[44,49560,49561,49563,49565,49567,49569,49571,49573,49575,49577,49579,49581],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,49562,100],{"class":99},[44,49564,103],{"class":58},[44,49566,48235],{"class":99},[44,49568,103],{"class":58},[44,49570,1843],{"class":89},[44,49572,66],{"class":58},[44,49574,8607],{"class":58},[44,49576,1558],{"class":121},[44,49578,66],{"class":58},[44,49580,39611],{"class":121},[44,49582,2283],{"class":58},[347,49584,25122,49586,49588],{"id":49585},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,49587,44164],{}," converts a value",[20,49590,18261],{},[35,49592,49594],{"className":37,"code":49593,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,49595,49596,49609,49627,49631],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49597,49598,49600,49602,49604,49607],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49599,1817],{"class":50},[44,49601,55],{"class":54},[44,49603,247],{"class":235},[44,49605,49606],{"class":239},"123",[44,49608,2727],{"class":235},[44,49610,49611,49613,49615,49617,49619,49621,49623,49625],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,49612,644],{"class":50},[44,49614,55],{"class":54},[44,49616,48973],{"class":99},[44,49618,103],{"class":58},[44,49620,1843],{"class":89},[44,49622,66],{"class":58},[44,49624,44635],{"class":121},[44,49626,108],{"class":58},[44,49628,49629],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,49630,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,49632,49633,49635,49637,49639],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,49634,100],{"class":99},[44,49636,103],{"class":58},[44,49638,668],{"class":89},[44,49640,108],{"class":58},[20,49642,111],{},[35,49644,49645],{"className":37,"code":3411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49646,49647],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49648,49649],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49650,3411],{"class":692},[20,49652,49653,49654,49657,49658,49660],{},"This does not convert ",[15,49655,49656],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,49659,49606],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,49662,49663,49664,6002],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,49665,49666],{},"int(value)",[347,49668,49670],{"id":49669},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,49672,49673,49675],{},[15,49674,44164],{}," does not modify anything.",[35,49677,49679],{"className":37,"code":49678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,49680,49681,49693,49697,49715],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49682,49683,49685,49687,49689,49691],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49684,1817],{"class":50},[44,49686,55],{"class":54},[44,49688,247],{"class":235},[44,49690,12912],{"class":239},[44,49692,2727],{"class":235},[44,49694,49695],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,49696,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,49698,49699,49701,49703,49705,49707,49709,49711,49713],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,49700,100],{"class":99},[44,49702,103],{"class":58},[44,49704,48235],{"class":99},[44,49706,103],{"class":58},[44,49708,1843],{"class":89},[44,49710,66],{"class":58},[44,49712,48264],{"class":121},[44,49714,993],{"class":58},[44,49716,49717,49719,49721,49723],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,49718,100],{"class":99},[44,49720,103],{"class":58},[44,49722,1843],{"class":89},[44,49724,108],{"class":58},[20,49726,111],{},[35,49728,49730],{"className":37,"code":49729,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\n100\n",[15,49731,49732,49736],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49733,49734],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49735,3350],{"class":692},[44,49737,49738],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,49739,46622],{"class":62},[20,49741,49742],{},"The value stays the same.",[131,49744,25290],{"id":25289},[20,49746,49747],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[35,49749,49751],{"className":37,"code":49750,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,49752,49753,49767,49785,49809],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49754,49755,49757,49759,49761,49763,49765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49756,100],{"class":99},[44,49758,103],{"class":58},[44,49760,985],{"class":121},[44,49762,103],{"class":58},[44,49764,1843],{"class":89},[44,49766,993],{"class":58},[44,49768,49769,49771,49773,49775,49777,49779,49781,49783],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,49770,100],{"class":99},[44,49772,103],{"class":58},[44,49774,48235],{"class":99},[44,49776,103],{"class":58},[44,49778,1843],{"class":89},[44,49780,66],{"class":58},[44,49782,44635],{"class":121},[44,49784,993],{"class":58},[44,49786,49787,49789,49791,49793,49795,49797,49799,49801,49803,49805,49807],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,49788,100],{"class":99},[44,49790,103],{"class":58},[44,49792,48235],{"class":99},[44,49794,103],{"class":58},[44,49796,1843],{"class":89},[44,49798,66],{"class":58},[44,49800,8607],{"class":58},[44,49802,1558],{"class":121},[44,49804,66],{"class":58},[44,49806,39611],{"class":121},[44,49808,2283],{"class":58},[44,49810,49811,49813,49815,49817,49819,49821],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,49812,100],{"class":99},[44,49814,103],{"class":58},[44,49816,41136],{"class":99},[44,49818,103],{"class":58},[44,49820,1843],{"class":89},[44,49822,993],{"class":58},[20,49824,49825],{},"These can help when:",[145,49827,49828,49831,49836,49839],{},[148,49829,49830],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[148,49832,49833,49834],{},"you are getting a ",[15,49835,2376],{},[148,49837,49838],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[148,49840,49841,49842,49844],{},"the second argument to ",[15,49843,44164],{}," is invalid",[20,49846,49847],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[145,49849,49850,49864,49870,49875],{},[148,49851,49852,49853,945,49856,49859,49860,945,49862],{},"using ",[15,49854,49855],{},"'int'",[15,49857,49858],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,49861,1558],{},[15,49863,2812],{},[148,49865,49866,49867,49869],{},"expecting ",[15,49868,44164],{}," to convert a value",[148,49871,49852,49872,49874],{},[15,49873,1672],{}," when inherited types should also match",[148,49876,49877],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,49879,49880,49881,86],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[167,49882,49884,49885],{"href":49883},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,49886,49887],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[131,49889,1196],{"id":1195},[347,49891,1200,49893,1203],{"id":49892},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,49894,44164],{},[20,49896,608,49897,49899,49900,86],{},[15,49898,2974],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,49901,3046],{},[347,49903,4538,49905,49907],{"id":49904},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,49906,44164],{}," check more than one type?",[20,49909,49910,49911,86],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,49912,49913],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[347,49915,1234,49917,342,49919,1239],{"id":49916},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,49918,44164],{},[15,49920,1672],{},[20,49922,49923,49925,49926,49928],{},[15,49924,1672],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,49927,44164],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[347,49930,1212,49932,49934],{"id":49931},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,49933,44164],{}," convert a value?",[20,49936,49937],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[131,49939,1251],{"id":1250},[145,49941,49942,49948,49952,49957,49962],{},[148,49943,49944],{},[167,49945,2945,49946,2878],{"href":1669},[15,49947,1672],{},[148,49949,49950],{},[167,49951,44156],{"href":48338},[148,49953,49954],{},[167,49955,49956],{"href":2333},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[148,49958,49959],{},[167,49960,49961],{"href":48341},"What is a data type in Python?",[148,49963,49964],{},[167,49965,49884,49966],{"href":49883},[15,49967,49887],{},[1294,49969,49970],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":49972},[49973,49974,49976,49979,49983,49984,49989,49995,50003,50004,50014],{"id":2978,"depth":80,"text":2979},{"id":48277,"depth":80,"text":49975},"What isinstance() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175,"children":49977},[49978],{"id":48369,"depth":96,"text":48370},{"id":214,"depth":80,"text":215,"children":49980},[49981,49982],{"id":48457,"depth":96,"text":48458},{"id":48528,"depth":96,"text":48529},{"id":48615,"depth":80,"text":48616},{"id":48812,"depth":80,"text":49985,"children":49986},"isinstance() vs type()",[49987,49988],{"id":48828,"depth":96,"text":48831},{"id":48870,"depth":96,"text":48873},{"id":48931,"depth":80,"text":48932,"children":49990},[49991,49992,49993,49994],{"id":48940,"depth":96,"text":48941},{"id":49122,"depth":96,"text":49123},{"id":49249,"depth":96,"text":49250},{"id":49327,"depth":96,"text":49328},{"id":783,"depth":80,"text":784,"children":49996},[49997,49999,50000,50002],{"id":49417,"depth":96,"text":49998},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":49500,"depth":96,"text":49501},{"id":49585,"depth":96,"text":50001},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":49669,"depth":96,"text":49670},{"id":25289,"depth":80,"text":25290},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":50005},[50006,50008,50010,50012],{"id":49892,"depth":96,"text":50007},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":49904,"depth":96,"text":50009},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":49916,"depth":96,"text":50011},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":49931,"depth":96,"text":50013},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48178,"description":50015},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50021,"title":50022,"body":50023,"description":51996,"extension":1331,"meta":51997,"navigation":268,"path":51998,"seo":51999,"stem":52000,"__hash__":52001},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50024,"toc":51971},[50025,50028,50033,50038,50052,50055,50057,50132,50137,50141,50146,50149,50163,50165,50331,50344,50346,50348,50363,50366,50369,50382,50384,50482,50486,50492,50495,50504,50506,50541,50546,50567,50572,50577,50609,50612,50669,50673,50679,50682,50735,50737,50777,50780,50848,50851,50902,50909,50913,50919,51004,51010,51016,51065,51068,51071,51121,51123,51128,51132,51182,51186,51233,51237,51314,51318,51383,51386,51390,51395,51400,51412,51414,51433,51439,51442,51461,51466,51493,51500,51504,51510,51513,51608,51611,51614,51663,51668,51670,51674,51709,51712,51769,51779,51782,51816,51819,51821,51825,51828,51832,51835,51839,51842,51846,51859,51863,51868,51870,51920,51932,51934,51968],[10,50026,50022],{"id":50027},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50029,8493,50030,50032],{},[15,50031,41718],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50034,34758,50035,50037],{},[15,50036,41718],{}," to count:",[145,50039,50040,50043,50046,50049],{},[148,50041,50042],{},"characters in a string",[148,50044,50045],{},"items in a list or tuple",[148,50047,50048],{},"keys in a dictionary",[148,50050,50051],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50053,50054],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[131,50056,1372],{"id":1371},[35,50058,50060],{"className":37,"code":50059,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50061,50062,50074,50094,50098,50115],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50063,50064,50066,50068,50070,50072],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50065,34039],{"class":50},[44,50067,55],{"class":54},[44,50069,247],{"class":235},[44,50071,3214],{"class":239},[44,50073,2727],{"class":235},[44,50075,50076,50078,50080,50082,50084,50086,50088,50090,50092],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,50077,362],{"class":50},[44,50079,55],{"class":54},[44,50081,2993],{"class":58},[44,50083,1701],{"class":62},[44,50085,66],{"class":58},[44,50087,7163],{"class":62},[44,50089,66],{"class":58},[44,50091,7168],{"class":62},[44,50093,3006],{"class":58},[44,50095,50096],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,50097,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,50099,50100,50102,50104,50106,50108,50110,50112],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,50101,100],{"class":99},[44,50103,103],{"class":58},[44,50105,10529],{"class":99},[44,50107,103],{"class":58},[44,50109,34060],{"class":89},[44,50111,4730],{"class":58},[44,50113,50114],{"class":3035},"   # 5\n",[44,50116,50117,50119,50121,50123,50125,50127,50129],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,50118,100],{"class":99},[44,50120,103],{"class":58},[44,50122,10529],{"class":99},[44,50124,103],{"class":58},[44,50126,397],{"class":89},[44,50128,4730],{"class":58},[44,50130,50131],{"class":3035},"  # 3\n",[20,50133,1462,50134,50136],{},[15,50135,41718],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[131,50138,50140],{"id":50139},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50142,50143,50145],{},[15,50144,41718],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50147,50148],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[145,50150,50151,50154,50157,50160],{},[148,50152,50153],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[148,50155,50156],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[148,50158,50159],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[148,50161,50162],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50164,1578],{},[35,50166,50168],{"className":37,"code":50167,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50169,50170,50182,50207,50239,50259,50263,50280,50297,50314],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50171,50172,50174,50176,50178,50180],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50173,7249],{"class":50},[44,50175,55],{"class":54},[44,50177,247],{"class":235},[44,50179,7050],{"class":239},[44,50181,2727],{"class":235},[44,50183,50184,50186,50188,50190,50192,50194,50196,50198,50200,50202,50205],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,50185,51],{"class":50},[44,50187,55],{"class":54},[44,50189,2993],{"class":58},[44,50191,1701],{"class":62},[44,50193,66],{"class":58},[44,50195,7163],{"class":62},[44,50197,66],{"class":58},[44,50199,7168],{"class":62},[44,50201,66],{"class":58},[44,50203,50204],{"class":62}," 40",[44,50206,3006],{"class":58},[44,50208,50209,50211,50213,50215,50217,50219,50221,50223,50225,50227,50229,50231,50233,50235,50237],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,50210,8536],{"class":50},[44,50212,55],{"class":54},[44,50214,59],{"class":58},[44,50216,236],{"class":235},[44,50218,167],{"class":239},[44,50220,236],{"class":235},[44,50222,2255],{"class":58},[44,50224,4867],{"class":62},[44,50226,66],{"class":58},[44,50228,247],{"class":235},[44,50230,1164],{"class":239},[44,50232,236],{"class":235},[44,50234,2255],{"class":58},[44,50236,69],{"class":62},[44,50238,77],{"class":58},[44,50240,50241,50243,50245,50247,50249,50251,50253,50255,50257],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,50242,3191],{"class":50},[44,50244,55],{"class":54},[44,50246,59],{"class":58},[44,50248,1507],{"class":62},[44,50250,66],{"class":58},[44,50252,36998],{"class":62},[44,50254,66],{"class":58},[44,50256,5364],{"class":62},[44,50258,77],{"class":58},[44,50260,50261],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,50262,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,50264,50265,50267,50269,50271,50273,50275,50277],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,50266,100],{"class":99},[44,50268,103],{"class":58},[44,50270,10529],{"class":99},[44,50272,103],{"class":58},[44,50274,7041],{"class":89},[44,50276,4730],{"class":58},[44,50278,50279],{"class":3035},"     # 3\n",[44,50281,50282,50284,50286,50288,50290,50292,50294],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,50283,100],{"class":99},[44,50285,103],{"class":58},[44,50287,10529],{"class":99},[44,50289,103],{"class":58},[44,50291,83],{"class":89},[44,50293,4730],{"class":58},[44,50295,50296],{"class":3035},"  # 4\n",[44,50298,50299,50301,50303,50305,50307,50309,50311],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,50300,100],{"class":99},[44,50302,103],{"class":58},[44,50304,10529],{"class":99},[44,50306,103],{"class":58},[44,50308,8575],{"class":89},[44,50310,4730],{"class":58},[44,50312,50313],{"class":3035},"     # 2\n",[44,50315,50316,50318,50320,50322,50324,50326,50328],{"class":46,"line":5802},[44,50317,100],{"class":99},[44,50319,103],{"class":58},[44,50321,10529],{"class":99},[44,50323,103],{"class":58},[44,50325,4727],{"class":89},[44,50327,4730],{"class":58},[44,50329,50330],{"class":3035},"   # 3\n",[20,50332,50333,50334,1559,50338,16422,50342,86],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[167,50335,50337],{"href":50336},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[167,50339,50341],{"href":50340},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[167,50343,8526],{"href":8525},[131,50345,175],{"id":174},[20,50347,1530],{},[35,50349,50351],{"className":37,"code":50350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"len(object)\n",[15,50352,50353],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50354,50355,50357,50359,50361],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50356,10529],{"class":99},[44,50358,103],{"class":58},[44,50360,41756],{"class":121},[44,50362,108],{"class":58},[20,50364,50365],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50367,50368],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[145,50370,50371,50373,50375,50377,50379],{},[148,50372,37262],{},[148,50374,37256],{},[148,50376,37259],{},[148,50378,37265],{},[148,50380,50381],{},"a dictionary",[20,50383,1578],{},[35,50385,50387],{"className":37,"code":50386,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50388,50389,50410,50434,50456],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50390,50391,50393,50395,50397,50399,50401,50403,50405,50407],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50392,100],{"class":99},[44,50394,103],{"class":58},[44,50396,10529],{"class":99},[44,50398,103],{"class":58},[44,50400,236],{"class":235},[44,50402,39],{"class":239},[44,50404,236],{"class":235},[44,50406,4730],{"class":58},[44,50408,50409],{"class":3035},"      # 6\n",[44,50411,50412,50414,50416,50418,50420,50422,50424,50426,50428,50430,50432],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,50413,100],{"class":99},[44,50415,103],{"class":58},[44,50417,10529],{"class":99},[44,50419,2357],{"class":58},[44,50421,63],{"class":62},[44,50423,66],{"class":58},[44,50425,69],{"class":62},[44,50427,66],{"class":58},[44,50429,74],{"class":62},[44,50431,4105],{"class":58},[44,50433,50279],{"class":3035},[44,50435,50436,50438,50440,50442,50444,50446,50448,50450,50453],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,50437,100],{"class":99},[44,50439,103],{"class":58},[44,50441,10529],{"class":99},[44,50443,4880],{"class":58},[44,50445,1701],{"class":62},[44,50447,66],{"class":58},[44,50449,7163],{"class":62},[44,50451,50452],{"class":58},")))",[44,50454,50455],{"class":3035},"      # 2\n",[44,50457,50458,50460,50462,50464,50466,50468,50470,50472,50474,50476,50479],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,50459,100],{"class":99},[44,50461,103],{"class":58},[44,50463,10529],{"class":99},[44,50465,4899],{"class":58},[44,50467,236],{"class":235},[44,50469,1104],{"class":239},[44,50471,236],{"class":235},[44,50473,2255],{"class":58},[44,50475,4867],{"class":62},[44,50477,50478],{"class":58},"}))",[44,50480,50481],{"class":3035},"      # 1\n",[131,50483,50485],{"id":50484},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,50487,50488,50489,50491],{},"When you use ",[15,50490,41718],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,50493,50494],{},"That includes:",[145,50496,50497,50499,50501],{},[148,50498,35497],{},[148,50500,9820],{},[148,50502,50503],{},"punctuation",[20,50505,1578],{},[35,50507,50509],{"className":37,"code":50508,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,50510,50511,50524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50512,50513,50515,50517,50519,50522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50514,34039],{"class":50},[44,50516,55],{"class":54},[44,50518,247],{"class":235},[44,50520,50521],{"class":239},"Hi there!",[44,50523,2727],{"class":235},[44,50525,50526,50528,50530,50532,50534,50536,50538],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,50527,100],{"class":99},[44,50529,103],{"class":58},[44,50531,10529],{"class":99},[44,50533,103],{"class":58},[44,50535,34060],{"class":89},[44,50537,4730],{"class":58},[44,50539,50540],{"class":3035},"  # 9\n",[20,50542,50543,50544,1239],{},"Why is the result ",[15,50545,1515],{},[145,50547,50548,50554,50558,50561],{},[148,50549,50550,50553],{},[15,50551,50552],{},"H"," = 1",[148,50555,50556,50553],{},[15,50557,35508],{},[148,50559,50560],{},"space = 1",[148,50562,50563,50566],{},[15,50564,50565],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,50568,50569,50570],{},"Total: ",[15,50571,1515],{},[20,50573,50574,50575,2255],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,50576,1490],{},[35,50578,50580],{"className":37,"code":50579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,50581,50582,50591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50583,50584,50587,50589],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50585,50586],{"class":50},"empty_text ",[44,50588,55],{"class":54},[44,50590,7254],{"class":235},[44,50592,50593,50595,50597,50599,50601,50604,50606],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,50594,100],{"class":99},[44,50596,103],{"class":58},[44,50598,10529],{"class":99},[44,50600,103],{"class":58},[44,50602,50603],{"class":89},"empty_text",[44,50605,4730],{"class":58},[44,50607,50608],{"class":3035},"  # 0\n",[20,50610,50611],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[35,50613,50615],{"className":37,"code":50614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,50616,50617,50630,50634,50654],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50618,50619,50622,50624,50626,50628],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50620,50621],{"class":50},"user_name ",[44,50623,55],{"class":54},[44,50625,247],{"class":235},[44,50627,4374],{"class":239},[44,50629,2727],{"class":235},[44,50631,50632],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,50633,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,50635,50636,50638,50640,50642,50645,50647,50650,50652],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,50637,6369],{"class":3245},[44,50639,37741],{"class":99},[44,50641,103],{"class":58},[44,50643,50644],{"class":89},"user_name",[44,50646,3032],{"class":58},[44,50648,50649],{"class":54}," >=",[44,50651,74],{"class":62},[44,50653,5764],{"class":58},[44,50655,50656,50658,50660,50662,50665,50667],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,50657,7442],{"class":99},[44,50659,103],{"class":58},[44,50661,236],{"class":235},[44,50663,50664],{"class":239},"Name is long enough",[44,50666,236],{"class":235},[44,50668,108],{"class":58},[131,50670,50672],{"id":50671},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,50674,50675,50676,50678],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,50677,41718],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,50680,50681],{},"Example with a list:",[35,50683,50685],{"className":37,"code":50684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,50686,50687,50719],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50688,50689,50691,50693,50695,50697,50699,50701,50703,50705,50707,50709,50711,50713,50715,50717],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50690,228],{"class":50},[44,50692,55],{"class":54},[44,50694,2993],{"class":58},[44,50696,236],{"class":235},[44,50698,240],{"class":239},[44,50700,236],{"class":235},[44,50702,66],{"class":58},[44,50704,247],{"class":235},[44,50706,250],{"class":239},[44,50708,236],{"class":235},[44,50710,66],{"class":58},[44,50712,247],{"class":235},[44,50714,259],{"class":239},[44,50716,236],{"class":235},[44,50718,3006],{"class":58},[44,50720,50721,50723,50725,50727,50729,50731,50733],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,50722,100],{"class":99},[44,50724,103],{"class":58},[44,50726,10529],{"class":99},[44,50728,103],{"class":58},[44,50730,274],{"class":89},[44,50732,4730],{"class":58},[44,50734,50131],{"class":3035},[20,50736,37271],{},[35,50738,50740],{"className":37,"code":50739,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,50741,50742,50759],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50743,50744,50747,50749,50751,50753,50755,50757],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50745,50746],{"class":50},"point ",[44,50748,55],{"class":54},[44,50750,8607],{"class":58},[44,50752,1701],{"class":62},[44,50754,66],{"class":58},[44,50756,7163],{"class":62},[44,50758,108],{"class":58},[44,50760,50761,50763,50765,50767,50769,50772,50774],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,50762,100],{"class":99},[44,50764,103],{"class":58},[44,50766,10529],{"class":99},[44,50768,103],{"class":58},[44,50770,50771],{"class":89},"point",[44,50773,4730],{"class":58},[44,50775,50776],{"class":3035},"  # 2\n",[20,50778,50779],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[35,50781,50783],{"className":37,"code":50782,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,50784,50785,50809,50813,50831],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50786,50787,50789,50791,50793,50795,50797,50799,50801,50803,50805,50807],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50788,362],{"class":50},[44,50790,55],{"class":54},[44,50792,2993],{"class":58},[44,50794,236],{"class":235},[44,50796,3450],{"class":239},[44,50798,236],{"class":235},[44,50800,66],{"class":58},[44,50802,247],{"class":235},[44,50804,3459],{"class":239},[44,50806,236],{"class":235},[44,50808,3006],{"class":58},[44,50810,50811],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,50812,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,50814,50815,50817,50819,50821,50823,50825,50827,50829],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,50816,6369],{"class":3245},[44,50818,37741],{"class":99},[44,50820,103],{"class":58},[44,50822,397],{"class":89},[44,50824,3032],{"class":58},[44,50826,37751],{"class":54},[44,50828,4867],{"class":62},[44,50830,5764],{"class":58},[44,50832,50833,50835,50837,50839,50841,50843,50845],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,50834,7442],{"class":99},[44,50836,103],{"class":58},[44,50838,397],{"class":89},[44,50840,3270],{"class":58},[44,50842,63],{"class":62},[44,50844,19794],{"class":58},[44,50846,50847],{"class":3035},"  # banana\n",[20,50849,50850],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[35,50852,50854],{"className":37,"code":50853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,50855,50856,50879],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50857,50858,50860,50862,50864,50867,50869,50872,50874,50877],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50859,4434],{"class":50},[44,50861,55],{"class":54},[44,50863,2993],{"class":58},[44,50865,50866],{"class":62},"88",[44,50868,66],{"class":58},[44,50870,50871],{"class":62}," 91",[44,50873,66],{"class":58},[44,50875,50876],{"class":62}," 75",[44,50878,3006],{"class":58},[44,50880,50881,50883,50885,50887,50890,50892,50894,50896,50898,50900],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,50882,100],{"class":99},[44,50884,103],{"class":58},[44,50886,236],{"class":235},[44,50888,50889],{"class":239},"Number of scores:",[44,50891,236],{"class":235},[44,50893,66],{"class":58},[44,50895,37741],{"class":99},[44,50897,103],{"class":58},[44,50899,15740],{"class":89},[44,50901,993],{"class":58},[20,50903,50904,50905,86],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[167,50906,50908],{"href":50907},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[131,50910,50912],{"id":50911},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,50914,50915,50916,50918],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,50917,41718],{}," counts keys.",[35,50920,50922],{"className":37,"code":50921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,50923,50924,50932,50950,50964,50980,50984,50988],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50925,50926,50928,50930],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50927,12220],{"class":50},[44,50929,55],{"class":54},[44,50931,10854],{"class":58},[44,50933,50934,50936,50938,50940,50942,50944,50946,50948],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,50935,10859],{"class":235},[44,50937,7041],{"class":239},[44,50939,236],{"class":235},[44,50941,2255],{"class":58},[44,50943,247],{"class":235},[44,50945,7294],{"class":239},[44,50947,236],{"class":235},[44,50949,10875],{"class":58},[44,50951,50952,50954,50956,50958,50960,50962],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,50953,10859],{"class":235},[44,50955,8669],{"class":239},[44,50957,236],{"class":235},[44,50959,2255],{"class":58},[44,50961,30292],{"class":62},[44,50963,10875],{"class":58},[44,50965,50966,50968,50970,50972,50974,50976,50978],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,50967,10859],{"class":235},[44,50969,19239],{"class":239},[44,50971,236],{"class":235},[44,50973,2255],{"class":58},[44,50975,247],{"class":235},[44,50977,21592],{"class":239},[44,50979,2727],{"class":235},[44,50981,50982],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,50983,77],{"class":58},[44,50985,50986],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,50987,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,50989,50990,50992,50994,50996,50998,51000,51002],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,50991,100],{"class":99},[44,50993,103],{"class":58},[44,50995,10529],{"class":99},[44,50997,103],{"class":58},[44,50999,12980],{"class":89},[44,51001,4730],{"class":58},[44,51003,50131],{"class":3035},[20,51005,51006,51007,51009],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51008,41718],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51011,51012,51013,51015],{},"For sets, ",[15,51014,41718],{}," counts unique items:",[35,51017,51019],{"className":37,"code":51018,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51020,51021,51049],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51022,51023,51025,51027,51029,51031,51033,51035,51037,51039,51041,51043,51045,51047],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51024,51],{"class":50},[44,51026,55],{"class":54},[44,51028,59],{"class":58},[44,51030,63],{"class":62},[44,51032,66],{"class":58},[44,51034,69],{"class":62},[44,51036,66],{"class":58},[44,51038,74],{"class":62},[44,51040,66],{"class":58},[44,51042,74],{"class":62},[44,51044,66],{"class":58},[44,51046,69],{"class":62},[44,51048,77],{"class":58},[44,51050,51051,51053,51055,51057,51059,51061,51063],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,51052,100],{"class":99},[44,51054,103],{"class":58},[44,51056,10529],{"class":99},[44,51058,103],{"class":58},[44,51060,83],{"class":89},[44,51062,4730],{"class":58},[44,51064,50131],{"class":3035},[20,51066,51067],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51069,51070],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[35,51072,51074],{"className":37,"code":51073,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51075,51076,51084,51088,51106],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51077,51078,51080,51082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51079,8536],{"class":50},[44,51081,55],{"class":54},[44,51083,976],{"class":58},[44,51085,51086],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,51087,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,51089,51090,51092,51094,51096,51098,51100,51102,51104],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,51091,6369],{"class":3245},[44,51093,37741],{"class":99},[44,51095,103],{"class":58},[44,51097,8575],{"class":89},[44,51099,3032],{"class":58},[44,51101,5779],{"class":54},[44,51103,3202],{"class":62},[44,51105,5764],{"class":58},[44,51107,51108,51110,51112,51114,51117,51119],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,51109,7442],{"class":99},[44,51111,103],{"class":58},[44,51113,236],{"class":235},[44,51115,51116],{"class":239},"The dictionary is empty",[44,51118,236],{"class":235},[44,51120,108],{"class":58},[131,51122,40402],{"id":40401},[20,51124,51125,51126,86],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51127,41718],{},[347,51129,51131],{"id":51130},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[35,51133,51135],{"className":37,"code":51134,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51136,51137,51145,51149,51167],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51138,51139,51141,51143],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51140,362],{"class":50},[44,51142,55],{"class":54},[44,51144,7211],{"class":58},[44,51146,51147],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,51148,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,51150,51151,51153,51155,51157,51159,51161,51163,51165],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,51152,6369],{"class":3245},[44,51154,37741],{"class":99},[44,51156,103],{"class":58},[44,51158,397],{"class":89},[44,51160,3032],{"class":58},[44,51162,5779],{"class":54},[44,51164,3202],{"class":62},[44,51166,5764],{"class":58},[44,51168,51169,51171,51173,51175,51178,51180],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,51170,7442],{"class":99},[44,51172,103],{"class":58},[44,51174,236],{"class":235},[44,51176,51177],{"class":239},"The list is empty",[44,51179,236],{"class":235},[44,51181,108],{"class":58},[347,51183,51185],{"id":51184},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[35,51187,51189],{"className":37,"code":51188,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51190,51191,51210],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51192,51193,51195,51197,51199,51201,51203,51206,51208],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51194,5525],{"class":50},[44,51196,55],{"class":54},[44,51198,7616],{"class":99},[44,51200,103],{"class":58},[44,51202,236],{"class":235},[44,51204,51205],{"class":239},"Enter a word: ",[44,51207,236],{"class":235},[44,51209,108],{"class":58},[44,51211,51212,51214,51216,51218,51221,51223,51225,51227,51229,51231],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,51213,100],{"class":99},[44,51215,103],{"class":58},[44,51217,236],{"class":235},[44,51219,51220],{"class":239},"Number of characters:",[44,51222,236],{"class":235},[44,51224,66],{"class":58},[44,51226,37741],{"class":99},[44,51228,103],{"class":58},[44,51230,37746],{"class":89},[44,51232,993],{"class":58},[347,51234,51236],{"id":51235},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[35,51238,51240],{"className":37,"code":51239,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51241,51242,51256,51260,51278,51293,51299],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51243,51244,51247,51249,51251,51254],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51245,51246],{"class":50},"password ",[44,51248,55],{"class":54},[44,51250,247],{"class":235},[44,51252,51253],{"class":239},"secret123",[44,51255,2727],{"class":235},[44,51257,51258],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,51259,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,51261,51262,51264,51266,51268,51270,51272,51274,51276],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,51263,6369],{"class":3245},[44,51265,37741],{"class":99},[44,51267,103],{"class":58},[44,51269,16968],{"class":89},[44,51271,3032],{"class":58},[44,51273,50649],{"class":54},[44,51275,5730],{"class":62},[44,51277,5764],{"class":58},[44,51279,51280,51282,51284,51286,51289,51291],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,51281,7442],{"class":99},[44,51283,103],{"class":58},[44,51285,236],{"class":235},[44,51287,51288],{"class":239},"Password length is valid",[44,51290,236],{"class":235},[44,51292,108],{"class":58},[44,51294,51295,51297],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,51296,26782],{"class":3245},[44,51298,5764],{"class":58},[44,51300,51301,51303,51305,51307,51310,51312],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,51302,7442],{"class":99},[44,51304,103],{"class":58},[44,51306,236],{"class":235},[44,51308,51309],{"class":239},"Password is too short",[44,51311,236],{"class":235},[44,51313,108],{"class":58},[347,51315,51317],{"id":51316},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[35,51319,51321],{"className":37,"code":51320,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51322,51323,51359],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51324,51325,51328,51330,51332,51334,51337,51339,51341,51343,51346,51348,51350,51352,51355,51357],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51326,51327],{"class":50},"results ",[44,51329,55],{"class":54},[44,51331,2993],{"class":58},[44,51333,236],{"class":235},[44,51335,51336],{"class":239},"item1",[44,51338,236],{"class":235},[44,51340,66],{"class":58},[44,51342,247],{"class":235},[44,51344,51345],{"class":239},"item2",[44,51347,236],{"class":235},[44,51349,66],{"class":58},[44,51351,247],{"class":235},[44,51353,51354],{"class":239},"item3",[44,51356,236],{"class":235},[44,51358,3006],{"class":58},[44,51360,51361,51363,51365,51367,51370,51372,51374,51376,51378,51381],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,51362,100],{"class":99},[44,51364,103],{"class":58},[44,51366,236],{"class":235},[44,51368,51369],{"class":239},"Items found:",[44,51371,236],{"class":235},[44,51373,66],{"class":58},[44,51375,37741],{"class":99},[44,51377,103],{"class":58},[44,51379,51380],{"class":89},"results",[44,51382,993],{"class":58},[20,51384,51385],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[131,51387,51389],{"id":51388},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51391,51392,51394],{},[15,51393,41718],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51396,51397,51398,2255],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51399,2376],{},[145,51401,51402,51405,51408],{},[148,51403,51404],{},"plain integers",[148,51406,51407],{},"floats",[148,51409,51410],{},[15,51411,159],{},[20,51413,1578],{},[35,51415,51417],{"className":37,"code":51416,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51418,51419],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51420,51421,51423,51425,51427,51429,51431],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51422,100],{"class":99},[44,51424,103],{"class":58},[44,51426,10529],{"class":99},[44,51428,103],{"class":58},[44,51430,1507],{"class":62},[44,51432,993],{"class":58},[20,51434,51435,51436,51438],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,51437,1507],{}," does not have a length.",[20,51440,51441],{},"Another example:",[35,51443,51445],{"className":37,"code":51444,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,51446,51447],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51448,51449,51451,51453,51455,51457,51459],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51450,100],{"class":99},[44,51452,103],{"class":58},[44,51454,10529],{"class":99},[44,51456,103],{"class":58},[44,51458,39499],{"class":62},[44,51460,993],{"class":58},[20,51462,51463,51464,2255],{},"And with ",[15,51465,159],{},[35,51467,51469],{"className":37,"code":51468,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,51470,51471,51479],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51472,51473,51475,51477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51474,1817],{"class":50},[44,51476,55],{"class":54},[44,51478,47887],{"class":692},[44,51480,51481,51483,51485,51487,51489,51491],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,51482,100],{"class":99},[44,51484,103],{"class":58},[44,51486,10529],{"class":99},[44,51488,103],{"class":58},[44,51490,1843],{"class":89},[44,51492,993],{"class":58},[20,51494,51495,51496,86],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[167,51497,51499],{"href":51498},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[131,51501,51503],{"id":51502},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,51505,51506,51507,51509],{},"Before using ",[15,51508,41718],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,51511,51512],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[35,51514,51516],{"className":37,"code":51515,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,51517,51518,51526,51530,51540,51554,51572,51590],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51519,51520,51522,51524],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51521,1817],{"class":50},[44,51523,55],{"class":54},[44,51525,47887],{"class":692},[44,51527,51528],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,51529,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,51531,51532,51534,51536,51538],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,51533,100],{"class":99},[44,51535,103],{"class":58},[44,51537,1843],{"class":89},[44,51539,108],{"class":58},[44,51541,51542,51544,51546,51548,51550,51552],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,51543,100],{"class":99},[44,51545,103],{"class":58},[44,51547,985],{"class":121},[44,51549,103],{"class":58},[44,51551,1843],{"class":89},[44,51553,993],{"class":58},[44,51555,51556,51558,51560,51562,51564,51566,51568,51570],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,51557,100],{"class":99},[44,51559,103],{"class":58},[44,51561,48235],{"class":99},[44,51563,103],{"class":58},[44,51565,1843],{"class":89},[44,51567,66],{"class":58},[44,51569,48264],{"class":121},[44,51571,993],{"class":58},[44,51573,51574,51576,51578,51580,51582,51584,51586,51588],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,51575,100],{"class":99},[44,51577,103],{"class":58},[44,51579,48235],{"class":99},[44,51581,103],{"class":58},[44,51583,1843],{"class":89},[44,51585,66],{"class":58},[44,51587,21907],{"class":121},[44,51589,993],{"class":58},[44,51591,51592,51594,51596,51598,51600,51602,51604,51606],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,51593,100],{"class":99},[44,51595,103],{"class":58},[44,51597,48235],{"class":99},[44,51599,103],{"class":58},[44,51601,1843],{"class":89},[44,51603,66],{"class":58},[44,51605,8541],{"class":121},[44,51607,993],{"class":58},[20,51609,51610],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,51612,51613],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[35,51615,51617],{"className":37,"code":51616,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,51618,51619,51631,51635,51649],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51620,51621,51623,51625,51627,51629],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51622,1817],{"class":50},[44,51624,55],{"class":54},[44,51626,247],{"class":235},[44,51628,3214],{"class":239},[44,51630,2727],{"class":235},[44,51632,51633],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,51634,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,51636,51637,51639,51641,51643,51645,51647],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,51638,6369],{"class":3245},[44,51640,20932],{"class":50},[44,51642,11552],{"class":54},[44,51644,7473],{"class":54},[44,51646,3221],{"class":692},[44,51648,5764],{"class":58},[44,51650,51651,51653,51655,51657,51659,51661],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,51652,7442],{"class":99},[44,51654,103],{"class":58},[44,51656,10529],{"class":99},[44,51658,103],{"class":58},[44,51660,1843],{"class":89},[44,51662,993],{"class":58},[20,51664,51665,51666,86],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[167,51667,7816],{"href":1669},[131,51669,2200],{"id":2199},[20,51671,22442,51672,2255],{},[15,51673,41718],{},[145,51675,51676,51684,51692,51700,51706],{},[148,51677,350,51678,51680,51681],{},[15,51679,41718],{}," on an integer like ",[15,51682,51683],{},"len(5)",[148,51685,350,51686,51688,51689],{},[15,51687,41718],{}," on a float like ",[15,51690,51691],{},"len(3.14)",[148,51693,350,51694,51696,51697,51699],{},[15,51695,41718],{}," on ",[15,51698,159],{}," after a function returns nothing",[148,51701,3949,51702,51705],{},[15,51703,51704],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[148,51707,51708],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,51710,51711],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[35,51713,51715],{"className":37,"code":51714,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,51716,51717,51753],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51718,51719,51721,51723,51725,51727,51729,51731,51733,51735,51737,51739,51741,51743,51745,51747,51749,51751],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51720,12558],{"class":50},[44,51722,55],{"class":54},[44,51724,59],{"class":58},[44,51726,236],{"class":235},[44,51728,7041],{"class":239},[44,51730,236],{"class":235},[44,51732,2255],{"class":58},[44,51734,247],{"class":235},[44,51736,12237],{"class":239},[44,51738,236],{"class":235},[44,51740,66],{"class":58},[44,51742,247],{"class":235},[44,51744,8669],{"class":239},[44,51746,236],{"class":235},[44,51748,2255],{"class":58},[44,51750,7163],{"class":62},[44,51752,77],{"class":58},[44,51754,51755,51757,51759,51761,51763,51765,51767],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,51756,100],{"class":99},[44,51758,103],{"class":58},[44,51760,10529],{"class":99},[44,51762,103],{"class":58},[44,51764,16657],{"class":89},[44,51766,4730],{"class":58},[44,51768,50776],{"class":3035},[20,51770,36949,51771,51773,51774,342,51776,86],{},[15,51772,1426],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,51775,14593],{},[15,51777,51778],{},"\"age\"",[20,51780,51781],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[35,51783,51785],{"className":37,"code":51784,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,51786,51787,51800],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51788,51789,51791,51793,51795,51798],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51790,34039],{"class":50},[44,51792,55],{"class":54},[44,51794,247],{"class":235},[44,51796,51797],{"class":239},"a b",[44,51799,2727],{"class":235},[44,51801,51802,51804,51806,51808,51810,51812,51814],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,51803,100],{"class":99},[44,51805,103],{"class":58},[44,51807,10529],{"class":99},[44,51809,103],{"class":58},[44,51811,34060],{"class":89},[44,51813,4730],{"class":58},[44,51815,50131],{"class":3035},[20,51817,51818],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[131,51820,1196],{"id":1195},[347,51822,51824],{"id":51823},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,51826,51827],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[347,51829,51831],{"id":51830},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,51833,51834],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[347,51836,51838],{"id":51837},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,51840,51841],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[347,51843,51845],{"id":51844},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,51847,51848,51849,51851,51852,945,51854,51856,51857,86],{},"No. Using ",[15,51850,41718],{}," on an ",[15,51853,1558],{},[15,51855,1562],{}," raises a ",[15,51858,2376],{},[347,51860,51862],{"id":51861},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,51864,7136,51865,86],{},[15,51866,51867],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,51869,1578],{},[35,51871,51873],{"className":37,"code":51872,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,51874,51875,51883,51887,51905],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51876,51877,51879,51881],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51878,7682],{"class":50},[44,51880,55],{"class":54},[44,51882,7211],{"class":58},[44,51884,51885],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,51886,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,51888,51889,51891,51893,51895,51897,51899,51901,51903],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,51890,6369],{"class":3245},[44,51892,37741],{"class":99},[44,51894,103],{"class":58},[44,51896,7713],{"class":89},[44,51898,3032],{"class":58},[44,51900,5779],{"class":54},[44,51902,3202],{"class":62},[44,51904,5764],{"class":58},[44,51906,51907,51909,51911,51913,51916,51918],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,51908,7442],{"class":99},[44,51910,103],{"class":58},[44,51912,236],{"class":235},[44,51914,51915],{"class":239},"Empty list",[44,51917,236],{"class":235},[44,51919,108],{"class":58},[20,51921,51922,51923,51925,51926,51928,51929,51931],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,51924,3046],{}," in an ",[15,51927,6369],{}," statement, but ",[15,51930,41718],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[131,51933,1251],{"id":1250},[145,51935,51936,51940,51944,51948,51953,51957,51963],{},[148,51937,51938],{},[167,51939,50337],{"href":50336},[148,51941,51942],{},[167,51943,50341],{"href":50340},[148,51945,51946],{},[167,51947,8526],{"href":8525},[148,51949,51950],{},[167,51951,51952],{"href":50907},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[148,51954,51955],{},[167,51956,7816],{"href":1669},[148,51958,51959],{},[167,51960,51962],{"href":51961},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[148,51964,51965],{},[167,51966,51967],{"href":51498},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1294,51969,51970],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":51972},[51973,51974,51975,51976,51977,51978,51979,51985,51986,51987,51988,51995],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":50139,"depth":80,"text":50140},{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":50484,"depth":80,"text":50485},{"id":50671,"depth":80,"text":50672},{"id":50911,"depth":80,"text":50912},{"id":40401,"depth":80,"text":40402,"children":51980},[51981,51982,51983,51984],{"id":51130,"depth":96,"text":51131},{"id":51184,"depth":96,"text":51185},{"id":51235,"depth":96,"text":51236},{"id":51316,"depth":96,"text":51317},{"id":51388,"depth":80,"text":51389},{"id":51502,"depth":80,"text":51503},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":51989},[51990,51991,51992,51993,51994],{"id":51823,"depth":96,"text":51824},{"id":51830,"depth":96,"text":51831},{"id":51837,"depth":96,"text":51838},{"id":51844,"depth":96,"text":51845},{"id":51861,"depth":96,"text":51862},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50022,"description":51996},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52003,"title":52004,"body":52005,"description":53690,"extension":1331,"meta":53691,"navigation":268,"path":53692,"seo":53693,"stem":53694,"__hash__":53695},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52006,"toc":53663},[52007,52010,52024,52030,52032,52086,52091,52095,52111,52114,52128,52134,52136,52139,52158,52174,52176,52252,52254,52291,52302,52304,52307,52368,52370,52403,52406,52412,52416,52419,52544,52546,52605,52613,52666,52668,52695,52701,52711,52715,52718,52723,52775,52777,52803,52809,52863,52865,52890,52893,52917,52923,52925,52929,52931,52988,52990,52998,53000,53022,53024,53077,53079,53103,53107,53109,53148,53150,53158,53164,53168,53220,53222,53248,53256,53260,53265,53274,53276,53342,53344,53376,53380,53385,53387,53401,53404,53477,53479,53505,53507,53511,53518,53522,53529,53533,53536,53538,53591,53593,53619,53623,53632,53634,53660],[10,52008,52004],{"id":52009},"python-list-append-method",[20,52011,140,52012,52015,52016,52019,52020,52023],{},[15,52013,52014],{},"append()"," method adds ",[30,52017,52018],{},"one item"," to the ",[30,52021,52022],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52025,52026,52027,52029],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[30,52028,604],{}," create a new list.",[131,52031,2979],{"id":2978},[35,52033,52035],{"className":37,"code":52034,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52036,52037,52057,52071,52081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52038,52039,52041,52043,52045,52047,52049,52051,52053,52055],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52040,51],{"class":50},[44,52042,55],{"class":54},[44,52044,2993],{"class":58},[44,52046,63],{"class":62},[44,52048,66],{"class":58},[44,52050,69],{"class":62},[44,52052,66],{"class":58},[44,52054,74],{"class":62},[44,52056,3006],{"class":58},[44,52058,52059,52061,52063,52065,52067,52069],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,52060,83],{"class":50},[44,52062,86],{"class":58},[44,52064,12907],{"class":89},[44,52066,103],{"class":58},[44,52068,1875],{"class":62},[44,52070,108],{"class":58},[44,52072,52073,52075,52077,52079],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,52074,100],{"class":99},[44,52076,103],{"class":58},[44,52078,83],{"class":89},[44,52080,108],{"class":58},[44,52082,52083],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,52084,52085],{"class":3035},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52087,1462,52088,52090],{},[15,52089,52014],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[131,52092,52094],{"id":52093},"what-append-does","What append() does",[145,52096,52097,52102,52105,52108],{},[148,52098,52099,52101],{},[15,52100,52014],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[148,52103,52104],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[148,52106,52107],{},"It does not create a new list",[148,52109,52110],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52112,52113],{},"This means you can append:",[145,52115,52116,52118,52120,52122,52124,52126],{},[148,52117,83],{},[148,52119,4677],{},[148,52121,39950],{},[148,52123,4668],{},[148,52125,6623],{},[148,52127,34013],{},[20,52129,52130,52131,86],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[167,52132,52133],{"href":50340},"Python lists explained for beginners",[131,52135,4800],{"id":4799},[20,52137,52138],{},"Basic form:",[35,52140,52142],{"className":37,"code":52141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52143,52144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52145,52146,52148,52150,52152,52154,52156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52147,7713],{"class":50},[44,52149,86],{"class":58},[44,52151,12907],{"class":89},[44,52153,103],{"class":58},[44,52155,22658],{"class":89},[44,52157,108],{"class":58},[145,52159,52160,52165,52170],{},[148,52161,52162,52164],{},[15,52163,7713],{}," is the list you want to change",[148,52166,52167,52169],{},[15,52168,22658],{}," is the value or object to add",[148,52171,11269,52172],{},[15,52173,159],{},[20,52175,1578],{},[35,52177,52179],{"className":37,"code":52178,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52180,52181,52205,52228,52232,52242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52182,52183,52185,52187,52189,52191,52193,52195,52197,52199,52201,52203],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52184,35592],{"class":50},[44,52186,55],{"class":54},[44,52188,2993],{"class":58},[44,52190,236],{"class":235},[44,52192,3450],{"class":239},[44,52194,236],{"class":235},[44,52196,66],{"class":58},[44,52198,247],{"class":235},[44,52200,3459],{"class":239},[44,52202,236],{"class":235},[44,52204,3006],{"class":58},[44,52206,52207,52209,52211,52214,52216,52218,52220,52222,52224,52226],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,52208,644],{"class":50},[44,52210,55],{"class":54},[44,52212,52213],{"class":50}," fruits",[44,52215,86],{"class":58},[44,52217,12907],{"class":89},[44,52219,103],{"class":58},[44,52221,236],{"class":235},[44,52223,32571],{"class":239},[44,52225,236],{"class":235},[44,52227,108],{"class":58},[44,52229,52230],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,52231,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,52233,52234,52236,52238,52240],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,52235,100],{"class":99},[44,52237,103],{"class":58},[44,52239,35644],{"class":89},[44,52241,108],{"class":58},[44,52243,52244,52246,52248,52250],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,52245,100],{"class":99},[44,52247,103],{"class":58},[44,52249,668],{"class":89},[44,52251,108],{"class":58},[20,52253,111],{},[35,52255,52257],{"className":37,"code":52256,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52258,52259,52287],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52260,52261,52263,52265,52267,52269,52271,52273,52275,52277,52279,52281,52283,52285],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52262,3270],{"class":58},[44,52264,1018],{"class":235},[44,52266,3450],{"class":239},[44,52268,1018],{"class":235},[44,52270,66],{"class":58},[44,52272,1012],{"class":235},[44,52274,3459],{"class":239},[44,52276,1018],{"class":235},[44,52278,66],{"class":58},[44,52280,1012],{"class":235},[44,52282,32571],{"class":239},[44,52284,1018],{"class":235},[44,52286,3006],{"class":58},[44,52288,52289],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,52290,693],{"class":692},[20,52292,52293,52294,52296,52297,52299,52300,86],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52295,52014],{}," updates ",[15,52298,35644],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52301,159],{},[131,52303,215],{"id":214},[20,52305,52306],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[35,52308,52310],{"className":37,"code":52309,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52311,52312,52336,52354,52358],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52313,52314,52316,52318,52320,52322,52324,52326,52328,52330,52332,52334],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52315,228],{"class":50},[44,52317,55],{"class":54},[44,52319,2993],{"class":58},[44,52321,236],{"class":235},[44,52323,240],{"class":239},[44,52325,236],{"class":235},[44,52327,66],{"class":58},[44,52329,247],{"class":235},[44,52331,259],{"class":239},[44,52333,236],{"class":235},[44,52335,3006],{"class":58},[44,52337,52338,52340,52342,52344,52346,52348,52350,52352],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,52339,274],{"class":50},[44,52341,86],{"class":58},[44,52343,12907],{"class":89},[44,52345,103],{"class":58},[44,52347,236],{"class":235},[44,52349,250],{"class":239},[44,52351,236],{"class":235},[44,52353,108],{"class":58},[44,52355,52356],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,52357,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,52359,52360,52362,52364,52366],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,52361,100],{"class":99},[44,52363,103],{"class":58},[44,52365,274],{"class":89},[44,52367,108],{"class":58},[20,52369,111],{},[35,52371,52373],{"className":37,"code":52372,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52374,52375],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52376,52377,52379,52381,52383,52385,52387,52389,52391,52393,52395,52397,52399,52401],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52378,3270],{"class":58},[44,52380,1018],{"class":235},[44,52382,240],{"class":239},[44,52384,1018],{"class":235},[44,52386,66],{"class":58},[44,52388,1012],{"class":235},[44,52390,259],{"class":239},[44,52392,1018],{"class":235},[44,52394,66],{"class":58},[44,52396,1012],{"class":235},[44,52398,250],{"class":239},[44,52400,1018],{"class":235},[44,52402,3006],{"class":58},[20,52404,52405],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52407,30432,52408,86],{},[167,52409,52411],{"href":52410},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[131,52413,52415],{"id":52414},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52417,52418],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[35,52420,52422],{"className":37,"code":52421,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52423,52424,52432,52436,52450,52468,52482,52508,52530,52534],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52425,52426,52428,52430],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52427,362],{"class":50},[44,52429,55],{"class":54},[44,52431,7211],{"class":58},[44,52433,52434],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,52435,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,52437,52438,52440,52442,52444,52446,52448],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,52439,397],{"class":50},[44,52441,86],{"class":58},[44,52443,12907],{"class":89},[44,52445,103],{"class":58},[44,52447,1701],{"class":62},[44,52449,108],{"class":58},[44,52451,52452,52454,52456,52458,52460,52462,52464,52466],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,52453,397],{"class":50},[44,52455,86],{"class":58},[44,52457,12907],{"class":89},[44,52459,103],{"class":58},[44,52461,236],{"class":235},[44,52463,3214],{"class":239},[44,52465,236],{"class":235},[44,52467,108],{"class":58},[44,52469,52470,52472,52474,52476,52478,52480],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,52471,397],{"class":50},[44,52473,86],{"class":58},[44,52475,12907],{"class":89},[44,52477,103],{"class":58},[44,52479,2974],{"class":692},[44,52481,108],{"class":58},[44,52483,52484,52486,52488,52490,52492,52494,52496,52498,52500,52502,52504,52506],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,52485,397],{"class":50},[44,52487,86],{"class":58},[44,52489,12907],{"class":89},[44,52491,4899],{"class":58},[44,52493,236],{"class":235},[44,52495,7041],{"class":239},[44,52497,236],{"class":235},[44,52499,2255],{"class":58},[44,52501,247],{"class":235},[44,52503,7050],{"class":239},[44,52505,236],{"class":235},[44,52507,29845],{"class":58},[44,52509,52510,52512,52514,52516,52518,52520,52522,52524,52526,52528],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,52511,397],{"class":50},[44,52513,86],{"class":58},[44,52515,12907],{"class":89},[44,52517,2357],{"class":58},[44,52519,63],{"class":62},[44,52521,66],{"class":58},[44,52523,69],{"class":62},[44,52525,66],{"class":58},[44,52527,74],{"class":62},[44,52529,3258],{"class":58},[44,52531,52532],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,52533,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,52535,52536,52538,52540,52542],{"class":46,"line":5802},[44,52537,100],{"class":99},[44,52539,103],{"class":58},[44,52541,397],{"class":89},[44,52543,108],{"class":58},[20,52545,111],{},[35,52547,52549],{"className":37,"code":52548,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,52550,52551],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52552,52553,52555,52557,52559,52561,52563,52565,52567,52569,52571,52573,52575,52577,52579,52581,52583,52585,52587,52590,52592,52594,52596,52598,52600,52602],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52554,3270],{"class":58},[44,52556,1701],{"class":62},[44,52558,66],{"class":58},[44,52560,1012],{"class":235},[44,52562,3214],{"class":239},[44,52564,1018],{"class":235},[44,52566,66],{"class":58},[44,52568,3286],{"class":692},[44,52570,66],{"class":58},[44,52572,59],{"class":58},[44,52574,1018],{"class":235},[44,52576,7041],{"class":239},[44,52578,1018],{"class":235},[44,52580,2255],{"class":58},[44,52582,1012],{"class":235},[44,52584,7050],{"class":239},[44,52586,1018],{"class":235},[44,52588,52589],{"class":58},"},",[44,52591,2993],{"class":58},[44,52593,63],{"class":62},[44,52595,66],{"class":58},[44,52597,69],{"class":62},[44,52599,66],{"class":58},[44,52601,74],{"class":62},[44,52603,52604],{"class":58},"]]\n",[20,52606,52607,52608,41512,52610,86],{},"A list added with ",[15,52609,52014],{},[30,52611,52612],{},"one single item",[35,52614,52616],{"className":37,"code":52615,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,52617,52618,52634,52652,52656],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52619,52620,52622,52624,52626,52628,52630,52632],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52621,51],{"class":50},[44,52623,55],{"class":54},[44,52625,2993],{"class":58},[44,52627,63],{"class":62},[44,52629,66],{"class":58},[44,52631,69],{"class":62},[44,52633,3006],{"class":58},[44,52635,52636,52638,52640,52642,52644,52646,52648,52650],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,52637,83],{"class":50},[44,52639,86],{"class":58},[44,52641,12907],{"class":89},[44,52643,2357],{"class":58},[44,52645,1432],{"class":62},[44,52647,66],{"class":58},[44,52649,1827],{"class":62},[44,52651,3258],{"class":58},[44,52653,52654],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,52655,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,52657,52658,52660,52662,52664],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,52659,100],{"class":99},[44,52661,103],{"class":58},[44,52663,83],{"class":89},[44,52665,108],{"class":58},[20,52667,111],{},[35,52669,52671],{"className":37,"code":52670,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,52672,52673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52674,52675,52677,52679,52681,52683,52685,52687,52689,52691,52693],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52676,3270],{"class":58},[44,52678,63],{"class":62},[44,52680,66],{"class":58},[44,52682,69],{"class":62},[44,52684,66],{"class":58},[44,52686,2993],{"class":58},[44,52688,1432],{"class":62},[44,52690,66],{"class":58},[44,52692,1827],{"class":62},[44,52694,52604],{"class":58},[20,52696,1656,52697,52700],{},[15,52698,52699],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,52702,52703,52704,52710],{},"This is different from ",[167,52705,52707],{"href":52706},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,52708,52709],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[131,52712,52714],{"id":52713},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,52716,52717],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[347,52719,350,52721],{"id":52720},"using-append",[15,52722,52014],{},[35,52724,52725],{"className":37,"code":52615,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,52726,52727,52743,52761,52765],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52728,52729,52731,52733,52735,52737,52739,52741],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52730,51],{"class":50},[44,52732,55],{"class":54},[44,52734,2993],{"class":58},[44,52736,63],{"class":62},[44,52738,66],{"class":58},[44,52740,69],{"class":62},[44,52742,3006],{"class":58},[44,52744,52745,52747,52749,52751,52753,52755,52757,52759],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,52746,83],{"class":50},[44,52748,86],{"class":58},[44,52750,12907],{"class":89},[44,52752,2357],{"class":58},[44,52754,1432],{"class":62},[44,52756,66],{"class":58},[44,52758,1827],{"class":62},[44,52760,3258],{"class":58},[44,52762,52763],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,52764,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,52766,52767,52769,52771,52773],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,52768,100],{"class":99},[44,52770,103],{"class":58},[44,52772,83],{"class":89},[44,52774,108],{"class":58},[20,52776,111],{},[35,52778,52779],{"className":37,"code":52670,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,52780,52781],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52782,52783,52785,52787,52789,52791,52793,52795,52797,52799,52801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52784,3270],{"class":58},[44,52786,63],{"class":62},[44,52788,66],{"class":58},[44,52790,69],{"class":62},[44,52792,66],{"class":58},[44,52794,2993],{"class":58},[44,52796,1432],{"class":62},[44,52798,66],{"class":58},[44,52800,1827],{"class":62},[44,52802,52604],{"class":58},[347,52804,350,52806],{"id":52805},"using-extend",[15,52807,52808],{},"extend()",[35,52810,52812],{"className":37,"code":52811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,52813,52814,52830,52849,52853],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52815,52816,52818,52820,52822,52824,52826,52828],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52817,51],{"class":50},[44,52819,55],{"class":54},[44,52821,2993],{"class":58},[44,52823,63],{"class":62},[44,52825,66],{"class":58},[44,52827,69],{"class":62},[44,52829,3006],{"class":58},[44,52831,52832,52834,52836,52839,52841,52843,52845,52847],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,52833,83],{"class":50},[44,52835,86],{"class":58},[44,52837,52838],{"class":89},"extend",[44,52840,2357],{"class":58},[44,52842,1432],{"class":62},[44,52844,66],{"class":58},[44,52846,1827],{"class":62},[44,52848,3258],{"class":58},[44,52850,52851],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,52852,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,52854,52855,52857,52859,52861],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,52856,100],{"class":99},[44,52858,103],{"class":58},[44,52860,83],{"class":89},[44,52862,108],{"class":58},[20,52864,111],{},[35,52866,52868],{"className":37,"code":52867,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52869,52870],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52871,52872,52874,52876,52878,52880,52882,52884,52886,52888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52873,3270],{"class":58},[44,52875,63],{"class":62},[44,52877,66],{"class":58},[44,52879,69],{"class":62},[44,52881,66],{"class":58},[44,52883,74],{"class":62},[44,52885,66],{"class":58},[44,52887,1827],{"class":62},[44,52889,3006],{"class":58},[20,52891,52892],{},"The difference:",[145,52894,52895,52901,52907,52912],{},[148,52896,52897,52900],{},[15,52898,52899],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[148,52902,52903,52906],{},[15,52904,52905],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[148,52908,1462,52909,52911],{},[15,52910,52014],{}," for one item",[148,52913,1462,52914,52916],{},[15,52915,52808],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,52918,52919,52920,86],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[167,52921,52922],{"href":52706},"Python list extend() method",[131,52924,784],{"id":783},[347,52926,52928],{"id":52927},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,52930,961],{},[35,52932,52934],{"className":37,"code":52933,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52935,52936,52956,52974,52978],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52937,52938,52940,52942,52944,52946,52948,52950,52952,52954],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52939,362],{"class":50},[44,52941,55],{"class":54},[44,52943,2993],{"class":58},[44,52945,63],{"class":62},[44,52947,66],{"class":58},[44,52949,69],{"class":62},[44,52951,66],{"class":58},[44,52953,74],{"class":62},[44,52955,3006],{"class":58},[44,52957,52958,52960,52962,52964,52966,52968,52970,52972],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,52959,362],{"class":50},[44,52961,55],{"class":54},[44,52963,5336],{"class":50},[44,52965,86],{"class":58},[44,52967,12907],{"class":89},[44,52969,103],{"class":58},[44,52971,1875],{"class":62},[44,52973,108],{"class":58},[44,52975,52976],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,52977,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,52979,52980,52982,52984,52986],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,52981,100],{"class":99},[44,52983,103],{"class":58},[44,52985,397],{"class":89},[44,52987,108],{"class":58},[20,52989,111],{},[35,52991,52992],{"className":37,"code":693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,52993,52994],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52995,52996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52997,693],{"class":692},[20,52999,11258],{},[145,53001,53002,53007,53013],{},[148,53003,53004,53006],{},[15,53005,52014],{}," changes the list in place",[148,53008,53009,772,53011],{},[15,53010,52014],{},[15,53012,159],{},[148,53014,53015,53016,53019,53020],{},"So ",[15,53017,53018],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53021,159],{},[20,53023,10174],{},[35,53025,53027],{"className":37,"code":53026,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53028,53029,53049,53063,53067],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53030,53031,53033,53035,53037,53039,53041,53043,53045,53047],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53032,362],{"class":50},[44,53034,55],{"class":54},[44,53036,2993],{"class":58},[44,53038,63],{"class":62},[44,53040,66],{"class":58},[44,53042,69],{"class":62},[44,53044,66],{"class":58},[44,53046,74],{"class":62},[44,53048,3006],{"class":58},[44,53050,53051,53053,53055,53057,53059,53061],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,53052,397],{"class":50},[44,53054,86],{"class":58},[44,53056,12907],{"class":89},[44,53058,103],{"class":58},[44,53060,1875],{"class":62},[44,53062,108],{"class":58},[44,53064,53065],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,53066,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,53068,53069,53071,53073,53075],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,53070,100],{"class":99},[44,53072,103],{"class":58},[44,53074,397],{"class":89},[44,53076,108],{"class":58},[20,53078,111],{},[35,53080,53081],{"className":37,"code":52867,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53082,53083],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53084,53085,53087,53089,53091,53093,53095,53097,53099,53101],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53086,3270],{"class":58},[44,53088,63],{"class":62},[44,53090,66],{"class":58},[44,53092,69],{"class":62},[44,53094,66],{"class":58},[44,53096,74],{"class":62},[44,53098,66],{"class":58},[44,53100,1827],{"class":62},[44,53102,3006],{"class":58},[347,53104,53106],{"id":53105},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53108,18261],{},[35,53110,53112],{"className":37,"code":53111,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53113,53114,53138],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53115,53116,53118,53120,53122,53124,53126,53128,53130,53132,53134,53136],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53117,31232],{"class":50},[44,53119,55],{"class":54},[44,53121,2993],{"class":58},[44,53123,63],{"class":62},[44,53125,66],{"class":58},[44,53127,69],{"class":62},[44,53129,12904],{"class":58},[44,53131,12907],{"class":89},[44,53133,103],{"class":58},[44,53135,1432],{"class":62},[44,53137,108],{"class":58},[44,53139,53140,53142,53144,53146],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,53141,100],{"class":99},[44,53143,103],{"class":58},[44,53145,31251],{"class":89},[44,53147,108],{"class":58},[20,53149,111],{},[35,53151,53152],{"className":37,"code":693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53153,53154],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53155,53156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53157,693],{"class":692},[20,53159,53160,53161,53163],{},"Remember: ",[15,53162,52014],{}," updates the list you already have.",[347,53165,53167],{"id":53166},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[35,53169,53170],{"className":37,"code":52615,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53171,53172,53188,53206,53210],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53173,53174,53176,53178,53180,53182,53184,53186],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53175,51],{"class":50},[44,53177,55],{"class":54},[44,53179,2993],{"class":58},[44,53181,63],{"class":62},[44,53183,66],{"class":58},[44,53185,69],{"class":62},[44,53187,3006],{"class":58},[44,53189,53190,53192,53194,53196,53198,53200,53202,53204],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,53191,83],{"class":50},[44,53193,86],{"class":58},[44,53195,12907],{"class":89},[44,53197,2357],{"class":58},[44,53199,1432],{"class":62},[44,53201,66],{"class":58},[44,53203,1827],{"class":62},[44,53205,3258],{"class":58},[44,53207,53208],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,53209,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,53211,53212,53214,53216,53218],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,53213,100],{"class":99},[44,53215,103],{"class":58},[44,53217,83],{"class":89},[44,53219,108],{"class":58},[20,53221,111],{},[35,53223,53224],{"className":37,"code":52670,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53225,53226],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53227,53228,53230,53232,53234,53236,53238,53240,53242,53244,53246],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53229,3270],{"class":58},[44,53231,63],{"class":62},[44,53233,66],{"class":58},[44,53235,69],{"class":62},[44,53237,66],{"class":58},[44,53239,2993],{"class":58},[44,53241,1432],{"class":62},[44,53243,66],{"class":58},[44,53245,1827],{"class":62},[44,53247,52604],{"class":58},[20,53249,2541,53250,53253,53254,6002],{},[15,53251,53252],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53255,52808],{},[347,53257,53259],{"id":53258},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53261,53262,53264],{},[15,53263,52014],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53266,53267,53268,86],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[167,53269,53271],{"href":53270},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53272,53273],{},"list.insert()",[20,53275,1578],{},[35,53277,53279],{"className":37,"code":53278,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53280,53281,53305,53328,53332],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53282,53283,53285,53287,53289,53291,53293,53295,53297,53299,53301,53303],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53284,35444],{"class":50},[44,53286,55],{"class":54},[44,53288,2993],{"class":58},[44,53290,236],{"class":235},[44,53292,167],{"class":239},[44,53294,236],{"class":235},[44,53296,66],{"class":58},[44,53298,247],{"class":235},[44,53300,9109],{"class":239},[44,53302,236],{"class":235},[44,53304,3006],{"class":58},[44,53306,53307,53309,53311,53314,53316,53318,53320,53322,53324,53326],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,53308,35497],{"class":50},[44,53310,86],{"class":58},[44,53312,53313],{"class":89},"insert",[44,53315,103],{"class":58},[44,53317,63],{"class":62},[44,53319,66],{"class":58},[44,53321,247],{"class":235},[44,53323,1164],{"class":239},[44,53325,236],{"class":235},[44,53327,108],{"class":58},[44,53329,53330],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,53331,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,53333,53334,53336,53338,53340],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,53335,100],{"class":99},[44,53337,103],{"class":58},[44,53339,35497],{"class":89},[44,53341,108],{"class":58},[20,53343,111],{},[35,53345,53346],{"className":37,"code":42233,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53347,53348],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53349,53350,53352,53354,53356,53358,53360,53362,53364,53366,53368,53370,53372,53374],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53351,3270],{"class":58},[44,53353,1018],{"class":235},[44,53355,167],{"class":239},[44,53357,1018],{"class":235},[44,53359,66],{"class":58},[44,53361,1012],{"class":235},[44,53363,1164],{"class":239},[44,53365,1018],{"class":235},[44,53367,66],{"class":58},[44,53369,1012],{"class":235},[44,53371,9109],{"class":239},[44,53373,1018],{"class":235},[44,53375,3006],{"class":58},[131,53377,53379],{"id":53378},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53381,53382,53384],{},[15,53383,52014],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53386,35779],{},[145,53388,53389,53392,53395,53398],{},[148,53390,53391],{},"building a list in a loop",[148,53393,53394],{},"collecting user input",[148,53396,53397],{},"storing results step by step",[148,53399,53400],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53402,53403],{},"Example with a loop:",[35,53405,53407],{"className":37,"code":53406,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53408,53409,53418,53422,53443,53462,53466],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53410,53411,53414,53416],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53412,53413],{"class":50},"squares ",[44,53415,55],{"class":54},[44,53417,7211],{"class":58},[44,53419,53420],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,53421,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,53423,53424,53426,53428,53430,53433,53435,53437,53439,53441],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,53425,5328],{"class":3245},[44,53427,5757],{"class":50},[44,53429,3252],{"class":3245},[44,53431,53432],{"class":99}," range",[44,53434,103],{"class":58},[44,53436,63],{"class":62},[44,53438,66],{"class":58},[44,53440,3975],{"class":62},[44,53442,7716],{"class":58},[44,53444,53445,53448,53450,53452,53454,53456,53458,53460],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,53446,53447],{"class":50},"    squares",[44,53449,86],{"class":58},[44,53451,12907],{"class":89},[44,53453,103],{"class":58},[44,53455,1588],{"class":89},[44,53457,39228],{"class":54},[44,53459,1567],{"class":89},[44,53461,108],{"class":58},[44,53463,53464],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,53465,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,53467,53468,53470,53472,53475],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,53469,100],{"class":99},[44,53471,103],{"class":58},[44,53473,53474],{"class":89},"squares",[44,53476,108],{"class":58},[20,53478,111],{},[35,53480,53482],{"className":37,"code":53481,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,53483,53484],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53485,53486,53488,53490,53492,53494,53496,53499,53501,53503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53487,3270],{"class":58},[44,53489,63],{"class":62},[44,53491,66],{"class":58},[44,53493,1827],{"class":62},[44,53495,66],{"class":58},[44,53497,53498],{"class":62}," 9",[44,53500,66],{"class":58},[44,53502,13342],{"class":62},[44,53504,3006],{"class":58},[131,53506,1196],{"id":1195},[347,53508,53510],{"id":53509},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,53512,45724,53513,53515,53516,86],{},[15,53514,52014],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,53517,159],{},[347,53519,53521],{"id":53520},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,53523,53524,53525,86],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[167,53526,53527],{"href":52706},[15,53528,52808],{},[347,53530,53532],{"id":53531},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,53534,53535],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,53537,1578],{},[35,53539,53541],{"className":37,"code":53540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,53542,53543,53559,53577,53581],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53544,53545,53547,53549,53551,53553,53555,53557],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53546,8536],{"class":50},[44,53548,55],{"class":54},[44,53550,2993],{"class":58},[44,53552,63],{"class":62},[44,53554,66],{"class":58},[44,53556,69],{"class":62},[44,53558,3006],{"class":58},[44,53560,53561,53563,53565,53567,53569,53571,53573,53575],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,53562,8575],{"class":50},[44,53564,86],{"class":58},[44,53566,12907],{"class":89},[44,53568,2357],{"class":58},[44,53570,1432],{"class":62},[44,53572,66],{"class":58},[44,53574,1827],{"class":62},[44,53576,3258],{"class":58},[44,53578,53579],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,53580,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,53582,53583,53585,53587,53589],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,53584,100],{"class":99},[44,53586,103],{"class":58},[44,53588,8575],{"class":89},[44,53590,108],{"class":58},[20,53592,111],{},[35,53594,53595],{"className":37,"code":52670,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53596,53597],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53598,53599,53601,53603,53605,53607,53609,53611,53613,53615,53617],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53600,3270],{"class":58},[44,53602,63],{"class":62},[44,53604,66],{"class":58},[44,53606,69],{"class":62},[44,53608,66],{"class":58},[44,53610,2993],{"class":58},[44,53612,1432],{"class":62},[44,53614,66],{"class":58},[44,53616,1827],{"class":62},[44,53618,52604],{"class":58},[347,53620,53622],{"id":53621},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,53624,53625,53627,53628,53631],{},[15,53626,52014],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,53629,53630],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[131,53633,1251],{"id":1250},[145,53635,53636,53641,53645,53650,53654],{},[148,53637,53638],{},[167,53639,53640],{"href":52410},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[148,53642,53643],{},[167,53644,52922],{"href":52706},[148,53646,53647],{},[167,53648,53649],{"href":53270},"Python list insert() method",[148,53651,53652],{},[167,53653,52133],{"href":50340},[148,53655,53656],{},[167,53657,53659],{"href":53658},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1294,53661,53662],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":53664},[53665,53666,53667,53668,53669,53670,53676,53682,53683,53689],{"id":2978,"depth":80,"text":2979},{"id":52093,"depth":80,"text":52094},{"id":4799,"depth":80,"text":4800},{"id":214,"depth":80,"text":215},{"id":52414,"depth":80,"text":52415},{"id":52713,"depth":80,"text":52714,"children":53671},[53672,53674],{"id":52720,"depth":96,"text":53673},"Using append()",{"id":52805,"depth":96,"text":53675},"Using extend()",{"id":783,"depth":80,"text":784,"children":53677},[53678,53679,53680,53681],{"id":52927,"depth":96,"text":52928},{"id":53105,"depth":96,"text":53106},{"id":53166,"depth":96,"text":53167},{"id":53258,"depth":96,"text":53259},{"id":53378,"depth":80,"text":53379},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":53684},[53685,53686,53687,53688],{"id":53509,"depth":96,"text":53510},{"id":53520,"depth":96,"text":53521},{"id":53531,"depth":96,"text":53532},{"id":53621,"depth":96,"text":53622},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52004,"description":53690},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":53697,"title":53698,"body":53699,"description":54940,"extension":1331,"meta":54941,"navigation":268,"path":54942,"seo":54943,"stem":54944,"__hash__":54945},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":53700,"toc":54905},[53701,53707,53713,53719,53721,53769,53774,53779,53783,53799,53805,53807,53809,53824,53826,53837,53839,53841,53898,53900,53908,53910,53925,53931,53933,53939,53943,54027,54030,54079,54086,54094,54097,54111,54124,54130,54205,54212,54219,54293,54301,54304,54315,54324,54328,54332,54343,54345,54422,54443,54445,54455,54458,54506,54508,54529,54532,54534,54585,54591,54598,54665,54671,54677,54680,54707,54712,54718,54721,54793,54796,54807,54813,54815,54821,54824,54830,54836,54843,54851,54857,54863,54865,54902],[10,53702,53704,53705,18],{"id":53703},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,53706,17],{},[20,53708,53709,53712],{},[15,53710,53711],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,53714,53715,53716,53718],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[30,53717,10700],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[131,53720,2979],{"id":2978},[35,53722,53724],{"className":37,"code":53723,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,53725,53726,53746,53756],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53727,53728,53730,53732,53734,53736,53738,53740,53742,53744],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53729,362],{"class":50},[44,53731,55],{"class":54},[44,53733,2993],{"class":58},[44,53735,63],{"class":62},[44,53737,66],{"class":58},[44,53739,69],{"class":62},[44,53741,66],{"class":58},[44,53743,74],{"class":62},[44,53745,3006],{"class":58},[44,53747,53748,53750,53752,53754],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,53749,397],{"class":50},[44,53751,86],{"class":58},[44,53753,90],{"class":89},[44,53755,93],{"class":58},[44,53757,53758,53760,53762,53764,53766],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,53759,100],{"class":99},[44,53761,103],{"class":58},[44,53763,397],{"class":89},[44,53765,3032],{"class":58},[44,53767,53768],{"class":3035},"  # []\n",[20,53770,1462,53771,53773],{},[15,53772,17],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[131,53775,134,53777,137],{"id":53776},"what-listclear-does",[15,53778,53711],{},[20,53780,53781,2255],{},[15,53782,53711],{},[145,53784,53785,53788,53791,53796],{},[148,53786,53787],{},"Removes every item from a list",[148,53789,53790],{},"Changes the original list in place",[148,53792,53793,53794],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,53795,3157],{},[148,53797,53798],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,53800,53801,53802,53804],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,53803,17],{},", but it contains no values.",[131,53806,175],{"id":174},[20,53808,178],{},[35,53810,53812],{"className":37,"code":53811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,53813,53814],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53815,53816,53818,53820,53822],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53817,7713],{"class":50},[44,53819,86],{"class":58},[44,53821,90],{"class":89},[44,53823,93],{"class":58},[20,53825,10822],{},[145,53827,53828,53831,53834],{},[148,53829,53830],{},"Call it on a list object",[148,53832,53833],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[148,53835,53836],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[131,53838,215],{"id":214},[20,53840,218],{},[35,53842,53844],{"className":37,"code":53843,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53845,53846,53870,53874,53884,53888],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53847,53848,53850,53852,53854,53856,53858,53860,53862,53864,53866,53868],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53849,51],{"class":50},[44,53851,55],{"class":54},[44,53853,2993],{"class":58},[44,53855,1701],{"class":62},[44,53857,66],{"class":58},[44,53859,7163],{"class":62},[44,53861,66],{"class":58},[44,53863,7168],{"class":62},[44,53865,66],{"class":58},[44,53867,50204],{"class":62},[44,53869,3006],{"class":58},[44,53871,53872],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,53873,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,53875,53876,53878,53880,53882],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,53877,83],{"class":50},[44,53879,86],{"class":58},[44,53881,90],{"class":89},[44,53883,93],{"class":58},[44,53885,53886],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,53887,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,53889,53890,53892,53894,53896],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,53891,100],{"class":99},[44,53893,103],{"class":58},[44,53895,83],{"class":89},[44,53897,108],{"class":58},[20,53899,111],{},[35,53901,53902],{"className":37,"code":37652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53903,53904],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53905,53906],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53907,37652],{"class":58},[20,53909,311],{},[145,53911,53912,53917,53922],{},[148,53913,53914,53916],{},[15,53915,83],{}," starts with four items",[148,53918,53919,53921],{},[15,53920,771],{}," removes all of them",[148,53923,53924],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,53926,53927,53928,86],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[167,53929,52133],{"href":53930},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[131,53932,596],{"id":595},[20,53934,53935,772,53937,86],{},[15,53936,17],{},[15,53938,159],{},[20,53940,40262,53941,52029],{},[30,53942,604],{},[35,53944,53946],{"className":37,"code":53945,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,53947,53948,53980,53984,53998,54002,54015],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53949,53950,53952,53954,53956,53958,53960,53962,53964,53966,53968,53970,53972,53974,53976,53978],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53951,362],{"class":50},[44,53953,55],{"class":54},[44,53955,2993],{"class":58},[44,53957,236],{"class":235},[44,53959,167],{"class":239},[44,53961,236],{"class":235},[44,53963,66],{"class":58},[44,53965,247],{"class":235},[44,53967,1164],{"class":239},[44,53969,236],{"class":235},[44,53971,66],{"class":58},[44,53973,247],{"class":235},[44,53975,9109],{"class":239},[44,53977,236],{"class":235},[44,53979,3006],{"class":58},[44,53981,53982],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,53983,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,53985,53986,53988,53990,53992,53994,53996],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,53987,644],{"class":50},[44,53989,55],{"class":54},[44,53991,5336],{"class":50},[44,53993,86],{"class":58},[44,53995,90],{"class":89},[44,53997,93],{"class":58},[44,53999,54000],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,54001,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,54003,54004,54006,54008,54010,54012],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,54005,100],{"class":99},[44,54007,103],{"class":58},[44,54009,397],{"class":89},[44,54011,3032],{"class":58},[44,54013,54014],{"class":3035},"   # []\n",[44,54016,54017,54019,54021,54023,54025],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,54018,100],{"class":99},[44,54020,103],{"class":58},[44,54022,668],{"class":89},[44,54024,3032],{"class":58},[44,54026,20223],{"class":3035},[20,54028,54029],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[35,54031,54033],{"className":37,"code":54032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54034,54035,54055,54069],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54036,54037,54039,54041,54043,54045,54047,54049,54051,54053],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54038,362],{"class":50},[44,54040,55],{"class":54},[44,54042,2993],{"class":58},[44,54044,63],{"class":62},[44,54046,66],{"class":58},[44,54048,69],{"class":62},[44,54050,66],{"class":58},[44,54052,74],{"class":62},[44,54054,3006],{"class":58},[44,54056,54057,54059,54061,54063,54065,54067],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,54058,362],{"class":50},[44,54060,55],{"class":54},[44,54062,5336],{"class":50},[44,54064,86],{"class":58},[44,54066,90],{"class":89},[44,54068,93],{"class":58},[44,54070,54071,54073,54075,54077],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,54072,100],{"class":99},[44,54074,103],{"class":58},[44,54076,397],{"class":89},[44,54078,108],{"class":58},[20,54080,11274,54081,41512,54083,54085],{},[15,54082,397],{},[15,54084,159],{},", not an empty list.",[131,54087,54089,54091,54092],{"id":54088},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54090,17],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54093,3157],{},[20,54095,54096],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[35,54098,54099],{"className":37,"code":53811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54100,54101],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54102,54103,54105,54107,54109],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54104,7713],{"class":50},[44,54106,86],{"class":58},[44,54108,90],{"class":89},[44,54110,93],{"class":58},[35,54112,54114],{"className":37,"code":54113,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = []\n",[15,54115,54116],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54117,54118,54120,54122],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54119,7682],{"class":50},[44,54121,55],{"class":54},[44,54123,7211],{"class":58},[347,54125,54127,54129],{"id":54126},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54128,17],{}," empties the same list object",[35,54131,54133],{"className":37,"code":54132,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54134,54135,54155,54163,54167,54177,54181,54193],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54136,54137,54139,54141,54143,54145,54147,54149,54151,54153],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54138,1095],{"class":50},[44,54140,55],{"class":54},[44,54142,2993],{"class":58},[44,54144,63],{"class":62},[44,54146,66],{"class":58},[44,54148,69],{"class":62},[44,54150,66],{"class":58},[44,54152,74],{"class":62},[44,54154,3006],{"class":58},[44,54156,54157,54159,54161],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,54158,1122],{"class":50},[44,54160,55],{"class":54},[44,54162,1127],{"class":50},[44,54164,54165],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,54166,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,54168,54169,54171,54173,54175],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,54170,167],{"class":50},[44,54172,86],{"class":58},[44,54174,90],{"class":89},[44,54176,93],{"class":58},[44,54178,54179],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,54180,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,54182,54183,54185,54187,54189,54191],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,54184,100],{"class":99},[44,54186,103],{"class":58},[44,54188,167],{"class":89},[44,54190,3032],{"class":58},[44,54192,53768],{"class":3035},[44,54194,54195,54197,54199,54201,54203],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,54196,100],{"class":99},[44,54198,103],{"class":58},[44,54200,1164],{"class":89},[44,54202,3032],{"class":58},[44,54204,53768],{"class":3035},[20,54206,9958,54207,342,54209,54211],{},[15,54208,167],{},[15,54210,1164],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[347,54213,54215,54218],{"id":54214},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54216,54217],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[35,54220,54222],{"className":37,"code":54221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54223,54224,54244,54252,54256,54264,54268,54280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54225,54226,54228,54230,54232,54234,54236,54238,54240,54242],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54227,1095],{"class":50},[44,54229,55],{"class":54},[44,54231,2993],{"class":58},[44,54233,63],{"class":62},[44,54235,66],{"class":58},[44,54237,69],{"class":62},[44,54239,66],{"class":58},[44,54241,74],{"class":62},[44,54243,3006],{"class":58},[44,54245,54246,54248,54250],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,54247,1122],{"class":50},[44,54249,55],{"class":54},[44,54251,1127],{"class":50},[44,54253,54254],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,54255,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,54257,54258,54260,54262],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,54259,1095],{"class":50},[44,54261,55],{"class":54},[44,54263,7211],{"class":58},[44,54265,54266],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,54267,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,54269,54270,54272,54274,54276,54278],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,54271,100],{"class":99},[44,54273,103],{"class":58},[44,54275,167],{"class":89},[44,54277,3032],{"class":58},[44,54279,53768],{"class":3035},[44,54281,54282,54284,54286,54288,54290],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,54283,100],{"class":99},[44,54285,103],{"class":58},[44,54287,1164],{"class":89},[44,54289,3032],{"class":58},[44,54291,54292],{"class":3035},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54294,565,54295,54297,54298,54300],{},[15,54296,167],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54299,1164],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54302,54303],{},"This difference matters when:",[145,54305,54306,54309,54312],{},[148,54307,54308],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[148,54310,54311],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[148,54313,54314],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54316,54317,54318,86],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[167,54319,54321,54322,1272],{"href":54320},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54323,12133],{},[131,54325,4331,54326],{"id":11796},[15,54327,17],{},[20,54329,1462,54330,5688],{},[15,54331,17],{},[145,54333,54334,54337,54340],{},[148,54335,54336],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[148,54338,54339],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[148,54341,54342],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54344,1578],{},[35,54346,54348],{"className":37,"code":54347,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54349,54350,54386,54390,54395,54406,54410],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54351,54352,54355,54357,54359,54361,54364,54366,54368,54370,54373,54375,54377,54379,54382,54384],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54353,54354],{"class":50},"shopping_cart ",[44,54356,55],{"class":54},[44,54358,2993],{"class":58},[44,54360,236],{"class":235},[44,54362,54363],{"class":239},"milk",[44,54365,236],{"class":235},[44,54367,66],{"class":58},[44,54369,247],{"class":235},[44,54371,54372],{"class":239},"bread",[44,54374,236],{"class":235},[44,54376,66],{"class":58},[44,54378,247],{"class":235},[44,54380,54381],{"class":239},"eggs",[44,54383,236],{"class":235},[44,54385,3006],{"class":58},[44,54387,54388],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,54389,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,54391,54392],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,54393,54394],{"class":3035},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[44,54396,54397,54400,54402,54404],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,54398,54399],{"class":50},"shopping_cart",[44,54401,86],{"class":58},[44,54403,90],{"class":89},[44,54405,93],{"class":58},[44,54407,54408],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,54409,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,54411,54412,54414,54416,54418,54420],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,54413,100],{"class":99},[44,54415,103],{"class":58},[44,54417,54399],{"class":89},[44,54419,3032],{"class":58},[44,54421,53768],{"class":3035},[20,54423,54424,54425,54429,54430,54436,54437,86],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[167,54426,54428],{"href":54427},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[167,54431,54433,1272],{"href":54432},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,54434,54435],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[167,54438,54440,1272],{"href":54439},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,54441,54442],{},"list.pop()",[131,54444,784],{"id":783},[347,54446,54448,54449,10459,54452],{"id":54447},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,54450,54451],{},"my_list.clear",[15,54453,54454],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,54456,54457],{},"This does not call the method.",[35,54459,54461],{"className":37,"code":54460,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,54462,54463,54483,54487,54496],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54464,54465,54467,54469,54471,54473,54475,54477,54479,54481],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54466,362],{"class":50},[44,54468,55],{"class":54},[44,54470,2993],{"class":58},[44,54472,63],{"class":62},[44,54474,66],{"class":58},[44,54476,69],{"class":62},[44,54478,66],{"class":58},[44,54480,74],{"class":62},[44,54482,3006],{"class":58},[44,54484,54485],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,54486,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,54488,54489,54491,54493],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,54490,397],{"class":50},[44,54492,86],{"class":58},[44,54494,54495],{"class":24098},"clear\n",[44,54497,54498,54500,54502,54504],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,54499,100],{"class":99},[44,54501,103],{"class":58},[44,54503,397],{"class":89},[44,54505,108],{"class":58},[20,54507,111],{},[35,54509,54511],{"className":37,"code":54510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54512,54513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54514,54515,54517,54519,54521,54523,54525,54527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54516,3270],{"class":58},[44,54518,63],{"class":62},[44,54520,66],{"class":58},[44,54522,69],{"class":62},[44,54524,66],{"class":58},[44,54526,74],{"class":62},[44,54528,3006],{"class":58},[20,54530,54531],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,54533,10174],{},[35,54535,54537],{"className":37,"code":54536,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54538,54539,54559,54563,54573],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54540,54541,54543,54545,54547,54549,54551,54553,54555,54557],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54542,362],{"class":50},[44,54544,55],{"class":54},[44,54546,2993],{"class":58},[44,54548,63],{"class":62},[44,54550,66],{"class":58},[44,54552,69],{"class":62},[44,54554,66],{"class":58},[44,54556,74],{"class":62},[44,54558,3006],{"class":58},[44,54560,54561],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,54562,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,54564,54565,54567,54569,54571],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,54566,397],{"class":50},[44,54568,86],{"class":58},[44,54570,90],{"class":89},[44,54572,93],{"class":58},[44,54574,54575,54577,54579,54581,54583],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,54576,100],{"class":99},[44,54578,103],{"class":58},[44,54580,397],{"class":89},[44,54582,3032],{"class":58},[44,54584,53768],{"class":3035},[347,54586,923,54588,54590],{"id":54587},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,54589,17],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,54592,54593,772,54595,54597],{},[15,54594,17],{},[15,54596,159],{},", not the list.",[35,54599,54601],{"className":37,"code":54600,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,54602,54603,54623,54637,54641,54653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54604,54605,54607,54609,54611,54613,54615,54617,54619,54621],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54606,362],{"class":50},[44,54608,55],{"class":54},[44,54610,2993],{"class":58},[44,54612,63],{"class":62},[44,54614,66],{"class":58},[44,54616,69],{"class":62},[44,54618,66],{"class":58},[44,54620,74],{"class":62},[44,54622,3006],{"class":58},[44,54624,54625,54627,54629,54631,54633,54635],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,54626,644],{"class":50},[44,54628,55],{"class":54},[44,54630,5336],{"class":50},[44,54632,86],{"class":58},[44,54634,90],{"class":89},[44,54636,93],{"class":58},[44,54638,54639],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,54640,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,54642,54643,54645,54647,54649,54651],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,54644,100],{"class":99},[44,54646,103],{"class":58},[44,54648,668],{"class":89},[44,54650,3032],{"class":58},[44,54652,20223],{"class":3035},[44,54654,54655,54657,54659,54661,54663],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,54656,100],{"class":99},[44,54658,103],{"class":58},[44,54660,397],{"class":89},[44,54662,3032],{"class":58},[44,54664,54014],{"class":3035},[347,54666,350,54668,54670],{"id":54667},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,54669,17],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,54672,54673,54674,54676],{},"Some types have a ",[15,54675,17],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,54678,54679],{},"This will fail:",[35,54681,54683],{"className":37,"code":54682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,54684,54685,54697],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54686,54687,54689,54691,54693,54695],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54688,34039],{"class":50},[44,54690,55],{"class":54},[44,54692,247],{"class":235},[44,54694,3214],{"class":239},[44,54696,2727],{"class":235},[44,54698,54699,54701,54703,54705],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,54700,34060],{"class":50},[44,54702,86],{"class":58},[44,54704,90],{"class":89},[44,54706,93],{"class":58},[20,54708,54709,54710,32951],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,54711,17],{},[20,54713,54714,54715,54717],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,54716,159],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,54719,54720],{},"Useful checks:",[35,54722,54724],{"className":37,"code":54723,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,54725,54726,54736,54750,54764,54773,54783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54727,54728,54730,54732,54734],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54729,100],{"class":99},[44,54731,103],{"class":58},[44,54733,7713],{"class":89},[44,54735,108],{"class":58},[44,54737,54738,54740,54742,54744,54746,54748],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,54739,100],{"class":99},[44,54741,103],{"class":58},[44,54743,985],{"class":121},[44,54745,103],{"class":58},[44,54747,7713],{"class":89},[44,54749,993],{"class":58},[44,54751,54752,54754,54756,54758,54760,54762],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,54753,100],{"class":99},[44,54755,103],{"class":58},[44,54757,12007],{"class":99},[44,54759,103],{"class":58},[44,54761,7713],{"class":89},[44,54763,993],{"class":58},[44,54765,54766,54768,54770],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,54767,42907],{"class":50},[44,54769,55],{"class":54},[44,54771,54772],{"class":50}," my_list\n",[44,54774,54775,54777,54779,54781],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,54776,7713],{"class":50},[44,54778,86],{"class":58},[44,54780,90],{"class":89},[44,54782,93],{"class":58},[44,54784,54785,54787,54789,54791],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,54786,100],{"class":99},[44,54788,103],{"class":58},[44,54790,30092],{"class":89},[44,54792,108],{"class":58},[20,54794,54795],{},"These can help you see:",[145,54797,54798,54801,54804],{},[148,54799,54800],{},"What the variable currently contains",[148,54802,54803],{},"Whether it is really a list",[148,54805,54806],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,54808,54809,54810,86],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[167,54811,54812],{"href":53658},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[131,54814,1196],{"id":1195},[347,54816,1212,54818,54820],{"id":54817},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,54819,53711],{}," delete the list?",[20,54822,54823],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[347,54825,1212,54827,54829],{"id":54826},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,54828,53711],{}," return a new list?",[20,54831,54832,54833,54835],{},"No. It returns ",[15,54834,159],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[347,54837,1234,54839,342,54841,1239],{"id":54838},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,54840,17],{},[15,54842,54217],{},[20,54844,54845,54847,54848,54850],{},[15,54846,17],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,54849,54217],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[347,54852,27677,54854,54856],{"id":54853},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,54855,17],{}," on other types?",[20,54858,54859,54860,54862],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,54861,17],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[131,54864,1251],{"id":1250},[145,54866,54867,54871,54876,54883,54889,54895],{},[148,54868,54869],{},[167,54870,52133],{"href":53930},[148,54872,54873],{},[167,54874,54875],{"href":54427},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[148,54877,54878],{},[167,54879,54880,54881,1272],{"href":54439},"Python list ",[15,54882,951],{},[148,54884,54885],{},[167,54886,54880,54887,1272],{"href":54432},[15,54888,944],{},[148,54890,54891],{},[167,54892,54880,54893,1272],{"href":54320},[15,54894,12133],{},[148,54896,54897],{},[167,54898,29696,54899,32984],{"href":53658},[15,54900,54901],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1294,54903,54904],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":54906},[54907,54908,54910,54911,54912,54913,54920,54921,54929,54939],{"id":2978,"depth":80,"text":2979},{"id":53776,"depth":80,"text":54909},"What list.clear() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":214,"depth":80,"text":215},{"id":595,"depth":80,"text":596},{"id":54088,"depth":80,"text":54914,"children":54915},"clear() vs assigning []",[54916,54918],{"id":54126,"depth":96,"text":54917},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54214,"depth":96,"text":54919},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":11796,"depth":80,"text":12165},{"id":783,"depth":80,"text":784,"children":54922},[54923,54925,54927],{"id":54447,"depth":96,"text":54924},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":54587,"depth":96,"text":54926},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":54667,"depth":96,"text":54928},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":54930},[54931,54933,54935,54937],{"id":54817,"depth":96,"text":54932},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":54826,"depth":96,"text":54934},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":54838,"depth":96,"text":54936},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":54853,"depth":96,"text":54938},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":53698,"description":54940},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":54947,"title":54948,"body":54949,"description":56634,"extension":1331,"meta":56635,"navigation":268,"path":56636,"seo":56637,"stem":56638,"__hash__":56639},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":54950,"toc":56602},[54951,54956,54962,54970,54972,55061,55068,55073,55077,55091,55093,55170,55172,55233,55236,55238,55240,55261,55264,55278,55281,55326,55328,55336,55339,55345,55351,55354,55431,55433,55478,55481,55486,55569,55571,55612,55617,55621,55627,55629,55637,55640,55733,55735,55793,55796,55812,55817,55827,55832,55834,55839,55844,55847,55849,55906,55909,55962,55968,55973,55977,55994,55996,56080,56082,56123,56131,56133,56138,56144,56146,56209,56214,56284,56288,56323,56326,56328,56367,56371,56447,56453,56459,56464,56486,56489,56508,56516,56518,56524,56527,56534,56542,56547,56550,56554,56560,56568,56571,56573,56599],[10,54952,53704,54954,18],{"id":54953},"python-list-copy-method",[15,54955,12133],{},[20,54957,54958,54961],{},[15,54959,54960],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,54963,54964,54965,601,54967,54969],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,54966,55],{},[30,54968,604],{}," make a real copy.",[131,54971,1372],{"id":1371},[35,54973,54975],{"className":37,"code":54974,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,54976,54977,54997,55012,55016,55031,55035,55048],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54978,54979,54981,54983,54985,54987,54989,54991,54993,54995],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54980,51],{"class":50},[44,54982,55],{"class":54},[44,54984,2993],{"class":58},[44,54986,63],{"class":62},[44,54988,66],{"class":58},[44,54990,69],{"class":62},[44,54992,66],{"class":58},[44,54994,74],{"class":62},[44,54996,3006],{"class":58},[44,54998,54999,55002,55004,55006,55008,55010],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,55000,55001],{"class":50},"new_numbers ",[44,55003,55],{"class":54},[44,55005,649],{"class":50},[44,55007,86],{"class":58},[44,55009,12268],{"class":89},[44,55011,93],{"class":58},[44,55013,55014],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,55015,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,55017,55018,55021,55023,55025,55027,55029],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,55019,55020],{"class":50},"new_numbers",[44,55022,86],{"class":58},[44,55024,12907],{"class":89},[44,55026,103],{"class":58},[44,55028,1875],{"class":62},[44,55030,108],{"class":58},[44,55032,55033],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,55034,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,55036,55037,55039,55041,55043,55045],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,55038,100],{"class":99},[44,55040,103],{"class":58},[44,55042,83],{"class":89},[44,55044,3032],{"class":58},[44,55046,55047],{"class":3035},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[44,55049,55050,55052,55054,55056,55058],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,55051,100],{"class":99},[44,55053,103],{"class":58},[44,55055,55020],{"class":89},[44,55057,3032],{"class":58},[44,55059,55060],{"class":3035},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55062,1462,55063,55065,55066,86],{},[15,55064,54960],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[30,55067,12207],{},[131,55069,134,55071,137],{"id":55070},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55072,54960],{},[20,55074,55075,2255],{},[15,55076,54960],{},[145,55078,55079,55082,55085,55088],{},[148,55080,55081],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[148,55083,55084],{},"Returns that new list",[148,55086,55087],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[148,55089,55090],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55092,1578],{},[35,55094,55096],{"className":37,"code":55095,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55097,55098,55130,55145,55149,55159],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55099,55100,55102,55104,55106,55108,55110,55112,55114,55116,55118,55120,55122,55124,55126,55128],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55101,35592],{"class":50},[44,55103,55],{"class":54},[44,55105,2993],{"class":58},[44,55107,236],{"class":235},[44,55109,3450],{"class":239},[44,55111,236],{"class":235},[44,55113,66],{"class":58},[44,55115,247],{"class":235},[44,55117,3459],{"class":239},[44,55119,236],{"class":235},[44,55121,66],{"class":58},[44,55123,247],{"class":235},[44,55125,32571],{"class":239},[44,55127,236],{"class":235},[44,55129,3006],{"class":58},[44,55131,55132,55135,55137,55139,55141,55143],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,55133,55134],{"class":50},"copied_fruits ",[44,55136,55],{"class":54},[44,55138,52213],{"class":50},[44,55140,86],{"class":58},[44,55142,12268],{"class":89},[44,55144,93],{"class":58},[44,55146,55147],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,55148,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,55150,55151,55153,55155,55157],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,55152,100],{"class":99},[44,55154,103],{"class":58},[44,55156,35644],{"class":89},[44,55158,108],{"class":58},[44,55160,55161,55163,55165,55168],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,55162,100],{"class":99},[44,55164,103],{"class":58},[44,55166,55167],{"class":89},"copied_fruits",[44,55169,108],{"class":58},[20,55171,111],{},[35,55173,55175],{"className":37,"code":55174,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55176,55177,55205],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55178,55179,55181,55183,55185,55187,55189,55191,55193,55195,55197,55199,55201,55203],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55180,3270],{"class":58},[44,55182,1018],{"class":235},[44,55184,3450],{"class":239},[44,55186,1018],{"class":235},[44,55188,66],{"class":58},[44,55190,1012],{"class":235},[44,55192,3459],{"class":239},[44,55194,1018],{"class":235},[44,55196,66],{"class":58},[44,55198,1012],{"class":235},[44,55200,32571],{"class":239},[44,55202,1018],{"class":235},[44,55204,3006],{"class":58},[44,55206,55207,55209,55211,55213,55215,55217,55219,55221,55223,55225,55227,55229,55231],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,55208,3270],{"class":58},[44,55210,1018],{"class":235},[44,55212,3450],{"class":239},[44,55214,1018],{"class":235},[44,55216,66],{"class":58},[44,55218,1012],{"class":235},[44,55220,3459],{"class":239},[44,55222,1018],{"class":235},[44,55224,66],{"class":58},[44,55226,1012],{"class":235},[44,55228,32571],{"class":239},[44,55230,1018],{"class":235},[44,55232,3006],{"class":58},[20,55234,55235],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[131,55237,175],{"id":174},[20,55239,1530],{},[35,55241,55243],{"className":37,"code":55242,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55244,55245],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55246,55247,55250,55252,55255,55257,55259],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55248,55249],{"class":50},"new_list ",[44,55251,55],{"class":54},[44,55253,55254],{"class":50}," old_list",[44,55256,86],{"class":58},[44,55258,12268],{"class":89},[44,55260,93],{"class":58},[20,55262,55263],{},"How it works:",[145,55265,55266,55272,55275],{},[148,55267,55268,55269,55271],{},"Call ",[15,55270,12133],{}," on an existing list",[148,55273,55274],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[148,55276,55277],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55279,55280],{},"Example with an empty list:",[35,55282,55284],{"className":37,"code":55283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55285,55286,55295,55311,55315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55287,55288,55291,55293],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55289,55290],{"class":50},"empty_list ",[44,55292,55],{"class":54},[44,55294,7211],{"class":58},[44,55296,55297,55300,55302,55305,55307,55309],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,55298,55299],{"class":50},"new_empty_list ",[44,55301,55],{"class":54},[44,55303,55304],{"class":50}," empty_list",[44,55306,86],{"class":58},[44,55308,12268],{"class":89},[44,55310,93],{"class":58},[44,55312,55313],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,55314,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,55316,55317,55319,55321,55324],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,55318,100],{"class":99},[44,55320,103],{"class":58},[44,55322,55323],{"class":89},"new_empty_list",[44,55325,108],{"class":58},[20,55327,111],{},[35,55329,55330],{"className":37,"code":37652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,55331,55332],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55333,55334],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55335,37652],{"class":58},[20,55337,55338],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[131,55340,55342,55343],{"id":55341},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55344,55],{},[20,55346,350,55347,601,55349,52029],{},[15,55348,55],{},[30,55350,604],{},[20,55352,55353],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[35,55355,55357],{"className":37,"code":55356,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55358,55359,55379,55388,55392,55407,55411,55421],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55360,55361,55363,55365,55367,55369,55371,55373,55375,55377],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55362,51],{"class":50},[44,55364,55],{"class":54},[44,55366,2993],{"class":58},[44,55368,63],{"class":62},[44,55370,66],{"class":58},[44,55372,69],{"class":62},[44,55374,66],{"class":58},[44,55376,74],{"class":62},[44,55378,3006],{"class":58},[44,55380,55381,55384,55386],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,55382,55383],{"class":50},"same_list ",[44,55385,55],{"class":54},[44,55387,43340],{"class":50},[44,55389,55390],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,55391,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,55393,55394,55397,55399,55401,55403,55405],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,55395,55396],{"class":50},"same_list",[44,55398,86],{"class":58},[44,55400,12907],{"class":89},[44,55402,103],{"class":58},[44,55404,1875],{"class":62},[44,55406,108],{"class":58},[44,55408,55409],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,55410,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,55412,55413,55415,55417,55419],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,55414,100],{"class":99},[44,55416,103],{"class":58},[44,55418,83],{"class":89},[44,55420,108],{"class":58},[44,55422,55423,55425,55427,55429],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,55424,100],{"class":99},[44,55426,103],{"class":58},[44,55428,55396],{"class":89},[44,55430,108],{"class":58},[20,55432,111],{},[35,55434,55436],{"className":37,"code":55435,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55437,55438,55458],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55439,55440,55442,55444,55446,55448,55450,55452,55454,55456],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55441,3270],{"class":58},[44,55443,63],{"class":62},[44,55445,66],{"class":58},[44,55447,69],{"class":62},[44,55449,66],{"class":58},[44,55451,74],{"class":62},[44,55453,66],{"class":58},[44,55455,1827],{"class":62},[44,55457,3006],{"class":58},[44,55459,55460,55462,55464,55466,55468,55470,55472,55474,55476],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,55461,3270],{"class":58},[44,55463,63],{"class":62},[44,55465,66],{"class":58},[44,55467,69],{"class":62},[44,55469,66],{"class":58},[44,55471,74],{"class":62},[44,55473,66],{"class":58},[44,55475,1827],{"class":62},[44,55477,3006],{"class":58},[20,55479,55480],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,55482,55483,55484,2255],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,55485,12133],{},[35,55487,55489],{"className":37,"code":55488,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,55490,55491,55511,55526,55530,55545,55549,55559],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55492,55493,55495,55497,55499,55501,55503,55505,55507,55509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55494,51],{"class":50},[44,55496,55],{"class":54},[44,55498,2993],{"class":58},[44,55500,63],{"class":62},[44,55502,66],{"class":58},[44,55504,69],{"class":62},[44,55506,66],{"class":58},[44,55508,74],{"class":62},[44,55510,3006],{"class":58},[44,55512,55513,55516,55518,55520,55522,55524],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,55514,55515],{"class":50},"copied_numbers ",[44,55517,55],{"class":54},[44,55519,649],{"class":50},[44,55521,86],{"class":58},[44,55523,12268],{"class":89},[44,55525,93],{"class":58},[44,55527,55528],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,55529,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,55531,55532,55535,55537,55539,55541,55543],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,55533,55534],{"class":50},"copied_numbers",[44,55536,86],{"class":58},[44,55538,12907],{"class":89},[44,55540,103],{"class":58},[44,55542,1875],{"class":62},[44,55544,108],{"class":58},[44,55546,55547],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,55548,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,55550,55551,55553,55555,55557],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,55552,100],{"class":99},[44,55554,103],{"class":58},[44,55556,83],{"class":89},[44,55558,108],{"class":58},[44,55560,55561,55563,55565,55567],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,55562,100],{"class":99},[44,55564,103],{"class":58},[44,55566,55534],{"class":89},[44,55568,108],{"class":58},[20,55570,111],{},[35,55572,55574],{"className":37,"code":55573,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55575,55576,55592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55577,55578,55580,55582,55584,55586,55588,55590],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55579,3270],{"class":58},[44,55581,63],{"class":62},[44,55583,66],{"class":58},[44,55585,69],{"class":62},[44,55587,66],{"class":58},[44,55589,74],{"class":62},[44,55591,3006],{"class":58},[44,55593,55594,55596,55598,55600,55602,55604,55606,55608,55610],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,55595,3270],{"class":58},[44,55597,63],{"class":62},[44,55599,66],{"class":58},[44,55601,69],{"class":62},[44,55603,66],{"class":58},[44,55605,74],{"class":62},[44,55607,66],{"class":58},[44,55609,1827],{"class":62},[44,55611,3006],{"class":58},[20,55613,55614,55615,86],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[167,55616,52133],{"href":50340},[131,55618,55620],{"id":55619},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,55622,55623,12204,55625,86],{},[15,55624,54960],{},[30,55626,12207],{},[20,55628,1477],{},[145,55630,55631,55634],{},[148,55632,55633],{},"The outer list is new",[148,55635,55636],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,55638,55639],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[35,55641,55643],{"className":37,"code":55642,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,55644,55645,55672,55686,55690,55709,55713,55723],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55646,55647,55649,55651,55654,55656,55658,55660,55662,55664,55666,55668,55670],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55648,11444],{"class":50},[44,55650,55],{"class":54},[44,55652,55653],{"class":58}," [[",[44,55655,63],{"class":62},[44,55657,66],{"class":58},[44,55659,69],{"class":62},[44,55661,17409],{"class":58},[44,55663,2993],{"class":58},[44,55665,1432],{"class":62},[44,55667,66],{"class":58},[44,55669,1827],{"class":62},[44,55671,52604],{"class":58},[44,55673,55674,55676,55678,55680,55682,55684],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,55675,13665],{"class":50},[44,55677,55],{"class":54},[44,55679,11519],{"class":50},[44,55681,86],{"class":58},[44,55683,12268],{"class":89},[44,55685,93],{"class":58},[44,55687,55688],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,55689,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,55691,55692,55694,55696,55698,55700,55702,55704,55707],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,55693,13684],{"class":50},[44,55695,3270],{"class":58},[44,55697,1490],{"class":62},[44,55699,12904],{"class":58},[44,55701,12907],{"class":89},[44,55703,103],{"class":58},[44,55705,55706],{"class":62},"99",[44,55708,108],{"class":58},[44,55710,55711],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,55712,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,55714,55715,55717,55719,55721],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,55716,100],{"class":99},[44,55718,103],{"class":58},[44,55720,11491],{"class":89},[44,55722,108],{"class":58},[44,55724,55725,55727,55729,55731],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,55726,100],{"class":99},[44,55728,103],{"class":58},[44,55730,13684],{"class":89},[44,55732,108],{"class":58},[20,55734,111],{},[35,55736,55738],{"className":37,"code":55737,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,55739,55740,55767],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55741,55742,55745,55747,55749,55751,55753,55755,55757,55759,55761,55763,55765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55743,55744],{"class":58},"[[",[44,55746,63],{"class":62},[44,55748,66],{"class":58},[44,55750,69],{"class":62},[44,55752,66],{"class":58},[44,55754,9565],{"class":62},[44,55756,17409],{"class":58},[44,55758,2993],{"class":58},[44,55760,1432],{"class":62},[44,55762,66],{"class":58},[44,55764,1827],{"class":62},[44,55766,52604],{"class":58},[44,55768,55769,55771,55773,55775,55777,55779,55781,55783,55785,55787,55789,55791],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,55770,55744],{"class":58},[44,55772,63],{"class":62},[44,55774,66],{"class":58},[44,55776,69],{"class":62},[44,55778,66],{"class":58},[44,55780,9565],{"class":62},[44,55782,17409],{"class":58},[44,55784,2993],{"class":58},[44,55786,1432],{"class":62},[44,55788,66],{"class":58},[44,55790,1827],{"class":62},[44,55792,52604],{"class":58},[20,55794,55795],{},"Why did both change?",[145,55797,55798,55805],{},[148,55799,55800,342,55802,55804],{},[15,55801,11491],{},[15,55803,13684],{}," are different outer lists",[148,55806,55807,55808,55811],{},"But the inner list ",[15,55809,55810],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,55813,53015,55814,55816],{},[15,55815,12133],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[145,55818,55819,55822,55825],{},[148,55820,55821],{},"Numbers",[148,55823,55824],{},"Strings",[148,55826,39951],{},[20,55828,55829,55830,86],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[167,55831,13145],{"href":13144},[131,55833,596],{"id":595},[20,55835,55836,55838],{},[15,55837,54960],{}," returns a new list.",[20,55840,40262,55841,55843],{},[30,55842,604],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,55845,55846],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,55848,862],{},[35,55850,55852],{"className":37,"code":55851,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,55853,55854,55878,55892,55896],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55855,55856,55858,55860,55862,55864,55866,55868,55870,55872,55874,55876],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55857,228],{"class":50},[44,55859,55],{"class":54},[44,55861,2993],{"class":58},[44,55863,236],{"class":235},[44,55865,240],{"class":239},[44,55867,236],{"class":235},[44,55869,66],{"class":58},[44,55871,247],{"class":235},[44,55873,259],{"class":239},[44,55875,236],{"class":235},[44,55877,3006],{"class":58},[44,55879,55880,55882,55884,55886,55888,55890],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,55881,12472],{"class":50},[44,55883,55],{"class":54},[44,55885,12477],{"class":50},[44,55887,86],{"class":58},[44,55889,12268],{"class":89},[44,55891,93],{"class":58},[44,55893,55894],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,55895,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,55897,55898,55900,55902,55904],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,55899,100],{"class":99},[44,55901,103],{"class":58},[44,55903,12496],{"class":89},[44,55905,108],{"class":58},[20,55907,55908],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[35,55910,55912],{"className":37,"code":55911,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,55913,55914,55938,55948,55952],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55915,55916,55918,55920,55922,55924,55926,55928,55930,55932,55934,55936],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55917,228],{"class":50},[44,55919,55],{"class":54},[44,55921,2993],{"class":58},[44,55923,236],{"class":235},[44,55925,240],{"class":239},[44,55927,236],{"class":235},[44,55929,66],{"class":58},[44,55931,247],{"class":235},[44,55933,259],{"class":239},[44,55935,236],{"class":235},[44,55937,3006],{"class":58},[44,55939,55940,55942,55944,55946],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,55941,274],{"class":50},[44,55943,86],{"class":58},[44,55945,12268],{"class":89},[44,55947,93],{"class":58},[44,55949,55950],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,55951,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,55953,55954,55956,55958,55960],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,55955,100],{"class":99},[44,55957,103],{"class":58},[44,55959,274],{"class":89},[44,55961,108],{"class":58},[20,55963,55964,55965,55967],{},"In the second example, ",[15,55966,12133],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[131,55969,4331,55971],{"id":55970},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,55972,54960],{},[20,55974,1462,55975,9969],{},[15,55976,54960],{},[145,55978,55979,55982,55985,55988],{},[148,55980,55981],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[148,55983,55984],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[148,55986,55987],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[148,55989,55990,55991],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,55992,55993],{},"[:]",[20,55995,1578],{},[35,55997,55999],{"className":37,"code":55998,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56000,56001,56021,56036,56040,56055,56059,56069],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56002,56003,56005,56007,56009,56011,56013,56015,56017,56019],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56004,4434],{"class":50},[44,56006,55],{"class":54},[44,56008,2993],{"class":58},[44,56010,1701],{"class":62},[44,56012,66],{"class":58},[44,56014,7163],{"class":62},[44,56016,66],{"class":58},[44,56018,7168],{"class":62},[44,56020,3006],{"class":58},[44,56022,56023,56026,56028,56030,56032,56034],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,56024,56025],{"class":50},"backup_scores ",[44,56027,55],{"class":54},[44,56029,4481],{"class":50},[44,56031,86],{"class":58},[44,56033,12268],{"class":89},[44,56035,93],{"class":58},[44,56037,56038],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,56039,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,56041,56042,56044,56046,56048,56050,56053],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,56043,15740],{"class":50},[44,56045,86],{"class":58},[44,56047,12907],{"class":89},[44,56049,103],{"class":58},[44,56051,56052],{"class":62},"40",[44,56054,108],{"class":58},[44,56056,56057],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,56058,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,56060,56061,56063,56065,56067],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,56062,100],{"class":99},[44,56064,103],{"class":58},[44,56066,15740],{"class":89},[44,56068,108],{"class":58},[44,56070,56071,56073,56075,56078],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,56072,100],{"class":99},[44,56074,103],{"class":58},[44,56076,56077],{"class":89},"backup_scores",[44,56079,108],{"class":58},[20,56081,111],{},[35,56083,56085],{"className":37,"code":56084,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56086,56087,56107],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56088,56089,56091,56093,56095,56097,56099,56101,56103,56105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56090,3270],{"class":58},[44,56092,1701],{"class":62},[44,56094,66],{"class":58},[44,56096,7163],{"class":62},[44,56098,66],{"class":58},[44,56100,7168],{"class":62},[44,56102,66],{"class":58},[44,56104,50204],{"class":62},[44,56106,3006],{"class":58},[44,56108,56109,56111,56113,56115,56117,56119,56121],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,56110,3270],{"class":58},[44,56112,1701],{"class":62},[44,56114,66],{"class":58},[44,56116,7163],{"class":62},[44,56118,66],{"class":58},[44,56120,7168],{"class":62},[44,56122,3006],{"class":58},[20,56124,56125,56126,86],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[167,56127,54880,56129,1272],{"href":56128},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56130,52014],{},[131,56132,784],{"id":783},[20,56134,56135,56136,86],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56137,54960],{},[347,56139,350,56141,56143],{"id":56140},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56142,55],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56145,38554],{},[35,56147,56149],{"className":37,"code":56148,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56150,56151,56171,56179,56193,56197],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56152,56153,56155,56157,56159,56161,56163,56165,56167,56169],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56154,1095],{"class":50},[44,56156,55],{"class":54},[44,56158,2993],{"class":58},[44,56160,63],{"class":62},[44,56162,66],{"class":58},[44,56164,69],{"class":62},[44,56166,66],{"class":58},[44,56168,74],{"class":62},[44,56170,3006],{"class":58},[44,56172,56173,56175,56177],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,56174,1122],{"class":50},[44,56176,55],{"class":54},[44,56178,1127],{"class":50},[44,56180,56181,56183,56185,56187,56189,56191],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,56182,1164],{"class":50},[44,56184,86],{"class":58},[44,56186,12907],{"class":89},[44,56188,103],{"class":58},[44,56190,1875],{"class":62},[44,56192,108],{"class":58},[44,56194,56195],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,56196,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,56198,56199,56201,56203,56205,56207],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,56200,100],{"class":99},[44,56202,103],{"class":58},[44,56204,167],{"class":89},[44,56206,3032],{"class":58},[44,56208,55060],{"class":3035},[20,56210,56211,56212,6002],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56213,12133],{},[35,56215,56217],{"className":37,"code":56216,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56218,56219,56239,56254,56268,56272],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56220,56221,56223,56225,56227,56229,56231,56233,56235,56237],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56222,1095],{"class":50},[44,56224,55],{"class":54},[44,56226,2993],{"class":58},[44,56228,63],{"class":62},[44,56230,66],{"class":58},[44,56232,69],{"class":62},[44,56234,66],{"class":58},[44,56236,74],{"class":62},[44,56238,3006],{"class":58},[44,56240,56241,56243,56245,56248,56250,56252],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,56242,1122],{"class":50},[44,56244,55],{"class":54},[44,56246,56247],{"class":50}," a",[44,56249,86],{"class":58},[44,56251,12268],{"class":89},[44,56253,93],{"class":58},[44,56255,56256,56258,56260,56262,56264,56266],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,56257,1164],{"class":50},[44,56259,86],{"class":58},[44,56261,12907],{"class":89},[44,56263,103],{"class":58},[44,56265,1875],{"class":62},[44,56267,108],{"class":58},[44,56269,56270],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,56271,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,56273,56274,56276,56278,56280,56282],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,56275,100],{"class":99},[44,56277,103],{"class":58},[44,56279,167],{"class":89},[44,56281,3032],{"class":58},[44,56283,54292],{"class":3035},[347,56285,56287],{"id":56286},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[35,56289,56291],{"className":37,"code":56290,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56292,56293,56313],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56294,56295,56297,56299,56301,56303,56305,56307,56309,56311],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56296,51],{"class":50},[44,56298,55],{"class":54},[44,56300,2993],{"class":58},[44,56302,63],{"class":62},[44,56304,66],{"class":58},[44,56306,69],{"class":62},[44,56308,66],{"class":58},[44,56310,74],{"class":62},[44,56312,3006],{"class":58},[44,56314,56315,56317,56319,56321],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,56316,83],{"class":50},[44,56318,86],{"class":58},[44,56320,12268],{"class":89},[44,56322,93],{"class":58},[20,56324,56325],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56327,38617],{},[35,56329,56331],{"className":37,"code":56330,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56332,56333,56353],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56334,56335,56337,56339,56341,56343,56345,56347,56349,56351],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56336,51],{"class":50},[44,56338,55],{"class":54},[44,56340,2993],{"class":58},[44,56342,63],{"class":62},[44,56344,66],{"class":58},[44,56346,69],{"class":62},[44,56348,66],{"class":58},[44,56350,74],{"class":62},[44,56352,3006],{"class":58},[44,56354,56355,56357,56359,56361,56363,56365],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,56356,55515],{"class":50},[44,56358,55],{"class":54},[44,56360,649],{"class":50},[44,56362,86],{"class":58},[44,56364,12268],{"class":89},[44,56366,93],{"class":58},[347,56368,56370],{"id":56369},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[35,56372,56374],{"className":37,"code":56373,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56375,56376,56394,56408,56412,56430,56434],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56377,56378,56380,56382,56384,56386,56388,56390,56392],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56379,1095],{"class":50},[44,56381,55],{"class":54},[44,56383,55653],{"class":58},[44,56385,63],{"class":62},[44,56387,17409],{"class":58},[44,56389,2993],{"class":58},[44,56391,1426],{"class":62},[44,56393,52604],{"class":58},[44,56395,56396,56398,56400,56402,56404,56406],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,56397,1122],{"class":50},[44,56399,55],{"class":54},[44,56401,56247],{"class":50},[44,56403,86],{"class":58},[44,56405,12268],{"class":89},[44,56407,93],{"class":58},[44,56409,56410],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,56411,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,56413,56414,56416,56418,56420,56422,56424,56426,56428],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,56415,1164],{"class":50},[44,56417,3270],{"class":58},[44,56419,1490],{"class":62},[44,56421,12904],{"class":58},[44,56423,12907],{"class":89},[44,56425,103],{"class":58},[44,56427,55706],{"class":62},[44,56429,108],{"class":58},[44,56431,56432],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,56433,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,56435,56436,56438,56440,56442,56444],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,56437,100],{"class":99},[44,56439,103],{"class":58},[44,56441,167],{"class":89},[44,56443,3032],{"class":58},[44,56445,56446],{"class":3035},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,56448,56449,56450,56452],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,56451,54960],{}," is shallow.",[347,56454,24965,56456,56458],{"id":56455},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,56457,12133],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,56460,56461,56463],{},[15,56462,12133],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[35,56465,56467],{"className":37,"code":56466,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,56468,56469,56481],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56470,56471,56473,56475,56477,56479],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56472,7249],{"class":50},[44,56474,55],{"class":54},[44,56476,247],{"class":235},[44,56478,4374],{"class":239},[44,56480,2727],{"class":235},[44,56482,56483],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,56484,56485],{"class":3035},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,56487,56488],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[35,56490,56492],{"className":37,"code":56491,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(name))\n",[15,56493,56494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56495,56496,56498,56500,56502,56504,56506],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56497,100],{"class":99},[44,56499,103],{"class":58},[44,56501,985],{"class":121},[44,56503,103],{"class":58},[44,56505,7041],{"class":89},[44,56507,993],{"class":58},[20,56509,56510,56511,56515],{},"You can also review ",[167,56512,56514],{"href":56513},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[131,56517,1196],{"id":1195},[347,56519,1212,56521,56523],{"id":56520},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,56522,54960],{}," change the original list?",[20,56525,56526],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[347,56528,1234,56530,342,56532,1239],{"id":56529},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,56531,54960],{},[15,56533,55],{},[20,56535,56536,56538,56539,56541],{},[15,56537,12133],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,56540,55],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[347,56543,14257,56545,14260],{"id":56544},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,56546,54960],{},[20,56548,56549],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[347,56551,56553],{"id":56552},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,56555,41509,56556,56559],{},[15,56557,56558],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[347,56561,14257,56563,56565,56566,1239],{"id":56562},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,56564,54960],{}," the same as ",[15,56567,55993],{},[20,56569,56570],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[131,56572,1251],{"id":1250},[145,56574,56575,56580,56584,56589,56595],{},[148,56576,56577],{},[167,56578,14318],{"href":56579},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[148,56581,56582],{},[167,56583,52133],{"href":50340},[148,56585,56586],{},[167,56587,56588],{"href":56513},"Creating a list in Python",[148,56590,56591],{},[167,56592,54880,56593,1272],{"href":56128},[15,56594,52014],{},[148,56596,56597],{},[167,56598,13145],{"href":13144},[1294,56600,56601],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":56603},[56604,56605,56607,56608,56610,56611,56612,56614,56622,56633],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":55070,"depth":80,"text":56606},"What list.copy() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":55341,"depth":80,"text":56609},"Why not use =",{"id":55619,"depth":80,"text":55620},{"id":595,"depth":80,"text":596},{"id":55970,"depth":80,"text":56613},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":783,"depth":80,"text":784,"children":56615},[56616,56618,56619,56620],{"id":56140,"depth":96,"text":56617},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56286,"depth":96,"text":56287},{"id":56369,"depth":96,"text":56370},{"id":56455,"depth":96,"text":56621},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":56623},[56624,56626,56628,56630,56631],{"id":56520,"depth":96,"text":56625},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56529,"depth":96,"text":56627},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":56544,"depth":96,"text":56629},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":56552,"depth":96,"text":56553},{"id":56562,"depth":96,"text":56632},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":54948,"description":56634},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":56641,"title":56642,"body":56643,"description":58385,"extension":1331,"meta":58386,"navigation":268,"path":58387,"seo":58388,"stem":58389,"__hash__":58390},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":56644,"toc":58344},[56645,56651,56657,56660,56671,56674,56676,56739,56745,56750,56754,56768,56771,56776,56781,56783,56785,56804,56816,56818,56885,56887,56895,56900,56902,56910,56913,56930,56932,57056,57067,57071,57076,57079,57081,57099,57103,57189,57198,57206,57275,57277,57280,57292,57297,57301,57372,57375,57379,57383,57448,57450,57458,57462,57545,57547,57555,57559,57620,57622,57630,57634,57721,57723,57731,57736,57741,57744,57755,57757,57842,57847,57856,57858,57862,57866,57871,57933,57937,57945,57951,57960,57965,58014,58017,58038,58042,58104,58111,58116,58119,58206,58209,58220,58223,58243,58245,58251,58254,58258,58262,58268,58271,58277,58284,58292,58303,58305,58341],[10,56646,53704,56648,18],{"id":56647},"python-list-count-method",[15,56649,56650],{},"count()",[20,56652,56653,56656],{},[15,56654,56655],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,56658,56659],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[145,56661,56662,56665,56668],{},[148,56663,56664],{},"count one specific item",[148,56666,56667],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[148,56669,56670],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,56672,56673],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[131,56675,2979],{"id":2978},[35,56677,56679],{"className":37,"code":56678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,56680,56681,56709,56727],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56682,56683,56685,56687,56689,56691,56693,56695,56697,56699,56701,56703,56705,56707],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56684,51],{"class":50},[44,56686,55],{"class":54},[44,56688,2993],{"class":58},[44,56690,63],{"class":62},[44,56692,66],{"class":58},[44,56694,69],{"class":62},[44,56696,66],{"class":58},[44,56698,69],{"class":62},[44,56700,66],{"class":58},[44,56702,74],{"class":62},[44,56704,66],{"class":58},[44,56706,69],{"class":62},[44,56708,3006],{"class":58},[44,56710,56711,56713,56715,56717,56719,56721,56723,56725],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,56712,644],{"class":50},[44,56714,55],{"class":54},[44,56716,649],{"class":50},[44,56718,86],{"class":58},[44,56720,40616],{"class":89},[44,56722,103],{"class":58},[44,56724,1426],{"class":62},[44,56726,108],{"class":58},[44,56728,56729,56731,56733,56735,56737],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,56730,100],{"class":99},[44,56732,103],{"class":58},[44,56734,668],{"class":89},[44,56736,3032],{"class":58},[44,56738,50131],{"class":3035},[20,56740,1462,56741,56744],{},[15,56742,56743],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[131,56746,134,56748,137],{"id":56747},"what-listcount-does",[15,56749,56655],{},[20,56751,56752,2255],{},[15,56753,56655],{},[145,56755,56756,56759,56762,56765],{},[148,56757,56758],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[148,56760,56761],{},"returns an integer",[148,56763,56764],{},"does not change the original list",[148,56766,56767],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,56769,56770],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,56772,56773,56774,86],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,56775,1432],{},[20,56777,56778,56779,86],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,56780,1490],{},[131,56782,175],{"id":174},[20,56784,1530],{},[35,56786,56788],{"className":37,"code":56787,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,56789,56790],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56791,56792,56794,56796,56798,56800,56802],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56793,7713],{"class":50},[44,56795,86],{"class":58},[44,56797,40616],{"class":89},[44,56799,103],{"class":58},[44,56801,1843],{"class":89},[44,56803,108],{"class":58},[145,56805,56806,56811],{},[148,56807,56808,56810],{},[15,56809,7713],{}," is the list you want to search",[148,56812,56813,56815],{},[15,56814,1843],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,56817,1578],{},[35,56819,56821],{"className":37,"code":56820,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,56822,56823,56863],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56824,56825,56827,56829,56831,56833,56835,56837,56839,56841,56843,56845,56847,56849,56851,56853,56855,56857,56859,56861],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56826,35444],{"class":50},[44,56828,55],{"class":54},[44,56830,2993],{"class":58},[44,56832,236],{"class":235},[44,56834,167],{"class":239},[44,56836,236],{"class":235},[44,56838,66],{"class":58},[44,56840,247],{"class":235},[44,56842,1164],{"class":239},[44,56844,236],{"class":235},[44,56846,66],{"class":58},[44,56848,247],{"class":235},[44,56850,167],{"class":239},[44,56852,236],{"class":235},[44,56854,66],{"class":58},[44,56856,247],{"class":235},[44,56858,9109],{"class":239},[44,56860,236],{"class":235},[44,56862,3006],{"class":58},[44,56864,56865,56867,56869,56871,56873,56875,56877,56879,56881,56883],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,56866,100],{"class":99},[44,56868,103],{"class":58},[44,56870,35497],{"class":89},[44,56872,86],{"class":58},[44,56874,40616],{"class":89},[44,56876,103],{"class":58},[44,56878,236],{"class":235},[44,56880,167],{"class":239},[44,56882,236],{"class":235},[44,56884,993],{"class":58},[20,56886,111],{},[35,56888,56889],{"className":37,"code":16406,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,56890,56891],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56892,56893],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56894,16406],{"class":62},[20,56896,56897,56898,86],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,56899,1490],{},[131,56901,37375],{"id":37374},[20,56903,56904,56905,56907,56908,86],{},"The return value from ",[15,56906,56650],{}," is always an ",[15,56909,1558],{},[20,56911,56912],{},"Possible results:",[145,56914,56915,56920,56925],{},[148,56916,56917,56919],{},[15,56918,1490],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[148,56921,56922,56924],{},[15,56923,63],{}," if it appears once",[148,56926,56927,56929],{},[15,56928,1426],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,56931,1578],{},[35,56933,56935],{"className":37,"code":56934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,56936,56937,56977,56981,57006,57031],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56938,56939,56941,56943,56945,56947,56949,56951,56953,56955,56957,56959,56961,56963,56965,56967,56969,56971,56973,56975],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56940,228],{"class":50},[44,56942,55],{"class":54},[44,56944,2993],{"class":58},[44,56946,236],{"class":235},[44,56948,240],{"class":239},[44,56950,236],{"class":235},[44,56952,66],{"class":58},[44,56954,247],{"class":235},[44,56956,259],{"class":239},[44,56958,236],{"class":235},[44,56960,66],{"class":58},[44,56962,247],{"class":235},[44,56964,250],{"class":239},[44,56966,236],{"class":235},[44,56968,66],{"class":58},[44,56970,247],{"class":235},[44,56972,259],{"class":239},[44,56974,236],{"class":235},[44,56976,3006],{"class":58},[44,56978,56979],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,56980,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,56982,56983,56985,56987,56989,56991,56993,56995,56997,56999,57001,57003],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,56984,100],{"class":99},[44,56986,103],{"class":58},[44,56988,274],{"class":89},[44,56990,86],{"class":58},[44,56992,40616],{"class":89},[44,56994,103],{"class":58},[44,56996,236],{"class":235},[44,56998,259],{"class":239},[44,57000,236],{"class":235},[44,57002,4730],{"class":58},[44,57004,57005],{"class":3035},"   # 2\n",[44,57007,57008,57010,57012,57014,57016,57018,57020,57022,57024,57026,57028],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,57009,100],{"class":99},[44,57011,103],{"class":58},[44,57013,274],{"class":89},[44,57015,86],{"class":58},[44,57017,40616],{"class":89},[44,57019,103],{"class":58},[44,57021,236],{"class":235},[44,57023,240],{"class":239},[44,57025,236],{"class":235},[44,57027,4730],{"class":58},[44,57029,57030],{"class":3035},"    # 1\n",[44,57032,57033,57035,57037,57039,57041,57043,57045,57047,57049,57051,57053],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,57034,100],{"class":99},[44,57036,103],{"class":58},[44,57038,274],{"class":89},[44,57040,86],{"class":58},[44,57042,40616],{"class":89},[44,57044,103],{"class":58},[44,57046,236],{"class":235},[44,57048,21871],{"class":239},[44,57050,236],{"class":235},[44,57052,4730],{"class":58},[44,57054,57055],{"class":3035}," # 0\n",[20,57057,57058,57059,57061,57062,57064,57065,86],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57060,56650],{}," works, but using ",[15,57063,3252],{}," is often simpler. See ",[167,57066,5569],{"href":5568},[131,57068,57070],{"id":57069},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57072,57073,57075],{},[15,57074,56655],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57077,57078],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57080,43008],{},[145,57082,57083,57086,57089,57096],{},[148,57084,57085],{},"matches are based on equality",[148,57087,57088],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[148,57090,57091,342,57093,57095],{},[15,57092,63],{},[15,57094,2974],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[148,57097,57098],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[347,57100,57102],{"id":57101},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[35,57104,57106],{"className":37,"code":57105,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57107,57108,57141,57165],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57109,57110,57112,57114,57116,57118,57120,57122,57124,57126,57129,57131,57133,57135,57137,57139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57111,3441],{"class":50},[44,57113,55],{"class":54},[44,57115,2993],{"class":58},[44,57117,236],{"class":235},[44,57119,3450],{"class":239},[44,57121,236],{"class":235},[44,57123,66],{"class":58},[44,57125,247],{"class":235},[44,57127,57128],{"class":239},"Apple",[44,57130,236],{"class":235},[44,57132,66],{"class":58},[44,57134,247],{"class":235},[44,57136,3450],{"class":239},[44,57138,236],{"class":235},[44,57140,3006],{"class":58},[44,57142,57143,57145,57147,57149,57151,57153,57155,57157,57159,57161,57163],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,57144,100],{"class":99},[44,57146,103],{"class":58},[44,57148,3485],{"class":89},[44,57150,86],{"class":58},[44,57152,40616],{"class":89},[44,57154,103],{"class":58},[44,57156,236],{"class":235},[44,57158,3450],{"class":239},[44,57160,236],{"class":235},[44,57162,4730],{"class":58},[44,57164,50776],{"class":3035},[44,57166,57167,57169,57171,57173,57175,57177,57179,57181,57183,57185,57187],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,57168,100],{"class":99},[44,57170,103],{"class":58},[44,57172,3485],{"class":89},[44,57174,86],{"class":58},[44,57176,40616],{"class":89},[44,57178,103],{"class":58},[44,57180,236],{"class":235},[44,57182,57128],{"class":239},[44,57184,236],{"class":235},[44,57186,4730],{"class":58},[44,57188,27128],{"class":3035},[20,57190,57191,342,57194,57197],{},[15,57192,57193],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57195,57196],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[347,57199,57201,342,57203,57205],{"id":57200},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57202,63],{},[15,57204,2974],{}," can match",[35,57207,57209],{"className":37,"code":57208,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57210,57211,57235,57255],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57212,57213,57215,57217,57219,57221,57223,57225,57227,57229,57231,57233],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57214,3191],{"class":50},[44,57216,55],{"class":54},[44,57218,2993],{"class":58},[44,57220,63],{"class":62},[44,57222,66],{"class":58},[44,57224,3286],{"class":692},[44,57226,66],{"class":58},[44,57228,69],{"class":62},[44,57230,66],{"class":58},[44,57232,4867],{"class":62},[44,57234,3006],{"class":58},[44,57236,57237,57239,57241,57243,57245,57247,57249,57251,57253],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,57238,100],{"class":99},[44,57240,103],{"class":58},[44,57242,4727],{"class":89},[44,57244,86],{"class":58},[44,57246,40616],{"class":89},[44,57248,103],{"class":58},[44,57250,63],{"class":62},[44,57252,4730],{"class":58},[44,57254,50279],{"class":3035},[44,57256,57257,57259,57261,57263,57265,57267,57269,57271,57273],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,57258,100],{"class":99},[44,57260,103],{"class":58},[44,57262,4727],{"class":89},[44,57264,86],{"class":58},[44,57266,40616],{"class":89},[44,57268,103],{"class":58},[44,57270,2974],{"class":692},[44,57272,4730],{"class":58},[44,57274,50131],{"class":3035},[20,57276,3781],{},[20,57278,57279],{},"In Python:",[145,57281,57282,57287],{},[148,57283,57284],{},[15,57285,57286],{},"True == 1",[148,57288,57289],{},[15,57290,57291],{},"False == 0",[20,57293,53015,57294,57296],{},[15,57295,56650],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[347,57298,57300],{"id":57299},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[35,57302,57304],{"className":37,"code":57303,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57305,57306,57348],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57307,57308,57310,57312,57314,57316,57318,57320,57322,57324,57326,57328,57330,57332,57334,57336,57338,57340,57342,57344,57346],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57309,362],{"class":50},[44,57311,55],{"class":54},[44,57313,55653],{"class":58},[44,57315,63],{"class":62},[44,57317,66],{"class":58},[44,57319,69],{"class":62},[44,57321,17409],{"class":58},[44,57323,2993],{"class":58},[44,57325,1432],{"class":62},[44,57327,66],{"class":58},[44,57329,1827],{"class":62},[44,57331,17409],{"class":58},[44,57333,2993],{"class":58},[44,57335,63],{"class":62},[44,57337,66],{"class":58},[44,57339,69],{"class":62},[44,57341,17409],{"class":58},[44,57343,2993],{"class":58},[44,57345,63],{"class":62},[44,57347,52604],{"class":58},[44,57349,57350,57352,57354,57356,57358,57360,57362,57364,57366,57368,57370],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,57351,100],{"class":99},[44,57353,103],{"class":58},[44,57355,397],{"class":89},[44,57357,86],{"class":58},[44,57359,40616],{"class":89},[44,57361,2357],{"class":58},[44,57363,63],{"class":62},[44,57365,66],{"class":58},[44,57367,69],{"class":62},[44,57369,4105],{"class":58},[44,57371,50776],{"class":3035},[20,57373,57374],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[131,57376,57378],{"id":57377},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[347,57380,57382],{"id":57381},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[35,57384,57386],{"className":37,"code":57385,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57387,57388,57416,57434,57438],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57389,57390,57392,57394,57396,57398,57400,57402,57404,57406,57408,57410,57412,57414],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57391,51],{"class":50},[44,57393,55],{"class":54},[44,57395,2993],{"class":58},[44,57397,1701],{"class":62},[44,57399,66],{"class":58},[44,57401,7163],{"class":62},[44,57403,66],{"class":58},[44,57405,5375],{"class":62},[44,57407,66],{"class":58},[44,57409,7168],{"class":62},[44,57411,66],{"class":58},[44,57413,5375],{"class":62},[44,57415,3006],{"class":58},[44,57417,57418,57420,57422,57424,57426,57428,57430,57432],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,57419,644],{"class":50},[44,57421,55],{"class":54},[44,57423,649],{"class":50},[44,57425,86],{"class":58},[44,57427,40616],{"class":89},[44,57429,103],{"class":58},[44,57431,1701],{"class":62},[44,57433,108],{"class":58},[44,57435,57436],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,57437,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,57439,57440,57442,57444,57446],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,57441,100],{"class":99},[44,57443,103],{"class":58},[44,57445,668],{"class":89},[44,57447,108],{"class":58},[20,57449,111],{},[35,57451,57452],{"className":37,"code":45976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,57453,57454],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57455,57456],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57457,45976],{"class":62},[347,57459,57461],{"id":57460},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[35,57463,57465],{"className":37,"code":57464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57466,57467,57509,57531,57535],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57468,57469,57471,57473,57475,57477,57479,57481,57483,57485,57488,57490,57492,57494,57496,57498,57500,57502,57505,57507],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57470,3441],{"class":50},[44,57472,55],{"class":54},[44,57474,2993],{"class":58},[44,57476,236],{"class":235},[44,57478,36401],{"class":239},[44,57480,236],{"class":235},[44,57482,66],{"class":58},[44,57484,247],{"class":235},[44,57486,57487],{"class":239},"dog",[44,57489,236],{"class":235},[44,57491,66],{"class":58},[44,57493,247],{"class":235},[44,57495,36401],{"class":239},[44,57497,236],{"class":235},[44,57499,66],{"class":58},[44,57501,247],{"class":235},[44,57503,57504],{"class":239},"bird",[44,57506,236],{"class":235},[44,57508,3006],{"class":58},[44,57510,57511,57513,57515,57517,57519,57521,57523,57525,57527,57529],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,57512,644],{"class":50},[44,57514,55],{"class":54},[44,57516,5539],{"class":50},[44,57518,86],{"class":58},[44,57520,40616],{"class":89},[44,57522,103],{"class":58},[44,57524,236],{"class":235},[44,57526,36401],{"class":239},[44,57528,236],{"class":235},[44,57530,108],{"class":58},[44,57532,57533],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,57534,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,57536,57537,57539,57541,57543],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,57538,100],{"class":99},[44,57540,103],{"class":58},[44,57542,668],{"class":89},[44,57544,108],{"class":58},[20,57546,111],{},[35,57548,57549],{"className":37,"code":16406,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,57550,57551],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57552,57553],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57554,16406],{"class":62},[347,57556,57558],{"id":57557},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[35,57560,57562],{"className":37,"code":57561,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57563,57564,57588,57606,57610],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57565,57566,57568,57570,57572,57574,57576,57578,57580,57582,57584,57586],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57567,51],{"class":50},[44,57569,55],{"class":54},[44,57571,2993],{"class":58},[44,57573,63],{"class":62},[44,57575,66],{"class":58},[44,57577,69],{"class":62},[44,57579,66],{"class":58},[44,57581,74],{"class":62},[44,57583,66],{"class":58},[44,57585,1827],{"class":62},[44,57587,3006],{"class":58},[44,57589,57590,57592,57594,57596,57598,57600,57602,57604],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,57591,644],{"class":50},[44,57593,55],{"class":54},[44,57595,649],{"class":50},[44,57597,86],{"class":58},[44,57599,40616],{"class":89},[44,57601,103],{"class":58},[44,57603,1507],{"class":62},[44,57605,108],{"class":58},[44,57607,57608],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,57609,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,57611,57612,57614,57616,57618],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,57613,100],{"class":99},[44,57615,103],{"class":58},[44,57617,668],{"class":89},[44,57619,108],{"class":58},[20,57621,111],{},[35,57623,57624],{"className":37,"code":46611,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,57625,57626],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57627,57628],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57629,46611],{"class":62},[347,57631,57633],{"id":57632},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[35,57635,57637],{"className":37,"code":57636,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57638,57639,57685,57707,57711],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57640,57641,57643,57645,57647,57649,57651,57653,57655,57657,57659,57661,57663,57665,57667,57669,57671,57673,57675,57677,57679,57681,57683],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57642,8536],{"class":50},[44,57644,55],{"class":54},[44,57646,55653],{"class":58},[44,57648,63],{"class":62},[44,57650,66],{"class":58},[44,57652,69],{"class":62},[44,57654,17409],{"class":58},[44,57656,2993],{"class":58},[44,57658,63],{"class":62},[44,57660,66],{"class":58},[44,57662,69],{"class":62},[44,57664,17409],{"class":58},[44,57666,2993],{"class":58},[44,57668,1426],{"class":62},[44,57670,66],{"class":58},[44,57672,74],{"class":62},[44,57674,17409],{"class":58},[44,57676,2993],{"class":58},[44,57678,63],{"class":62},[44,57680,66],{"class":58},[44,57682,69],{"class":62},[44,57684,52604],{"class":58},[44,57686,57687,57689,57691,57693,57695,57697,57699,57701,57703,57705],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,57688,644],{"class":50},[44,57690,55],{"class":54},[44,57692,13920],{"class":50},[44,57694,86],{"class":58},[44,57696,40616],{"class":89},[44,57698,2357],{"class":58},[44,57700,63],{"class":62},[44,57702,66],{"class":58},[44,57704,69],{"class":62},[44,57706,3258],{"class":58},[44,57708,57709],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,57710,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,57712,57713,57715,57717,57719],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,57714,100],{"class":99},[44,57716,103],{"class":58},[44,57718,668],{"class":89},[44,57720,108],{"class":58},[20,57722,111],{},[35,57724,57725],{"className":37,"code":45976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,57726,57727],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57728,57729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57730,45976],{"class":62},[131,57732,4331,57734],{"id":57733},"when-to-use-count",[15,57735,56650],{},[20,57737,1462,57738,57740],{},[15,57739,56650],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,57742,57743],{},"Good use cases:",[145,57745,57746,57749,57752],{},[148,57747,57748],{},"counting one specific item",[148,57750,57751],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[148,57753,57754],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,57756,1578],{},[35,57758,57760],{"className":37,"code":57759,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,57761,57762,57803,57827,57831],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57763,57764,57767,57769,57771,57773,57775,57777,57779,57781,57783,57785,57787,57789,57791,57793,57795,57797,57799,57801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57765,57766],{"class":50},"votes ",[44,57768,55],{"class":54},[44,57770,2993],{"class":58},[44,57772,236],{"class":235},[44,57774,8031],{"class":239},[44,57776,236],{"class":235},[44,57778,66],{"class":58},[44,57780,247],{"class":235},[44,57782,7971],{"class":239},[44,57784,236],{"class":235},[44,57786,66],{"class":58},[44,57788,247],{"class":235},[44,57790,8031],{"class":239},[44,57792,236],{"class":235},[44,57794,66],{"class":58},[44,57796,247],{"class":235},[44,57798,8031],{"class":239},[44,57800,236],{"class":235},[44,57802,3006],{"class":58},[44,57804,57805,57808,57810,57813,57815,57817,57819,57821,57823,57825],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,57806,57807],{"class":50},"yes_votes ",[44,57809,55],{"class":54},[44,57811,57812],{"class":50}," votes",[44,57814,86],{"class":58},[44,57816,40616],{"class":89},[44,57818,103],{"class":58},[44,57820,236],{"class":235},[44,57822,8031],{"class":239},[44,57824,236],{"class":235},[44,57826,108],{"class":58},[44,57828,57829],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,57830,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,57832,57833,57835,57837,57840],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,57834,100],{"class":99},[44,57836,103],{"class":58},[44,57838,57839],{"class":89},"yes_votes",[44,57841,108],{"class":58},[20,57843,57844,57846],{},[15,57845,56650],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,57848,57849,57850,342,57852,86],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[167,57851,52133],{"href":50340},[167,57853,57855],{"href":57854},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[131,57857,2200],{"id":2199},[20,57859,7821,57860,86],{},[15,57861,56655],{},[347,57863,57865],{"id":57864},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,57867,57868,57870],{},[15,57869,56655],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[35,57872,57874],{"className":37,"code":57873,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,57875,57876,57909],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57877,57878,57880,57882,57884,57886,57889,57891,57893,57895,57897,57899,57901,57903,57905,57907],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57879,3441],{"class":50},[44,57881,55],{"class":54},[44,57883,2993],{"class":58},[44,57885,236],{"class":235},[44,57887,57888],{"class":239},"apple pie",[44,57890,236],{"class":235},[44,57892,66],{"class":58},[44,57894,247],{"class":235},[44,57896,3459],{"class":239},[44,57898,236],{"class":235},[44,57900,66],{"class":58},[44,57902,247],{"class":235},[44,57904,57888],{"class":239},[44,57906,236],{"class":235},[44,57908,3006],{"class":58},[44,57910,57911,57913,57915,57917,57919,57921,57923,57925,57927,57929,57931],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,57912,100],{"class":99},[44,57914,103],{"class":58},[44,57916,3485],{"class":89},[44,57918,86],{"class":58},[44,57920,40616],{"class":89},[44,57922,103],{"class":58},[44,57924,236],{"class":235},[44,57926,3450],{"class":239},[44,57928,236],{"class":235},[44,57930,4730],{"class":58},[44,57932,50608],{"class":3035},[20,57934,1859,57935,1239],{},[15,57936,1490],{},[20,57938,1187,57939,57941,57942,86],{},[15,57940,57193],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,57943,57944],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,57946,57947,57948,86],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,57949,57950],{},"str.count()",[347,57952,923,57954,7829,57956,945,57958],{"id":57953},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,57955,56650],{},[15,57957,2974],{},[15,57959,3046],{},[20,57961,57962,57964],{},[15,57963,56650],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[35,57966,57968],{"className":37,"code":57967,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,57969,57970,57994],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57971,57972,57974,57976,57978,57980,57982,57984,57986,57988,57990,57992],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57973,51],{"class":50},[44,57975,55],{"class":54},[44,57977,2993],{"class":58},[44,57979,63],{"class":62},[44,57981,66],{"class":58},[44,57983,69],{"class":62},[44,57985,66],{"class":58},[44,57987,69],{"class":62},[44,57989,66],{"class":58},[44,57991,74],{"class":62},[44,57993,3006],{"class":58},[44,57995,57996,57998,58000,58002,58004,58006,58008,58010,58012],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,57997,100],{"class":99},[44,57999,103],{"class":58},[44,58001,83],{"class":89},[44,58003,86],{"class":58},[44,58005,40616],{"class":89},[44,58007,103],{"class":58},[44,58009,1426],{"class":62},[44,58011,4730],{"class":58},[44,58013,50776],{"class":3035},[20,58015,58016],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[35,58018,58020],{"className":37,"code":58019,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58021,58022],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58023,58024,58026,58028,58030,58032,58034,58036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58025,100],{"class":99},[44,58027,103],{"class":58},[44,58029,1426],{"class":62},[44,58031,20521],{"class":3245},[44,58033,649],{"class":89},[44,58035,3032],{"class":58},[44,58037,3036],{"class":3035},[347,58039,58041],{"id":58040},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[35,58043,58045],{"className":37,"code":58044,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58046,58047,58080],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58048,58049,58051,58053,58055,58057,58059,58061,58063,58065,58067,58069,58071,58073,58076,58078],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58050,4365],{"class":50},[44,58052,55],{"class":54},[44,58054,2993],{"class":58},[44,58056,236],{"class":235},[44,58058,7050],{"class":239},[44,58060,236],{"class":235},[44,58062,66],{"class":58},[44,58064,247],{"class":235},[44,58066,19566],{"class":239},[44,58068,236],{"class":235},[44,58070,66],{"class":58},[44,58072,247],{"class":235},[44,58074,58075],{"class":239},"SAM",[44,58077,236],{"class":235},[44,58079,3006],{"class":58},[44,58081,58082,58084,58086,58088,58090,58092,58094,58096,58098,58100,58102],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,58083,100],{"class":99},[44,58085,103],{"class":58},[44,58087,4409],{"class":89},[44,58089,86],{"class":58},[44,58091,40616],{"class":89},[44,58093,103],{"class":58},[44,58095,236],{"class":235},[44,58097,19566],{"class":239},[44,58099,236],{"class":235},[44,58101,4730],{"class":58},[44,58103,27128],{"class":3035},[20,58105,58106,58107,58110],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58108,58109],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[347,58112,28998,58114,32899],{"id":58113},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58115,56650],{},[20,58117,58118],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[35,58120,58122],{"className":37,"code":58121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58123,58124,58134,58148,58166,58180,58192],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58125,58126,58128,58130,58132],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58127,100],{"class":99},[44,58129,103],{"class":58},[44,58131,7713],{"class":89},[44,58133,108],{"class":58},[44,58135,58136,58138,58140,58142,58144,58146],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,58137,100],{"class":99},[44,58139,103],{"class":58},[44,58141,985],{"class":121},[44,58143,103],{"class":58},[44,58145,7713],{"class":89},[44,58147,993],{"class":58},[44,58149,58150,58152,58154,58156,58158,58160,58162,58164],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,58151,100],{"class":99},[44,58153,103],{"class":58},[44,58155,7713],{"class":89},[44,58157,86],{"class":58},[44,58159,40616],{"class":89},[44,58161,103],{"class":58},[44,58163,1843],{"class":89},[44,58165,993],{"class":58},[44,58167,58168,58170,58172,58174,58176,58178],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,58169,100],{"class":99},[44,58171,103],{"class":58},[44,58173,1817],{"class":89},[44,58175,3252],{"class":3245},[44,58177,7770],{"class":89},[44,58179,108],{"class":58},[44,58181,58182,58184,58186,58188,58190],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,58183,5328],{"class":3245},[44,58185,5331],{"class":50},[44,58187,3252],{"class":3245},[44,58189,7770],{"class":50},[44,58191,5764],{"class":58},[44,58193,58194,58196,58198,58200,58202,58204],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,58195,7442],{"class":99},[44,58197,103],{"class":58},[44,58199,41136],{"class":99},[44,58201,103],{"class":58},[44,58203,22658],{"class":89},[44,58205,993],{"class":58},[20,58207,58208],{},"These checks can help you see:",[145,58210,58211,58214,58217],{},[148,58212,58213],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[148,58215,58216],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[148,58218,58219],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58221,58222],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[145,58224,58225,58230,58233,58240],{},[148,58226,49852,58227,58229],{},[15,58228,56650],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[148,58231,58232],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[148,58234,10474,58235,58237,58238],{},[15,58236,56655],{}," with string ",[15,58239,56650],{},[148,58241,58242],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[131,58244,1196],{"id":1195},[347,58246,1212,58248,58250],{"id":58247},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58249,56655],{}," change the list?",[20,58252,58253],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[347,58255,58257],{"id":58256},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58259,11269,58260,86],{},[15,58261,1490],{},[347,58263,4538,58265,58267],{"id":58264},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58266,56655],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58269,58270],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[347,58272,14257,58274,58276],{"id":58273},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58275,56655],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58278,41509,58279,342,58281,58283],{},[15,58280,57196],{},[15,58282,57193],{}," are different values.",[347,58285,4526,58287,58289,58290,1239],{"id":58286},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58288,2974],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58291,63],{},[20,58293,8159,58294,58296,58297,342,58299,58296,58301,86],{},[15,58295,2974],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58298,63],{},[15,58300,3046],{},[15,58302,1490],{},[131,58304,1251],{"id":1250},[145,58306,58307,58311,58317,58321,58329,58336],{},[148,58308,58309],{},[167,58310,52133],{"href":50340},[148,58312,58313],{},[167,58314,58316],{"href":58315},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[148,58318,58319],{},[167,58320,6307],{"href":5568},[148,58322,58323],{},[167,58324,54880,58326,1272],{"href":58325},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58327,58328],{},"index()",[148,58330,58331],{},[167,58332,2945,58334],{"href":58333},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58335,41718],{},[148,58337,58338],{},[167,58339,58340],{"href":57854},"What is a list in Python",[1294,58342,58343],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":58345},[58346,58347,58349,58350,58351,58357,58363,58365,58373,58384],{"id":2978,"depth":80,"text":2979},{"id":56747,"depth":80,"text":58348},"What list.count() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":37374,"depth":80,"text":37375},{"id":57069,"depth":80,"text":57070,"children":58352},[58353,58354,58356],{"id":57101,"depth":96,"text":57102},{"id":57200,"depth":96,"text":58355},"1 and True can match",{"id":57299,"depth":96,"text":57300},{"id":57377,"depth":80,"text":57378,"children":58358},[58359,58360,58361,58362],{"id":57381,"depth":96,"text":57382},{"id":57460,"depth":96,"text":57461},{"id":57557,"depth":96,"text":57558},{"id":57632,"depth":96,"text":57633},{"id":57733,"depth":80,"text":58364},"When to use count()",{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200,"children":58366},[58367,58368,58370,58371],{"id":57864,"depth":96,"text":57865},{"id":57953,"depth":96,"text":58369},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58040,"depth":96,"text":58041},{"id":58113,"depth":96,"text":58372},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":58374},[58375,58377,58378,58380,58382],{"id":58247,"depth":96,"text":58376},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58256,"depth":96,"text":58257},{"id":58264,"depth":96,"text":58379},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58273,"depth":96,"text":58381},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58286,"depth":96,"text":58383},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":56642,"description":58385},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58392,"title":58393,"body":58394,"description":60357,"extension":1331,"meta":60358,"navigation":268,"path":60359,"seo":60360,"stem":60361,"__hash__":60362},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58395,"toc":60320},[58396,58399,58402,58404,58532,58536,58617,58628,58630,58649,58653,58656,58659,58677,58679,58722,58726,58751,58760,58764,58769,58772,58889,58893,58962,58966,58978,58982,58985,59026,59030,59043,59046,59131,59135,59168,59175,59181,59186,59188,59200,59204,59237,59241,59273,59277,59314,59318,59338,59342,59376,59380,59409,59420,59424,59427,59430,59443,59500,59504,59543,59549,59552,59554,59557,59561,59564,59589,59591,59616,59623,59626,59671,59675,59694,59697,59736,59743,59748,59782,59786,59887,59894,59927,59931,59957,59961,59964,60002,60005,60042,60046,60049,60068,60072,60133,60135,60153,60157,60160,60163,60192,60194,60198,60201,60209,60213,60216,60236,60242,60248,60252,60255,60262,60270,60272,60311,60317],[10,58397,58393],{"id":58398},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58400,58401],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[131,58403,2979],{"id":2978},[35,58405,58407],{"className":37,"code":58406,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58408,58409,58429,58461,58469,58487,58491,58501,58511,58522],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58410,58411,58413,58415,58417,58419,58421,58423,58425,58427],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58412,51],{"class":50},[44,58414,55],{"class":54},[44,58416,2993],{"class":58},[44,58418,63],{"class":62},[44,58420,66],{"class":58},[44,58422,69],{"class":62},[44,58424,66],{"class":58},[44,58426,74],{"class":62},[44,58428,3006],{"class":58},[44,58430,58431,58433,58435,58437,58439,58441,58443,58445,58447,58449,58451,58453,58455,58457,58459],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,58432,4365],{"class":50},[44,58434,55],{"class":54},[44,58436,2993],{"class":58},[44,58438,236],{"class":235},[44,58440,12237],{"class":239},[44,58442,236],{"class":235},[44,58444,66],{"class":58},[44,58446,247],{"class":235},[44,58448,35294],{"class":239},[44,58450,236],{"class":235},[44,58452,66],{"class":58},[44,58454,247],{"class":235},[44,58456,35303],{"class":239},[44,58458,236],{"class":235},[44,58460,3006],{"class":58},[44,58462,58463,58465,58467],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,58464,55290],{"class":50},[44,58466,55],{"class":54},[44,58468,7211],{"class":58},[44,58470,58471,58473,58475,58477,58479,58481,58483,58485],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,58472,35444],{"class":50},[44,58474,55],{"class":54},[44,58476,21907],{"class":121},[44,58478,103],{"class":58},[44,58480,236],{"class":235},[44,58482,40917],{"class":239},[44,58484,236],{"class":235},[44,58486,108],{"class":58},[44,58488,58489],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,58490,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,58492,58493,58495,58497,58499],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,58494,100],{"class":99},[44,58496,103],{"class":58},[44,58498,83],{"class":89},[44,58500,108],{"class":58},[44,58502,58503,58505,58507,58509],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,58504,100],{"class":99},[44,58506,103],{"class":58},[44,58508,4409],{"class":89},[44,58510,108],{"class":58},[44,58512,58513,58515,58517,58520],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,58514,100],{"class":99},[44,58516,103],{"class":58},[44,58518,58519],{"class":89},"empty_list",[44,58521,108],{"class":58},[44,58523,58524,58526,58528,58530],{"class":46,"line":5802},[44,58525,100],{"class":99},[44,58527,103],{"class":58},[44,58529,35497],{"class":89},[44,58531,108],{"class":58},[20,58533,58534],{},[30,58535,111],{},[35,58537,58539],{"className":37,"code":58538,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,58540,58541,58557,58585,58589],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58542,58543,58545,58547,58549,58551,58553,58555],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58544,3270],{"class":58},[44,58546,63],{"class":62},[44,58548,66],{"class":58},[44,58550,69],{"class":62},[44,58552,66],{"class":58},[44,58554,74],{"class":62},[44,58556,3006],{"class":58},[44,58558,58559,58561,58563,58565,58567,58569,58571,58573,58575,58577,58579,58581,58583],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,58560,3270],{"class":58},[44,58562,1018],{"class":235},[44,58564,12237],{"class":239},[44,58566,1018],{"class":235},[44,58568,66],{"class":58},[44,58570,1012],{"class":235},[44,58572,35294],{"class":239},[44,58574,1018],{"class":235},[44,58576,66],{"class":58},[44,58578,1012],{"class":235},[44,58580,35303],{"class":239},[44,58582,1018],{"class":235},[44,58584,3006],{"class":58},[44,58586,58587],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,58588,37652],{"class":58},[44,58590,58591,58593,58595,58597,58599,58601,58603,58605,58607,58609,58611,58613,58615],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,58592,3270],{"class":58},[44,58594,1018],{"class":235},[44,58596,167],{"class":239},[44,58598,1018],{"class":235},[44,58600,66],{"class":58},[44,58602,1012],{"class":235},[44,58604,1164],{"class":239},[44,58606,1018],{"class":235},[44,58608,66],{"class":58},[44,58610,1012],{"class":235},[44,58612,9109],{"class":239},[44,58614,1018],{"class":235},[44,58616,3006],{"class":58},[20,58618,58619,58620,58622,58623,58625,58626,86],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,58621,3157],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,58624,24129],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,58627,35551],{},[131,58629,14516],{"id":14515},[145,58631,58632,58635,58638,58641,58646],{},[148,58633,58634],{},"What a list is in Python",[148,58636,58637],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[148,58639,58640],{},"How to create an empty list",[148,58642,58643,58644,1673],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,58645,24129],{},[148,58647,58648],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[131,58650,58652],{"id":58651},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,58654,58655],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,58657,58658],{},"This means:",[145,58660,58661,58664,58667,58670],{},[148,58662,58663],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[148,58665,58666],{},"The order of items is kept",[148,58668,58669],{},"A list can hold different data types",[148,58671,58672,58673,58676],{},"A list is ",[30,58674,58675],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,58678,1578],{},[35,58680,58682],{"className":37,"code":58681,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,58683,58684,58708,58712],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58685,58686,58688,58690,58692,58694,58696,58698,58700,58702,58704,58706],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58687,362],{"class":50},[44,58689,55],{"class":54},[44,58691,2993],{"class":58},[44,58693,236],{"class":235},[44,58695,3450],{"class":239},[44,58697,236],{"class":235},[44,58699,66],{"class":58},[44,58701,5375],{"class":62},[44,58703,66],{"class":58},[44,58705,3286],{"class":692},[44,58707,3006],{"class":58},[44,58709,58710],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,58711,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,58713,58714,58716,58718,58720],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,58715,100],{"class":99},[44,58717,103],{"class":58},[44,58719,397],{"class":89},[44,58721,108],{"class":58},[20,58723,58724],{},[30,58725,111],{},[35,58727,58729],{"className":37,"code":58728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,58730,58731],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58732,58733,58735,58737,58739,58741,58743,58745,58747,58749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58734,3270],{"class":58},[44,58736,1018],{"class":235},[44,58738,3450],{"class":239},[44,58740,1018],{"class":235},[44,58742,66],{"class":58},[44,58744,5375],{"class":62},[44,58746,66],{"class":58},[44,58748,3286],{"class":692},[44,58750,3006],{"class":58},[20,58752,58753,58754,945,58757,86],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[167,58755,58756],{"href":50340},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[167,58758,58759],{"href":57854},"What is a List in Python?",[131,58761,58763],{"id":58762},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,58765,58619,58766,58768],{},[15,58767,3157],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,58770,58771],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[35,58773,58775],{"className":37,"code":58774,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,58776,58777,58797,58829,58854,58858,58868,58878],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58778,58779,58781,58783,58785,58787,58789,58791,58793,58795],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58780,51],{"class":50},[44,58782,55],{"class":54},[44,58784,2993],{"class":58},[44,58786,63],{"class":62},[44,58788,66],{"class":58},[44,58790,69],{"class":62},[44,58792,66],{"class":58},[44,58794,74],{"class":62},[44,58796,3006],{"class":58},[44,58798,58799,58801,58803,58805,58807,58809,58811,58813,58815,58817,58819,58821,58823,58825,58827],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,58800,4365],{"class":50},[44,58802,55],{"class":54},[44,58804,2993],{"class":58},[44,58806,236],{"class":235},[44,58808,12237],{"class":239},[44,58810,236],{"class":235},[44,58812,66],{"class":58},[44,58814,247],{"class":235},[44,58816,35294],{"class":239},[44,58818,236],{"class":235},[44,58820,66],{"class":58},[44,58822,247],{"class":235},[44,58824,35303],{"class":239},[44,58826,236],{"class":235},[44,58828,3006],{"class":58},[44,58830,58831,58834,58836,58838,58840,58842,58844,58846,58848,58850,58852],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,58832,58833],{"class":50},"mixed ",[44,58835,55],{"class":54},[44,58837,2993],{"class":58},[44,58839,1701],{"class":62},[44,58841,66],{"class":58},[44,58843,247],{"class":235},[44,58845,3214],{"class":239},[44,58847,236],{"class":235},[44,58849,66],{"class":58},[44,58851,3277],{"class":692},[44,58853,3006],{"class":58},[44,58855,58856],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,58857,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,58859,58860,58862,58864,58866],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,58861,100],{"class":99},[44,58863,103],{"class":58},[44,58865,83],{"class":89},[44,58867,108],{"class":58},[44,58869,58870,58872,58874,58876],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,58871,100],{"class":99},[44,58873,103],{"class":58},[44,58875,4409],{"class":89},[44,58877,108],{"class":58},[44,58879,58880,58882,58884,58887],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,58881,100],{"class":99},[44,58883,103],{"class":58},[44,58885,58886],{"class":89},"mixed",[44,58888,108],{"class":58},[20,58890,58891],{},[30,58892,111],{},[35,58894,58896],{"className":37,"code":58895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,58897,58898,58914,58942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58899,58900,58902,58904,58906,58908,58910,58912],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58901,3270],{"class":58},[44,58903,63],{"class":62},[44,58905,66],{"class":58},[44,58907,69],{"class":62},[44,58909,66],{"class":58},[44,58911,74],{"class":62},[44,58913,3006],{"class":58},[44,58915,58916,58918,58920,58922,58924,58926,58928,58930,58932,58934,58936,58938,58940],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,58917,3270],{"class":58},[44,58919,1018],{"class":235},[44,58921,12237],{"class":239},[44,58923,1018],{"class":235},[44,58925,66],{"class":58},[44,58927,1012],{"class":235},[44,58929,35294],{"class":239},[44,58931,1018],{"class":235},[44,58933,66],{"class":58},[44,58935,1012],{"class":235},[44,58937,35303],{"class":239},[44,58939,1018],{"class":235},[44,58941,3006],{"class":58},[44,58943,58944,58946,58948,58950,58952,58954,58956,58958,58960],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,58945,3270],{"class":58},[44,58947,1701],{"class":62},[44,58949,66],{"class":58},[44,58951,1012],{"class":235},[44,58953,3214],{"class":239},[44,58955,1018],{"class":235},[44,58957,66],{"class":58},[44,58959,3277],{"class":692},[44,58961,3006],{"class":58},[347,58963,58965],{"id":58964},"key-points","Key points",[145,58967,58968,58973,58975],{},[148,58969,1462,58970,58972],{},[15,58971,3157],{}," to make a new list",[148,58974,14786],{},[148,58976,58977],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[131,58979,58981],{"id":58980},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,58983,58984],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[35,58986,58988],{"className":37,"code":58987,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,58989,58990,58998,59002,59012],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58991,58992,58994,58996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58993,7682],{"class":50},[44,58995,55],{"class":54},[44,58997,7211],{"class":58},[44,58999,59000],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,59001,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,59003,59004,59006,59008,59010],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,59005,100],{"class":99},[44,59007,103],{"class":58},[44,59009,7713],{"class":89},[44,59011,108],{"class":58},[44,59013,59014,59016,59018,59020,59022,59024],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,59015,100],{"class":99},[44,59017,103],{"class":58},[44,59019,10529],{"class":99},[44,59021,103],{"class":58},[44,59023,7713],{"class":89},[44,59025,993],{"class":58},[20,59027,59028],{},[30,59029,111],{},[35,59031,59033],{"className":37,"code":59032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[]\n0\n",[15,59034,59035,59039],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59036,59037],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59038,37652],{"class":58},[44,59040,59041],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,59042,46611],{"class":62},[20,59044,59045],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[35,59047,59049],{"className":37,"code":59048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59050,59051,59059,59063,59081,59099,59117,59121],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59052,59053,59055,59057],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59054,4365],{"class":50},[44,59056,55],{"class":54},[44,59058,7211],{"class":58},[44,59060,59061],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,59062,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,59064,59065,59067,59069,59071,59073,59075,59077,59079],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,59066,4409],{"class":50},[44,59068,86],{"class":58},[44,59070,12907],{"class":89},[44,59072,103],{"class":58},[44,59074,236],{"class":235},[44,59076,12237],{"class":239},[44,59078,236],{"class":235},[44,59080,108],{"class":58},[44,59082,59083,59085,59087,59089,59091,59093,59095,59097],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,59084,4409],{"class":50},[44,59086,86],{"class":58},[44,59088,12907],{"class":89},[44,59090,103],{"class":58},[44,59092,236],{"class":235},[44,59094,35294],{"class":239},[44,59096,236],{"class":235},[44,59098,108],{"class":58},[44,59100,59101,59103,59105,59107,59109,59111,59113,59115],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,59102,4409],{"class":50},[44,59104,86],{"class":58},[44,59106,12907],{"class":89},[44,59108,103],{"class":58},[44,59110,236],{"class":235},[44,59112,35303],{"class":239},[44,59114,236],{"class":235},[44,59116,108],{"class":58},[44,59118,59119],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,59120,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,59122,59123,59125,59127,59129],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,59124,100],{"class":99},[44,59126,103],{"class":58},[44,59128,4409],{"class":89},[44,59130,108],{"class":58},[20,59132,59133],{},[30,59134,111],{},[35,59136,59138],{"className":37,"code":59137,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59139,59140],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59141,59142,59144,59146,59148,59150,59152,59154,59156,59158,59160,59162,59164,59166],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59143,3270],{"class":58},[44,59145,1018],{"class":235},[44,59147,12237],{"class":239},[44,59149,1018],{"class":235},[44,59151,66],{"class":58},[44,59153,1012],{"class":235},[44,59155,35294],{"class":239},[44,59157,1018],{"class":235},[44,59159,66],{"class":58},[44,59161,1012],{"class":235},[44,59163,35303],{"class":239},[44,59165,1018],{"class":235},[44,59167,3006],{"class":58},[20,59169,59170,59171,86],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[167,59172,59173,1272],{"href":56128},[15,59174,52014],{},[131,59176,59178,59179],{"id":59177},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59180,24129],{},[20,59182,1462,59183,59185],{},[15,59184,24129],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59187,4826],{},[145,59189,59190,59192,59194,59196],{},[148,59191,4677],{},[148,59193,4671],{},[148,59195,4674],{},[148,59197,59198],{},[15,59199,35551],{},[347,59201,59203],{"id":59202},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[35,59205,59207],{"className":37,"code":59206,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59208,59209,59227],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59210,59211,59213,59215,59217,59219,59221,59223,59225],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59212,35444],{"class":50},[44,59214,55],{"class":54},[44,59216,21907],{"class":121},[44,59218,103],{"class":58},[44,59220,236],{"class":235},[44,59222,40917],{"class":239},[44,59224,236],{"class":235},[44,59226,108],{"class":58},[44,59228,59229,59231,59233,59235],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,59230,100],{"class":99},[44,59232,103],{"class":58},[44,59234,35497],{"class":89},[44,59236,108],{"class":58},[20,59238,59239],{},[30,59240,111],{},[35,59242,59243],{"className":37,"code":42233,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,59244,59245],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59246,59247,59249,59251,59253,59255,59257,59259,59261,59263,59265,59267,59269,59271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59248,3270],{"class":58},[44,59250,1018],{"class":235},[44,59252,167],{"class":239},[44,59254,1018],{"class":235},[44,59256,66],{"class":58},[44,59258,1012],{"class":235},[44,59260,1164],{"class":239},[44,59262,1018],{"class":235},[44,59264,66],{"class":58},[44,59266,1012],{"class":235},[44,59268,9109],{"class":239},[44,59270,1018],{"class":235},[44,59272,3006],{"class":58},[347,59274,59276],{"id":59275},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[35,59278,59280],{"className":37,"code":59279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59281,59282,59304],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59283,59284,59286,59288,59290,59292,59294,59296,59298,59300,59302],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59285,51],{"class":50},[44,59287,55],{"class":54},[44,59289,21907],{"class":121},[44,59291,4880],{"class":58},[44,59293,63],{"class":62},[44,59295,66],{"class":58},[44,59297,69],{"class":62},[44,59299,66],{"class":58},[44,59301,74],{"class":62},[44,59303,993],{"class":58},[44,59305,59306,59308,59310,59312],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,59307,100],{"class":99},[44,59309,103],{"class":58},[44,59311,83],{"class":89},[44,59313,108],{"class":58},[20,59315,59316],{},[30,59317,111],{},[35,59319,59320],{"className":37,"code":54510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,59321,59322],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59323,59324,59326,59328,59330,59332,59334,59336],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59325,3270],{"class":58},[44,59327,63],{"class":62},[44,59329,66],{"class":58},[44,59331,69],{"class":62},[44,59333,66],{"class":58},[44,59335,74],{"class":62},[44,59337,3006],{"class":58},[347,59339,59341],{"id":59340},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[35,59343,59345],{"className":37,"code":59344,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59346,59347,59366],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59348,59349,59351,59353,59355,59357,59360,59362,59364],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59350,3191],{"class":50},[44,59352,55],{"class":54},[44,59354,21907],{"class":121},[44,59356,103],{"class":58},[44,59358,59359],{"class":99},"range",[44,59361,103],{"class":58},[44,59363,1507],{"class":62},[44,59365,993],{"class":58},[44,59367,59368,59370,59372,59374],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,59369,100],{"class":99},[44,59371,103],{"class":58},[44,59373,4727],{"class":89},[44,59375,108],{"class":58},[20,59377,59378],{},[30,59379,111],{},[35,59381,59383],{"className":37,"code":59382,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59384,59385],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59386,59387,59389,59391,59393,59395,59397,59399,59401,59403,59405,59407],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59388,3270],{"class":58},[44,59390,1490],{"class":62},[44,59392,66],{"class":58},[44,59394,4867],{"class":62},[44,59396,66],{"class":58},[44,59398,69],{"class":62},[44,59400,66],{"class":58},[44,59402,74],{"class":62},[44,59404,66],{"class":58},[44,59406,1827],{"class":62},[44,59408,3006],{"class":58},[20,59410,59411,59413,59414,86],{},[15,59412,24129],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[167,59415,59417,59419],{"href":59416},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59418,24129],{},": Function Explained",[131,59421,59423],{"id":59422},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59425,59426],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59428,59429],{},"Examples include:",[145,59431,59432,59434,59436,59438,59440],{},[148,59433,4677],{},[148,59435,39780],{},[148,59437,51407],{},[148,59439,39950],{},[148,59441,59442],{},"other lists",[35,59444,59446],{"className":37,"code":59445,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,59447,59448,59486,59490],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59449,59450,59452,59454,59456,59458,59460,59462,59464,59466,59468,59470,59472,59474,59476,59478,59480,59482,59484],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59451,8536],{"class":50},[44,59453,55],{"class":54},[44,59455,2993],{"class":58},[44,59457,236],{"class":235},[44,59459,12237],{"class":239},[44,59461,236],{"class":235},[44,59463,66],{"class":58},[44,59465,8676],{"class":62},[44,59467,66],{"class":58},[44,59469,3286],{"class":692},[44,59471,66],{"class":58},[44,59473,2993],{"class":58},[44,59475,63],{"class":62},[44,59477,66],{"class":58},[44,59479,69],{"class":62},[44,59481,66],{"class":58},[44,59483,74],{"class":62},[44,59485,52604],{"class":58},[44,59487,59488],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,59489,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,59491,59492,59494,59496,59498],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,59493,100],{"class":99},[44,59495,103],{"class":58},[44,59497,8575],{"class":89},[44,59499,108],{"class":58},[20,59501,59502],{},[30,59503,111],{},[35,59505,59507],{"className":37,"code":59506,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,59508,59509],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59510,59511,59513,59515,59517,59519,59521,59523,59525,59527,59529,59531,59533,59535,59537,59539,59541],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59512,3270],{"class":58},[44,59514,1018],{"class":235},[44,59516,12237],{"class":239},[44,59518,1018],{"class":235},[44,59520,66],{"class":58},[44,59522,8676],{"class":62},[44,59524,66],{"class":58},[44,59526,3286],{"class":692},[44,59528,66],{"class":58},[44,59530,2993],{"class":58},[44,59532,63],{"class":62},[44,59534,66],{"class":58},[44,59536,69],{"class":62},[44,59538,66],{"class":58},[44,59540,74],{"class":62},[44,59542,52604],{"class":58},[20,59544,59545,59546,86],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[30,59547,59548],{},"nested list",[20,59550,59551],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[131,59553,784],{"id":783},[20,59555,59556],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[347,59558,59560],{"id":59559},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,59562,59563],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[35,59565,59567],{"className":37,"code":59566,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,59568,59569,59573],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59570,59571],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59572,3905],{"class":3035},[44,59574,59575,59577,59579,59581,59583,59585,59587],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,59576,51],{"class":50},[44,59578,55],{"class":54},[44,59580,2993],{"class":58},[44,59582,63],{"class":62},[44,59584,69],{"class":62},[44,59586,74],{"class":62},[44,59588,3006],{"class":58},[20,59590,10174],{},[35,59592,59594],{"className":37,"code":59593,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,59595,59596],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59597,59598,59600,59602,59604,59606,59608,59610,59612,59614],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59599,51],{"class":50},[44,59601,55],{"class":54},[44,59603,2993],{"class":58},[44,59605,63],{"class":62},[44,59607,66],{"class":58},[44,59609,69],{"class":62},[44,59611,66],{"class":58},[44,59613,74],{"class":62},[44,59615,3006],{"class":58},[347,59617,350,59619,10459,59621],{"id":59618},"using-instead-of",[15,59620,6738],{},[15,59622,3157],{},[20,59624,59625],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[35,59627,59629],{"className":37,"code":59628,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59630,59631,59652,59656],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59632,59633,59636,59638,59640,59642,59644,59646,59648,59650],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59634,59635],{"class":50},"my_values ",[44,59637,55],{"class":54},[44,59639,8607],{"class":58},[44,59641,63],{"class":62},[44,59643,66],{"class":58},[44,59645,69],{"class":62},[44,59647,66],{"class":58},[44,59649,74],{"class":62},[44,59651,108],{"class":58},[44,59653,59654],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,59655,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,59657,59658,59660,59662,59664,59666,59669],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,59659,100],{"class":99},[44,59661,103],{"class":58},[44,59663,985],{"class":121},[44,59665,103],{"class":58},[44,59667,59668],{"class":89},"my_values",[44,59670,993],{"class":58},[20,59672,59673],{},[30,59674,111],{},[35,59676,59678],{"className":37,"code":59677,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,59679,59680],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59681,59682,59684,59686,59688,59690,59692],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59683,1005],{"class":54},[44,59685,1009],{"class":1008},[44,59687,1012],{"class":235},[44,59689,48313],{"class":239},[44,59691,1018],{"class":235},[44,59693,1021],{"class":54},[20,59695,59696],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[35,59698,59700],{"className":37,"code":59699,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59701,59702,59722],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59703,59704,59706,59708,59710,59712,59714,59716,59718,59720],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59705,59635],{"class":50},[44,59707,55],{"class":54},[44,59709,2993],{"class":58},[44,59711,63],{"class":62},[44,59713,66],{"class":58},[44,59715,69],{"class":62},[44,59717,66],{"class":58},[44,59719,74],{"class":62},[44,59721,3006],{"class":58},[44,59723,59724,59726,59728,59730,59732,59734],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,59725,100],{"class":99},[44,59727,103],{"class":58},[44,59729,985],{"class":121},[44,59731,103],{"class":58},[44,59733,59668],{"class":89},[44,59735,993],{"class":58},[347,59737,923,59739,59742],{"id":59738},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,59740,59741],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,59744,59745,59747],{},[15,59746,24129],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[35,59749,59751],{"className":37,"code":59750,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,59752,59753,59772],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59754,59755,59757,59759,59761,59763,59765,59768,59770],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59756,644],{"class":50},[44,59758,55],{"class":54},[44,59760,21907],{"class":121},[44,59762,103],{"class":58},[44,59764,236],{"class":235},[44,59766,59767],{"class":239},"hello world",[44,59769,236],{"class":235},[44,59771,108],{"class":58},[44,59773,59774,59776,59778,59780],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,59775,100],{"class":99},[44,59777,103],{"class":58},[44,59779,668],{"class":89},[44,59781,108],{"class":58},[20,59783,59784],{},[30,59785,111],{},[35,59787,59789],{"className":37,"code":59788,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,59790,59791],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59792,59793,59795,59797,59800,59802,59804,59806,59809,59811,59813,59815,59818,59820,59822,59824,59826,59828,59830,59832,59835,59837,59839,59841,59843,59845,59847,59850,59852,59854,59856,59858,59860,59862,59864,59867,59869,59871,59873,59875,59877,59879,59881,59883,59885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59794,3270],{"class":58},[44,59796,1018],{"class":235},[44,59798,59799],{"class":239},"h",[44,59801,1018],{"class":235},[44,59803,66],{"class":58},[44,59805,1012],{"class":235},[44,59807,59808],{"class":239},"e",[44,59810,1018],{"class":235},[44,59812,66],{"class":58},[44,59814,1012],{"class":235},[44,59816,59817],{"class":239},"l",[44,59819,1018],{"class":235},[44,59821,66],{"class":58},[44,59823,1012],{"class":235},[44,59825,59817],{"class":239},[44,59827,1018],{"class":235},[44,59829,66],{"class":58},[44,59831,1012],{"class":235},[44,59833,59834],{"class":239},"o",[44,59836,1018],{"class":235},[44,59838,66],{"class":58},[44,59840,1012],{"class":235},[44,59842,1012],{"class":235},[44,59844,66],{"class":58},[44,59846,1012],{"class":235},[44,59848,59849],{"class":239},"w",[44,59851,1018],{"class":235},[44,59853,66],{"class":58},[44,59855,1012],{"class":235},[44,59857,59834],{"class":239},[44,59859,1018],{"class":235},[44,59861,66],{"class":58},[44,59863,1012],{"class":235},[44,59865,59866],{"class":239},"r",[44,59868,1018],{"class":235},[44,59870,66],{"class":58},[44,59872,1012],{"class":235},[44,59874,59817],{"class":239},[44,59876,1018],{"class":235},[44,59878,66],{"class":58},[44,59880,1012],{"class":235},[44,59882,18115],{"class":239},[44,59884,1018],{"class":235},[44,59886,3006],{"class":58},[20,59888,59889,59890,59893],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,59891,59892],{},"split()"," instead:",[35,59895,59897],{"className":37,"code":59896,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,59898,59899,59917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59900,59901,59903,59905,59907,59909,59911,59913,59915],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59902,3441],{"class":50},[44,59904,55],{"class":54},[44,59906,247],{"class":235},[44,59908,59767],{"class":239},[44,59910,236],{"class":235},[44,59912,86],{"class":58},[44,59914,33820],{"class":89},[44,59916,93],{"class":58},[44,59918,59919,59921,59923,59925],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,59920,100],{"class":99},[44,59922,103],{"class":58},[44,59924,3485],{"class":89},[44,59926,108],{"class":58},[20,59928,59929],{},[30,59930,111],{},[35,59932,59934],{"className":37,"code":59933,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,59935,59936],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59937,59938,59940,59942,59944,59946,59948,59950,59953,59955],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59939,3270],{"class":58},[44,59941,1018],{"class":235},[44,59943,3214],{"class":239},[44,59945,1018],{"class":235},[44,59947,66],{"class":58},[44,59949,1012],{"class":235},[44,59951,59952],{"class":239},"world",[44,59954,1018],{"class":235},[44,59956,3006],{"class":58},[347,59958,59960],{"id":59959},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,59962,59963],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[35,59965,59967],{"className":37,"code":59966,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,59968,59969,59973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59970,59971],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59972,3905],{"class":3035},[44,59974,59975,59977,59979,59981,59983,59985,59987,59989,59991,59994,59996,59998,60000],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,59976,4365],{"class":50},[44,59978,55],{"class":54},[44,59980,2993],{"class":58},[44,59982,236],{"class":235},[44,59984,12237],{"class":239},[44,59986,236],{"class":235},[44,59988,66],{"class":58},[44,59990,247],{"class":235},[44,59992,59993],{"class":239},"Ben', ",[44,59995,236],{"class":235},[44,59997,35303],{"class":50},[44,59999,236],{"class":235},[44,60001,3006],{"class":239},[20,60003,60004],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[35,60006,60008],{"className":37,"code":60007,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60009,60010],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60011,60012,60014,60016,60018,60020,60022,60024,60026,60028,60030,60032,60034,60036,60038,60040],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60013,4365],{"class":50},[44,60015,55],{"class":54},[44,60017,2993],{"class":58},[44,60019,236],{"class":235},[44,60021,12237],{"class":239},[44,60023,236],{"class":235},[44,60025,66],{"class":58},[44,60027,247],{"class":235},[44,60029,35294],{"class":239},[44,60031,236],{"class":235},[44,60033,66],{"class":58},[44,60035,247],{"class":235},[44,60037,35303],{"class":239},[44,60039,236],{"class":235},[44,60041,3006],{"class":58},[347,60043,60045],{"id":60044},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60047,60048],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[145,60050,60051,60054,60057,60062],{},[148,60052,60053],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[148,60055,60056],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[148,60058,60059,60060],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60061,24129],{},[148,60063,923,60064,60067],{},[15,60065,60066],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[347,60069,60071],{"id":60070},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[35,60073,60075],{"className":37,"code":60074,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60076,60077,60087,60101,60115],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60078,60079,60081,60083,60085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60080,100],{"class":99},[44,60082,103],{"class":58},[44,60084,7713],{"class":89},[44,60086,108],{"class":58},[44,60088,60089,60091,60093,60095,60097,60099],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,60090,100],{"class":99},[44,60092,103],{"class":58},[44,60094,985],{"class":121},[44,60096,103],{"class":58},[44,60098,7713],{"class":89},[44,60100,993],{"class":58},[44,60102,60103,60105,60107,60109,60111,60113],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,60104,100],{"class":99},[44,60106,103],{"class":58},[44,60108,10529],{"class":99},[44,60110,103],{"class":58},[44,60112,7713],{"class":89},[44,60114,993],{"class":58},[44,60116,60117,60119,60121,60123,60125,60127,60129,60131],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,60118,100],{"class":99},[44,60120,103],{"class":58},[44,60122,7467],{"class":121},[44,60124,103],{"class":58},[44,60126,59359],{"class":99},[44,60128,103],{"class":58},[44,60130,1507],{"class":62},[44,60132,2283],{"class":58},[20,60134,25356],{},[145,60136,60137,60140,60143,60146],{},[148,60138,60139],{},"what the list contains",[148,60141,60142],{},"whether the value is really a list",[148,60144,60145],{},"how many items it has",[148,60147,25367,60148,60150,60151],{},[15,60149,24129],{}," does with ",[15,60152,35551],{},[131,60154,60156],{"id":60155},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60158,60159],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60161,60162],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[145,60164,60165,60180,60185],{},[148,60166,1462,60167,1559,60171,16422,60175,60179],{},[167,60168,60169],{"href":56128},[15,60170,52014],{},[167,60172,60173],{"href":52706},[15,60174,52808],{},[167,60176,60177],{"href":53270},[15,60178,53630],{}," to add items later",[148,60181,1462,60182,60184],{},[167,60183,58756],{"href":50340}," for a broader introduction",[148,60186,1462,60187,60191],{},[167,60188,60189,59419],{"href":59416},[15,60190,24129],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[131,60193,1196],{"id":1195},[347,60195,60197],{"id":60196},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60199,60200],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[35,60202,60203],{"className":37,"code":37652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,60204,60205],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60206,60207],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60208,37652],{"class":58},[347,60210,60212],{"id":60211},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60214,60215],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[35,60217,60218],{"className":37,"code":54510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,60219,60220],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60221,60222,60224,60226,60228,60230,60232,60234],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60223,3270],{"class":58},[44,60225,63],{"class":62},[44,60227,66],{"class":58},[44,60229,69],{"class":62},[44,60231,66],{"class":58},[44,60233,74],{"class":62},[44,60235,3006],{"class":58},[347,60237,1200,60239,60241],{"id":60238},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60240,24129],{}," do in Python?",[20,60243,60244,60245,60247],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60246,35551],{},", into a list.",[347,60249,60251],{"id":60250},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60253,60254],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[347,60256,1234,60258,342,60260,1239],{"id":60257},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60259,3157],{},[15,60261,6738],{},[20,60263,60264,60266,60267,60269],{},[15,60265,3157],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60268,6738],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[131,60271,1251],{"id":1250},[145,60273,60274,60278,60284,60290,60296,60302,60306],{},[148,60275,60276],{},[167,60277,58756],{"href":50340},[148,60279,60280],{},[167,60281,54880,60282,18],{"href":56128},[15,60283,52014],{},[148,60285,60286],{},[167,60287,54880,60288,18],{"href":52706},[15,60289,52808],{},[148,60291,60292],{},[167,60293,54880,60294,18],{"href":53270},[15,60295,53630],{},[148,60297,60298],{},[167,60299,2945,60300,2949],{"href":59416},[15,60301,24129],{},[148,60303,60304],{},[167,60305,58759],{"href":57854},[148,60307,60308],{},[167,60309,60310],{"href":11423},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60312,60313,60314,60316],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60315,52014],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1294,60318,60319],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":60321},[60322,60323,60324,60325,60328,60329,60335,60336,60346,60347,60356],{"id":2978,"depth":80,"text":2979},{"id":14515,"depth":80,"text":14516},{"id":58651,"depth":80,"text":58652},{"id":58762,"depth":80,"text":58763,"children":60326},[60327],{"id":58964,"depth":96,"text":58965},{"id":58980,"depth":80,"text":58981},{"id":59177,"depth":80,"text":60330,"children":60331},"Create a list with list()",[60332,60333,60334],{"id":59202,"depth":96,"text":59203},{"id":59275,"depth":96,"text":59276},{"id":59340,"depth":96,"text":59341},{"id":59422,"depth":80,"text":59423},{"id":783,"depth":80,"text":784,"children":60337},[60338,60339,60341,60343,60344,60345],{"id":59559,"depth":96,"text":59560},{"id":59618,"depth":96,"text":60340},"Using () instead of []",{"id":59738,"depth":96,"text":60342},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":59959,"depth":96,"text":59960},{"id":60044,"depth":96,"text":60045},{"id":60070,"depth":96,"text":60071},{"id":60155,"depth":80,"text":60156},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":60348},[60349,60350,60351,60353,60354],{"id":60196,"depth":96,"text":60197},{"id":60211,"depth":96,"text":60212},{"id":60238,"depth":96,"text":60352},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60250,"depth":96,"text":60251},{"id":60257,"depth":96,"text":60355},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58393,"description":60357},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60364,"title":60365,"body":60366,"description":62107,"extension":1331,"meta":62108,"navigation":268,"path":62109,"seo":62110,"stem":62111,"__hash__":62112},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60367,"toc":62062},[60368,60373,60378,60381,60383,60454,60459,60464,60468,60482,60487,60489,60509,60514,60517,60540,60544,60549,60641,60643,60665,60671,60677,60684,60691,60697,60754,60760,60818,60820,60832,60840,60846,60851,60855,60912,60915,60919,60978,60981,60985,61043,61055,61059,61112,61115,61119,61125,61131,61193,61196,61257,61260,61316,61321,61323,61327,61334,61395,61400,61409,61465,61472,61476,61534,61543,61601,61605,61640,61644,61654,61657,61712,61726,61729,61844,61849,61853,61864,61866,61945,61955,61957,61962,61967,61974,61982,61988,61991,61997,62000,62006,62012,62014,62050,62059],[10,60369,53704,60371,18],{"id":60370},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60372,52808],{},[20,60374,60375,60377],{},[15,60376,52709],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60379,60380],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[131,60382,1372],{"id":1371},[35,60384,60386],{"className":37,"code":60385,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60387,60388,60404,60421,60425,60440,60450],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60389,60390,60392,60394,60396,60398,60400,60402],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60391,51],{"class":50},[44,60393,55],{"class":54},[44,60395,2993],{"class":58},[44,60397,63],{"class":62},[44,60399,66],{"class":58},[44,60401,69],{"class":62},[44,60403,3006],{"class":58},[44,60405,60406,60409,60411,60413,60415,60417,60419],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,60407,60408],{"class":50},"more_numbers ",[44,60410,55],{"class":54},[44,60412,2993],{"class":58},[44,60414,1432],{"class":62},[44,60416,66],{"class":58},[44,60418,1827],{"class":62},[44,60420,3006],{"class":58},[44,60422,60423],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,60424,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,60426,60427,60429,60431,60433,60435,60438],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,60428,83],{"class":50},[44,60430,86],{"class":58},[44,60432,52838],{"class":89},[44,60434,103],{"class":58},[44,60436,60437],{"class":89},"more_numbers",[44,60439,108],{"class":58},[44,60441,60442,60444,60446,60448],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,60443,100],{"class":99},[44,60445,103],{"class":58},[44,60447,83],{"class":89},[44,60449,108],{"class":58},[44,60451,60452],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,60453,52085],{"class":3035},[20,60455,1462,60456,60458],{},[15,60457,52808],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[131,60460,134,60462,137],{"id":60461},"what-listextend-does",[15,60463,52709],{},[20,60465,60466,2255],{},[15,60467,52808],{},[145,60469,60470,60473,60475,60478],{},[148,60471,60472],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[148,60474,53790],{},[148,60476,60477],{},"Does not create a new list",[148,60479,156,60480],{},[15,60481,159],{},[20,60483,60484,60485,53163],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,60486,52808],{},[131,60488,175],{"id":174},[35,60490,60492],{"className":37,"code":60491,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,60493,60494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60495,60496,60499,60501,60503,60505,60507],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60497,60498],{"class":50},"list_name",[44,60500,86],{"class":58},[44,60502,52838],{"class":89},[44,60504,103],{"class":58},[44,60506,3091],{"class":89},[44,60508,108],{"class":58},[20,60510,4821,60511,60513],{},[30,60512,3091],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,60515,60516],{},"Common iterables include:",[145,60518,60519,60523,60527,60531,60536],{},[148,60520,60521],{},[15,60522,7467],{},[148,60524,60525],{},[15,60526,48313],{},[148,60528,60529],{},[15,60530,122],{},[148,60532,60533],{},[15,60534,60535],{},"string",[148,60537,60538],{},[15,60539,59359],{},[131,60541,60543],{"id":60542},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,60545,60546,60547,2255],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,60548,52808],{},[35,60550,60552],{"className":37,"code":60551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,60553,60554,60578,60603,60607,60622,60626,60636],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60555,60556,60558,60560,60562,60564,60566,60568,60570,60572,60574,60576],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60557,35592],{"class":50},[44,60559,55],{"class":54},[44,60561,2993],{"class":58},[44,60563,236],{"class":235},[44,60565,3450],{"class":239},[44,60567,236],{"class":235},[44,60569,66],{"class":58},[44,60571,247],{"class":235},[44,60573,3459],{"class":239},[44,60575,236],{"class":235},[44,60577,3006],{"class":58},[44,60579,60580,60583,60585,60587,60589,60591,60593,60595,60597,60599,60601],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,60581,60582],{"class":50},"more_fruits ",[44,60584,55],{"class":54},[44,60586,2993],{"class":58},[44,60588,236],{"class":235},[44,60590,32571],{"class":239},[44,60592,236],{"class":235},[44,60594,66],{"class":58},[44,60596,247],{"class":235},[44,60598,21880],{"class":239},[44,60600,236],{"class":235},[44,60602,3006],{"class":58},[44,60604,60605],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,60606,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,60608,60609,60611,60613,60615,60617,60620],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,60610,35644],{"class":50},[44,60612,86],{"class":58},[44,60614,52838],{"class":89},[44,60616,103],{"class":58},[44,60618,60619],{"class":89},"more_fruits",[44,60621,108],{"class":58},[44,60623,60624],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,60625,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,60627,60628,60630,60632,60634],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,60629,100],{"class":99},[44,60631,103],{"class":58},[44,60633,35644],{"class":89},[44,60635,108],{"class":58},[44,60637,60638],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,60639,60640],{"class":3035},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,60642,311],{},[145,60644,60645,60650,60655],{},[148,60646,60647,60649],{},[15,60648,35644],{}," starts with two items",[148,60651,60652,60654],{},[15,60653,60619],{}," has two more items",[148,60656,60657,60659,60660,60662,60663],{},[15,60658,52808],{}," adds each item from ",[15,60661,60619],{}," to ",[15,60664,35644],{},[20,60666,60667,60668,60670],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,60669,35644],{}," contains all four items.",[20,60672,53927,60673,342,60675,86],{},[167,60674,52133],{"href":50340},[167,60676,56514],{"href":56513},[131,60678,60680,9953,60682],{"id":60679},"extend-vs-append",[15,60681,52808],{},[15,60683,52014],{},[20,60685,60686,342,60688,60690],{},[15,60687,52808],{},[15,60689,52014],{}," are often confused.",[347,60692,60694,60696],{"id":60693},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,60695,52808],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[35,60698,60700],{"className":37,"code":60699,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60701,60702,60718,60736,60740,60750],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60703,60704,60706,60708,60710,60712,60714,60716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60705,51],{"class":50},[44,60707,55],{"class":54},[44,60709,2993],{"class":58},[44,60711,63],{"class":62},[44,60713,66],{"class":58},[44,60715,69],{"class":62},[44,60717,3006],{"class":58},[44,60719,60720,60722,60724,60726,60728,60730,60732,60734],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,60721,83],{"class":50},[44,60723,86],{"class":58},[44,60725,52838],{"class":89},[44,60727,2357],{"class":58},[44,60729,1432],{"class":62},[44,60731,66],{"class":58},[44,60733,1827],{"class":62},[44,60735,3258],{"class":58},[44,60737,60738],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,60739,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,60741,60742,60744,60746,60748],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,60743,100],{"class":99},[44,60745,103],{"class":58},[44,60747,83],{"class":89},[44,60749,108],{"class":58},[44,60751,60752],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,60753,52085],{"class":3035},[347,60755,60757,60759],{"id":60756},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,60758,52014],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[35,60761,60763],{"className":37,"code":60762,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,60764,60765,60781,60799,60803,60813],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60766,60767,60769,60771,60773,60775,60777,60779],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60768,51],{"class":50},[44,60770,55],{"class":54},[44,60772,2993],{"class":58},[44,60774,63],{"class":62},[44,60776,66],{"class":58},[44,60778,69],{"class":62},[44,60780,3006],{"class":58},[44,60782,60783,60785,60787,60789,60791,60793,60795,60797],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,60784,83],{"class":50},[44,60786,86],{"class":58},[44,60788,12907],{"class":89},[44,60790,2357],{"class":58},[44,60792,1432],{"class":62},[44,60794,66],{"class":58},[44,60796,1827],{"class":62},[44,60798,3258],{"class":58},[44,60800,60801],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,60802,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,60804,60805,60807,60809,60811],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,60806,100],{"class":99},[44,60808,103],{"class":58},[44,60810,83],{"class":89},[44,60812,108],{"class":58},[44,60814,60815],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,60816,60817],{"class":3035},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,60819,18042],{},[145,60821,60822,60827],{},[148,60823,60824,60826],{},[15,60825,52808],{}," to combine values",[148,60828,60829,60831],{},[15,60830,52014],{}," to add one item",[20,60833,41450,60834,342,60838,86],{},[167,60835,54880,60836,1272],{"href":56128},[15,60837,52014],{},[167,60839,52411],{"href":52410},[131,60841,350,60843,60845],{"id":60842},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,60844,52808],{}," with different iterables",[20,60847,60848,60850],{},[15,60849,52808],{}," works with more than just lists.",[347,60852,60854],{"id":60853},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[35,60856,60858],{"className":37,"code":60857,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60859,60860,60876,60894,60898,60908],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60861,60862,60864,60866,60868,60870,60872,60874],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60863,3191],{"class":50},[44,60865,55],{"class":54},[44,60867,2993],{"class":58},[44,60869,63],{"class":62},[44,60871,66],{"class":58},[44,60873,69],{"class":62},[44,60875,3006],{"class":58},[44,60877,60878,60880,60882,60884,60886,60888,60890,60892],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,60879,4727],{"class":50},[44,60881,86],{"class":58},[44,60883,52838],{"class":89},[44,60885,4880],{"class":58},[44,60887,1432],{"class":62},[44,60889,66],{"class":58},[44,60891,1827],{"class":62},[44,60893,993],{"class":58},[44,60895,60896],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,60897,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,60899,60900,60902,60904,60906],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,60901,100],{"class":99},[44,60903,103],{"class":58},[44,60905,4727],{"class":89},[44,60907,108],{"class":58},[44,60909,60910],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,60911,52085],{"class":3035},[20,60913,60914],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[347,60916,60918],{"id":60917},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[35,60920,60922],{"className":37,"code":60921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,60923,60924,60940,60959,60963,60973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60925,60926,60928,60930,60932,60934,60936,60938],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60927,35444],{"class":50},[44,60929,55],{"class":54},[44,60931,2993],{"class":58},[44,60933,236],{"class":235},[44,60935,167],{"class":239},[44,60937,236],{"class":235},[44,60939,3006],{"class":58},[44,60941,60942,60944,60946,60948,60950,60952,60955,60957],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,60943,35497],{"class":50},[44,60945,86],{"class":58},[44,60947,52838],{"class":89},[44,60949,103],{"class":58},[44,60951,236],{"class":235},[44,60953,60954],{"class":239},"bc",[44,60956,236],{"class":235},[44,60958,108],{"class":58},[44,60960,60961],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,60962,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,60964,60965,60967,60969,60971],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,60966,100],{"class":99},[44,60968,103],{"class":58},[44,60970,35497],{"class":89},[44,60972,108],{"class":58},[44,60974,60975],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,60976,60977],{"class":3035},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,60979,60980],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[347,60982,60984],{"id":60983},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[35,60986,60988],{"className":37,"code":60987,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60989,60990,61002,61024,61028,61038],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60991,60992,60994,60996,60998,61000],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60993,51],{"class":50},[44,60995,55],{"class":54},[44,60997,2993],{"class":58},[44,60999,1490],{"class":62},[44,61001,3006],{"class":58},[44,61003,61004,61006,61008,61010,61012,61014,61016,61018,61020,61022],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,61005,83],{"class":50},[44,61007,86],{"class":58},[44,61009,52838],{"class":89},[44,61011,103],{"class":58},[44,61013,59359],{"class":99},[44,61015,103],{"class":58},[44,61017,63],{"class":62},[44,61019,66],{"class":58},[44,61021,1827],{"class":62},[44,61023,993],{"class":58},[44,61025,61026],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,61027,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,61029,61030,61032,61034,61036],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,61031,100],{"class":99},[44,61033,103],{"class":58},[44,61035,83],{"class":89},[44,61037,108],{"class":58},[44,61039,61040],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,61041,61042],{"class":3035},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61044,61045,61048,61049,1559,61051,16422,61053,86],{},[15,61046,61047],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61050,63],{},[15,61052,1426],{},[15,61054,1432],{},[347,61056,61058],{"id":61057},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[35,61060,61062],{"className":37,"code":61061,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61063,61064,61080,61098,61102],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61065,61066,61068,61070,61072,61074,61076,61078],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61067,362],{"class":50},[44,61069,55],{"class":54},[44,61071,2993],{"class":58},[44,61073,63],{"class":62},[44,61075,66],{"class":58},[44,61077,69],{"class":62},[44,61079,3006],{"class":58},[44,61081,61082,61084,61086,61088,61090,61092,61094,61096],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,61083,397],{"class":50},[44,61085,86],{"class":58},[44,61087,52838],{"class":89},[44,61089,4899],{"class":58},[44,61091,1432],{"class":62},[44,61093,66],{"class":58},[44,61095,1827],{"class":62},[44,61097,29845],{"class":58},[44,61099,61100],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,61101,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,61103,61104,61106,61108,61110],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,61105,100],{"class":99},[44,61107,103],{"class":58},[44,61109,397],{"class":89},[44,61111,108],{"class":58},[20,61113,61114],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[131,61116,61118],{"id":61117},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61120,61121,772,61123,86],{},[15,61122,52808],{},[15,61124,159],{},[20,61126,61127,61128,2255],{},"That means this is ",[30,61129,61130],{},"wrong",[35,61132,61134],{"className":37,"code":61133,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61135,61136,61152,61174,61178,61188],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61137,61138,61140,61142,61144,61146,61148,61150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61139,51],{"class":50},[44,61141,55],{"class":54},[44,61143,2993],{"class":58},[44,61145,63],{"class":62},[44,61147,66],{"class":58},[44,61149,69],{"class":62},[44,61151,3006],{"class":58},[44,61153,61154,61156,61158,61160,61162,61164,61166,61168,61170,61172],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,61155,644],{"class":50},[44,61157,55],{"class":54},[44,61159,649],{"class":50},[44,61161,86],{"class":58},[44,61163,52838],{"class":89},[44,61165,2357],{"class":58},[44,61167,1432],{"class":62},[44,61169,66],{"class":58},[44,61171,1827],{"class":62},[44,61173,3258],{"class":58},[44,61175,61176],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,61177,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,61179,61180,61182,61184,61186],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,61181,100],{"class":99},[44,61183,103],{"class":58},[44,61185,668],{"class":89},[44,61187,108],{"class":58},[44,61189,61190],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,61191,61192],{"class":3035},"# None\n",[20,61194,61195],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[35,61197,61199],{"className":37,"code":61198,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61200,61201,61217,61239,61243,61253],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61202,61203,61205,61207,61209,61211,61213,61215],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61204,51],{"class":50},[44,61206,55],{"class":54},[44,61208,2993],{"class":58},[44,61210,63],{"class":62},[44,61212,66],{"class":58},[44,61214,69],{"class":62},[44,61216,3006],{"class":58},[44,61218,61219,61221,61223,61225,61227,61229,61231,61233,61235,61237],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,61220,51],{"class":50},[44,61222,55],{"class":54},[44,61224,649],{"class":50},[44,61226,86],{"class":58},[44,61228,52838],{"class":89},[44,61230,2357],{"class":58},[44,61232,1432],{"class":62},[44,61234,66],{"class":58},[44,61236,1827],{"class":62},[44,61238,3258],{"class":58},[44,61240,61241],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,61242,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,61244,61245,61247,61249,61251],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,61246,100],{"class":99},[44,61248,103],{"class":58},[44,61250,83],{"class":89},[44,61252,108],{"class":58},[44,61254,61255],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,61256,61192],{"class":3035},[20,61258,61259],{},"The correct way is:",[35,61261,61262],{"className":37,"code":60699,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,61263,61264,61280,61298,61302,61312],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61265,61266,61268,61270,61272,61274,61276,61278],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61267,51],{"class":50},[44,61269,55],{"class":54},[44,61271,2993],{"class":58},[44,61273,63],{"class":62},[44,61275,66],{"class":58},[44,61277,69],{"class":62},[44,61279,3006],{"class":58},[44,61281,61282,61284,61286,61288,61290,61292,61294,61296],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,61283,83],{"class":50},[44,61285,86],{"class":58},[44,61287,52838],{"class":89},[44,61289,2357],{"class":58},[44,61291,1432],{"class":62},[44,61293,66],{"class":58},[44,61295,1827],{"class":62},[44,61297,3258],{"class":58},[44,61299,61300],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,61301,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,61303,61304,61306,61308,61310],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,61305,100],{"class":99},[44,61307,103],{"class":58},[44,61309,83],{"class":89},[44,61311,108],{"class":58},[44,61313,61314],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,61315,52085],{"class":3035},[20,61317,55268,61318,61320],{},[15,61319,52808],{}," first, then use the original list.",[131,61322,784],{"id":783},[20,61324,14087,61325,86],{},[15,61326,52808],{},[347,61328,61330,61331,61333],{"id":61329},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61332,52808],{}," to return a new list",[35,61335,61337],{"className":37,"code":61336,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61338,61339,61355,61377,61381,61391],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61340,61341,61343,61345,61347,61349,61351,61353],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61342,51],{"class":50},[44,61344,55],{"class":54},[44,61346,2993],{"class":58},[44,61348,63],{"class":62},[44,61350,66],{"class":58},[44,61352,69],{"class":62},[44,61354,3006],{"class":58},[44,61356,61357,61359,61361,61363,61365,61367,61369,61371,61373,61375],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,61358,55001],{"class":50},[44,61360,55],{"class":54},[44,61362,649],{"class":50},[44,61364,86],{"class":58},[44,61366,52838],{"class":89},[44,61368,2357],{"class":58},[44,61370,1432],{"class":62},[44,61372,66],{"class":58},[44,61374,1827],{"class":62},[44,61376,3258],{"class":58},[44,61378,61379],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,61380,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,61382,61383,61385,61387,61389],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,61384,100],{"class":99},[44,61386,103],{"class":58},[44,61388,55020],{"class":89},[44,61390,108],{"class":58},[44,61392,61393],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,61394,61192],{"class":3035},[20,61396,61397,61398,86],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61399,52808],{},[347,61401,61403,61404,43988,61406,61408],{"id":61402},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61405,52014],{},[15,61407,52808],{}," is needed",[35,61410,61411],{"className":37,"code":60762,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,61412,61413,61429,61447,61451,61461],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61414,61415,61417,61419,61421,61423,61425,61427],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61416,51],{"class":50},[44,61418,55],{"class":54},[44,61420,2993],{"class":58},[44,61422,63],{"class":62},[44,61424,66],{"class":58},[44,61426,69],{"class":62},[44,61428,3006],{"class":58},[44,61430,61431,61433,61435,61437,61439,61441,61443,61445],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,61432,83],{"class":50},[44,61434,86],{"class":58},[44,61436,12907],{"class":89},[44,61438,2357],{"class":58},[44,61440,1432],{"class":62},[44,61442,66],{"class":58},[44,61444,1827],{"class":62},[44,61446,3258],{"class":58},[44,61448,61449],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,61450,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,61452,61453,61455,61457,61459],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,61454,100],{"class":99},[44,61456,103],{"class":58},[44,61458,83],{"class":89},[44,61460,108],{"class":58},[44,61462,61463],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,61464,60817],{"class":3035},[20,61466,61467,61468,53253,61470,6002],{},"If you wanted ",[15,61469,53252],{},[15,61471,52808],{},[347,61473,61475],{"id":61474},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[35,61477,61479],{"className":37,"code":61478,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61480,61481,61497,61515,61519,61529],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61482,61483,61485,61487,61489,61491,61493,61495],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61484,3441],{"class":50},[44,61486,55],{"class":54},[44,61488,2993],{"class":58},[44,61490,236],{"class":235},[44,61492,3214],{"class":239},[44,61494,236],{"class":235},[44,61496,3006],{"class":58},[44,61498,61499,61501,61503,61505,61507,61509,61511,61513],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,61500,3485],{"class":50},[44,61502,86],{"class":58},[44,61504,52838],{"class":89},[44,61506,103],{"class":58},[44,61508,236],{"class":235},[44,61510,59952],{"class":239},[44,61512,236],{"class":235},[44,61514,108],{"class":58},[44,61516,61517],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,61518,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,61520,61521,61523,61525,61527],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,61522,100],{"class":99},[44,61524,103],{"class":58},[44,61526,3485],{"class":89},[44,61528,108],{"class":58},[44,61530,61531],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,61532,61533],{"class":3035},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,61535,61536,61537,61540,61541,2255],{},"If you want ",[15,61538,61539],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,61542,52014],{},[35,61544,61546],{"className":37,"code":61545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61547,61548,61564,61582,61586,61596],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61549,61550,61552,61554,61556,61558,61560,61562],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61551,3441],{"class":50},[44,61553,55],{"class":54},[44,61555,2993],{"class":58},[44,61557,236],{"class":235},[44,61559,3214],{"class":239},[44,61561,236],{"class":235},[44,61563,3006],{"class":58},[44,61565,61566,61568,61570,61572,61574,61576,61578,61580],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,61567,3485],{"class":50},[44,61569,86],{"class":58},[44,61571,12907],{"class":89},[44,61573,103],{"class":58},[44,61575,236],{"class":235},[44,61577,59952],{"class":239},[44,61579,236],{"class":235},[44,61581,108],{"class":58},[44,61583,61584],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,61585,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,61587,61588,61590,61592,61594],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,61589,100],{"class":99},[44,61591,103],{"class":58},[44,61593,3485],{"class":89},[44,61595,108],{"class":58},[44,61597,61598],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,61599,61600],{"class":3035},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[347,61602,61604],{"id":61603},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[35,61606,61608],{"className":37,"code":61607,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,61609,61610,61626],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61611,61612,61614,61616,61618,61620,61622,61624],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61613,51],{"class":50},[44,61615,55],{"class":54},[44,61617,2993],{"class":58},[44,61619,63],{"class":62},[44,61621,66],{"class":58},[44,61623,69],{"class":62},[44,61625,3006],{"class":58},[44,61627,61628,61630,61632,61634,61636,61638],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,61629,83],{"class":50},[44,61631,86],{"class":58},[44,61633,52838],{"class":89},[44,61635,103],{"class":58},[44,61637,1507],{"class":62},[44,61639,108],{"class":58},[20,61641,39009,61642,5922],{},[15,61643,1507],{},[20,61645,61646,61647,61649,61650,61653],{},"You will get a ",[15,61648,2376],{},". See ",[167,61651,61652],{"href":51961},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,61655,61656],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[35,61658,61660],{"className":37,"code":61659,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61661,61662,61672,61686,61698],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61663,61664,61666,61668,61670],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61665,100],{"class":99},[44,61667,103],{"class":58},[44,61669,7713],{"class":89},[44,61671,108],{"class":58},[44,61673,61674,61676,61678,61680,61682,61684],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,61675,100],{"class":99},[44,61677,103],{"class":58},[44,61679,985],{"class":121},[44,61681,103],{"class":58},[44,61683,4727],{"class":89},[44,61685,993],{"class":58},[44,61687,61688,61690,61692,61694,61696],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,61689,100],{"class":99},[44,61691,103],{"class":58},[44,61693,668],{"class":89},[44,61695,3032],{"class":58},[44,61697,108],{"class":50},[44,61699,61700,61702,61704,61706,61708,61710],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,61701,31502],{"class":99},[44,61703,103],{"class":58},[44,61705,7467],{"class":121},[44,61707,86],{"class":58},[44,61709,52838],{"class":24098},[44,61711,108],{"class":58},[42938,61713,61714],{},[20,61715,61716,61717,61720,61721,61723,61724,86],{},"Note: ",[15,61718,61719],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,61722,3032],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,61725,32377],{},[20,61727,61728],{},"Correct debugging example:",[35,61730,61732],{"className":37,"code":61731,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61733,61734,61750,61766,61770,61784,61788,61796,61806,61820,61830],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61735,61736,61738,61740,61742,61744,61746,61748],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61737,7682],{"class":50},[44,61739,55],{"class":54},[44,61741,2993],{"class":58},[44,61743,63],{"class":62},[44,61745,66],{"class":58},[44,61747,69],{"class":62},[44,61749,3006],{"class":58},[44,61751,61752,61754,61756,61758,61760,61762,61764],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,61753,3191],{"class":50},[44,61755,55],{"class":54},[44,61757,2993],{"class":58},[44,61759,1432],{"class":62},[44,61761,66],{"class":58},[44,61763,1827],{"class":62},[44,61765,3006],{"class":58},[44,61767,61768],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,61769,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,61771,61772,61774,61776,61778,61780,61782],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,61773,7713],{"class":50},[44,61775,86],{"class":58},[44,61777,52838],{"class":89},[44,61779,103],{"class":58},[44,61781,4727],{"class":89},[44,61783,108],{"class":58},[44,61785,61786],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,61787,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,61789,61790,61792,61794],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,61791,644],{"class":50},[44,61793,55],{"class":54},[44,61795,47887],{"class":692},[44,61797,61798,61800,61802,61804],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,61799,100],{"class":99},[44,61801,103],{"class":58},[44,61803,7713],{"class":89},[44,61805,108],{"class":58},[44,61807,61808,61810,61812,61814,61816,61818],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,61809,100],{"class":99},[44,61811,103],{"class":58},[44,61813,985],{"class":121},[44,61815,103],{"class":58},[44,61817,4727],{"class":89},[44,61819,993],{"class":58},[44,61821,61822,61824,61826,61828],{"class":46,"line":5802},[44,61823,100],{"class":99},[44,61825,103],{"class":58},[44,61827,668],{"class":89},[44,61829,108],{"class":58},[44,61831,61832,61834,61836,61838,61840,61842],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,61833,31502],{"class":99},[44,61835,103],{"class":58},[44,61837,7467],{"class":121},[44,61839,86],{"class":58},[44,61841,52838],{"class":24098},[44,61843,108],{"class":58},[131,61845,4331,61847],{"id":61846},"when-to-use-extend",[15,61848,52808],{},[20,61850,1462,61851,5688],{},[15,61852,52808],{},[145,61854,61855,61858,61861],{},[148,61856,61857],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[148,61859,61860],{},"Add multiple values at once",[148,61862,61863],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,61865,4841],{},[35,61867,61869],{"className":37,"code":61868,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,61870,61871,61888,61906,61910,61926,61930,61940],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61872,61873,61876,61878,61880,61882,61884,61886],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61874,61875],{"class":50},"all_scores ",[44,61877,55],{"class":54},[44,61879,2993],{"class":58},[44,61881,12856],{"class":62},[44,61883,66],{"class":58},[44,61885,12861],{"class":62},[44,61887,3006],{"class":58},[44,61889,61890,61893,61895,61897,61899,61901,61904],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,61891,61892],{"class":50},"new_scores ",[44,61894,55],{"class":54},[44,61896,2993],{"class":58},[44,61898,50866],{"class":62},[44,61900,66],{"class":58},[44,61902,61903],{"class":62}," 92",[44,61905,3006],{"class":58},[44,61907,61908],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,61909,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,61911,61912,61915,61917,61919,61921,61924],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,61913,61914],{"class":50},"all_scores",[44,61916,86],{"class":58},[44,61918,52838],{"class":89},[44,61920,103],{"class":58},[44,61922,61923],{"class":89},"new_scores",[44,61925,108],{"class":58},[44,61927,61928],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,61929,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,61931,61932,61934,61936,61938],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,61933,100],{"class":99},[44,61935,103],{"class":58},[44,61937,61914],{"class":89},[44,61939,108],{"class":58},[44,61941,61942],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,61943,61944],{"class":3035},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,61946,61947,61948,61950,61951,86],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,61949,52014],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[167,61952,54880,61953,1272],{"href":53270},[15,61954,53630],{},[131,61956,1196],{"id":1195},[347,61958,1212,61960,54829],{"id":61959},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,61961,52709],{},[20,61963,61964,61965,86],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,61966,159],{},[347,61968,1234,61970,342,61972,1239],{"id":61969},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,61971,52808],{},[15,61973,52014],{},[20,61975,61976,61978,61979,61981],{},[15,61977,52808],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,61980,52014],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[347,61983,27677,61985,61987],{"id":61984},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,61986,52808],{}," with a string?",[20,61989,61990],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[347,61992,27677,61994,61996],{"id":61993},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,61995,52808],{}," with a tuple?",[20,61998,61999],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[347,62001,62003,62004,1239],{"id":62002},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62005,52808],{},[20,62007,62008,62009,62011],{},"You get a ",[15,62010,2376],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[131,62013,1251],{"id":1250},[145,62015,62016,62022,62026,62030,62034,62040,62044],{},[148,62017,62018],{},[167,62019,54880,62020,1272],{"href":56128},[15,62021,52014],{},[148,62023,62024],{},[167,62025,53640],{"href":52410},[148,62027,62028],{},[167,62029,56588],{"href":56513},[148,62031,62032],{},[167,62033,52133],{"href":50340},[148,62035,62036],{},[167,62037,54880,62038,1272],{"href":53270},[15,62039,53630],{},[148,62041,62042],{},[167,62043,61652],{"href":51961},[148,62045,62046],{},[167,62047,54880,62048,1272],{"href":54320},[15,62049,12133],{},[20,62051,62052,62053,62055,62056,62058],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62054,52014],{},", when to use ",[15,62057,53630],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1294,62060,62061],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":62063},[62064,62065,62067,62068,62069,62076,62083,62084,62092,62094,62106],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":60461,"depth":80,"text":62066},"What list.extend() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":60542,"depth":80,"text":60543},{"id":60679,"depth":80,"text":62070,"children":62071},"extend() vs append()",[62072,62074],{"id":60693,"depth":96,"text":62073},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":60756,"depth":96,"text":62075},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":60842,"depth":80,"text":62077,"children":62078},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62079,62080,62081,62082],{"id":60853,"depth":96,"text":60854},{"id":60917,"depth":96,"text":60918},{"id":60983,"depth":96,"text":60984},{"id":61057,"depth":96,"text":61058},{"id":61117,"depth":80,"text":61118},{"id":783,"depth":80,"text":784,"children":62085},[62086,62088,62090,62091],{"id":61329,"depth":96,"text":62087},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61402,"depth":96,"text":62089},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61474,"depth":96,"text":61475},{"id":61603,"depth":96,"text":61604},{"id":61846,"depth":80,"text":62093},"When to use extend()",{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":62095},[62096,62098,62100,62102,62104],{"id":61959,"depth":96,"text":62097},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":61969,"depth":96,"text":62099},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":61984,"depth":96,"text":62101},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":61993,"depth":96,"text":62103},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62002,"depth":96,"text":62105},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60365,"description":62107},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62114,"title":62115,"body":62116,"description":64207,"extension":1331,"meta":64208,"navigation":268,"path":64209,"seo":64210,"stem":64211,"__hash__":64212},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62117,"toc":64170},[62118,62121,62126,62132,62143,62149,62151,62220,62222,62271,62279,62283,62288,62291,62302,62307,62309,62311,62332,62345,62348,62361,62363,62368,62393,62395,62403,62406,62475,62477,62501,62507,62511,62515,62551,62553,62573,62580,62584,62617,62619,62653,62658,62662,62695,62697,62725,62733,62737,62774,62776,62797,62800,62804,62873,62875,62899,62905,62912,62916,62919,62921,62935,62938,62962,62964,62989,62992,63011,63013,63039,63048,63052,63059,63136,63138,63179,63185,63191,63282,63284,63340,63343,63348,63352,63357,63361,63420,63422,63447,63451,63514,63516,63541,63545,63608,63610,63653,63656,63660,63664,63686,63690,63772,63774,63809,63817,63819,63823,63827,63829,63856,63861,63863,63890,63897,63900,63923,63925,63974,63977,63980,63999,64003,64006,64057,64060,64066,64070,64075,64078,64080,64086,64095,64099,64105,64109,64112,64116,64119,64123,64129,64131,64167],[10,62119,62115],{"id":62120},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62122,8493,62123,62125],{},[15,62124,24129],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62127,62128,62129,62131],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62130,24129],{}," for two main reasons:",[145,62133,62134,62137],{},[148,62135,62136],{},"to make an empty list",[148,62138,62139,62140,62142],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62141,59359],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62144,62145,62146,62148],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62147,24129],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[131,62150,1372],{"id":1371},[35,62152,62154],{"className":37,"code":62153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62155,62156,62178,62196,62200,62210],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62157,62158,62160,62162,62164,62166,62168,62170,62172,62174,62176],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62159,51],{"class":50},[44,62161,55],{"class":54},[44,62163,21907],{"class":121},[44,62165,4880],{"class":58},[44,62167,63],{"class":62},[44,62169,66],{"class":58},[44,62171,69],{"class":62},[44,62173,66],{"class":58},[44,62175,74],{"class":62},[44,62177,993],{"class":58},[44,62179,62180,62182,62184,62186,62188,62190,62192,62194],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,62181,35444],{"class":50},[44,62183,55],{"class":54},[44,62185,21907],{"class":121},[44,62187,103],{"class":58},[44,62189,236],{"class":235},[44,62191,40917],{"class":239},[44,62193,236],{"class":235},[44,62195,108],{"class":58},[44,62197,62198],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,62199,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,62201,62202,62204,62206,62208],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,62203,100],{"class":99},[44,62205,103],{"class":58},[44,62207,83],{"class":89},[44,62209,108],{"class":58},[44,62211,62212,62214,62216,62218],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,62213,100],{"class":99},[44,62215,103],{"class":58},[44,62217,35497],{"class":89},[44,62219,108],{"class":58},[20,62221,111],{},[35,62223,62225],{"className":37,"code":62224,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62226,62227,62243],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62228,62229,62231,62233,62235,62237,62239,62241],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62230,3270],{"class":58},[44,62232,63],{"class":62},[44,62234,66],{"class":58},[44,62236,69],{"class":62},[44,62238,66],{"class":58},[44,62240,74],{"class":62},[44,62242,3006],{"class":58},[44,62244,62245,62247,62249,62251,62253,62255,62257,62259,62261,62263,62265,62267,62269],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,62246,3270],{"class":58},[44,62248,1018],{"class":235},[44,62250,167],{"class":239},[44,62252,1018],{"class":235},[44,62254,66],{"class":58},[44,62256,1012],{"class":235},[44,62258,1164],{"class":239},[44,62260,1018],{"class":235},[44,62262,66],{"class":58},[44,62264,1012],{"class":235},[44,62266,9109],{"class":239},[44,62268,1018],{"class":235},[44,62270,3006],{"class":58},[20,62272,1462,62273,62275,62276,62278],{},[15,62274,24129],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62277,59359],{},", set, or dictionary.",[131,62280,62282],{"id":62281},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62284,62285,62287],{},[15,62286,24129],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62289,62290],{},"It can:",[145,62292,62293,62296,62299],{},[148,62294,62295],{},"create a new list object",[148,62297,62298],{},"make an empty list",[148,62300,62301],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62303,62304,62305,86],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[167,62306,52133],{"href":50340},[131,62308,175],{"id":174},[20,62310,25835],{},[35,62312,62314],{"className":37,"code":62313,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62315,62316,62322],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62317,62318,62320],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62319,7467],{"class":121},[44,62321,93],{"class":58},[44,62323,62324,62326,62328,62330],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,62325,7467],{"class":121},[44,62327,103],{"class":58},[44,62329,3091],{"class":89},[44,62331,108],{"class":58},[145,62333,62334,62339],{},[148,62335,62336,62338],{},[15,62337,24129],{}," makes an empty list",[148,62340,62341,62344],{},[15,62342,62343],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62346,62347],{},"Common iterable values include:",[145,62349,62350,62352,62354,62356,62359],{},[148,62351,4677],{},[148,62353,4671],{},[148,62355,4674],{},[148,62357,62358],{},"ranges",[148,62360,6623],{},[131,62362,58981],{"id":58980},[20,62364,1462,62365,62367],{},[15,62366,24129],{}," with no arguments:",[35,62369,62371],{"className":37,"code":62370,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62372,62373,62383],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62374,62375,62377,62379,62381],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62376,362],{"class":50},[44,62378,55],{"class":54},[44,62380,21907],{"class":121},[44,62382,93],{"class":58},[44,62384,62385,62387,62389,62391],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,62386,100],{"class":99},[44,62388,103],{"class":58},[44,62390,397],{"class":89},[44,62392,108],{"class":58},[20,62394,111],{},[35,62396,62397],{"className":37,"code":37652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62398,62399],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62400,62401],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62402,37652],{"class":58},[20,62404,62405],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[35,62407,62409],{"className":37,"code":62408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62410,62411,62421,62425,62443,62461,62465],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62412,62413,62415,62417,62419],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62414,362],{"class":50},[44,62416,55],{"class":54},[44,62418,21907],{"class":121},[44,62420,93],{"class":58},[44,62422,62423],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,62424,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,62426,62427,62429,62431,62433,62435,62437,62439,62441],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,62428,397],{"class":50},[44,62430,86],{"class":58},[44,62432,12907],{"class":89},[44,62434,103],{"class":58},[44,62436,236],{"class":235},[44,62438,3450],{"class":239},[44,62440,236],{"class":235},[44,62442,108],{"class":58},[44,62444,62445,62447,62449,62451,62453,62455,62457,62459],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,62446,397],{"class":50},[44,62448,86],{"class":58},[44,62450,12907],{"class":89},[44,62452,103],{"class":58},[44,62454,236],{"class":235},[44,62456,3459],{"class":239},[44,62458,236],{"class":235},[44,62460,108],{"class":58},[44,62462,62463],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,62464,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,62466,62467,62469,62471,62473],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,62468,100],{"class":99},[44,62470,103],{"class":58},[44,62472,397],{"class":89},[44,62474,108],{"class":58},[20,62476,111],{},[35,62478,62479],{"className":37,"code":37778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62480,62481],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62482,62483,62485,62487,62489,62491,62493,62495,62497,62499],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62484,3270],{"class":58},[44,62486,1018],{"class":235},[44,62488,3450],{"class":239},[44,62490,1018],{"class":235},[44,62492,66],{"class":58},[44,62494,1012],{"class":235},[44,62496,3459],{"class":239},[44,62498,1018],{"class":235},[44,62500,3006],{"class":58},[20,62502,62503,62504,62506],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,62505,3157],{},". Both are valid.",[131,62508,62510],{"id":62509},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[347,62512,62514],{"id":62513},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[35,62516,62517],{"className":37,"code":59279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62518,62519,62541],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62520,62521,62523,62525,62527,62529,62531,62533,62535,62537,62539],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62522,51],{"class":50},[44,62524,55],{"class":54},[44,62526,21907],{"class":121},[44,62528,4880],{"class":58},[44,62530,63],{"class":62},[44,62532,66],{"class":58},[44,62534,69],{"class":62},[44,62536,66],{"class":58},[44,62538,74],{"class":62},[44,62540,993],{"class":58},[44,62542,62543,62545,62547,62549],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,62544,100],{"class":99},[44,62546,103],{"class":58},[44,62548,83],{"class":89},[44,62550,108],{"class":58},[20,62552,111],{},[35,62554,62555],{"className":37,"code":54510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62556,62557],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62558,62559,62561,62563,62565,62567,62569,62571],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62560,3270],{"class":58},[44,62562,63],{"class":62},[44,62564,66],{"class":58},[44,62566,69],{"class":62},[44,62568,66],{"class":58},[44,62570,74],{"class":62},[44,62572,3006],{"class":58},[20,62574,62575,62576,86],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[167,62577,62579],{"href":62578},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[347,62581,62583],{"id":62582},"string-to-list","String to list",[35,62585,62587],{"className":37,"code":62586,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62588,62589,62607],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62590,62591,62593,62595,62597,62599,62601,62603,62605],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62592,35444],{"class":50},[44,62594,55],{"class":54},[44,62596,21907],{"class":121},[44,62598,103],{"class":58},[44,62600,236],{"class":235},[44,62602,36401],{"class":239},[44,62604,236],{"class":235},[44,62606,108],{"class":58},[44,62608,62609,62611,62613,62615],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,62610,100],{"class":99},[44,62612,103],{"class":58},[44,62614,35497],{"class":89},[44,62616,108],{"class":58},[20,62618,111],{},[35,62620,62622],{"className":37,"code":62621,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,62623,62624],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62625,62626,62628,62630,62632,62634,62636,62638,62640,62642,62644,62646,62649,62651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62627,3270],{"class":58},[44,62629,1018],{"class":235},[44,62631,9109],{"class":239},[44,62633,1018],{"class":235},[44,62635,66],{"class":58},[44,62637,1012],{"class":235},[44,62639,167],{"class":239},[44,62641,1018],{"class":235},[44,62643,66],{"class":58},[44,62645,1012],{"class":235},[44,62647,62648],{"class":239},"t",[44,62650,1018],{"class":235},[44,62652,3006],{"class":58},[20,62654,62655,62657],{},[15,62656,24129],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[347,62659,62661],{"id":62660},"range-to-list","Range to list",[35,62663,62665],{"className":37,"code":62664,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,62666,62667,62685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62668,62669,62671,62673,62675,62677,62679,62681,62683],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62670,51],{"class":50},[44,62672,55],{"class":54},[44,62674,21907],{"class":121},[44,62676,103],{"class":58},[44,62678,59359],{"class":99},[44,62680,103],{"class":58},[44,62682,1507],{"class":62},[44,62684,993],{"class":58},[44,62686,62687,62689,62691,62693],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,62688,100],{"class":99},[44,62690,103],{"class":58},[44,62692,83],{"class":89},[44,62694,108],{"class":58},[20,62696,111],{},[35,62698,62699],{"className":37,"code":59382,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62700,62701],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62702,62703,62705,62707,62709,62711,62713,62715,62717,62719,62721,62723],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62704,3270],{"class":58},[44,62706,1490],{"class":62},[44,62708,66],{"class":58},[44,62710,4867],{"class":62},[44,62712,66],{"class":58},[44,62714,69],{"class":62},[44,62716,66],{"class":58},[44,62718,74],{"class":62},[44,62720,66],{"class":58},[44,62722,1827],{"class":62},[44,62724,3006],{"class":58},[20,62726,62727,62728,62732],{},"This is common when working with ",[167,62729,62730],{"href":35548},[15,62731,35551],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[347,62734,62736],{"id":62735},"set-to-list","Set to list",[35,62738,62740],{"className":37,"code":62739,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,62741,62742,62764],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62743,62744,62746,62748,62750,62752,62754,62756,62758,62760,62762],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62745,3191],{"class":50},[44,62747,55],{"class":54},[44,62749,21907],{"class":121},[44,62751,4899],{"class":58},[44,62753,1701],{"class":62},[44,62755,66],{"class":58},[44,62757,7163],{"class":62},[44,62759,66],{"class":58},[44,62761,7168],{"class":62},[44,62763,29845],{"class":58},[44,62765,62766,62768,62770,62772],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,62767,100],{"class":99},[44,62769,103],{"class":58},[44,62771,4727],{"class":89},[44,62773,108],{"class":58},[20,62775,16308],{},[35,62777,62779],{"className":37,"code":62778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,62780,62781],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62782,62783,62785,62787,62789,62791,62793,62795],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62784,3270],{"class":58},[44,62786,1701],{"class":62},[44,62788,66],{"class":58},[44,62790,7163],{"class":62},[44,62792,66],{"class":58},[44,62794,7168],{"class":62},[44,62796,3006],{"class":58},[20,62798,62799],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[347,62801,62803],{"id":62802},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[35,62805,62807],{"className":37,"code":62806,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,62808,62809,62845,62859,62863],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62810,62811,62813,62815,62817,62819,62821,62823,62825,62827,62829,62831,62833,62835,62837,62839,62841,62843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62812,12558],{"class":50},[44,62814,55],{"class":54},[44,62816,59],{"class":58},[44,62818,236],{"class":235},[44,62820,7041],{"class":239},[44,62822,236],{"class":235},[44,62824,2255],{"class":58},[44,62826,247],{"class":235},[44,62828,12237],{"class":239},[44,62830,236],{"class":235},[44,62832,66],{"class":58},[44,62834,247],{"class":235},[44,62836,8669],{"class":239},[44,62838,236],{"class":235},[44,62840,2255],{"class":58},[44,62842,8676],{"class":62},[44,62844,77],{"class":58},[44,62846,62847,62849,62851,62853,62855,62857],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,62848,644],{"class":50},[44,62850,55],{"class":54},[44,62852,21907],{"class":121},[44,62854,103],{"class":58},[44,62856,16657],{"class":89},[44,62858,108],{"class":58},[44,62860,62861],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,62862,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,62864,62865,62867,62869,62871],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,62866,100],{"class":99},[44,62868,103],{"class":58},[44,62870,668],{"class":89},[44,62872,108],{"class":58},[20,62874,111],{},[35,62876,62877],{"className":37,"code":24829,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62878,62879],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62880,62881,62883,62885,62887,62889,62891,62893,62895,62897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62882,3270],{"class":58},[44,62884,1018],{"class":235},[44,62886,7041],{"class":239},[44,62888,1018],{"class":235},[44,62890,66],{"class":58},[44,62892,1012],{"class":235},[44,62894,8669],{"class":239},[44,62896,1018],{"class":235},[44,62898,3006],{"class":58},[20,62900,62901,62902,62904],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,62903,24129],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,62906,62907,62908,86],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[167,62909,62911],{"href":62910},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[131,62913,62915],{"id":62914},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,62917,62918],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,62920,60516],{},[145,62922,62923,62925,62927,62929,62931,62933],{},[148,62924,4668],{},[148,62926,4671],{},[148,62928,4677],{},[148,62930,4674],{},[148,62932,62358],{},[148,62934,6623],{},[20,62936,62937],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[35,62939,62941],{"className":37,"code":62940,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,62942,62943],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62944,62945,62947,62949,62951,62953,62955,62958,62960],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62946,100],{"class":99},[44,62948,103],{"class":58},[44,62950,7467],{"class":121},[44,62952,103],{"class":58},[44,62954,236],{"class":235},[44,62956,62957],{"class":239},"hi",[44,62959,236],{"class":235},[44,62961,993],{"class":58},[20,62963,111],{},[35,62965,62967],{"className":37,"code":62966,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,62968,62969],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62970,62971,62973,62975,62977,62979,62981,62983,62985,62987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62972,3270],{"class":58},[44,62974,1018],{"class":235},[44,62976,59799],{"class":239},[44,62978,1018],{"class":235},[44,62980,66],{"class":58},[44,62982,1012],{"class":235},[44,62984,35508],{"class":239},[44,62986,1018],{"class":235},[44,62988,3006],{"class":58},[20,62990,62991],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[35,62993,62995],{"className":37,"code":62994,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(5))\n",[15,62996,62997],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62998,62999,63001,63003,63005,63007,63009],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63000,100],{"class":99},[44,63002,103],{"class":58},[44,63004,7467],{"class":121},[44,63006,103],{"class":58},[44,63008,1507],{"class":62},[44,63010,993],{"class":58},[20,63012,111],{},[35,63014,63016],{"className":37,"code":63015,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63017,63018],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63019,63020,63022,63024,63026,63028,63030,63032,63034,63036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63021,2376],{"class":121},[44,63023,2255],{"class":58},[44,63025,1012],{"class":235},[44,63027,1558],{"class":239},[44,63029,1018],{"class":235},[44,63031,23965],{"class":121},[44,63033,7470],{"class":54},[44,63035,7473],{"class":54},[44,63037,63038],{"class":50}," iterable\n",[20,63040,63041,63042,63044,63045,86],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[167,63043,4507],{"href":4956},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[167,63046,63047],{"href":51961},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[131,63049,63051],{"id":63050},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63053,63054,63055,63058],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63056,63057],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[35,63060,63062],{"className":37,"code":63061,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63063,63064,63084,63098,63102,63112,63122],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63065,63066,63068,63070,63072,63074,63076,63078,63080,63082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63067,11444],{"class":50},[44,63069,55],{"class":54},[44,63071,2993],{"class":58},[44,63073,63],{"class":62},[44,63075,66],{"class":58},[44,63077,69],{"class":62},[44,63079,66],{"class":58},[44,63081,74],{"class":62},[44,63083,3006],{"class":58},[44,63085,63086,63088,63090,63092,63094,63096],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,63087,13665],{"class":50},[44,63089,55],{"class":54},[44,63091,21907],{"class":121},[44,63093,103],{"class":58},[44,63095,11491],{"class":89},[44,63097,108],{"class":58},[44,63099,63100],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,63101,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,63103,63104,63106,63108,63110],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,63105,100],{"class":99},[44,63107,103],{"class":58},[44,63109,11491],{"class":89},[44,63111,108],{"class":58},[44,63113,63114,63116,63118,63120],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,63115,100],{"class":99},[44,63117,103],{"class":58},[44,63119,13684],{"class":89},[44,63121,108],{"class":58},[44,63123,63124,63126,63128,63130,63132,63134],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,63125,100],{"class":99},[44,63127,103],{"class":58},[44,63129,11444],{"class":89},[44,63131,11552],{"class":3245},[44,63133,13738],{"class":89},[44,63135,108],{"class":58},[20,63137,111],{},[35,63139,63141],{"className":37,"code":63140,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63142,63143,63159,63175],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63144,63145,63147,63149,63151,63153,63155,63157],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63146,3270],{"class":58},[44,63148,63],{"class":62},[44,63150,66],{"class":58},[44,63152,69],{"class":62},[44,63154,66],{"class":58},[44,63156,74],{"class":62},[44,63158,3006],{"class":58},[44,63160,63161,63163,63165,63167,63169,63171,63173],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,63162,3270],{"class":58},[44,63164,63],{"class":62},[44,63166,66],{"class":58},[44,63168,69],{"class":62},[44,63170,66],{"class":58},[44,63172,74],{"class":62},[44,63174,3006],{"class":58},[44,63176,63177],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,63178,3411],{"class":692},[20,63180,63181,63182,63184],{},"This means ",[15,63183,13684],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63186,63187,63188,63190],{},"However, this is only a ",[30,63189,12207],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[35,63192,63194],{"className":37,"code":63193,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63195,63196,63222,63236,63240,63258,63262,63272],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63197,63198,63200,63202,63204,63206,63208,63210,63212,63214,63216,63218,63220],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63199,11444],{"class":50},[44,63201,55],{"class":54},[44,63203,55653],{"class":58},[44,63205,63],{"class":62},[44,63207,66],{"class":58},[44,63209,69],{"class":62},[44,63211,17409],{"class":58},[44,63213,2993],{"class":58},[44,63215,1432],{"class":62},[44,63217,66],{"class":58},[44,63219,1827],{"class":62},[44,63221,52604],{"class":58},[44,63223,63224,63226,63228,63230,63232,63234],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,63225,13665],{"class":50},[44,63227,55],{"class":54},[44,63229,21907],{"class":121},[44,63231,103],{"class":58},[44,63233,11491],{"class":89},[44,63235,108],{"class":58},[44,63237,63238],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,63239,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,63241,63242,63244,63246,63248,63250,63252,63254,63256],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,63243,13684],{"class":50},[44,63245,3270],{"class":58},[44,63247,1490],{"class":62},[44,63249,12904],{"class":58},[44,63251,12907],{"class":89},[44,63253,103],{"class":58},[44,63255,55706],{"class":62},[44,63257,108],{"class":58},[44,63259,63260],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,63261,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,63263,63264,63266,63268,63270],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,63265,100],{"class":99},[44,63267,103],{"class":58},[44,63269,11491],{"class":89},[44,63271,108],{"class":58},[44,63273,63274,63276,63278,63280],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,63275,100],{"class":99},[44,63277,103],{"class":58},[44,63279,13684],{"class":89},[44,63281,108],{"class":58},[20,63283,111],{},[35,63285,63286],{"className":37,"code":55737,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63287,63288,63314],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63289,63290,63292,63294,63296,63298,63300,63302,63304,63306,63308,63310,63312],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63291,55744],{"class":58},[44,63293,63],{"class":62},[44,63295,66],{"class":58},[44,63297,69],{"class":62},[44,63299,66],{"class":58},[44,63301,9565],{"class":62},[44,63303,17409],{"class":58},[44,63305,2993],{"class":58},[44,63307,1432],{"class":62},[44,63309,66],{"class":58},[44,63311,1827],{"class":62},[44,63313,52604],{"class":58},[44,63315,63316,63318,63320,63322,63324,63326,63328,63330,63332,63334,63336,63338],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,63317,55744],{"class":58},[44,63319,63],{"class":62},[44,63321,66],{"class":58},[44,63323,69],{"class":62},[44,63325,66],{"class":58},[44,63327,9565],{"class":62},[44,63329,17409],{"class":58},[44,63331,2993],{"class":58},[44,63333,1432],{"class":62},[44,63335,66],{"class":58},[44,63337,1827],{"class":62},[44,63339,52604],{"class":58},[20,63341,63342],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63344,63345,63346,86],{},"For more on this, see ",[167,63347,13145],{"href":13144},[131,63349,63351],{"id":63350},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63353,63354,63355,86],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63356,24129],{},[347,63358,63360],{"id":63359},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[35,63362,63364],{"className":37,"code":63363,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63365,63366,63406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63367,63368,63370,63372,63374,63376,63378,63380,63382,63384,63386,63388,63390,63392,63394,63396,63398,63400,63402,63404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63369,12220],{"class":50},[44,63371,55],{"class":54},[44,63373,59],{"class":58},[44,63375,236],{"class":235},[44,63377,7041],{"class":239},[44,63379,236],{"class":235},[44,63381,2255],{"class":58},[44,63383,247],{"class":235},[44,63385,7294],{"class":239},[44,63387,236],{"class":235},[44,63389,66],{"class":58},[44,63391,247],{"class":235},[44,63393,19239],{"class":239},[44,63395,236],{"class":235},[44,63397,2255],{"class":58},[44,63399,247],{"class":235},[44,63401,21592],{"class":239},[44,63403,236],{"class":235},[44,63405,77],{"class":58},[44,63407,63408,63410,63412,63414,63416,63418],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,63409,100],{"class":99},[44,63411,103],{"class":58},[44,63413,7467],{"class":121},[44,63415,103],{"class":58},[44,63417,12980],{"class":89},[44,63419,993],{"class":58},[20,63421,111],{},[35,63423,63425],{"className":37,"code":63424,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63426,63427],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63428,63429,63431,63433,63435,63437,63439,63441,63443,63445],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63430,3270],{"class":58},[44,63432,1018],{"class":235},[44,63434,7041],{"class":239},[44,63436,1018],{"class":235},[44,63438,66],{"class":58},[44,63440,1012],{"class":235},[44,63442,19239],{"class":239},[44,63444,1018],{"class":235},[44,63446,3006],{"class":58},[347,63448,63450],{"id":63449},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[35,63452,63454],{"className":37,"code":63453,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63455,63456,63496],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63457,63458,63460,63462,63464,63466,63468,63470,63472,63474,63476,63478,63480,63482,63484,63486,63488,63490,63492,63494],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63459,12220],{"class":50},[44,63461,55],{"class":54},[44,63463,59],{"class":58},[44,63465,236],{"class":235},[44,63467,7041],{"class":239},[44,63469,236],{"class":235},[44,63471,2255],{"class":58},[44,63473,247],{"class":235},[44,63475,7294],{"class":239},[44,63477,236],{"class":235},[44,63479,66],{"class":58},[44,63481,247],{"class":235},[44,63483,19239],{"class":239},[44,63485,236],{"class":235},[44,63487,2255],{"class":58},[44,63489,247],{"class":235},[44,63491,21592],{"class":239},[44,63493,236],{"class":235},[44,63495,77],{"class":58},[44,63497,63498,63500,63502,63504,63506,63508,63510,63512],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,63499,100],{"class":99},[44,63501,103],{"class":58},[44,63503,7467],{"class":121},[44,63505,103],{"class":58},[44,63507,12980],{"class":89},[44,63509,86],{"class":58},[44,63511,4727],{"class":89},[44,63513,5660],{"class":58},[20,63515,111],{},[35,63517,63519],{"className":37,"code":63518,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,63520,63521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63522,63523,63525,63527,63529,63531,63533,63535,63537,63539],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63524,3270],{"class":58},[44,63526,1018],{"class":235},[44,63528,7294],{"class":239},[44,63530,1018],{"class":235},[44,63532,66],{"class":58},[44,63534,1012],{"class":235},[44,63536,21592],{"class":239},[44,63538,1018],{"class":235},[44,63540,3006],{"class":58},[347,63542,63544],{"id":63543},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[35,63546,63548],{"className":37,"code":63547,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,63549,63550,63590],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63551,63552,63554,63556,63558,63560,63562,63564,63566,63568,63570,63572,63574,63576,63578,63580,63582,63584,63586,63588],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63553,12220],{"class":50},[44,63555,55],{"class":54},[44,63557,59],{"class":58},[44,63559,236],{"class":235},[44,63561,7041],{"class":239},[44,63563,236],{"class":235},[44,63565,2255],{"class":58},[44,63567,247],{"class":235},[44,63569,7294],{"class":239},[44,63571,236],{"class":235},[44,63573,66],{"class":58},[44,63575,247],{"class":235},[44,63577,19239],{"class":239},[44,63579,236],{"class":235},[44,63581,2255],{"class":58},[44,63583,247],{"class":235},[44,63585,21592],{"class":239},[44,63587,236],{"class":235},[44,63589,77],{"class":58},[44,63591,63592,63594,63596,63598,63600,63602,63604,63606],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,63593,100],{"class":99},[44,63595,103],{"class":58},[44,63597,7467],{"class":121},[44,63599,103],{"class":58},[44,63601,12980],{"class":89},[44,63603,86],{"class":58},[44,63605,397],{"class":89},[44,63607,5660],{"class":58},[20,63609,111],{},[35,63611,63613],{"className":37,"code":63612,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,63614,63615],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63616,63617,63619,63621,63623,63625,63627,63629,63631,63633,63635,63637,63639,63641,63643,63645,63647,63649,63651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63618,21088],{"class":58},[44,63620,1018],{"class":235},[44,63622,7041],{"class":239},[44,63624,1018],{"class":235},[44,63626,66],{"class":58},[44,63628,1012],{"class":235},[44,63630,7294],{"class":239},[44,63632,1018],{"class":235},[44,63634,8604],{"class":58},[44,63636,8607],{"class":58},[44,63638,1018],{"class":235},[44,63640,19239],{"class":239},[44,63642,1018],{"class":235},[44,63644,66],{"class":58},[44,63646,1012],{"class":235},[44,63648,21592],{"class":239},[44,63650,1018],{"class":235},[44,63652,8620],{"class":58},[20,63654,63655],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[131,63657,63659],{"id":63658},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,63661,1462,63662,9969],{},[15,63663,24129],{},[145,63665,63666,63674,63683],{},[148,63667,63668,63669,945,63671],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,63670,52014],{},[15,63672,63673],{},"sort()",[148,63675,63676,63677,945,63679,63682],{},"you want to convert ",[15,63678,35551],{},[15,63680,63681],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[148,63684,63685],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,63687,45399,63688,2255],{},[15,63689,63681],{},[35,63691,63693],{"className":37,"code":63692,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,63694,63695,63719,63735,63739,63762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63696,63697,63699,63701,63703,63705,63707,63709,63711,63713,63715,63717],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63698,4365],{"class":50},[44,63700,55],{"class":54},[44,63702,2993],{"class":58},[44,63704,236],{"class":235},[44,63706,12237],{"class":239},[44,63708,236],{"class":235},[44,63710,66],{"class":58},[44,63712,247],{"class":235},[44,63714,35294],{"class":239},[44,63716,236],{"class":235},[44,63718,3006],{"class":58},[44,63720,63721,63723,63725,63727,63729,63731,63733],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,63722,4434],{"class":50},[44,63724,55],{"class":54},[44,63726,2993],{"class":58},[44,63728,12856],{"class":62},[44,63730,66],{"class":58},[44,63732,12861],{"class":62},[44,63734,3006],{"class":58},[44,63736,63737],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,63738,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,63740,63741,63743,63745,63747,63749,63752,63754,63756,63758,63760],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,63742,8586],{"class":50},[44,63744,55],{"class":54},[44,63746,21907],{"class":121},[44,63748,103],{"class":58},[44,63750,63751],{"class":99},"zip",[44,63753,103],{"class":58},[44,63755,4409],{"class":89},[44,63757,66],{"class":58},[44,63759,4481],{"class":89},[44,63761,993],{"class":58},[44,63763,63764,63766,63768,63770],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,63765,100],{"class":99},[44,63767,103],{"class":58},[44,63769,8633],{"class":89},[44,63771,108],{"class":58},[20,63773,111],{},[35,63775,63777],{"className":37,"code":63776,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,63778,63779],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63780,63781,63783,63785,63787,63789,63791,63793,63795,63797,63799,63801,63803,63805,63807],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63782,21088],{"class":58},[44,63784,1018],{"class":235},[44,63786,12237],{"class":239},[44,63788,1018],{"class":235},[44,63790,66],{"class":58},[44,63792,19246],{"class":62},[44,63794,8604],{"class":58},[44,63796,8607],{"class":58},[44,63798,1018],{"class":235},[44,63800,35294],{"class":239},[44,63802,1018],{"class":235},[44,63804,66],{"class":58},[44,63806,12861],{"class":62},[44,63808,8620],{"class":58},[20,63810,63811,63812,63814,63815,86],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,63813,52014],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[167,63816,52411],{"href":52410},[131,63818,784],{"id":783},[20,63820,56135,63821,86],{},[15,63822,24129],{},[347,63824,63826],{"id":63825},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,63828,3895],{},[35,63830,63832],{"className":37,"code":63831,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,63833,63834,63838],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63835,63836],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63837,3905],{"class":3035},[44,63839,63840,63842,63844,63846,63848,63850,63852,63854],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,63841,7467],{"class":121},[44,63843,103],{"class":58},[44,63845,63],{"class":62},[44,63847,66],{"class":58},[44,63849,69],{"class":62},[44,63851,66],{"class":58},[44,63853,74],{"class":62},[44,63855,108],{"class":58},[20,63857,63858,63860],{},[15,63859,24129],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,63862,18042],{},[35,63864,63866],{"className":37,"code":63865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,63867,63868],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63869,63870,63872,63874,63876,63878,63880,63882,63884,63886,63888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63871,100],{"class":99},[44,63873,103],{"class":58},[44,63875,7467],{"class":121},[44,63877,4880],{"class":58},[44,63879,63],{"class":62},[44,63881,66],{"class":58},[44,63883,69],{"class":62},[44,63885,66],{"class":58},[44,63887,74],{"class":62},[44,63889,2283],{"class":58},[347,63891,63893,63894],{"id":63892},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[44,63895,63896],{},"\"hello\"",[20,63898,63899],{},"This is a common surprise:",[35,63901,63903],{"className":37,"code":63902,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,63904,63905],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63906,63907,63909,63911,63913,63915,63917,63919,63921],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63908,100],{"class":99},[44,63910,103],{"class":58},[44,63912,7467],{"class":121},[44,63914,103],{"class":58},[44,63916,236],{"class":235},[44,63918,3214],{"class":239},[44,63920,236],{"class":235},[44,63922,993],{"class":58},[20,63924,111],{},[35,63926,63928],{"className":37,"code":63927,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,63929,63930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63931,63932,63934,63936,63938,63940,63942,63944,63946,63948,63950,63952,63954,63956,63958,63960,63962,63964,63966,63968,63970,63972],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63933,3270],{"class":58},[44,63935,1018],{"class":235},[44,63937,59799],{"class":239},[44,63939,1018],{"class":235},[44,63941,66],{"class":58},[44,63943,1012],{"class":235},[44,63945,59808],{"class":239},[44,63947,1018],{"class":235},[44,63949,66],{"class":58},[44,63951,1012],{"class":235},[44,63953,59817],{"class":239},[44,63955,1018],{"class":235},[44,63957,66],{"class":58},[44,63959,1012],{"class":235},[44,63961,59817],{"class":239},[44,63963,1018],{"class":235},[44,63965,66],{"class":58},[44,63967,1012],{"class":235},[44,63969,59834],{"class":239},[44,63971,1018],{"class":235},[44,63973,3006],{"class":58},[20,63975,63976],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,63978,63979],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[35,63981,63983],{"className":37,"code":63982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,63984,63985],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63986,63987,63989,63991,63993,63995,63997],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63988,100],{"class":99},[44,63990,2357],{"class":58},[44,63992,236],{"class":235},[44,63994,3214],{"class":239},[44,63996,236],{"class":235},[44,63998,3258],{"class":58},[347,64000,64002],{"id":64001},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64004,64005],{},"This:",[35,64007,64009],{"className":37,"code":64008,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64010,64011,64043],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64012,64013,64015,64017,64019,64021,64023,64025,64027,64029,64031,64033,64035,64037,64039,64041],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64014,8536],{"class":50},[44,64016,55],{"class":54},[44,64018,59],{"class":58},[44,64020,236],{"class":235},[44,64022,167],{"class":239},[44,64024,236],{"class":235},[44,64026,2255],{"class":58},[44,64028,4867],{"class":62},[44,64030,66],{"class":58},[44,64032,247],{"class":235},[44,64034,1164],{"class":239},[44,64036,236],{"class":235},[44,64038,2255],{"class":58},[44,64040,69],{"class":62},[44,64042,77],{"class":58},[44,64044,64045,64047,64049,64051,64053,64055],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,64046,100],{"class":99},[44,64048,103],{"class":58},[44,64050,7467],{"class":121},[44,64052,103],{"class":58},[44,64054,8575],{"class":89},[44,64056,993],{"class":58},[20,64058,64059],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64061,1462,64062,64065],{},[15,64063,64064],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[347,64067,64069],{"id":64068},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64071,64072,64074],{},[15,64073,24129],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64076,64077],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[131,64079,1196],{"id":1195},[347,64081,1234,64083,64085],{"id":64082},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[44,64084],{}," and list()?",[20,64087,64088,64089,64091,64092,64094],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64090,3157],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64093,24129],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[347,64096,64098],{"id":64097},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64100,64101,64102,64104],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64103,24129],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[347,64106,64108],{"id":64107},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64110,64111],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[347,64113,64115],{"id":64114},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64117,64118],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[347,64120,64122],{"id":64121},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64124,64125,64126,64128],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64127,24129],{}," cannot loop through it.",[131,64130,1251],{"id":1250},[145,64132,64133,64137,64142,64146,64150,64154,64158,64163],{},[148,64134,64135],{},[167,64136,52133],{"href":50340},[148,64138,64139],{},[167,64140,64141],{"href":35548},"Python range() function explained",[148,64143,64144],{},[167,64145,62579],{"href":62578},[148,64147,64148],{},[167,64149,62911],{"href":62910},[148,64151,64152],{},[167,64153,4584],{"href":4956},[148,64155,64156],{},[167,64157,13145],{"href":13144},[148,64159,64160],{},[167,64161,64162],{"href":51961},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[148,64164,64165],{},[167,64166,53640],{"href":52410},[1294,64168,64169],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":64171},[64172,64173,64174,64175,64176,64183,64184,64185,64190,64191,64198,64206],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":62281,"depth":80,"text":62282},{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":58980,"depth":80,"text":58981},{"id":62509,"depth":80,"text":62510,"children":64177},[64178,64179,64180,64181,64182],{"id":62513,"depth":96,"text":62514},{"id":62582,"depth":96,"text":62583},{"id":62660,"depth":96,"text":62661},{"id":62735,"depth":96,"text":62736},{"id":62802,"depth":96,"text":62803},{"id":62914,"depth":80,"text":62915},{"id":63050,"depth":80,"text":63051},{"id":63350,"depth":80,"text":63351,"children":64186},[64187,64188,64189],{"id":63359,"depth":96,"text":63360},{"id":63449,"depth":96,"text":63450},{"id":63543,"depth":96,"text":63544},{"id":63658,"depth":80,"text":63659},{"id":783,"depth":80,"text":784,"children":64192},[64193,64194,64196,64197],{"id":63825,"depth":96,"text":63826},{"id":63892,"depth":96,"text":64195},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64001,"depth":96,"text":64002},{"id":64068,"depth":96,"text":64069},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":64199},[64200,64202,64203,64204,64205],{"id":64082,"depth":96,"text":64201},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64097,"depth":96,"text":64098},{"id":64107,"depth":96,"text":64108},{"id":64114,"depth":96,"text":64115},{"id":64121,"depth":96,"text":64122},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62115,"description":64207},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64214,"title":64215,"body":64216,"description":65567,"extension":1331,"meta":65568,"navigation":268,"path":65569,"seo":65570,"stem":65571,"__hash__":65572},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64217,"toc":65541},[64218,64223,64229,64238,64240,64313,64322,64327,64331,64347,64351,64353,64355,64374,64377,64405,64408,64433,64441,64443,64448,64455,64457,64514,64516,64524,64530,64534,64537,64610,64612,64620,64623,64646,64653,64659,64663,64669,64740,64742,64750,64759,64766,64773,64781,64925,64927,64944,64947,64986,64989,64993,64998,65000,65059,65065,65068,65175,65177,65192,65195,65202,65204,65208,65356,65359,65420,65423,65426,65447,65452,65456,65467,65470,65472,65477,65480,65488,65493,65499,65502,65508,65516,65518,65538],[10,64219,53704,64221,18],{"id":64220},"python-list-index-method",[15,64222,58328],{},[20,64224,64225,64228],{},[15,64226,64227],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64230,64231,64232,64235,64236,86],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[30,64233,64234],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64237,40060],{},[131,64239,2979],{"id":2978},[35,64241,64243],{"className":37,"code":64242,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64244,64245,64277,64300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64246,64247,64249,64251,64253,64255,64257,64259,64261,64263,64265,64267,64269,64271,64273,64275],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64248,362],{"class":50},[44,64250,55],{"class":54},[44,64252,2993],{"class":58},[44,64254,236],{"class":235},[44,64256,3450],{"class":239},[44,64258,236],{"class":235},[44,64260,66],{"class":58},[44,64262,247],{"class":235},[44,64264,3459],{"class":239},[44,64266,236],{"class":235},[44,64268,66],{"class":58},[44,64270,247],{"class":235},[44,64272,3468],{"class":239},[44,64274,236],{"class":235},[44,64276,3006],{"class":58},[44,64278,64279,64282,64284,64286,64288,64290,64292,64294,64296,64298],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,64280,64281],{"class":50},"position ",[44,64283,55],{"class":54},[44,64285,5336],{"class":50},[44,64287,86],{"class":58},[44,64289,35199],{"class":89},[44,64291,103],{"class":58},[44,64293,236],{"class":235},[44,64295,3459],{"class":239},[44,64297,236],{"class":235},[44,64299,108],{"class":58},[44,64301,64302,64304,64306,64309,64311],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,64303,100],{"class":99},[44,64305,103],{"class":58},[44,64307,64308],{"class":89},"position",[44,64310,3032],{"class":58},[44,64312,27128],{"class":3035},[20,64314,1462,64315,64318,64319,64321],{},[15,64316,64317],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64320,40060],{}," if the item is not found.",[131,64323,134,64325,137],{"id":64324},"what-listindex-does",[15,64326,64227],{},[20,64328,64329,2255],{},[15,64330,64227],{},[145,64332,64333,64336,64339,64344],{},[148,64334,64335],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[148,64337,64338],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[148,64340,64341,64342],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64343,1490],{},[148,64345,64346],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64348,53927,64349,86],{},[167,64350,52133],{"href":53930},[131,64352,175],{"id":174},[20,64354,30074],{},[35,64356,64358],{"className":37,"code":64357,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64359,64360],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64361,64362,64364,64366,64368,64370,64372],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64363,7713],{"class":50},[44,64365,86],{"class":58},[44,64367,35199],{"class":89},[44,64369,103],{"class":58},[44,64371,1843],{"class":89},[44,64373,108],{"class":58},[20,64375,64376],{},"You can also limit the search:",[35,64378,64380],{"className":37,"code":64379,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64381,64382],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64383,64384,64386,64388,64390,64392,64394,64396,64398,64400,64403],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64385,7713],{"class":50},[44,64387,86],{"class":58},[44,64389,35199],{"class":89},[44,64391,103],{"class":58},[44,64393,1843],{"class":89},[44,64395,66],{"class":58},[44,64397,35405],{"class":89},[44,64399,66],{"class":58},[44,64401,64402],{"class":89}," end",[44,64404,108],{"class":58},[20,64406,64407],{},"Here is what each part means:",[145,64409,64410,64415,64420,64425],{},[148,64411,64412,64414],{},[15,64413,1843],{},": the item to search for",[148,64416,64417,64419],{},[15,64418,35426],{},": where the search begins",[148,64421,64422,64424],{},[15,64423,52022],{},": where the search stops",[148,64426,64427,4153,64429,64432],{},[15,64428,52022],{},[30,64430,64431],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,64434,64435,64436,64438,64439,86],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,64437,35426],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,64440,52022],{},[131,64442,37375],{"id":37374},[20,64444,64445,64447],{},[15,64446,64227],{}," returns an integer.",[20,64449,64450,64451,64454],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[30,64452,64453],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,64456,1578],{},[35,64458,64460],{"className":37,"code":64459,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64461,64462,64482,64500,64504],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64463,64464,64466,64468,64470,64472,64474,64476,64478,64480],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64465,51],{"class":50},[44,64467,55],{"class":54},[44,64469,2993],{"class":58},[44,64471,1701],{"class":62},[44,64473,66],{"class":58},[44,64475,7163],{"class":62},[44,64477,66],{"class":58},[44,64479,7168],{"class":62},[44,64481,3006],{"class":58},[44,64483,64484,64486,64488,64490,64492,64494,64496,64498],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,64485,644],{"class":50},[44,64487,55],{"class":54},[44,64489,649],{"class":50},[44,64491,86],{"class":58},[44,64493,35199],{"class":89},[44,64495,103],{"class":58},[44,64497,15105],{"class":62},[44,64499,108],{"class":58},[44,64501,64502],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,64503,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,64505,64506,64508,64510,64512],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,64507,100],{"class":99},[44,64509,103],{"class":58},[44,64511,668],{"class":89},[44,64513,108],{"class":58},[20,64515,111],{},[35,64517,64518],{"className":37,"code":46276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,64519,64520],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64521,64522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64523,46276],{"class":62},[20,64525,64526,64527,64529],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,64528,58328],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[131,64531,64533],{"id":64532},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,64535,64536],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[35,64538,64540],{"className":37,"code":64539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,64541,64542,64574,64596,64600],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64543,64544,64546,64548,64550,64552,64554,64556,64558,64560,64562,64564,64566,64568,64570,64572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64545,35592],{"class":50},[44,64547,55],{"class":54},[44,64549,2993],{"class":58},[44,64551,236],{"class":235},[44,64553,3450],{"class":239},[44,64555,236],{"class":235},[44,64557,66],{"class":58},[44,64559,247],{"class":235},[44,64561,3459],{"class":239},[44,64563,236],{"class":235},[44,64565,66],{"class":58},[44,64567,247],{"class":235},[44,64569,3468],{"class":239},[44,64571,236],{"class":235},[44,64573,3006],{"class":58},[44,64575,64576,64578,64580,64582,64584,64586,64588,64590,64592,64594],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,64577,64281],{"class":50},[44,64579,55],{"class":54},[44,64581,52213],{"class":50},[44,64583,86],{"class":58},[44,64585,35199],{"class":89},[44,64587,103],{"class":58},[44,64589,236],{"class":235},[44,64591,3468],{"class":239},[44,64593,236],{"class":235},[44,64595,108],{"class":58},[44,64597,64598],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,64599,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,64601,64602,64604,64606,64608],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,64603,100],{"class":99},[44,64605,103],{"class":58},[44,64607,64308],{"class":89},[44,64609,108],{"class":58},[20,64611,111],{},[35,64613,64614],{"className":37,"code":16406,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,64615,64616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64617,64618],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64619,16406],{"class":62},[20,64621,64622],{},"In this list:",[145,64624,64625,64632,64639],{},[148,64626,64627,64629,64630],{},[15,64628,57193],{}," is at index ",[15,64631,1490],{},[148,64633,64634,64629,64637],{},[15,64635,64636],{},"\"banana\"",[15,64638,63],{},[148,64640,64641,64629,64644],{},[15,64642,64643],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,64645,1426],{},[20,64647,53015,64648,772,64651,86],{},[15,64649,64650],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,64652,1426],{},[20,64654,50904,64655,86],{},[167,64656,64658],{"href":64657},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[131,64660,64662],{"id":64661},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,64664,64665,64666,64668],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,64667,58328],{}," returns the first match only.",[35,64670,64672],{"className":37,"code":64671,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,64673,64674,64714,64718],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64675,64676,64678,64680,64682,64684,64686,64688,64690,64692,64694,64696,64698,64700,64702,64704,64706,64708,64710,64712],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64677,228],{"class":50},[44,64679,55],{"class":54},[44,64681,2993],{"class":58},[44,64683,236],{"class":235},[44,64685,240],{"class":239},[44,64687,236],{"class":235},[44,64689,66],{"class":58},[44,64691,247],{"class":235},[44,64693,259],{"class":239},[44,64695,236],{"class":235},[44,64697,66],{"class":58},[44,64699,247],{"class":235},[44,64701,240],{"class":239},[44,64703,236],{"class":235},[44,64705,66],{"class":58},[44,64707,247],{"class":235},[44,64709,250],{"class":239},[44,64711,236],{"class":235},[44,64713,3006],{"class":58},[44,64715,64716],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,64717,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,64719,64720,64722,64724,64726,64728,64730,64732,64734,64736,64738],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,64721,100],{"class":99},[44,64723,103],{"class":58},[44,64725,274],{"class":89},[44,64727,86],{"class":58},[44,64729,35199],{"class":89},[44,64731,103],{"class":58},[44,64733,236],{"class":235},[44,64735,240],{"class":239},[44,64737,236],{"class":235},[44,64739,993],{"class":58},[20,64741,111],{},[35,64743,64744],{"className":37,"code":46611,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,64745,64746],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64747,64748],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64749,46611],{"class":62},[20,64751,20325,64752,64755,64756,64758],{},[15,64753,64754],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,64757,1490],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,64760,64761,64762,86],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[167,64763,54880,64764,1272],{"href":58387},[15,64765,56650],{},[131,64767,350,64769,342,64771],{"id":64768},"using-start-and-end",[15,64770,35426],{},[15,64772,52022],{},[20,64774,64775,64776,342,64778,64780],{},"The optional ",[15,64777,35426],{},[15,64779,52022],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[35,64782,64784],{"className":37,"code":64783,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,64785,64786,64834,64838,64863,64892],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64787,64788,64790,64792,64794,64796,64798,64800,64802,64804,64806,64808,64810,64812,64814,64816,64818,64820,64822,64824,64826,64828,64830,64832],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64789,35444],{"class":50},[44,64791,55],{"class":54},[44,64793,2993],{"class":58},[44,64795,236],{"class":235},[44,64797,167],{"class":239},[44,64799,236],{"class":235},[44,64801,66],{"class":58},[44,64803,247],{"class":235},[44,64805,1164],{"class":239},[44,64807,236],{"class":235},[44,64809,66],{"class":58},[44,64811,247],{"class":235},[44,64813,9109],{"class":239},[44,64815,236],{"class":235},[44,64817,66],{"class":58},[44,64819,247],{"class":235},[44,64821,1164],{"class":239},[44,64823,236],{"class":235},[44,64825,66],{"class":58},[44,64827,247],{"class":235},[44,64829,18115],{"class":239},[44,64831,236],{"class":235},[44,64833,3006],{"class":58},[44,64835,64836],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,64837,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,64839,64840,64842,64844,64846,64848,64850,64852,64854,64856,64858,64860],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,64841,100],{"class":99},[44,64843,103],{"class":58},[44,64845,35497],{"class":89},[44,64847,86],{"class":58},[44,64849,35199],{"class":89},[44,64851,103],{"class":58},[44,64853,236],{"class":235},[44,64855,1164],{"class":239},[44,64857,236],{"class":235},[44,64859,4730],{"class":58},[44,64861,64862],{"class":3035},"        # first match\n",[44,64864,64865,64867,64869,64871,64873,64875,64877,64879,64881,64883,64885,64887,64889],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,64866,100],{"class":99},[44,64868,103],{"class":58},[44,64870,35497],{"class":89},[44,64872,86],{"class":58},[44,64874,35199],{"class":89},[44,64876,103],{"class":58},[44,64878,236],{"class":235},[44,64880,1164],{"class":239},[44,64882,236],{"class":235},[44,64884,66],{"class":58},[44,64886,69],{"class":62},[44,64888,4730],{"class":58},[44,64890,64891],{"class":3035},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[44,64893,64894,64896,64898,64900,64902,64904,64906,64908,64910,64912,64914,64916,64918,64920,64922],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,64895,100],{"class":99},[44,64897,103],{"class":58},[44,64899,35497],{"class":89},[44,64901,86],{"class":58},[44,64903,35199],{"class":89},[44,64905,103],{"class":58},[44,64907,236],{"class":235},[44,64909,1164],{"class":239},[44,64911,236],{"class":235},[44,64913,66],{"class":58},[44,64915,4867],{"class":62},[44,64917,66],{"class":58},[44,64919,1827],{"class":62},[44,64921,4730],{"class":58},[44,64923,64924],{"class":3035},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,64926,111],{},[35,64928,64930],{"className":37,"code":64929,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,64931,64932,64936,64940],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64933,64934],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64935,46276],{"class":62},[44,64937,64938],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,64939,45976],{"class":62},[44,64941,64942],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,64943,46276],{"class":62},[20,64945,64946],{},"How this works:",[145,64948,64949,64961,64974],{},[148,64950,64951,64954,64955,64958,64959],{},[15,64952,64953],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,64956,64957],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,64960,63],{},[148,64962,64963,64966,64967,64969,64970,64958,64972],{},[15,64964,64965],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,64968,1426],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,64971,64957],{},[15,64973,1432],{},[148,64975,64976,64979,64980,1559,64982,16422,64984],{},[15,64977,64978],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,64981,63],{},[15,64983,1426],{},[15,64985,1432],{},[20,64987,64988],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[131,64990,64992],{"id":64991},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,64994,64995,64996,86],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64997,40060],{},[20,64999,1578],{},[35,65001,65003],{"className":37,"code":65002,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65004,65005,65037],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65006,65007,65009,65011,65013,65015,65017,65019,65021,65023,65025,65027,65029,65031,65033,65035],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65008,362],{"class":50},[44,65010,55],{"class":54},[44,65012,2993],{"class":58},[44,65014,236],{"class":235},[44,65016,3450],{"class":239},[44,65018,236],{"class":235},[44,65020,66],{"class":58},[44,65022,247],{"class":235},[44,65024,3459],{"class":239},[44,65026,236],{"class":235},[44,65028,66],{"class":58},[44,65030,247],{"class":235},[44,65032,3468],{"class":239},[44,65034,236],{"class":235},[44,65036,3006],{"class":58},[44,65038,65039,65041,65043,65045,65047,65049,65051,65053,65055,65057],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,65040,100],{"class":99},[44,65042,103],{"class":58},[44,65044,397],{"class":89},[44,65046,86],{"class":58},[44,65048,35199],{"class":89},[44,65050,103],{"class":58},[44,65052,236],{"class":235},[44,65054,32571],{"class":239},[44,65056,236],{"class":235},[44,65058,993],{"class":58},[20,65060,39009,65061,65064],{},[15,65062,65063],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65066,65067],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[35,65069,65071],{"className":37,"code":65070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65072,65073,65105,65118,65122,65135,65154,65160],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65074,65075,65077,65079,65081,65083,65085,65087,65089,65091,65093,65095,65097,65099,65101,65103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65076,362],{"class":50},[44,65078,55],{"class":54},[44,65080,2993],{"class":58},[44,65082,236],{"class":235},[44,65084,3450],{"class":239},[44,65086,236],{"class":235},[44,65088,66],{"class":58},[44,65090,247],{"class":235},[44,65092,3459],{"class":239},[44,65094,236],{"class":235},[44,65096,66],{"class":58},[44,65098,247],{"class":235},[44,65100,3468],{"class":239},[44,65102,236],{"class":235},[44,65104,3006],{"class":58},[44,65106,65107,65110,65112,65114,65116],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,65108,65109],{"class":50},"search_value ",[44,65111,55],{"class":54},[44,65113,247],{"class":235},[44,65115,32571],{"class":239},[44,65117,2727],{"class":235},[44,65119,65120],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,65121,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,65123,65124,65126,65129,65131,65133],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,65125,6369],{"class":3245},[44,65127,65128],{"class":50}," search_value ",[44,65130,3252],{"class":54},[44,65132,5336],{"class":50},[44,65134,5764],{"class":58},[44,65136,65137,65139,65141,65143,65145,65147,65149,65152],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,65138,7442],{"class":99},[44,65140,103],{"class":58},[44,65142,397],{"class":89},[44,65144,86],{"class":58},[44,65146,35199],{"class":89},[44,65148,103],{"class":58},[44,65150,65151],{"class":89},"search_value",[44,65153,993],{"class":58},[44,65155,65156,65158],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,65157,26782],{"class":3245},[44,65159,5764],{"class":58},[44,65161,65162,65164,65166,65168,65171,65173],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,65163,7442],{"class":99},[44,65165,103],{"class":58},[44,65167,236],{"class":235},[44,65169,65170],{"class":239},"Item not found",[44,65172,236],{"class":235},[44,65174,108],{"class":58},[20,65176,111],{},[35,65178,65180],{"className":37,"code":65179,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Item not found\n",[15,65181,65182],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65183,65184,65187,65189],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65185,65186],{"class":50},"Item ",[44,65188,604],{"class":54},[44,65190,65191],{"class":50}," found\n",[20,65193,65194],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65196,65197,65198,86],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[167,65199,65201],{"href":65200},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[131,65203,784],{"id":783},[20,65205,20559,65206,2255],{},[15,65207,64227],{},[145,65209,65210,65228,65240,65300],{},[148,65211,25122,65212,772,65214,65217,65218,65220,65221,4529,65223,65225,65226,86],{},[15,65213,58328],{},[15,65215,65216],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[577,65219],{},"\nPython does ",[30,65222,604],{},[15,65224,65216],{},". It raises ",[15,65227,40060],{},[148,65229,65230,65231,65233,65236,65237,65239],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[577,65232],{},[15,65234,65235],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65238,64636],{},", not the value itself.",[148,65241,350,65242,10459,65245,65247,65249,65250,862,65252,65275,798,65277],{},[15,65243,65244],{},"index[]",[15,65246,58328],{},[577,65248],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[577,65251],{},[35,65253,65255],{"className":37,"code":65254,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65256,65257],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65258,65259,65261,65263,65265,65267,65269,65271,65273],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65260,397],{"class":50},[44,65262,86],{"class":58},[44,65264,35199],{"class":89},[44,65266,103],{"class":58},[44,65268,236],{"class":235},[44,65270,3459],{"class":239},[44,65272,236],{"class":235},[44,65274,108],{"class":58},[577,65276],{},[35,65278,65280],{"className":37,"code":65279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65281,65282],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65283,65284,65286,65288,65290,65292,65294,65296,65298],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65285,397],{"class":50},[44,65287,86],{"class":58},[44,65289,35199],{"class":24098},[44,65291,3270],{"class":58},[44,65293,236],{"class":235},[44,65295,3459],{"class":239},[44,65297,236],{"class":235},[44,65299,3006],{"class":58},[148,65301,65302,65303,65305,342,65308,65310,65311],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[577,65304],{},[15,65306,65307],{},"\"3\"",[15,65309,1432],{}," are different values in Python.",[35,65312,65314],{"className":37,"code":65313,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65315,65316,65336],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65317,65318,65320,65322,65324,65326,65328,65330,65332,65334],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65319,51],{"class":50},[44,65321,55],{"class":54},[44,65323,2993],{"class":58},[44,65325,63],{"class":62},[44,65327,66],{"class":58},[44,65329,69],{"class":62},[44,65331,66],{"class":58},[44,65333,74],{"class":62},[44,65335,3006],{"class":58},[44,65337,65338,65340,65342,65344,65346,65348,65350,65352,65354],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,65339,100],{"class":99},[44,65341,103],{"class":58},[44,65343,236],{"class":235},[44,65345,1432],{"class":239},[44,65347,236],{"class":235},[44,65349,20521],{"class":3245},[44,65351,649],{"class":89},[44,65353,3032],{"class":58},[44,65355,4141],{"class":3035},[20,65357,65358],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[35,65360,65362],{"className":37,"code":65361,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65363,65364,65374,65388,65402],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65365,65366,65368,65370,65372],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65367,100],{"class":99},[44,65369,103],{"class":58},[44,65371,7713],{"class":89},[44,65373,108],{"class":58},[44,65375,65376,65378,65380,65382,65384,65386],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,65377,100],{"class":99},[44,65379,103],{"class":58},[44,65381,985],{"class":121},[44,65383,103],{"class":58},[44,65385,65151],{"class":89},[44,65387,993],{"class":58},[44,65389,65390,65392,65394,65396,65398,65400],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,65391,100],{"class":99},[44,65393,103],{"class":58},[44,65395,65109],{"class":89},[44,65397,3252],{"class":3245},[44,65399,7770],{"class":89},[44,65401,108],{"class":58},[44,65403,65404,65406,65408,65410,65412,65414,65416,65418],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,65405,100],{"class":99},[44,65407,103],{"class":58},[44,65409,7713],{"class":89},[44,65411,86],{"class":58},[44,65413,35199],{"class":89},[44,65415,103],{"class":58},[44,65417,65151],{"class":89},[44,65419,993],{"class":58},[20,65421,65422],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65424,65425],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[145,65427,65428,65431,65438,65444],{},[148,65429,65430],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[148,65432,65433,65434,10459,65436],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,65435,65307],{},[15,65437,1432],{},[148,65439,65440,65441,65443],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,65442,58328],{}," returns only the first one",[148,65445,65446],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[131,65448,4331,65450],{"id":65449},"when-to-use-index",[15,65451,58328],{},[20,65453,1462,65454,9969],{},[15,65455,58328],{},[145,65457,65458,65461,65464],{},[148,65459,65460],{},"You need the position of a known value",[148,65462,65463],{},"You are working with a small list",[148,65465,65466],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,65468,65469],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[131,65471,1196],{"id":1195},[347,65473,1200,65475,1203],{"id":65474},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,65476,64227],{},[20,65478,65479],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[347,65481,1212,65483,4529,65485,65487],{"id":65482},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,65484,64227],{},[15,65486,65216],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,65489,65490,65491,6002],{},"No. It raises ",[15,65492,40060],{},[347,65494,4538,65496,65498],{"id":65495},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,65497,64227],{}," find all matching items?",[20,65500,65501],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[347,65503,65505,65506,1239],{"id":65504},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,65507,58328],{},[20,65509,65510,65511,342,65513,65515],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,65512,35426],{},[15,65514,52022],{}," arguments.",[131,65517,1251],{"id":1250},[145,65519,65520,65524,65528,65532],{},[148,65521,65522],{},[167,65523,58316],{"href":64657},[148,65525,65526],{},[167,65527,52133],{"href":53930},[148,65529,65530],{},[167,65531,65201],{"href":65200},[148,65533,65534],{},[167,65535,54880,65536,1272],{"href":58387},[15,65537,56650],{},[1294,65539,65540],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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{color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":65542},[65543,65544,65546,65547,65548,65549,65550,65552,65553,65554,65556,65566],{"id":2978,"depth":80,"text":2979},{"id":64324,"depth":80,"text":65545},"What list.index() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":37374,"depth":80,"text":37375},{"id":64532,"depth":80,"text":64533},{"id":64661,"depth":80,"text":64662},{"id":64768,"depth":80,"text":65551},"Using start and end",{"id":64991,"depth":80,"text":64992},{"id":783,"depth":80,"text":784},{"id":65449,"depth":80,"text":65555},"When to use index()",{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":65557},[65558,65560,65562,65564],{"id":65474,"depth":96,"text":65559},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65482,"depth":96,"text":65561},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65495,"depth":96,"text":65563},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65504,"depth":96,"text":65565},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64215,"description":65567},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65574,"title":65575,"body":65576,"description":67518,"extension":1331,"meta":67519,"navigation":268,"path":67520,"seo":67521,"stem":67522,"__hash__":67523},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65577,"toc":67478},[65578,65583,65588,65591,65600,65657,65663,65668,65672,65686,65692,65694,65717,65734,65736,65797,65799,65831,65844,65846,65849,65949,65951,66029,66035,66039,66047,66051,66057,66112,66114,66138,66142,66145,66198,66200,66224,66228,66231,66284,66286,66310,66314,66320,66391,66393,66434,66440,66447,66450,66455,66463,66468,66476,66478,66575,66577,66646,66653,66658,66660,66664,66669,66671,66742,66744,66773,66779,66781,66808,66811,66834,66838,66841,66863,66866,66889,66891,66951,66953,66985,66991,66996,67049,67051,67076,67079,67128,67130,67151,67155,67160,67163,67218,67220,67247,67254,67258,67263,67334,67337,67351,67356,67361,67363,67377,67389,67394,67396,67401,67406,67410,67413,67419,67425,67432,67440,67442,67475],[10,65579,53704,65581,18],{"id":65580},"python-list-insert-method",[15,65582,53630],{},[20,65584,65585,65587],{},[15,65586,53273],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,65589,65590],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,65592,1462,65593,65595,65596,86],{},[15,65594,53630],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[167,65597,54880,65598,1272],{"href":56128},[15,65599,52014],{},[35,65601,65603],{"className":37,"code":65602,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,65604,65605,65625,65643,65653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65606,65607,65609,65611,65613,65615,65617,65619,65621,65623],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65608,51],{"class":50},[44,65610,55],{"class":54},[44,65612,2993],{"class":58},[44,65614,63],{"class":62},[44,65616,66],{"class":58},[44,65618,69],{"class":62},[44,65620,66],{"class":58},[44,65622,1827],{"class":62},[44,65624,3006],{"class":58},[44,65626,65627,65629,65631,65633,65635,65637,65639,65641],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,65628,83],{"class":50},[44,65630,86],{"class":58},[44,65632,53313],{"class":89},[44,65634,103],{"class":58},[44,65636,1426],{"class":62},[44,65638,66],{"class":58},[44,65640,74],{"class":62},[44,65642,108],{"class":58},[44,65644,65645,65647,65649,65651],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,65646,100],{"class":99},[44,65648,103],{"class":58},[44,65650,83],{"class":89},[44,65652,108],{"class":58},[44,65654,65655],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,65656,52085],{"class":3035},[20,65658,1462,65659,65662],{},[15,65660,65661],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[131,65664,134,65666,137],{"id":65665},"what-listinsert-does",[15,65667,53273],{},[20,65669,65670,2255],{},[15,65671,53273],{},[145,65673,65674,65677,65680,65682],{},[148,65675,65676],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[148,65678,65679],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[148,65681,53790],{},[148,65683,156,65684],{},[15,65685,159],{},[20,65687,65688,65689,65691],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,65690,53630],{}," does not create a new list.",[131,65693,4800],{"id":4799},[35,65695,65697],{"className":37,"code":65696,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,65698,65699],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65700,65701,65703,65705,65707,65709,65711,65713,65715],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65702,7713],{"class":50},[44,65704,86],{"class":58},[44,65706,53313],{"class":89},[44,65708,103],{"class":58},[44,65710,35199],{"class":89},[44,65712,66],{"class":58},[44,65714,28855],{"class":89},[44,65716,108],{"class":58},[145,65718,65719,65724,65729],{},[148,65720,65721,65723],{},[15,65722,35199],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[148,65725,65726,65728],{},[15,65727,22658],{}," is the value to add",[148,65730,65731,65732],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,65733,1490],{},[20,65735,1578],{},[35,65737,65739],{"className":37,"code":65738,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,65740,65741,65765,65787],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65742,65743,65745,65747,65749,65751,65753,65755,65757,65759,65761,65763],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65744,35444],{"class":50},[44,65746,55],{"class":54},[44,65748,2993],{"class":58},[44,65750,236],{"class":235},[44,65752,167],{"class":239},[44,65754,236],{"class":235},[44,65756,66],{"class":58},[44,65758,247],{"class":235},[44,65760,9109],{"class":239},[44,65762,236],{"class":235},[44,65764,3006],{"class":58},[44,65766,65767,65769,65771,65773,65775,65777,65779,65781,65783,65785],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,65768,35497],{"class":50},[44,65770,86],{"class":58},[44,65772,53313],{"class":89},[44,65774,103],{"class":58},[44,65776,63],{"class":62},[44,65778,66],{"class":58},[44,65780,247],{"class":235},[44,65782,1164],{"class":239},[44,65784,236],{"class":235},[44,65786,108],{"class":58},[44,65788,65789,65791,65793,65795],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,65790,100],{"class":99},[44,65792,103],{"class":58},[44,65794,35497],{"class":89},[44,65796,108],{"class":58},[20,65798,111],{},[35,65800,65801],{"className":37,"code":42233,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,65802,65803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65804,65805,65807,65809,65811,65813,65815,65817,65819,65821,65823,65825,65827,65829],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65806,3270],{"class":58},[44,65808,1018],{"class":235},[44,65810,167],{"class":239},[44,65812,1018],{"class":235},[44,65814,66],{"class":58},[44,65816,1012],{"class":235},[44,65818,1164],{"class":239},[44,65820,1018],{"class":235},[44,65822,66],{"class":58},[44,65824,1012],{"class":235},[44,65826,9109],{"class":239},[44,65828,1018],{"class":235},[44,65830,3006],{"class":58},[20,65832,565,65833,65835,65836,65838,65839,342,65841,86],{},[15,65834,64957],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,65837,63],{},", so it appears between ",[15,65840,17443],{},[15,65842,65843],{},"\"c\"",[131,65845,5157],{"id":5156},[20,65847,65848],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[35,65850,65852],{"className":37,"code":65851,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,65853,65854,65886,65904,65908,65930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65855,65856,65858,65860,65862,65864,65866,65868,65870,65872,65874,65876,65878,65880,65882,65884],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65857,228],{"class":50},[44,65859,55],{"class":54},[44,65861,2993],{"class":58},[44,65863,236],{"class":235},[44,65865,240],{"class":239},[44,65867,236],{"class":235},[44,65869,66],{"class":58},[44,65871,247],{"class":235},[44,65873,259],{"class":239},[44,65875,236],{"class":235},[44,65877,66],{"class":58},[44,65879,247],{"class":235},[44,65881,250],{"class":239},[44,65883,236],{"class":235},[44,65885,3006],{"class":58},[44,65887,65888,65890,65892,65894,65896,65898,65900,65902],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,65889,100],{"class":99},[44,65891,103],{"class":58},[44,65893,236],{"class":235},[44,65895,10925],{"class":239},[44,65897,236],{"class":235},[44,65899,66],{"class":58},[44,65901,12477],{"class":89},[44,65903,108],{"class":58},[44,65905,65906],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,65907,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,65909,65910,65912,65914,65916,65918,65920,65922,65924,65926,65928],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,65911,274],{"class":50},[44,65913,86],{"class":58},[44,65915,53313],{"class":89},[44,65917,103],{"class":58},[44,65919,63],{"class":62},[44,65921,66],{"class":58},[44,65923,247],{"class":235},[44,65925,21871],{"class":239},[44,65927,236],{"class":235},[44,65929,108],{"class":58},[44,65931,65932,65934,65936,65938,65941,65943,65945,65947],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,65933,100],{"class":99},[44,65935,103],{"class":58},[44,65937,236],{"class":235},[44,65939,65940],{"class":239},"After: ",[44,65942,236],{"class":235},[44,65944,66],{"class":58},[44,65946,12477],{"class":89},[44,65948,108],{"class":58},[20,65950,111],{},[35,65952,65954],{"className":37,"code":65953,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,65955,65956,65988],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65957,65958,65960,65962,65964,65966,65968,65970,65972,65974,65976,65978,65980,65982,65984,65986],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65959,10985],{"class":50},[44,65961,2255],{"class":58},[44,65963,2993],{"class":58},[44,65965,1018],{"class":235},[44,65967,240],{"class":239},[44,65969,1018],{"class":235},[44,65971,66],{"class":58},[44,65973,1012],{"class":235},[44,65975,259],{"class":239},[44,65977,1018],{"class":235},[44,65979,66],{"class":58},[44,65981,1012],{"class":235},[44,65983,250],{"class":239},[44,65985,1018],{"class":235},[44,65987,3006],{"class":58},[44,65989,65990,65992,65994,65997,65999,66001,66003,66005,66007,66009,66011,66013,66015,66017,66019,66021,66023,66025,66027],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,65991,11038],{"class":50},[44,65993,2255],{"class":58},[44,65995,65996],{"class":58},"  [",[44,65998,1018],{"class":235},[44,66000,240],{"class":239},[44,66002,1018],{"class":235},[44,66004,66],{"class":58},[44,66006,1012],{"class":235},[44,66008,21871],{"class":239},[44,66010,1018],{"class":235},[44,66012,66],{"class":58},[44,66014,1012],{"class":235},[44,66016,259],{"class":239},[44,66018,1018],{"class":235},[44,66020,66],{"class":58},[44,66022,1012],{"class":235},[44,66024,250],{"class":239},[44,66026,1018],{"class":235},[44,66028,3006],{"class":58},[20,66030,66031,66032,66034],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66033,63],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[131,66036,66038],{"id":66037},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66040,140,66041,34682,66043,66046],{},[15,66042,35199],{},[15,66044,66045],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[347,66048,66050],{"id":66049},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66052,66053,66054,66056],{},"Use index ",[15,66055,1490],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[35,66058,66060],{"className":37,"code":66059,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66061,66062,66083,66102],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66063,66064,66067,66069,66071,66073,66075,66077,66079,66081],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66065,66066],{"class":50},"nums ",[44,66068,55],{"class":54},[44,66070,2993],{"class":58},[44,66072,1426],{"class":62},[44,66074,66],{"class":58},[44,66076,74],{"class":62},[44,66078,66],{"class":58},[44,66080,1827],{"class":62},[44,66082,3006],{"class":58},[44,66084,66085,66088,66090,66092,66094,66096,66098,66100],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,66086,66087],{"class":50},"nums",[44,66089,86],{"class":58},[44,66091,53313],{"class":89},[44,66093,103],{"class":58},[44,66095,1490],{"class":62},[44,66097,66],{"class":58},[44,66099,4867],{"class":62},[44,66101,108],{"class":58},[44,66103,66104,66106,66108,66110],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,66105,100],{"class":99},[44,66107,103],{"class":58},[44,66109,66087],{"class":89},[44,66111,108],{"class":58},[20,66113,111],{},[35,66115,66116],{"className":37,"code":52867,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66117,66118],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66119,66120,66122,66124,66126,66128,66130,66132,66134,66136],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66121,3270],{"class":58},[44,66123,63],{"class":62},[44,66125,66],{"class":58},[44,66127,69],{"class":62},[44,66129,66],{"class":58},[44,66131,74],{"class":62},[44,66133,66],{"class":58},[44,66135,1827],{"class":62},[44,66137,3006],{"class":58},[347,66139,66141],{"id":66140},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66143,66144],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[35,66146,66148],{"className":37,"code":66147,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66149,66150,66170,66188],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66151,66152,66154,66156,66158,66160,66162,66164,66166,66168],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66153,66066],{"class":50},[44,66155,55],{"class":54},[44,66157,2993],{"class":58},[44,66159,63],{"class":62},[44,66161,66],{"class":58},[44,66163,69],{"class":62},[44,66165,66],{"class":58},[44,66167,1827],{"class":62},[44,66169,3006],{"class":58},[44,66171,66172,66174,66176,66178,66180,66182,66184,66186],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,66173,66087],{"class":50},[44,66175,86],{"class":58},[44,66177,53313],{"class":89},[44,66179,103],{"class":58},[44,66181,1426],{"class":62},[44,66183,66],{"class":58},[44,66185,74],{"class":62},[44,66187,108],{"class":58},[44,66189,66190,66192,66194,66196],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,66191,100],{"class":99},[44,66193,103],{"class":58},[44,66195,66087],{"class":89},[44,66197,108],{"class":58},[20,66199,111],{},[35,66201,66202],{"className":37,"code":52867,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66203,66204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66205,66206,66208,66210,66212,66214,66216,66218,66220,66222],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66207,3270],{"class":58},[44,66209,63],{"class":62},[44,66211,66],{"class":58},[44,66213,69],{"class":62},[44,66215,66],{"class":58},[44,66217,74],{"class":62},[44,66219,66],{"class":58},[44,66221,1827],{"class":62},[44,66223,3006],{"class":58},[347,66225,66227],{"id":66226},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66229,66230],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[35,66232,66234],{"className":37,"code":66233,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66235,66236,66256,66274],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66237,66238,66240,66242,66244,66246,66248,66250,66252,66254],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66239,66066],{"class":50},[44,66241,55],{"class":54},[44,66243,2993],{"class":58},[44,66245,63],{"class":62},[44,66247,66],{"class":58},[44,66249,69],{"class":62},[44,66251,66],{"class":58},[44,66253,74],{"class":62},[44,66255,3006],{"class":58},[44,66257,66258,66260,66262,66264,66266,66268,66270,66272],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,66259,66087],{"class":50},[44,66261,86],{"class":58},[44,66263,53313],{"class":89},[44,66265,103],{"class":58},[44,66267,1701],{"class":62},[44,66269,66],{"class":58},[44,66271,1827],{"class":62},[44,66273,108],{"class":58},[44,66275,66276,66278,66280,66282],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,66277,100],{"class":99},[44,66279,103],{"class":58},[44,66281,66087],{"class":89},[44,66283,108],{"class":58},[20,66285,111],{},[35,66287,66288],{"className":37,"code":52867,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66289,66290],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66291,66292,66294,66296,66298,66300,66302,66304,66306,66308],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66293,3270],{"class":58},[44,66295,63],{"class":62},[44,66297,66],{"class":58},[44,66299,69],{"class":62},[44,66301,66],{"class":58},[44,66303,74],{"class":62},[44,66305,66],{"class":58},[44,66307,1827],{"class":62},[44,66309,3006],{"class":58},[347,66311,66313],{"id":66312},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66315,66316,66317,66319],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66318,53630],{}," places the item before that position.",[35,66321,66323],{"className":37,"code":66322,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66324,66325,66357,66381],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66326,66327,66329,66331,66333,66335,66337,66339,66341,66343,66345,66347,66349,66351,66353,66355],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66328,35444],{"class":50},[44,66330,55],{"class":54},[44,66332,2993],{"class":58},[44,66334,236],{"class":235},[44,66336,167],{"class":239},[44,66338,236],{"class":235},[44,66340,66],{"class":58},[44,66342,247],{"class":235},[44,66344,1164],{"class":239},[44,66346,236],{"class":235},[44,66348,66],{"class":58},[44,66350,247],{"class":235},[44,66352,18115],{"class":239},[44,66354,236],{"class":235},[44,66356,3006],{"class":58},[44,66358,66359,66361,66363,66365,66367,66369,66371,66373,66375,66377,66379],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,66360,35497],{"class":50},[44,66362,86],{"class":58},[44,66364,53313],{"class":89},[44,66366,103],{"class":58},[44,66368,1391],{"class":54},[44,66370,63],{"class":62},[44,66372,66],{"class":58},[44,66374,247],{"class":235},[44,66376,9109],{"class":239},[44,66378,236],{"class":235},[44,66380,108],{"class":58},[44,66382,66383,66385,66387,66389],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,66384,100],{"class":99},[44,66386,103],{"class":58},[44,66388,35497],{"class":89},[44,66390,108],{"class":58},[20,66392,111],{},[35,66394,66396],{"className":37,"code":66395,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66397,66398],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66399,66400,66402,66404,66406,66408,66410,66412,66414,66416,66418,66420,66422,66424,66426,66428,66430,66432],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66401,3270],{"class":58},[44,66403,1018],{"class":235},[44,66405,167],{"class":239},[44,66407,1018],{"class":235},[44,66409,66],{"class":58},[44,66411,1012],{"class":235},[44,66413,1164],{"class":239},[44,66415,1018],{"class":235},[44,66417,66],{"class":58},[44,66419,1012],{"class":235},[44,66421,9109],{"class":239},[44,66423,1018],{"class":235},[44,66425,66],{"class":58},[44,66427,1012],{"class":235},[44,66429,18115],{"class":239},[44,66431,1018],{"class":235},[44,66433,3006],{"class":58},[20,66435,66436,66437,1674],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[167,66438,66439],{"href":50340},"Python lists beginner guide",[131,66441,66443,9953,66445],{"id":66442},"insert-vs-append",[15,66444,53630],{},[15,66446,52014],{},[20,66448,66449],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[347,66451,1462,66453,9969],{"id":66452},"use-insert-when",[15,66454,53630],{},[145,66456,66457,66460],{},[148,66458,66459],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[148,66461,66462],{},"The order of the list matters",[347,66464,1462,66466,9969],{"id":66465},"use-append-when",[15,66467,52014],{},[145,66469,66470,66473],{},[148,66471,66472],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[148,66474,66475],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,66477,1578],{},[35,66479,66481],{"className":37,"code":66480,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,66482,66483,66507,66511,66533,66543,66547,66565],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66484,66485,66487,66489,66491,66493,66495,66497,66499,66501,66503,66505],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66486,362],{"class":50},[44,66488,55],{"class":54},[44,66490,2993],{"class":58},[44,66492,236],{"class":235},[44,66494,3450],{"class":239},[44,66496,236],{"class":235},[44,66498,66],{"class":58},[44,66500,247],{"class":235},[44,66502,32571],{"class":239},[44,66504,236],{"class":235},[44,66506,3006],{"class":58},[44,66508,66509],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,66510,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,66512,66513,66515,66517,66519,66521,66523,66525,66527,66529,66531],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,66514,397],{"class":50},[44,66516,86],{"class":58},[44,66518,53313],{"class":89},[44,66520,103],{"class":58},[44,66522,63],{"class":62},[44,66524,66],{"class":58},[44,66526,247],{"class":235},[44,66528,3459],{"class":239},[44,66530,236],{"class":235},[44,66532,108],{"class":58},[44,66534,66535,66537,66539,66541],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,66536,100],{"class":99},[44,66538,103],{"class":58},[44,66540,397],{"class":89},[44,66542,108],{"class":58},[44,66544,66545],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,66546,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,66548,66549,66551,66553,66555,66557,66559,66561,66563],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,66550,397],{"class":50},[44,66552,86],{"class":58},[44,66554,12907],{"class":89},[44,66556,103],{"class":58},[44,66558,236],{"class":235},[44,66560,21880],{"class":239},[44,66562,236],{"class":235},[44,66564,108],{"class":58},[44,66566,66567,66569,66571,66573],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,66568,100],{"class":99},[44,66570,103],{"class":58},[44,66572,397],{"class":89},[44,66574,108],{"class":58},[20,66576,111],{},[35,66578,66580],{"className":37,"code":66579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,66581,66582,66610],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66583,66584,66586,66588,66590,66592,66594,66596,66598,66600,66602,66604,66606,66608],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66585,3270],{"class":58},[44,66587,1018],{"class":235},[44,66589,3450],{"class":239},[44,66591,1018],{"class":235},[44,66593,66],{"class":58},[44,66595,1012],{"class":235},[44,66597,3459],{"class":239},[44,66599,1018],{"class":235},[44,66601,66],{"class":58},[44,66603,1012],{"class":235},[44,66605,32571],{"class":239},[44,66607,1018],{"class":235},[44,66609,3006],{"class":58},[44,66611,66612,66614,66616,66618,66620,66622,66624,66626,66628,66630,66632,66634,66636,66638,66640,66642,66644],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,66613,3270],{"class":58},[44,66615,1018],{"class":235},[44,66617,3450],{"class":239},[44,66619,1018],{"class":235},[44,66621,66],{"class":58},[44,66623,1012],{"class":235},[44,66625,3459],{"class":239},[44,66627,1018],{"class":235},[44,66629,66],{"class":58},[44,66631,1012],{"class":235},[44,66633,32571],{"class":239},[44,66635,1018],{"class":235},[44,66637,66],{"class":58},[44,66639,1012],{"class":235},[44,66641,21880],{"class":239},[44,66643,1018],{"class":235},[44,66645,3006],{"class":58},[20,66647,66648,66649,86],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[167,66650,54880,66651,1272],{"href":56128},[15,66652,52014],{},[20,66654,66655,66656,86],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[167,66657,52411],{"href":52410},[131,66659,784],{"id":783},[20,66661,14087,66662,86],{},[15,66663,53630],{},[347,66665,793,66667],{"id":66666},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,66668,53630],{},[20,66670,961],{},[35,66672,66674],{"className":37,"code":66673,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,66675,66676,66696,66718,66722,66732],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66677,66678,66680,66682,66684,66686,66688,66690,66692,66694],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66679,51],{"class":50},[44,66681,55],{"class":54},[44,66683,2993],{"class":58},[44,66685,63],{"class":62},[44,66687,66],{"class":58},[44,66689,69],{"class":62},[44,66691,66],{"class":58},[44,66693,74],{"class":62},[44,66695,3006],{"class":58},[44,66697,66698,66700,66702,66704,66706,66708,66710,66712,66714,66716],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,66699,644],{"class":50},[44,66701,55],{"class":54},[44,66703,649],{"class":50},[44,66705,86],{"class":58},[44,66707,53313],{"class":89},[44,66709,103],{"class":58},[44,66711,63],{"class":62},[44,66713,66],{"class":58},[44,66715,9565],{"class":62},[44,66717,108],{"class":58},[44,66719,66720],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,66721,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,66723,66724,66726,66728,66730],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,66725,100],{"class":99},[44,66727,103],{"class":58},[44,66729,668],{"class":89},[44,66731,108],{"class":58},[44,66733,66734,66736,66738,66740],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,66735,100],{"class":99},[44,66737,103],{"class":58},[44,66739,83],{"class":89},[44,66741,108],{"class":58},[20,66743,111],{},[35,66745,66747],{"className":37,"code":66746,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,66748,66749,66753],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66750,66751],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66752,693],{"class":692},[44,66754,66755,66757,66759,66761,66763,66765,66767,66769,66771],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,66756,3270],{"class":58},[44,66758,63],{"class":62},[44,66760,66],{"class":58},[44,66762,9565],{"class":62},[44,66764,66],{"class":58},[44,66766,69],{"class":62},[44,66768,66],{"class":58},[44,66770,74],{"class":62},[44,66772,3006],{"class":58},[20,66774,66775,53515,66777,86],{},[15,66776,53630],{},[15,66778,159],{},[20,66780,798],{},[35,66782,66784],{"className":37,"code":66783,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,66785,66786],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66787,66788,66790,66792,66794,66796,66798,66800,66802,66804,66806],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66789,55249],{"class":50},[44,66791,55],{"class":54},[44,66793,649],{"class":50},[44,66795,86],{"class":58},[44,66797,53313],{"class":89},[44,66799,103],{"class":58},[44,66801,63],{"class":62},[44,66803,66],{"class":58},[44,66805,9565],{"class":62},[44,66807,108],{"class":58},[20,66809,66810],{},"Right:",[35,66812,66814],{"className":37,"code":66813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,66815,66816],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66817,66818,66820,66822,66824,66826,66828,66830,66832],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66819,83],{"class":50},[44,66821,86],{"class":58},[44,66823,53313],{"class":89},[44,66825,103],{"class":58},[44,66827,63],{"class":62},[44,66829,66],{"class":58},[44,66831,9565],{"class":62},[44,66833,108],{"class":58},[347,66835,66837],{"id":66836},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,66839,66840],{},"The correct order is:",[35,66842,66843],{"className":37,"code":65696,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66844,66845],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66846,66847,66849,66851,66853,66855,66857,66859,66861],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66848,7713],{"class":50},[44,66850,86],{"class":58},[44,66852,53313],{"class":89},[44,66854,103],{"class":58},[44,66856,35199],{"class":89},[44,66858,66],{"class":58},[44,66860,28855],{"class":89},[44,66862,108],{"class":58},[20,66864,66865],{},"Not:",[35,66867,66869],{"className":37,"code":66868,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,66870,66871],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66872,66873,66875,66877,66879,66881,66883,66885,66887],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66874,7713],{"class":50},[44,66876,86],{"class":58},[44,66878,53313],{"class":89},[44,66880,103],{"class":58},[44,66882,22658],{"class":89},[44,66884,66],{"class":58},[44,66886,35174],{"class":89},[44,66888,108],{"class":58},[20,66890,1578],{},[35,66892,66893],{"className":37,"code":65738,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66894,66895,66919,66941],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66896,66897,66899,66901,66903,66905,66907,66909,66911,66913,66915,66917],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66898,35444],{"class":50},[44,66900,55],{"class":54},[44,66902,2993],{"class":58},[44,66904,236],{"class":235},[44,66906,167],{"class":239},[44,66908,236],{"class":235},[44,66910,66],{"class":58},[44,66912,247],{"class":235},[44,66914,9109],{"class":239},[44,66916,236],{"class":235},[44,66918,3006],{"class":58},[44,66920,66921,66923,66925,66927,66929,66931,66933,66935,66937,66939],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,66922,35497],{"class":50},[44,66924,86],{"class":58},[44,66926,53313],{"class":89},[44,66928,103],{"class":58},[44,66930,63],{"class":62},[44,66932,66],{"class":58},[44,66934,247],{"class":235},[44,66936,1164],{"class":239},[44,66938,236],{"class":235},[44,66940,108],{"class":58},[44,66942,66943,66945,66947,66949],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,66944,100],{"class":99},[44,66946,103],{"class":58},[44,66948,35497],{"class":89},[44,66950,108],{"class":58},[20,66952,111],{},[35,66954,66955],{"className":37,"code":42233,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66956,66957],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66958,66959,66961,66963,66965,66967,66969,66971,66973,66975,66977,66979,66981,66983],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66960,3270],{"class":58},[44,66962,1018],{"class":235},[44,66964,167],{"class":239},[44,66966,1018],{"class":235},[44,66968,66],{"class":58},[44,66970,1012],{"class":235},[44,66972,1164],{"class":239},[44,66974,1018],{"class":235},[44,66976,66],{"class":58},[44,66978,1012],{"class":235},[44,66980,9109],{"class":239},[44,66982,1018],{"class":235},[44,66984,3006],{"class":58},[347,66986,923,66988,66990],{"id":66987},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,66989,53630],{}," to replace an item",[20,66992,66993,66995],{},[15,66994,53630],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[35,66997,66999],{"className":37,"code":66998,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67000,67001,67021,67039],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67002,67003,67005,67007,67009,67011,67013,67015,67017,67019],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67004,51],{"class":50},[44,67006,55],{"class":54},[44,67008,2993],{"class":58},[44,67010,63],{"class":62},[44,67012,66],{"class":58},[44,67014,69],{"class":62},[44,67016,66],{"class":58},[44,67018,74],{"class":62},[44,67020,3006],{"class":58},[44,67022,67023,67025,67027,67029,67031,67033,67035,67037],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,67024,83],{"class":50},[44,67026,86],{"class":58},[44,67028,53313],{"class":89},[44,67030,103],{"class":58},[44,67032,63],{"class":62},[44,67034,66],{"class":58},[44,67036,9565],{"class":62},[44,67038,108],{"class":58},[44,67040,67041,67043,67045,67047],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,67042,100],{"class":99},[44,67044,103],{"class":58},[44,67046,83],{"class":89},[44,67048,108],{"class":58},[20,67050,111],{},[35,67052,67054],{"className":37,"code":67053,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67055,67056],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67057,67058,67060,67062,67064,67066,67068,67070,67072,67074],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67059,3270],{"class":58},[44,67061,63],{"class":62},[44,67063,66],{"class":58},[44,67065,9565],{"class":62},[44,67067,66],{"class":58},[44,67069,69],{"class":62},[44,67071,66],{"class":58},[44,67073,74],{"class":62},[44,67075,3006],{"class":58},[20,67077,67078],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[35,67080,67082],{"className":37,"code":67081,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67083,67084,67104,67118],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67085,67086,67088,67090,67092,67094,67096,67098,67100,67102],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67087,51],{"class":50},[44,67089,55],{"class":54},[44,67091,2993],{"class":58},[44,67093,63],{"class":62},[44,67095,66],{"class":58},[44,67097,69],{"class":62},[44,67099,66],{"class":58},[44,67101,74],{"class":62},[44,67103,3006],{"class":58},[44,67105,67106,67108,67110,67112,67114,67116],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,67107,83],{"class":50},[44,67109,3270],{"class":58},[44,67111,63],{"class":62},[44,67113,12627],{"class":58},[44,67115,12630],{"class":54},[44,67117,13484],{"class":62},[44,67119,67120,67122,67124,67126],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,67121,100],{"class":99},[44,67123,103],{"class":58},[44,67125,83],{"class":89},[44,67127,108],{"class":58},[20,67129,111],{},[35,67131,67133],{"className":37,"code":67132,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67134,67135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67136,67137,67139,67141,67143,67145,67147,67149],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67138,3270],{"class":58},[44,67140,63],{"class":62},[44,67142,66],{"class":58},[44,67144,9565],{"class":62},[44,67146,66],{"class":58},[44,67148,74],{"class":62},[44,67150,3006],{"class":58},[347,67152,67154],{"id":67153},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67156,67157,67159],{},[15,67158,53630],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67161,67162],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[35,67164,67166],{"className":37,"code":67165,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67167,67168,67184,67208],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67169,67170,67172,67174,67176,67178,67180,67182],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67171,51],{"class":50},[44,67173,55],{"class":54},[44,67175,2993],{"class":58},[44,67177,63],{"class":62},[44,67179,66],{"class":58},[44,67181,1827],{"class":62},[44,67183,3006],{"class":58},[44,67185,67186,67188,67190,67192,67194,67196,67198,67200,67202,67204,67206],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,67187,83],{"class":50},[44,67189,86],{"class":58},[44,67191,53313],{"class":89},[44,67193,103],{"class":58},[44,67195,63],{"class":62},[44,67197,66],{"class":58},[44,67199,2993],{"class":58},[44,67201,1426],{"class":62},[44,67203,66],{"class":58},[44,67205,74],{"class":62},[44,67207,3258],{"class":58},[44,67209,67210,67212,67214,67216],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,67211,100],{"class":99},[44,67213,103],{"class":58},[44,67215,83],{"class":89},[44,67217,108],{"class":58},[20,67219,111],{},[35,67221,67223],{"className":37,"code":67222,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67224,67225],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67226,67227,67229,67231,67233,67235,67237,67239,67241,67243,67245],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67228,3270],{"class":58},[44,67230,63],{"class":62},[44,67232,66],{"class":58},[44,67234,2993],{"class":58},[44,67236,1426],{"class":62},[44,67238,66],{"class":58},[44,67240,74],{"class":62},[44,67242,17409],{"class":58},[44,67244,1827],{"class":62},[44,67246,3006],{"class":58},[20,67248,67249,67250,86],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[167,67251,54880,67252,1272],{"href":52706},[15,67253,52808],{},[347,67255,67257],{"id":67256},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67259,8245,67260,67262],{},[15,67261,53630],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[35,67264,67266],{"className":37,"code":67265,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67267,67268,67278,67292,67310,67324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67269,67270,67272,67274,67276],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67271,100],{"class":99},[44,67273,103],{"class":58},[44,67275,7713],{"class":89},[44,67277,108],{"class":58},[44,67279,67280,67282,67284,67286,67288,67290],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,67281,100],{"class":99},[44,67283,103],{"class":58},[44,67285,10529],{"class":99},[44,67287,103],{"class":58},[44,67289,7713],{"class":89},[44,67291,993],{"class":58},[44,67293,67294,67296,67298,67300,67302,67304,67306,67308],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,67295,100],{"class":99},[44,67297,103],{"class":58},[44,67299,7713],{"class":89},[44,67301,86],{"class":58},[44,67303,53313],{"class":24098},[44,67305,86],{"class":58},[44,67307,33797],{"class":33804},[44,67309,108],{"class":58},[44,67311,67312,67314,67316,67318,67320,67322],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,67313,31502],{"class":99},[44,67315,103],{"class":58},[44,67317,7467],{"class":121},[44,67319,86],{"class":58},[44,67321,53313],{"class":24098},[44,67323,108],{"class":58},[44,67325,67326,67328,67330,67332],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,67327,985],{"class":121},[44,67329,103],{"class":58},[44,67331,7713],{"class":89},[44,67333,108],{"class":58},[20,67335,67336],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[145,67338,67339,67342,67345,67348],{},[148,67340,67341],{},"What is currently in the list",[148,67343,67344],{},"How long the list is",[148,67346,67347],{},"That you are working with a real list",[148,67349,67350],{},"How Python describes the method",[131,67352,4331,67354],{"id":67353},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67355,53630],{},[20,67357,1462,67358,67360],{},[15,67359,53630],{}," when position matters.",[20,67362,35779],{},[145,67364,67365,67368,67371,67374],{},[148,67366,67367],{},"Ordered menus",[148,67369,67370],{},"Rankings or score lists",[148,67372,67373],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[148,67375,67376],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67378,67379,67380,67382,67383,67385,67386,67388],{},"You usually do ",[30,67381,604],{}," need ",[15,67384,53630],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67387,52014],{}," is simpler.",[20,67390,67391,67392,86],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[167,67393,56514],{"href":56513},[131,67395,1196],{"id":1195},[347,67397,1212,67399,54829],{"id":67398},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67400,53273],{},[20,67402,67403,67404,86],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67405,159],{},[347,67407,67409],{"id":67408},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67411,67412],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[347,67414,4538,67416,67418],{"id":67415},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67417,53273],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67420,67421,67422,67424],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67423,52808],{}," or slicing.",[347,67426,1234,67428,342,67430,1239],{"id":67427},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67429,53630],{},[15,67431,52014],{},[20,67433,67434,67436,67437,67439],{},[15,67435,53630],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,67438,52014],{}," adds only at the end.",[131,67441,1251],{"id":1250},[145,67443,67444,67450,67456,67460,67464,67468],{},[148,67445,67446],{},[167,67447,54880,67448,1272],{"href":56128},[15,67449,52014],{},[148,67451,67452],{},[167,67453,54880,67454,1272],{"href":52706},[15,67455,52808],{},[148,67457,67458],{},[167,67459,53640],{"href":52410},[148,67461,67462],{},[167,67463,52133],{"href":50340},[148,67465,67466],{},[167,67467,56588],{"href":56513},[148,67469,67470],{},[167,67471,29696,67472,32984],{"href":53658},[15,67473,67474],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1294,67476,67477],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":67479},[67480,67482,67483,67484,67490,67497,67506,67508,67517],{"id":65665,"depth":80,"text":67481},"What list.insert() does",{"id":4799,"depth":80,"text":4800},{"id":5156,"depth":80,"text":5157},{"id":66037,"depth":80,"text":66038,"children":67485},[67486,67487,67488,67489],{"id":66049,"depth":96,"text":66050},{"id":66140,"depth":96,"text":66141},{"id":66226,"depth":96,"text":66227},{"id":66312,"depth":96,"text":66313},{"id":66442,"depth":80,"text":67491,"children":67492},"insert() vs append()",[67493,67495],{"id":66452,"depth":96,"text":67494},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66465,"depth":96,"text":67496},"Use append() when:",{"id":783,"depth":80,"text":784,"children":67498},[67499,67501,67502,67504,67505],{"id":66666,"depth":96,"text":67500},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":66836,"depth":96,"text":66837},{"id":66987,"depth":96,"text":67503},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67153,"depth":96,"text":67154},{"id":67256,"depth":96,"text":67257},{"id":67353,"depth":80,"text":67507},"When to use insert()",{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":67509},[67510,67512,67513,67515],{"id":67398,"depth":96,"text":67511},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67408,"depth":96,"text":67409},{"id":67415,"depth":96,"text":67514},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67427,"depth":96,"text":67516},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65575,"description":67518},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67525,"title":67526,"body":67527,"description":69082,"extension":1331,"meta":69083,"navigation":268,"path":58333,"seo":69084,"stem":69085,"__hash__":69086},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67528,"toc":69055},[67529,67535,67544,67593,67595,67603,67609,67611,67629,67635,67640,67643,67646,67661,67663,67715,67717,67725,67733,67740,67742,67748,67813,67815,67823,67825,67844,67847,67898,67902,67907,67934,67936,67944,67947,68016,68018,68033,68039,68043,68052,68055,68110,68112,68120,68123,68125,68170,68172,68180,68186,68188,68196,68199,68201,68240,68242,68281,68286,68288,68290,68325,68328,68330,68368,68372,68378,68380,68431,68433,68441,68448,68451,68472,68475,68530,68541,68543,68604,68606,68615,68622,68628,68631,68634,68691,68694,68707,68714,68720,68726,68728,68741,68744,68841,68843,68860,68863,68945,68947,68969,68976,68982,68984,68988,68994,69000,69005,69009,69012,69018,69025,69027,69052],[10,67530,67532,67533,3032],{"id":67531},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,67534,10529],{},[20,67536,67537,67538,67540,67541,67543],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,67539,41718],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,67542,41718],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[35,67545,67547],{"className":37,"code":67546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,67548,67549,67569,67583],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67550,67551,67553,67555,67557,67559,67561,67563,67565,67567],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67552,51],{"class":50},[44,67554,55],{"class":54},[44,67556,2993],{"class":58},[44,67558,1701],{"class":62},[44,67560,66],{"class":58},[44,67562,7163],{"class":62},[44,67564,66],{"class":58},[44,67566,7168],{"class":62},[44,67568,3006],{"class":58},[44,67570,67571,67573,67575,67577,67579,67581],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,67572,40598],{"class":50},[44,67574,55],{"class":54},[44,67576,37741],{"class":99},[44,67578,103],{"class":58},[44,67580,83],{"class":89},[44,67582,108],{"class":58},[44,67584,67585,67587,67589,67591],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,67586,100],{"class":99},[44,67588,103],{"class":58},[44,67590,40616],{"class":89},[44,67592,108],{"class":58},[20,67594,111],{},[35,67596,67597],{"className":37,"code":45976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67598,67599],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67600,67601],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67602,45976],{"class":62},[20,67604,1462,67605,67608],{},[15,67606,67607],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[131,67610,14516],{"id":14515},[145,67612,67613,67618,67623,67626],{},[148,67614,3570,67615,67617],{},[15,67616,41718],{}," works with Python lists",[148,67619,67620,67621,11065],{},"What value ",[15,67622,41718],{},[148,67624,67625],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[148,67627,67628],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[131,67630,134,67632,67634],{"id":67631},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,67633,41718],{}," returns for a list",[20,67636,67637,64447],{},[15,67638,67639],{},"len(my_list)",[20,67641,67642],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,67644,67645],{},"A few important points:",[145,67647,67648,67651,67656],{},[148,67649,67650],{},"It counts list items",[148,67652,40262,67653,67655],{},[30,67654,604],{}," count characters inside a string item",[148,67657,67658,67659],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,67660,1490],{},[20,67662,1578],{},[35,67664,67666],{"className":37,"code":67665,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,67667,67668,67701],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67669,67670,67672,67674,67676,67678,67680,67682,67684,67686,67689,67691,67693,67695,67697,67699],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67671,3441],{"class":50},[44,67673,55],{"class":54},[44,67675,2993],{"class":58},[44,67677,236],{"class":235},[44,67679,36401],{"class":239},[44,67681,236],{"class":235},[44,67683,66],{"class":58},[44,67685,247],{"class":235},[44,67687,67688],{"class":239},"elephant",[44,67690,236],{"class":235},[44,67692,66],{"class":58},[44,67694,247],{"class":235},[44,67696,57487],{"class":239},[44,67698,236],{"class":235},[44,67700,3006],{"class":58},[44,67702,67703,67705,67707,67709,67711,67713],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,67704,100],{"class":99},[44,67706,103],{"class":58},[44,67708,10529],{"class":99},[44,67710,103],{"class":58},[44,67712,3485],{"class":89},[44,67714,993],{"class":58},[20,67716,111],{},[35,67718,67719],{"className":37,"code":45976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67720,67721],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67722,67723],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67724,45976],{"class":62},[20,67726,20325,67727,67730,67731,64454],{},[15,67728,67729],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[30,67732,52018],{},[20,67734,67735,67736,86],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[167,67737,2945,67738,2878],{"href":41715},[15,67739,41718],{},[131,67741,5157],{"id":5156},[20,67743,67744,67745,67747],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,67746,41718],{},", and print the result.",[35,67749,67751],{"className":37,"code":67750,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,67752,67753,67785,67799,67803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67754,67755,67757,67759,67761,67763,67765,67767,67769,67771,67773,67775,67777,67779,67781,67783],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67756,228],{"class":50},[44,67758,55],{"class":54},[44,67760,2993],{"class":58},[44,67762,236],{"class":235},[44,67764,240],{"class":239},[44,67766,236],{"class":235},[44,67768,66],{"class":58},[44,67770,247],{"class":235},[44,67772,250],{"class":239},[44,67774,236],{"class":235},[44,67776,66],{"class":58},[44,67778,247],{"class":235},[44,67780,259],{"class":239},[44,67782,236],{"class":235},[44,67784,3006],{"class":58},[44,67786,67787,67789,67791,67793,67795,67797],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,67788,40598],{"class":50},[44,67790,55],{"class":54},[44,67792,37741],{"class":99},[44,67794,103],{"class":58},[44,67796,274],{"class":89},[44,67798,108],{"class":58},[44,67800,67801],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,67802,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,67804,67805,67807,67809,67811],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,67806,100],{"class":99},[44,67808,103],{"class":58},[44,67810,40616],{"class":89},[44,67812,108],{"class":58},[20,67814,111],{},[35,67816,67817],{"className":37,"code":45976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67818,67819],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67820,67821],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67822,45976],{"class":62},[20,67824,311],{},[145,67826,67827,67832,67839],{},[148,67828,67829,67831],{},[15,67830,274],{}," is a list with 3 items",[148,67833,67834,772,67837],{},[15,67835,67836],{},"len(colors)",[15,67838,1432],{},[148,67840,67841,67842],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,67843,40616],{},[20,67845,67846],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[35,67848,67850],{"className":37,"code":67849,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,67851,67852,67884],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67853,67854,67856,67858,67860,67862,67864,67866,67868,67870,67872,67874,67876,67878,67880,67882],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67855,228],{"class":50},[44,67857,55],{"class":54},[44,67859,2993],{"class":58},[44,67861,236],{"class":235},[44,67863,240],{"class":239},[44,67865,236],{"class":235},[44,67867,66],{"class":58},[44,67869,247],{"class":235},[44,67871,250],{"class":239},[44,67873,236],{"class":235},[44,67875,66],{"class":58},[44,67877,247],{"class":235},[44,67879,259],{"class":239},[44,67881,236],{"class":235},[44,67883,3006],{"class":58},[44,67885,67886,67888,67890,67892,67894,67896],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,67887,100],{"class":99},[44,67889,103],{"class":58},[44,67891,10529],{"class":99},[44,67893,103],{"class":58},[44,67895,274],{"class":89},[44,67897,993],{"class":58},[131,67899,67901],{"id":67900},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,67903,67904,67905,86],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,67906,1490],{},[35,67908,67910],{"className":37,"code":67909,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,67911,67912,67920],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67913,67914,67916,67918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67915,362],{"class":50},[44,67917,55],{"class":54},[44,67919,7211],{"class":58},[44,67921,67922,67924,67926,67928,67930,67932],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,67923,100],{"class":99},[44,67925,103],{"class":58},[44,67927,10529],{"class":99},[44,67929,103],{"class":58},[44,67931,397],{"class":89},[44,67933,993],{"class":58},[20,67935,111],{},[35,67937,67938],{"className":37,"code":46611,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67939,67940],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67941,67942],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67943,46611],{"class":62},[20,67945,67946],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[35,67948,67950],{"className":37,"code":67949,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,67951,67952,67960,67964,67982,67996,68002],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67953,67954,67956,67958],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67955,362],{"class":50},[44,67957,55],{"class":54},[44,67959,7211],{"class":58},[44,67961,67962],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,67963,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,67965,67966,67968,67970,67972,67974,67976,67978,67980],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,67967,6369],{"class":3245},[44,67969,37741],{"class":99},[44,67971,103],{"class":58},[44,67973,397],{"class":89},[44,67975,3032],{"class":58},[44,67977,37751],{"class":54},[44,67979,3202],{"class":62},[44,67981,5764],{"class":58},[44,67983,67984,67986,67988,67990,67992,67994],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,67985,7442],{"class":99},[44,67987,103],{"class":58},[44,67989,397],{"class":89},[44,67991,3270],{"class":58},[44,67993,1490],{"class":62},[44,67995,3258],{"class":58},[44,67997,67998,68000],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,67999,26782],{"class":3245},[44,68001,5764],{"class":58},[44,68003,68004,68006,68008,68010,68012,68014],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,68005,7442],{"class":99},[44,68007,103],{"class":58},[44,68009,236],{"class":235},[44,68011,51177],{"class":239},[44,68013,236],{"class":235},[44,68015,108],{"class":58},[20,68017,111],{},[35,68019,68021],{"className":37,"code":68020,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The list is empty\n",[15,68022,68023],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68024,68025,68027,68029,68031],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68026,140],{"class":50},[44,68028,7467],{"class":121},[44,68030,7470],{"class":54},[44,68032,7476],{"class":50},[20,68034,68035,68036,68038],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[167,68037,52133],{"href":50340}," is a good next step.",[131,68040,68042],{"id":68041},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68044,68045,68047,68048,68051],{},[15,68046,41718],{}," counts only the ",[30,68049,68050],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68053,68054],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[35,68056,68058],{"className":37,"code":68057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68059,68060,68096],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68061,68062,68064,68066,68068,68070,68072,68074,68076,68078,68080,68082,68084,68086,68088,68090,68092,68094],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68063,8536],{"class":50},[44,68065,55],{"class":54},[44,68067,55653],{"class":58},[44,68069,63],{"class":62},[44,68071,66],{"class":58},[44,68073,69],{"class":62},[44,68075,17409],{"class":58},[44,68077,2993],{"class":58},[44,68079,1432],{"class":62},[44,68081,66],{"class":58},[44,68083,1827],{"class":62},[44,68085,17409],{"class":58},[44,68087,2993],{"class":58},[44,68089,1507],{"class":62},[44,68091,66],{"class":58},[44,68093,36998],{"class":62},[44,68095,52604],{"class":58},[44,68097,68098,68100,68102,68104,68106,68108],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,68099,100],{"class":99},[44,68101,103],{"class":58},[44,68103,10529],{"class":99},[44,68105,103],{"class":58},[44,68107,8575],{"class":89},[44,68109,993],{"class":58},[20,68111,111],{},[35,68113,68114],{"className":37,"code":45976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68115,68116],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68117,68118],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68119,45976],{"class":62},[20,68121,68122],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68124,51441],{},[35,68126,68128],{"className":37,"code":68127,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68129,68130,68156],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68131,68132,68134,68136,68138,68140,68142,68144,68146,68148,68150,68152,68154],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68133,58833],{"class":50},[44,68135,55],{"class":54},[44,68137,2993],{"class":58},[44,68139,63],{"class":62},[44,68141,66],{"class":58},[44,68143,2993],{"class":58},[44,68145,1426],{"class":62},[44,68147,66],{"class":58},[44,68149,74],{"class":62},[44,68151,17409],{"class":58},[44,68153,1827],{"class":62},[44,68155,3006],{"class":58},[44,68157,68158,68160,68162,68164,68166,68168],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,68159,100],{"class":99},[44,68161,103],{"class":58},[44,68163,10529],{"class":99},[44,68165,103],{"class":58},[44,68167,58886],{"class":89},[44,68169,993],{"class":58},[20,68171,111],{},[35,68173,68174],{"className":37,"code":45976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68175,68176],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68177,68178],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68179,45976],{"class":62},[20,68181,20325,68182,68185],{},[15,68183,68184],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[131,68187,784],{"id":783},[347,68189,350,68191,10459,68194],{"id":68190},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68192,68193],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68195,67639],{},[20,68197,68198],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68200,798],{},[35,68202,68204],{"className":37,"code":68203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68205,68206,68226],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68207,68208,68210,68212,68214,68216,68218,68220,68222,68224],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68209,51],{"class":50},[44,68211,55],{"class":54},[44,68213,2993],{"class":58},[44,68215,1701],{"class":62},[44,68217,66],{"class":58},[44,68219,7163],{"class":62},[44,68221,66],{"class":58},[44,68223,7168],{"class":62},[44,68225,3006],{"class":58},[44,68227,68228,68230,68232,68234,68236,68238],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,68229,100],{"class":99},[44,68231,103],{"class":58},[44,68233,83],{"class":89},[44,68235,86],{"class":58},[44,68237,10529],{"class":89},[44,68239,6566],{"class":58},[20,68241,862],{},[35,68243,68245],{"className":37,"code":68244,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68246,68247,68267],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68248,68249,68251,68253,68255,68257,68259,68261,68263,68265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68250,51],{"class":50},[44,68252,55],{"class":54},[44,68254,2993],{"class":58},[44,68256,1701],{"class":62},[44,68258,66],{"class":58},[44,68260,7163],{"class":62},[44,68262,66],{"class":58},[44,68264,7168],{"class":62},[44,68266,3006],{"class":58},[44,68268,68269,68271,68273,68275,68277,68279],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,68270,100],{"class":99},[44,68272,103],{"class":58},[44,68274,10529],{"class":99},[44,68276,103],{"class":58},[44,68278,83],{"class":89},[44,68280,993],{"class":58},[20,68282,68283,68285],{},[15,68284,41718],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[347,68287,25036],{"id":25035},[20,68289,798],{},[35,68291,68293],{"className":37,"code":68292,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68294,68295,68315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68296,68297,68299,68301,68303,68305,68307,68309,68311,68313],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68298,51],{"class":50},[44,68300,55],{"class":54},[44,68302,2993],{"class":58},[44,68304,1701],{"class":62},[44,68306,66],{"class":58},[44,68308,7163],{"class":62},[44,68310,66],{"class":58},[44,68312,7168],{"class":62},[44,68314,3006],{"class":58},[44,68316,68317,68319,68321,68323],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,68318,100],{"class":99},[44,68320,103],{"class":58},[44,68322,10529],{"class":99},[44,68324,108],{"class":58},[20,68326,68327],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68329,862],{},[35,68331,68332],{"className":37,"code":68244,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68333,68334,68354],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68335,68336,68338,68340,68342,68344,68346,68348,68350,68352],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68337,51],{"class":50},[44,68339,55],{"class":54},[44,68341,2993],{"class":58},[44,68343,1701],{"class":62},[44,68345,66],{"class":58},[44,68347,7163],{"class":62},[44,68349,66],{"class":58},[44,68351,7168],{"class":62},[44,68353,3006],{"class":58},[44,68355,68356,68358,68360,68362,68364,68366],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,68357,100],{"class":99},[44,68359,103],{"class":58},[44,68361,10529],{"class":99},[44,68363,103],{"class":58},[44,68365,83],{"class":89},[44,68367,993],{"class":58},[347,68369,68371],{"id":68370},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68373,68374,68375,68377],{},"The length of a list is ",[30,68376,604],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68379,1578],{},[35,68381,68383],{"className":37,"code":68382,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68384,68385,68417],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68386,68387,68389,68391,68393,68395,68397,68399,68401,68403,68405,68407,68409,68411,68413,68415],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68388,35444],{"class":50},[44,68390,55],{"class":54},[44,68392,2993],{"class":58},[44,68394,236],{"class":235},[44,68396,167],{"class":239},[44,68398,236],{"class":235},[44,68400,66],{"class":58},[44,68402,247],{"class":235},[44,68404,1164],{"class":239},[44,68406,236],{"class":235},[44,68408,66],{"class":58},[44,68410,247],{"class":235},[44,68412,9109],{"class":239},[44,68414,236],{"class":235},[44,68416,3006],{"class":58},[44,68418,68419,68421,68423,68425,68427,68429],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,68420,100],{"class":99},[44,68422,103],{"class":58},[44,68424,10529],{"class":99},[44,68426,103],{"class":58},[44,68428,35497],{"class":89},[44,68430,993],{"class":58},[20,68432,111],{},[35,68434,68435],{"className":37,"code":45976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68436,68437],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68438,68439],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68440,45976],{"class":62},[20,68442,68443,68444,18311,68446,86],{},"But the last index is ",[15,68445,1426],{},[15,68447,1432],{},[20,68449,68450],{},"Indexes are:",[145,68452,68453,68460,68466],{},[148,68454,68455,68457,68458],{},[15,68456,1490],{}," for ",[15,68459,17443],{},[148,68461,68462,68457,68464],{},[15,68463,63],{},[15,68465,64957],{},[148,68467,68468,68457,68470],{},[15,68469,1426],{},[15,68471,65843],{},[20,68473,68474],{},"So this causes an error:",[35,68476,68478],{"className":37,"code":68477,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,68479,68480,68512],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68481,68482,68484,68486,68488,68490,68492,68494,68496,68498,68500,68502,68504,68506,68508,68510],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68483,35444],{"class":50},[44,68485,55],{"class":54},[44,68487,2993],{"class":58},[44,68489,236],{"class":235},[44,68491,167],{"class":239},[44,68493,236],{"class":235},[44,68495,66],{"class":58},[44,68497,247],{"class":235},[44,68499,1164],{"class":239},[44,68501,236],{"class":235},[44,68503,66],{"class":58},[44,68505,247],{"class":235},[44,68507,9109],{"class":239},[44,68509,236],{"class":235},[44,68511,3006],{"class":58},[44,68513,68514,68516,68518,68520,68522,68524,68526,68528],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,68515,100],{"class":99},[44,68517,103],{"class":58},[44,68519,35497],{"class":89},[44,68521,3270],{"class":58},[44,68523,10529],{"class":99},[44,68525,103],{"class":58},[44,68527,35497],{"class":89},[44,68529,10047],{"class":58},[20,68531,7869,68532,4153,68535,68537,68538,68540],{},[15,68533,68534],{},"len(letters)",[15,68536,1432],{},", and index ",[15,68539,1432],{}," does not exist.",[20,68542,18188],{},[35,68544,68546],{"className":37,"code":68545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,68547,68548,68580],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68549,68550,68552,68554,68556,68558,68560,68562,68564,68566,68568,68570,68572,68574,68576,68578],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68551,35444],{"class":50},[44,68553,55],{"class":54},[44,68555,2993],{"class":58},[44,68557,236],{"class":235},[44,68559,167],{"class":239},[44,68561,236],{"class":235},[44,68563,66],{"class":58},[44,68565,247],{"class":235},[44,68567,1164],{"class":239},[44,68569,236],{"class":235},[44,68571,66],{"class":58},[44,68573,247],{"class":235},[44,68575,9109],{"class":239},[44,68577,236],{"class":235},[44,68579,3006],{"class":58},[44,68581,68582,68584,68586,68588,68590,68592,68594,68596,68598,68600,68602],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,68583,100],{"class":99},[44,68585,103],{"class":58},[44,68587,35497],{"class":89},[44,68589,3270],{"class":58},[44,68591,10529],{"class":99},[44,68593,103],{"class":58},[44,68595,35497],{"class":89},[44,68597,3032],{"class":58},[44,68599,1593],{"class":54},[44,68601,4867],{"class":62},[44,68603,3258],{"class":58},[20,68605,111],{},[35,68607,68609],{"className":37,"code":68608,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"c\n",[15,68610,68611],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68612,68613],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68614,68608],{"class":50},[20,68616,68617,68618,86],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[167,68619,68621],{"href":68620},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[347,68623,350,68625,68627],{"id":68624},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,68626,41718],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,68629,68630],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,68632,68633],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[35,68635,68637],{"className":37,"code":68636,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,68638,68639,68649,68663,68677],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68640,68641,68643,68645,68647],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68642,100],{"class":99},[44,68644,103],{"class":58},[44,68646,7713],{"class":89},[44,68648,108],{"class":58},[44,68650,68651,68653,68655,68657,68659,68661],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,68652,100],{"class":99},[44,68654,103],{"class":58},[44,68656,10529],{"class":99},[44,68658,103],{"class":58},[44,68660,7713],{"class":89},[44,68662,993],{"class":58},[44,68664,68665,68667,68669,68671,68673,68675],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,68666,100],{"class":99},[44,68668,103],{"class":58},[44,68670,985],{"class":121},[44,68672,103],{"class":58},[44,68674,7713],{"class":89},[44,68676,993],{"class":58},[44,68678,68679,68681,68683,68685,68687,68689],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,68680,100],{"class":99},[44,68682,103],{"class":58},[44,68684,7713],{"class":89},[44,68686,3270],{"class":58},[44,68688,1490],{"class":62},[44,68690,3258],{"class":58},[20,68692,68693],{},"These help you verify:",[145,68695,68696,68699,68701,68704],{},[148,68697,68698],{},"what the variable contains",[148,68700,60145],{},[148,68702,68703],{},"whether it is really a list",[148,68705,68706],{},"what the first item is",[20,68708,68709,68710,68713],{},"Be careful with ",[15,68711,68712],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[131,68715,4331,68717,68719],{"id":68716},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,68718,41718],{}," with lists",[20,68721,68722,68723,68725],{},"You will often use ",[15,68724,41718],{}," in real programs.",[20,68727,8743],{},[145,68729,68730,68732,68735,68738],{},[148,68731,51131],{},[148,68733,68734],{},"Control loops",[148,68736,68737],{},"Validate input or results",[148,68739,68740],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,68742,68743],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[35,68745,68747],{"className":37,"code":68746,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,68748,68749,68769,68785,68789,68803,68817],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68750,68751,68753,68755,68757,68759,68761,68763,68765,68767],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68752,1095],{"class":50},[44,68754,55],{"class":54},[44,68756,2993],{"class":58},[44,68758,63],{"class":62},[44,68760,66],{"class":58},[44,68762,69],{"class":62},[44,68764,66],{"class":58},[44,68766,74],{"class":62},[44,68768,3006],{"class":58},[44,68770,68771,68773,68775,68777,68779,68781,68783],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,68772,1122],{"class":50},[44,68774,55],{"class":54},[44,68776,2993],{"class":58},[44,68778,1701],{"class":62},[44,68780,66],{"class":58},[44,68782,7163],{"class":62},[44,68784,3006],{"class":58},[44,68786,68787],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,68788,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,68790,68791,68793,68795,68797,68799,68801],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,68792,100],{"class":99},[44,68794,103],{"class":58},[44,68796,10529],{"class":99},[44,68798,103],{"class":58},[44,68800,167],{"class":89},[44,68802,993],{"class":58},[44,68804,68805,68807,68809,68811,68813,68815],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,68806,100],{"class":99},[44,68808,103],{"class":58},[44,68810,10529],{"class":99},[44,68812,103],{"class":58},[44,68814,1164],{"class":89},[44,68816,993],{"class":58},[44,68818,68819,68821,68823,68825,68827,68829,68831,68833,68835,68837,68839],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,68820,100],{"class":99},[44,68822,103],{"class":58},[44,68824,10529],{"class":99},[44,68826,103],{"class":58},[44,68828,167],{"class":89},[44,68830,3032],{"class":58},[44,68832,37751],{"class":54},[44,68834,37741],{"class":99},[44,68836,103],{"class":58},[44,68838,1164],{"class":89},[44,68840,993],{"class":58},[20,68842,111],{},[35,68844,68846],{"className":37,"code":68845,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,68847,68848,68852,68856],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68849,68850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68851,45976],{"class":62},[44,68853,68854],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,68855,16406],{"class":62},[44,68857,68858],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,68859,3350],{"class":692},[20,68861,68862],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[35,68864,68866],{"className":37,"code":68865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,68867,68868,68900,68904,68926],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68869,68870,68872,68874,68876,68878,68880,68882,68884,68886,68888,68890,68892,68894,68896,68898],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68871,4365],{"class":50},[44,68873,55],{"class":54},[44,68875,2993],{"class":58},[44,68877,236],{"class":235},[44,68879,12237],{"class":239},[44,68881,236],{"class":235},[44,68883,66],{"class":58},[44,68885,247],{"class":235},[44,68887,35294],{"class":239},[44,68889,236],{"class":235},[44,68891,66],{"class":58},[44,68893,247],{"class":235},[44,68895,35303],{"class":239},[44,68897,236],{"class":235},[44,68899,3006],{"class":58},[44,68901,68902],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,68903,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,68905,68906,68908,68911,68913,68915,68917,68919,68921,68923],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,68907,5328],{"class":3245},[44,68909,68910],{"class":50}," i ",[44,68912,3252],{"class":3245},[44,68914,53432],{"class":99},[44,68916,103],{"class":58},[44,68918,10529],{"class":99},[44,68920,103],{"class":58},[44,68922,4409],{"class":89},[44,68924,68925],{"class":58},")):\n",[44,68927,68928,68930,68932,68934,68936,68939,68941,68943],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,68929,7442],{"class":99},[44,68931,103],{"class":58},[44,68933,35508],{"class":89},[44,68935,66],{"class":58},[44,68937,68938],{"class":89}," names",[44,68940,3270],{"class":58},[44,68942,35508],{"class":89},[44,68944,3258],{"class":58},[20,68946,111],{},[35,68948,68949],{"className":37,"code":35352,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68950,68951,68957,68963],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68952,68953,68955],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68954,1490],{"class":62},[44,68956,35361],{"class":50},[44,68958,68959,68961],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,68960,63],{"class":62},[44,68962,35368],{"class":50},[44,68964,68965,68967],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,68966,1426],{"class":62},[44,68968,35375],{"class":50},[20,68970,68971,68972,86],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[167,68973,68975],{"href":68974},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,68977,68978,68979,68981],{},"You can also read ",[167,68980,50908],{"href":50907}," for a task-focused guide.",[131,68983,1196],{"id":1195},[347,68985,68987],{"id":68986},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,68989,1462,68990,68993],{},[15,68991,68992],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[347,68995,1200,68997,12073],{"id":68996},"what-does-len-return",[15,68998,68999],{},"len([])",[20,69001,608,69002,69004],{},[15,69003,1490],{}," because the list is empty.",[347,69006,69008],{"id":69007},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69010,69011],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[347,69013,27677,69015,69017],{"id":69014},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69016,68193],{}," in Python?",[20,69019,29619,69020,7596,69022,69024],{},[15,69021,67639],{},[15,69023,41718],{}," is a built-in function.",[131,69026,1251],{"id":1250},[145,69028,69029,69035,69039,69043,69047],{},[148,69030,69031],{},[167,69032,2945,69033,2878],{"href":41715},[15,69034,41718],{},[148,69036,69037],{},[167,69038,51952],{"href":50907},[148,69040,69041],{},[167,69042,52133],{"href":50340},[148,69044,69045],{},[167,69046,68621],{"href":68620},[148,69048,69049],{},[167,69050,69051],{"href":68974},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1294,69053,69054],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":69056},[69057,69058,69060,69061,69062,69063,69071,69073,69081],{"id":14515,"depth":80,"text":14516},{"id":67631,"depth":80,"text":69059},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5156,"depth":80,"text":5157},{"id":67900,"depth":80,"text":67901},{"id":68041,"depth":80,"text":68042},{"id":783,"depth":80,"text":784,"children":69064},[69065,69067,69068,69069],{"id":68190,"depth":96,"text":69066},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25035,"depth":96,"text":25036},{"id":68370,"depth":96,"text":68371},{"id":68624,"depth":96,"text":69070},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":68716,"depth":80,"text":69072},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":69074},[69075,69076,69078,69079],{"id":68986,"depth":96,"text":68987},{"id":68996,"depth":96,"text":69077},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69007,"depth":96,"text":69008},{"id":69014,"depth":96,"text":69080},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67526,"description":69082},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69088,"title":69089,"body":69090,"description":71071,"extension":1331,"meta":71072,"navigation":268,"path":71073,"seo":71074,"stem":71075,"__hash__":71076},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69091,"toc":71044},[69092,69095,69100,69103,69111,69124,69126,69191,69193,69215,69220,69224,69229,69237,69239,69249,69251,69332,69334,69364,69366,69385,69390,69407,69409,69493,69495,69525,69530,69534,69540,69624,69626,69656,69659,69663,69666,69757,69759,69797,69800,69885,69887,69917,69923,69930,69934,69939,69948,69950,70035,70037,70066,70069,70077,70081,70085,70094,70117,70119,70141,70143,70157,70159,70219,70223,70228,70267,70269,70286,70288,70298,70397,70402,70406,70411,70454,70456,70484,70486,70500,70575,70577,70599,70603,70606,70611,70622,70627,70635,70638,70709,70711,70736,70793,70795,70816,70825,70833,70838,70840,70845,70866,70869,70944,70947,70961,70967,70969,70973,70979,70983,70993,70997,71004,71008,71014,71016,71041],[10,69093,69089],{"id":69094},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69096,69097,69099],{},[15,69098,54442],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69101,69102],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[145,69104,69105,69108],{},[148,69106,69107],{},"delete an item from a list",[148,69109,69110],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69112,69113,69114,69116,69117,8078,69119,69123],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69115,951],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69118,951],{},[167,69120,69121],{"href":54432},[15,69122,944],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[131,69125,1372],{"id":1371},[35,69127,69129],{"className":37,"code":69128,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69130,69131,69151,69166,69170,69181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69132,69133,69135,69137,69139,69141,69143,69145,69147,69149],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69134,51],{"class":50},[44,69136,55],{"class":54},[44,69138,2993],{"class":58},[44,69140,1701],{"class":62},[44,69142,66],{"class":58},[44,69144,7163],{"class":62},[44,69146,66],{"class":58},[44,69148,7168],{"class":62},[44,69150,3006],{"class":58},[44,69152,69153,69156,69158,69160,69162,69164],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,69154,69155],{"class":50},"last_item ",[44,69157,55],{"class":54},[44,69159,649],{"class":50},[44,69161,86],{"class":58},[44,69163,25589],{"class":89},[44,69165,93],{"class":58},[44,69167,69168],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,69169,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,69171,69172,69174,69176,69179],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,69173,100],{"class":99},[44,69175,103],{"class":58},[44,69177,69178],{"class":89},"last_item",[44,69180,108],{"class":58},[44,69182,69183,69185,69187,69189],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,69184,100],{"class":99},[44,69186,103],{"class":58},[44,69188,83],{"class":89},[44,69190,108],{"class":58},[20,69192,111],{},[35,69194,69196],{"className":37,"code":69195,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69197,69198,69203],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69199,69200],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69201,69202],{"class":62},"30\n",[44,69204,69205,69207,69209,69211,69213],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,69206,3270],{"class":58},[44,69208,1701],{"class":62},[44,69210,66],{"class":58},[44,69212,7163],{"class":62},[44,69214,3006],{"class":58},[20,69216,1462,69217,69219],{},[15,69218,951],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[131,69221,69223],{"id":69222},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69225,69226,69228],{},[15,69227,951],{}," has two main jobs:",[145,69230,69231,69234],{},[148,69232,69233],{},"It removes one item from a list",[148,69235,69236],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69238,43008],{},[145,69240,69241,69244,69247],{},[148,69242,69243],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[148,69245,69246],{},"It changes the original list",[148,69248,52107],{},[20,69250,1578],{},[35,69252,69254],{"className":37,"code":69253,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69255,69256,69288,69292,69307,69311,69322],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69257,69258,69260,69262,69264,69266,69268,69270,69272,69274,69276,69278,69280,69282,69284,69286],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69259,228],{"class":50},[44,69261,55],{"class":54},[44,69263,2993],{"class":58},[44,69265,236],{"class":235},[44,69267,240],{"class":239},[44,69269,236],{"class":235},[44,69271,66],{"class":58},[44,69273,247],{"class":235},[44,69275,250],{"class":239},[44,69277,236],{"class":235},[44,69279,66],{"class":58},[44,69281,247],{"class":235},[44,69283,259],{"class":239},[44,69285,236],{"class":235},[44,69287,3006],{"class":58},[44,69289,69290],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,69291,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,69293,69294,69297,69299,69301,69303,69305],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,69295,69296],{"class":50},"removed ",[44,69298,55],{"class":54},[44,69300,12477],{"class":50},[44,69302,86],{"class":58},[44,69304,25589],{"class":89},[44,69306,93],{"class":58},[44,69308,69309],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,69310,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,69312,69313,69315,69317,69320],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,69314,100],{"class":99},[44,69316,103],{"class":58},[44,69318,69319],{"class":89},"removed",[44,69321,108],{"class":58},[44,69323,69324,69326,69328,69330],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,69325,100],{"class":99},[44,69327,103],{"class":58},[44,69329,274],{"class":89},[44,69331,108],{"class":58},[20,69333,111],{},[35,69335,69337],{"className":37,"code":69336,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69338,69339,69344],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69340,69341],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69342,69343],{"class":50},"blue\n",[44,69345,69346,69348,69350,69352,69354,69356,69358,69360,69362],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,69347,3270],{"class":58},[44,69349,1018],{"class":235},[44,69351,240],{"class":239},[44,69353,1018],{"class":235},[44,69355,66],{"class":58},[44,69357,1012],{"class":235},[44,69359,250],{"class":239},[44,69361,1018],{"class":235},[44,69363,3006],{"class":58},[131,69365,175],{"id":174},[35,69367,69369],{"className":37,"code":69368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69370,69371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69372,69373,69375,69377,69379,69381,69383],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69374,7467],{"class":121},[44,69376,86],{"class":58},[44,69378,25589],{"class":89},[44,69380,2357],{"class":58},[44,69382,35199],{"class":89},[44,69384,3258],{"class":58},[20,69386,140,69387,69389],{},[15,69388,35199],{}," is optional.",[145,69391,69392,69398,69404],{},[148,69393,69394,69395,69397],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69396,951],{}," removes the last item",[148,69399,69400,69401,69403],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69402,951],{}," removes the item at that position",[148,69405,69406],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69408,1578],{},[35,69410,69412],{"className":37,"code":69411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69413,69414,69446,69450,69469,69473,69483],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69415,69416,69418,69420,69422,69424,69426,69428,69430,69432,69434,69436,69438,69440,69442,69444],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69417,35444],{"class":50},[44,69419,55],{"class":54},[44,69421,2993],{"class":58},[44,69423,236],{"class":235},[44,69425,167],{"class":239},[44,69427,236],{"class":235},[44,69429,66],{"class":58},[44,69431,247],{"class":235},[44,69433,1164],{"class":239},[44,69435,236],{"class":235},[44,69437,66],{"class":58},[44,69439,247],{"class":235},[44,69441,9109],{"class":239},[44,69443,236],{"class":235},[44,69445,3006],{"class":58},[44,69447,69448],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,69449,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,69451,69452,69454,69456,69459,69461,69463,69465,69467],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,69453,27887],{"class":50},[44,69455,55],{"class":54},[44,69457,69458],{"class":50}," letters",[44,69460,86],{"class":58},[44,69462,25589],{"class":89},[44,69464,103],{"class":58},[44,69466,63],{"class":62},[44,69468,108],{"class":58},[44,69470,69471],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,69472,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,69474,69475,69477,69479,69481],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,69476,100],{"class":99},[44,69478,103],{"class":58},[44,69480,22658],{"class":89},[44,69482,108],{"class":58},[44,69484,69485,69487,69489,69491],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,69486,100],{"class":99},[44,69488,103],{"class":58},[44,69490,35497],{"class":89},[44,69492,108],{"class":58},[20,69494,111],{},[35,69496,69498],{"className":37,"code":69497,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,69499,69500,69505],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69501,69502],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69503,69504],{"class":50},"b\n",[44,69506,69507,69509,69511,69513,69515,69517,69519,69521,69523],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,69508,3270],{"class":58},[44,69510,1018],{"class":235},[44,69512,167],{"class":239},[44,69514,1018],{"class":235},[44,69516,66],{"class":58},[44,69518,1012],{"class":235},[44,69520,9109],{"class":239},[44,69522,1018],{"class":235},[44,69524,3006],{"class":58},[20,69526,69527,69528,86],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[167,69529,52133],{"href":50340},[131,69531,69533],{"id":69532},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,69535,69536,69537,69539],{},"When you call ",[15,69538,951],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[35,69541,69543],{"className":37,"code":69542,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,69544,69545,69580,69584,69599,69603,69614],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69546,69547,69549,69551,69553,69555,69558,69560,69562,69564,69567,69569,69571,69573,69576,69578],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69548,29246],{"class":50},[44,69550,55],{"class":54},[44,69552,2993],{"class":58},[44,69554,236],{"class":235},[44,69556,69557],{"class":239},"write",[44,69559,236],{"class":235},[44,69561,66],{"class":58},[44,69563,247],{"class":235},[44,69565,69566],{"class":239},"test",[44,69568,236],{"class":235},[44,69570,66],{"class":58},[44,69572,247],{"class":235},[44,69574,69575],{"class":239},"submit",[44,69577,236],{"class":235},[44,69579,3006],{"class":58},[44,69581,69582],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,69583,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,69585,69586,69589,69591,69593,69595,69597],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,69587,69588],{"class":50},"last_task ",[44,69590,55],{"class":54},[44,69592,29324],{"class":50},[44,69594,86],{"class":58},[44,69596,25589],{"class":89},[44,69598,93],{"class":58},[44,69600,69601],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,69602,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,69604,69605,69607,69609,69612],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,69606,100],{"class":99},[44,69608,103],{"class":58},[44,69610,69611],{"class":89},"last_task",[44,69613,108],{"class":58},[44,69615,69616,69618,69620,69622],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,69617,100],{"class":99},[44,69619,103],{"class":58},[44,69621,35859],{"class":89},[44,69623,108],{"class":58},[20,69625,111],{},[35,69627,69629],{"className":37,"code":69628,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,69630,69631,69636],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69632,69633],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69634,69635],{"class":50},"submit\n",[44,69637,69638,69640,69642,69644,69646,69648,69650,69652,69654],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,69639,3270],{"class":58},[44,69641,1018],{"class":235},[44,69643,69557],{"class":239},[44,69645,1018],{"class":235},[44,69647,66],{"class":58},[44,69649,1012],{"class":235},[44,69651,69566],{"class":239},[44,69653,1018],{"class":235},[44,69655,3006],{"class":58},[20,69657,69658],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[131,69660,69662],{"id":69661},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,69664,69665],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[35,69667,69669],{"className":37,"code":69668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,69670,69671,69711,69715,69733,69737,69747],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69672,69673,69675,69677,69679,69681,69683,69685,69687,69689,69691,69693,69695,69697,69699,69701,69703,69705,69707,69709],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69674,35592],{"class":50},[44,69676,55],{"class":54},[44,69678,2993],{"class":58},[44,69680,236],{"class":235},[44,69682,3450],{"class":239},[44,69684,236],{"class":235},[44,69686,66],{"class":58},[44,69688,247],{"class":235},[44,69690,3459],{"class":239},[44,69692,236],{"class":235},[44,69694,66],{"class":58},[44,69696,247],{"class":235},[44,69698,3468],{"class":239},[44,69700,236],{"class":235},[44,69702,66],{"class":58},[44,69704,247],{"class":235},[44,69706,32571],{"class":239},[44,69708,236],{"class":235},[44,69710,3006],{"class":58},[44,69712,69713],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,69714,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,69716,69717,69719,69721,69723,69725,69727,69729,69731],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,69718,69296],{"class":50},[44,69720,55],{"class":54},[44,69722,52213],{"class":50},[44,69724,86],{"class":58},[44,69726,25589],{"class":89},[44,69728,103],{"class":58},[44,69730,63],{"class":62},[44,69732,108],{"class":58},[44,69734,69735],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,69736,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,69738,69739,69741,69743,69745],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,69740,100],{"class":99},[44,69742,103],{"class":58},[44,69744,69319],{"class":89},[44,69746,108],{"class":58},[44,69748,69749,69751,69753,69755],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,69750,100],{"class":99},[44,69752,103],{"class":58},[44,69754,35644],{"class":89},[44,69756,108],{"class":58},[20,69758,111],{},[35,69760,69762],{"className":37,"code":69761,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,69763,69764,69769],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69765,69766],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69767,69768],{"class":50},"banana\n",[44,69770,69771,69773,69775,69777,69779,69781,69783,69785,69787,69789,69791,69793,69795],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,69772,3270],{"class":58},[44,69774,1018],{"class":235},[44,69776,3450],{"class":239},[44,69778,1018],{"class":235},[44,69780,66],{"class":58},[44,69782,1012],{"class":235},[44,69784,3468],{"class":239},[44,69786,1018],{"class":235},[44,69788,66],{"class":58},[44,69790,1012],{"class":235},[44,69792,32571],{"class":239},[44,69794,1018],{"class":235},[44,69796,3006],{"class":58},[20,69798,69799],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[35,69801,69803],{"className":37,"code":69802,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,69804,69805,69837,69841,69861,69865,69875],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69806,69807,69809,69811,69813,69815,69817,69819,69821,69823,69825,69827,69829,69831,69833,69835],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69808,35592],{"class":50},[44,69810,55],{"class":54},[44,69812,2993],{"class":58},[44,69814,236],{"class":235},[44,69816,3450],{"class":239},[44,69818,236],{"class":235},[44,69820,66],{"class":58},[44,69822,247],{"class":235},[44,69824,3459],{"class":239},[44,69826,236],{"class":235},[44,69828,66],{"class":58},[44,69830,247],{"class":235},[44,69832,3468],{"class":239},[44,69834,236],{"class":235},[44,69836,3006],{"class":58},[44,69838,69839],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,69840,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,69842,69843,69845,69847,69849,69851,69853,69855,69857,69859],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,69844,69296],{"class":50},[44,69846,55],{"class":54},[44,69848,52213],{"class":50},[44,69850,86],{"class":58},[44,69852,25589],{"class":89},[44,69854,103],{"class":58},[44,69856,1391],{"class":54},[44,69858,63],{"class":62},[44,69860,108],{"class":58},[44,69862,69863],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,69864,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,69866,69867,69869,69871,69873],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,69868,100],{"class":99},[44,69870,103],{"class":58},[44,69872,69319],{"class":89},[44,69874,108],{"class":58},[44,69876,69877,69879,69881,69883],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,69878,100],{"class":99},[44,69880,103],{"class":58},[44,69882,35644],{"class":89},[44,69884,108],{"class":58},[20,69886,111],{},[35,69888,69890],{"className":37,"code":69889,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,69891,69892,69897],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69893,69894],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69895,69896],{"class":50},"cherry\n",[44,69898,69899,69901,69903,69905,69907,69909,69911,69913,69915],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,69900,3270],{"class":58},[44,69902,1018],{"class":235},[44,69904,3450],{"class":239},[44,69906,1018],{"class":235},[44,69908,66],{"class":58},[44,69910,1012],{"class":235},[44,69912,3459],{"class":239},[44,69914,1018],{"class":235},[44,69916,3006],{"class":58},[20,69918,69919,69920,69922],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,69921,65216],{}," means the last item.",[20,69924,69925,69926,86],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[167,69927,69928,1272],{"href":58325},[15,69929,64227],{},[131,69931,69933],{"id":69932},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,69935,69936,69938],{},[15,69937,951],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,69940,69941,69942,342,69944,86],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,69943,951],{},[167,69945,69946],{"href":54432},[15,69947,944],{},[20,69949,1578],{},[35,69951,69953],{"className":37,"code":69952,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,69954,69955,69987,69991,70010,70014,70025],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69956,69957,69959,69961,69963,69965,69967,69969,69971,69973,69975,69977,69979,69981,69983,69985],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69958,4365],{"class":50},[44,69960,55],{"class":54},[44,69962,2993],{"class":58},[44,69964,236],{"class":235},[44,69966,12237],{"class":239},[44,69968,236],{"class":235},[44,69970,66],{"class":58},[44,69972,247],{"class":235},[44,69974,35294],{"class":239},[44,69976,236],{"class":235},[44,69978,66],{"class":58},[44,69980,247],{"class":235},[44,69982,35303],{"class":239},[44,69984,236],{"class":235},[44,69986,3006],{"class":58},[44,69988,69989],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,69990,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,69992,69993,69996,69998,70000,70002,70004,70006,70008],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,69994,69995],{"class":50},"removed_name ",[44,69997,55],{"class":54},[44,69999,68938],{"class":50},[44,70001,86],{"class":58},[44,70003,25589],{"class":89},[44,70005,103],{"class":58},[44,70007,1490],{"class":62},[44,70009,108],{"class":58},[44,70011,70012],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,70013,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,70015,70016,70018,70020,70023],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,70017,100],{"class":99},[44,70019,103],{"class":58},[44,70021,70022],{"class":89},"removed_name",[44,70024,108],{"class":58},[44,70026,70027,70029,70031,70033],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,70028,100],{"class":99},[44,70030,103],{"class":58},[44,70032,4409],{"class":89},[44,70034,108],{"class":58},[20,70036,111],{},[35,70038,70040],{"className":37,"code":70039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70041,70042,70046],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70043,70044],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70045,49400],{"class":50},[44,70047,70048,70050,70052,70054,70056,70058,70060,70062,70064],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,70049,3270],{"class":58},[44,70051,1018],{"class":235},[44,70053,35294],{"class":239},[44,70055,1018],{"class":235},[44,70057,66],{"class":58},[44,70059,1012],{"class":235},[44,70061,35303],{"class":239},[44,70063,1018],{"class":235},[44,70065,3006],{"class":58},[20,70067,70068],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70070,70071,70072,70074,70075,86],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70073,944],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70076,159],{},[131,70078,70080],{"id":70079},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[347,70082,70084],{"id":70083},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70086,70087,70088,70090,70091,86],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70089,951],{}," raises an ",[15,70092,70093],{},"IndexError",[35,70095,70097],{"className":37,"code":70096,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70098,70099,70107],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70100,70101,70103,70105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70102,362],{"class":50},[44,70104,55],{"class":54},[44,70106,7211],{"class":58},[44,70108,70109,70111,70113,70115],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,70110,397],{"class":50},[44,70112,86],{"class":58},[44,70114,25589],{"class":89},[44,70116,93],{"class":58},[20,70118,111],{},[35,70120,70122],{"className":37,"code":70121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70123,70124],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70125,70126,70128,70130,70133,70136,70139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70127,70093],{"class":121},[44,70129,2255],{"class":58},[44,70131,70132],{"class":50}," pop ",[44,70134,70135],{"class":3245},"from",[44,70137,70138],{"class":50}," empty ",[44,70140,49246],{"class":121},[20,70142,38617],{},[145,70144,70145,70150],{},[148,70146,70147,70148],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70149,951],{},[148,70151,70152,70153,342,70155],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70154,29152],{},[15,70156,29183],{},[20,70158,1578],{},[35,70160,70162],{"className":37,"code":70161,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70163,70164,70172,70176,70184,70198,70204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70165,70166,70168,70170],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70167,362],{"class":50},[44,70169,55],{"class":54},[44,70171,7211],{"class":58},[44,70173,70174],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,70175,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,70177,70178,70180,70182],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,70179,6369],{"class":3245},[44,70181,5336],{"class":50},[44,70183,5764],{"class":58},[44,70185,70186,70188,70190,70192,70194,70196],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,70187,7442],{"class":99},[44,70189,103],{"class":58},[44,70191,397],{"class":89},[44,70193,86],{"class":58},[44,70195,25589],{"class":89},[44,70197,6566],{"class":58},[44,70199,70200,70202],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,70201,26782],{"class":3245},[44,70203,5764],{"class":58},[44,70205,70206,70208,70210,70212,70215,70217],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,70207,7442],{"class":99},[44,70209,103],{"class":58},[44,70211,236],{"class":235},[44,70213,70214],{"class":239},"The list is empty.",[44,70216,236],{"class":235},[44,70218,108],{"class":58},[347,70220,70222],{"id":70221},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70224,70225,70226,86],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70227,70093],{},[35,70229,70231],{"className":37,"code":70230,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70232,70233,70253],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70234,70235,70237,70239,70241,70243,70245,70247,70249,70251],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70236,51],{"class":50},[44,70238,55],{"class":54},[44,70240,2993],{"class":58},[44,70242,1701],{"class":62},[44,70244,66],{"class":58},[44,70246,7163],{"class":62},[44,70248,66],{"class":58},[44,70250,7168],{"class":62},[44,70252,3006],{"class":58},[44,70254,70255,70257,70259,70261,70263,70265],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,70256,83],{"class":50},[44,70258,86],{"class":58},[44,70260,25589],{"class":89},[44,70262,103],{"class":58},[44,70264,1507],{"class":62},[44,70266,108],{"class":58},[20,70268,111],{},[35,70270,70272],{"className":37,"code":70271,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70273,70274],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70275,70276,70278,70280,70283],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70277,70093],{"class":121},[44,70279,2255],{"class":58},[44,70281,70282],{"class":50}," pop index out of ",[44,70284,70285],{"class":99},"range\n",[20,70287,38617],{},[145,70289,70290,70295],{},[148,70291,70292,70293],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70294,41718],{},[148,70296,70297],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[35,70299,70301],{"className":37,"code":70300,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70302,70303,70323,70332,70336,70358,70376,70382],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70304,70305,70307,70309,70311,70313,70315,70317,70319,70321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70306,51],{"class":50},[44,70308,55],{"class":54},[44,70310,2993],{"class":58},[44,70312,1701],{"class":62},[44,70314,66],{"class":58},[44,70316,7163],{"class":62},[44,70318,66],{"class":58},[44,70320,7168],{"class":62},[44,70322,3006],{"class":58},[44,70324,70325,70328,70330],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,70326,70327],{"class":50},"index ",[44,70329,55],{"class":54},[44,70331,44948],{"class":62},[44,70333,70334],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,70335,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,70337,70338,70340,70342,70345,70348,70350,70352,70354,70356],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,70339,6369],{"class":3245},[44,70341,3202],{"class":62},[44,70343,70344],{"class":54}," \u003C=",[44,70346,70347],{"class":50}," index ",[44,70349,1005],{"class":54},[44,70351,37741],{"class":99},[44,70353,103],{"class":58},[44,70355,83],{"class":89},[44,70357,7716],{"class":58},[44,70359,70360,70362,70364,70366,70368,70370,70372,70374],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,70361,7442],{"class":99},[44,70363,103],{"class":58},[44,70365,83],{"class":89},[44,70367,86],{"class":58},[44,70369,25589],{"class":89},[44,70371,103],{"class":58},[44,70373,35199],{"class":89},[44,70375,993],{"class":58},[44,70377,70378,70380],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,70379,26782],{"class":3245},[44,70381,5764],{"class":58},[44,70383,70384,70386,70388,70390,70393,70395],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,70385,7442],{"class":99},[44,70387,103],{"class":58},[44,70389,236],{"class":235},[44,70391,70392],{"class":239},"Index is out of range.",[44,70394,236],{"class":235},[44,70396,108],{"class":58},[20,70398,70399,70400,86],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[167,70401,68621],{"href":68620},[347,70403,70405],{"id":70404},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70407,70408,70410],{},[15,70409,951],{}," expects an integer index.",[35,70412,70414],{"className":37,"code":70413,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70415,70416,70436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70417,70418,70420,70422,70424,70426,70428,70430,70432,70434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70419,51],{"class":50},[44,70421,55],{"class":54},[44,70423,2993],{"class":58},[44,70425,1701],{"class":62},[44,70427,66],{"class":58},[44,70429,7163],{"class":62},[44,70431,66],{"class":58},[44,70433,7168],{"class":62},[44,70435,3006],{"class":58},[44,70437,70438,70440,70442,70444,70446,70448,70450,70452],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,70439,83],{"class":50},[44,70441,86],{"class":58},[44,70443,25589],{"class":89},[44,70445,103],{"class":58},[44,70447,236],{"class":235},[44,70449,63],{"class":239},[44,70451,236],{"class":235},[44,70453,108],{"class":58},[20,70455,111],{},[35,70457,70459],{"className":37,"code":70458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70460,70461],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70462,70463,70465,70467,70469,70471,70473,70475,70478,70481],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70464,2376],{"class":121},[44,70466,2255],{"class":58},[44,70468,1012],{"class":235},[44,70470,2812],{"class":239},[44,70472,1018],{"class":235},[44,70474,23965],{"class":121},[44,70476,70477],{"class":50}," cannot be interpreted ",[44,70479,70480],{"class":3245},"as",[44,70482,70483],{"class":50}," an integer\n",[20,70485,38617],{},[145,70487,70488,70497],{},[148,70489,70490,70491,1559,70493,1563,70495],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,70492,1490],{},[15,70494,63],{},[15,70496,65216],{},[148,70498,70499],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[35,70501,70503],{"className":37,"code":70502,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70504,70505,70525,70543,70547,70565],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70506,70507,70509,70511,70513,70515,70517,70519,70521,70523],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70508,51],{"class":50},[44,70510,55],{"class":54},[44,70512,2993],{"class":58},[44,70514,1701],{"class":62},[44,70516,66],{"class":58},[44,70518,7163],{"class":62},[44,70520,66],{"class":58},[44,70522,7168],{"class":62},[44,70524,3006],{"class":58},[44,70526,70527,70529,70531,70533,70535,70537,70539,70541],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,70528,70327],{"class":50},[44,70530,55],{"class":54},[44,70532,44635],{"class":121},[44,70534,103],{"class":58},[44,70536,236],{"class":235},[44,70538,63],{"class":239},[44,70540,236],{"class":235},[44,70542,108],{"class":58},[44,70544,70545],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,70546,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,70548,70549,70551,70553,70555,70557,70559,70561,70563],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,70550,100],{"class":99},[44,70552,103],{"class":58},[44,70554,83],{"class":89},[44,70556,86],{"class":58},[44,70558,25589],{"class":89},[44,70560,103],{"class":58},[44,70562,35199],{"class":89},[44,70564,993],{"class":58},[44,70566,70567,70569,70571,70573],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,70568,100],{"class":99},[44,70570,103],{"class":58},[44,70572,83],{"class":89},[44,70574,108],{"class":58},[20,70576,111],{},[35,70578,70580],{"className":37,"code":70579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,70581,70582,70587],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70583,70584],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70585,70586],{"class":62},"20\n",[44,70588,70589,70591,70593,70595,70597],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,70590,3270],{"class":58},[44,70592,1701],{"class":62},[44,70594,66],{"class":58},[44,70596,7168],{"class":62},[44,70598,3006],{"class":58},[131,70600,70602],{"id":70601},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,70604,70605],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[347,70607,1462,70609,9969],{"id":70608},"use-pop-when",[15,70610,951],{},[145,70612,70613,70616,70619],{},[148,70614,70615],{},"you want to remove by index",[148,70617,70618],{},"you want the removed item returned",[148,70620,70621],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[347,70623,1462,70625,9969],{"id":70624},"use-remove-when",[15,70626,944],{},[145,70628,70629,70632],{},[148,70630,70631],{},"you want to remove by value",[148,70633,70634],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,70636,70637],{},"Compare these examples:",[35,70639,70641],{"className":37,"code":70640,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70642,70643,70667,70671,70689,70699],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70644,70645,70647,70649,70651,70653,70655,70657,70659,70661,70663,70665],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70646,51],{"class":50},[44,70648,55],{"class":54},[44,70650,2993],{"class":58},[44,70652,1701],{"class":62},[44,70654,66],{"class":58},[44,70656,7163],{"class":62},[44,70658,66],{"class":58},[44,70660,7168],{"class":62},[44,70662,66],{"class":58},[44,70664,7163],{"class":62},[44,70666,3006],{"class":58},[44,70668,70669],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,70670,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,70672,70673,70675,70677,70679,70681,70683,70685,70687],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,70674,69296],{"class":50},[44,70676,55],{"class":54},[44,70678,649],{"class":50},[44,70680,86],{"class":58},[44,70682,25589],{"class":89},[44,70684,103],{"class":58},[44,70686,63],{"class":62},[44,70688,108],{"class":58},[44,70690,70691,70693,70695,70697],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,70692,100],{"class":99},[44,70694,103],{"class":58},[44,70696,69319],{"class":89},[44,70698,108],{"class":58},[44,70700,70701,70703,70705,70707],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,70702,100],{"class":99},[44,70704,103],{"class":58},[44,70706,83],{"class":89},[44,70708,108],{"class":58},[20,70710,111],{},[35,70712,70714],{"className":37,"code":70713,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,70715,70716,70720],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70717,70718],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70719,70586],{"class":62},[44,70721,70722,70724,70726,70728,70730,70732,70734],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,70723,3270],{"class":58},[44,70725,1701],{"class":62},[44,70727,66],{"class":58},[44,70729,7168],{"class":62},[44,70731,66],{"class":58},[44,70733,7163],{"class":62},[44,70735,3006],{"class":58},[35,70737,70739],{"className":37,"code":70738,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70740,70741,70765,70769,70783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70742,70743,70745,70747,70749,70751,70753,70755,70757,70759,70761,70763],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70744,51],{"class":50},[44,70746,55],{"class":54},[44,70748,2993],{"class":58},[44,70750,1701],{"class":62},[44,70752,66],{"class":58},[44,70754,7163],{"class":62},[44,70756,66],{"class":58},[44,70758,7168],{"class":62},[44,70760,66],{"class":58},[44,70762,7163],{"class":62},[44,70764,3006],{"class":58},[44,70766,70767],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,70768,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,70770,70771,70773,70775,70777,70779,70781],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,70772,83],{"class":50},[44,70774,86],{"class":58},[44,70776,34146],{"class":89},[44,70778,103],{"class":58},[44,70780,15105],{"class":62},[44,70782,108],{"class":58},[44,70784,70785,70787,70789,70791],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,70786,100],{"class":99},[44,70788,103],{"class":58},[44,70790,83],{"class":89},[44,70792,108],{"class":58},[20,70794,111],{},[35,70796,70798],{"className":37,"code":70797,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,70799,70800],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70801,70802,70804,70806,70808,70810,70812,70814],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70803,3270],{"class":58},[44,70805,1701],{"class":62},[44,70807,66],{"class":58},[44,70809,7168],{"class":62},[44,70811,66],{"class":58},[44,70813,7163],{"class":62},[44,70815,3006],{"class":58},[20,70817,70818,70819,70822,70823,86],{},"In the first example, ",[15,70820,70821],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,70824,63],{},[20,70826,55964,70827,70830,70831,86],{},[15,70828,70829],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,70832,15105],{},[20,70834,70835,70836,86],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[167,70837,54428],{"href":54427},[131,70839,2200],{"id":2199},[20,70841,70842,70843,2255],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,70844,951],{},[145,70846,70847,70850,70853,70859,70863],{},[148,70848,70849],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[148,70851,70852],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[148,70854,36558,70855,8078,70857],{},[15,70856,951],{},[15,70858,944],{},[148,70860,923,70861,61333],{},[15,70862,951],{},[148,70864,70865],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,70867,70868],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[35,70870,70872],{"className":37,"code":70871,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,70873,70874,70884,70898,70912,70930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70875,70876,70878,70880,70882],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70877,100],{"class":99},[44,70879,103],{"class":58},[44,70881,7713],{"class":89},[44,70883,108],{"class":58},[44,70885,70886,70888,70890,70892,70894,70896],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,70887,100],{"class":99},[44,70889,103],{"class":58},[44,70891,10529],{"class":99},[44,70893,103],{"class":58},[44,70895,7713],{"class":89},[44,70897,993],{"class":58},[44,70899,70900,70902,70904,70906,70908,70910],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,70901,100],{"class":99},[44,70903,103],{"class":58},[44,70905,7713],{"class":89},[44,70907,86],{"class":58},[44,70909,25589],{"class":89},[44,70911,6566],{"class":58},[44,70913,70914,70916,70918,70920,70922,70924,70926,70928],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,70915,100],{"class":99},[44,70917,103],{"class":58},[44,70919,7713],{"class":89},[44,70921,86],{"class":58},[44,70923,25589],{"class":89},[44,70925,103],{"class":58},[44,70927,1490],{"class":62},[44,70929,993],{"class":58},[44,70931,70932,70934,70936,70938,70940,70942],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,70933,100],{"class":99},[44,70935,103],{"class":58},[44,70937,985],{"class":121},[44,70939,103],{"class":58},[44,70941,35199],{"class":89},[44,70943,993],{"class":58},[20,70945,70946],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[145,70948,70949,70955],{},[148,70950,70951,70954],{},[15,70952,70953],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[148,70956,70957,70960],{},[15,70958,70959],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,70962,70963,70964,171],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,70965,70966],{},"print(my_list)",[131,70968,1196],{"id":1195},[347,70970,70972],{"id":70971},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,70974,70975,70976,70978],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,70977,951],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[347,70980,70982],{"id":70981},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,70984,70985,70987,70988,70990,70991,86],{},[15,70986,951],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,70989,944],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,70992,159],{},[347,70994,70996],{"id":70995},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,70998,70999,71000,71003],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71001,71002],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[347,71005,71007],{"id":71006},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71009,71010,71011,71013],{},"Python raises ",[15,71012,70093],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[131,71015,1251],{"id":1250},[145,71017,71018,71022,71027,71032,71037],{},[148,71019,71020],{},[167,71021,54875],{"href":54427},[148,71023,71024],{},[167,71025,71026],{"href":54432},"Python list remove() method",[148,71028,71029],{},[167,71030,71031],{"href":58325},"Python list index() method",[148,71033,71034],{},[167,71035,71036],{"href":50340},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[148,71038,71039],{},[167,71040,68621],{"href":68620},[1294,71042,71043],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":71045},[71046,71047,71048,71049,71050,71051,71052,71057,71063,71064,71070],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":69222,"depth":80,"text":69223},{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":69532,"depth":80,"text":69533},{"id":69661,"depth":80,"text":69662},{"id":69932,"depth":80,"text":69933},{"id":70079,"depth":80,"text":70080,"children":71053},[71054,71055,71056],{"id":70083,"depth":96,"text":70084},{"id":70221,"depth":96,"text":70222},{"id":70404,"depth":96,"text":70405},{"id":70601,"depth":80,"text":70602,"children":71058},[71059,71061],{"id":70608,"depth":96,"text":71060},"Use pop() when:",{"id":70624,"depth":96,"text":71062},"Use remove() when:",{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":71065},[71066,71067,71068,71069],{"id":70971,"depth":96,"text":70972},{"id":70981,"depth":96,"text":70982},{"id":70995,"depth":96,"text":70996},{"id":71006,"depth":96,"text":71007},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69089,"description":71071},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71078,"title":71079,"body":71080,"description":72866,"extension":1331,"meta":72867,"navigation":268,"path":72868,"seo":72869,"stem":72870,"__hash__":72871},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71081,"toc":72848},[71082,71085,71090,71096,71098,71168,71174,71178,71183,71204,71207,71274,71276,71297,71305,71307,71326,71342,71344,71409,71411,71436,71438,71440,71505,71507,71532,71534,71548,71551,71604,71606,71627,71631,71639,71712,71714,71747,71753,71759,71850,71852,71877,71883,71972,71974,71998,72000,72004,72059,72061,72093,72096,72099,72193,72195,72228,72234,72240,72244,72251,72277,72281,72346,72348,72373,72377,72458,72460,72489,72494,72499,72505,72509,72516,72538,72542,72601,72603,72627,72636,72641,72643,72647,72676,72678,72753,72756,72770,72776,72778,72782,72785,72789,72794,72798,72807,72811,72819,72821,72845],[10,71083,71079],{"id":71084},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71086,140,71087,71089],{},[15,71088,54435],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71091,71092,71093,71095],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[30,71094,1843],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[131,71097,1372],{"id":1371},[35,71099,71101],{"className":37,"code":71100,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71102,71103,71135,71153,71163],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71104,71105,71107,71109,71111,71113,71115,71117,71119,71121,71123,71125,71127,71129,71131,71133],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71106,362],{"class":50},[44,71108,55],{"class":54},[44,71110,2993],{"class":58},[44,71112,236],{"class":235},[44,71114,3450],{"class":239},[44,71116,236],{"class":235},[44,71118,66],{"class":58},[44,71120,247],{"class":235},[44,71122,3459],{"class":239},[44,71124,236],{"class":235},[44,71126,66],{"class":58},[44,71128,247],{"class":235},[44,71130,32571],{"class":239},[44,71132,236],{"class":235},[44,71134,3006],{"class":58},[44,71136,71137,71139,71141,71143,71145,71147,71149,71151],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,71138,397],{"class":50},[44,71140,86],{"class":58},[44,71142,34146],{"class":89},[44,71144,103],{"class":58},[44,71146,236],{"class":235},[44,71148,3459],{"class":239},[44,71150,236],{"class":235},[44,71152,108],{"class":58},[44,71154,71155,71157,71159,71161],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,71156,100],{"class":99},[44,71158,103],{"class":58},[44,71160,397],{"class":89},[44,71162,108],{"class":58},[44,71164,71165],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,71166,71167],{"class":3035},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71169,1462,71170,71173],{},[15,71171,71172],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[131,71175,71177],{"id":71176},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71179,71180,71182],{},[15,71181,944],{}," is a list method that:",[145,71184,71185,71191,71196,71201],{},[148,71186,71187,71188,71190],{},"Deletes the ",[30,71189,29257],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[148,71192,71193,71194],{},"Changes the original list ",[30,71195,10700],{},[148,71197,1212,71198,71200],{},[30,71199,604],{}," return a new list",[148,71202,71203],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71205,71206],{},"This is important for beginners:",[35,71208,71210],{"className":37,"code":71209,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71211,71212,71232,71250,71254,71264],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71213,71214,71216,71218,71220,71222,71224,71226,71228,71230],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71215,51],{"class":50},[44,71217,55],{"class":54},[44,71219,2993],{"class":58},[44,71221,63],{"class":62},[44,71223,66],{"class":58},[44,71225,69],{"class":62},[44,71227,66],{"class":58},[44,71229,74],{"class":62},[44,71231,3006],{"class":58},[44,71233,71234,71236,71238,71240,71242,71244,71246,71248],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,71235,644],{"class":50},[44,71237,55],{"class":54},[44,71239,649],{"class":50},[44,71241,86],{"class":58},[44,71243,34146],{"class":89},[44,71245,103],{"class":58},[44,71247,1426],{"class":62},[44,71249,108],{"class":58},[44,71251,71252],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,71253,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,71255,71256,71258,71260,71262],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,71257,100],{"class":99},[44,71259,103],{"class":58},[44,71261,83],{"class":89},[44,71263,108],{"class":58},[44,71265,71266,71268,71270,71272],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,71267,100],{"class":99},[44,71269,103],{"class":58},[44,71271,668],{"class":89},[44,71273,108],{"class":58},[20,71275,111],{},[35,71277,71279],{"className":37,"code":71278,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71280,71281,71293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71282,71283,71285,71287,71289,71291],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71284,3270],{"class":58},[44,71286,63],{"class":62},[44,71288,66],{"class":58},[44,71290,74],{"class":62},[44,71292,3006],{"class":58},[44,71294,71295],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,71296,693],{"class":692},[20,71298,71299,71300,71302,71303,86],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71301,944],{}," itself returned ",[15,71304,159],{},[131,71306,4800],{"id":4799},[35,71308,71310],{"className":37,"code":71309,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71311,71312],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71313,71314,71316,71318,71320,71322,71324],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71315,7467],{"class":121},[44,71317,86],{"class":58},[44,71319,34146],{"class":89},[44,71321,103],{"class":58},[44,71323,1843],{"class":89},[44,71325,108],{"class":58},[145,71327,71328,71333,71336],{},[148,71329,71330,71332],{},[15,71331,1843],{}," is the item you want to delete",[148,71334,71335],{},"Python searches from left to right",[148,71337,71338,71339,71341],{},"Only the ",[30,71340,29257],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71343,1578],{},[35,71345,71347],{"className":37,"code":71346,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71348,71349,71381,71399],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71350,71351,71353,71355,71357,71359,71361,71363,71365,71367,71369,71371,71373,71375,71377,71379],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71352,35444],{"class":50},[44,71354,55],{"class":54},[44,71356,2993],{"class":58},[44,71358,236],{"class":235},[44,71360,167],{"class":239},[44,71362,236],{"class":235},[44,71364,66],{"class":58},[44,71366,247],{"class":235},[44,71368,1164],{"class":239},[44,71370,236],{"class":235},[44,71372,66],{"class":58},[44,71374,247],{"class":235},[44,71376,9109],{"class":239},[44,71378,236],{"class":235},[44,71380,3006],{"class":58},[44,71382,71383,71385,71387,71389,71391,71393,71395,71397],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,71384,35497],{"class":50},[44,71386,86],{"class":58},[44,71388,34146],{"class":89},[44,71390,103],{"class":58},[44,71392,236],{"class":235},[44,71394,1164],{"class":239},[44,71396,236],{"class":235},[44,71398,108],{"class":58},[44,71400,71401,71403,71405,71407],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,71402,100],{"class":99},[44,71404,103],{"class":58},[44,71406,35497],{"class":89},[44,71408,108],{"class":58},[20,71410,111],{},[35,71412,71414],{"className":37,"code":71413,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71415,71416],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71417,71418,71420,71422,71424,71426,71428,71430,71432,71434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71419,3270],{"class":58},[44,71421,1018],{"class":235},[44,71423,167],{"class":239},[44,71425,1018],{"class":235},[44,71427,66],{"class":58},[44,71429,1012],{"class":235},[44,71431,9109],{"class":239},[44,71433,1018],{"class":235},[44,71435,3006],{"class":58},[131,71437,5157],{"id":5156},[20,71439,64536],{},[35,71441,71443],{"className":37,"code":71442,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71444,71445,71477,71495],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71446,71447,71449,71451,71453,71455,71457,71459,71461,71463,71465,71467,71469,71471,71473,71475],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71448,228],{"class":50},[44,71450,55],{"class":54},[44,71452,2993],{"class":58},[44,71454,236],{"class":235},[44,71456,240],{"class":239},[44,71458,236],{"class":235},[44,71460,66],{"class":58},[44,71462,247],{"class":235},[44,71464,259],{"class":239},[44,71466,236],{"class":235},[44,71468,66],{"class":58},[44,71470,247],{"class":235},[44,71472,250],{"class":239},[44,71474,236],{"class":235},[44,71476,3006],{"class":58},[44,71478,71479,71481,71483,71485,71487,71489,71491,71493],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,71480,274],{"class":50},[44,71482,86],{"class":58},[44,71484,34146],{"class":89},[44,71486,103],{"class":58},[44,71488,236],{"class":235},[44,71490,259],{"class":239},[44,71492,236],{"class":235},[44,71494,108],{"class":58},[44,71496,71497,71499,71501,71503],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,71498,100],{"class":99},[44,71500,103],{"class":58},[44,71502,274],{"class":89},[44,71504,108],{"class":58},[20,71506,111],{},[35,71508,71510],{"className":37,"code":71509,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,71511,71512],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71513,71514,71516,71518,71520,71522,71524,71526,71528,71530],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71515,3270],{"class":58},[44,71517,1018],{"class":235},[44,71519,240],{"class":239},[44,71521,1018],{"class":235},[44,71523,66],{"class":58},[44,71525,1012],{"class":235},[44,71527,250],{"class":239},[44,71529,1018],{"class":235},[44,71531,3006],{"class":58},[20,71533,311],{},[145,71535,71536,71539,71545],{},[148,71537,71538],{},"A list is created with three values",[148,71540,71541,71544],{},[15,71542,71543],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[148,71546,71547],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,71549,71550],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[35,71552,71554],{"className":37,"code":71553,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,71555,71556,71580,71594],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71557,71558,71560,71562,71564,71566,71568,71570,71572,71574,71576,71578],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71559,4434],{"class":50},[44,71561,55],{"class":54},[44,71563,2993],{"class":58},[44,71565,1701],{"class":62},[44,71567,66],{"class":58},[44,71569,7163],{"class":62},[44,71571,66],{"class":58},[44,71573,7168],{"class":62},[44,71575,66],{"class":58},[44,71577,50204],{"class":62},[44,71579,3006],{"class":58},[44,71581,71582,71584,71586,71588,71590,71592],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,71583,15740],{"class":50},[44,71585,86],{"class":58},[44,71587,34146],{"class":89},[44,71589,103],{"class":58},[44,71591,36195],{"class":62},[44,71593,108],{"class":58},[44,71595,71596,71598,71600,71602],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,71597,100],{"class":99},[44,71599,103],{"class":58},[44,71601,15740],{"class":89},[44,71603,108],{"class":58},[20,71605,111],{},[35,71607,71609],{"className":37,"code":71608,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,71610,71611],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71612,71613,71615,71617,71619,71621,71623,71625],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71614,3270],{"class":58},[44,71616,1701],{"class":62},[44,71618,66],{"class":58},[44,71620,7163],{"class":62},[44,71622,66],{"class":58},[44,71624,50204],{"class":62},[44,71626,3006],{"class":58},[131,71628,71630],{"id":71629},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,71632,64526,71633,71635,71636,71638],{},[15,71634,944],{}," deletes only the ",[30,71637,29257],{}," one.",[35,71640,71642],{"className":37,"code":71641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71643,71644,71684,71702],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71645,71646,71648,71650,71652,71654,71656,71658,71660,71662,71664,71666,71668,71670,71672,71674,71676,71678,71680,71682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71647,362],{"class":50},[44,71649,55],{"class":54},[44,71651,2993],{"class":58},[44,71653,236],{"class":235},[44,71655,3450],{"class":239},[44,71657,236],{"class":235},[44,71659,66],{"class":58},[44,71661,247],{"class":235},[44,71663,3459],{"class":239},[44,71665,236],{"class":235},[44,71667,66],{"class":58},[44,71669,247],{"class":235},[44,71671,3450],{"class":239},[44,71673,236],{"class":235},[44,71675,66],{"class":58},[44,71677,247],{"class":235},[44,71679,32571],{"class":239},[44,71681,236],{"class":235},[44,71683,3006],{"class":58},[44,71685,71686,71688,71690,71692,71694,71696,71698,71700],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,71687,397],{"class":50},[44,71689,86],{"class":58},[44,71691,34146],{"class":89},[44,71693,103],{"class":58},[44,71695,236],{"class":235},[44,71697,3450],{"class":239},[44,71699,236],{"class":235},[44,71701,108],{"class":58},[44,71703,71704,71706,71708,71710],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,71705,100],{"class":99},[44,71707,103],{"class":58},[44,71709,397],{"class":89},[44,71711,108],{"class":58},[20,71713,111],{},[35,71715,71717],{"className":37,"code":71716,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71718,71719],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71720,71721,71723,71725,71727,71729,71731,71733,71735,71737,71739,71741,71743,71745],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71722,3270],{"class":58},[44,71724,1018],{"class":235},[44,71726,3459],{"class":239},[44,71728,1018],{"class":235},[44,71730,66],{"class":58},[44,71732,1012],{"class":235},[44,71734,3450],{"class":239},[44,71736,1018],{"class":235},[44,71738,66],{"class":58},[44,71740,1012],{"class":235},[44,71742,32571],{"class":239},[44,71744,1018],{"class":235},[44,71746,3006],{"class":58},[20,71748,71749,71750,71752],{},"Only the first ",[15,71751,57193],{}," was removed.",[20,71754,71755,71756,71758],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,71757,944],{}," again:",[35,71760,71762],{"className":37,"code":71761,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71763,71764,71804,71822,71840],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71765,71766,71768,71770,71772,71774,71776,71778,71780,71782,71784,71786,71788,71790,71792,71794,71796,71798,71800,71802],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71767,362],{"class":50},[44,71769,55],{"class":54},[44,71771,2993],{"class":58},[44,71773,236],{"class":235},[44,71775,3450],{"class":239},[44,71777,236],{"class":235},[44,71779,66],{"class":58},[44,71781,247],{"class":235},[44,71783,3459],{"class":239},[44,71785,236],{"class":235},[44,71787,66],{"class":58},[44,71789,247],{"class":235},[44,71791,3450],{"class":239},[44,71793,236],{"class":235},[44,71795,66],{"class":58},[44,71797,247],{"class":235},[44,71799,32571],{"class":239},[44,71801,236],{"class":235},[44,71803,3006],{"class":58},[44,71805,71806,71808,71810,71812,71814,71816,71818,71820],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,71807,397],{"class":50},[44,71809,86],{"class":58},[44,71811,34146],{"class":89},[44,71813,103],{"class":58},[44,71815,236],{"class":235},[44,71817,3450],{"class":239},[44,71819,236],{"class":235},[44,71821,108],{"class":58},[44,71823,71824,71826,71828,71830,71832,71834,71836,71838],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,71825,397],{"class":50},[44,71827,86],{"class":58},[44,71829,34146],{"class":89},[44,71831,103],{"class":58},[44,71833,236],{"class":235},[44,71835,3450],{"class":239},[44,71837,236],{"class":235},[44,71839,108],{"class":58},[44,71841,71842,71844,71846,71848],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,71843,100],{"class":99},[44,71845,103],{"class":58},[44,71847,397],{"class":89},[44,71849,108],{"class":58},[20,71851,111],{},[35,71853,71855],{"className":37,"code":71854,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,71856,71857],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71858,71859,71861,71863,71865,71867,71869,71871,71873,71875],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71860,3270],{"class":58},[44,71862,1018],{"class":235},[44,71864,3459],{"class":239},[44,71866,1018],{"class":235},[44,71868,66],{"class":58},[44,71870,1012],{"class":235},[44,71872,32571],{"class":239},[44,71874,1018],{"class":235},[44,71876,3006],{"class":58},[20,71878,71879,71880,71882],{},"If you need to remove ",[30,71881,934],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[35,71884,71886],{"className":37,"code":71885,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,71887,71888,71928,71962],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71889,71890,71892,71894,71896,71898,71900,71902,71904,71906,71908,71910,71912,71914,71916,71918,71920,71922,71924,71926],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71891,362],{"class":50},[44,71893,55],{"class":54},[44,71895,2993],{"class":58},[44,71897,236],{"class":235},[44,71899,3450],{"class":239},[44,71901,236],{"class":235},[44,71903,66],{"class":58},[44,71905,247],{"class":235},[44,71907,3459],{"class":239},[44,71909,236],{"class":235},[44,71911,66],{"class":58},[44,71913,247],{"class":235},[44,71915,3450],{"class":239},[44,71917,236],{"class":235},[44,71919,66],{"class":58},[44,71921,247],{"class":235},[44,71923,32571],{"class":239},[44,71925,236],{"class":235},[44,71927,3006],{"class":58},[44,71929,71930,71932,71934,71936,71938,71940,71942,71944,71947,71949,71951,71954,71956,71958,71960],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,71931,362],{"class":50},[44,71933,55],{"class":54},[44,71935,2993],{"class":58},[44,71937,27887],{"class":50},[44,71939,5328],{"class":3245},[44,71941,5331],{"class":50},[44,71943,3252],{"class":3245},[44,71945,71946],{"class":50}," items ",[44,71948,6369],{"class":3245},[44,71950,5331],{"class":50},[44,71952,71953],{"class":54},"!=",[44,71955,247],{"class":235},[44,71957,3450],{"class":239},[44,71959,236],{"class":235},[44,71961,3006],{"class":58},[44,71963,71964,71966,71968,71970],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,71965,100],{"class":99},[44,71967,103],{"class":58},[44,71969,397],{"class":89},[44,71971,108],{"class":58},[20,71973,111],{},[35,71975,71976],{"className":37,"code":71854,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,71977,71978],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71979,71980,71982,71984,71986,71988,71990,71992,71994,71996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71981,3270],{"class":58},[44,71983,1018],{"class":235},[44,71985,3459],{"class":239},[44,71987,1018],{"class":235},[44,71989,66],{"class":58},[44,71991,1012],{"class":235},[44,71993,32571],{"class":239},[44,71995,1018],{"class":235},[44,71997,3006],{"class":58},[131,71999,64992],{"id":64991},[20,72001,64995,72002,86],{},[15,72003,40060],{},[35,72005,72007],{"className":37,"code":72006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72008,72009,72041],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72010,72011,72013,72015,72017,72019,72021,72023,72025,72027,72029,72031,72033,72035,72037,72039],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72012,362],{"class":50},[44,72014,55],{"class":54},[44,72016,2993],{"class":58},[44,72018,236],{"class":235},[44,72020,3450],{"class":239},[44,72022,236],{"class":235},[44,72024,66],{"class":58},[44,72026,247],{"class":235},[44,72028,3459],{"class":239},[44,72030,236],{"class":235},[44,72032,66],{"class":58},[44,72034,247],{"class":235},[44,72036,32571],{"class":239},[44,72038,236],{"class":235},[44,72040,3006],{"class":58},[44,72042,72043,72045,72047,72049,72051,72053,72055,72057],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,72044,397],{"class":50},[44,72046,86],{"class":58},[44,72048,34146],{"class":89},[44,72050,103],{"class":58},[44,72052,236],{"class":235},[44,72054,21880],{"class":239},[44,72056,236],{"class":235},[44,72058,108],{"class":58},[20,72060,111],{},[35,72062,72064],{"className":37,"code":72063,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72065,72066],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72067,72068,72070,72072,72074,72076,72078,72080,72082,72084,72086,72088,72090],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72069,40060],{"class":121},[44,72071,2255],{"class":58},[44,72073,21907],{"class":121},[44,72075,86],{"class":58},[44,72077,34146],{"class":89},[44,72079,103],{"class":58},[44,72081,1104],{"class":89},[44,72083,15803],{"class":58},[44,72085,3249],{"class":50},[44,72087,604],{"class":54},[44,72089,20521],{"class":54},[44,72091,72092],{"class":121}," list\n",[20,72094,72095],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72097,72098],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[35,72100,72102],{"className":37,"code":72101,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72103,72104,72136,72148,72152,72164,72179,72183],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72105,72106,72108,72110,72112,72114,72116,72118,72120,72122,72124,72126,72128,72130,72132,72134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72107,362],{"class":50},[44,72109,55],{"class":54},[44,72111,2993],{"class":58},[44,72113,236],{"class":235},[44,72115,3450],{"class":239},[44,72117,236],{"class":235},[44,72119,66],{"class":58},[44,72121,247],{"class":235},[44,72123,3459],{"class":239},[44,72125,236],{"class":235},[44,72127,66],{"class":58},[44,72129,247],{"class":235},[44,72131,32571],{"class":239},[44,72133,236],{"class":235},[44,72135,3006],{"class":58},[44,72137,72138,72140,72142,72144,72146],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,72139,1817],{"class":50},[44,72141,55],{"class":54},[44,72143,247],{"class":235},[44,72145,21880],{"class":239},[44,72147,2727],{"class":235},[44,72149,72150],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,72151,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,72153,72154,72156,72158,72160,72162],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,72155,6369],{"class":3245},[44,72157,20932],{"class":50},[44,72159,3252],{"class":54},[44,72161,5336],{"class":50},[44,72163,5764],{"class":58},[44,72165,72166,72169,72171,72173,72175,72177],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,72167,72168],{"class":50},"    items",[44,72170,86],{"class":58},[44,72172,34146],{"class":89},[44,72174,103],{"class":58},[44,72176,1843],{"class":89},[44,72178,108],{"class":58},[44,72180,72181],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,72182,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,72184,72185,72187,72189,72191],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,72186,100],{"class":99},[44,72188,103],{"class":58},[44,72190,397],{"class":89},[44,72192,108],{"class":58},[20,72194,111],{},[35,72196,72198],{"className":37,"code":72197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72199,72200],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72201,72202,72204,72206,72208,72210,72212,72214,72216,72218,72220,72222,72224,72226],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72203,3270],{"class":58},[44,72205,1018],{"class":235},[44,72207,3450],{"class":239},[44,72209,1018],{"class":235},[44,72211,66],{"class":58},[44,72213,1012],{"class":235},[44,72215,3459],{"class":239},[44,72217,1018],{"class":235},[44,72219,66],{"class":58},[44,72221,1012],{"class":235},[44,72223,32571],{"class":239},[44,72225,1018],{"class":235},[44,72227,3006],{"class":58},[20,72229,72230,72231,72233],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72232,944],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72235,72236,72237,86],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[167,72238,65201],{"href":72239},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[131,72241,72243],{"id":72242},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72245,72246,342,72248,72250],{},[15,72247,944],{},[15,72249,951],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[145,72252,72253,72260,72266,72272],{},[148,72254,72255,72257,72258],{},[15,72256,944],{}," deletes by ",[30,72259,1843],{},[148,72261,72262,72257,72264],{},[15,72263,951],{},[30,72265,35199],{},[148,72267,72268,772,72270],{},[15,72269,944],{},[15,72271,159],{},[148,72273,72274,72276],{},[15,72275,951],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72278,45399,72279,2255],{},[15,72280,944],{},[35,72282,72284],{"className":37,"code":72283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72285,72286,72318,72336],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72287,72288,72290,72292,72294,72296,72298,72300,72302,72304,72306,72308,72310,72312,72314,72316],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72289,362],{"class":50},[44,72291,55],{"class":54},[44,72293,2993],{"class":58},[44,72295,236],{"class":235},[44,72297,3450],{"class":239},[44,72299,236],{"class":235},[44,72301,66],{"class":58},[44,72303,247],{"class":235},[44,72305,3459],{"class":239},[44,72307,236],{"class":235},[44,72309,66],{"class":58},[44,72311,247],{"class":235},[44,72313,32571],{"class":239},[44,72315,236],{"class":235},[44,72317,3006],{"class":58},[44,72319,72320,72322,72324,72326,72328,72330,72332,72334],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,72321,397],{"class":50},[44,72323,86],{"class":58},[44,72325,34146],{"class":89},[44,72327,103],{"class":58},[44,72329,236],{"class":235},[44,72331,3459],{"class":239},[44,72333,236],{"class":235},[44,72335,108],{"class":58},[44,72337,72338,72340,72342,72344],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,72339,100],{"class":99},[44,72341,103],{"class":58},[44,72343,397],{"class":89},[44,72345,108],{"class":58},[20,72347,111],{},[35,72349,72351],{"className":37,"code":72350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72352,72353],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72354,72355,72357,72359,72361,72363,72365,72367,72369,72371],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72356,3270],{"class":58},[44,72358,1018],{"class":235},[44,72360,3450],{"class":239},[44,72362,1018],{"class":235},[44,72364,66],{"class":58},[44,72366,1012],{"class":235},[44,72368,32571],{"class":239},[44,72370,1018],{"class":235},[44,72372,3006],{"class":58},[20,72374,45399,72375,2255],{},[15,72376,951],{},[35,72378,72380],{"className":37,"code":72379,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72381,72382,72414,72433,72437,72447],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72383,72384,72386,72388,72390,72392,72394,72396,72398,72400,72402,72404,72406,72408,72410,72412],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72385,362],{"class":50},[44,72387,55],{"class":54},[44,72389,2993],{"class":58},[44,72391,236],{"class":235},[44,72393,3450],{"class":239},[44,72395,236],{"class":235},[44,72397,66],{"class":58},[44,72399,247],{"class":235},[44,72401,3459],{"class":239},[44,72403,236],{"class":235},[44,72405,66],{"class":58},[44,72407,247],{"class":235},[44,72409,32571],{"class":239},[44,72411,236],{"class":235},[44,72413,3006],{"class":58},[44,72415,72416,72419,72421,72423,72425,72427,72429,72431],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,72417,72418],{"class":50},"removed_item ",[44,72420,55],{"class":54},[44,72422,5336],{"class":50},[44,72424,86],{"class":58},[44,72426,25589],{"class":89},[44,72428,103],{"class":58},[44,72430,63],{"class":62},[44,72432,108],{"class":58},[44,72434,72435],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,72436,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,72438,72439,72441,72443,72445],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,72440,100],{"class":99},[44,72442,103],{"class":58},[44,72444,397],{"class":89},[44,72446,108],{"class":58},[44,72448,72449,72451,72453,72456],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,72450,100],{"class":99},[44,72452,103],{"class":58},[44,72454,72455],{"class":89},"removed_item",[44,72457,108],{"class":58},[20,72459,111],{},[35,72461,72463],{"className":37,"code":72462,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72464,72465,72485],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72466,72467,72469,72471,72473,72475,72477,72479,72481,72483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72468,3270],{"class":58},[44,72470,1018],{"class":235},[44,72472,3450],{"class":239},[44,72474,1018],{"class":235},[44,72476,66],{"class":58},[44,72478,1012],{"class":235},[44,72480,32571],{"class":239},[44,72482,1018],{"class":235},[44,72484,3006],{"class":58},[44,72486,72487],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,72488,69768],{"class":50},[20,72490,1462,72491,72493],{},[15,72492,944],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,72495,1462,72496,72498],{},[15,72497,951],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,72500,72501,72502,86],{},"For more detail, see the ",[167,72503,72504],{"href":54439},"Python list pop() method",[131,72506,72508],{"id":72507},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,72510,72511,342,72513,72515],{},[15,72512,944],{},[15,72514,26373],{}," are also different.",[145,72517,72518,72523,72528,72533],{},[148,72519,72520,72522],{},[15,72521,944],{}," deletes by matching value",[148,72524,72525,72527],{},[15,72526,26373],{}," deletes by index or slice",[148,72529,1462,72530,72532],{},[15,72531,26373],{}," when you know the position",[148,72534,1462,72535,72537],{},[15,72536,944],{}," when you know the item value",[20,72539,45399,72540,2255],{},[15,72541,26373],{},[35,72543,72545],{"className":37,"code":72544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72546,72547,72579,72591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72548,72549,72551,72553,72555,72557,72559,72561,72563,72565,72567,72569,72571,72573,72575,72577],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72550,362],{"class":50},[44,72552,55],{"class":54},[44,72554,2993],{"class":58},[44,72556,236],{"class":235},[44,72558,3450],{"class":239},[44,72560,236],{"class":235},[44,72562,66],{"class":58},[44,72564,247],{"class":235},[44,72566,3459],{"class":239},[44,72568,236],{"class":235},[44,72570,66],{"class":58},[44,72572,247],{"class":235},[44,72574,32571],{"class":239},[44,72576,236],{"class":235},[44,72578,3006],{"class":58},[44,72580,72581,72583,72585,72587,72589],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,72582,26373],{"class":3245},[44,72584,5336],{"class":50},[44,72586,3270],{"class":58},[44,72588,63],{"class":62},[44,72590,3006],{"class":58},[44,72592,72593,72595,72597,72599],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,72594,100],{"class":99},[44,72596,103],{"class":58},[44,72598,397],{"class":89},[44,72600,108],{"class":58},[20,72602,111],{},[35,72604,72605],{"className":37,"code":72350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,72606,72607],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72608,72609,72611,72613,72615,72617,72619,72621,72623,72625],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72610,3270],{"class":58},[44,72612,1018],{"class":235},[44,72614,3450],{"class":239},[44,72616,1018],{"class":235},[44,72618,66],{"class":58},[44,72620,1012],{"class":235},[44,72622,32571],{"class":239},[44,72624,1018],{"class":235},[44,72626,3006],{"class":58},[20,72628,72629,72630,72632,72633,72635],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,72631,63],{},", not the value ",[15,72634,64636],{}," directly.",[20,72637,72638,72639,86],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[167,72640,54428],{"href":54427},[131,72642,2200],{"id":2199},[20,72644,20559,72645,2255],{},[15,72646,944],{},[145,72648,72649,72652,72657,72664,72673],{},[148,72650,72651],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[148,72653,923,72654,72656],{},[15,72655,944],{}," to delete all matching values",[148,72658,793,72659,72661,72662],{},[15,72660,944],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,72663,159],{},[148,72665,350,72666,43988,72668,945,72670,72672],{},[15,72667,944],{},[15,72669,951],{},[15,72671,26373],{}," would be a better fit",[148,72674,72675],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,72677,70868],{},[35,72679,72681],{"className":37,"code":72680,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,72682,72683,72693,72707,72725,72739],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72684,72685,72687,72689,72691],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72686,100],{"class":99},[44,72688,103],{"class":58},[44,72690,7713],{"class":89},[44,72692,108],{"class":58},[44,72694,72695,72697,72699,72701,72703,72705],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,72696,100],{"class":99},[44,72698,103],{"class":58},[44,72700,1817],{"class":89},[44,72702,3252],{"class":3245},[44,72704,7770],{"class":89},[44,72706,108],{"class":58},[44,72708,72709,72711,72713,72715,72717,72719,72721,72723],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,72710,100],{"class":99},[44,72712,103],{"class":58},[44,72714,7713],{"class":89},[44,72716,86],{"class":58},[44,72718,40616],{"class":89},[44,72720,103],{"class":58},[44,72722,1843],{"class":89},[44,72724,993],{"class":58},[44,72726,72727,72729,72731,72733,72735,72737],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,72728,100],{"class":99},[44,72730,103],{"class":58},[44,72732,985],{"class":121},[44,72734,103],{"class":58},[44,72736,7713],{"class":89},[44,72738,993],{"class":58},[44,72740,72741,72743,72745,72747,72749,72751],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,72742,31502],{"class":99},[44,72744,103],{"class":58},[44,72746,7467],{"class":121},[44,72748,86],{"class":58},[44,72750,34146],{"class":24098},[44,72752,108],{"class":58},[20,72754,72755],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[145,72757,72758,72761,72764,72767],{},[148,72759,72760],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[148,72762,72763],{},"How many times does it appear?",[148,72765,72766],{},"Am I working with a list?",[148,72768,72769],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,72771,72772,72773,72775],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[167,72774,71031],{"href":58325}," may also help.",[131,72777,1196],{"id":1195},[347,72779,72781],{"id":72780},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,72783,72784],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[347,72786,72788],{"id":72787},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,72790,608,72791,72793],{},[15,72792,159],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[347,72795,72797],{"id":72796},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,72799,72800,72801,72804,72805,86],{},"Check with ",[15,72802,72803],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,72806,944],{},[347,72808,72810],{"id":72809},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,72812,1462,72813,72815,72816,72818],{},[15,72814,944],{}," for a value and ",[15,72817,951],{}," for an index.",[131,72820,1251],{"id":1250},[145,72822,72823,72827,72831,72835,72839],{},[148,72824,72825],{},[167,72826,54875],{"href":54427},[148,72828,72829],{},[167,72830,72504],{"href":54439},[148,72832,72833],{},[167,72834,71031],{"href":58325},[148,72836,72837],{},[167,72838,65201],{"href":72239},[148,72840,72841],{},[167,72842,72844],{"href":72843},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1294,72846,72847],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":72849},[72850,72851,72852,72853,72854,72855,72856,72857,72858,72859,72865],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":71176,"depth":80,"text":71177},{"id":4799,"depth":80,"text":4800},{"id":5156,"depth":80,"text":5157},{"id":71629,"depth":80,"text":71630},{"id":64991,"depth":80,"text":64992},{"id":72242,"depth":80,"text":72243},{"id":72507,"depth":80,"text":72508},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":72860},[72861,72862,72863,72864],{"id":72780,"depth":96,"text":72781},{"id":72787,"depth":96,"text":72788},{"id":72796,"depth":96,"text":72797},{"id":72809,"depth":96,"text":72810},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71079,"description":72866},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":72873,"title":72874,"body":72875,"description":74766,"extension":1331,"meta":74767,"navigation":268,"path":74768,"seo":74769,"stem":74770,"__hash__":74771},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":72876,"toc":74736},[72877,72883,72889,72892,72903,72905,72954,72959,72964,72968,72983,72985,73050,73052,73093,73095,73097,73112,73114,73125,73127,73184,73186,73219,73221,73224,73273,73275,73300,73302,73318,73324,73331,73392,73394,73427,73432,73435,73515,73517,73578,73584,73588,73591,73655,73657,73682,73684,73704,73706,73755,73757,73778,73787,73790,73794,73799,73844,73846,73867,73873,73878,73886,73950,73952,73989,73995,73999,74006,74071,74073,74110,74114,74131,74141,74146,74151,74162,74169,74171,74177,74200,74203,74230,74235,74238,74339,74341,74396,74399,74506,74508,74579,74582,74608,74610,74615,74619,74627,74632,74637,74643,74648,74652,74655,74672,74675,74695,74703,74705,74733],[10,72878,53704,72880,18],{"id":72879},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,72881,72882],{},"reverse()",[20,72884,72885,72888],{},[15,72886,72887],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,72890,72891],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,72893,72894,72895,72897,72898,72902],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,72896,72882],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[167,72899,72901],{"href":72900},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[131,72904,2979],{"id":2978},[35,72906,72908],{"className":37,"code":72907,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,72909,72910,72930,72941],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72911,72912,72914,72916,72918,72920,72922,72924,72926,72928],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72913,51],{"class":50},[44,72915,55],{"class":54},[44,72917,2993],{"class":58},[44,72919,63],{"class":62},[44,72921,66],{"class":58},[44,72923,69],{"class":62},[44,72925,66],{"class":58},[44,72927,74],{"class":62},[44,72929,3006],{"class":58},[44,72931,72932,72934,72936,72939],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,72933,83],{"class":50},[44,72935,86],{"class":58},[44,72937,72938],{"class":89},"reverse",[44,72940,93],{"class":58},[44,72942,72943,72945,72947,72949,72951],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,72944,100],{"class":99},[44,72946,103],{"class":58},[44,72948,83],{"class":89},[44,72950,3032],{"class":58},[44,72952,72953],{"class":3035},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,72955,72956,72958],{},[15,72957,72882],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[131,72960,134,72962,137],{"id":72961},"what-listreverse-does",[15,72963,72887],{},[20,72965,72966,2255],{},[15,72967,72887],{},[145,72969,72970,72973,72976,72980],{},[148,72971,72972],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[148,72974,72975],{},"Changes the original list directly",[148,72977,156,72978],{},[15,72979,159],{},[148,72981,72982],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,72984,1578],{},[35,72986,72988],{"className":37,"code":72987,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72989,72990,73030,73040],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72991,72992,72994,72996,72998,73000,73002,73004,73006,73008,73010,73012,73014,73016,73018,73020,73022,73024,73026,73028],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72993,35444],{"class":50},[44,72995,55],{"class":54},[44,72997,2993],{"class":58},[44,72999,236],{"class":235},[44,73001,167],{"class":239},[44,73003,236],{"class":235},[44,73005,66],{"class":58},[44,73007,247],{"class":235},[44,73009,1164],{"class":239},[44,73011,236],{"class":235},[44,73013,66],{"class":58},[44,73015,247],{"class":235},[44,73017,9109],{"class":239},[44,73019,236],{"class":235},[44,73021,66],{"class":58},[44,73023,247],{"class":235},[44,73025,18115],{"class":239},[44,73027,236],{"class":235},[44,73029,3006],{"class":58},[44,73031,73032,73034,73036,73038],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,73033,35497],{"class":50},[44,73035,86],{"class":58},[44,73037,72938],{"class":89},[44,73039,93],{"class":58},[44,73041,73042,73044,73046,73048],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,73043,100],{"class":99},[44,73045,103],{"class":58},[44,73047,35497],{"class":89},[44,73049,108],{"class":58},[20,73051,111],{},[35,73053,73055],{"className":37,"code":73054,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73056,73057],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73058,73059,73061,73063,73065,73067,73069,73071,73073,73075,73077,73079,73081,73083,73085,73087,73089,73091],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73060,3270],{"class":58},[44,73062,1018],{"class":235},[44,73064,18115],{"class":239},[44,73066,1018],{"class":235},[44,73068,66],{"class":58},[44,73070,1012],{"class":235},[44,73072,9109],{"class":239},[44,73074,1018],{"class":235},[44,73076,66],{"class":58},[44,73078,1012],{"class":235},[44,73080,1164],{"class":239},[44,73082,1018],{"class":235},[44,73084,66],{"class":58},[44,73086,1012],{"class":235},[44,73088,167],{"class":239},[44,73090,1018],{"class":235},[44,73092,3006],{"class":58},[131,73094,175],{"id":174},[20,73096,1530],{},[35,73098,73100],{"className":37,"code":73099,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73101,73102],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73103,73104,73106,73108,73110],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73105,7713],{"class":50},[44,73107,86],{"class":58},[44,73109,72938],{"class":89},[44,73111,93],{"class":58},[20,73113,197],{},[145,73115,73116,73119,73122],{},[148,73117,73118],{},"No arguments are needed",[148,73120,73121],{},"You call it on an existing list",[148,73123,73124],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73126,1578],{},[35,73128,73130],{"className":37,"code":73129,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73131,73132,73164,73174],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73133,73134,73136,73138,73140,73142,73144,73146,73148,73150,73152,73154,73156,73158,73160,73162],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73135,228],{"class":50},[44,73137,55],{"class":54},[44,73139,2993],{"class":58},[44,73141,236],{"class":235},[44,73143,240],{"class":239},[44,73145,236],{"class":235},[44,73147,66],{"class":58},[44,73149,247],{"class":235},[44,73151,250],{"class":239},[44,73153,236],{"class":235},[44,73155,66],{"class":58},[44,73157,247],{"class":235},[44,73159,259],{"class":239},[44,73161,236],{"class":235},[44,73163,3006],{"class":58},[44,73165,73166,73168,73170,73172],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,73167,274],{"class":50},[44,73169,86],{"class":58},[44,73171,72938],{"class":89},[44,73173,93],{"class":58},[44,73175,73176,73178,73180,73182],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,73177,100],{"class":99},[44,73179,103],{"class":58},[44,73181,274],{"class":89},[44,73183,108],{"class":58},[20,73185,111],{},[35,73187,73189],{"className":37,"code":73188,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73190,73191],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73192,73193,73195,73197,73199,73201,73203,73205,73207,73209,73211,73213,73215,73217],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73194,3270],{"class":58},[44,73196,1018],{"class":235},[44,73198,259],{"class":239},[44,73200,1018],{"class":235},[44,73202,66],{"class":58},[44,73204,1012],{"class":235},[44,73206,250],{"class":239},[44,73208,1018],{"class":235},[44,73210,66],{"class":58},[44,73212,1012],{"class":235},[44,73214,240],{"class":239},[44,73216,1018],{"class":235},[44,73218,3006],{"class":58},[131,73220,215],{"id":214},[20,73222,73223],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[35,73225,73227],{"className":37,"code":73226,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73228,73229,73253,73263],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73230,73231,73233,73235,73237,73239,73241,73243,73245,73247,73249,73251],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73232,51],{"class":50},[44,73234,55],{"class":54},[44,73236,2993],{"class":58},[44,73238,1701],{"class":62},[44,73240,66],{"class":58},[44,73242,7163],{"class":62},[44,73244,66],{"class":58},[44,73246,7168],{"class":62},[44,73248,66],{"class":58},[44,73250,50204],{"class":62},[44,73252,3006],{"class":58},[44,73254,73255,73257,73259,73261],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,73256,83],{"class":50},[44,73258,86],{"class":58},[44,73260,72938],{"class":89},[44,73262,93],{"class":58},[44,73264,73265,73267,73269,73271],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,73266,100],{"class":99},[44,73268,103],{"class":58},[44,73270,83],{"class":89},[44,73272,108],{"class":58},[20,73274,111],{},[35,73276,73278],{"className":37,"code":73277,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73279,73280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73281,73282,73284,73286,73288,73290,73292,73294,73296,73298],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73283,3270],{"class":58},[44,73285,56052],{"class":62},[44,73287,66],{"class":58},[44,73289,7168],{"class":62},[44,73291,66],{"class":58},[44,73293,7163],{"class":62},[44,73295,66],{"class":58},[44,73297,5375],{"class":62},[44,73299,3006],{"class":58},[20,73301,311],{},[145,73303,73304,73310,73315],{},[148,73305,73306,73307],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73308,73309],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[148,73311,73312,73314],{},[15,73313,72882],{}," flips the order",[148,73316,73317],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[131,73319,73321,73323],{"id":73320},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73322,72882],{}," changes the original list",[20,73325,73326,73327,73330],{},"This method is ",[30,73328,73329],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[35,73332,73334],{"className":37,"code":73333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73335,73336,73368,73378,73382],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73337,73338,73340,73342,73344,73346,73348,73350,73352,73354,73356,73358,73360,73362,73364,73366],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73339,35592],{"class":50},[44,73341,55],{"class":54},[44,73343,2993],{"class":58},[44,73345,236],{"class":235},[44,73347,3450],{"class":239},[44,73349,236],{"class":235},[44,73351,66],{"class":58},[44,73353,247],{"class":235},[44,73355,3459],{"class":239},[44,73357,236],{"class":235},[44,73359,66],{"class":58},[44,73361,247],{"class":235},[44,73363,3468],{"class":239},[44,73365,236],{"class":235},[44,73367,3006],{"class":58},[44,73369,73370,73372,73374,73376],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,73371,35644],{"class":50},[44,73373,86],{"class":58},[44,73375,72938],{"class":89},[44,73377,93],{"class":58},[44,73379,73380],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,73381,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,73383,73384,73386,73388,73390],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,73385,100],{"class":99},[44,73387,103],{"class":58},[44,73389,35644],{"class":89},[44,73391,108],{"class":58},[20,73393,111],{},[35,73395,73397],{"className":37,"code":73396,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73398,73399],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73400,73401,73403,73405,73407,73409,73411,73413,73415,73417,73419,73421,73423,73425],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73402,3270],{"class":58},[44,73404,1018],{"class":235},[44,73406,3468],{"class":239},[44,73408,1018],{"class":235},[44,73410,66],{"class":58},[44,73412,1012],{"class":235},[44,73414,3459],{"class":239},[44,73416,1018],{"class":235},[44,73418,66],{"class":58},[44,73420,1012],{"class":235},[44,73422,3450],{"class":239},[44,73424,1018],{"class":235},[44,73426,3006],{"class":58},[20,73428,1462,73429,73431],{},[15,73430,72882],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73433,73434],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[35,73436,73438],{"className":37,"code":73437,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73439,73440,73472,73490,73494,73504],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73441,73442,73444,73446,73448,73450,73452,73454,73456,73458,73460,73462,73464,73466,73468,73470],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73443,35592],{"class":50},[44,73445,55],{"class":54},[44,73447,2993],{"class":58},[44,73449,236],{"class":235},[44,73451,3450],{"class":239},[44,73453,236],{"class":235},[44,73455,66],{"class":58},[44,73457,247],{"class":235},[44,73459,3459],{"class":239},[44,73461,236],{"class":235},[44,73463,66],{"class":58},[44,73465,247],{"class":235},[44,73467,3468],{"class":239},[44,73469,236],{"class":235},[44,73471,3006],{"class":58},[44,73473,73474,73477,73479,73481,73484,73486,73488],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,73475,73476],{"class":50},"reversed_fruits ",[44,73478,55],{"class":54},[44,73480,52213],{"class":50},[44,73482,73483],{"class":58},"[::",[44,73485,1391],{"class":54},[44,73487,63],{"class":62},[44,73489,3006],{"class":58},[44,73491,73492],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,73493,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,73495,73496,73498,73500,73502],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,73497,100],{"class":99},[44,73499,103],{"class":58},[44,73501,35644],{"class":89},[44,73503,108],{"class":58},[44,73505,73506,73508,73510,73513],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,73507,100],{"class":99},[44,73509,103],{"class":58},[44,73511,73512],{"class":89},"reversed_fruits",[44,73514,108],{"class":58},[20,73516,111],{},[35,73518,73520],{"className":37,"code":73519,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73521,73522,73550],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73523,73524,73526,73528,73530,73532,73534,73536,73538,73540,73542,73544,73546,73548],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73525,3270],{"class":58},[44,73527,1018],{"class":235},[44,73529,3450],{"class":239},[44,73531,1018],{"class":235},[44,73533,66],{"class":58},[44,73535,1012],{"class":235},[44,73537,3459],{"class":239},[44,73539,1018],{"class":235},[44,73541,66],{"class":58},[44,73543,1012],{"class":235},[44,73545,3468],{"class":239},[44,73547,1018],{"class":235},[44,73549,3006],{"class":58},[44,73551,73552,73554,73556,73558,73560,73562,73564,73566,73568,73570,73572,73574,73576],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,73553,3270],{"class":58},[44,73555,1018],{"class":235},[44,73557,3468],{"class":239},[44,73559,1018],{"class":235},[44,73561,66],{"class":58},[44,73563,1012],{"class":235},[44,73565,3459],{"class":239},[44,73567,1018],{"class":235},[44,73569,66],{"class":58},[44,73571,1012],{"class":235},[44,73573,3450],{"class":239},[44,73575,1018],{"class":235},[44,73577,3006],{"class":58},[20,73579,73580,73581,86],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[167,73582,73583],{"href":72900},"Python list slicing explained",[131,73585,73587],{"id":73586},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,73589,73590],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[35,73592,73594],{"className":37,"code":73593,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73595,73596,73616,73630,73634,73645],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73597,73598,73600,73602,73604,73606,73608,73610,73612,73614],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73599,51],{"class":50},[44,73601,55],{"class":54},[44,73603,2993],{"class":58},[44,73605,63],{"class":62},[44,73607,66],{"class":58},[44,73609,69],{"class":62},[44,73611,66],{"class":58},[44,73613,74],{"class":62},[44,73615,3006],{"class":58},[44,73617,73618,73620,73622,73624,73626,73628],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,73619,55249],{"class":50},[44,73621,55],{"class":54},[44,73623,649],{"class":50},[44,73625,86],{"class":58},[44,73627,72938],{"class":89},[44,73629,93],{"class":58},[44,73631,73632],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,73633,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,73635,73636,73638,73640,73643],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,73637,100],{"class":99},[44,73639,103],{"class":58},[44,73641,73642],{"class":89},"new_list",[44,73644,108],{"class":58},[44,73646,73647,73649,73651,73653],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,73648,100],{"class":99},[44,73650,103],{"class":58},[44,73652,83],{"class":89},[44,73654,108],{"class":58},[20,73656,111],{},[35,73658,73660],{"className":37,"code":73659,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73661,73662,73666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73663,73664],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73665,693],{"class":692},[44,73667,73668,73670,73672,73674,73676,73678,73680],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,73669,3270],{"class":58},[44,73671,1432],{"class":62},[44,73673,66],{"class":58},[44,73675,69],{"class":62},[44,73677,66],{"class":58},[44,73679,4867],{"class":62},[44,73681,3006],{"class":58},[20,73683,11258],{},[145,73685,73686,73694,73698],{},[148,73687,73688,73690,73691,73693],{},[15,73689,72882],{}," changes ",[15,73692,83],{}," directly",[148,73695,40262,73696,71200],{},[30,73697,604],{},[148,73699,53015,73700,41512,73702],{},[15,73701,73642],{},[15,73703,159],{},[20,73705,61259],{},[35,73707,73709],{"className":37,"code":73708,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73710,73711,73731,73741,73745],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73712,73713,73715,73717,73719,73721,73723,73725,73727,73729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73714,51],{"class":50},[44,73716,55],{"class":54},[44,73718,2993],{"class":58},[44,73720,63],{"class":62},[44,73722,66],{"class":58},[44,73724,69],{"class":62},[44,73726,66],{"class":58},[44,73728,74],{"class":62},[44,73730,3006],{"class":58},[44,73732,73733,73735,73737,73739],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,73734,83],{"class":50},[44,73736,86],{"class":58},[44,73738,72938],{"class":89},[44,73740,93],{"class":58},[44,73742,73743],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,73744,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,73746,73747,73749,73751,73753],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,73748,100],{"class":99},[44,73750,103],{"class":58},[44,73752,83],{"class":89},[44,73754,108],{"class":58},[20,73756,111],{},[35,73758,73760],{"className":37,"code":73759,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73761,73762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73763,73764,73766,73768,73770,73772,73774,73776],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73765,3270],{"class":58},[44,73767,1432],{"class":62},[44,73769,66],{"class":58},[44,73771,69],{"class":62},[44,73773,66],{"class":58},[44,73775,4867],{"class":62},[44,73777,3006],{"class":58},[131,73779,73781,9953,73783,73786],{"id":73780},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,73782,72882],{},[15,73784,73785],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,73788,73789],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[347,73791,73792],{"id":72938},[15,73793,72882],{},[20,73795,73796,73798],{},[15,73797,72882],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[35,73800,73802],{"className":37,"code":73801,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73803,73804,73824,73834],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73805,73806,73808,73810,73812,73814,73816,73818,73820,73822],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73807,51],{"class":50},[44,73809,55],{"class":54},[44,73811,2993],{"class":58},[44,73813,1432],{"class":62},[44,73815,66],{"class":58},[44,73817,4867],{"class":62},[44,73819,66],{"class":58},[44,73821,69],{"class":62},[44,73823,3006],{"class":58},[44,73825,73826,73828,73830,73832],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,73827,83],{"class":50},[44,73829,86],{"class":58},[44,73831,72938],{"class":89},[44,73833,93],{"class":58},[44,73835,73836,73838,73840,73842],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,73837,100],{"class":99},[44,73839,103],{"class":58},[44,73841,83],{"class":89},[44,73843,108],{"class":58},[20,73845,111],{},[35,73847,73849],{"className":37,"code":73848,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,73850,73851],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73852,73853,73855,73857,73859,73861,73863,73865],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73854,3270],{"class":58},[44,73856,1426],{"class":62},[44,73858,66],{"class":58},[44,73860,4867],{"class":62},[44,73862,66],{"class":58},[44,73864,74],{"class":62},[44,73866,3006],{"class":58},[20,73868,73869,73870,73872],{},"Notice that this is ",[30,73871,604],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[347,73874,73876],{"id":73875},"sorted",[15,73877,73785],{},[20,73879,73880,73885],{},[167,73881,73883],{"href":73882},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,73884,73785],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[35,73887,73889],{"className":37,"code":73888,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,73890,73891,73911,73926,73930,73940],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73892,73893,73895,73897,73899,73901,73903,73905,73907,73909],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73894,51],{"class":50},[44,73896,55],{"class":54},[44,73898,2993],{"class":58},[44,73900,1432],{"class":62},[44,73902,66],{"class":58},[44,73904,4867],{"class":62},[44,73906,66],{"class":58},[44,73908,69],{"class":62},[44,73910,3006],{"class":58},[44,73912,73913,73915,73917,73920,73922,73924],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,73914,644],{"class":50},[44,73916,55],{"class":54},[44,73918,73919],{"class":99}," sorted",[44,73921,103],{"class":58},[44,73923,83],{"class":89},[44,73925,108],{"class":58},[44,73927,73928],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,73929,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,73931,73932,73934,73936,73938],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,73933,100],{"class":99},[44,73935,103],{"class":58},[44,73937,83],{"class":89},[44,73939,108],{"class":58},[44,73941,73942,73944,73946,73948],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,73943,100],{"class":99},[44,73945,103],{"class":58},[44,73947,668],{"class":89},[44,73949,108],{"class":58},[20,73951,111],{},[35,73953,73955],{"className":37,"code":73954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,73956,73957,73973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73958,73959,73961,73963,73965,73967,73969,73971],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73960,3270],{"class":58},[44,73962,1432],{"class":62},[44,73964,66],{"class":58},[44,73966,4867],{"class":62},[44,73968,66],{"class":58},[44,73970,69],{"class":62},[44,73972,3006],{"class":58},[44,73974,73975,73977,73979,73981,73983,73985,73987],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,73976,3270],{"class":58},[44,73978,63],{"class":62},[44,73980,66],{"class":58},[44,73982,69],{"class":62},[44,73984,66],{"class":58},[44,73986,74],{"class":62},[44,73988,3006],{"class":58},[20,73990,73991,73992,86],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,73993,73994],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[347,73996,73998],{"id":73997},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74000,74001,74002,74005],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74003,74004],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[35,74007,74009],{"className":37,"code":74008,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74010,74011,74031,74047,74051,74061],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74012,74013,74015,74017,74019,74021,74023,74025,74027,74029],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74014,51],{"class":50},[44,74016,55],{"class":54},[44,74018,2993],{"class":58},[44,74020,1432],{"class":62},[44,74022,66],{"class":58},[44,74024,4867],{"class":62},[44,74026,66],{"class":58},[44,74028,69],{"class":62},[44,74030,3006],{"class":58},[44,74032,74033,74035,74037,74039,74041,74043,74045],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,74034,644],{"class":50},[44,74036,55],{"class":54},[44,74038,649],{"class":50},[44,74040,73483],{"class":58},[44,74042,1391],{"class":54},[44,74044,63],{"class":62},[44,74046,3006],{"class":58},[44,74048,74049],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,74050,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,74052,74053,74055,74057,74059],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,74054,100],{"class":99},[44,74056,103],{"class":58},[44,74058,83],{"class":89},[44,74060,108],{"class":58},[44,74062,74063,74065,74067,74069],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,74064,100],{"class":99},[44,74066,103],{"class":58},[44,74068,668],{"class":89},[44,74070,108],{"class":58},[20,74072,111],{},[35,74074,74076],{"className":37,"code":74075,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74077,74078,74094],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74079,74080,74082,74084,74086,74088,74090,74092],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74081,3270],{"class":58},[44,74083,1432],{"class":62},[44,74085,66],{"class":58},[44,74087,4867],{"class":62},[44,74089,66],{"class":58},[44,74091,69],{"class":62},[44,74093,3006],{"class":58},[44,74095,74096,74098,74100,74102,74104,74106,74108],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,74097,3270],{"class":58},[44,74099,1426],{"class":62},[44,74101,66],{"class":58},[44,74103,4867],{"class":62},[44,74105,66],{"class":58},[44,74107,74],{"class":62},[44,74109,3006],{"class":58},[347,74111,74113],{"id":74112},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[145,74115,74116,74121,74126],{},[148,74117,1462,74118,74120],{},[15,74119,72882],{}," when you want to change the original list",[148,74122,1462,74123,74125],{},[15,74124,74004],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[148,74127,1462,74128,74130],{},[15,74129,73785],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74132,74133,74134,74140],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[167,74135,74137,74138,1272],{"href":74136},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74139,63673],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[131,74142,4331,74144],{"id":74143},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74145,72882],{},[20,74147,74148,74150],{},[15,74149,72882],{}," is a good choice:",[145,74152,74153,74156,74159],{},[148,74154,74155],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[148,74157,74158],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[148,74160,74161],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74163,74164,74165,86],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[167,74166,74168],{"href":74167},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[131,74170,2200],{"id":2199},[20,74172,74173,74174,74176],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74175,72882],{}," for these reasons:",[145,74178,74179,74183,74188,74193],{},[148,74180,793,74181,11955],{},[15,74182,72882],{},[148,74184,923,74185,74187],{},[15,74186,72882],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[148,74189,350,74190,74192],{},[15,74191,72882],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[148,74194,36558,74195,8078,74197],{},[15,74196,72882],{},[15,74198,74199],{},"reversed()",[20,74201,74202],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[35,74204,74206],{"className":37,"code":74205,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74207,74208,74220],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74209,74210,74212,74214,74216,74218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74211,34039],{"class":50},[44,74213,55],{"class":54},[44,74215,247],{"class":235},[44,74217,3214],{"class":239},[44,74219,2727],{"class":235},[44,74221,74222,74224,74226,74228],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,74223,34060],{"class":50},[44,74225,86],{"class":58},[44,74227,72938],{"class":89},[44,74229,93],{"class":58},[20,74231,74232,74233,32951],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74234,72882],{},[20,74236,74237],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[35,74239,74241],{"className":37,"code":74240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74242,74243,74263,74267,74277,74291,74295,74309,74319,74323],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74244,74245,74247,74249,74251,74253,74255,74257,74259,74261],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74246,7682],{"class":50},[44,74248,55],{"class":54},[44,74250,2993],{"class":58},[44,74252,63],{"class":62},[44,74254,66],{"class":58},[44,74256,69],{"class":62},[44,74258,66],{"class":58},[44,74260,74],{"class":62},[44,74262,3006],{"class":58},[44,74264,74265],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,74266,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,74268,74269,74271,74273,74275],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,74270,100],{"class":99},[44,74272,103],{"class":58},[44,74274,7713],{"class":89},[44,74276,108],{"class":58},[44,74278,74279,74281,74283,74285,74287,74289],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,74280,100],{"class":99},[44,74282,103],{"class":58},[44,74284,985],{"class":121},[44,74286,103],{"class":58},[44,74288,7713],{"class":89},[44,74290,993],{"class":58},[44,74292,74293],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,74294,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,74296,74297,74299,74301,74303,74305,74307],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,74298,644],{"class":50},[44,74300,55],{"class":54},[44,74302,7770],{"class":50},[44,74304,86],{"class":58},[44,74306,72938],{"class":89},[44,74308,93],{"class":58},[44,74310,74311,74313,74315,74317],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,74312,100],{"class":99},[44,74314,103],{"class":58},[44,74316,668],{"class":89},[44,74318,108],{"class":58},[44,74320,74321],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,74322,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,74324,74325,74327,74329,74331,74333,74335,74337],{"class":46,"line":5802},[44,74326,100],{"class":99},[44,74328,103],{"class":58},[44,74330,7713],{"class":89},[44,74332,73483],{"class":58},[44,74334,1391],{"class":54},[44,74336,63],{"class":62},[44,74338,3258],{"class":58},[20,74340,111],{},[35,74342,74344],{"className":37,"code":74343,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74345,74346,74362,74376,74380],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74347,74348,74350,74352,74354,74356,74358,74360],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74349,3270],{"class":58},[44,74351,63],{"class":62},[44,74353,66],{"class":58},[44,74355,69],{"class":62},[44,74357,66],{"class":58},[44,74359,74],{"class":62},[44,74361,3006],{"class":58},[44,74363,74364,74366,74368,74370,74372,74374],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,74365,1005],{"class":54},[44,74367,1009],{"class":1008},[44,74369,1012],{"class":235},[44,74371,7467],{"class":239},[44,74373,1018],{"class":235},[44,74375,1021],{"class":54},[44,74377,74378],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,74379,693],{"class":692},[44,74381,74382,74384,74386,74388,74390,74392,74394],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,74383,3270],{"class":58},[44,74385,63],{"class":62},[44,74387,66],{"class":58},[44,74389,69],{"class":62},[44,74391,66],{"class":58},[44,74393,4867],{"class":62},[44,74395,3006],{"class":58},[20,74397,74398],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[35,74400,74402],{"className":37,"code":74401,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74403,74404,74424,74428,74438,74452,74456,74470,74480,74490],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74405,74406,74408,74410,74412,74414,74416,74418,74420,74422],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74407,7682],{"class":50},[44,74409,55],{"class":54},[44,74411,2993],{"class":58},[44,74413,63],{"class":62},[44,74415,66],{"class":58},[44,74417,69],{"class":62},[44,74419,66],{"class":58},[44,74421,74],{"class":62},[44,74423,3006],{"class":58},[44,74425,74426],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,74427,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,74429,74430,74432,74434,74436],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,74431,100],{"class":99},[44,74433,103],{"class":58},[44,74435,7713],{"class":89},[44,74437,108],{"class":58},[44,74439,74440,74442,74444,74446,74448,74450],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,74441,100],{"class":99},[44,74443,103],{"class":58},[44,74445,985],{"class":121},[44,74447,103],{"class":58},[44,74449,7713],{"class":89},[44,74451,993],{"class":58},[44,74453,74454],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,74455,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,74457,74458,74460,74462,74464,74466,74468],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,74459,644],{"class":50},[44,74461,55],{"class":54},[44,74463,7770],{"class":50},[44,74465,86],{"class":58},[44,74467,72938],{"class":89},[44,74469,93],{"class":58},[44,74471,74472,74474,74476,74478],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,74473,100],{"class":99},[44,74475,103],{"class":58},[44,74477,668],{"class":89},[44,74479,108],{"class":58},[44,74481,74482,74484,74486,74488],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,74483,100],{"class":99},[44,74485,103],{"class":58},[44,74487,7713],{"class":89},[44,74489,108],{"class":58},[44,74491,74492,74494,74496,74498,74500,74502,74504],{"class":46,"line":5802},[44,74493,100],{"class":99},[44,74495,103],{"class":58},[44,74497,7713],{"class":89},[44,74499,73483],{"class":58},[44,74501,1391],{"class":54},[44,74503,63],{"class":62},[44,74505,3258],{"class":58},[20,74507,111],{},[35,74509,74511],{"className":37,"code":74510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74512,74513,74529,74543,74547,74563],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74514,74515,74517,74519,74521,74523,74525,74527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74516,3270],{"class":58},[44,74518,63],{"class":62},[44,74520,66],{"class":58},[44,74522,69],{"class":62},[44,74524,66],{"class":58},[44,74526,74],{"class":62},[44,74528,3006],{"class":58},[44,74530,74531,74533,74535,74537,74539,74541],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,74532,1005],{"class":54},[44,74534,1009],{"class":1008},[44,74536,1012],{"class":235},[44,74538,7467],{"class":239},[44,74540,1018],{"class":235},[44,74542,1021],{"class":54},[44,74544,74545],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,74546,693],{"class":692},[44,74548,74549,74551,74553,74555,74557,74559,74561],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,74550,3270],{"class":58},[44,74552,1432],{"class":62},[44,74554,66],{"class":58},[44,74556,69],{"class":62},[44,74558,66],{"class":58},[44,74560,4867],{"class":62},[44,74562,3006],{"class":58},[44,74564,74565,74567,74569,74571,74573,74575,74577],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,74566,3270],{"class":58},[44,74568,63],{"class":62},[44,74570,66],{"class":58},[44,74572,69],{"class":62},[44,74574,66],{"class":58},[44,74576,74],{"class":62},[44,74578,3006],{"class":58},[20,74580,74581],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[145,74583,74584,74593,74602],{},[148,74585,27144,74586,74589,74590],{},[15,74587,74588],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,74591,74592],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[148,74594,11274,74595,74598,74599,21907],{},[15,74596,74597],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[30,74600,74601],{},"current",[148,74603,74604,74605],{},"So it prints ",[15,74606,74607],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[131,74609,1196],{"id":1195},[347,74611,1212,74613,54829],{"id":74612},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,74614,72887],{},[20,74616,61964,74617,86],{},[15,74618,159],{},[347,74620,33556,74622,33559,74624,1239],{"id":74621},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,74623,72882],{},[15,74625,74626],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,74628,74629,74631],{},[15,74630,72882],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,74633,74634,74636],{},[15,74635,74626],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[347,74638,27677,74640,74642],{"id":74639},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,74641,72882],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,74644,45724,74645,74647],{},[15,74646,72882],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[347,74649,74651],{"id":74650},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,74653,74654],{},"Use slicing:",[35,74656,74658],{"className":37,"code":74657,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,74659,74660],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74661,74662,74664,74666,74668,74670],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74663,7713],{"class":50},[44,74665,73483],{"class":58},[44,74667,1391],{"class":54},[44,74669,63],{"class":62},[44,74671,3006],{"class":58},[20,74673,74674],{},"Or use:",[35,74676,74678],{"className":37,"code":74677,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,74679,74680],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74681,74682,74684,74686,74689,74691,74693],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74683,7467],{"class":121},[44,74685,103],{"class":58},[44,74687,74688],{"class":99},"reversed",[44,74690,103],{"class":58},[44,74692,7713],{"class":89},[44,74694,993],{"class":58},[20,74696,74697,74698,74702],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[167,74699,54880,74700],{"href":54320},[15,74701,12133],{}," can also help.",[131,74704,1251],{"id":1250},[145,74706,74707,74713,74719,74723,74727],{},[148,74708,74709],{},[167,74710,54880,74711,1272],{"href":74136},[15,74712,63673],{},[148,74714,74715],{},[167,74716,2945,74717,2878],{"href":73882},[15,74718,73785],{},[148,74720,74721],{},[167,74722,74168],{"href":74167},[148,74724,74725],{},[167,74726,73583],{"href":72900},[148,74728,74729],{},[167,74730,54880,74731,1272],{"href":54320},[15,74732,12133],{},[1294,74734,74735],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":74737},[74738,74739,74741,74742,74743,74745,74746,74753,74755,74756,74765],{"id":2978,"depth":80,"text":2979},{"id":72961,"depth":80,"text":74740},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":214,"depth":80,"text":215},{"id":73320,"depth":80,"text":74744},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73586,"depth":80,"text":73587},{"id":73780,"depth":80,"text":74747,"children":74748},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[74749,74750,74751,74752],{"id":72938,"depth":96,"text":72882},{"id":73875,"depth":96,"text":73785},{"id":73997,"depth":96,"text":73998},{"id":74112,"depth":96,"text":74113},{"id":74143,"depth":80,"text":74754},"When to use reverse()",{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":74757},[74758,74760,74762,74764],{"id":74612,"depth":96,"text":74759},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":74621,"depth":96,"text":74761},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":74639,"depth":96,"text":74763},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":74650,"depth":96,"text":74651},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":72874,"description":74766},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":74773,"title":74774,"body":74775,"description":77208,"extension":1331,"meta":77209,"navigation":268,"path":77210,"seo":77211,"stem":77212,"__hash__":77213},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":74776,"toc":77176},[74777,74780,74792,74795,74818,74826,74828,74940,74949,74953,74956,74959,75046,75048,75081,75083,75106,75112,75116,75119,75141,75143,75160,75163,75183,75185,75295,75297,75374,75378,75381,75424,75426,75559,75561,75663,75668,75672,75675,75677,75691,75694,75808,75810,75884,75886,75914,75918,75923,75953,75956,76082,76084,76166,76172,76176,76178,76217,76226,76230,76233,76237,76284,76286,76294,76298,76349,76351,76364,76366,76380,76383,76391,76393,76440,76442,76450,76453,76496,76501,76504,76507,76530,76534,76585,76588,76609,76619,76623,76625,76655,76658,76681,76685,76688,76755,76757,76794,76797,76805,76872,76874,76911,76917,76924,76928,76931,76961,76966,76970,76973,76997,77000,77094,77104,77106,77110,77113,77117,77120,77125,77128,77134,77137,77139,77167,77173],[10,74778,74774],{"id":74779},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,74781,74782,74783,1559,74785,16422,74788,74791],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,74784,35426],{},[15,74786,74787],{},"stop",[15,74789,74790],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,74793,74794],{},"The basic slice form is:",[35,74796,74798],{"className":37,"code":74797,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,74799,74800],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74801,74802,74804,74806,74808,74810,74812,74814,74816],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74803,7713],{"class":50},[44,74805,3270],{"class":58},[44,74807,35426],{"class":50},[44,74809,2255],{"class":58},[44,74811,74787],{"class":50},[44,74813,2255],{"class":58},[44,74815,74790],{"class":50},[44,74817,3006],{"class":58},[20,74819,74820,74821,74823,74824,86],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,74822,74787],{}," position is ",[30,74825,64431],{},[131,74827,1372],{"id":1371},[35,74829,74831],{"className":37,"code":74830,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74832,74833,74861,74865,74886,74904,74921],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74834,74835,74837,74839,74841,74843,74845,74847,74849,74851,74853,74855,74857,74859],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74836,51],{"class":50},[44,74838,55],{"class":54},[44,74840,2993],{"class":58},[44,74842,1701],{"class":62},[44,74844,66],{"class":58},[44,74846,7163],{"class":62},[44,74848,66],{"class":58},[44,74850,7168],{"class":62},[44,74852,66],{"class":58},[44,74854,50204],{"class":62},[44,74856,66],{"class":58},[44,74858,4451],{"class":62},[44,74860,3006],{"class":58},[44,74862,74863],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,74864,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,74866,74867,74869,74871,74873,74875,74877,74879,74881,74883],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,74868,100],{"class":99},[44,74870,103],{"class":58},[44,74872,83],{"class":89},[44,74874,3270],{"class":58},[44,74876,63],{"class":62},[44,74878,2255],{"class":58},[44,74880,1875],{"class":62},[44,74882,19794],{"class":58},[44,74884,74885],{"class":3035},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[44,74887,74888,74890,74892,74894,74897,74899,74901],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,74889,100],{"class":99},[44,74891,103],{"class":58},[44,74893,83],{"class":89},[44,74895,74896],{"class":58},"[:",[44,74898,1432],{"class":62},[44,74900,19794],{"class":58},[44,74902,74903],{"class":3035},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[44,74905,74906,74908,74910,74912,74914,74916,74918],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,74907,100],{"class":99},[44,74909,103],{"class":58},[44,74911,83],{"class":89},[44,74913,73483],{"class":58},[44,74915,1426],{"class":62},[44,74917,19794],{"class":58},[44,74919,74920],{"class":3035},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[44,74922,74923,74925,74927,74929,74931,74933,74935,74937],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,74924,100],{"class":99},[44,74926,103],{"class":58},[44,74928,83],{"class":89},[44,74930,73483],{"class":58},[44,74932,1391],{"class":54},[44,74934,63],{"class":62},[44,74936,19794],{"class":58},[44,74938,74939],{"class":3035},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,74941,1462,74942,74945,74946,74948],{},[15,74943,74944],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,74947,74787],{}," value is not included.",[131,74950,74952],{"id":74951},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,74954,74955],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,74957,74958],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[35,74960,74962],{"className":37,"code":74961,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,74963,74964,75012,75016,75035],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74965,74966,74968,74970,74972,74974,74976,74978,74980,74982,74984,74986,74988,74990,74992,74994,74996,74998,75000,75002,75004,75006,75008,75010],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74967,35444],{"class":50},[44,74969,55],{"class":54},[44,74971,2993],{"class":58},[44,74973,236],{"class":235},[44,74975,167],{"class":239},[44,74977,236],{"class":235},[44,74979,66],{"class":58},[44,74981,247],{"class":235},[44,74983,1164],{"class":239},[44,74985,236],{"class":235},[44,74987,66],{"class":58},[44,74989,247],{"class":235},[44,74991,9109],{"class":239},[44,74993,236],{"class":235},[44,74995,66],{"class":58},[44,74997,247],{"class":235},[44,74999,18115],{"class":239},[44,75001,236],{"class":235},[44,75003,66],{"class":58},[44,75005,247],{"class":235},[44,75007,59808],{"class":239},[44,75009,236],{"class":235},[44,75011,3006],{"class":58},[44,75013,75014],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,75015,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,75017,75018,75021,75023,75025,75027,75029,75031,75033],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,75019,75020],{"class":50},"part ",[44,75022,55],{"class":54},[44,75024,69458],{"class":50},[44,75026,3270],{"class":58},[44,75028,63],{"class":62},[44,75030,2255],{"class":58},[44,75032,1875],{"class":62},[44,75034,3006],{"class":58},[44,75036,75037,75039,75041,75044],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,75038,100],{"class":99},[44,75040,103],{"class":58},[44,75042,75043],{"class":89},"part",[44,75045,108],{"class":58},[20,75047,111],{},[35,75049,75051],{"className":37,"code":75050,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75052,75053],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75054,75055,75057,75059,75061,75063,75065,75067,75069,75071,75073,75075,75077,75079],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75056,3270],{"class":58},[44,75058,1018],{"class":235},[44,75060,1164],{"class":239},[44,75062,1018],{"class":235},[44,75064,66],{"class":58},[44,75066,1012],{"class":235},[44,75068,9109],{"class":239},[44,75070,1018],{"class":235},[44,75072,66],{"class":58},[44,75074,1012],{"class":235},[44,75076,18115],{"class":239},[44,75078,1018],{"class":235},[44,75080,3006],{"class":58},[20,75082,197],{},[145,75084,75085,75088,75091,75097,75103],{},[148,75086,75087],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[148,75089,75090],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[148,75092,75093,75094],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75095,75096],{},"list[start:stop]",[148,75098,75099,75100,75102],{},"The item at ",[15,75101,74787],{}," is not included",[148,75104,75105],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75107,75108,75109,86],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[167,75110,75111],{"href":50340},"beginner guide to Python lists",[131,75113,75115],{"id":75114},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75117,75118],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[35,75120,75121],{"className":37,"code":74797,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,75122,75123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75124,75125,75127,75129,75131,75133,75135,75137,75139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75126,7713],{"class":50},[44,75128,3270],{"class":58},[44,75130,35426],{"class":50},[44,75132,2255],{"class":58},[44,75134,74787],{"class":50},[44,75136,2255],{"class":58},[44,75138,74790],{"class":50},[44,75140,3006],{"class":58},[20,75142,64407],{},[145,75144,75145,75150,75155],{},[148,75146,75147,75149],{},[15,75148,35426],{}," is where slicing begins",[148,75151,75152,75154],{},[15,75153,74787],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[148,75156,75157,75159],{},[15,75158,74790],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75161,75162],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[145,75164,75165,75171,75176],{},[148,75166,75167,75168,75170],{},"Missing ",[15,75169,35426],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[148,75172,75167,75173,75175],{},[15,75174,74787],{}," means go to the end of the list",[148,75177,75167,75178,75180,75181],{},[15,75179,74790],{}," means use ",[15,75182,63],{},[20,75184,1578],{},[35,75186,75188],{"className":37,"code":75187,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75189,75190,75218,75222,75243,75260,75278],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75191,75192,75194,75196,75198,75200,75202,75204,75206,75208,75210,75212,75214,75216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75193,51],{"class":50},[44,75195,55],{"class":54},[44,75197,2993],{"class":58},[44,75199,1701],{"class":62},[44,75201,66],{"class":58},[44,75203,7163],{"class":62},[44,75205,66],{"class":58},[44,75207,7168],{"class":62},[44,75209,66],{"class":58},[44,75211,50204],{"class":62},[44,75213,66],{"class":58},[44,75215,4451],{"class":62},[44,75217,3006],{"class":58},[44,75219,75220],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,75221,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,75223,75224,75226,75228,75230,75232,75234,75236,75238,75240],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,75225,100],{"class":99},[44,75227,103],{"class":58},[44,75229,83],{"class":89},[44,75231,3270],{"class":58},[44,75233,63],{"class":62},[44,75235,2255],{"class":58},[44,75237,1875],{"class":62},[44,75239,19794],{"class":58},[44,75241,75242],{"class":3035},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[44,75244,75245,75247,75249,75251,75253,75255,75257],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,75246,100],{"class":99},[44,75248,103],{"class":58},[44,75250,83],{"class":89},[44,75252,74896],{"class":58},[44,75254,1432],{"class":62},[44,75256,19794],{"class":58},[44,75258,75259],{"class":3035},"    # start from the beginning\n",[44,75261,75262,75264,75266,75268,75270,75272,75275],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,75263,100],{"class":99},[44,75265,103],{"class":58},[44,75267,83],{"class":89},[44,75269,3270],{"class":58},[44,75271,1426],{"class":62},[44,75273,75274],{"class":58},":])",[44,75276,75277],{"class":3035},"    # go to the end\n",[44,75279,75280,75282,75284,75286,75288,75290,75292],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,75281,100],{"class":99},[44,75283,103],{"class":58},[44,75285,83],{"class":89},[44,75287,73483],{"class":58},[44,75289,63],{"class":62},[44,75291,19794],{"class":58},[44,75293,75294],{"class":3035},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75296,111],{},[35,75298,75300],{"className":37,"code":75299,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75301,75302,75318,75334,75350],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75303,75304,75306,75308,75310,75312,75314,75316],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75305,3270],{"class":58},[44,75307,15105],{"class":62},[44,75309,66],{"class":58},[44,75311,7168],{"class":62},[44,75313,66],{"class":58},[44,75315,50204],{"class":62},[44,75317,3006],{"class":58},[44,75319,75320,75322,75324,75326,75328,75330,75332],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,75321,3270],{"class":58},[44,75323,1701],{"class":62},[44,75325,66],{"class":58},[44,75327,7163],{"class":62},[44,75329,66],{"class":58},[44,75331,7168],{"class":62},[44,75333,3006],{"class":58},[44,75335,75336,75338,75340,75342,75344,75346,75348],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,75337,3270],{"class":58},[44,75339,36195],{"class":62},[44,75341,66],{"class":58},[44,75343,50204],{"class":62},[44,75345,66],{"class":58},[44,75347,4451],{"class":62},[44,75349,3006],{"class":58},[44,75351,75352,75354,75356,75358,75360,75362,75364,75366,75368,75370,75372],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,75353,3270],{"class":58},[44,75355,1701],{"class":62},[44,75357,66],{"class":58},[44,75359,7163],{"class":62},[44,75361,66],{"class":58},[44,75363,7168],{"class":62},[44,75365,66],{"class":58},[44,75367,50204],{"class":62},[44,75369,66],{"class":58},[44,75371,4451],{"class":62},[44,75373,3006],{"class":58},[131,75375,75377],{"id":75376},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75379,75380],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[145,75382,75383,75392,75401,75412,75418],{},[148,75384,75385,75388,75389,5336],{},[15,75386,75387],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75390,75391],{},"n",[148,75393,75394,75397,75398,75400],{},[15,75395,75396],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75399,75391],{}," to the end",[148,75402,75403,75406,75407,75409,75410],{},[15,75404,75405],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75408,167],{}," up to ",[15,75411,1164],{},[148,75413,75414,75417],{},[15,75415,75416],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[148,75419,75420,75423],{},[15,75421,75422],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75425,1578],{},[35,75427,75429],{"className":37,"code":75428,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75430,75431,75464,75468,75485,75502,75523,75540],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75432,75433,75435,75437,75439,75441,75443,75445,75447,75449,75451,75453,75455,75457,75459,75462],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75434,51],{"class":50},[44,75436,55],{"class":54},[44,75438,2993],{"class":58},[44,75440,1701],{"class":62},[44,75442,66],{"class":58},[44,75444,7163],{"class":62},[44,75446,66],{"class":58},[44,75448,7168],{"class":62},[44,75450,66],{"class":58},[44,75452,50204],{"class":62},[44,75454,66],{"class":58},[44,75456,4451],{"class":62},[44,75458,66],{"class":58},[44,75460,75461],{"class":62}," 60",[44,75463,3006],{"class":58},[44,75465,75466],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,75467,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,75469,75470,75472,75474,75476,75478,75480,75482],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,75471,100],{"class":99},[44,75473,103],{"class":58},[44,75475,83],{"class":89},[44,75477,74896],{"class":58},[44,75479,1432],{"class":62},[44,75481,19794],{"class":58},[44,75483,75484],{"class":3035},"    # first 3 items\n",[44,75486,75487,75489,75491,75493,75495,75497,75499],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,75488,100],{"class":99},[44,75490,103],{"class":58},[44,75492,83],{"class":89},[44,75494,3270],{"class":58},[44,75496,1432],{"class":62},[44,75498,75274],{"class":58},[44,75500,75501],{"class":3035},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[44,75503,75504,75506,75508,75510,75512,75514,75516,75518,75520],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,75505,100],{"class":99},[44,75507,103],{"class":58},[44,75509,83],{"class":89},[44,75511,3270],{"class":58},[44,75513,63],{"class":62},[44,75515,2255],{"class":58},[44,75517,1507],{"class":62},[44,75519,19794],{"class":58},[44,75521,75522],{"class":3035},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[44,75524,75525,75527,75529,75531,75533,75535,75537],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,75526,100],{"class":99},[44,75528,103],{"class":58},[44,75530,83],{"class":89},[44,75532,73483],{"class":58},[44,75534,1426],{"class":62},[44,75536,19794],{"class":58},[44,75538,75539],{"class":3035},"   # every second item\n",[44,75541,75542,75544,75546,75548,75550,75552,75554,75556],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,75543,100],{"class":99},[44,75545,103],{"class":58},[44,75547,83],{"class":89},[44,75549,73483],{"class":58},[44,75551,1391],{"class":54},[44,75553,63],{"class":62},[44,75555,19794],{"class":58},[44,75557,75558],{"class":3035},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,75560,111],{},[35,75562,75564],{"className":37,"code":75563,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75565,75566,75582,75598,75618,75634],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75567,75568,75570,75572,75574,75576,75578,75580],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75569,3270],{"class":58},[44,75571,1701],{"class":62},[44,75573,66],{"class":58},[44,75575,7163],{"class":62},[44,75577,66],{"class":58},[44,75579,7168],{"class":62},[44,75581,3006],{"class":58},[44,75583,75584,75586,75588,75590,75592,75594,75596],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,75585,3270],{"class":58},[44,75587,56052],{"class":62},[44,75589,66],{"class":58},[44,75591,4451],{"class":62},[44,75593,66],{"class":58},[44,75595,75461],{"class":62},[44,75597,3006],{"class":58},[44,75599,75600,75602,75604,75606,75608,75610,75612,75614,75616],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,75601,3270],{"class":58},[44,75603,15105],{"class":62},[44,75605,66],{"class":58},[44,75607,7168],{"class":62},[44,75609,66],{"class":58},[44,75611,50204],{"class":62},[44,75613,66],{"class":58},[44,75615,4451],{"class":62},[44,75617,3006],{"class":58},[44,75619,75620,75622,75624,75626,75628,75630,75632],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,75621,3270],{"class":58},[44,75623,1701],{"class":62},[44,75625,66],{"class":58},[44,75627,7168],{"class":62},[44,75629,66],{"class":58},[44,75631,4451],{"class":62},[44,75633,3006],{"class":58},[44,75635,75636,75638,75641,75643,75645,75647,75649,75651,75653,75655,75657,75659,75661],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,75637,3270],{"class":58},[44,75639,75640],{"class":62},"60",[44,75642,66],{"class":58},[44,75644,4451],{"class":62},[44,75646,66],{"class":58},[44,75648,50204],{"class":62},[44,75650,66],{"class":58},[44,75652,7168],{"class":62},[44,75654,66],{"class":58},[44,75656,7163],{"class":62},[44,75658,66],{"class":58},[44,75660,5375],{"class":62},[44,75662,3006],{"class":58},[20,75664,75665,75666,86],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[167,75667,14242],{"href":56579},[131,75669,75671],{"id":75670},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,75673,75674],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,75676,4841],{},[145,75678,75679,75685],{},[148,75680,75681,75684],{},[15,75682,75683],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[148,75686,75687,75690],{},[15,75688,75689],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,75692,75693],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[35,75695,75697],{"className":37,"code":75696,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,75698,75699,75747,75751,75770,75789],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75700,75701,75703,75705,75707,75709,75711,75713,75715,75717,75719,75721,75723,75725,75727,75729,75731,75733,75735,75737,75739,75741,75743,75745],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75702,35444],{"class":50},[44,75704,55],{"class":54},[44,75706,2993],{"class":58},[44,75708,236],{"class":235},[44,75710,167],{"class":239},[44,75712,236],{"class":235},[44,75714,66],{"class":58},[44,75716,247],{"class":235},[44,75718,1164],{"class":239},[44,75720,236],{"class":235},[44,75722,66],{"class":58},[44,75724,247],{"class":235},[44,75726,9109],{"class":239},[44,75728,236],{"class":235},[44,75730,66],{"class":58},[44,75732,247],{"class":235},[44,75734,18115],{"class":239},[44,75736,236],{"class":235},[44,75738,66],{"class":58},[44,75740,247],{"class":235},[44,75742,59808],{"class":239},[44,75744,236],{"class":235},[44,75746,3006],{"class":58},[44,75748,75749],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,75750,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,75752,75753,75755,75757,75759,75761,75763,75765,75767],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,75754,100],{"class":99},[44,75756,103],{"class":58},[44,75758,35497],{"class":89},[44,75760,3270],{"class":58},[44,75762,1391],{"class":54},[44,75764,63],{"class":62},[44,75766,19794],{"class":58},[44,75768,75769],{"class":3035},"    # last item\n",[44,75771,75772,75774,75776,75778,75780,75782,75784,75786],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,75773,100],{"class":99},[44,75775,103],{"class":58},[44,75777,35497],{"class":89},[44,75779,3270],{"class":58},[44,75781,1391],{"class":54},[44,75783,1432],{"class":62},[44,75785,75274],{"class":58},[44,75787,75788],{"class":3035},"   # last 3 items\n",[44,75790,75791,75793,75795,75797,75799,75801,75803,75805],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,75792,100],{"class":99},[44,75794,103],{"class":58},[44,75796,35497],{"class":89},[44,75798,74896],{"class":58},[44,75800,1391],{"class":54},[44,75802,63],{"class":62},[44,75804,19794],{"class":58},[44,75806,75807],{"class":3035},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,75809,111],{},[35,75811,75813],{"className":37,"code":75812,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75814,75815,75820,75848],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75816,75817],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75818,75819],{"class":50},"e\n",[44,75821,75822,75824,75826,75828,75830,75832,75834,75836,75838,75840,75842,75844,75846],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,75823,3270],{"class":58},[44,75825,1018],{"class":235},[44,75827,9109],{"class":239},[44,75829,1018],{"class":235},[44,75831,66],{"class":58},[44,75833,1012],{"class":235},[44,75835,18115],{"class":239},[44,75837,1018],{"class":235},[44,75839,66],{"class":58},[44,75841,1012],{"class":235},[44,75843,59808],{"class":239},[44,75845,1018],{"class":235},[44,75847,3006],{"class":58},[44,75849,75850,75852,75854,75856,75858,75860,75862,75864,75866,75868,75870,75872,75874,75876,75878,75880,75882],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,75851,3270],{"class":58},[44,75853,1018],{"class":235},[44,75855,167],{"class":239},[44,75857,1018],{"class":235},[44,75859,66],{"class":58},[44,75861,1012],{"class":235},[44,75863,1164],{"class":239},[44,75865,1018],{"class":235},[44,75867,66],{"class":58},[44,75869,1012],{"class":235},[44,75871,9109],{"class":239},[44,75873,1018],{"class":235},[44,75875,66],{"class":58},[44,75877,1012],{"class":235},[44,75879,18115],{"class":239},[44,75881,1018],{"class":235},[44,75883,3006],{"class":58},[20,75885,197],{},[145,75887,75888,75891,75895,75901,75907],{},[148,75889,75890],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[148,75892,75893,75684],{},[15,75894,75683],{},[148,75896,75897,75900],{},[15,75898,75899],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[148,75902,75903,75906],{},[15,75904,75905],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[148,75908,75909,75910,342,75912],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,75911,35426],{},[15,75913,74787],{},[131,75915,75917],{"id":75916},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,75919,140,75920,75922],{},[15,75921,74790],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[145,75924,75925,75928,75931,75936,75946],{},[148,75926,75927],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[148,75929,75930],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[148,75932,75933,75935],{},[15,75934,75422],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[148,75937,8245,75938,75940,75941,75943,75944],{},[15,75939,74790],{}," is negative, ",[15,75942,35426],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,75945,74787],{},[148,75947,75948,75950,75951],{},[15,75949,74790],{}," cannot be ",[15,75952,1490],{},[20,75954,75955],{},"Example with different step values:",[35,75957,75959],{"className":37,"code":75958,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,75960,75961,75993,75997,76014,76036,76055],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75962,75963,75965,75967,75969,75971,75973,75975,75977,75979,75981,75983,75985,75987,75989,75991],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75964,51],{"class":50},[44,75966,55],{"class":54},[44,75968,2993],{"class":58},[44,75970,1701],{"class":62},[44,75972,66],{"class":58},[44,75974,7163],{"class":62},[44,75976,66],{"class":58},[44,75978,7168],{"class":62},[44,75980,66],{"class":58},[44,75982,50204],{"class":62},[44,75984,66],{"class":58},[44,75986,4451],{"class":62},[44,75988,66],{"class":58},[44,75990,75461],{"class":62},[44,75992,3006],{"class":58},[44,75994,75995],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,75996,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,75998,75999,76001,76003,76005,76007,76009,76011],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,76000,100],{"class":99},[44,76002,103],{"class":58},[44,76004,83],{"class":89},[44,76006,73483],{"class":58},[44,76008,1426],{"class":62},[44,76010,19794],{"class":58},[44,76012,76013],{"class":3035},"     # every second item\n",[44,76015,76016,76018,76020,76022,76024,76026,76029,76031,76033],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,76017,100],{"class":99},[44,76019,103],{"class":58},[44,76021,83],{"class":89},[44,76023,3270],{"class":58},[44,76025,63],{"class":62},[44,76027,76028],{"class":58},"::",[44,76030,1426],{"class":62},[44,76032,19794],{"class":58},[44,76034,76035],{"class":3035},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[44,76037,76038,76040,76042,76044,76046,76048,76050,76052],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,76039,100],{"class":99},[44,76041,103],{"class":58},[44,76043,83],{"class":89},[44,76045,73483],{"class":58},[44,76047,1391],{"class":54},[44,76049,63],{"class":62},[44,76051,19794],{"class":58},[44,76053,76054],{"class":3035},"    # reverse the list\n",[44,76056,76057,76059,76061,76063,76065,76067,76069,76071,76073,76075,76077,76079],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,76058,100],{"class":99},[44,76060,103],{"class":58},[44,76062,83],{"class":89},[44,76064,3270],{"class":58},[44,76066,1875],{"class":62},[44,76068,2255],{"class":58},[44,76070,63],{"class":62},[44,76072,2255],{"class":58},[44,76074,1391],{"class":54},[44,76076,63],{"class":62},[44,76078,19794],{"class":58},[44,76080,76081],{"class":3035},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76083,111],{},[35,76085,76087],{"className":37,"code":76086,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76088,76089,76105,76121,76149],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76090,76091,76093,76095,76097,76099,76101,76103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76092,3270],{"class":58},[44,76094,1701],{"class":62},[44,76096,66],{"class":58},[44,76098,7168],{"class":62},[44,76100,66],{"class":58},[44,76102,4451],{"class":62},[44,76104,3006],{"class":58},[44,76106,76107,76109,76111,76113,76115,76117,76119],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,76108,3270],{"class":58},[44,76110,15105],{"class":62},[44,76112,66],{"class":58},[44,76114,50204],{"class":62},[44,76116,66],{"class":58},[44,76118,75461],{"class":62},[44,76120,3006],{"class":58},[44,76122,76123,76125,76127,76129,76131,76133,76135,76137,76139,76141,76143,76145,76147],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,76124,3270],{"class":58},[44,76126,75640],{"class":62},[44,76128,66],{"class":58},[44,76130,4451],{"class":62},[44,76132,66],{"class":58},[44,76134,50204],{"class":62},[44,76136,66],{"class":58},[44,76138,7168],{"class":62},[44,76140,66],{"class":58},[44,76142,7163],{"class":62},[44,76144,66],{"class":58},[44,76146,5375],{"class":62},[44,76148,3006],{"class":58},[44,76150,76151,76153,76156,76158,76160,76162,76164],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,76152,3270],{"class":58},[44,76154,76155],{"class":62},"50",[44,76157,66],{"class":58},[44,76159,50204],{"class":62},[44,76161,66],{"class":58},[44,76163,7168],{"class":62},[44,76165,3006],{"class":58},[20,76167,76168,76169,86],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[167,76170,76171],{"href":74167},"how to reverse a list in Python",[347,76173,76175],{"id":76174},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76177,2207],{},[35,76179,76181],{"className":37,"code":76180,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76182,76183,76203],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76184,76185,76187,76189,76191,76193,76195,76197,76199,76201],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76186,51],{"class":50},[44,76188,55],{"class":54},[44,76190,2993],{"class":58},[44,76192,63],{"class":62},[44,76194,66],{"class":58},[44,76196,69],{"class":62},[44,76198,66],{"class":58},[44,76200,74],{"class":62},[44,76202,3006],{"class":58},[44,76204,76205,76207,76209,76211,76213,76215],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,76206,100],{"class":99},[44,76208,103],{"class":58},[44,76210,83],{"class":89},[44,76212,73483],{"class":58},[44,76214,1490],{"class":62},[44,76216,3258],{"class":58},[20,76218,76219,76220,76222,76223,76225],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76221,40060],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76224,1490],{}," does not make sense.",[131,76227,76229],{"id":76228},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76231,76232],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[347,76234,76236],{"id":76235},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[35,76238,76240],{"className":37,"code":76239,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76241,76242,76266,76270],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76243,76244,76246,76248,76250,76252,76254,76256,76258,76260,76262,76264],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76245,51],{"class":50},[44,76247,55],{"class":54},[44,76249,2993],{"class":58},[44,76251,1701],{"class":62},[44,76253,66],{"class":58},[44,76255,7163],{"class":62},[44,76257,66],{"class":58},[44,76259,7168],{"class":62},[44,76261,66],{"class":58},[44,76263,50204],{"class":62},[44,76265,3006],{"class":58},[44,76267,76268],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,76269,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,76271,76272,76274,76276,76278,76280,76282],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,76273,100],{"class":99},[44,76275,103],{"class":58},[44,76277,83],{"class":89},[44,76279,3270],{"class":58},[44,76281,1426],{"class":62},[44,76283,3258],{"class":58},[20,76285,111],{},[35,76287,76288],{"className":37,"code":69202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,76289,76290],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76291,76292],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76293,69202],{"class":62},[347,76295,76297],{"id":76296},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[35,76299,76301],{"className":37,"code":76300,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76302,76303,76327,76331],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76304,76305,76307,76309,76311,76313,76315,76317,76319,76321,76323,76325],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76306,51],{"class":50},[44,76308,55],{"class":54},[44,76310,2993],{"class":58},[44,76312,1701],{"class":62},[44,76314,66],{"class":58},[44,76316,7163],{"class":62},[44,76318,66],{"class":58},[44,76320,7168],{"class":62},[44,76322,66],{"class":58},[44,76324,50204],{"class":62},[44,76326,3006],{"class":58},[44,76328,76329],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,76330,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,76332,76333,76335,76337,76339,76341,76343,76345,76347],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,76334,100],{"class":99},[44,76336,103],{"class":58},[44,76338,83],{"class":89},[44,76340,3270],{"class":58},[44,76342,1426],{"class":62},[44,76344,2255],{"class":58},[44,76346,1432],{"class":62},[44,76348,3258],{"class":58},[20,76350,111],{},[35,76352,76354],{"className":37,"code":76353,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[30]\n",[15,76355,76356],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76357,76358,76360,76362],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76359,3270],{"class":58},[44,76361,36195],{"class":62},[44,76363,3006],{"class":58},[20,76365,13117],{},[145,76367,76368,76374],{},[148,76369,76370,76373],{},[15,76371,76372],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[148,76375,76376,76379],{},[15,76377,76378],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76381,76382],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[145,76384,76385,76388],{},[148,76386,76387],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[148,76389,76390],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76392,1578],{},[35,76394,76396],{"className":37,"code":76395,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76397,76398,76418,76422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76399,76400,76402,76404,76406,76408,76410,76412,76414,76416],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76401,51],{"class":50},[44,76403,55],{"class":54},[44,76405,2993],{"class":58},[44,76407,1701],{"class":62},[44,76409,66],{"class":58},[44,76411,7163],{"class":62},[44,76413,66],{"class":58},[44,76415,7168],{"class":62},[44,76417,3006],{"class":58},[44,76419,76420],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,76421,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,76423,76424,76426,76428,76430,76432,76434,76436,76438],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,76425,100],{"class":99},[44,76427,103],{"class":58},[44,76429,83],{"class":89},[44,76431,3270],{"class":58},[44,76433,1507],{"class":62},[44,76435,2255],{"class":58},[44,76437,1701],{"class":62},[44,76439,3258],{"class":58},[20,76441,111],{},[35,76443,76444],{"className":37,"code":37652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,76445,76446],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76447,76448],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76449,37652],{"class":58},[20,76451,76452],{},"But this would raise an error:",[35,76454,76456],{"className":37,"code":76455,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76457,76458,76478,76482],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76459,76460,76462,76464,76466,76468,76470,76472,76474,76476],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76461,51],{"class":50},[44,76463,55],{"class":54},[44,76465,2993],{"class":58},[44,76467,1701],{"class":62},[44,76469,66],{"class":58},[44,76471,7163],{"class":62},[44,76473,66],{"class":58},[44,76475,7168],{"class":62},[44,76477,3006],{"class":58},[44,76479,76480],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,76481,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,76483,76484,76486,76488,76490,76492,76494],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,76485,100],{"class":99},[44,76487,103],{"class":58},[44,76489,83],{"class":89},[44,76491,3270],{"class":58},[44,76493,1507],{"class":62},[44,76495,3258],{"class":58},[20,76497,76498,76499,86],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[167,76500,68621],{"href":68620},[131,76502,14530],{"id":76503},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,76505,76506],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[145,76508,76509,76513,76515,76518,76524],{},[148,76510,4074,76511,75102],{},[15,76512,74787],{},[148,76514,60053],{},[148,76516,76517],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[148,76519,36558,76520,8078,76522],{},[15,76521,75422],{},[15,76523,72887],{},[148,76525,76526,76527,76529],{},"Using step ",[15,76528,1490],{},", which causes an error",[347,76531,76533],{"id":76532},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[35,76535,76537],{"className":37,"code":76536,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,76538,76539,76567],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76540,76541,76543,76545,76547,76549,76551,76553,76555,76557,76559,76561,76563,76565],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76542,51],{"class":50},[44,76544,55],{"class":54},[44,76546,2993],{"class":58},[44,76548,1701],{"class":62},[44,76550,66],{"class":58},[44,76552,7163],{"class":62},[44,76554,66],{"class":58},[44,76556,7168],{"class":62},[44,76558,66],{"class":58},[44,76560,50204],{"class":62},[44,76562,66],{"class":58},[44,76564,4451],{"class":62},[44,76566,3006],{"class":58},[44,76568,76569,76571,76573,76575,76577,76579,76581,76583],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,76570,100],{"class":99},[44,76572,103],{"class":58},[44,76574,83],{"class":89},[44,76576,3270],{"class":58},[44,76578,63],{"class":62},[44,76580,2255],{"class":58},[44,76582,1875],{"class":62},[44,76584,3258],{"class":58},[20,76586,76587],{},"This returns:",[35,76589,76591],{"className":37,"code":76590,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76592,76593],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76594,76595,76597,76599,76601,76603,76605,76607],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76596,3270],{"class":58},[44,76598,15105],{"class":62},[44,76600,66],{"class":58},[44,76602,7168],{"class":62},[44,76604,66],{"class":58},[44,76606,50204],{"class":62},[44,76608,3006],{"class":58},[20,76610,40262,76611,76613,76614,76616,76617,86],{},[30,76612,604],{}," include ",[15,76615,76155],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,76618,1875],{},[347,76620,76622],{"id":76621},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,76624,798],{},[35,76626,76628],{"className":37,"code":76627,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,76629,76630,76650],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76631,76632,76634,76636,76638,76640,76642,76644,76646,76648],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76633,51],{"class":50},[44,76635,55],{"class":54},[44,76637,2993],{"class":58},[44,76639,1701],{"class":62},[44,76641,66],{"class":58},[44,76643,7163],{"class":62},[44,76645,66],{"class":58},[44,76647,7168],{"class":62},[44,76649,3006],{"class":58},[44,76651,76652],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,76653,76654],{"class":3035},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,76656,76657],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[35,76659,76661],{"className":37,"code":76660,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,76662,76663],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76664,76665,76667,76669,76671,76673,76675,76677,76679],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76666,100],{"class":99},[44,76668,103],{"class":58},[44,76670,83],{"class":89},[44,76672,3270],{"class":58},[44,76674,63],{"class":62},[44,76676,2255],{"class":58},[44,76678,1432],{"class":62},[44,76680,3258],{"class":58},[347,76682,76684],{"id":76683},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,76686,76687],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[35,76689,76691],{"className":37,"code":76690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,76692,76693,76717,76731,76735,76745],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76694,76695,76697,76699,76701,76703,76705,76707,76709,76711,76713,76715],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76696,51],{"class":50},[44,76698,55],{"class":54},[44,76700,2993],{"class":58},[44,76702,1701],{"class":62},[44,76704,66],{"class":58},[44,76706,7163],{"class":62},[44,76708,66],{"class":58},[44,76710,7168],{"class":62},[44,76712,66],{"class":58},[44,76714,50204],{"class":62},[44,76716,3006],{"class":58},[44,76718,76719,76721,76723,76725,76727,76729],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,76720,75020],{"class":50},[44,76722,55],{"class":54},[44,76724,649],{"class":50},[44,76726,74896],{"class":58},[44,76728,1426],{"class":62},[44,76730,3006],{"class":58},[44,76732,76733],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,76734,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,76736,76737,76739,76741,76743],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,76738,100],{"class":99},[44,76740,103],{"class":58},[44,76742,75043],{"class":89},[44,76744,108],{"class":58},[44,76746,76747,76749,76751,76753],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,76748,100],{"class":99},[44,76750,103],{"class":58},[44,76752,83],{"class":89},[44,76754,108],{"class":58},[20,76756,111],{},[35,76758,76760],{"className":37,"code":76759,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76761,76762,76774],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76763,76764,76766,76768,76770,76772],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76765,3270],{"class":58},[44,76767,1701],{"class":62},[44,76769,66],{"class":58},[44,76771,7163],{"class":62},[44,76773,3006],{"class":58},[44,76775,76776,76778,76780,76782,76784,76786,76788,76790,76792],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,76777,3270],{"class":58},[44,76779,1701],{"class":62},[44,76781,66],{"class":58},[44,76783,7163],{"class":62},[44,76785,66],{"class":58},[44,76787,7168],{"class":62},[44,76789,66],{"class":58},[44,76791,50204],{"class":62},[44,76793,3006],{"class":58},[20,76795,76796],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[347,76798,76800,76801,8078,76803],{"id":76799},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,76802,75422],{},[15,76804,72887],{},[35,76806,76808],{"className":37,"code":76807,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,76809,76810,76830,76834,76851,76862],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76811,76812,76814,76816,76818,76820,76822,76824,76826,76828],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76813,51],{"class":50},[44,76815,55],{"class":54},[44,76817,2993],{"class":58},[44,76819,1701],{"class":62},[44,76821,66],{"class":58},[44,76823,7163],{"class":62},[44,76825,66],{"class":58},[44,76827,7168],{"class":62},[44,76829,3006],{"class":58},[44,76831,76832],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,76833,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,76835,76836,76839,76841,76843,76845,76847,76849],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,76837,76838],{"class":50},"reversed_copy ",[44,76840,55],{"class":54},[44,76842,649],{"class":50},[44,76844,73483],{"class":58},[44,76846,1391],{"class":54},[44,76848,63],{"class":62},[44,76850,3006],{"class":58},[44,76852,76853,76855,76857,76860],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,76854,100],{"class":99},[44,76856,103],{"class":58},[44,76858,76859],{"class":89},"reversed_copy",[44,76861,108],{"class":58},[44,76863,76864,76866,76868,76870],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,76865,100],{"class":99},[44,76867,103],{"class":58},[44,76869,83],{"class":89},[44,76871,108],{"class":58},[20,76873,111],{},[35,76875,76877],{"className":37,"code":76876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,76878,76879,76895],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76880,76881,76883,76885,76887,76889,76891,76893],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76882,3270],{"class":58},[44,76884,36195],{"class":62},[44,76886,66],{"class":58},[44,76888,7163],{"class":62},[44,76890,66],{"class":58},[44,76892,5375],{"class":62},[44,76894,3006],{"class":58},[44,76896,76897,76899,76901,76903,76905,76907,76909],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,76898,3270],{"class":58},[44,76900,1701],{"class":62},[44,76902,66],{"class":58},[44,76904,7163],{"class":62},[44,76906,66],{"class":58},[44,76908,7168],{"class":62},[44,76910,3006],{"class":58},[20,76912,76913,76916],{},[15,76914,76915],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,76918,76919,76920,76923],{},"By contrast, ",[15,76921,76922],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[347,76925,76927],{"id":76926},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,76929,76930],{},"This is not allowed:",[35,76932,76934],{"className":37,"code":76933,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76935,76936,76956],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76937,76938,76940,76942,76944,76946,76948,76950,76952,76954],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76939,51],{"class":50},[44,76941,55],{"class":54},[44,76943,2993],{"class":58},[44,76945,1701],{"class":62},[44,76947,66],{"class":58},[44,76949,7163],{"class":62},[44,76951,66],{"class":58},[44,76953,7168],{"class":62},[44,76955,3006],{"class":58},[44,76957,76958],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,76959,76960],{"class":3035},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,76962,76963,76964,86],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,76965,40060],{},[131,76967,76969],{"id":76968},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,76971,76972],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[145,76974,76975,76982,76988,76991,76994],{},[148,76976,36558,76977,342,76979,76981],{},[15,76978,35426],{},[15,76980,74787],{}," positions",[148,76983,76984,76985,76987],{},"Assuming the ",[15,76986,74787],{}," index is included",[148,76989,76990],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[148,76992,76993],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[148,76995,76996],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,76998,76999],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[35,77001,77003],{"className":37,"code":77002,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77004,77005,77015,77029,77047,77061,77078],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77006,77007,77009,77011,77013],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77008,100],{"class":99},[44,77010,103],{"class":58},[44,77012,7713],{"class":89},[44,77014,108],{"class":58},[44,77016,77017,77019,77021,77023,77025,77027],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,77018,100],{"class":99},[44,77020,103],{"class":58},[44,77022,10529],{"class":99},[44,77024,103],{"class":58},[44,77026,7713],{"class":89},[44,77028,993],{"class":58},[44,77030,77031,77033,77035,77037,77039,77041,77043,77045],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,77032,100],{"class":99},[44,77034,103],{"class":58},[44,77036,7713],{"class":89},[44,77038,3270],{"class":58},[44,77040,63],{"class":62},[44,77042,2255],{"class":58},[44,77044,1875],{"class":62},[44,77046,3258],{"class":58},[44,77048,77049,77051,77053,77055,77057,77059],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,77050,100],{"class":99},[44,77052,103],{"class":58},[44,77054,7713],{"class":89},[44,77056,74896],{"class":58},[44,77058,1432],{"class":62},[44,77060,3258],{"class":58},[44,77062,77063,77065,77067,77069,77071,77073,77075],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,77064,100],{"class":99},[44,77066,103],{"class":58},[44,77068,7713],{"class":89},[44,77070,3270],{"class":58},[44,77072,1391],{"class":54},[44,77074,1432],{"class":62},[44,77076,77077],{"class":58},":])\n",[44,77079,77080,77082,77084,77086,77088,77090,77092],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,77081,100],{"class":99},[44,77083,103],{"class":58},[44,77085,7713],{"class":89},[44,77087,73483],{"class":58},[44,77089,1391],{"class":54},[44,77091,63],{"class":62},[44,77093,3258],{"class":58},[20,77095,350,77096,77098,77099,77103],{},[15,77097,41718],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[167,77100,77102],{"href":77101},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[131,77105,1196],{"id":1195},[347,77107,77109],{"id":77108},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77111,77112],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[347,77114,77116],{"id":77115},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77118,77119],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[347,77121,1200,77123,39316],{"id":77122},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77124,75422],{},[20,77126,77127],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[347,77129,77131,77132,1239],{"id":77130},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77133,70093],{},[20,77135,77136],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[131,77138,1251],{"id":1250},[145,77140,77141,77146,77151,77155,77159,77163],{},[148,77142,77143],{},[167,77144,77145],{"href":50340},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[148,77147,77148],{},[167,77149,77150],{"href":56513},"How to create a list in Python",[148,77152,77153],{},[167,77154,14318],{"href":56579},[148,77156,77157],{},[167,77158,74168],{"href":74167},[148,77160,77161],{},[167,77162,77102],{"href":77101},[148,77164,77165],{},[167,77166,68621],{"href":68620},[20,77168,77169,77170,77172],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77171,41718],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1294,77174,77175],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":77177},[77178,77179,77180,77181,77182,77183,77186,77190,77198,77199,77207],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":74951,"depth":80,"text":74952},{"id":75114,"depth":80,"text":75115},{"id":75376,"depth":80,"text":75377},{"id":75670,"depth":80,"text":75671},{"id":75916,"depth":80,"text":75917,"children":77184},[77185],{"id":76174,"depth":96,"text":76175},{"id":76228,"depth":80,"text":76229,"children":77187},[77188,77189],{"id":76235,"depth":96,"text":76236},{"id":76296,"depth":96,"text":76297},{"id":76503,"depth":80,"text":14530,"children":77191},[77192,77193,77194,77195,77197],{"id":76532,"depth":96,"text":76533},{"id":76621,"depth":96,"text":76622},{"id":76683,"depth":96,"text":76684},{"id":76799,"depth":96,"text":77196},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":76926,"depth":96,"text":76927},{"id":76968,"depth":80,"text":76969},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":77200},[77201,77202,77203,77205],{"id":77108,"depth":96,"text":77109},{"id":77115,"depth":96,"text":77116},{"id":77122,"depth":96,"text":77204},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77130,"depth":96,"text":77206},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":74774,"description":77208},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77215,"title":77216,"body":77217,"description":79286,"extension":1331,"meta":79287,"navigation":268,"path":79288,"seo":79289,"stem":79290,"__hash__":79291},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77218,"toc":79252},[77219,77224,77230,77236,77238,77285,77292,77297,77301,77316,77319,77372,77374,77399,77404,77406,77438,77441,77457,77459,77520,77522,77547,77551,77556,77609,77611,77636,77641,77702,77704,77729,77732,77739,77743,77746,77807,77809,77842,77845,77906,77908,77941,77947,78020,78022,78054,78061,78066,78071,78073,78085,78088,78166,78168,78209,78212,78286,78288,78321,78326,78333,78340,78344,78353,78357,78365,78367,78434,78436,78472,78477,78488,78490,78495,78500,78502,78565,78567,78592,78599,78604,78608,78611,78651,78656,78662,78667,78669,78696,78701,78704,78751,78753,78810,78817,78822,78828,78897,78901,78904,78967,78969,79002,79007,79009,79012,79093,79095,79119,79125,79127,79132,79136,79143,79151,79155,79157,79180,79184,79186,79213,79216,79223,79226,79228,79249],[10,77220,53704,77222,18],{"id":77221},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77223,63673],{},[20,77225,77226,77229],{},[15,77227,77228],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77231,77232,77233,77235],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77234,63673],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[131,77237,1372],{"id":1371},[35,77239,77241],{"className":37,"code":77240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77242,77243,77263,77273],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77244,77245,77247,77249,77251,77253,77255,77257,77259,77261],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77246,51],{"class":50},[44,77248,55],{"class":54},[44,77250,2993],{"class":58},[44,77252,1432],{"class":62},[44,77254,66],{"class":58},[44,77256,4867],{"class":62},[44,77258,66],{"class":58},[44,77260,69],{"class":62},[44,77262,3006],{"class":58},[44,77264,77265,77267,77269,77271],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,77266,83],{"class":50},[44,77268,86],{"class":58},[44,77270,34151],{"class":89},[44,77272,93],{"class":58},[44,77274,77275,77277,77279,77281,77283],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,77276,100],{"class":99},[44,77278,103],{"class":58},[44,77280,83],{"class":89},[44,77282,3032],{"class":58},[44,77284,54292],{"class":3035},[20,77286,1462,77287,77289,77290,86],{},[15,77288,77228],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77291,159],{},[131,77293,134,77295,137],{"id":77294},"what-listsort-does",[15,77296,77228],{},[20,77298,77299,2255],{},[15,77300,77228],{},[145,77302,77303,77306,77309,77313],{},[148,77304,77305],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[148,77307,77308],{},"Changes the original list",[148,77310,156,77311],{},[15,77312,159],{},[148,77314,77315],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77317,77318],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[35,77320,77322],{"className":37,"code":77321,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77323,77324,77348,77358,77362],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77325,77326,77328,77330,77332,77334,77336,77338,77340,77342,77344,77346],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77327,51],{"class":50},[44,77329,55],{"class":54},[44,77331,2993],{"class":58},[44,77333,1507],{"class":62},[44,77335,66],{"class":58},[44,77337,69],{"class":62},[44,77339,66],{"class":58},[44,77341,53498],{"class":62},[44,77343,66],{"class":58},[44,77345,4867],{"class":62},[44,77347,3006],{"class":58},[44,77349,77350,77352,77354,77356],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,77351,83],{"class":50},[44,77353,86],{"class":58},[44,77355,34151],{"class":89},[44,77357,93],{"class":58},[44,77359,77360],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,77361,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,77363,77364,77366,77368,77370],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,77365,100],{"class":99},[44,77367,103],{"class":58},[44,77369,83],{"class":89},[44,77371,108],{"class":58},[20,77373,111],{},[35,77375,77377],{"className":37,"code":77376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77378,77379],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77380,77381,77383,77385,77387,77389,77391,77393,77395,77397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77382,3270],{"class":58},[44,77384,63],{"class":62},[44,77386,66],{"class":58},[44,77388,69],{"class":62},[44,77390,66],{"class":58},[44,77392,3975],{"class":62},[44,77394,66],{"class":58},[44,77396,53498],{"class":62},[44,77398,3006],{"class":58},[20,77400,77401,77402,86],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[167,77403,66439],{"href":50340},[131,77405,175],{"id":174},[35,77407,77409],{"className":37,"code":77408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77410,77411],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77412,77413,77415,77417,77419,77421,77423,77425,77427,77429,77432,77434,77436],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77414,7713],{"class":50},[44,77416,86],{"class":58},[44,77418,34151],{"class":89},[44,77420,103],{"class":58},[44,77422,14195],{"class":8546},[44,77424,55],{"class":54},[44,77426,159],{"class":692},[44,77428,66],{"class":58},[44,77430,77431],{"class":8546}," reverse",[44,77433,55],{"class":54},[44,77435,3046],{"class":692},[44,77437,108],{"class":58},[20,77439,77440],{},"Main arguments:",[145,77442,77443,77448,77454],{},[148,77444,77445,77447],{},[15,77446,14195],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[148,77449,77450,77453],{},[15,77451,77452],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[148,77455,77456],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,77458,1578],{},[35,77460,77462],{"className":37,"code":77461,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77463,77464,77488,77506,77510],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77465,77466,77468,77470,77472,77474,77476,77478,77480,77482,77484,77486],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77467,51],{"class":50},[44,77469,55],{"class":54},[44,77471,2993],{"class":58},[44,77473,1875],{"class":62},[44,77475,66],{"class":58},[44,77477,4867],{"class":62},[44,77479,66],{"class":58},[44,77481,5364],{"class":62},[44,77483,66],{"class":58},[44,77485,69],{"class":62},[44,77487,3006],{"class":58},[44,77489,77490,77492,77494,77496,77498,77500,77502,77504],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,77491,83],{"class":50},[44,77493,86],{"class":58},[44,77495,34151],{"class":89},[44,77497,103],{"class":58},[44,77499,72938],{"class":8546},[44,77501,55],{"class":54},[44,77503,2974],{"class":692},[44,77505,108],{"class":58},[44,77507,77508],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,77509,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,77511,77512,77514,77516,77518],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,77513,100],{"class":99},[44,77515,103],{"class":58},[44,77517,83],{"class":89},[44,77519,108],{"class":58},[20,77521,111],{},[35,77523,77525],{"className":37,"code":77524,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,77526,77527],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77528,77529,77531,77533,77535,77537,77539,77541,77543,77545],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77530,3270],{"class":58},[44,77532,1394],{"class":62},[44,77534,66],{"class":58},[44,77536,1827],{"class":62},[44,77538,66],{"class":58},[44,77540,69],{"class":62},[44,77542,66],{"class":58},[44,77544,4867],{"class":62},[44,77546,3006],{"class":58},[131,77548,77550],{"id":77549},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,77552,1462,77553,77555],{},[15,77554,63673],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[35,77557,77559],{"className":37,"code":77558,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77560,77561,77585,77595,77599],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77562,77563,77565,77567,77569,77571,77573,77575,77577,77579,77581,77583],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77564,51],{"class":50},[44,77566,55],{"class":54},[44,77568,2993],{"class":58},[44,77570,1701],{"class":62},[44,77572,66],{"class":58},[44,77574,74],{"class":62},[44,77576,66],{"class":58},[44,77578,5730],{"class":62},[44,77580,66],{"class":58},[44,77582,4867],{"class":62},[44,77584,3006],{"class":58},[44,77586,77587,77589,77591,77593],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,77588,83],{"class":50},[44,77590,86],{"class":58},[44,77592,34151],{"class":89},[44,77594,93],{"class":58},[44,77596,77597],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,77598,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,77600,77601,77603,77605,77607],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,77602,100],{"class":99},[44,77604,103],{"class":58},[44,77606,83],{"class":89},[44,77608,108],{"class":58},[20,77610,111],{},[35,77612,77614],{"className":37,"code":77613,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,77615,77616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77617,77618,77620,77622,77624,77626,77628,77630,77632,77634],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77619,3270],{"class":58},[44,77621,63],{"class":62},[44,77623,66],{"class":58},[44,77625,74],{"class":62},[44,77627,66],{"class":58},[44,77629,5730],{"class":62},[44,77631,66],{"class":58},[44,77633,5375],{"class":62},[44,77635,3006],{"class":58},[20,77637,1462,77638,77640],{},[15,77639,77452],{}," for descending order:",[35,77642,77644],{"className":37,"code":77643,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77645,77646,77670,77688,77692],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77647,77648,77650,77652,77654,77656,77658,77660,77662,77664,77666,77668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77649,51],{"class":50},[44,77651,55],{"class":54},[44,77653,2993],{"class":58},[44,77655,1701],{"class":62},[44,77657,66],{"class":58},[44,77659,74],{"class":62},[44,77661,66],{"class":58},[44,77663,5730],{"class":62},[44,77665,66],{"class":58},[44,77667,4867],{"class":62},[44,77669,3006],{"class":58},[44,77671,77672,77674,77676,77678,77680,77682,77684,77686],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,77673,83],{"class":50},[44,77675,86],{"class":58},[44,77677,34151],{"class":89},[44,77679,103],{"class":58},[44,77681,72938],{"class":8546},[44,77683,55],{"class":54},[44,77685,2974],{"class":692},[44,77687,108],{"class":58},[44,77689,77690],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,77691,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,77693,77694,77696,77698,77700],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,77695,100],{"class":99},[44,77697,103],{"class":58},[44,77699,83],{"class":89},[44,77701,108],{"class":58},[20,77703,111],{},[35,77705,77707],{"className":37,"code":77706,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,77708,77709],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77710,77711,77713,77715,77717,77719,77721,77723,77725,77727],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77712,3270],{"class":58},[44,77714,1701],{"class":62},[44,77716,66],{"class":58},[44,77718,5730],{"class":62},[44,77720,66],{"class":58},[44,77722,74],{"class":62},[44,77724,66],{"class":58},[44,77726,4867],{"class":62},[44,77728,3006],{"class":58},[20,77730,77731],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,77733,77734,77735,86],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[167,77736,77738],{"href":77737},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[131,77740,77742],{"id":77741},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,77744,77745],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[35,77747,77749],{"className":37,"code":77748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,77750,77751,77783,77793,77797],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77752,77753,77755,77757,77759,77761,77763,77765,77767,77769,77771,77773,77775,77777,77779,77781],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77754,3441],{"class":50},[44,77756,55],{"class":54},[44,77758,2993],{"class":58},[44,77760,236],{"class":235},[44,77762,3459],{"class":239},[44,77764,236],{"class":235},[44,77766,66],{"class":58},[44,77768,247],{"class":235},[44,77770,3450],{"class":239},[44,77772,236],{"class":235},[44,77774,66],{"class":58},[44,77776,247],{"class":235},[44,77778,3468],{"class":239},[44,77780,236],{"class":235},[44,77782,3006],{"class":58},[44,77784,77785,77787,77789,77791],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,77786,3485],{"class":50},[44,77788,86],{"class":58},[44,77790,34151],{"class":89},[44,77792,93],{"class":58},[44,77794,77795],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,77796,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,77798,77799,77801,77803,77805],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,77800,100],{"class":99},[44,77802,103],{"class":58},[44,77804,3485],{"class":89},[44,77806,108],{"class":58},[20,77808,111],{},[35,77810,77812],{"className":37,"code":77811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,77813,77814],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77815,77816,77818,77820,77822,77824,77826,77828,77830,77832,77834,77836,77838,77840],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77817,3270],{"class":58},[44,77819,1018],{"class":235},[44,77821,3450],{"class":239},[44,77823,1018],{"class":235},[44,77825,66],{"class":58},[44,77827,1012],{"class":235},[44,77829,3459],{"class":239},[44,77831,1018],{"class":235},[44,77833,66],{"class":58},[44,77835,1012],{"class":235},[44,77837,3468],{"class":239},[44,77839,1018],{"class":235},[44,77841,3006],{"class":58},[20,77843,77844],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[35,77846,77848],{"className":37,"code":77847,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,77849,77850,77882,77892,77896],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77851,77852,77854,77856,77858,77860,77862,77864,77866,77868,77870,77872,77874,77876,77878,77880],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77853,3441],{"class":50},[44,77855,55],{"class":54},[44,77857,2993],{"class":58},[44,77859,236],{"class":235},[44,77861,3459],{"class":239},[44,77863,236],{"class":235},[44,77865,66],{"class":58},[44,77867,247],{"class":235},[44,77869,57128],{"class":239},[44,77871,236],{"class":235},[44,77873,66],{"class":58},[44,77875,247],{"class":235},[44,77877,3468],{"class":239},[44,77879,236],{"class":235},[44,77881,3006],{"class":58},[44,77883,77884,77886,77888,77890],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,77885,3485],{"class":50},[44,77887,86],{"class":58},[44,77889,34151],{"class":89},[44,77891,93],{"class":58},[44,77893,77894],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,77895,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,77897,77898,77900,77902,77904],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,77899,100],{"class":99},[44,77901,103],{"class":58},[44,77903,3485],{"class":89},[44,77905,108],{"class":58},[20,77907,111],{},[35,77909,77911],{"className":37,"code":77910,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,77912,77913],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77914,77915,77917,77919,77921,77923,77925,77927,77929,77931,77933,77935,77937,77939],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77916,3270],{"class":58},[44,77918,1018],{"class":235},[44,77920,57128],{"class":239},[44,77922,1018],{"class":235},[44,77924,66],{"class":58},[44,77926,1012],{"class":235},[44,77928,3459],{"class":239},[44,77930,1018],{"class":235},[44,77932,66],{"class":58},[44,77934,1012],{"class":235},[44,77936,3468],{"class":239},[44,77938,1018],{"class":235},[44,77940,3006],{"class":58},[20,77942,77943,77944,2255],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,77945,77946],{},"key=str.lower",[35,77948,77950],{"className":37,"code":77949,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,77951,77952,77984,78006,78010],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77953,77954,77956,77958,77960,77962,77964,77966,77968,77970,77972,77974,77976,77978,77980,77982],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77955,3441],{"class":50},[44,77957,55],{"class":54},[44,77959,2993],{"class":58},[44,77961,236],{"class":235},[44,77963,3459],{"class":239},[44,77965,236],{"class":235},[44,77967,66],{"class":58},[44,77969,247],{"class":235},[44,77971,57128],{"class":239},[44,77973,236],{"class":235},[44,77975,66],{"class":58},[44,77977,247],{"class":235},[44,77979,3468],{"class":239},[44,77981,236],{"class":235},[44,77983,3006],{"class":58},[44,77985,77986,77988,77990,77992,77994,77996,77998,78000,78002,78004],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,77987,3485],{"class":50},[44,77989,86],{"class":58},[44,77991,34151],{"class":89},[44,77993,103],{"class":58},[44,77995,14195],{"class":8546},[44,77997,55],{"class":54},[44,77999,2812],{"class":121},[44,78001,86],{"class":58},[44,78003,8014],{"class":24098},[44,78005,108],{"class":58},[44,78007,78008],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,78009,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,78011,78012,78014,78016,78018],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,78013,100],{"class":99},[44,78015,103],{"class":58},[44,78017,3485],{"class":89},[44,78019,108],{"class":58},[20,78021,111],{},[35,78023,78024],{"className":37,"code":77910,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,78025,78026],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78027,78028,78030,78032,78034,78036,78038,78040,78042,78044,78046,78048,78050,78052],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78029,3270],{"class":58},[44,78031,1018],{"class":235},[44,78033,57128],{"class":239},[44,78035,1018],{"class":235},[44,78037,66],{"class":58},[44,78039,1012],{"class":235},[44,78041,3459],{"class":239},[44,78043,1018],{"class":235},[44,78045,66],{"class":58},[44,78047,1012],{"class":235},[44,78049,3468],{"class":239},[44,78051,1018],{"class":235},[44,78053,3006],{"class":58},[20,78055,78056,78057,78060],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78058,78059],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[131,78062,35966,78064,35969],{"id":78063},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78065,14195],{},[20,78067,140,78068,78070],{},[15,78069,14195],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78072,6715],{},[145,78074,78075,78080],{},[148,78076,78077,78079],{},[15,78078,10529],{}," to sort by length",[148,78081,78082,78084],{},[15,78083,78059],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78086,78087],{},"Sort words by length:",[35,78089,78091],{"className":37,"code":78090,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78092,78093,78134,78152,78156],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78094,78095,78097,78099,78101,78103,78106,78108,78110,78112,78114,78116,78118,78120,78122,78124,78126,78128,78130,78132],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78096,3441],{"class":50},[44,78098,55],{"class":54},[44,78100,2993],{"class":58},[44,78102,236],{"class":235},[44,78104,78105],{"class":239},"pear",[44,78107,236],{"class":235},[44,78109,66],{"class":58},[44,78111,247],{"class":235},[44,78113,3459],{"class":239},[44,78115,236],{"class":235},[44,78117,66],{"class":58},[44,78119,247],{"class":235},[44,78121,37713],{"class":239},[44,78123,236],{"class":235},[44,78125,66],{"class":58},[44,78127,247],{"class":235},[44,78129,3450],{"class":239},[44,78131,236],{"class":235},[44,78133,3006],{"class":58},[44,78135,78136,78138,78140,78142,78144,78146,78148,78150],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,78137,3485],{"class":50},[44,78139,86],{"class":58},[44,78141,34151],{"class":89},[44,78143,103],{"class":58},[44,78145,14195],{"class":8546},[44,78147,55],{"class":54},[44,78149,10529],{"class":99},[44,78151,108],{"class":58},[44,78153,78154],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,78155,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,78157,78158,78160,78162,78164],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,78159,100],{"class":99},[44,78161,103],{"class":58},[44,78163,3485],{"class":89},[44,78165,108],{"class":58},[20,78167,111],{},[35,78169,78171],{"className":37,"code":78170,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78172,78173],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78174,78175,78177,78179,78181,78183,78185,78187,78189,78191,78193,78195,78197,78199,78201,78203,78205,78207],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78176,3270],{"class":58},[44,78178,1018],{"class":235},[44,78180,37713],{"class":239},[44,78182,1018],{"class":235},[44,78184,66],{"class":58},[44,78186,1012],{"class":235},[44,78188,78105],{"class":239},[44,78190,1018],{"class":235},[44,78192,66],{"class":58},[44,78194,1012],{"class":235},[44,78196,3450],{"class":239},[44,78198,1018],{"class":235},[44,78200,66],{"class":58},[44,78202,1012],{"class":235},[44,78204,3459],{"class":239},[44,78206,1018],{"class":235},[44,78208,3006],{"class":58},[20,78210,78211],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[35,78213,78215],{"className":37,"code":78214,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78216,78217,78250,78272,78276],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78218,78219,78221,78223,78225,78227,78229,78231,78233,78235,78237,78239,78241,78243,78246,78248],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78220,3441],{"class":50},[44,78222,55],{"class":54},[44,78224,2993],{"class":58},[44,78226,236],{"class":235},[44,78228,4383],{"class":239},[44,78230,236],{"class":235},[44,78232,66],{"class":58},[44,78234,247],{"class":235},[44,78236,17150],{"class":239},[44,78238,236],{"class":235},[44,78240,66],{"class":58},[44,78242,247],{"class":235},[44,78244,78245],{"class":239},"Carol",[44,78247,236],{"class":235},[44,78249,3006],{"class":58},[44,78251,78252,78254,78256,78258,78260,78262,78264,78266,78268,78270],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,78253,3485],{"class":50},[44,78255,86],{"class":58},[44,78257,34151],{"class":89},[44,78259,103],{"class":58},[44,78261,14195],{"class":8546},[44,78263,55],{"class":54},[44,78265,2812],{"class":121},[44,78267,86],{"class":58},[44,78269,8014],{"class":24098},[44,78271,108],{"class":58},[44,78273,78274],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,78275,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,78277,78278,78280,78282,78284],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,78279,100],{"class":99},[44,78281,103],{"class":58},[44,78283,3485],{"class":89},[44,78285,108],{"class":58},[20,78287,111],{},[35,78289,78291],{"className":37,"code":78290,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78292,78293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78294,78295,78297,78299,78301,78303,78305,78307,78309,78311,78313,78315,78317,78319],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78296,3270],{"class":58},[44,78298,1018],{"class":235},[44,78300,17150],{"class":239},[44,78302,1018],{"class":235},[44,78304,66],{"class":58},[44,78306,1012],{"class":235},[44,78308,4383],{"class":239},[44,78310,1018],{"class":235},[44,78312,66],{"class":58},[44,78314,1012],{"class":235},[44,78316,78245],{"class":239},[44,78318,1018],{"class":235},[44,78320,3006],{"class":58},[20,78322,140,78323,78325],{},[15,78324,14195],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[131,78327,78329,9953,78331],{"id":78328},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78330,77228],{},[15,78332,73785],{},[20,78334,78335,342,78337,78339],{},[15,78336,77228],{},[15,78338,73785],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78341,78342,2255],{},[15,78343,77228],{},[145,78345,78346,78349],{},[148,78347,78348],{},"Changes the existing list",[148,78350,156,78351],{},[15,78352,159],{},[20,78354,78355,2255],{},[15,78356,73785],{},[145,78358,78359,78362],{},[148,78360,78361],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[148,78363,78364],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78366,1578],{},[35,78368,78370],{"className":37,"code":78369,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78371,78372,78392,78396,78410,78414,78424],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78373,78374,78376,78378,78380,78382,78384,78386,78388,78390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78375,51],{"class":50},[44,78377,55],{"class":54},[44,78379,2993],{"class":58},[44,78381,1432],{"class":62},[44,78383,66],{"class":58},[44,78385,4867],{"class":62},[44,78387,66],{"class":58},[44,78389,69],{"class":62},[44,78391,3006],{"class":58},[44,78393,78394],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,78395,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,78397,78398,78400,78402,78404,78406,78408],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,78399,55249],{"class":50},[44,78401,55],{"class":54},[44,78403,73919],{"class":99},[44,78405,103],{"class":58},[44,78407,83],{"class":89},[44,78409,108],{"class":58},[44,78411,78412],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,78413,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,78415,78416,78418,78420,78422],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,78417,100],{"class":99},[44,78419,103],{"class":58},[44,78421,83],{"class":89},[44,78423,108],{"class":58},[44,78425,78426,78428,78430,78432],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,78427,100],{"class":99},[44,78429,103],{"class":58},[44,78431,73642],{"class":89},[44,78433,108],{"class":58},[20,78435,111],{},[35,78437,78438],{"className":37,"code":73954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,78439,78440,78456],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78441,78442,78444,78446,78448,78450,78452,78454],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78443,3270],{"class":58},[44,78445,1432],{"class":62},[44,78447,66],{"class":58},[44,78449,4867],{"class":62},[44,78451,66],{"class":58},[44,78453,69],{"class":62},[44,78455,3006],{"class":58},[44,78457,78458,78460,78462,78464,78466,78468,78470],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,78459,3270],{"class":58},[44,78461,63],{"class":62},[44,78463,66],{"class":58},[44,78465,69],{"class":62},[44,78467,66],{"class":58},[44,78469,74],{"class":62},[44,78471,3006],{"class":58},[20,78473,1462,78474,78476],{},[15,78475,73785],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,78478,78479,78480,342,78484,86],{},"You can learn more in ",[167,78481,2945,78482,5153],{"href":73882},[15,78483,73785],{},[167,78485,78487],{"href":78486},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[131,78489,2200],{"id":2199},[20,78491,78492,78493,86],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,78494,77228],{},[347,78496,793,78498],{"id":78497},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,78499,63673],{},[20,78501,961],{},[35,78503,78505],{"className":37,"code":78504,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78506,78507,78527,78541,78545,78555],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78508,78509,78511,78513,78515,78517,78519,78521,78523,78525],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78510,51],{"class":50},[44,78512,55],{"class":54},[44,78514,2993],{"class":58},[44,78516,1432],{"class":62},[44,78518,66],{"class":58},[44,78520,4867],{"class":62},[44,78522,66],{"class":58},[44,78524,69],{"class":62},[44,78526,3006],{"class":58},[44,78528,78529,78531,78533,78535,78537,78539],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,78530,644],{"class":50},[44,78532,55],{"class":54},[44,78534,649],{"class":50},[44,78536,86],{"class":58},[44,78538,34151],{"class":89},[44,78540,93],{"class":58},[44,78542,78543],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,78544,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,78546,78547,78549,78551,78553],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,78548,100],{"class":99},[44,78550,103],{"class":58},[44,78552,668],{"class":89},[44,78554,108],{"class":58},[44,78556,78557,78559,78561,78563],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,78558,100],{"class":99},[44,78560,103],{"class":58},[44,78562,83],{"class":89},[44,78564,108],{"class":58},[20,78566,111],{},[35,78568,78570],{"className":37,"code":78569,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78571,78572,78576],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78573,78574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78575,693],{"class":692},[44,78577,78578,78580,78582,78584,78586,78588,78590],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,78579,3270],{"class":58},[44,78581,63],{"class":62},[44,78583,66],{"class":58},[44,78585,69],{"class":62},[44,78587,66],{"class":58},[44,78589,74],{"class":62},[44,78591,3006],{"class":58},[20,78593,78594,78596,78597,86],{},[15,78595,63673],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,78598,159],{},[20,78600,78601,78602,6002],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,78603,73785],{},[347,78605,78607],{"id":78606},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,78609,78610],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[35,78612,78614],{"className":37,"code":78613,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,78615,78616,78641],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78617,78618,78620,78622,78624,78626,78628,78630,78633,78635,78637,78639],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78619,362],{"class":50},[44,78621,55],{"class":54},[44,78623,2993],{"class":58},[44,78625,63],{"class":62},[44,78627,66],{"class":58},[44,78629,247],{"class":235},[44,78631,78632],{"class":239},"two",[44,78634,236],{"class":235},[44,78636,66],{"class":58},[44,78638,74],{"class":62},[44,78640,3006],{"class":58},[44,78642,78643,78645,78647,78649],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,78644,397],{"class":50},[44,78646,86],{"class":58},[44,78648,34151],{"class":89},[44,78650,93],{"class":58},[20,78652,2373,78653,78655],{},[15,78654,2376],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[347,78657,4074,78659,78661],{"id":78658},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,78660,63673],{}," only works on lists",[20,78663,78664,78666],{},[15,78665,63673],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,78668,798],{},[35,78670,78672],{"className":37,"code":78671,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,78673,78674,78686],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78675,78676,78678,78680,78682,78684],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78677,34039],{"class":50},[44,78679,55],{"class":54},[44,78681,247],{"class":235},[44,78683,39],{"class":239},[44,78685,2727],{"class":235},[44,78687,78688,78690,78692,78694],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,78689,34060],{"class":50},[44,78691,86],{"class":58},[44,78693,34151],{"class":89},[44,78695,93],{"class":58},[20,78697,78698,78699,32951],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,78700,63673],{},[20,78702,78703],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[35,78705,78707],{"className":37,"code":78706,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,78708,78709,78727,78737,78741],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78710,78711,78713,78715,78717,78719,78721,78723,78725],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78712,35444],{"class":50},[44,78714,55],{"class":54},[44,78716,21907],{"class":121},[44,78718,103],{"class":58},[44,78720,236],{"class":235},[44,78722,39],{"class":239},[44,78724,236],{"class":235},[44,78726,108],{"class":58},[44,78728,78729,78731,78733,78735],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,78730,35497],{"class":50},[44,78732,86],{"class":58},[44,78734,34151],{"class":89},[44,78736,93],{"class":58},[44,78738,78739],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,78740,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,78742,78743,78745,78747,78749],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,78744,100],{"class":99},[44,78746,103],{"class":58},[44,78748,35497],{"class":89},[44,78750,108],{"class":58},[20,78752,111],{},[35,78754,78756],{"className":37,"code":78755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,78757,78758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78759,78760,78762,78764,78766,78768,78770,78772,78774,78776,78778,78780,78782,78784,78786,78788,78790,78792,78794,78796,78798,78800,78802,78804,78806,78808],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78761,3270],{"class":58},[44,78763,1018],{"class":235},[44,78765,59799],{"class":239},[44,78767,1018],{"class":235},[44,78769,66],{"class":58},[44,78771,1012],{"class":235},[44,78773,75391],{"class":239},[44,78775,1018],{"class":235},[44,78777,66],{"class":58},[44,78779,1012],{"class":235},[44,78781,59834],{"class":239},[44,78783,1018],{"class":235},[44,78785,66],{"class":58},[44,78787,1012],{"class":235},[44,78789,20],{"class":239},[44,78791,1018],{"class":235},[44,78793,66],{"class":58},[44,78795,1012],{"class":235},[44,78797,62648],{"class":239},[44,78799,1018],{"class":235},[44,78801,66],{"class":58},[44,78803,1012],{"class":235},[44,78805,1113],{"class":239},[44,78807,1018],{"class":235},[44,78809,3006],{"class":58},[347,78811,78813,78814,78816],{"id":78812},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,78815,14195],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,78818,78819,78820,86],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,78821,14195],{},[20,78823,78824,78825,78827],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,78826,63673],{}," will not do that:",[35,78829,78831],{"className":37,"code":78830,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78832,78833,78865,78883,78887],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78834,78835,78837,78839,78841,78843,78845,78847,78849,78851,78853,78855,78857,78859,78861,78863],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78836,3441],{"class":50},[44,78838,55],{"class":54},[44,78840,2993],{"class":58},[44,78842,236],{"class":235},[44,78844,3459],{"class":239},[44,78846,236],{"class":235},[44,78848,66],{"class":58},[44,78850,247],{"class":235},[44,78852,37713],{"class":239},[44,78854,236],{"class":235},[44,78856,66],{"class":58},[44,78858,247],{"class":235},[44,78860,3450],{"class":239},[44,78862,236],{"class":235},[44,78864,3006],{"class":58},[44,78866,78867,78869,78871,78873,78875,78877,78879,78881],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,78868,3485],{"class":50},[44,78870,86],{"class":58},[44,78872,34151],{"class":89},[44,78874,103],{"class":58},[44,78876,14195],{"class":8546},[44,78878,55],{"class":54},[44,78880,10529],{"class":99},[44,78882,108],{"class":58},[44,78884,78885],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,78886,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,78888,78889,78891,78893,78895],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,78890,100],{"class":99},[44,78892,103],{"class":58},[44,78894,3485],{"class":89},[44,78896,108],{"class":58},[347,78898,78900],{"id":78899},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,78902,78903],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[35,78905,78907],{"className":37,"code":78906,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78908,78909,78943,78953,78957],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78910,78911,78913,78915,78917,78919,78922,78924,78926,78928,78930,78932,78934,78936,78939,78941],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78912,3441],{"class":50},[44,78914,55],{"class":54},[44,78916,2993],{"class":58},[44,78918,236],{"class":235},[44,78920,78921],{"class":239},"zebra",[44,78923,236],{"class":235},[44,78925,66],{"class":58},[44,78927,247],{"class":235},[44,78929,57128],{"class":239},[44,78931,236],{"class":235},[44,78933,66],{"class":58},[44,78935,247],{"class":235},[44,78937,78938],{"class":239},"monkey",[44,78940,236],{"class":235},[44,78942,3006],{"class":58},[44,78944,78945,78947,78949,78951],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,78946,3485],{"class":50},[44,78948,86],{"class":58},[44,78950,34151],{"class":89},[44,78952,93],{"class":58},[44,78954,78955],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,78956,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,78958,78959,78961,78963,78965],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,78960,100],{"class":99},[44,78962,103],{"class":58},[44,78964,3485],{"class":89},[44,78966,108],{"class":58},[20,78968,111],{},[35,78970,78972],{"className":37,"code":78971,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,78973,78974],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78975,78976,78978,78980,78982,78984,78986,78988,78990,78992,78994,78996,78998,79000],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78977,3270],{"class":58},[44,78979,1018],{"class":235},[44,78981,57128],{"class":239},[44,78983,1018],{"class":235},[44,78985,66],{"class":58},[44,78987,1012],{"class":235},[44,78989,78938],{"class":239},[44,78991,1018],{"class":235},[44,78993,66],{"class":58},[44,78995,1012],{"class":235},[44,78997,78921],{"class":239},[44,78999,1018],{"class":235},[44,79001,3006],{"class":58},[20,79003,1462,79004,79006],{},[15,79005,77946],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[347,79008,60071],{"id":60070},[20,79010,79011],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[35,79013,79015],{"className":37,"code":79014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79016,79017,79027,79041,79055,79069],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79018,79019,79021,79023,79025],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79020,100],{"class":99},[44,79022,103],{"class":58},[44,79024,7713],{"class":89},[44,79026,108],{"class":58},[44,79028,79029,79031,79033,79035,79037,79039],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,79030,100],{"class":99},[44,79032,103],{"class":58},[44,79034,985],{"class":121},[44,79036,103],{"class":58},[44,79038,7713],{"class":89},[44,79040,993],{"class":58},[44,79042,79043,79045,79047,79049,79051,79053],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,79044,100],{"class":99},[44,79046,103],{"class":58},[44,79048,7713],{"class":89},[44,79050,86],{"class":58},[44,79052,34151],{"class":89},[44,79054,6566],{"class":58},[44,79056,79057,79059,79061,79063,79065,79067],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,79058,100],{"class":99},[44,79060,103],{"class":58},[44,79062,73875],{"class":99},[44,79064,103],{"class":58},[44,79066,7713],{"class":89},[44,79068,993],{"class":58},[44,79070,79071,79073,79075,79077,79079,79081,79083,79085,79087,79089,79091],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,79072,100],{"class":99},[44,79074,2357],{"class":58},[44,79076,985],{"class":121},[44,79078,103],{"class":58},[44,79080,22658],{"class":89},[44,79082,3032],{"class":58},[44,79084,3246],{"class":3245},[44,79086,5331],{"class":89},[44,79088,3252],{"class":3245},[44,79090,7770],{"class":89},[44,79092,3258],{"class":58},[20,79094,10538],{},[145,79096,79097,79100,79103,79110,79116],{},[148,79098,79099],{},"What values are in the list",[148,79101,79102],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[148,79104,79105,79106,772,79108],{},"That ",[15,79107,63673],{},[15,79109,159],{},[148,79111,79112,79113,79115],{},"Whether ",[15,79114,73785],{}," works better for your case",[148,79117,79118],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79120,79121,79122,79124],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79123,2376],{}," problems.",[131,79126,1196],{"id":1195},[347,79128,1212,79130,54829],{"id":79129},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79131,77228],{},[20,79133,61964,79134,86],{},[15,79135,159],{},[347,79137,1234,79139,342,79141,1239],{"id":79138},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79140,63673],{},[15,79142,73785],{},[20,79144,79145,79147,79148,79150],{},[15,79146,63673],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79149,73785],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[347,79152,79154],{"id":79153},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79156,18042],{},[35,79158,79160],{"className":37,"code":79159,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79161,79162],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79163,79164,79166,79168,79170,79172,79174,79176,79178],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79165,7713],{"class":50},[44,79167,86],{"class":58},[44,79169,34151],{"class":89},[44,79171,103],{"class":58},[44,79173,72938],{"class":8546},[44,79175,55],{"class":54},[44,79177,2974],{"class":692},[44,79179,108],{"class":58},[347,79181,79183],{"id":79182},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79185,18042],{},[35,79187,79189],{"className":37,"code":79188,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79190,79191],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79192,79193,79195,79197,79199,79201,79203,79205,79207,79209,79211],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79194,7713],{"class":50},[44,79196,86],{"class":58},[44,79198,34151],{"class":89},[44,79200,103],{"class":58},[44,79202,14195],{"class":8546},[44,79204,55],{"class":54},[44,79206,2812],{"class":121},[44,79208,86],{"class":58},[44,79210,8014],{"class":24098},[44,79212,108],{"class":58},[20,79214,79215],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[347,79217,79219,79220,79222],{"id":79218},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79221,2376],{}," when sorting?",[20,79224,79225],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[131,79227,1251],{"id":1250},[145,79229,79230,79235,79241,79245],{},[148,79231,79232],{},[167,79233,79234],{"href":77737},"How to sort a list in Python",[148,79236,79237],{},[167,79238,2945,79239,5153],{"href":73882},[15,79240,73785],{},[148,79242,79243],{},[167,79244,66439],{"href":50340},[148,79246,79247],{},[167,79248,78487],{"href":78486},[1294,79250,79251],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":79253},[79254,79255,79257,79258,79259,79260,79262,79264,79275,79285],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":77294,"depth":80,"text":79256},"What list.sort() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":77549,"depth":80,"text":77550},{"id":77741,"depth":80,"text":77742},{"id":78063,"depth":80,"text":79261},"Using the key argument",{"id":78328,"depth":80,"text":79263},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200,"children":79265},[79266,79268,79269,79271,79273,79274],{"id":78497,"depth":96,"text":79267},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":78606,"depth":96,"text":78607},{"id":78658,"depth":96,"text":79270},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":78812,"depth":96,"text":79272},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":78899,"depth":96,"text":78900},{"id":60070,"depth":96,"text":60071},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":79276},[79277,79279,79281,79282,79283],{"id":79129,"depth":96,"text":79278},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79138,"depth":96,"text":79280},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79153,"depth":96,"text":79154},{"id":79182,"depth":96,"text":79183},{"id":79218,"depth":96,"text":79284},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77216,"description":79286},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79293,"title":79294,"body":79295,"description":81926,"extension":1331,"meta":81927,"navigation":268,"path":81928,"seo":81929,"stem":81930,"__hash__":81931},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79296,"toc":81885},[79297,79302,79307,79310,79321,79324,79344,79346,79408,79410,79451,79460,79465,79470,79476,79487,79489,79508,79511,79516,79521,79523,79528,79542,79544,79562,79565,79582,79585,79591,79614,79619,79621,79624,79685,79687,79720,79722,79761,79769,79779,79785,79790,79883,79885,79909,79911,79929,79932,79963,79969,79974,79977,79979,80104,80106,80130,80132,80151,80157,80163,80282,80284,80301,80308,80314,80319,80326,80332,80334,80391,80394,80415,80418,80421,80482,80484,80517,80521,80591,80593,80610,80614,80617,80692,80694,80731,80734,80737,80808,80810,80871,80876,80881,80884,80898,80900,80973,80975,80995,80998,81001,81058,81120,81123,81155,81158,81173,81178,81180,81186,81189,81245,81248,81250,81269,81273,81275,81319,81328,81330,81390,81394,81397,81399,81492,81494,81609,81613,81615,81689,81692,81695,81697,81702,81767,81769,81793,81803,81805,81811,81820,81829,81838,81844,81847,81851,81854,81856,81882],[10,79298,2945,79300,2949],{"id":79299},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79301,39072],{},[20,79303,2952,79304,79306],{},[15,79305,39072],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79308,79309],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[145,79311,79312,79315,79318],{},[148,79313,79314],{},"converting numbers to strings",[148,79316,79317],{},"changing strings to integers",[148,79319,79320],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79322,79323],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[145,79325,79326,79333,79339],{},[148,79327,79328,601,79330,79332],{},[15,79329,39072],{},[30,79331,604],{}," return a list in Python 3",[148,79334,79335,79336],{},"it returns a ",[30,79337,79338],{},"map object",[148,79340,79341,79342],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79343,24129],{},[131,79345,1372],{"id":1371},[35,79347,79349],{"className":37,"code":79348,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79350,79351,79375,79394],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79352,79353,79355,79357,79359,79361,79363,79365,79367,79369,79371,79373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79354,51],{"class":50},[44,79356,55],{"class":54},[44,79358,2993],{"class":58},[44,79360,63],{"class":62},[44,79362,66],{"class":58},[44,79364,69],{"class":62},[44,79366,66],{"class":58},[44,79368,74],{"class":62},[44,79370,66],{"class":58},[44,79372,1827],{"class":62},[44,79374,3006],{"class":58},[44,79376,79377,79379,79381,79384,79386,79388,79390,79392],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,79378,644],{"class":50},[44,79380,55],{"class":54},[44,79382,79383],{"class":99}," map",[44,79385,103],{"class":58},[44,79387,2812],{"class":121},[44,79389,66],{"class":58},[44,79391,649],{"class":89},[44,79393,108],{"class":58},[44,79395,79396,79398,79400,79402,79404,79406],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,79397,100],{"class":99},[44,79399,103],{"class":58},[44,79401,7467],{"class":121},[44,79403,103],{"class":58},[44,79405,668],{"class":89},[44,79407,993],{"class":58},[20,79409,111],{},[35,79411,79413],{"className":37,"code":79412,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79414,79415],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79416,79417,79419,79421,79423,79425,79427,79429,79431,79433,79435,79437,79439,79441,79443,79445,79447,79449],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79418,3270],{"class":58},[44,79420,1018],{"class":235},[44,79422,63],{"class":239},[44,79424,1018],{"class":235},[44,79426,66],{"class":58},[44,79428,1012],{"class":235},[44,79430,1426],{"class":239},[44,79432,1018],{"class":235},[44,79434,66],{"class":58},[44,79436,1012],{"class":235},[44,79438,1432],{"class":239},[44,79440,1018],{"class":235},[44,79442,66],{"class":58},[44,79444,1012],{"class":235},[44,79446,1875],{"class":239},[44,79448,1018],{"class":235},[44,79450,3006],{"class":58},[20,79452,1462,79453,79456,79457,79459],{},[15,79454,79455],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79458,24129],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[131,79461,134,79463,137],{"id":79462},"what-map-does",[15,79464,39072],{},[20,79466,79467,79469],{},[15,79468,39072],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79471,79472,79473,79475],{},"An ",[30,79474,3091],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[145,79477,79478,79480,79482,79484],{},[148,79479,37256],{},[148,79481,37259],{},[148,79483,37262],{},[148,79485,79486],{},"a range object",[20,79488,30074],{},[35,79490,79492],{"className":37,"code":79491,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,79493,79494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79495,79496,79498,79500,79502,79504,79506],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79497,39215],{"class":99},[44,79499,103],{"class":58},[44,79501,37215],{"class":89},[44,79503,66],{"class":58},[44,79505,37220],{"class":89},[44,79507,108],{"class":58},[20,79509,79510],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,79512,79513,79514,33092],{},"Important: the result is a ",[30,79515,79338],{},[20,79517,79518,79519,86],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[167,79520,4507],{"href":4506},[131,79522,175],{"id":174},[20,79524,79525,79527],{},[15,79526,39072],{}," needs at least two parts:",[145,79529,79530,79536],{},[148,79531,79532,79535],{},[30,79533,79534],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[148,79537,79538,79541],{},[30,79539,79540],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,79543,3077],{},[35,79545,79546],{"className":37,"code":79491,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,79547,79548],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79549,79550,79552,79554,79556,79558,79560],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79551,39215],{"class":99},[44,79553,103],{"class":58},[44,79555,37215],{"class":89},[44,79557,66],{"class":58},[44,79559,37220],{"class":89},[44,79561,108],{"class":58},[20,79563,79564],{},"You can pass:",[145,79566,79567,79576,79579],{},[148,79568,79569,79570,1559,79572,1563,79574],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,79571,2812],{},[15,79573,1558],{},[15,79575,1386],{},[148,79577,79578],{},"your own custom function",[148,79580,79581],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,79583,79584],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,79586,79587,79588,79590],{},"You will often see ",[15,79589,39072],{}," used like this:",[35,79592,79594],{"className":37,"code":79593,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,79595,79596],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79597,79598,79600,79602,79604,79606,79608,79610,79612],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79599,7467],{"class":121},[44,79601,103],{"class":58},[44,79603,39215],{"class":99},[44,79605,103],{"class":58},[44,79607,37215],{"class":89},[44,79609,66],{"class":58},[44,79611,3255],{"class":89},[44,79613,993],{"class":58},[20,79615,6048,79616,79618],{},[15,79617,24129],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[131,79620,215],{"id":214},[20,79622,79623],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[35,79625,79627],{"className":37,"code":79626,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79628,79629,79649,79667,79671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79630,79631,79633,79635,79637,79639,79641,79643,79645,79647],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79632,51],{"class":50},[44,79634,55],{"class":54},[44,79636,2993],{"class":58},[44,79638,1701],{"class":62},[44,79640,66],{"class":58},[44,79642,7163],{"class":62},[44,79644,66],{"class":58},[44,79646,7168],{"class":62},[44,79648,3006],{"class":58},[44,79650,79651,79653,79655,79657,79659,79661,79663,79665],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,79652,644],{"class":50},[44,79654,55],{"class":54},[44,79656,79383],{"class":99},[44,79658,103],{"class":58},[44,79660,2812],{"class":121},[44,79662,66],{"class":58},[44,79664,649],{"class":89},[44,79666,108],{"class":58},[44,79668,79669],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,79670,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,79672,79673,79675,79677,79679,79681,79683],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,79674,100],{"class":99},[44,79676,103],{"class":58},[44,79678,7467],{"class":121},[44,79680,103],{"class":58},[44,79682,668],{"class":89},[44,79684,993],{"class":58},[20,79686,111],{},[35,79688,79690],{"className":37,"code":79689,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,79691,79692],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79693,79694,79696,79698,79700,79702,79704,79706,79708,79710,79712,79714,79716,79718],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79695,3270],{"class":58},[44,79697,1018],{"class":235},[44,79699,1701],{"class":239},[44,79701,1018],{"class":235},[44,79703,66],{"class":58},[44,79705,1012],{"class":235},[44,79707,15105],{"class":239},[44,79709,1018],{"class":235},[44,79711,66],{"class":58},[44,79713,1012],{"class":235},[44,79715,36195],{"class":239},[44,79717,1018],{"class":235},[44,79719,3006],{"class":58},[20,79721,311],{},[145,79723,79724,79729,79737,79745,79753],{},[148,79725,79726,79728],{},[15,79727,83],{}," contains integers",[148,79730,79731,79734,79735],{},[15,79732,79733],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,79736,47043],{},[148,79738,79739,41512,79742],{},[15,79740,79741],{},"str(10)",[15,79743,79744],{},"'10'",[148,79746,79747,41512,79750],{},[15,79748,79749],{},"str(20)",[15,79751,79752],{},"'20'",[148,79754,79755,41512,79758],{},[15,79756,79757],{},"str(30)",[15,79759,79760],{},"'30'",[20,79762,53015,79763,79765,79766,79768],{},[15,79764,39072],{}," applies ",[15,79767,47043],{}," one item at a time.",[20,79770,79771,79772,79774,79775,86],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,79773,24129],{}," better, see ",[167,79776,2945,79777,2878],{"href":64209},[15,79778,24129],{},[131,79780,350,79782,79784],{"id":79781},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,79783,39072],{}," with your own function",[20,79786,15065,79787,79789],{},[15,79788,39072],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[35,79791,79793],{"className":37,"code":79792,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79794,79795,79808,79818,79822,79846,79865,79869],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79796,79797,79799,79802,79804,79806],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79798,34203],{"class":1008},[44,79800,79801],{"class":34206}," double",[44,79803,103],{"class":58},[44,79805,1104],{"class":37017},[44,79807,7716],{"class":58},[44,79809,79810,79812,79814,79816],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,79811,34214],{"class":3245},[44,79813,3249],{"class":50},[44,79815,39228],{"class":54},[44,79817,44948],{"class":62},[44,79819,79820],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,79821,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,79823,79824,79826,79828,79830,79832,79834,79836,79838,79840,79842,79844],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,79825,51],{"class":50},[44,79827,55],{"class":54},[44,79829,2993],{"class":58},[44,79831,63],{"class":62},[44,79833,66],{"class":58},[44,79835,69],{"class":62},[44,79837,66],{"class":58},[44,79839,74],{"class":62},[44,79841,66],{"class":58},[44,79843,1827],{"class":62},[44,79845,3006],{"class":58},[44,79847,79848,79850,79852,79854,79856,79859,79861,79863],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,79849,644],{"class":50},[44,79851,55],{"class":54},[44,79853,79383],{"class":99},[44,79855,103],{"class":58},[44,79857,79858],{"class":89},"double",[44,79860,66],{"class":58},[44,79862,649],{"class":89},[44,79864,108],{"class":58},[44,79866,79867],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,79868,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,79870,79871,79873,79875,79877,79879,79881],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,79872,100],{"class":99},[44,79874,103],{"class":58},[44,79876,7467],{"class":121},[44,79878,103],{"class":58},[44,79880,668],{"class":89},[44,79882,993],{"class":58},[20,79884,111],{},[35,79886,79887],{"className":37,"code":39241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,79888,79889],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79890,79891,79893,79895,79897,79899,79901,79903,79905,79907],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79892,3270],{"class":58},[44,79894,1426],{"class":62},[44,79896,66],{"class":58},[44,79898,1827],{"class":62},[44,79900,66],{"class":58},[44,79902,36998],{"class":62},[44,79904,66],{"class":58},[44,79906,5730],{"class":62},[44,79908,3006],{"class":58},[20,79910,64946],{},[145,79912,79913,79920,79926],{},[148,79914,79915,79917,79918],{},[15,79916,39072],{}," takes the function ",[15,79919,79858],{},[148,79921,79922,79923,79925],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,79924,83],{}," into that function",[148,79927,79928],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,79930,79931],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[145,79933,79934,79941,79948,79956],{},[148,79935,79936,5443,79939],{},[15,79937,79938],{},"double(1)",[15,79940,1426],{},[148,79942,79943,5443,79946],{},[15,79944,79945],{},"double(2)",[15,79947,1875],{},[148,79949,79950,5443,79953],{},[15,79951,79952],{},"double(3)",[15,79954,79955],{},"6",[148,79957,79958,5443,79961],{},[15,79959,79960],{},"double(4)",[15,79962,1716],{},[131,79964,350,79966,79968],{"id":79965},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,79967,39072],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,79970,79971,79973],{},[15,79972,39072],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,79975,79976],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,79978,1578],{},[35,79980,79982],{"className":37,"code":79981,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79983,79984,80001,80011,80015,80036,80057,80061,80086,80090],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79985,79986,79988,79991,79993,79995,79997,79999],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79987,34203],{"class":1008},[44,79989,79990],{"class":34206}," add_numbers",[44,79992,103],{"class":58},[44,79994,167],{"class":37017},[44,79996,66],{"class":58},[44,79998,1929],{"class":37017},[44,80000,7716],{"class":58},[44,80002,80003,80005,80007,80009],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,80004,34214],{"class":3245},[44,80006,43903],{"class":50},[44,80008,1429],{"class":54},[44,80010,35535],{"class":50},[44,80012,80013],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,80014,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,80016,80017,80020,80022,80024,80026,80028,80030,80032,80034],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,80018,80019],{"class":50},"list1 ",[44,80021,55],{"class":54},[44,80023,2993],{"class":58},[44,80025,63],{"class":62},[44,80027,66],{"class":58},[44,80029,69],{"class":62},[44,80031,66],{"class":58},[44,80033,74],{"class":62},[44,80035,3006],{"class":58},[44,80037,80038,80041,80043,80045,80047,80049,80051,80053,80055],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,80039,80040],{"class":50},"list2 ",[44,80042,55],{"class":54},[44,80044,2993],{"class":58},[44,80046,1701],{"class":62},[44,80048,66],{"class":58},[44,80050,7163],{"class":62},[44,80052,66],{"class":58},[44,80054,7168],{"class":62},[44,80056,3006],{"class":58},[44,80058,80059],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,80060,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,80062,80063,80065,80067,80069,80071,80074,80076,80079,80081,80084],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,80064,644],{"class":50},[44,80066,55],{"class":54},[44,80068,79383],{"class":99},[44,80070,103],{"class":58},[44,80072,80073],{"class":89},"add_numbers",[44,80075,66],{"class":58},[44,80077,80078],{"class":89}," list1",[44,80080,66],{"class":58},[44,80082,80083],{"class":89}," list2",[44,80085,108],{"class":58},[44,80087,80088],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,80089,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,80091,80092,80094,80096,80098,80100,80102],{"class":46,"line":5802},[44,80093,100],{"class":99},[44,80095,103],{"class":58},[44,80097,7467],{"class":121},[44,80099,103],{"class":58},[44,80101,668],{"class":89},[44,80103,993],{"class":58},[20,80105,111],{},[35,80107,80109],{"className":37,"code":80108,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80110,80111],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80112,80113,80115,80118,80120,80123,80125,80128],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80114,3270],{"class":58},[44,80116,80117],{"class":62},"11",[44,80119,66],{"class":58},[44,80121,80122],{"class":62}," 22",[44,80124,66],{"class":58},[44,80126,80127],{"class":62}," 33",[44,80129,3006],{"class":58},[20,80131,1548],{},[145,80133,80134,80140,80146],{},[148,80135,80136,80137],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80138,80139],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[148,80141,80142,80143],{},"then ",[15,80144,80145],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[148,80147,80142,80148],{},[15,80149,80150],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[347,80152,80154,80156],{"id":80153},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80155,39072],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80158,80159,80160,80162],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80161,39072],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[35,80164,80166],{"className":37,"code":80165,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80167,80168,80184,80194,80198,80222,80238,80242,80264,80268],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80169,80170,80172,80174,80176,80178,80180,80182],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80171,34203],{"class":1008},[44,80173,79990],{"class":34206},[44,80175,103],{"class":58},[44,80177,167],{"class":37017},[44,80179,66],{"class":58},[44,80181,1929],{"class":37017},[44,80183,7716],{"class":58},[44,80185,80186,80188,80190,80192],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,80187,34214],{"class":3245},[44,80189,43903],{"class":50},[44,80191,1429],{"class":54},[44,80193,35535],{"class":50},[44,80195,80196],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,80197,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,80199,80200,80202,80204,80206,80208,80210,80212,80214,80216,80218,80220],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,80201,80019],{"class":50},[44,80203,55],{"class":54},[44,80205,2993],{"class":58},[44,80207,63],{"class":62},[44,80209,66],{"class":58},[44,80211,69],{"class":62},[44,80213,66],{"class":58},[44,80215,74],{"class":62},[44,80217,66],{"class":58},[44,80219,1827],{"class":62},[44,80221,3006],{"class":58},[44,80223,80224,80226,80228,80230,80232,80234,80236],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,80225,80040],{"class":50},[44,80227,55],{"class":54},[44,80229,2993],{"class":58},[44,80231,1701],{"class":62},[44,80233,66],{"class":58},[44,80235,7163],{"class":62},[44,80237,3006],{"class":58},[44,80239,80240],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,80241,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,80243,80244,80246,80248,80250,80252,80254,80256,80258,80260,80262],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,80245,644],{"class":50},[44,80247,55],{"class":54},[44,80249,79383],{"class":99},[44,80251,103],{"class":58},[44,80253,80073],{"class":89},[44,80255,66],{"class":58},[44,80257,80078],{"class":89},[44,80259,66],{"class":58},[44,80261,80083],{"class":89},[44,80263,108],{"class":58},[44,80265,80266],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,80267,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,80269,80270,80272,80274,80276,80278,80280],{"class":46,"line":5802},[44,80271,100],{"class":99},[44,80273,103],{"class":58},[44,80275,7467],{"class":121},[44,80277,103],{"class":58},[44,80279,668],{"class":89},[44,80281,993],{"class":58},[20,80283,111],{},[35,80285,80287],{"className":37,"code":80286,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80288,80289],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80290,80291,80293,80295,80297,80299],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80292,3270],{"class":58},[44,80294,80117],{"class":62},[44,80296,66],{"class":58},[44,80298,80122],{"class":62},[44,80300,3006],{"class":58},[20,80302,80303,80304,80307],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80305,80306],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[131,80309,80311,80313],{"id":80310},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80312,39072],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80315,37378,80316,80318],{},[15,80317,39072],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80320,80321,80322,80325],{},"This object is ",[30,80323,80324],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[347,80327,1859,80329,80331],{"id":80328},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80330,32377],{}," looks strange",[20,80333,32993],{},[35,80335,80337],{"className":37,"code":80336,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80338,80339,80359,80377,80381],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80340,80341,80343,80345,80347,80349,80351,80353,80355,80357],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80342,51],{"class":50},[44,80344,55],{"class":54},[44,80346,2993],{"class":58},[44,80348,63],{"class":62},[44,80350,66],{"class":58},[44,80352,69],{"class":62},[44,80354,66],{"class":58},[44,80356,74],{"class":62},[44,80358,3006],{"class":58},[44,80360,80361,80363,80365,80367,80369,80371,80373,80375],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,80362,644],{"class":50},[44,80364,55],{"class":54},[44,80366,79383],{"class":99},[44,80368,103],{"class":58},[44,80370,2812],{"class":121},[44,80372,66],{"class":58},[44,80374,649],{"class":89},[44,80376,108],{"class":58},[44,80378,80379],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,80380,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,80382,80383,80385,80387,80389],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,80384,100],{"class":99},[44,80386,103],{"class":58},[44,80388,668],{"class":89},[44,80390,108],{"class":58},[20,80392,80393],{},"Output will look something like this:",[35,80395,80397],{"className":37,"code":80396,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80398,80399],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80400,80401,80403,80405,80407,80409,80411,80413],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80402,1005],{"class":54},[44,80404,39215],{"class":99},[44,80406,23965],{"class":121},[44,80408,36718],{"class":50},[44,80410,36722],{"class":36721},[44,80412,36725],{"class":33804},[44,80414,1021],{"class":54},[20,80416,80417],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80419,80420],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[35,80422,80424],{"className":37,"code":80423,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80425,80426,80446,80464,80468],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80427,80428,80430,80432,80434,80436,80438,80440,80442,80444],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80429,51],{"class":50},[44,80431,55],{"class":54},[44,80433,2993],{"class":58},[44,80435,63],{"class":62},[44,80437,66],{"class":58},[44,80439,69],{"class":62},[44,80441,66],{"class":58},[44,80443,74],{"class":62},[44,80445,3006],{"class":58},[44,80447,80448,80450,80452,80454,80456,80458,80460,80462],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,80449,644],{"class":50},[44,80451,55],{"class":54},[44,80453,79383],{"class":99},[44,80455,103],{"class":58},[44,80457,2812],{"class":121},[44,80459,66],{"class":58},[44,80461,649],{"class":89},[44,80463,108],{"class":58},[44,80465,80466],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,80467,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,80469,80470,80472,80474,80476,80478,80480],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,80471,100],{"class":99},[44,80473,103],{"class":58},[44,80475,7467],{"class":121},[44,80477,103],{"class":58},[44,80479,668],{"class":89},[44,80481,993],{"class":58},[20,80483,111],{},[35,80485,80487],{"className":37,"code":80486,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80488,80489],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80490,80491,80493,80495,80497,80499,80501,80503,80505,80507,80509,80511,80513,80515],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80492,3270],{"class":58},[44,80494,1018],{"class":235},[44,80496,63],{"class":239},[44,80498,1018],{"class":235},[44,80500,66],{"class":58},[44,80502,1012],{"class":235},[44,80504,1426],{"class":239},[44,80506,1018],{"class":235},[44,80508,66],{"class":58},[44,80510,1012],{"class":235},[44,80512,1432],{"class":239},[44,80514,1018],{"class":235},[44,80516,3006],{"class":58},[347,80518,80520],{"id":80519},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[35,80522,80524],{"className":37,"code":80523,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,80525,80526,80546,80564,80568,80581],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80527,80528,80530,80532,80534,80536,80538,80540,80542,80544],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80529,51],{"class":50},[44,80531,55],{"class":54},[44,80533,2993],{"class":58},[44,80535,63],{"class":62},[44,80537,66],{"class":58},[44,80539,69],{"class":62},[44,80541,66],{"class":58},[44,80543,74],{"class":62},[44,80545,3006],{"class":58},[44,80547,80548,80550,80552,80554,80556,80558,80560,80562],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,80549,644],{"class":50},[44,80551,55],{"class":54},[44,80553,79383],{"class":99},[44,80555,103],{"class":58},[44,80557,2812],{"class":121},[44,80559,66],{"class":58},[44,80561,649],{"class":89},[44,80563,108],{"class":58},[44,80565,80566],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,80567,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,80569,80570,80572,80574,80576,80579],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,80571,5328],{"class":3245},[44,80573,5331],{"class":50},[44,80575,3252],{"class":3245},[44,80577,80578],{"class":50}," result",[44,80580,5764],{"class":58},[44,80582,80583,80585,80587,80589],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,80584,7442],{"class":99},[44,80586,103],{"class":58},[44,80588,22658],{"class":89},[44,80590,108],{"class":58},[20,80592,111],{},[35,80594,80596],{"className":37,"code":80595,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,80597,80598,80602,80606],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80599,80600],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80601,46276],{"class":62},[44,80603,80604],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,80605,16406],{"class":62},[44,80607,80608],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,80609,45976],{"class":62},[347,80611,80613],{"id":80612},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,80615,80616],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[35,80618,80620],{"className":37,"code":80619,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80621,80622,80642,80660,80664,80678],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80623,80624,80626,80628,80630,80632,80634,80636,80638,80640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80625,51],{"class":50},[44,80627,55],{"class":54},[44,80629,2993],{"class":58},[44,80631,63],{"class":62},[44,80633,66],{"class":58},[44,80635,69],{"class":62},[44,80637,66],{"class":58},[44,80639,74],{"class":62},[44,80641,3006],{"class":58},[44,80643,80644,80646,80648,80650,80652,80654,80656,80658],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,80645,644],{"class":50},[44,80647,55],{"class":54},[44,80649,79383],{"class":99},[44,80651,103],{"class":58},[44,80653,2812],{"class":121},[44,80655,66],{"class":58},[44,80657,649],{"class":89},[44,80659,108],{"class":58},[44,80661,80662],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,80663,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,80665,80666,80668,80670,80672,80674,80676],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,80667,100],{"class":99},[44,80669,103],{"class":58},[44,80671,7467],{"class":121},[44,80673,103],{"class":58},[44,80675,668],{"class":89},[44,80677,993],{"class":58},[44,80679,80680,80682,80684,80686,80688,80690],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,80681,100],{"class":99},[44,80683,103],{"class":58},[44,80685,7467],{"class":121},[44,80687,103],{"class":58},[44,80689,668],{"class":89},[44,80691,993],{"class":58},[20,80693,111],{},[35,80695,80697],{"className":37,"code":80696,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,80698,80699,80727],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80700,80701,80703,80705,80707,80709,80711,80713,80715,80717,80719,80721,80723,80725],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80702,3270],{"class":58},[44,80704,1018],{"class":235},[44,80706,63],{"class":239},[44,80708,1018],{"class":235},[44,80710,66],{"class":58},[44,80712,1012],{"class":235},[44,80714,1426],{"class":239},[44,80716,1018],{"class":235},[44,80718,66],{"class":58},[44,80720,1012],{"class":235},[44,80722,1432],{"class":239},[44,80724,1018],{"class":235},[44,80726,3006],{"class":58},[44,80728,80729],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,80730,37652],{"class":58},[20,80732,80733],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,80735,80736],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[35,80738,80740],{"className":37,"code":80739,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,80741,80742,80762,80784,80788,80798],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80743,80744,80746,80748,80750,80752,80754,80756,80758,80760],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80745,51],{"class":50},[44,80747,55],{"class":54},[44,80749,2993],{"class":58},[44,80751,63],{"class":62},[44,80753,66],{"class":58},[44,80755,69],{"class":62},[44,80757,66],{"class":58},[44,80759,74],{"class":62},[44,80761,3006],{"class":58},[44,80763,80764,80766,80768,80770,80772,80774,80776,80778,80780,80782],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,80765,644],{"class":50},[44,80767,55],{"class":54},[44,80769,21907],{"class":121},[44,80771,103],{"class":58},[44,80773,39215],{"class":99},[44,80775,103],{"class":58},[44,80777,2812],{"class":121},[44,80779,66],{"class":58},[44,80781,649],{"class":89},[44,80783,993],{"class":58},[44,80785,80786],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,80787,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,80789,80790,80792,80794,80796],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,80791,100],{"class":99},[44,80793,103],{"class":58},[44,80795,668],{"class":89},[44,80797,108],{"class":58},[44,80799,80800,80802,80804,80806],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,80801,100],{"class":99},[44,80803,103],{"class":58},[44,80805,668],{"class":89},[44,80807,108],{"class":58},[20,80809,111],{},[35,80811,80813],{"className":37,"code":80812,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80814,80815,80843],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80816,80817,80819,80821,80823,80825,80827,80829,80831,80833,80835,80837,80839,80841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80818,3270],{"class":58},[44,80820,1018],{"class":235},[44,80822,63],{"class":239},[44,80824,1018],{"class":235},[44,80826,66],{"class":58},[44,80828,1012],{"class":235},[44,80830,1426],{"class":239},[44,80832,1018],{"class":235},[44,80834,66],{"class":58},[44,80836,1012],{"class":235},[44,80838,1432],{"class":239},[44,80840,1018],{"class":235},[44,80842,3006],{"class":58},[44,80844,80845,80847,80849,80851,80853,80855,80857,80859,80861,80863,80865,80867,80869],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,80846,3270],{"class":58},[44,80848,1018],{"class":235},[44,80850,63],{"class":239},[44,80852,1018],{"class":235},[44,80854,66],{"class":58},[44,80856,1012],{"class":235},[44,80858,1426],{"class":239},[44,80860,1018],{"class":235},[44,80862,66],{"class":58},[44,80864,1012],{"class":235},[44,80866,1432],{"class":239},[44,80868,1018],{"class":235},[44,80870,3006],{"class":58},[131,80872,4331,80874],{"id":80873},"when-to-use-map",[15,80875,39072],{},[20,80877,80878,80880],{},[15,80879,39072],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,80882,80883],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[145,80885,80886,80890,80894],{},[148,80887,80888],{},[15,80889,2812],{},[148,80891,80892],{},[15,80893,1558],{},[148,80895,80896],{},[15,80897,1386],{},[20,80899,1578],{},[35,80901,80903],{"className":37,"code":80902,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,80904,80905,80937,80959,80963],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80906,80907,80909,80911,80913,80915,80917,80919,80921,80923,80925,80927,80929,80931,80933,80935],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80908,3191],{"class":50},[44,80910,55],{"class":54},[44,80912,2993],{"class":58},[44,80914,1018],{"class":235},[44,80916,63],{"class":239},[44,80918,1018],{"class":235},[44,80920,66],{"class":58},[44,80922,1012],{"class":235},[44,80924,1426],{"class":239},[44,80926,1018],{"class":235},[44,80928,66],{"class":58},[44,80930,1012],{"class":235},[44,80932,1432],{"class":239},[44,80934,1018],{"class":235},[44,80936,3006],{"class":58},[44,80938,80939,80941,80943,80945,80947,80949,80951,80953,80955,80957],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,80940,51],{"class":50},[44,80942,55],{"class":54},[44,80944,21907],{"class":121},[44,80946,103],{"class":58},[44,80948,39215],{"class":99},[44,80950,103],{"class":58},[44,80952,1558],{"class":121},[44,80954,66],{"class":58},[44,80956,3255],{"class":89},[44,80958,993],{"class":58},[44,80960,80961],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,80962,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,80964,80965,80967,80969,80971],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,80966,100],{"class":99},[44,80968,103],{"class":58},[44,80970,83],{"class":89},[44,80972,108],{"class":58},[20,80974,111],{},[35,80976,80977],{"className":37,"code":54510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,80978,80979],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80980,80981,80983,80985,80987,80989,80991,80993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80982,3270],{"class":58},[44,80984,63],{"class":62},[44,80986,66],{"class":58},[44,80988,69],{"class":62},[44,80990,66],{"class":58},[44,80992,74],{"class":62},[44,80994,3006],{"class":58},[20,80996,80997],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,80999,81000],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[35,81002,81004],{"className":37,"code":81003,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81005,81006,81026,81048],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81007,81008,81010,81012,81014,81016,81018,81020,81022,81024],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81009,51],{"class":50},[44,81011,55],{"class":54},[44,81013,2993],{"class":58},[44,81015,63],{"class":62},[44,81017,66],{"class":58},[44,81019,69],{"class":62},[44,81021,66],{"class":58},[44,81023,74],{"class":62},[44,81025,3006],{"class":58},[44,81027,81028,81030,81032,81034,81036,81038,81040,81042,81044,81046],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,81029,644],{"class":50},[44,81031,55],{"class":54},[44,81033,21907],{"class":121},[44,81035,103],{"class":58},[44,81037,39215],{"class":99},[44,81039,103],{"class":58},[44,81041,2812],{"class":121},[44,81043,66],{"class":58},[44,81045,649],{"class":89},[44,81047,993],{"class":58},[44,81049,81050,81052,81054,81056],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,81051,100],{"class":99},[44,81053,103],{"class":58},[44,81055,668],{"class":89},[44,81057,108],{"class":58},[35,81059,81061],{"className":37,"code":81060,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81062,81063,81083,81110],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81064,81065,81067,81069,81071,81073,81075,81077,81079,81081],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81066,51],{"class":50},[44,81068,55],{"class":54},[44,81070,2993],{"class":58},[44,81072,63],{"class":62},[44,81074,66],{"class":58},[44,81076,69],{"class":62},[44,81078,66],{"class":58},[44,81080,74],{"class":62},[44,81082,3006],{"class":58},[44,81084,81085,81087,81089,81091,81093,81095,81097,81099,81101,81104,81106,81108],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,81086,644],{"class":50},[44,81088,55],{"class":54},[44,81090,2993],{"class":58},[44,81092,2812],{"class":121},[44,81094,103],{"class":58},[44,81096,75391],{"class":89},[44,81098,3032],{"class":58},[44,81100,3246],{"class":3245},[44,81102,81103],{"class":50}," n ",[44,81105,3252],{"class":3245},[44,81107,649],{"class":50},[44,81109,3006],{"class":58},[44,81111,81112,81114,81116,81118],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,81113,100],{"class":99},[44,81115,103],{"class":58},[44,81117,668],{"class":89},[44,81119,108],{"class":58},[20,81121,81122],{},"Both produce:",[35,81124,81125],{"className":37,"code":80486,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81126,81127],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81128,81129,81131,81133,81135,81137,81139,81141,81143,81145,81147,81149,81151,81153],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81130,3270],{"class":58},[44,81132,1018],{"class":235},[44,81134,63],{"class":239},[44,81136,1018],{"class":235},[44,81138,66],{"class":58},[44,81140,1012],{"class":235},[44,81142,1426],{"class":239},[44,81144,1018],{"class":235},[44,81146,66],{"class":58},[44,81148,1012],{"class":235},[44,81150,1432],{"class":239},[44,81152,1018],{"class":235},[44,81154,3006],{"class":58},[20,81156,81157],{},"A simple rule:",[145,81159,81160,81165,81170],{},[148,81161,39346,81162,81164],{},[15,81163,39072],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[148,81166,39352,81167,81169],{},[15,81168,5328],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[148,81171,81172],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81174,81175,81176,86],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[167,81177,3764],{"href":3763},[131,81179,784],{"id":783},[347,81181,81183,81184],{"id":81182},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81185,24129],{},[20,81187,81188],{},"This is very common:",[35,81190,81191],{"className":37,"code":80336,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81192,81193,81213,81231,81235],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81194,81195,81197,81199,81201,81203,81205,81207,81209,81211],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81196,51],{"class":50},[44,81198,55],{"class":54},[44,81200,2993],{"class":58},[44,81202,63],{"class":62},[44,81204,66],{"class":58},[44,81206,69],{"class":62},[44,81208,66],{"class":58},[44,81210,74],{"class":62},[44,81212,3006],{"class":58},[44,81214,81215,81217,81219,81221,81223,81225,81227,81229],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,81216,644],{"class":50},[44,81218,55],{"class":54},[44,81220,79383],{"class":99},[44,81222,103],{"class":58},[44,81224,2812],{"class":121},[44,81226,66],{"class":58},[44,81228,649],{"class":89},[44,81230,108],{"class":58},[44,81232,81233],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,81234,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,81236,81237,81239,81241,81243],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,81238,100],{"class":99},[44,81240,103],{"class":58},[44,81242,668],{"class":89},[44,81244,108],{"class":58},[20,81246,81247],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81249,38617],{},[35,81251,81253],{"className":37,"code":81252,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81254,81255],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81256,81257,81259,81261,81263,81265,81267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81258,100],{"class":99},[44,81260,103],{"class":58},[44,81262,7467],{"class":121},[44,81264,103],{"class":58},[44,81266,668],{"class":89},[44,81268,993],{"class":58},[347,81270,81272],{"id":81271},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81274,798],{},[35,81276,81278],{"className":37,"code":81277,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81279,81280,81300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81281,81282,81284,81286,81288,81290,81292,81294,81296,81298],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81283,51],{"class":50},[44,81285,55],{"class":54},[44,81287,2993],{"class":58},[44,81289,63],{"class":62},[44,81291,66],{"class":58},[44,81293,69],{"class":62},[44,81295,66],{"class":58},[44,81297,74],{"class":62},[44,81299,3006],{"class":58},[44,81301,81302,81304,81306,81308,81310,81312,81315,81317],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,81303,644],{"class":50},[44,81305,55],{"class":54},[44,81307,79383],{"class":99},[44,81309,103],{"class":58},[44,81311,2812],{"class":121},[44,81313,81314],{"class":58},"(),",[44,81316,649],{"class":89},[44,81318,108],{"class":58},[20,81320,81321,81322,81324,81325,81327],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81323,47043],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81326,39072],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81329,862],{},[35,81331,81332],{"className":37,"code":80423,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81333,81334,81354,81372,81376],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81335,81336,81338,81340,81342,81344,81346,81348,81350,81352],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81337,51],{"class":50},[44,81339,55],{"class":54},[44,81341,2993],{"class":58},[44,81343,63],{"class":62},[44,81345,66],{"class":58},[44,81347,69],{"class":62},[44,81349,66],{"class":58},[44,81351,74],{"class":62},[44,81353,3006],{"class":58},[44,81355,81356,81358,81360,81362,81364,81366,81368,81370],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,81357,644],{"class":50},[44,81359,55],{"class":54},[44,81361,79383],{"class":99},[44,81363,103],{"class":58},[44,81365,2812],{"class":121},[44,81367,66],{"class":58},[44,81369,649],{"class":89},[44,81371,108],{"class":58},[44,81373,81374],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,81375,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,81377,81378,81380,81382,81384,81386,81388],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,81379,100],{"class":99},[44,81381,103],{"class":58},[44,81383,7467],{"class":121},[44,81385,103],{"class":58},[44,81387,668],{"class":89},[44,81389,993],{"class":58},[347,81391,81393],{"id":81392},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81395,81396],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81398,798],{},[35,81400,81402],{"className":37,"code":81401,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81403,81404,81421,81431,81435,81455,81474,81478],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81405,81406,81408,81411,81413,81415,81417,81419],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81407,34203],{"class":1008},[44,81409,81410],{"class":34206}," add",[44,81412,103],{"class":58},[44,81414,167],{"class":37017},[44,81416,66],{"class":58},[44,81418,1929],{"class":37017},[44,81420,7716],{"class":58},[44,81422,81423,81425,81427,81429],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,81424,34214],{"class":3245},[44,81426,43903],{"class":50},[44,81428,1429],{"class":54},[44,81430,35535],{"class":50},[44,81432,81433],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,81434,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,81436,81437,81439,81441,81443,81445,81447,81449,81451,81453],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,81438,51],{"class":50},[44,81440,55],{"class":54},[44,81442,2993],{"class":58},[44,81444,63],{"class":62},[44,81446,66],{"class":58},[44,81448,69],{"class":62},[44,81450,66],{"class":58},[44,81452,74],{"class":62},[44,81454,3006],{"class":58},[44,81456,81457,81459,81461,81463,81465,81468,81470,81472],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,81458,644],{"class":50},[44,81460,55],{"class":54},[44,81462,79383],{"class":99},[44,81464,103],{"class":58},[44,81466,81467],{"class":89},"add",[44,81469,66],{"class":58},[44,81471,649],{"class":89},[44,81473,108],{"class":58},[44,81475,81476],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,81477,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,81479,81480,81482,81484,81486,81488,81490],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,81481,100],{"class":99},[44,81483,103],{"class":58},[44,81485,7467],{"class":121},[44,81487,103],{"class":58},[44,81489,668],{"class":89},[44,81491,993],{"class":58},[20,81493,862],{},[35,81495,81497],{"className":37,"code":81496,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81498,81499,81515,81525,81529,81549,81569,81591,81595],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81500,81501,81503,81505,81507,81509,81511,81513],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81502,34203],{"class":1008},[44,81504,81410],{"class":34206},[44,81506,103],{"class":58},[44,81508,167],{"class":37017},[44,81510,66],{"class":58},[44,81512,1929],{"class":37017},[44,81514,7716],{"class":58},[44,81516,81517,81519,81521,81523],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,81518,34214],{"class":3245},[44,81520,43903],{"class":50},[44,81522,1429],{"class":54},[44,81524,35535],{"class":50},[44,81526,81527],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,81528,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,81530,81531,81533,81535,81537,81539,81541,81543,81545,81547],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,81532,80019],{"class":50},[44,81534,55],{"class":54},[44,81536,2993],{"class":58},[44,81538,63],{"class":62},[44,81540,66],{"class":58},[44,81542,69],{"class":62},[44,81544,66],{"class":58},[44,81546,74],{"class":62},[44,81548,3006],{"class":58},[44,81550,81551,81553,81555,81557,81559,81561,81563,81565,81567],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,81552,80040],{"class":50},[44,81554,55],{"class":54},[44,81556,2993],{"class":58},[44,81558,1701],{"class":62},[44,81560,66],{"class":58},[44,81562,7163],{"class":62},[44,81564,66],{"class":58},[44,81566,7168],{"class":62},[44,81568,3006],{"class":58},[44,81570,81571,81573,81575,81577,81579,81581,81583,81585,81587,81589],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,81572,644],{"class":50},[44,81574,55],{"class":54},[44,81576,79383],{"class":99},[44,81578,103],{"class":58},[44,81580,81467],{"class":89},[44,81582,66],{"class":58},[44,81584,80078],{"class":89},[44,81586,66],{"class":58},[44,81588,80083],{"class":89},[44,81590,108],{"class":58},[44,81592,81593],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,81594,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,81596,81597,81599,81601,81603,81605,81607],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,81598,100],{"class":99},[44,81600,103],{"class":58},[44,81602,7467],{"class":121},[44,81604,103],{"class":58},[44,81606,668],{"class":89},[44,81608,993],{"class":58},[347,81610,81612],{"id":81611},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,81614,798],{},[35,81616,81617],{"className":37,"code":80619,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81618,81619,81639,81657,81661,81675],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81620,81621,81623,81625,81627,81629,81631,81633,81635,81637],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81622,51],{"class":50},[44,81624,55],{"class":54},[44,81626,2993],{"class":58},[44,81628,63],{"class":62},[44,81630,66],{"class":58},[44,81632,69],{"class":62},[44,81634,66],{"class":58},[44,81636,74],{"class":62},[44,81638,3006],{"class":58},[44,81640,81641,81643,81645,81647,81649,81651,81653,81655],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,81642,644],{"class":50},[44,81644,55],{"class":54},[44,81646,79383],{"class":99},[44,81648,103],{"class":58},[44,81650,2812],{"class":121},[44,81652,66],{"class":58},[44,81654,649],{"class":89},[44,81656,108],{"class":58},[44,81658,81659],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,81660,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,81662,81663,81665,81667,81669,81671,81673],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,81664,100],{"class":99},[44,81666,103],{"class":58},[44,81668,7467],{"class":121},[44,81670,103],{"class":58},[44,81672,668],{"class":89},[44,81674,993],{"class":58},[44,81676,81677,81679,81681,81683,81685,81687],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,81678,100],{"class":99},[44,81680,103],{"class":58},[44,81682,7467],{"class":121},[44,81684,103],{"class":58},[44,81686,668],{"class":89},[44,81688,993],{"class":58},[20,81690,81691],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,81693,81694],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[131,81696,67257],{"id":67256},[20,81698,8245,81699,81701],{},[15,81700,39072],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[35,81703,81705],{"className":37,"code":81704,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81706,81707,81717,81731,81745,81757],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81708,81709,81711,81713,81715],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81710,100],{"class":99},[44,81712,103],{"class":58},[44,81714,668],{"class":89},[44,81716,108],{"class":58},[44,81718,81719,81721,81723,81725,81727,81729],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,81720,100],{"class":99},[44,81722,103],{"class":58},[44,81724,7467],{"class":121},[44,81726,103],{"class":58},[44,81728,668],{"class":89},[44,81730,993],{"class":58},[44,81732,81733,81735,81737,81739,81741,81743],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,81734,100],{"class":99},[44,81736,103],{"class":58},[44,81738,985],{"class":121},[44,81740,103],{"class":58},[44,81742,668],{"class":89},[44,81744,993],{"class":58},[44,81746,81747,81749,81751,81753,81755],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,81748,5328],{"class":3245},[44,81750,5331],{"class":50},[44,81752,3252],{"class":3245},[44,81754,80578],{"class":50},[44,81756,5764],{"class":58},[44,81758,81759,81761,81763,81765],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,81760,7442],{"class":99},[44,81762,103],{"class":58},[44,81764,22658],{"class":89},[44,81766,108],{"class":58},[20,81768,12030],{},[145,81770,81771,81776,81781,81787],{},[148,81772,81773,81775],{},[15,81774,32377],{}," shows that you have a map object",[148,81777,81778,81780],{},[15,81779,32385],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[148,81782,81783,81786],{},[15,81784,81785],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[148,81788,81789,81790,81792],{},"looping over ",[15,81791,668],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,81794,81795,81796,81799,81800,81802],{},"Be careful: ",[15,81797,81798],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,81801,5328],{}," loop consume the map object.",[131,81804,1196],{"id":1195},[347,81806,1212,81808,81810],{"id":81807},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,81809,39072],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,81812,81813,81814,81816,81817,23286],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,81815,39072],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,81818,81819],{},"list(map(...))",[347,81821,14257,81823,81825,81826,81828],{"id":81822},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,81824,39072],{}," better than a ",[15,81827,5328],{}," loop?",[20,81830,81831,81832,81834,81835,81837],{},"Not always. ",[15,81833,39072],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,81836,5328],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[347,81839,4538,81841,81843],{"id":81840},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,81842,39072],{}," use more than one list?",[20,81845,81846],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[347,81848,81850],{"id":81849},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,81852,81853],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[131,81855,1251],{"id":1250},[145,81857,81858,81864,81870,81874,81878],{},[148,81859,81860],{},[167,81861,2945,81862,2878],{"href":39441},[15,81863,36930],{},[148,81865,81866],{},[167,81867,2945,81868,2878],{"href":64209},[15,81869,24129],{},[148,81871,81872],{},[167,81873,4589],{"href":4502},[148,81875,81876],{},[167,81877,4594],{"href":3763},[148,81879,81880],{},[167,81881,4584],{"href":4506},[1294,81883,81884],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":81886},[81887,81888,81890,81891,81892,81894,81899,81906,81908,81915,81916,81925],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":79462,"depth":80,"text":81889},"What map() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":214,"depth":80,"text":215},{"id":79781,"depth":80,"text":81893},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":79965,"depth":80,"text":81895,"children":81896},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[81897],{"id":80153,"depth":96,"text":81898},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80310,"depth":80,"text":81900,"children":81901},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[81902,81904,81905],{"id":80328,"depth":96,"text":81903},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80519,"depth":96,"text":80520},{"id":80612,"depth":96,"text":80613},{"id":80873,"depth":80,"text":81907},"When to use map()",{"id":783,"depth":80,"text":784,"children":81909},[81910,81912,81913,81914],{"id":81182,"depth":96,"text":81911},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81271,"depth":96,"text":81272},{"id":81392,"depth":96,"text":81393},{"id":81611,"depth":96,"text":81612},{"id":67256,"depth":80,"text":67257},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":81917},[81918,81920,81922,81924],{"id":81807,"depth":96,"text":81919},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":81822,"depth":96,"text":81921},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":81840,"depth":96,"text":81923},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":81849,"depth":96,"text":81850},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79294,"description":81926},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":81933,"title":81934,"body":81935,"description":83955,"extension":1331,"meta":83956,"navigation":268,"path":83957,"seo":83958,"stem":83959,"__hash__":83960},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":81936,"toc":83913},[81937,81943,81948,81951,81959,81962,81964,82088,82090,82108,82110,82130,82135,82139,82153,82156,82159,82161,82166,82278,82281,82299,82305,82308,82370,82372,82381,82384,82398,82400,82448,82450,82459,82469,82475,82478,82505,82507,82515,82518,82521,82591,82593,82601,82604,82609,82614,82665,82667,82675,82678,82680,82697,82699,82751,82754,82760,82764,82769,82772,82776,82835,82837,82846,82852,82861,82865,82928,82930,82938,82943,82947,82952,83032,83034,83043,83050,83055,83060,83063,83098,83100,83108,83111,83117,83119,83169,83171,83180,83183,83201,83203,83208,83214,83221,83248,83250,83273,83278,83313,83318,83324,83329,83372,83375,83378,83417,83424,83430,83435,83450,83454,83461,83464,83468,83473,83477,83482,83484,83545,83547,83576,83581,83588,83597,83599,83602,83627,83629,83732,83735,83753,83762,83764,83769,83772,83778,83781,83783,83793,83799,83803,83861,83868,83876,83878,83910],[10,81938,2945,81940,2949],{"id":81939},"python-max-function-explained",[15,81941,81942],{},"max()",[20,81944,8493,81945,81947],{},[15,81946,81942],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,81949,81950],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[145,81952,81953,81956],{},[148,81954,81955],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[148,81957,81958],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,81960,81961],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[131,81963,1372],{"id":1371},[35,81965,81967],{"className":37,"code":81966,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,81968,81969,81993,82008,82012,82038,82042,82074],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81970,81971,81973,81975,81977,81979,81981,81983,81985,81987,81989,81991],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81972,51],{"class":50},[44,81974,55],{"class":54},[44,81976,2993],{"class":58},[44,81978,1432],{"class":62},[44,81980,66],{"class":58},[44,81982,5730],{"class":62},[44,81984,66],{"class":58},[44,81986,69],{"class":62},[44,81988,66],{"class":58},[44,81990,3975],{"class":62},[44,81992,3006],{"class":58},[44,81994,81995,81997,81999,82002,82004,82006],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,81996,100],{"class":99},[44,81998,103],{"class":58},[44,82000,82001],{"class":99},"max",[44,82003,103],{"class":58},[44,82005,83],{"class":89},[44,82007,993],{"class":58},[44,82009,82010],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,82011,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,82013,82014,82016,82018,82020,82022,82024,82026,82028,82030,82032,82034,82036],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,82015,100],{"class":99},[44,82017,103],{"class":58},[44,82019,82001],{"class":99},[44,82021,103],{"class":58},[44,82023,1432],{"class":62},[44,82025,66],{"class":58},[44,82027,5730],{"class":62},[44,82029,66],{"class":58},[44,82031,69],{"class":62},[44,82033,66],{"class":58},[44,82035,3975],{"class":62},[44,82037,993],{"class":58},[44,82039,82040],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,82041,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,82043,82044,82046,82048,82050,82052,82054,82056,82058,82060,82062,82064,82066,82068,82070,82072],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,82045,3441],{"class":50},[44,82047,55],{"class":54},[44,82049,2993],{"class":58},[44,82051,236],{"class":235},[44,82053,3450],{"class":239},[44,82055,236],{"class":235},[44,82057,66],{"class":58},[44,82059,247],{"class":235},[44,82061,3459],{"class":239},[44,82063,236],{"class":235},[44,82065,66],{"class":58},[44,82067,247],{"class":235},[44,82069,78105],{"class":239},[44,82071,236],{"class":235},[44,82073,3006],{"class":58},[44,82075,82076,82078,82080,82082,82084,82086],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,82077,100],{"class":99},[44,82079,103],{"class":58},[44,82081,82001],{"class":99},[44,82083,103],{"class":58},[44,82085,3485],{"class":89},[44,82087,993],{"class":58},[20,82089,111],{},[35,82091,82093],{"className":37,"code":82092,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82094,82095,82099,82103],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82096,82097],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82098,1752],{"class":62},[44,82100,82101],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,82102,1752],{"class":62},[44,82104,82105],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,82106,82107],{"class":50},"pear\n",[20,82109,19305],{},[145,82111,82112,82118,82124],{},[148,82113,82114,82117],{},[15,82115,82116],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[148,82119,82120,82123],{},[15,82121,82122],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[148,82125,82126,82129],{},[15,82127,82128],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[131,82131,134,82133,137],{"id":82132},"what-max-does",[15,82134,81942],{},[20,82136,82137,2255],{},[15,82138,81942],{},[145,82140,82141,82144,82147,82150],{},[148,82142,82143],{},"Returns the largest item",[148,82145,82146],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[148,82148,82149],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[148,82151,82152],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82154,82155],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82157,82158],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[131,82160,175],{"id":174},[20,82162,82163,82164,2255],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82165,81942],{},[35,82167,82169],{"className":37,"code":82168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82170,82171,82181,82205,82227,82250],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82172,82173,82175,82177,82179],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82174,82001],{"class":99},[44,82176,103],{"class":58},[44,82178,3091],{"class":89},[44,82180,108],{"class":58},[44,82182,82183,82185,82187,82189,82191,82194,82196,82198,82200,82203],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,82184,82001],{"class":99},[44,82186,103],{"class":58},[44,82188,3091],{"class":89},[44,82190,66],{"class":58},[44,82192,82193],{"class":54}," *",[44,82195,66],{"class":58},[44,82197,20927],{"class":8546},[44,82199,55],{"class":54},[44,82201,82202],{"class":89},"func",[44,82204,108],{"class":58},[44,82206,82207,82209,82211,82213,82215,82217,82219,82221,82223,82225],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,82208,82001],{"class":99},[44,82210,103],{"class":58},[44,82212,3091],{"class":89},[44,82214,66],{"class":58},[44,82216,82193],{"class":54},[44,82218,66],{"class":58},[44,82220,25871],{"class":8546},[44,82222,55],{"class":54},[44,82224,1843],{"class":89},[44,82226,108],{"class":58},[44,82228,82229,82231,82233,82236,82238,82241,82243,82245,82248],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,82230,82001],{"class":99},[44,82232,103],{"class":58},[44,82234,82235],{"class":89},"arg1",[44,82237,66],{"class":58},[44,82239,82240],{"class":89}," arg2",[44,82242,66],{"class":58},[44,82244,82193],{"class":54},[44,82246,82247],{"class":89},"args",[44,82249,108],{"class":58},[44,82251,82252,82254,82256,82258,82260,82262,82264,82266,82268,82270,82272,82274,82276],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,82253,82001],{"class":99},[44,82255,103],{"class":58},[44,82257,82235],{"class":89},[44,82259,66],{"class":58},[44,82261,82240],{"class":89},[44,82263,66],{"class":58},[44,82265,82193],{"class":54},[44,82267,82247],{"class":89},[44,82269,66],{"class":58},[44,82271,20927],{"class":8546},[44,82273,55],{"class":54},[44,82275,82202],{"class":89},[44,82277,108],{"class":58},[20,82279,82280],{},"The most important parts are:",[145,82282,82283,82288,82293],{},[148,82284,82285,82287],{},[15,82286,3091],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[148,82289,82290,82292],{},[15,82291,14195],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[148,82294,82295,82298],{},[15,82296,82297],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[131,82300,350,82302,82304],{"id":82301},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82303,81942],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82306,82307],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[35,82309,82311],{"className":37,"code":82310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82312,82313,82339,82355,82359],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82314,82315,82317,82319,82321,82324,82326,82328,82330,82332,82334,82337],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82316,4434],{"class":50},[44,82318,55],{"class":54},[44,82320,2993],{"class":58},[44,82322,82323],{"class":62},"72",[44,82325,66],{"class":58},[44,82327,50871],{"class":62},[44,82329,66],{"class":58},[44,82331,12861],{"class":62},[44,82333,66],{"class":58},[44,82335,82336],{"class":62}," 66",[44,82338,3006],{"class":58},[44,82340,82341,82344,82346,82349,82351,82353],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,82342,82343],{"class":50},"highest_score ",[44,82345,55],{"class":54},[44,82347,82348],{"class":99}," max",[44,82350,103],{"class":58},[44,82352,15740],{"class":89},[44,82354,108],{"class":58},[44,82356,82357],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,82358,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,82360,82361,82363,82365,82368],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,82362,100],{"class":99},[44,82364,103],{"class":58},[44,82366,82367],{"class":89},"highest_score",[44,82369,108],{"class":58},[20,82371,111],{},[35,82373,82375],{"className":37,"code":82374,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"91\n",[15,82376,82377],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82378,82379],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82380,82374],{"class":62},[20,82382,82383],{},"This works well for:",[145,82385,82386,82389,82392,82395],{},[148,82387,82388],{},"Scores",[148,82390,82391],{},"Prices",[148,82393,82394],{},"Ages",[148,82396,82397],{},"Counts",[20,82399,51441],{},[35,82401,82403],{"className":37,"code":82402,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82404,82405,82433],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82406,82407,82410,82412,82414,82416,82418,82421,82423,82426,82428,82431],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82408,82409],{"class":50},"prices ",[44,82411,55],{"class":54},[44,82413,2993],{"class":58},[44,82415,39754],{"class":62},[44,82417,66],{"class":58},[44,82419,82420],{"class":62}," 5.50",[44,82422,66],{"class":58},[44,82424,82425],{"class":62}," 12.75",[44,82427,66],{"class":58},[44,82429,82430],{"class":62}," 29.00",[44,82432,3006],{"class":58},[44,82434,82435,82437,82439,82441,82443,82446],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,82436,100],{"class":99},[44,82438,103],{"class":58},[44,82440,82001],{"class":99},[44,82442,103],{"class":58},[44,82444,82445],{"class":89},"prices",[44,82447,993],{"class":58},[20,82449,111],{},[35,82451,82453],{"className":37,"code":82452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"29.0\n",[15,82454,82455],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82456,82457],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82458,82452],{"class":62},[20,82460,82461,82462,82464,82465,86],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82463,81942],{}," is simpler than ",[167,82466,82467],{"href":73882},[15,82468,73785],{},[131,82470,350,82472,82474],{"id":82471},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,82473,81942],{}," with separate values",[20,82476,82477],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[35,82479,82481],{"className":37,"code":82480,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,82482,82483],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82484,82485,82487,82489,82491,82493,82495,82497,82499,82501,82503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82486,100],{"class":99},[44,82488,103],{"class":58},[44,82490,82001],{"class":99},[44,82492,103],{"class":58},[44,82494,1875],{"class":62},[44,82496,66],{"class":58},[44,82498,30292],{"class":62},[44,82500,66],{"class":58},[44,82502,5364],{"class":62},[44,82504,993],{"class":58},[20,82506,111],{},[35,82508,82509],{"className":37,"code":1596,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,82510,82511],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82512,82513],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82514,1596],{"class":62},[20,82516,82517],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,82519,82520],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[35,82522,82524],{"className":37,"code":82523,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,82525,82526,82535,82543,82553,82557,82580],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82527,82528,82530,82532],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82529,1095],{"class":50},[44,82531,55],{"class":54},[44,82533,82534],{"class":62}," 15\n",[44,82536,82537,82539,82541],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,82538,1122],{"class":50},[44,82540,55],{"class":54},[44,82542,2138],{"class":62},[44,82544,82545,82548,82550],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,82546,82547],{"class":50},"c ",[44,82549,55],{"class":54},[44,82551,82552],{"class":62}," 27\n",[44,82554,82555],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,82556,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,82558,82559,82562,82564,82566,82568,82570,82572,82574,82576,82578],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,82560,82561],{"class":50},"largest ",[44,82563,55],{"class":54},[44,82565,82348],{"class":99},[44,82567,103],{"class":58},[44,82569,167],{"class":89},[44,82571,66],{"class":58},[44,82573,1929],{"class":89},[44,82575,66],{"class":58},[44,82577,9051],{"class":89},[44,82579,108],{"class":58},[44,82581,82582,82584,82586,82589],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,82583,100],{"class":99},[44,82585,103],{"class":58},[44,82587,82588],{"class":89},"largest",[44,82590,108],{"class":58},[20,82592,111],{},[35,82594,82595],{"className":37,"code":45971,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,82596,82597],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82598,82599],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82600,45971],{"class":62},[20,82602,82603],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[131,82605,350,82607,46418],{"id":82606},"using-max-with-strings",[15,82608,81942],{},[20,82610,82611,82613],{},[15,82612,81942],{}," can compare strings too.",[35,82615,82617],{"className":37,"code":82616,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82618,82619,82651],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82620,82621,82623,82625,82627,82629,82631,82633,82635,82637,82639,82641,82643,82645,82647,82649],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82622,3441],{"class":50},[44,82624,55],{"class":54},[44,82626,2993],{"class":58},[44,82628,236],{"class":235},[44,82630,3450],{"class":239},[44,82632,236],{"class":235},[44,82634,66],{"class":58},[44,82636,247],{"class":235},[44,82638,3459],{"class":239},[44,82640,236],{"class":235},[44,82642,66],{"class":58},[44,82644,247],{"class":235},[44,82646,78105],{"class":239},[44,82648,236],{"class":235},[44,82650,3006],{"class":58},[44,82652,82653,82655,82657,82659,82661,82663],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,82654,100],{"class":99},[44,82656,103],{"class":58},[44,82658,82001],{"class":99},[44,82660,103],{"class":58},[44,82662,3485],{"class":89},[44,82664,993],{"class":58},[20,82666,111],{},[35,82668,82669],{"className":37,"code":82107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,82670,82671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82672,82673],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82674,82107],{"class":50},[20,82676,82677],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,82679,67645],{},[145,82681,82682,82691,82694],{},[148,82683,82684,82687,82688,82690],{},[15,82685,82686],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,82689,64636],{}," alphabetically",[148,82692,82693],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[148,82695,82696],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,82698,1578],{},[35,82700,82702],{"className":37,"code":82701,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82703,82704,82737],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82705,82706,82708,82710,82712,82714,82716,82718,82720,82722,82725,82727,82729,82731,82733,82735],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82707,3441],{"class":50},[44,82709,55],{"class":54},[44,82711,2993],{"class":58},[44,82713,236],{"class":235},[44,82715,3450],{"class":239},[44,82717,236],{"class":235},[44,82719,66],{"class":58},[44,82721,247],{"class":235},[44,82723,82724],{"class":239},"Banana",[44,82726,236],{"class":235},[44,82728,66],{"class":58},[44,82730,247],{"class":235},[44,82732,78105],{"class":239},[44,82734,236],{"class":235},[44,82736,3006],{"class":58},[44,82738,82739,82741,82743,82745,82747,82749],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,82740,100],{"class":99},[44,82742,103],{"class":58},[44,82744,82001],{"class":99},[44,82746,103],{"class":58},[44,82748,3485],{"class":89},[44,82750,993],{"class":58},[20,82752,82753],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,82755,82756,82757,82759],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,82758,14195],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[131,82761,35966,82762,35969],{"id":78063},[15,82763,14195],{},[20,82765,140,82766,82768],{},[15,82767,14195],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,82770,82771],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[347,82773,82775],{"id":82774},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[35,82777,82779],{"className":37,"code":82778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,82780,82781,82813],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82782,82783,82785,82787,82789,82791,82793,82795,82797,82799,82801,82803,82805,82807,82809,82811],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82784,3441],{"class":50},[44,82786,55],{"class":54},[44,82788,2993],{"class":58},[44,82790,236],{"class":235},[44,82792,36401],{"class":239},[44,82794,236],{"class":235},[44,82796,66],{"class":58},[44,82798,247],{"class":235},[44,82800,67688],{"class":239},[44,82802,236],{"class":235},[44,82804,66],{"class":58},[44,82806,247],{"class":235},[44,82808,57487],{"class":239},[44,82810,236],{"class":235},[44,82812,3006],{"class":58},[44,82814,82815,82817,82819,82821,82823,82825,82827,82829,82831,82833],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,82816,100],{"class":99},[44,82818,103],{"class":58},[44,82820,82001],{"class":99},[44,82822,103],{"class":58},[44,82824,3485],{"class":89},[44,82826,66],{"class":58},[44,82828,20927],{"class":8546},[44,82830,55],{"class":54},[44,82832,10529],{"class":99},[44,82834,993],{"class":58},[20,82836,111],{},[35,82838,82840],{"className":37,"code":82839,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"elephant\n",[15,82841,82842],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82843,82844],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82845,82839],{"class":50},[20,82847,565,82848,82851],{},[15,82849,82850],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,82853,82854,82855,32979,82857,86],{},"If you are new to ",[15,82856,41718],{},[167,82858,82859,5153],{"href":41715},[15,82860,41718],{},[347,82862,82864],{"id":82863},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[35,82866,82868],{"className":37,"code":82867,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,82869,82870,82902],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82871,82872,82874,82876,82878,82880,82882,82884,82886,82888,82890,82892,82894,82896,82898,82900],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82873,3441],{"class":50},[44,82875,55],{"class":54},[44,82877,2993],{"class":58},[44,82879,236],{"class":235},[44,82881,3450],{"class":239},[44,82883,236],{"class":235},[44,82885,66],{"class":58},[44,82887,247],{"class":235},[44,82889,82724],{"class":239},[44,82891,236],{"class":235},[44,82893,66],{"class":58},[44,82895,247],{"class":235},[44,82897,78105],{"class":239},[44,82899,236],{"class":235},[44,82901,3006],{"class":58},[44,82903,82904,82906,82908,82910,82912,82914,82916,82918,82920,82922,82924,82926],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,82905,100],{"class":99},[44,82907,103],{"class":58},[44,82909,82001],{"class":99},[44,82911,103],{"class":58},[44,82913,3485],{"class":89},[44,82915,66],{"class":58},[44,82917,20927],{"class":8546},[44,82919,55],{"class":54},[44,82921,2812],{"class":121},[44,82923,86],{"class":58},[44,82925,8014],{"class":24098},[44,82927,993],{"class":58},[20,82929,111],{},[35,82931,82932],{"className":37,"code":82107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,82933,82934],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82935,82936],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82937,82107],{"class":50},[20,82939,565,82940,82942],{},[15,82941,78059],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[347,82944,82946],{"id":82945},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,82948,82949,82950,2255],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,82951,37014],{},[35,82953,82955],{"className":37,"code":82954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,82956,82957,83000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82958,82959,82961,82963,82965,82967,82969,82971,82973,82975,82978,82980,82982,82984,82987,82989,82991,82993,82996,82998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82960,362],{"class":50},[44,82962,55],{"class":54},[44,82964,2993],{"class":58},[44,82966,236],{"class":235},[44,82968,167],{"class":239},[44,82970,236],{"class":235},[44,82972,66],{"class":58},[44,82974,247],{"class":235},[44,82976,82977],{"class":239},"bb",[44,82979,236],{"class":235},[44,82981,66],{"class":58},[44,82983,247],{"class":235},[44,82985,82986],{"class":239},"cccc",[44,82988,236],{"class":235},[44,82990,66],{"class":58},[44,82992,247],{"class":235},[44,82994,82995],{"class":239},"ddd",[44,82997,236],{"class":235},[44,82999,3006],{"class":58},[44,83001,83002,83004,83006,83008,83010,83012,83014,83016,83018,83020,83022,83024,83026,83028,83030],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,83003,100],{"class":99},[44,83005,103],{"class":58},[44,83007,82001],{"class":99},[44,83009,103],{"class":58},[44,83011,397],{"class":89},[44,83013,66],{"class":58},[44,83015,20927],{"class":8546},[44,83017,55],{"class":54},[44,83019,37014],{"class":1008},[44,83021,42199],{"class":37017},[44,83023,2255],{"class":58},[44,83025,37741],{"class":99},[44,83027,103],{"class":58},[44,83029,34060],{"class":89},[44,83031,2283],{"class":58},[20,83033,111],{},[35,83035,83037],{"className":37,"code":83036,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cccc\n",[15,83038,83039],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83040,83041],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83042,83036],{"class":50},[20,83044,48910,83045,342,83047,83049],{},[15,83046,82850],{},[15,83048,77946],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[131,83051,35966,83053,35969],{"id":83052},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83054,82297],{},[20,83056,140,83057,83059],{},[15,83058,82297],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83061,83062],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[35,83064,83066],{"className":37,"code":83065,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83067,83068,83076],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83069,83070,83072,83074],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83071,51],{"class":50},[44,83073,55],{"class":54},[44,83075,7211],{"class":58},[44,83077,83078,83080,83082,83084,83086,83088,83090,83092,83094,83096],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,83079,100],{"class":99},[44,83081,103],{"class":58},[44,83083,82001],{"class":99},[44,83085,103],{"class":58},[44,83087,83],{"class":89},[44,83089,66],{"class":58},[44,83091,25871],{"class":8546},[44,83093,55],{"class":54},[44,83095,1490],{"class":62},[44,83097,993],{"class":58},[20,83099,111],{},[35,83101,83102],{"className":37,"code":46611,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83103,83104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83105,83106],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83107,46611],{"class":62},[20,83109,83110],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83112,83113,83114,83116],{},"Without ",[15,83115,82297],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83118,51441],{},[35,83120,83122],{"className":37,"code":83121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83123,83124,83132,83159],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83125,83126,83128,83130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83127,3441],{"class":50},[44,83129,55],{"class":54},[44,83131,7211],{"class":58},[44,83133,83134,83136,83138,83140,83142,83144,83146,83148,83150,83152,83155,83157],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,83135,644],{"class":50},[44,83137,55],{"class":54},[44,83139,82348],{"class":99},[44,83141,103],{"class":58},[44,83143,3485],{"class":89},[44,83145,66],{"class":58},[44,83147,25871],{"class":8546},[44,83149,55],{"class":54},[44,83151,236],{"class":235},[44,83153,83154],{"class":239},"no words found",[44,83156,236],{"class":235},[44,83158,108],{"class":58},[44,83160,83161,83163,83165,83167],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,83162,100],{"class":99},[44,83164,103],{"class":58},[44,83166,668],{"class":89},[44,83168,108],{"class":58},[20,83170,111],{},[35,83172,83174],{"className":37,"code":83173,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"no words found\n",[15,83175,83176],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83177,83178],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83179,83173],{"class":50},[20,83181,83182],{},"Important:",[145,83184,83185,83193],{},[148,83186,83187,83189,83190],{},[15,83188,82297],{}," works with ",[15,83191,83192],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[148,83194,40262,83195,83197,83198],{},[30,83196,604],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83199,83200],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[131,83202,47346],{"id":47345},[20,83204,83205,83206,86],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83207,81942],{},[347,83209,83211,83213],{"id":83210},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83212,40060],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83215,83216,83217,45267,83219,86],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83218,82297],{},[15,83220,40060],{},[35,83222,83224],{"className":37,"code":83223,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83225,83226,83234],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83227,83228,83230,83232],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83229,51],{"class":50},[44,83231,55],{"class":54},[44,83233,7211],{"class":58},[44,83235,83236,83238,83240,83242,83244,83246],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,83237,100],{"class":99},[44,83239,103],{"class":58},[44,83241,82001],{"class":99},[44,83243,103],{"class":58},[44,83245,83],{"class":89},[44,83247,993],{"class":58},[20,83249,29029],{},[35,83251,83253],{"className":37,"code":83252,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83254,83255],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83256,83257,83259,83261,83263,83265,83268,83270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83258,40060],{"class":121},[44,83260,2255],{"class":58},[44,83262,82348],{"class":99},[44,83264,6738],{"class":58},[44,83266,83267],{"class":50}," arg ",[44,83269,11552],{"class":54},[44,83271,83272],{"class":50}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83274,83275,83276,2255],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83277,82297],{},[35,83279,83281],{"className":37,"code":83280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83282,83283,83291],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83284,83285,83287,83289],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83286,51],{"class":50},[44,83288,55],{"class":54},[44,83290,7211],{"class":58},[44,83292,83293,83295,83297,83299,83301,83303,83305,83307,83309,83311],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,83294,100],{"class":99},[44,83296,103],{"class":58},[44,83298,82001],{"class":99},[44,83300,103],{"class":58},[44,83302,83],{"class":89},[44,83304,66],{"class":58},[44,83306,25871],{"class":8546},[44,83308,55],{"class":54},[44,83310,159],{"class":692},[44,83312,993],{"class":58},[20,83314,83315,83316,86],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[167,83317,65201],{"href":72239},[347,83319,83321,83323],{"id":83320},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83322,2376],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83325,83326,83327,86],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83328,2376],{},[35,83330,83332],{"className":37,"code":83331,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83333,83334,83358],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83335,83336,83338,83340,83342,83344,83346,83348,83350,83352,83354,83356],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83337,362],{"class":50},[44,83339,55],{"class":54},[44,83341,2993],{"class":58},[44,83343,1701],{"class":62},[44,83345,66],{"class":58},[44,83347,247],{"class":235},[44,83349,15105],{"class":239},[44,83351,236],{"class":235},[44,83353,66],{"class":58},[44,83355,7168],{"class":62},[44,83357,3006],{"class":58},[44,83359,83360,83362,83364,83366,83368,83370],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,83361,100],{"class":99},[44,83363,103],{"class":58},[44,83365,82001],{"class":99},[44,83367,103],{"class":58},[44,83369,397],{"class":89},[44,83371,993],{"class":58},[20,83373,83374],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83376,83377],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[35,83379,83381],{"className":37,"code":83380,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83382,83383,83403],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83384,83385,83387,83389,83391,83393,83395,83397,83399,83401],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83386,362],{"class":50},[44,83388,55],{"class":54},[44,83390,2993],{"class":58},[44,83392,1701],{"class":62},[44,83394,66],{"class":58},[44,83396,7163],{"class":62},[44,83398,66],{"class":58},[44,83400,7168],{"class":62},[44,83402,3006],{"class":58},[44,83404,83405,83407,83409,83411,83413,83415],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,83406,100],{"class":99},[44,83408,103],{"class":58},[44,83410,82001],{"class":99},[44,83412,103],{"class":58},[44,83414,397],{"class":89},[44,83416,993],{"class":58},[20,83418,83419,83420,86],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[167,83421,83423],{"href":83422},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[347,83425,83427,83429],{"id":83426},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83428,2376],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83431,83432,83434],{},[15,83433,81942],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[35,83436,83438],{"className":37,"code":83437,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(max())\n",[15,83439,83440],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83441,83442,83444,83446,83448],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83443,100],{"class":99},[44,83445,103],{"class":58},[44,83447,82001],{"class":99},[44,83449,6566],{"class":58},[20,83451,2373,83452,86],{},[15,83453,2376],{},[131,83455,83457,9953,83459],{"id":83456},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83458,81942],{},[15,83460,73785],{},[20,83462,83463],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,83465,83466,2255],{},[15,83467,81942],{},[145,83469,83470],{},[148,83471,83472],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,83474,83475,2255],{},[15,83476,73785],{},[145,83478,83479],{},[148,83480,83481],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,83483,1578],{},[35,83485,83487],{"className":37,"code":83486,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,83488,83489,83513,83517,83531],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83490,83491,83493,83495,83497,83499,83501,83503,83505,83507,83509,83511],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83492,51],{"class":50},[44,83494,55],{"class":54},[44,83496,2993],{"class":58},[44,83498,1432],{"class":62},[44,83500,66],{"class":58},[44,83502,5730],{"class":62},[44,83504,66],{"class":58},[44,83506,69],{"class":62},[44,83508,66],{"class":58},[44,83510,3975],{"class":62},[44,83512,3006],{"class":58},[44,83514,83515],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,83516,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,83518,83519,83521,83523,83525,83527,83529],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,83520,100],{"class":99},[44,83522,103],{"class":58},[44,83524,82001],{"class":99},[44,83526,103],{"class":58},[44,83528,83],{"class":89},[44,83530,993],{"class":58},[44,83532,83533,83535,83537,83539,83541,83543],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,83534,100],{"class":99},[44,83536,103],{"class":58},[44,83538,73875],{"class":99},[44,83540,103],{"class":58},[44,83542,83],{"class":89},[44,83544,993],{"class":58},[20,83546,111],{},[35,83548,83550],{"className":37,"code":83549,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,83551,83552,83556],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83553,83554],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83555,1752],{"class":62},[44,83557,83558,83560,83562,83564,83566,83568,83570,83572,83574],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,83559,3270],{"class":58},[44,83561,1426],{"class":62},[44,83563,66],{"class":58},[44,83565,74],{"class":62},[44,83567,66],{"class":58},[44,83569,3975],{"class":62},[44,83571,66],{"class":58},[44,83573,5730],{"class":62},[44,83575,3006],{"class":58},[20,83577,1462,83578,83580],{},[15,83579,81942],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,83582,1462,83583,83587],{},[167,83584,83585],{"href":73882},[15,83586,73785],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,83589,83590,83591,86],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[167,83592,83594],{"href":83593},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,83595,83596],{},"min()",[131,83598,2200],{"id":2199},[20,83600,83601],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[145,83603,83604,83611,83614,83619,83622],{},[148,83605,28998,83606,83608,83609],{},[15,83607,81942],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,83610,82297],{},[148,83612,83613],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[148,83615,923,83616,83618],{},[15,83617,81942],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[148,83620,83621],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[148,83623,350,83624,83626],{},[15,83625,82297],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,83628,10480],{},[35,83630,83632],{"className":37,"code":83631,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,83633,83634,83644,83658,83672,83686,83708],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83635,83636,83638,83640,83642],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83637,100],{"class":99},[44,83639,103],{"class":58},[44,83641,397],{"class":89},[44,83643,108],{"class":58},[44,83645,83646,83648,83650,83652,83654,83656],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,83647,100],{"class":99},[44,83649,103],{"class":58},[44,83651,985],{"class":121},[44,83653,103],{"class":58},[44,83655,397],{"class":89},[44,83657,993],{"class":58},[44,83659,83660,83662,83664,83666,83668,83670],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,83661,100],{"class":99},[44,83663,103],{"class":58},[44,83665,10529],{"class":99},[44,83667,103],{"class":58},[44,83669,397],{"class":89},[44,83671,993],{"class":58},[44,83673,83674,83676,83678,83680,83682,83684],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,83675,100],{"class":99},[44,83677,103],{"class":58},[44,83679,82001],{"class":99},[44,83681,103],{"class":58},[44,83683,397],{"class":89},[44,83685,993],{"class":58},[44,83687,83688,83690,83692,83694,83696,83698,83700,83702,83704,83706],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,83689,100],{"class":99},[44,83691,103],{"class":58},[44,83693,82001],{"class":99},[44,83695,103],{"class":58},[44,83697,397],{"class":89},[44,83699,66],{"class":58},[44,83701,25871],{"class":8546},[44,83703,55],{"class":54},[44,83705,159],{"class":692},[44,83707,993],{"class":58},[44,83709,83710,83712,83714,83716,83718,83720,83722,83724,83726,83728,83730],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,83711,100],{"class":99},[44,83713,2357],{"class":58},[44,83715,985],{"class":121},[44,83717,103],{"class":58},[44,83719,1104],{"class":89},[44,83721,3032],{"class":58},[44,83723,3246],{"class":3245},[44,83725,3249],{"class":89},[44,83727,3252],{"class":3245},[44,83729,5336],{"class":89},[44,83731,3258],{"class":58},[20,83733,83734],{},"These are useful for checking:",[145,83736,83737,83742,83747,83750],{},[148,83738,83739,83740],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,83741,397],{},[148,83743,79112,83744,83746],{},[15,83745,397],{}," is a list or some other type",[148,83748,83749],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[148,83751,83752],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,83754,68709,83755,83758,83759,83761],{},[15,83756,83757],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,83760,397],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[131,83763,1196],{"id":1195},[347,83765,1200,83767,1203],{"id":83766},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,83768,81942],{},[20,83770,83771],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[347,83773,4538,83775,83777],{"id":83774},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,83776,81942],{}," work with strings?",[20,83779,83780],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[347,83782,71007],{"id":71006},[20,83784,83785,51856,83787,83789,83790,83792],{},[15,83786,81942],{},[15,83788,40060],{}," unless you use the ",[15,83791,82297],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[347,83794,83796,83797,1239],{"id":83795},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,83798,81942],{},[20,83800,1462,83801,2255],{},[15,83802,82850],{},[35,83804,83805],{"className":37,"code":82778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83806,83807,83839],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83808,83809,83811,83813,83815,83817,83819,83821,83823,83825,83827,83829,83831,83833,83835,83837],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83810,3441],{"class":50},[44,83812,55],{"class":54},[44,83814,2993],{"class":58},[44,83816,236],{"class":235},[44,83818,36401],{"class":239},[44,83820,236],{"class":235},[44,83822,66],{"class":58},[44,83824,247],{"class":235},[44,83826,67688],{"class":239},[44,83828,236],{"class":235},[44,83830,66],{"class":58},[44,83832,247],{"class":235},[44,83834,57487],{"class":239},[44,83836,236],{"class":235},[44,83838,3006],{"class":58},[44,83840,83841,83843,83845,83847,83849,83851,83853,83855,83857,83859],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,83842,100],{"class":99},[44,83844,103],{"class":58},[44,83846,82001],{"class":99},[44,83848,103],{"class":58},[44,83850,3485],{"class":89},[44,83852,66],{"class":58},[44,83854,20927],{"class":8546},[44,83856,55],{"class":54},[44,83858,10529],{"class":99},[44,83860,993],{"class":58},[347,83862,1234,83864,342,83866,1239],{"id":83863},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,83865,81942],{},[15,83867,73785],{},[20,83869,83870,83872,83873,83875],{},[15,83871,81942],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,83874,73785],{}," returns all items in order.",[131,83877,1251],{"id":1250},[145,83879,83880,83886,83892,83898,83902,83906],{},[148,83881,83882],{},[167,83883,83884,2878],{"href":83593},[15,83885,83596],{},[148,83887,83888],{},[167,83889,83890,2878],{"href":73882},[15,83891,73785],{},[148,83893,83894],{},[167,83895,83896,2878],{"href":41715},[15,83897,41718],{},[148,83899,83900],{},[167,83901,58316],{"href":58315},[148,83903,83904],{},[167,83905,65201],{"href":72239},[148,83907,83908],{},[167,83909,83423],{"href":83422},[1294,83911,83912],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":83914},[83915,83916,83918,83919,83921,83923,83925,83930,83932,83940,83942,83943,83954],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":82132,"depth":80,"text":83917},"What max() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":82301,"depth":80,"text":83920},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82471,"depth":80,"text":83922},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":82606,"depth":80,"text":83924},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78063,"depth":80,"text":79261,"children":83926},[83927,83928,83929],{"id":82774,"depth":96,"text":82775},{"id":82863,"depth":96,"text":82864},{"id":82945,"depth":96,"text":82946},{"id":83052,"depth":80,"text":83931},"Using the default argument",{"id":47345,"depth":80,"text":47346,"children":83933},[83934,83936,83938],{"id":83210,"depth":96,"text":83935},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83320,"depth":96,"text":83937},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83426,"depth":96,"text":83939},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83456,"depth":80,"text":83941},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":83944},[83945,83947,83949,83950,83952],{"id":83766,"depth":96,"text":83946},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":83774,"depth":96,"text":83948},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71006,"depth":96,"text":71007},{"id":83795,"depth":96,"text":83951},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":83863,"depth":96,"text":83953},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":81934,"description":83955},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":83962,"title":83963,"body":83964,"description":85918,"extension":1331,"meta":85919,"navigation":268,"path":85920,"seo":85921,"stem":85922,"__hash__":85923},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":83965,"toc":85875},[83966,83971,83976,83982,83984,84058,84060,84073,84078,84083,84099,84103,84108,84184,84190,84193,84236,84238,84246,84252,84255,84286,84288,84296,84302,84307,84366,84368,84377,84380,84390,84396,84401,84436,84438,84446,84452,84458,84463,84507,84509,84518,84521,84561,84563,84572,84575,84587,84592,84597,84648,84650,84659,84662,84713,84715,84724,84727,84734,84740,84745,84747,84762,84766,84826,84828,84837,84841,85013,85015,85052,85059,85065,85068,85095,85097,85118,85123,85158,85160,85168,85171,85174,85190,85195,85197,85201,85207,85211,85238,85241,85251,85291,85295,85298,85341,85343,85352,85355,85360,85429,85431,85439,85444,85448,85451,85502,85504,85512,85515,85578,85580,85588,85591,85596,85600,85613,85620,85628,85630,85632,85662,85668,85769,85779,85781,85786,85789,85794,85797,85799,85807,85815,85823,85830,85838,85840,85872],[10,83967,2945,83969,2949],{"id":83968},"python-min-function-explained",[15,83970,83596],{},[20,83972,83973,83975],{},[15,83974,83596],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,83977,83978,83979,83981],{},"This page explains what ",[15,83980,83596],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[131,83983,1372],{"id":1371},[35,83985,83987],{"className":37,"code":83986,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,83988,83989,84013,84028,84032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83990,83991,83993,83995,83997,83999,84001,84003,84005,84007,84009,84011],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83992,51],{"class":50},[44,83994,55],{"class":54},[44,83996,2993],{"class":58},[44,83998,1507],{"class":62},[44,84000,66],{"class":58},[44,84002,69],{"class":62},[44,84004,66],{"class":58},[44,84006,53498],{"class":62},[44,84008,66],{"class":58},[44,84010,4867],{"class":62},[44,84012,3006],{"class":58},[44,84014,84015,84017,84019,84022,84024,84026],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,84016,100],{"class":99},[44,84018,103],{"class":58},[44,84020,84021],{"class":99},"min",[44,84023,103],{"class":58},[44,84025,83],{"class":89},[44,84027,993],{"class":58},[44,84029,84030],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,84031,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,84033,84034,84036,84038,84040,84042,84044,84046,84048,84050,84052,84054,84056],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,84035,100],{"class":99},[44,84037,103],{"class":58},[44,84039,84021],{"class":99},[44,84041,103],{"class":58},[44,84043,1507],{"class":62},[44,84045,66],{"class":58},[44,84047,69],{"class":62},[44,84049,66],{"class":58},[44,84051,53498],{"class":62},[44,84053,66],{"class":58},[44,84055,4867],{"class":62},[44,84057,993],{"class":58},[20,84059,111],{},[35,84061,84063],{"className":37,"code":84062,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n1\n",[15,84064,84065,84069],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84066,84067],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84068,46276],{"class":62},[44,84070,84071],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,84072,46276],{"class":62},[20,84074,1462,84075,84077],{},[15,84076,83596],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[131,84079,134,84081,137],{"id":84080},"what-min-does",[15,84082,83596],{},[145,84084,84085,84090,84093,84096],{},[148,84086,84087,84089],{},[15,84088,83596],{}," returns the smallest item",[148,84091,84092],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[148,84094,84095],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[148,84097,84098],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[131,84100,84102],{"id":84101},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84104,84105,84106,2255],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84107,83596],{},[35,84109,84111],{"className":37,"code":84110,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84112,84113,84123,84148,84166],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84114,84115,84117,84119,84121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84116,84021],{"class":99},[44,84118,103],{"class":58},[44,84120,3091],{"class":89},[44,84122,108],{"class":58},[44,84124,84125,84127,84129,84132,84134,84137,84139,84142,84144,84146],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,84126,84021],{"class":99},[44,84128,103],{"class":58},[44,84130,84131],{"class":89},"value1",[44,84133,66],{"class":58},[44,84135,84136],{"class":89}," value2",[44,84138,66],{"class":58},[44,84140,84141],{"class":89}," value3",[44,84143,66],{"class":58},[44,84145,33805],{"class":99},[44,84147,108],{"class":58},[44,84149,84150,84152,84154,84156,84158,84160,84162,84164],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,84151,84021],{"class":99},[44,84153,103],{"class":58},[44,84155,3091],{"class":89},[44,84157,66],{"class":58},[44,84159,20927],{"class":8546},[44,84161,55],{"class":54},[44,84163,36725],{"class":99},[44,84165,108],{"class":58},[44,84167,84168,84170,84172,84174,84176,84178,84180,84182],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,84169,84021],{"class":99},[44,84171,103],{"class":58},[44,84173,3091],{"class":89},[44,84175,66],{"class":58},[44,84177,25871],{"class":8546},[44,84179,55],{"class":54},[44,84181,36725],{"class":99},[44,84183,108],{"class":58},[347,84185,84187],{"id":84186},"miniterable",[15,84188,84189],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84191,84192],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[35,84194,84196],{"className":37,"code":84195,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84197,84198,84222],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84199,84200,84202,84204,84206,84208,84210,84212,84214,84216,84218,84220],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84201,51],{"class":50},[44,84203,55],{"class":54},[44,84205,2993],{"class":58},[44,84207,1716],{"class":62},[44,84209,66],{"class":58},[44,84211,74],{"class":62},[44,84213,66],{"class":58},[44,84215,30292],{"class":62},[44,84217,66],{"class":58},[44,84219,4867],{"class":62},[44,84221,3006],{"class":58},[44,84223,84224,84226,84228,84230,84232,84234],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,84225,100],{"class":99},[44,84227,103],{"class":58},[44,84229,84021],{"class":99},[44,84231,103],{"class":58},[44,84233,83],{"class":89},[44,84235,993],{"class":58},[20,84237,111],{},[35,84239,84240],{"className":37,"code":46276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,84241,84242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84243,84244],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84245,46276],{"class":62},[347,84247,84249],{"id":84248},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84250,84251],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84253,84254],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[35,84256,84258],{"className":37,"code":84257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84259,84260],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84261,84262,84264,84266,84268,84270,84272,84274,84276,84278,84280,84282,84284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84263,100],{"class":99},[44,84265,103],{"class":58},[44,84267,84021],{"class":99},[44,84269,103],{"class":58},[44,84271,1716],{"class":62},[44,84273,66],{"class":58},[44,84275,74],{"class":62},[44,84277,66],{"class":58},[44,84279,30292],{"class":62},[44,84281,66],{"class":58},[44,84283,4867],{"class":62},[44,84285,993],{"class":58},[20,84287,111],{},[35,84289,84290],{"className":37,"code":46276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,84291,84292],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84293,84294],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84295,46276],{"class":62},[347,84297,84299],{"id":84298},"miniterable-key",[15,84300,84301],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84303,1462,84304,84306],{},[15,84305,14195],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[35,84308,84310],{"className":37,"code":84309,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84311,84312,84344],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84313,84314,84316,84318,84320,84322,84324,84326,84328,84330,84332,84334,84336,84338,84340,84342],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84315,3441],{"class":50},[44,84317,55],{"class":54},[44,84319,2993],{"class":58},[44,84321,236],{"class":235},[44,84323,78105],{"class":239},[44,84325,236],{"class":235},[44,84327,66],{"class":58},[44,84329,247],{"class":235},[44,84331,37696],{"class":239},[44,84333,236],{"class":235},[44,84335,66],{"class":58},[44,84337,247],{"class":235},[44,84339,3459],{"class":239},[44,84341,236],{"class":235},[44,84343,3006],{"class":58},[44,84345,84346,84348,84350,84352,84354,84356,84358,84360,84362,84364],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,84347,100],{"class":99},[44,84349,103],{"class":58},[44,84351,84021],{"class":99},[44,84353,103],{"class":58},[44,84355,3485],{"class":89},[44,84357,66],{"class":58},[44,84359,20927],{"class":8546},[44,84361,55],{"class":54},[44,84363,10529],{"class":99},[44,84365,993],{"class":58},[20,84367,111],{},[35,84369,84371],{"className":37,"code":84370,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"kiwi\n",[15,84372,84373],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84374,84375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84376,84370],{"class":50},[20,84378,84379],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84381,84382,84383,84385,84386,86],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84384,41718],{},", see the ",[167,84387,84388,2878],{"href":41715},[15,84389,41718],{},[347,84391,84393],{"id":84392},"miniterable-default",[15,84394,84395],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84397,1462,84398,84400],{},[15,84399,82297],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[35,84402,84404],{"className":37,"code":84403,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84405,84406,84414],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84407,84408,84410,84412],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84409,51],{"class":50},[44,84411,55],{"class":54},[44,84413,7211],{"class":58},[44,84415,84416,84418,84420,84422,84424,84426,84428,84430,84432,84434],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,84417,100],{"class":99},[44,84419,103],{"class":58},[44,84421,84021],{"class":99},[44,84423,103],{"class":58},[44,84425,83],{"class":89},[44,84427,66],{"class":58},[44,84429,25871],{"class":8546},[44,84431,55],{"class":54},[44,84433,1490],{"class":62},[44,84435,993],{"class":58},[20,84437,111],{},[35,84439,84440],{"className":37,"code":46611,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,84441,84442],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84443,84444],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84445,46611],{"class":62},[20,84447,84448,84449,84451],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84450,40060],{}," when there is no item to return.",[131,84453,350,84455,84457],{"id":84454},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84456,83596],{}," with numbers",[20,84459,84460,84462],{},[15,84461,83596],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[35,84464,84466],{"className":37,"code":84465,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84467,84468,84493],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84469,84470,84472,84474,84476,84478,84480,84483,84485,84487,84489,84491],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84471,4434],{"class":50},[44,84473,55],{"class":54},[44,84475,2993],{"class":58},[44,84477,50866],{"class":62},[44,84479,66],{"class":58},[44,84481,84482],{"class":62}," 72",[44,84484,66],{"class":58},[44,84486,28255],{"class":62},[44,84488,66],{"class":58},[44,84490,75461],{"class":62},[44,84492,3006],{"class":58},[44,84494,84495,84497,84499,84501,84503,84505],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,84496,100],{"class":99},[44,84498,103],{"class":58},[44,84500,84021],{"class":99},[44,84502,103],{"class":58},[44,84504,15740],{"class":89},[44,84506,993],{"class":58},[20,84508,111],{},[35,84510,84512],{"className":37,"code":84511,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"60\n",[15,84513,84514],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84515,84516],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84517,84511],{"class":62},[20,84519,84520],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[35,84522,84524],{"className":37,"code":84523,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,84525,84526,84547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84527,84528,84530,84532,84534,84536,84538,84541,84543,84545],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84529,82409],{"class":50},[44,84531,55],{"class":54},[44,84533,2993],{"class":58},[44,84535,39754],{"class":62},[44,84537,66],{"class":58},[44,84539,84540],{"class":62}," 5.49",[44,84542,66],{"class":58},[44,84544,82425],{"class":62},[44,84546,3006],{"class":58},[44,84548,84549,84551,84553,84555,84557,84559],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,84550,100],{"class":99},[44,84552,103],{"class":58},[44,84554,84021],{"class":99},[44,84556,103],{"class":58},[44,84558,82445],{"class":89},[44,84560,993],{"class":58},[20,84562,111],{},[35,84564,84566],{"className":37,"code":84565,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.49\n",[15,84567,84568],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84569,84570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84571,84565],{"class":62},[20,84573,84574],{},"This is useful for things like:",[145,84576,84577,84579,84581,84584],{},[148,84578,15740],{},[148,84580,82445],{},[148,84582,84583],{},"measurements",[148,84585,84586],{},"ages",[131,84588,350,84590,46418],{"id":84589},"using-min-with-strings",[15,84591,83596],{},[20,84593,84594,84596],{},[15,84595,83596],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[35,84598,84600],{"className":37,"code":84599,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84601,84602,84634],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84603,84604,84606,84608,84610,84612,84614,84616,84618,84620,84622,84624,84626,84628,84630,84632],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84605,3441],{"class":50},[44,84607,55],{"class":54},[44,84609,2993],{"class":58},[44,84611,236],{"class":235},[44,84613,3459],{"class":239},[44,84615,236],{"class":235},[44,84617,66],{"class":58},[44,84619,247],{"class":235},[44,84621,3450],{"class":239},[44,84623,236],{"class":235},[44,84625,66],{"class":58},[44,84627,247],{"class":235},[44,84629,3468],{"class":239},[44,84631,236],{"class":235},[44,84633,3006],{"class":58},[44,84635,84636,84638,84640,84642,84644,84646],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,84637,100],{"class":99},[44,84639,103],{"class":58},[44,84641,84021],{"class":99},[44,84643,103],{"class":58},[44,84645,3485],{"class":89},[44,84647,993],{"class":58},[20,84649,111],{},[35,84651,84653],{"className":37,"code":84652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"apple\n",[15,84654,84655],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84656,84657],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84658,84652],{"class":50},[20,84660,84661],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[35,84663,84665],{"className":37,"code":84664,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84666,84667,84699],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84668,84669,84671,84673,84675,84677,84679,84681,84683,84685,84687,84689,84691,84693,84695,84697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84670,3441],{"class":50},[44,84672,55],{"class":54},[44,84674,2993],{"class":58},[44,84676,236],{"class":235},[44,84678,3459],{"class":239},[44,84680,236],{"class":235},[44,84682,66],{"class":58},[44,84684,247],{"class":235},[44,84686,57128],{"class":239},[44,84688,236],{"class":235},[44,84690,66],{"class":58},[44,84692,247],{"class":235},[44,84694,3468],{"class":239},[44,84696,236],{"class":235},[44,84698,3006],{"class":58},[44,84700,84701,84703,84705,84707,84709,84711],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,84702,100],{"class":99},[44,84704,103],{"class":58},[44,84706,84021],{"class":99},[44,84708,103],{"class":58},[44,84710,3485],{"class":89},[44,84712,993],{"class":58},[20,84714,111],{},[35,84716,84718],{"className":37,"code":84717,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Apple\n",[15,84719,84720],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84721,84722],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84723,84717],{"class":50},[20,84725,84726],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,84728,84729,84730,86],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[167,84731,84732,5153],{"href":73882},[15,84733,73785],{},[131,84735,350,84737,84739],{"id":84736},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,84738,83596],{}," with a key function",[20,84741,140,84742,84744],{},[15,84743,14195],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,84746,10822],{},[145,84748,84749,84754,84759],{},[148,84750,84751,84753],{},[15,84752,14195],{}," changes the comparison rule",[148,84755,84756,84758],{},[15,84757,83596],{}," still returns the original item",[148,84760,84761],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[347,84763,84765],{"id":84764},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[35,84767,84769],{"className":37,"code":84768,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84770,84771,84804],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84772,84773,84775,84777,84779,84781,84783,84785,84787,84789,84791,84793,84795,84797,84800,84802],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84774,3441],{"class":50},[44,84776,55],{"class":54},[44,84778,2993],{"class":58},[44,84780,236],{"class":235},[44,84782,67688],{"class":239},[44,84784,236],{"class":235},[44,84786,66],{"class":58},[44,84788,247],{"class":235},[44,84790,36401],{"class":239},[44,84792,236],{"class":235},[44,84794,66],{"class":58},[44,84796,247],{"class":235},[44,84798,84799],{"class":239},"giraffe",[44,84801,236],{"class":235},[44,84803,3006],{"class":58},[44,84805,84806,84808,84810,84812,84814,84816,84818,84820,84822,84824],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,84807,100],{"class":99},[44,84809,103],{"class":58},[44,84811,84021],{"class":99},[44,84813,103],{"class":58},[44,84815,3485],{"class":89},[44,84817,66],{"class":58},[44,84819,20927],{"class":8546},[44,84821,55],{"class":54},[44,84823,10529],{"class":99},[44,84825,993],{"class":58},[20,84827,111],{},[35,84829,84831],{"className":37,"code":84830,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cat\n",[15,84832,84833],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84834,84835],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84836,84830],{"class":50},[347,84838,84840],{"id":84839},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[35,84842,84844],{"className":37,"code":84843,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,84845,84846,84856,84891,84923,84955,84959,84963,85002],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84847,84848,84851,84853],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84849,84850],{"class":50},"students ",[44,84852,55],{"class":54},[44,84854,84855],{"class":58}," [\n",[44,84857,84858,84861,84863,84865,84867,84869,84871,84873,84875,84877,84879,84882,84884,84886,84888],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,84859,84860],{"class":58},"    {",[44,84862,236],{"class":235},[44,84864,7041],{"class":239},[44,84866,236],{"class":235},[44,84868,2255],{"class":58},[44,84870,247],{"class":235},[44,84872,12237],{"class":239},[44,84874,236],{"class":235},[44,84876,66],{"class":58},[44,84878,247],{"class":235},[44,84880,84881],{"class":239},"score",[44,84883,236],{"class":235},[44,84885,2255],{"class":58},[44,84887,12861],{"class":62},[44,84889,84890],{"class":58},"},\n",[44,84892,84893,84895,84897,84899,84901,84903,84905,84907,84909,84911,84913,84915,84917,84919,84921],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,84894,84860],{"class":58},[44,84896,236],{"class":235},[44,84898,7041],{"class":239},[44,84900,236],{"class":235},[44,84902,2255],{"class":58},[44,84904,247],{"class":235},[44,84906,35294],{"class":239},[44,84908,236],{"class":235},[44,84910,66],{"class":58},[44,84912,247],{"class":235},[44,84914,84881],{"class":239},[44,84916,236],{"class":235},[44,84918,2255],{"class":58},[44,84920,84482],{"class":62},[44,84922,84890],{"class":58},[44,84924,84925,84927,84929,84931,84933,84935,84937,84939,84941,84943,84945,84947,84949,84951,84953],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,84926,84860],{"class":58},[44,84928,236],{"class":235},[44,84930,7041],{"class":239},[44,84932,236],{"class":235},[44,84934,2255],{"class":58},[44,84936,247],{"class":235},[44,84938,35303],{"class":239},[44,84940,236],{"class":235},[44,84942,66],{"class":58},[44,84944,247],{"class":235},[44,84946,84881],{"class":239},[44,84948,236],{"class":235},[44,84950,2255],{"class":58},[44,84952,19246],{"class":62},[44,84954,77],{"class":58},[44,84956,84957],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,84958,3006],{"class":58},[44,84960,84961],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,84962,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,84964,84965,84968,84970,84973,84975,84978,84980,84982,84984,84986,84988,84990,84992,84994,84996,84998,85000],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,84966,84967],{"class":50},"lowest ",[44,84969,55],{"class":54},[44,84971,84972],{"class":99}," min",[44,84974,103],{"class":58},[44,84976,84977],{"class":89},"students",[44,84979,66],{"class":58},[44,84981,20927],{"class":8546},[44,84983,55],{"class":54},[44,84985,37014],{"class":1008},[44,84987,12263],{"class":37017},[44,84989,2255],{"class":58},[44,84991,12263],{"class":89},[44,84993,3270],{"class":58},[44,84995,236],{"class":235},[44,84997,84881],{"class":239},[44,84999,236],{"class":235},[44,85001,3258],{"class":58},[44,85003,85004,85006,85008,85011],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,85005,100],{"class":99},[44,85007,103],{"class":58},[44,85009,85010],{"class":89},"lowest",[44,85012,108],{"class":58},[20,85014,111],{},[35,85016,85018],{"className":37,"code":85017,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85019,85020],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85021,85022,85024,85026,85028,85030,85032,85034,85036,85038,85040,85042,85044,85046,85048,85050],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85023,550],{"class":58},[44,85025,1018],{"class":235},[44,85027,7041],{"class":239},[44,85029,1018],{"class":235},[44,85031,2255],{"class":58},[44,85033,1012],{"class":235},[44,85035,35294],{"class":239},[44,85037,1018],{"class":235},[44,85039,66],{"class":58},[44,85041,1012],{"class":235},[44,85043,84881],{"class":239},[44,85045,1018],{"class":235},[44,85047,2255],{"class":58},[44,85049,84482],{"class":62},[44,85051,77],{"class":58},[20,85053,85054,85055,85058],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85056,85057],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[131,85060,350,85062,85064],{"id":85061},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85063,82297],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85066,85067],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[35,85069,85071],{"className":37,"code":85070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85072,85073,85081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85074,85075,85077,85079],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85076,51],{"class":50},[44,85078,55],{"class":54},[44,85080,7211],{"class":58},[44,85082,85083,85085,85087,85089,85091,85093],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,85084,100],{"class":99},[44,85086,103],{"class":58},[44,85088,84021],{"class":99},[44,85090,103],{"class":58},[44,85092,83],{"class":89},[44,85094,993],{"class":58},[20,85096,111],{},[35,85098,85100],{"className":37,"code":85099,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85101,85102],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85103,85104,85106,85108,85110,85112,85114,85116],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85105,40060],{"class":121},[44,85107,2255],{"class":58},[44,85109,84972],{"class":99},[44,85111,6738],{"class":58},[44,85113,83267],{"class":50},[44,85115,11552],{"class":54},[44,85117,83272],{"class":50},[20,85119,85120,85121,2255],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85122,82297],{},[35,85124,85126],{"className":37,"code":85125,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85127,85128,85136],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85129,85130,85132,85134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85131,51],{"class":50},[44,85133,55],{"class":54},[44,85135,7211],{"class":58},[44,85137,85138,85140,85142,85144,85146,85148,85150,85152,85154,85156],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,85139,100],{"class":99},[44,85141,103],{"class":58},[44,85143,84021],{"class":99},[44,85145,103],{"class":58},[44,85147,83],{"class":89},[44,85149,66],{"class":58},[44,85151,25871],{"class":8546},[44,85153,55],{"class":54},[44,85155,159],{"class":692},[44,85157,993],{"class":58},[20,85159,111],{},[35,85161,85162],{"className":37,"code":693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85163,85164],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85165,85166],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85167,693],{"class":692},[20,85169,85170],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85172,85173],{},"Remember:",[145,85175,85176,85184],{},[148,85177,85178,85180,85181,85183],{},[15,85179,82297],{}," works only when ",[15,85182,83596],{}," gets one iterable argument",[148,85185,85186,85187],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85188,85189],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85191,85192,85193,86],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[167,85194,65201],{"href":72239},[131,85196,10112],{"id":10111},[20,85198,56135,85199,86],{},[15,85200,83596],{},[347,85202,85204,85205],{"id":85203},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85206,82297],{},[20,85208,2373,85209,2255],{},[15,85210,40060],{},[35,85212,85214],{"className":37,"code":85213,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85215,85216,85224],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85217,85218,85220,85222],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85219,362],{"class":50},[44,85221,55],{"class":54},[44,85223,7211],{"class":58},[44,85225,85226,85228,85230,85232,85234,85236],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,85227,100],{"class":99},[44,85229,103],{"class":58},[44,85231,84021],{"class":99},[44,85233,103],{"class":58},[44,85235,397],{"class":89},[44,85237,993],{"class":58},[20,85239,85240],{},"Fix it by:",[145,85242,85243,85246],{},[148,85244,85245],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[148,85247,85248,85249],{},"or using ",[15,85250,82297],{},[35,85252,85254],{"className":37,"code":85253,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85255,85256,85264],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85257,85258,85260,85262],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85259,362],{"class":50},[44,85261,55],{"class":54},[44,85263,7211],{"class":58},[44,85265,85266,85268,85270,85272,85274,85276,85278,85280,85282,85284,85287,85289],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,85267,100],{"class":99},[44,85269,103],{"class":58},[44,85271,84021],{"class":99},[44,85273,103],{"class":58},[44,85275,397],{"class":89},[44,85277,66],{"class":58},[44,85279,25871],{"class":8546},[44,85281,55],{"class":54},[44,85283,236],{"class":235},[44,85285,85286],{"class":239},"no items",[44,85288,236],{"class":235},[44,85290,993],{"class":58},[347,85292,85294],{"id":85293},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85296,85297],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[35,85299,85301],{"className":37,"code":85300,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85302,85303,85327],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85304,85305,85307,85309,85311,85313,85315,85317,85319,85321,85323,85325],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85306,8536],{"class":50},[44,85308,55],{"class":54},[44,85310,2993],{"class":58},[44,85312,1701],{"class":62},[44,85314,66],{"class":58},[44,85316,247],{"class":235},[44,85318,15105],{"class":239},[44,85320,236],{"class":235},[44,85322,66],{"class":58},[44,85324,3975],{"class":62},[44,85326,3006],{"class":58},[44,85328,85329,85331,85333,85335,85337,85339],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,85330,100],{"class":99},[44,85332,103],{"class":58},[44,85334,84021],{"class":99},[44,85336,103],{"class":58},[44,85338,8575],{"class":89},[44,85340,993],{"class":58},[20,85342,111],{},[35,85344,85346],{"className":37,"code":85345,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError\n",[15,85347,85348],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85349,85350],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85351,85345],{"class":121},[20,85353,85354],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85356,85357,85358,86],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85359,83596],{},[35,85361,85363],{"className":37,"code":85362,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85364,85365,85389,85415],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85366,85367,85369,85371,85373,85375,85377,85379,85381,85383,85385,85387],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85368,8536],{"class":50},[44,85370,55],{"class":54},[44,85372,2993],{"class":58},[44,85374,1701],{"class":62},[44,85376,66],{"class":58},[44,85378,247],{"class":235},[44,85380,15105],{"class":239},[44,85382,236],{"class":235},[44,85384,66],{"class":58},[44,85386,3975],{"class":62},[44,85388,3006],{"class":58},[44,85390,85391,85393,85395,85397,85399,85401,85403,85405,85407,85409,85411,85413],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,85392,51],{"class":50},[44,85394,55],{"class":54},[44,85396,2993],{"class":58},[44,85398,1558],{"class":121},[44,85400,103],{"class":58},[44,85402,1104],{"class":89},[44,85404,3032],{"class":58},[44,85406,3246],{"class":3245},[44,85408,3249],{"class":50},[44,85410,3252],{"class":3245},[44,85412,13920],{"class":50},[44,85414,3006],{"class":58},[44,85416,85417,85419,85421,85423,85425,85427],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,85418,100],{"class":99},[44,85420,103],{"class":58},[44,85422,84021],{"class":99},[44,85424,103],{"class":58},[44,85426,83],{"class":89},[44,85428,993],{"class":58},[20,85430,111],{},[35,85432,85433],{"className":37,"code":2318,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85434,85435],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85436,85437],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85438,2318],{"class":62},[20,85440,85441,85442,86],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85443,2376],{},[347,85445,85447],{"id":85446},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,85449,85450],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[35,85452,85454],{"className":37,"code":85453,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85455,85456,85488],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85457,85458,85460,85462,85464,85466,85468,85470,85472,85474,85476,85478,85480,85482,85484,85486],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85459,3441],{"class":50},[44,85461,55],{"class":54},[44,85463,2993],{"class":58},[44,85465,236],{"class":235},[44,85467,78921],{"class":239},[44,85469,236],{"class":235},[44,85471,66],{"class":58},[44,85473,247],{"class":235},[44,85475,57128],{"class":239},[44,85477,236],{"class":235},[44,85479,66],{"class":58},[44,85481,247],{"class":235},[44,85483,78938],{"class":239},[44,85485,236],{"class":235},[44,85487,3006],{"class":58},[44,85489,85490,85492,85494,85496,85498,85500],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,85491,100],{"class":99},[44,85493,103],{"class":58},[44,85495,84021],{"class":99},[44,85497,103],{"class":58},[44,85499,3485],{"class":89},[44,85501,993],{"class":58},[20,85503,111],{},[35,85505,85506],{"className":37,"code":84717,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85507,85508],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85509,85510],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85511,84717],{"class":50},[20,85513,85514],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[35,85516,85518],{"className":37,"code":85517,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,85519,85520,85552],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85521,85522,85524,85526,85528,85530,85532,85534,85536,85538,85540,85542,85544,85546,85548,85550],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85523,3441],{"class":50},[44,85525,55],{"class":54},[44,85527,2993],{"class":58},[44,85529,236],{"class":235},[44,85531,78921],{"class":239},[44,85533,236],{"class":235},[44,85535,66],{"class":58},[44,85537,247],{"class":235},[44,85539,57128],{"class":239},[44,85541,236],{"class":235},[44,85543,66],{"class":58},[44,85545,247],{"class":235},[44,85547,78938],{"class":239},[44,85549,236],{"class":235},[44,85551,3006],{"class":58},[44,85553,85554,85556,85558,85560,85562,85564,85566,85568,85570,85572,85574,85576],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,85555,100],{"class":99},[44,85557,103],{"class":58},[44,85559,84021],{"class":99},[44,85561,103],{"class":58},[44,85563,3485],{"class":89},[44,85565,66],{"class":58},[44,85567,20927],{"class":8546},[44,85569,55],{"class":54},[44,85571,2812],{"class":121},[44,85573,86],{"class":58},[44,85575,8014],{"class":24098},[44,85577,993],{"class":58},[20,85579,111],{},[35,85581,85582],{"className":37,"code":84717,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85583,85584],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85585,85586],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85587,84717],{"class":50},[20,85589,85590],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[131,85592,4331,85594],{"id":85593},"when-to-use-min",[15,85595,83596],{},[20,85597,1462,85598,9969],{},[15,85599,83596],{},[145,85601,85602,85605,85610],{},[148,85603,85604],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[148,85606,85607,85608],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,85609,14195],{},[148,85611,85612],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,85614,1462,85615,85619],{},[167,85616,85617],{"href":73882},[15,85618,73785],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,85621,1462,85622,85627],{},[167,85623,85625],{"href":85624},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,85626,81942],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[131,85629,2200],{"id":2199},[20,85631,83601],{},[145,85633,85634,85642,85645,85650,85657],{},[148,85635,85636,85637,85639,85640],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,85638,83596],{}," without using ",[15,85641,82297],{},[148,85643,85644],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[148,85646,923,85647,85649],{},[15,85648,83596],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[148,85651,4074,85652,85654,85655,84758],{},[15,85653,14195],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,85656,83596],{},[148,85658,350,85659,85661],{},[15,85660,82297],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,85663,85664,85665,85667],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,85666,83596],{},", these quick checks can help:",[35,85669,85671],{"className":37,"code":85670,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85672,85673,85687,85697,85711,85725,85747],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85674,85675,85677,85679,85681,85683,85685],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85676,100],{"class":99},[44,85678,103],{"class":58},[44,85680,985],{"class":121},[44,85682,103],{"class":58},[44,85684,8575],{"class":89},[44,85686,993],{"class":58},[44,85688,85689,85691,85693,85695],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,85690,100],{"class":99},[44,85692,103],{"class":58},[44,85694,8575],{"class":89},[44,85696,108],{"class":58},[44,85698,85699,85701,85703,85705,85707,85709],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,85700,100],{"class":99},[44,85702,103],{"class":58},[44,85704,10529],{"class":99},[44,85706,103],{"class":58},[44,85708,8575],{"class":89},[44,85710,993],{"class":58},[44,85712,85713,85715,85717,85719,85721,85723],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,85714,100],{"class":99},[44,85716,103],{"class":58},[44,85718,84021],{"class":99},[44,85720,103],{"class":58},[44,85722,8575],{"class":89},[44,85724,993],{"class":58},[44,85726,85727,85729,85731,85733,85735,85737,85739,85741,85743,85745],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,85728,100],{"class":99},[44,85730,103],{"class":58},[44,85732,84021],{"class":99},[44,85734,103],{"class":58},[44,85736,8575],{"class":89},[44,85738,66],{"class":58},[44,85740,25871],{"class":8546},[44,85742,55],{"class":54},[44,85744,159],{"class":692},[44,85746,993],{"class":58},[44,85748,85749,85751,85753,85755,85757,85759,85761,85763,85765,85767],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,85750,100],{"class":99},[44,85752,103],{"class":58},[44,85754,84021],{"class":99},[44,85756,103],{"class":58},[44,85758,3485],{"class":89},[44,85760,66],{"class":58},[44,85762,20927],{"class":8546},[44,85764,55],{"class":54},[44,85766,10529],{"class":99},[44,85768,993],{"class":58},[20,85770,85771,85772,85775,85776,85778],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,85773,85774],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,85777,8575],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[131,85780,1196],{"id":1195},[347,85782,1200,85784,1203],{"id":85783},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,85785,83596],{},[20,85787,85788],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[347,85790,4538,85792,83777],{"id":85791},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,85793,83596],{},[20,85795,85796],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[347,85798,71007],{"id":71006},[20,85800,85801,51856,85803,83789,85805,35975],{},[15,85802,83596],{},[15,85804,40060],{},[15,85806,82297],{},[347,85808,1200,85810,85812,85813,1239],{"id":85809},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,85811,14195],{}," do in ",[15,85814,83596],{},[20,85816,85817,85819,85820,85822],{},[15,85818,14195],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,85821,82850],{}," compares strings by length.",[347,85824,1234,85826,342,85828,1239],{"id":85825},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,85827,83596],{},[15,85829,73785],{},[20,85831,85832,85834,85835,85837],{},[15,85833,83596],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,85836,73785],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[131,85839,1251],{"id":1250},[145,85841,85842,85848,85854,85860,85864,85868],{},[148,85843,85844],{},[167,85845,85846,2878],{"href":85624},[15,85847,81942],{},[148,85849,85850],{},[167,85851,85852,2878],{"href":73882},[15,85853,73785],{},[148,85855,85856],{},[167,85857,85858,2878],{"href":41715},[15,85859,41718],{},[148,85861,85862],{},[167,85863,79234],{"href":77737},[148,85865,85866],{},[167,85867,58316],{"href":58315},[148,85869,85870],{},[167,85871,65201],{"href":72239},[1294,85873,85874],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":85876},[85877,85878,85880,85886,85888,85890,85895,85897,85903,85905,85906,85917],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":84080,"depth":80,"text":85879},"What min() does",{"id":84101,"depth":80,"text":84102,"children":85881},[85882,85883,85884,85885],{"id":84186,"depth":96,"text":84189},{"id":84248,"depth":96,"text":84251},{"id":84298,"depth":96,"text":84301},{"id":84392,"depth":96,"text":84395},{"id":84454,"depth":80,"text":85887},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":84589,"depth":80,"text":85889},"Using min() with strings",{"id":84736,"depth":80,"text":85891,"children":85892},"Using min() with a key function",[85893,85894],{"id":84764,"depth":96,"text":84765},{"id":84839,"depth":96,"text":84840},{"id":85061,"depth":80,"text":85896},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10111,"depth":80,"text":10112,"children":85898},[85899,85901,85902],{"id":85203,"depth":96,"text":85900},"Empty list without default",{"id":85293,"depth":96,"text":85294},{"id":85446,"depth":96,"text":85447},{"id":85593,"depth":80,"text":85904},"When to use min()",{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":85907},[85908,85910,85912,85913,85915],{"id":85783,"depth":96,"text":85909},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":85791,"depth":96,"text":85911},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71006,"depth":96,"text":71007},{"id":85809,"depth":96,"text":85914},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":85825,"depth":96,"text":85916},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":83963,"description":85918},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":85925,"title":85926,"body":85927,"description":88106,"extension":1331,"meta":88107,"navigation":268,"path":88108,"seo":88109,"stem":88110,"__hash__":88111},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":85928,"toc":88070},[85929,85932,85938,85944,85946,86027,86036,86040,86045,86047,86092,86094,86174,86180,86182,86185,86217,86219,86237,86239,86312,86314,86333,86337,86340,86376,86378,86445,86519,86592,86597,86601,86607,86610,86627,86630,86632,86693,86695,86715,86721,86725,86728,86798,86801,86820,86825,86901,86904,86908,86914,86918,86923,86993,86997,87002,87076,87080,87083,87158,87169,87173,87178,87268,87273,87341,87344,87363,87374,87378,87381,87386,87389,87451,87454,87465,87470,87473,87476,87481,87484,87487,87491,87494,87500,87503,87514,87516,87578,87593,87599,87602,87605,87616,87627,87633,87636,87638,87700,87710,87716,87721,87727,87731,87737,87740,87761,87763,87768,87795,87798,87825,87828,87867,87870,87908,87911,87972,87975,87977,87981,87984,87988,87994,88002,88010,88014,88017,88021,88027,88029,88067],[10,85930,85926],{"id":85931},"python-open-function-explained",[20,85933,85934,85937],{},[15,85935,85936],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,85939,85940,85941,85943],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,85942,85936],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[131,85945,1372],{"id":1371},[35,85947,85949],{"className":37,"code":85948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,85950,85951,86000,86016],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85952,85953,85956,85959,85961,85963,85966,85968,85970,85972,85974,85976,85978,85981,85983,85985,85988,85990,85992,85994,85998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85954,85955],{"class":3245},"with",[44,85957,85958],{"class":99}," open",[44,85960,103],{"class":58},[44,85962,236],{"class":235},[44,85964,85965],{"class":239},"example.txt",[44,85967,236],{"class":235},[44,85969,66],{"class":58},[44,85971,247],{"class":235},[44,85973,59866],{"class":239},[44,85975,236],{"class":235},[44,85977,66],{"class":58},[44,85979,85980],{"class":8546}," encoding",[44,85982,55],{"class":54},[44,85984,236],{"class":235},[44,85986,85987],{"class":239},"utf-8",[44,85989,236],{"class":235},[44,85991,3032],{"class":58},[44,85993,46717],{"class":3245},[44,85995,85997],{"class":85996},"sMMDD"," file",[44,85999,5764],{"class":58},[44,86001,86002,86005,86007,86009,86011,86014],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,86003,86004],{"class":50},"    content ",[44,86006,55],{"class":54},[44,86008,85997],{"class":85996},[44,86010,86],{"class":58},[44,86012,86013],{"class":89},"read",[44,86015,93],{"class":58},[44,86017,86018,86020,86022,86025],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,86019,7442],{"class":99},[44,86021,103],{"class":58},[44,86023,86024],{"class":89},"content",[44,86026,108],{"class":58},[20,86028,1462,86029,86031,86032,86035],{},[15,86030,85955],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86033,86034],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[131,86037,86039],{"id":86038},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86041,86042,86044],{},[15,86043,85936],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86046,10822],{},[145,86048,86049,86052,86057,86062],{},[148,86050,86051],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[148,86053,40262,86054,86056],{},[30,86055,604],{}," read or write anything by itself",[148,86058,16770,86059],{},[30,86060,86061],{},"file object",[148,86063,86064,86065],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[145,86066,86067,86072,86077,86082,86087],{},[148,86068,86069],{},[15,86070,86071],{},"read()",[148,86073,86074],{},[15,86075,86076],{},"readline()",[148,86078,86079],{},[15,86080,86081],{},"readlines()",[148,86083,86084],{},[15,86085,86086],{},"write()",[148,86088,86089],{},[15,86090,86091],{},"close()",[20,86093,1578],{},[35,86095,86097],{"className":37,"code":86096,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86098,86099,86138,86153,86163],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86100,86101,86104,86106,86108,86110,86112,86114,86116,86118,86120,86122,86124,86126,86128,86130,86132,86134,86136],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86102,86103],{"class":85996},"file",[44,86105,12630],{"class":54},[44,86107,85958],{"class":99},[44,86109,103],{"class":58},[44,86111,236],{"class":235},[44,86113,85965],{"class":239},[44,86115,236],{"class":235},[44,86117,66],{"class":58},[44,86119,247],{"class":235},[44,86121,59866],{"class":239},[44,86123,236],{"class":235},[44,86125,66],{"class":58},[44,86127,85980],{"class":8546},[44,86129,55],{"class":54},[44,86131,236],{"class":235},[44,86133,85987],{"class":239},[44,86135,236],{"class":235},[44,86137,108],{"class":58},[44,86139,86140,86143,86145,86147,86149,86151],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,86141,86142],{"class":50},"content ",[44,86144,55],{"class":54},[44,86146,85997],{"class":85996},[44,86148,86],{"class":58},[44,86150,86013],{"class":89},[44,86152,93],{"class":58},[44,86154,86155,86157,86159,86161],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,86156,100],{"class":99},[44,86158,103],{"class":58},[44,86160,86024],{"class":89},[44,86162,108],{"class":58},[44,86164,86165,86167,86169,86172],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,86166,86103],{"class":85996},[44,86168,86],{"class":58},[44,86170,86171],{"class":89},"close",[44,86173,93],{"class":58},[20,86175,86176,86177,86179],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86178,85955],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[131,86181,175],{"id":174},[20,86183,86184],{},"A common form is:",[35,86186,86188],{"className":37,"code":86187,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86189,86190],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86191,86192,86194,86196,86198,86200,86203,86205,86207,86209,86211,86213,86215],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86193,41784],{"class":99},[44,86195,103],{"class":58},[44,86197,86103],{"class":85996},[44,86199,66],{"class":58},[44,86201,86202],{"class":89}," mode",[44,86204,66],{"class":58},[44,86206,85980],{"class":8546},[44,86208,55],{"class":54},[44,86210,236],{"class":235},[44,86212,85987],{"class":239},[44,86214,236],{"class":235},[44,86216,108],{"class":58},[20,86218,64407],{},[145,86220,86221,86226,86231],{},[148,86222,86223,86225],{},[15,86224,86103],{}," is the file name or file path",[148,86227,86228,86230],{},[15,86229,20266],{}," controls how the file is opened",[148,86232,86233,86236],{},[15,86234,86235],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86238,1578],{},[35,86240,86242],{"className":37,"code":86241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86243,86244,86287,86302],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86245,86246,86248,86250,86252,86254,86257,86259,86261,86263,86265,86267,86269,86271,86273,86275,86277,86279,86281,86283,86285],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86247,85955],{"class":3245},[44,86249,85958],{"class":99},[44,86251,103],{"class":58},[44,86253,236],{"class":235},[44,86255,86256],{"class":239},"notes.txt",[44,86258,236],{"class":235},[44,86260,66],{"class":58},[44,86262,247],{"class":235},[44,86264,59866],{"class":239},[44,86266,236],{"class":235},[44,86268,66],{"class":58},[44,86270,85980],{"class":8546},[44,86272,55],{"class":54},[44,86274,236],{"class":235},[44,86276,85987],{"class":239},[44,86278,236],{"class":235},[44,86280,3032],{"class":58},[44,86282,46717],{"class":3245},[44,86284,85997],{"class":85996},[44,86286,5764],{"class":58},[44,86288,86289,86292,86294,86296,86298,86300],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,86290,86291],{"class":50},"    text ",[44,86293,55],{"class":54},[44,86295,85997],{"class":85996},[44,86297,86],{"class":58},[44,86299,86013],{"class":89},[44,86301,93],{"class":58},[44,86303,86304,86306,86308,86310],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,86305,7442],{"class":99},[44,86307,103],{"class":58},[44,86309,34060],{"class":89},[44,86311,108],{"class":58},[20,86313,19305],{},[145,86315,86316,86322,86327],{},[148,86317,86318,86321],{},[15,86319,86320],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[148,86323,86324,86326],{},[15,86325,86034],{}," means open for reading",[148,86328,86329,86332],{},[15,86330,86331],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[131,86334,86336],{"id":86335},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86338,86339],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[145,86341,86342,86347,86353,86358,86364,86370],{},[148,86343,86344,86346],{},[15,86345,86034],{}," = read a text file",[148,86348,86349,86352],{},[15,86350,86351],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[148,86354,86355,86357],{},[15,86356,17443],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[148,86359,86360,86363],{},[15,86361,86362],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[148,86365,86366,86369],{},[15,86367,86368],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[148,86371,86372,86375],{},[15,86373,86374],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86377,1496],{},[35,86379,86381],{"className":37,"code":86380,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86382,86383,86388,86431],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86384,86385],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86386,86387],{"class":3035},"# Read a text file\n",[44,86389,86390,86392,86394,86396,86398,86401,86403,86405,86407,86409,86411,86413,86415,86417,86419,86421,86423,86425,86427,86429],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,86391,85955],{"class":3245},[44,86393,85958],{"class":99},[44,86395,103],{"class":58},[44,86397,236],{"class":235},[44,86399,86400],{"class":239},"data.txt",[44,86402,236],{"class":235},[44,86404,66],{"class":58},[44,86406,247],{"class":235},[44,86408,59866],{"class":239},[44,86410,236],{"class":235},[44,86412,66],{"class":58},[44,86414,85980],{"class":8546},[44,86416,55],{"class":54},[44,86418,236],{"class":235},[44,86420,85987],{"class":239},[44,86422,236],{"class":235},[44,86424,3032],{"class":58},[44,86426,46717],{"class":3245},[44,86428,85997],{"class":85996},[44,86430,5764],{"class":58},[44,86432,86433,86435,86437,86439,86441,86443],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,86434,7442],{"class":99},[44,86436,103],{"class":58},[44,86438,86103],{"class":85996},[44,86440,86],{"class":58},[44,86442,86013],{"class":89},[44,86444,6566],{"class":58},[35,86446,86448],{"className":37,"code":86447,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86449,86450,86455,86497],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86451,86452],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86453,86454],{"class":3035},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[44,86456,86457,86459,86461,86463,86465,86467,86469,86471,86473,86475,86477,86479,86481,86483,86485,86487,86489,86491,86493,86495],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,86458,85955],{"class":3245},[44,86460,85958],{"class":99},[44,86462,103],{"class":58},[44,86464,236],{"class":235},[44,86466,86400],{"class":239},[44,86468,236],{"class":235},[44,86470,66],{"class":58},[44,86472,247],{"class":235},[44,86474,59849],{"class":239},[44,86476,236],{"class":235},[44,86478,66],{"class":58},[44,86480,85980],{"class":8546},[44,86482,55],{"class":54},[44,86484,236],{"class":235},[44,86486,85987],{"class":239},[44,86488,236],{"class":235},[44,86490,3032],{"class":58},[44,86492,46717],{"class":3245},[44,86494,85997],{"class":85996},[44,86496,5764],{"class":58},[44,86498,86499,86502,86504,86506,86508,86510,86512,86515,86517],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,86500,86501],{"class":85996},"    file",[44,86503,86],{"class":58},[44,86505,69557],{"class":89},[44,86507,103],{"class":58},[44,86509,236],{"class":235},[44,86511,34219],{"class":239},[44,86513,86514],{"class":33804},"\\n",[44,86516,236],{"class":235},[44,86518,108],{"class":58},[35,86520,86522],{"className":37,"code":86521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,86523,86524,86529,86571],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86525,86526],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86527,86528],{"class":3035},"# Append to a text file\n",[44,86530,86531,86533,86535,86537,86539,86541,86543,86545,86547,86549,86551,86553,86555,86557,86559,86561,86563,86565,86567,86569],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,86532,85955],{"class":3245},[44,86534,85958],{"class":99},[44,86536,103],{"class":58},[44,86538,236],{"class":235},[44,86540,86400],{"class":239},[44,86542,236],{"class":235},[44,86544,66],{"class":58},[44,86546,247],{"class":235},[44,86548,167],{"class":239},[44,86550,236],{"class":235},[44,86552,66],{"class":58},[44,86554,85980],{"class":8546},[44,86556,55],{"class":54},[44,86558,236],{"class":235},[44,86560,85987],{"class":239},[44,86562,236],{"class":235},[44,86564,3032],{"class":58},[44,86566,46717],{"class":3245},[44,86568,85997],{"class":85996},[44,86570,5764],{"class":58},[44,86572,86573,86575,86577,86579,86581,86583,86586,86588,86590],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,86574,86501],{"class":85996},[44,86576,86],{"class":58},[44,86578,69557],{"class":89},[44,86580,103],{"class":58},[44,86582,236],{"class":235},[44,86584,86585],{"class":239},"Another line",[44,86587,86514],{"class":33804},[44,86589,236],{"class":235},[44,86591,108],{"class":58},[20,86593,68709,86594,86596],{},[15,86595,86351],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[131,86598,86600],{"id":86599},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,86602,86603,21323,86605,86],{},[15,86604,85936],{},[30,86606,86061],{},[20,86608,86609],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[145,86611,86612,86617,86622],{},[148,86613,86614],{},[15,86615,86616],{},"file.read()",[148,86618,86619],{},[15,86620,86621],{},"file.write()",[148,86623,86624],{},[15,86625,86626],{},"file.close()",[20,86628,86629],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,86631,1578],{},[35,86633,86635],{"className":37,"code":86634,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,86636,86637,86679],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86638,86639,86641,86643,86645,86647,86649,86651,86653,86655,86657,86659,86661,86663,86665,86667,86669,86671,86673,86675,86677],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86640,85955],{"class":3245},[44,86642,85958],{"class":99},[44,86644,103],{"class":58},[44,86646,236],{"class":235},[44,86648,85965],{"class":239},[44,86650,236],{"class":235},[44,86652,66],{"class":58},[44,86654,247],{"class":235},[44,86656,59866],{"class":239},[44,86658,236],{"class":235},[44,86660,66],{"class":58},[44,86662,85980],{"class":8546},[44,86664,55],{"class":54},[44,86666,236],{"class":235},[44,86668,85987],{"class":239},[44,86670,236],{"class":235},[44,86672,3032],{"class":58},[44,86674,46717],{"class":3245},[44,86676,85997],{"class":85996},[44,86678,5764],{"class":58},[44,86680,86681,86683,86685,86687,86689,86691],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,86682,7442],{"class":99},[44,86684,103],{"class":58},[44,86686,985],{"class":121},[44,86688,103],{"class":58},[44,86690,86103],{"class":85996},[44,86692,993],{"class":58},[20,86694,29378],{},[35,86696,86698],{"className":37,"code":86697,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,86699,86700],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86701,86702,86704,86706,86708,86711,86713],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86703,1005],{"class":54},[44,86705,1009],{"class":1008},[44,86707,1012],{"class":235},[44,86709,86710],{"class":239},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[44,86712,1018],{"class":235},[44,86714,1021],{"class":54},[20,86716,86717,86718,86720],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,86719,85936],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[131,86722,86724],{"id":86723},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,86726,86727],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[35,86729,86730],{"className":37,"code":85948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,86731,86732,86774,86788],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86733,86734,86736,86738,86740,86742,86744,86746,86748,86750,86752,86754,86756,86758,86760,86762,86764,86766,86768,86770,86772],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86735,85955],{"class":3245},[44,86737,85958],{"class":99},[44,86739,103],{"class":58},[44,86741,236],{"class":235},[44,86743,85965],{"class":239},[44,86745,236],{"class":235},[44,86747,66],{"class":58},[44,86749,247],{"class":235},[44,86751,59866],{"class":239},[44,86753,236],{"class":235},[44,86755,66],{"class":58},[44,86757,85980],{"class":8546},[44,86759,55],{"class":54},[44,86761,236],{"class":235},[44,86763,85987],{"class":239},[44,86765,236],{"class":235},[44,86767,3032],{"class":58},[44,86769,46717],{"class":3245},[44,86771,85997],{"class":85996},[44,86773,5764],{"class":58},[44,86775,86776,86778,86780,86782,86784,86786],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,86777,86004],{"class":50},[44,86779,55],{"class":54},[44,86781,85997],{"class":85996},[44,86783,86],{"class":58},[44,86785,86013],{"class":89},[44,86787,93],{"class":58},[44,86789,86790,86792,86794,86796],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,86791,7442],{"class":99},[44,86793,103],{"class":58},[44,86795,86024],{"class":89},[44,86797,108],{"class":58},[20,86799,86800],{},"Why this is recommended:",[145,86802,86803,86808,86814,86817],{},[148,86804,86805,86807],{},[15,86806,85955],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[148,86809,86810,86811,86813],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,86812,86091],{}," yourself",[148,86815,86816],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[148,86818,86819],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,86821,83113,86822,86824],{},[15,86823,85955],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[35,86826,86827],{"className":37,"code":86096,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,86828,86829,86867,86881,86891],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86830,86831,86833,86835,86837,86839,86841,86843,86845,86847,86849,86851,86853,86855,86857,86859,86861,86863,86865],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86832,86103],{"class":85996},[44,86834,12630],{"class":54},[44,86836,85958],{"class":99},[44,86838,103],{"class":58},[44,86840,236],{"class":235},[44,86842,85965],{"class":239},[44,86844,236],{"class":235},[44,86846,66],{"class":58},[44,86848,247],{"class":235},[44,86850,59866],{"class":239},[44,86852,236],{"class":235},[44,86854,66],{"class":58},[44,86856,85980],{"class":8546},[44,86858,55],{"class":54},[44,86860,236],{"class":235},[44,86862,85987],{"class":239},[44,86864,236],{"class":235},[44,86866,108],{"class":58},[44,86868,86869,86871,86873,86875,86877,86879],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,86870,86142],{"class":50},[44,86872,55],{"class":54},[44,86874,85997],{"class":85996},[44,86876,86],{"class":58},[44,86878,86013],{"class":89},[44,86880,93],{"class":58},[44,86882,86883,86885,86887,86889],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,86884,100],{"class":99},[44,86886,103],{"class":58},[44,86888,86024],{"class":89},[44,86890,108],{"class":58},[44,86892,86893,86895,86897,86899],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,86894,86103],{"class":85996},[44,86896,86],{"class":58},[44,86898,86171],{"class":89},[44,86900,93],{"class":58},[20,86902,86903],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[131,86905,86907],{"id":86906},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,86909,86910,86911,86913],{},"Use mode ",[15,86912,86034],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[347,86915,86917],{"id":86916},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,86919,86920,86922],{},[15,86921,86071],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[35,86924,86925],{"className":37,"code":85948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,86926,86927,86969,86983],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86928,86929,86931,86933,86935,86937,86939,86941,86943,86945,86947,86949,86951,86953,86955,86957,86959,86961,86963,86965,86967],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86930,85955],{"class":3245},[44,86932,85958],{"class":99},[44,86934,103],{"class":58},[44,86936,236],{"class":235},[44,86938,85965],{"class":239},[44,86940,236],{"class":235},[44,86942,66],{"class":58},[44,86944,247],{"class":235},[44,86946,59866],{"class":239},[44,86948,236],{"class":235},[44,86950,66],{"class":58},[44,86952,85980],{"class":8546},[44,86954,55],{"class":54},[44,86956,236],{"class":235},[44,86958,85987],{"class":239},[44,86960,236],{"class":235},[44,86962,3032],{"class":58},[44,86964,46717],{"class":3245},[44,86966,85997],{"class":85996},[44,86968,5764],{"class":58},[44,86970,86971,86973,86975,86977,86979,86981],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,86972,86004],{"class":50},[44,86974,55],{"class":54},[44,86976,85997],{"class":85996},[44,86978,86],{"class":58},[44,86980,86013],{"class":89},[44,86982,93],{"class":58},[44,86984,86985,86987,86989,86991],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,86986,7442],{"class":99},[44,86988,103],{"class":58},[44,86990,86024],{"class":89},[44,86992,108],{"class":58},[347,86994,86996],{"id":86995},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,86998,86999,87001],{},[15,87000,86076],{}," reads one line at a time.",[35,87003,87005],{"className":37,"code":87004,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87006,87007,87049,87065],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87008,87009,87011,87013,87015,87017,87019,87021,87023,87025,87027,87029,87031,87033,87035,87037,87039,87041,87043,87045,87047],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87010,85955],{"class":3245},[44,87012,85958],{"class":99},[44,87014,103],{"class":58},[44,87016,236],{"class":235},[44,87018,85965],{"class":239},[44,87020,236],{"class":235},[44,87022,66],{"class":58},[44,87024,247],{"class":235},[44,87026,59866],{"class":239},[44,87028,236],{"class":235},[44,87030,66],{"class":58},[44,87032,85980],{"class":8546},[44,87034,55],{"class":54},[44,87036,236],{"class":235},[44,87038,85987],{"class":239},[44,87040,236],{"class":235},[44,87042,3032],{"class":58},[44,87044,46717],{"class":3245},[44,87046,85997],{"class":85996},[44,87048,5764],{"class":58},[44,87050,87051,87054,87056,87058,87060,87063],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,87052,87053],{"class":50},"    first_line ",[44,87055,55],{"class":54},[44,87057,85997],{"class":85996},[44,87059,86],{"class":58},[44,87061,87062],{"class":89},"readline",[44,87064,93],{"class":58},[44,87066,87067,87069,87071,87074],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,87068,7442],{"class":99},[44,87070,103],{"class":58},[44,87072,87073],{"class":89},"first_line",[44,87075,108],{"class":58},[347,87077,87079],{"id":87078},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87081,87082],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[35,87084,87086],{"className":37,"code":87085,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87087,87088,87130,87144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87089,87090,87092,87094,87096,87098,87100,87102,87104,87106,87108,87110,87112,87114,87116,87118,87120,87122,87124,87126,87128],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87091,85955],{"class":3245},[44,87093,85958],{"class":99},[44,87095,103],{"class":58},[44,87097,236],{"class":235},[44,87099,85965],{"class":239},[44,87101,236],{"class":235},[44,87103,66],{"class":58},[44,87105,247],{"class":235},[44,87107,59866],{"class":239},[44,87109,236],{"class":235},[44,87111,66],{"class":58},[44,87113,85980],{"class":8546},[44,87115,55],{"class":54},[44,87117,236],{"class":235},[44,87119,85987],{"class":239},[44,87121,236],{"class":235},[44,87123,3032],{"class":58},[44,87125,46717],{"class":3245},[44,87127,85997],{"class":85996},[44,87129,5764],{"class":58},[44,87131,87132,87135,87138,87140,87142],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,87133,87134],{"class":3245},"    for",[44,87136,87137],{"class":50}," line ",[44,87139,3252],{"class":3245},[44,87141,85997],{"class":85996},[44,87143,5764],{"class":58},[44,87145,87146,87148,87150,87152,87154,87156],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,87147,46697],{"class":99},[44,87149,103],{"class":58},[44,87151,46],{"class":89},[44,87153,86],{"class":58},[44,87155,8008],{"class":89},[44,87157,6566],{"class":58},[20,87159,87160,87161,945,87165,86],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[167,87162,87164],{"href":87163},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[167,87166,87168],{"href":87167},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[131,87170,87172],{"id":87171},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87174,1462,87175,87177],{},[15,87176,86351],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[35,87179,87181],{"className":37,"code":87180,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87182,87183,87226,87247],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87184,87185,87187,87189,87191,87193,87196,87198,87200,87202,87204,87206,87208,87210,87212,87214,87216,87218,87220,87222,87224],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87186,85955],{"class":3245},[44,87188,85958],{"class":99},[44,87190,103],{"class":58},[44,87192,236],{"class":235},[44,87194,87195],{"class":239},"output.txt",[44,87197,236],{"class":235},[44,87199,66],{"class":58},[44,87201,247],{"class":235},[44,87203,59849],{"class":239},[44,87205,236],{"class":235},[44,87207,66],{"class":58},[44,87209,85980],{"class":8546},[44,87211,55],{"class":54},[44,87213,236],{"class":235},[44,87215,85987],{"class":239},[44,87217,236],{"class":235},[44,87219,3032],{"class":58},[44,87221,46717],{"class":3245},[44,87223,85997],{"class":85996},[44,87225,5764],{"class":58},[44,87227,87228,87230,87232,87234,87236,87238,87241,87243,87245],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,87229,86501],{"class":85996},[44,87231,86],{"class":58},[44,87233,69557],{"class":89},[44,87235,103],{"class":58},[44,87237,236],{"class":235},[44,87239,87240],{"class":239},"First line",[44,87242,86514],{"class":33804},[44,87244,236],{"class":235},[44,87246,108],{"class":58},[44,87248,87249,87251,87253,87255,87257,87259,87262,87264,87266],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,87250,86501],{"class":85996},[44,87252,86],{"class":58},[44,87254,69557],{"class":89},[44,87256,103],{"class":58},[44,87258,236],{"class":235},[44,87260,87261],{"class":239},"Second line",[44,87263,86514],{"class":33804},[44,87265,236],{"class":235},[44,87267,108],{"class":58},[20,87269,1462,87270,87272],{},[15,87271,17443],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[35,87274,87276],{"className":37,"code":87275,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87277,87278,87320],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87279,87280,87282,87284,87286,87288,87290,87292,87294,87296,87298,87300,87302,87304,87306,87308,87310,87312,87314,87316,87318],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87281,85955],{"class":3245},[44,87283,85958],{"class":99},[44,87285,103],{"class":58},[44,87287,236],{"class":235},[44,87289,87195],{"class":239},[44,87291,236],{"class":235},[44,87293,66],{"class":58},[44,87295,247],{"class":235},[44,87297,167],{"class":239},[44,87299,236],{"class":235},[44,87301,66],{"class":58},[44,87303,85980],{"class":8546},[44,87305,55],{"class":54},[44,87307,236],{"class":235},[44,87309,85987],{"class":239},[44,87311,236],{"class":235},[44,87313,3032],{"class":58},[44,87315,46717],{"class":3245},[44,87317,85997],{"class":85996},[44,87319,5764],{"class":58},[44,87321,87322,87324,87326,87328,87330,87332,87335,87337,87339],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,87323,86501],{"class":85996},[44,87325,86],{"class":58},[44,87327,69557],{"class":89},[44,87329,103],{"class":58},[44,87331,236],{"class":235},[44,87333,87334],{"class":239},"Third line",[44,87336,86514],{"class":33804},[44,87338,236],{"class":235},[44,87340,108],{"class":58},[20,87342,87343],{},"Important detail:",[145,87345,87346,87351,87358],{},[148,87347,87348,87350],{},[15,87349,86086],{}," writes a string",[148,87352,87353,601,87355,87357],{},[15,87354,86086],{},[30,87356,604],{}," add a newline for you",[148,87359,87360,87361,86813],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87362,86514],{},[20,87364,87365,87366,945,87370,86],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[167,87367,87369],{"href":87368},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[167,87371,87373],{"href":87372},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[131,87375,87377],{"id":87376},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87379,87380],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[347,87382,87384],{"id":87383},"encodingutf-8",[15,87385,86331],{},[20,87387,87388],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[35,87390,87392],{"className":37,"code":87391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87393,87394,87437],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87395,87396,87398,87400,87402,87404,87407,87409,87411,87413,87415,87417,87419,87421,87423,87425,87427,87429,87431,87433,87435],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87397,85955],{"class":3245},[44,87399,85958],{"class":99},[44,87401,103],{"class":58},[44,87403,236],{"class":235},[44,87405,87406],{"class":239},"message.txt",[44,87408,236],{"class":235},[44,87410,66],{"class":58},[44,87412,247],{"class":235},[44,87414,59866],{"class":239},[44,87416,236],{"class":235},[44,87418,66],{"class":58},[44,87420,85980],{"class":8546},[44,87422,55],{"class":54},[44,87424,236],{"class":235},[44,87426,85987],{"class":239},[44,87428,236],{"class":235},[44,87430,3032],{"class":58},[44,87432,46717],{"class":3245},[44,87434,85997],{"class":85996},[44,87436,5764],{"class":58},[44,87438,87439,87441,87443,87445,87447,87449],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,87440,7442],{"class":99},[44,87442,103],{"class":58},[44,87444,86103],{"class":85996},[44,87446,86],{"class":58},[44,87448,86013],{"class":89},[44,87450,6566],{"class":58},[20,87452,87453],{},"Why it matters:",[145,87455,87456,87459,87462],{},[148,87457,87458],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[148,87460,87461],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[148,87463,87464],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[347,87466,87468],{"id":87467},"newline",[15,87469,87467],{},[20,87471,87472],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,87474,87475],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[347,87477,87479],{"id":87478},"buffering",[15,87480,87478],{},[20,87482,87483],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,87485,87486],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[131,87488,87490],{"id":87489},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,87492,87493],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[347,87495,87497],{"id":87496},"filenotfounderror",[15,87498,87499],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,87501,87502],{},"This happens when:",[145,87504,87505,87508,87511],{},[148,87506,87507],{},"the file does not exist",[148,87509,87510],{},"the path is wrong",[148,87512,87513],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,87515,1578],{},[35,87517,87519],{"className":37,"code":87518,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87520,87521,87564],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87522,87523,87525,87527,87529,87531,87534,87536,87538,87540,87542,87544,87546,87548,87550,87552,87554,87556,87558,87560,87562],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87524,85955],{"class":3245},[44,87526,85958],{"class":99},[44,87528,103],{"class":58},[44,87530,236],{"class":235},[44,87532,87533],{"class":239},"missing.txt",[44,87535,236],{"class":235},[44,87537,66],{"class":58},[44,87539,247],{"class":235},[44,87541,59866],{"class":239},[44,87543,236],{"class":235},[44,87545,66],{"class":58},[44,87547,85980],{"class":8546},[44,87549,55],{"class":54},[44,87551,236],{"class":235},[44,87553,85987],{"class":239},[44,87555,236],{"class":235},[44,87557,3032],{"class":58},[44,87559,46717],{"class":3245},[44,87561,85997],{"class":85996},[44,87563,5764],{"class":58},[44,87565,87566,87568,87570,87572,87574,87576],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,87567,7442],{"class":99},[44,87569,103],{"class":58},[44,87571,86103],{"class":85996},[44,87573,86],{"class":58},[44,87575,86013],{"class":89},[44,87577,6566],{"class":58},[20,87579,87580,87581,342,87589,86],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[167,87582,87584,87585,87588],{"href":87583},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[44,87586,87587],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[167,87590,87592],{"href":87591},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[347,87594,87596],{"id":87595},"permissionerror",[15,87597,87598],{},"PermissionError",[20,87600,87601],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,87603,87604],{},"Example causes:",[145,87606,87607,87610,87613],{},[148,87608,87609],{},"the file is protected",[148,87611,87612],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[148,87614,87615],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,87617,87618,87619],{},"Related page: ",[167,87620,87622,87623,87626],{"href":87621},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[44,87624,87625],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[347,87628,87630],{"id":87629},"isadirectoryerror",[15,87631,87632],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,87634,87635],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,87637,1578],{},[35,87639,87641],{"className":37,"code":87640,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87642,87643,87686],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87644,87645,87647,87649,87651,87653,87656,87658,87660,87662,87664,87666,87668,87670,87672,87674,87676,87678,87680,87682,87684],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87646,85955],{"class":3245},[44,87648,85958],{"class":99},[44,87650,103],{"class":58},[44,87652,236],{"class":235},[44,87654,87655],{"class":239},"my_folder",[44,87657,236],{"class":235},[44,87659,66],{"class":58},[44,87661,247],{"class":235},[44,87663,59866],{"class":239},[44,87665,236],{"class":235},[44,87667,66],{"class":58},[44,87669,85980],{"class":8546},[44,87671,55],{"class":54},[44,87673,236],{"class":235},[44,87675,85987],{"class":239},[44,87677,236],{"class":235},[44,87679,3032],{"class":58},[44,87681,46717],{"class":3245},[44,87683,85997],{"class":85996},[44,87685,5764],{"class":58},[44,87687,87688,87690,87692,87694,87696,87698],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,87689,7442],{"class":99},[44,87691,103],{"class":58},[44,87693,86103],{"class":85996},[44,87695,86],{"class":58},[44,87697,86013],{"class":89},[44,87699,6566],{"class":58},[20,87701,87618,87702],{},[167,87703,87705,87706,87709],{"href":87704},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[44,87707,87708],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[347,87711,87713],{"id":87712},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,87714,87715],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,87717,87718,87719,86],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,87720,85936],{},[20,87722,87618,87723],{},[167,87724,87726],{"href":87725},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[131,87728,87730],{"id":87729},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,87732,87733,87734,87736],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,87735,85936],{}," function.",[20,87738,87739],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[145,87741,87742,87745,87748,87754],{},[148,87743,87744],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[148,87746,87747],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[148,87749,87750,87751,87753],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,87752,85936],{}," itself",[148,87755,87756,87757],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[167,87758,87760],{"href":87759},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[131,87762,2200],{"id":2199},[20,87764,87765,87766,2255],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,87767,85936],{},[145,87769,87770,87775,87781,87786,87789,87792],{},[148,87771,350,87772,87774],{},[15,87773,86034],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[148,87776,87777,87778,87780],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,87779,86235],{}," for text files",[148,87782,350,87783,87785],{},[15,87784,86351],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[148,87787,87788],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[148,87790,87791],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[148,87793,87794],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,87796,87797],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[35,87799,87801],{"className":37,"code":87800,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,87802,87803,87810],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87804,87805,87807],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87806,34443],{"class":3245},[44,87808,87809],{"class":50}," os\n",[44,87811,87812,87814,87816,87818,87820,87823],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,87813,100],{"class":99},[44,87815,103],{"class":58},[44,87817,41983],{"class":89},[44,87819,86],{"class":58},[44,87821,87822],{"class":89},"getcwd",[44,87824,6566],{"class":58},[20,87826,87827],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[35,87829,87831],{"className":37,"code":87830,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,87832,87833,87839],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87834,87835,87837],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87836,34443],{"class":3245},[44,87838,87809],{"class":50},[44,87840,87841,87843,87845,87847,87849,87852,87854,87857,87859,87861,87863,87865],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,87842,100],{"class":99},[44,87844,103],{"class":58},[44,87846,41983],{"class":89},[44,87848,86],{"class":58},[44,87850,87851],{"class":24098},"path",[44,87853,86],{"class":58},[44,87855,87856],{"class":89},"exists",[44,87858,103],{"class":58},[44,87860,236],{"class":235},[44,87862,85965],{"class":239},[44,87864,236],{"class":235},[44,87866,993],{"class":58},[20,87868,87869],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[35,87871,87873],{"className":37,"code":87872,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,87874,87875,87881],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87876,87877,87879],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87878,34443],{"class":3245},[44,87880,87809],{"class":50},[44,87882,87883,87885,87887,87889,87891,87893,87895,87898,87900,87902,87904,87906],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,87884,100],{"class":99},[44,87886,103],{"class":58},[44,87888,41983],{"class":89},[44,87890,86],{"class":58},[44,87892,87851],{"class":24098},[44,87894,86],{"class":58},[44,87896,87897],{"class":89},"isfile",[44,87899,103],{"class":58},[44,87901,236],{"class":235},[44,87903,85965],{"class":239},[44,87905,236],{"class":235},[44,87907,993],{"class":58},[20,87909,87910],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[35,87912,87914],{"className":37,"code":87913,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87915,87916,87958],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87917,87918,87920,87922,87924,87926,87928,87930,87932,87934,87936,87938,87940,87942,87944,87946,87948,87950,87952,87954,87956],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87919,85955],{"class":3245},[44,87921,85958],{"class":99},[44,87923,103],{"class":58},[44,87925,236],{"class":235},[44,87927,85965],{"class":239},[44,87929,236],{"class":235},[44,87931,66],{"class":58},[44,87933,247],{"class":235},[44,87935,59866],{"class":239},[44,87937,236],{"class":235},[44,87939,66],{"class":58},[44,87941,85980],{"class":8546},[44,87943,55],{"class":54},[44,87945,236],{"class":235},[44,87947,85987],{"class":239},[44,87949,236],{"class":235},[44,87951,3032],{"class":58},[44,87953,46717],{"class":3245},[44,87955,85997],{"class":85996},[44,87957,5764],{"class":58},[44,87959,87960,87962,87964,87966,87968,87970],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,87961,7442],{"class":99},[44,87963,103],{"class":58},[44,87965,86103],{"class":85996},[44,87967,86],{"class":58},[44,87969,86013],{"class":89},[44,87971,6566],{"class":58},[20,87973,87974],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[131,87976,1196],{"id":1195},[347,87978,87980],{"id":87979},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,87982,87983],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[347,87985,87987],{"id":87986},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,87989,87990,87991,87993],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,87992,85955],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[347,87995,1234,87997,342,87999,88001],{"id":87996},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,87998,86351],{},[15,88000,17443],{}," mode?",[20,88003,88004,88006,88007,88009],{},[15,88005,86351],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88008,17443],{}," adds new content to the end.",[347,88011,88013],{"id":88012},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88015,88016],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[347,88018,88020],{"id":88019},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88022,88023,88024,88026],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88025,86331],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[131,88028,1251],{"id":1250},[145,88030,88031,88035,88039,88043,88047,88051,88055,88061],{},[148,88032,88033],{},[167,88034,87164],{"href":87163},[148,88036,88037],{},[167,88038,87369],{"href":87368},[148,88040,88041],{},[167,88042,87373],{"href":87372},[148,88044,88045],{},[167,88046,87168],{"href":87167},[148,88048,88049],{},[167,88050,87760],{"href":87759},[148,88052,88053],{},[167,88054,87592],{"href":87591},[148,88056,88057],{},[167,88058,87584,88059,87588],{"href":87583},[44,88060,87587],{},[148,88062,88063],{},[167,88064,87622,88065,87626],{"href":87621},[44,88066,87625],{},[1294,88068,88069],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":88071},[88072,88073,88074,88075,88076,88077,88078,88083,88084,88089,88095,88096,88097,88105],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":86038,"depth":80,"text":86039},{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":86335,"depth":80,"text":86336},{"id":86599,"depth":80,"text":86600},{"id":86723,"depth":80,"text":86724},{"id":86906,"depth":80,"text":86907,"children":88079},[88080,88081,88082],{"id":86916,"depth":96,"text":86917},{"id":86995,"depth":96,"text":86996},{"id":87078,"depth":96,"text":87079},{"id":87171,"depth":80,"text":87172},{"id":87376,"depth":80,"text":87377,"children":88085},[88086,88087,88088],{"id":87383,"depth":96,"text":86331},{"id":87467,"depth":96,"text":87467},{"id":87478,"depth":96,"text":87478},{"id":87489,"depth":80,"text":87490,"children":88090},[88091,88092,88093,88094],{"id":87496,"depth":96,"text":87499},{"id":87595,"depth":96,"text":87598},{"id":87629,"depth":96,"text":87632},{"id":87712,"depth":96,"text":87715},{"id":87729,"depth":80,"text":87730},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":88098},[88099,88100,88101,88103,88104],{"id":87979,"depth":96,"text":87980},{"id":87986,"depth":96,"text":87987},{"id":87996,"depth":96,"text":88102},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88012,"depth":96,"text":88013},{"id":88019,"depth":96,"text":88020},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":85926,"description":88106},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88113,"title":88114,"body":88115,"description":90110,"extension":1331,"meta":90111,"navigation":268,"path":90112,"seo":90113,"stem":90114,"__hash__":90115},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88116,"toc":90057},[88117,88122,88127,88133,88135,88203,88205,88224,88229,88234,88239,88242,88254,88256,88299,88301,88319,88330,88332,88334,88359,88361,88372,88374,88434,88436,88462,88465,88469,88474,88478,88481,88515,88519,88522,88547,88551,88574,88578,88611,88616,88620,88625,88628,88696,88698,88722,88727,88730,88761,88763,88795,88812,88816,88821,88845,88852,88857,88862,88865,88869,88904,88906,88915,88919,89010,89012,89043,89048,89055,89060,89069,89072,89106,89108,89122,89126,89167,89169,89178,89182,89230,89232,89246,89251,89262,89269,89275,89277,89312,89314,89328,89331,89353,89359,89388,89399,89405,89411,89425,89427,89506,89508,89558,89565,89567,89572,89576,89579,89594,89599,89601,89620,89626,89629,89644,89646,89664,89670,89675,89705,89708,89731,89734,89761,89768,89774,89782,89805,89810,89818,89820,89840,89844,89850,89900,89903,89925,89927,89933,89941,89947,89953,89961,89966,89970,89973,89996,90001,90008,90020,90022,90054],[10,88118,2945,88120,2949],{"id":88119},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88121,45811],{},[20,88123,31667,88124,88126],{},[15,88125,45811],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88128,88129,88130,88132],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88131,45811],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[131,88134,1372],{"id":1371},[35,88136,88138],{"className":37,"code":88137,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88139,88140,88152,88161,88165,88175,88185],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88141,88142,88144,88146,88148,88150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88143,7249],{"class":50},[44,88145,55],{"class":54},[44,88147,247],{"class":235},[44,88149,7294],{"class":239},[44,88151,2727],{"class":235},[44,88153,88154,88156,88158],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,88155,20976],{"class":50},[44,88157,55],{"class":54},[44,88159,88160],{"class":62}," 12\n",[44,88162,88163],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,88164,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,88166,88167,88169,88171,88173],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,88168,100],{"class":99},[44,88170,103],{"class":58},[44,88172,7041],{"class":89},[44,88174,108],{"class":58},[44,88176,88177,88179,88181,88183],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,88178,100],{"class":99},[44,88180,103],{"class":58},[44,88182,8669],{"class":89},[44,88184,108],{"class":58},[44,88186,88187,88189,88191,88193,88195,88197,88199,88201],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,88188,100],{"class":99},[44,88190,103],{"class":58},[44,88192,236],{"class":235},[44,88194,34219],{"class":239},[44,88196,236],{"class":235},[44,88198,66],{"class":58},[44,88200,35345],{"class":89},[44,88202,108],{"class":58},[20,88204,111],{},[35,88206,88208],{"className":37,"code":88207,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88209,88210,88215,88219],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88211,88212],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88213,88214],{"class":50},"Mia\n",[44,88216,88217],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,88218,1596],{"class":62},[44,88220,88221],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,88222,88223],{"class":50},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88225,1462,88226,88228],{},[15,88227,45811],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[131,88230,134,88232,137],{"id":88231},"what-print-does",[15,88233,45811],{},[20,88235,88236,88238],{},[15,88237,45811],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88240,88241],{},"You can use it to display:",[145,88243,88244,88246,88248,88251],{},[148,88245,34060],{},[148,88247,83],{},[148,88249,88250],{},"variables",[148,88252,88253],{},"expressions",[20,88255,1578],{},[35,88257,88259],{"className":37,"code":88258,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88260,88261,88275,88285],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88262,88263,88265,88267,88269,88271,88273],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88264,100],{"class":99},[44,88266,103],{"class":58},[44,88268,236],{"class":235},[44,88270,34219],{"class":239},[44,88272,236],{"class":235},[44,88274,108],{"class":58},[44,88276,88277,88279,88281,88283],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,88278,100],{"class":99},[44,88280,103],{"class":58},[44,88282,1507],{"class":62},[44,88284,108],{"class":58},[44,88286,88287,88289,88291,88293,88295,88297],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,88288,100],{"class":99},[44,88290,103],{"class":58},[44,88292,1426],{"class":62},[44,88294,1824],{"class":54},[44,88296,74],{"class":62},[44,88298,108],{"class":58},[20,88300,111],{},[35,88302,88304],{"className":37,"code":88303,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88305,88306,88311,88315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88307,88308],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88309,88310],{"class":50},"Hello\n",[44,88312,88313],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,88314,2318],{"class":62},[44,88316,88317],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,88318,2318],{"class":62},[20,88320,88321,88322,88324,88325,88329],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88323,45811],{}," ",[30,88326,3063,88327],{},[15,88328,159],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[131,88331,175],{"id":174},[20,88333,30074],{},[35,88335,88337],{"className":37,"code":88336,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88338,88339],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88340,88341,88343,88345,88348,88350,88353,88355,88357],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88342,100],{"class":99},[44,88344,103],{"class":58},[44,88346,88347],{"class":89},"object1",[44,88349,66],{"class":58},[44,88351,88352],{"class":89}," object2",[44,88354,66],{"class":58},[44,88356,33805],{"class":99},[44,88358,108],{"class":58},[20,88360,79564],{},[145,88362,88363,88366,88369],{},[148,88364,88365],{},"one value",[148,88367,88368],{},"many values",[148,88370,88371],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88373,1578],{},[35,88375,88377],{"className":37,"code":88376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88378,88379,88393,88412],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88380,88381,88383,88385,88387,88389,88391],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88382,100],{"class":99},[44,88384,103],{"class":58},[44,88386,236],{"class":235},[44,88388,57128],{"class":239},[44,88390,236],{"class":235},[44,88392,108],{"class":58},[44,88394,88395,88397,88399,88401,88404,88406,88408,88410],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,88396,100],{"class":99},[44,88398,103],{"class":58},[44,88400,236],{"class":235},[44,88402,88403],{"class":239},"Score:",[44,88405,236],{"class":235},[44,88407,66],{"class":58},[44,88409,5375],{"class":62},[44,88411,108],{"class":58},[44,88413,88414,88416,88418,88420,88422,88424,88426,88428,88430,88432],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,88415,100],{"class":99},[44,88417,103],{"class":58},[44,88419,236],{"class":235},[44,88421,44922],{"class":239},[44,88423,236],{"class":235},[44,88425,66],{"class":58},[44,88427,1827],{"class":62},[44,88429,1824],{"class":54},[44,88431,36998],{"class":62},[44,88433,108],{"class":58},[20,88435,111],{},[35,88437,88439],{"className":37,"code":88438,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88440,88441,88445,88454],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88442,88443],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88444,84717],{"class":50},[44,88446,88447,88450,88452],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,88448,88449],{"class":50},"Score",[44,88451,2255],{"class":58},[44,88453,1956],{"class":62},[44,88455,88456,88458,88460],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,88457,44962],{"class":50},[44,88459,2255],{"class":58},[44,88461,1956],{"class":62},[20,88463,88464],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[131,88466,88468],{"id":88467},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,88470,88471,88472,86],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,88473,45811],{},[347,88475,88477],{"id":88476},"print-text","Print text",[20,88479,88480],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[35,88482,88484],{"className":37,"code":88483,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,88485,88486,88500],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88487,88488,88490,88492,88494,88496,88498],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88489,100],{"class":99},[44,88491,103],{"class":58},[44,88493,236],{"class":235},[44,88495,34219],{"class":239},[44,88497,236],{"class":235},[44,88499,108],{"class":58},[44,88501,88502,88504,88506,88508,88511,88513],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,88503,100],{"class":99},[44,88505,103],{"class":58},[44,88507,236],{"class":235},[44,88509,88510],{"class":239},"Python is fun",[44,88512,236],{"class":235},[44,88514,108],{"class":58},[347,88516,88518],{"id":88517},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,88520,88521],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[35,88523,88525],{"className":37,"code":88524,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,88526,88527,88537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88528,88529,88531,88533,88535],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88530,100],{"class":99},[44,88532,103],{"class":58},[44,88534,1507],{"class":62},[44,88536,108],{"class":58},[44,88538,88539,88541,88543,88545],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,88540,100],{"class":99},[44,88542,103],{"class":58},[44,88544,39499],{"class":62},[44,88546,108],{"class":58},[347,88548,88550],{"id":88549},"print-variables","Print variables",[35,88552,88554],{"className":37,"code":88553,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,88555,88556,88564],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88557,88558,88560,88562],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88559,4466],{"class":50},[44,88561,55],{"class":54},[44,88563,13484],{"class":62},[44,88565,88566,88568,88570,88572],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,88567,100],{"class":99},[44,88569,103],{"class":58},[44,88571,84881],{"class":89},[44,88573,108],{"class":58},[347,88575,88577],{"id":88576},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[35,88579,88581],{"className":37,"code":88580,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,88582,88583,88597],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88584,88585,88587,88589,88591,88593,88595],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88586,100],{"class":99},[44,88588,103],{"class":58},[44,88590,1426],{"class":62},[44,88592,1824],{"class":54},[44,88594,74],{"class":62},[44,88596,108],{"class":58},[44,88598,88599,88601,88603,88605,88607,88609],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,88600,100],{"class":99},[44,88602,103],{"class":58},[44,88604,1701],{"class":62},[44,88606,82193],{"class":54},[44,88608,1827],{"class":62},[44,88610,108],{"class":58},[20,88612,88613,88614,86],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[167,88615,50337],{"href":50336},[131,88617,88619],{"id":88618},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,88621,88622,88624],{},[15,88623,45811],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,88626,88627],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[35,88629,88631],{"className":37,"code":88630,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88632,88633,88646,88654,88658,88677],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88634,88635,88637,88639,88641,88644],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88636,7249],{"class":50},[44,88638,55],{"class":54},[44,88640,247],{"class":235},[44,88642,88643],{"class":239},"Ava",[44,88645,2727],{"class":235},[44,88647,88648,88650,88652],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,88649,20976],{"class":50},[44,88651,55],{"class":54},[44,88653,1956],{"class":62},[44,88655,88656],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,88657,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,88659,88660,88662,88664,88666,88669,88671,88673,88675],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,88661,100],{"class":99},[44,88663,103],{"class":58},[44,88665,236],{"class":235},[44,88667,88668],{"class":239},"Name:",[44,88670,236],{"class":235},[44,88672,66],{"class":58},[44,88674,35345],{"class":89},[44,88676,108],{"class":58},[44,88678,88679,88681,88683,88685,88688,88690,88692,88694],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,88680,100],{"class":99},[44,88682,103],{"class":58},[44,88684,236],{"class":235},[44,88686,88687],{"class":239},"Age:",[44,88689,236],{"class":235},[44,88691,66],{"class":58},[44,88693,8559],{"class":89},[44,88695,108],{"class":58},[20,88697,111],{},[35,88699,88701],{"className":37,"code":88700,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,88702,88703,88713],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88704,88705,88708,88710],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88706,88707],{"class":50},"Name",[44,88709,2255],{"class":58},[44,88711,88712],{"class":50}," Ava\n",[44,88714,88715,88718,88720],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,88716,88717],{"class":50},"Age",[44,88719,2255],{"class":58},[44,88721,1956],{"class":62},[20,88723,88724,88725,86],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,88726,1429],{},[20,88728,88729],{},"For example, this works:",[35,88731,88733],{"className":37,"code":88732,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88734,88735,88743],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88736,88737,88739,88741],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88738,20976],{"class":50},[44,88740,55],{"class":54},[44,88742,1956],{"class":62},[44,88744,88745,88747,88749,88751,88753,88755,88757,88759],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,88746,100],{"class":99},[44,88748,103],{"class":58},[44,88750,236],{"class":235},[44,88752,88687],{"class":239},[44,88754,236],{"class":235},[44,88756,66],{"class":58},[44,88758,8559],{"class":89},[44,88760,108],{"class":58},[20,88762,36280],{},[35,88764,88766],{"className":37,"code":88765,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,88767,88768,88776],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88769,88770,88772,88774],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88771,20976],{"class":50},[44,88773,55],{"class":54},[44,88775,1956],{"class":62},[44,88777,88778,88780,88782,88784,88787,88789,88791,88793],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,88779,100],{"class":99},[44,88781,103],{"class":58},[44,88783,236],{"class":235},[44,88785,88786],{"class":239},"Age: ",[44,88788,236],{"class":235},[44,88790,1824],{"class":54},[44,88792,8559],{"class":89},[44,88794,108],{"class":58},[20,88796,88797,88798,88801,88802,88804,88805,88807,88808,86],{},"That fails because ",[15,88799,88800],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,88803,8669],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,88806,1429],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[167,88809,88810],{"href":41532},[15,88811,47043],{},[131,88813,88815],{"id":88814},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,88817,88818,88820],{},[15,88819,45811],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[145,88822,88823,88829,88834,88839],{},[148,88824,88825,88828],{},[15,88826,88827],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[148,88830,88831,88833],{},[15,88832,52022],{}," controls what is added after the output",[148,88835,88836,88838],{},[15,88837,86103],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[148,88840,88841,88844],{},[15,88842,88843],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,88846,88847,88848,342,88850,86],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,88849,88827],{},[15,88851,52022],{},[131,88853,88855,35969],{"id":88854},"sep-argument",[15,88856,88827],{},[20,88858,140,88859,88861],{},[15,88860,88827],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,88863,88864],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[347,88866,88868],{"id":88867},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[35,88870,88872],{"className":37,"code":88871,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,88873,88874],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88875,88876,88878,88880,88882,88884,88886,88888,88890,88892,88894,88896,88898,88900,88902],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88877,100],{"class":99},[44,88879,103],{"class":58},[44,88881,236],{"class":235},[44,88883,240],{"class":239},[44,88885,236],{"class":235},[44,88887,66],{"class":58},[44,88889,247],{"class":235},[44,88891,250],{"class":239},[44,88893,236],{"class":235},[44,88895,66],{"class":58},[44,88897,247],{"class":235},[44,88899,259],{"class":239},[44,88901,236],{"class":235},[44,88903,108],{"class":58},[20,88905,111],{},[35,88907,88909],{"className":37,"code":88908,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red green blue\n",[15,88910,88911],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88912,88913],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88914,88908],{"class":50},[347,88916,88918],{"id":88917},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[35,88920,88922],{"className":37,"code":88921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,88923,88924,88967],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88925,88926,88928,88930,88932,88934,88936,88938,88940,88942,88944,88946,88948,88950,88952,88954,88957,88959,88961,88963,88965],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88927,100],{"class":99},[44,88929,103],{"class":58},[44,88931,236],{"class":235},[44,88933,240],{"class":239},[44,88935,236],{"class":235},[44,88937,66],{"class":58},[44,88939,247],{"class":235},[44,88941,250],{"class":239},[44,88943,236],{"class":235},[44,88945,66],{"class":58},[44,88947,247],{"class":235},[44,88949,259],{"class":239},[44,88951,236],{"class":235},[44,88953,66],{"class":58},[44,88955,88956],{"class":8546}," sep",[44,88958,55],{"class":54},[44,88960,236],{"class":235},[44,88962,66],{"class":239},[44,88964,236],{"class":235},[44,88966,108],{"class":58},[44,88968,88969,88971,88973,88975,88977,88979,88981,88983,88985,88987,88989,88991,88993,88995,88997,88999,89001,89003,89006,89008],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,88970,100],{"class":99},[44,88972,103],{"class":58},[44,88974,236],{"class":235},[44,88976,240],{"class":239},[44,88978,236],{"class":235},[44,88980,66],{"class":58},[44,88982,247],{"class":235},[44,88984,250],{"class":239},[44,88986,236],{"class":235},[44,88988,66],{"class":58},[44,88990,247],{"class":235},[44,88992,259],{"class":239},[44,88994,236],{"class":235},[44,88996,66],{"class":58},[44,88998,88956],{"class":8546},[44,89000,55],{"class":54},[44,89002,236],{"class":235},[44,89004,89005],{"class":239}," - ",[44,89007,236],{"class":235},[44,89009,108],{"class":58},[20,89011,111],{},[35,89013,89015],{"className":37,"code":89014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89016,89017,89029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89018,89019,89021,89023,89025,89027],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89020,240],{"class":50},[44,89022,66],{"class":58},[44,89024,250],{"class":50},[44,89026,66],{"class":58},[44,89028,69343],{"class":50},[44,89030,89031,89034,89036,89039,89041],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,89032,89033],{"class":50},"red ",[44,89035,1391],{"class":54},[44,89037,89038],{"class":50}," green ",[44,89040,1391],{"class":54},[44,89042,35234],{"class":50},[20,89044,89045,89047],{},[15,89046,88827],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89049,89050,89051,86],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[167,89052,89054],{"href":89053},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[131,89056,89058,35969],{"id":89057},"end-argument",[15,89059,52022],{},[20,89061,89062,89063,89065,89066,89068],{},"By default, ",[15,89064,45811],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89067,45811],{}," starts on a new line.",[347,89070,88868],{"id":89071},"default-behavior-1",[35,89073,89075],{"className":37,"code":89074,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89076,89077,89091],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89078,89079,89081,89083,89085,89087,89089],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89080,100],{"class":99},[44,89082,103],{"class":58},[44,89084,236],{"class":235},[44,89086,34219],{"class":239},[44,89088,236],{"class":235},[44,89090,108],{"class":58},[44,89092,89093,89095,89097,89099,89102,89104],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,89094,100],{"class":99},[44,89096,103],{"class":58},[44,89098,236],{"class":235},[44,89100,89101],{"class":239},"World",[44,89103,236],{"class":235},[44,89105,108],{"class":58},[20,89107,111],{},[35,89109,89111],{"className":37,"code":89110,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89112,89113,89117],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89114,89115],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89116,88310],{"class":50},[44,89118,89119],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,89120,89121],{"class":50},"World\n",[347,89123,89125],{"id":89124},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[35,89127,89129],{"className":37,"code":89128,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89130,89131,89153],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89132,89133,89135,89137,89139,89141,89143,89145,89147,89149,89151],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89134,100],{"class":99},[44,89136,103],{"class":58},[44,89138,236],{"class":235},[44,89140,34219],{"class":239},[44,89142,236],{"class":235},[44,89144,66],{"class":58},[44,89146,64402],{"class":8546},[44,89148,55],{"class":54},[44,89150,5643],{"class":235},[44,89152,108],{"class":58},[44,89154,89155,89157,89159,89161,89163,89165],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,89156,100],{"class":99},[44,89158,103],{"class":58},[44,89160,236],{"class":235},[44,89162,89101],{"class":239},[44,89164,236],{"class":235},[44,89166,108],{"class":58},[20,89168,111],{},[35,89170,89172],{"className":37,"code":89171,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89173,89174],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89175,89176],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89177,89171],{"class":50},[347,89179,89181],{"id":89180},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[35,89183,89185],{"className":37,"code":89184,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89186,89187,89216],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89188,89189,89191,89193,89195,89197,89199,89201,89203,89205,89207,89210,89212,89214],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89190,100],{"class":99},[44,89192,103],{"class":58},[44,89194,236],{"class":235},[44,89196,34219],{"class":239},[44,89198,236],{"class":235},[44,89200,66],{"class":58},[44,89202,64402],{"class":8546},[44,89204,55],{"class":54},[44,89206,236],{"class":235},[44,89208,89209],{"class":239},"!",[44,89211,86514],{"class":33804},[44,89213,236],{"class":235},[44,89215,108],{"class":58},[44,89217,89218,89220,89222,89224,89226,89228],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,89219,100],{"class":99},[44,89221,103],{"class":58},[44,89223,236],{"class":235},[44,89225,89101],{"class":239},[44,89227,236],{"class":235},[44,89229,108],{"class":58},[20,89231,111],{},[35,89233,89235],{"className":37,"code":89234,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89236,89237,89242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89238,89239],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89240,89241],{"class":50},"Hello!\n",[44,89243,89244],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,89245,89121],{"class":50},[20,89247,140,89248,89250],{},[15,89249,52022],{}," argument is useful for:",[145,89252,89253,89256,89259],{},[148,89254,89255],{},"progress messages",[148,89257,89258],{},"inline output",[148,89260,89261],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[131,89263,89265,772,89267],{"id":89264},"print-returns-none",[15,89266,45811],{},[15,89268,159],{},[20,89270,89271,89272,89274],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89273,45811],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89276,1578],{},[35,89278,89280],{"className":37,"code":89279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89281,89282,89302],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89283,89284,89286,89288,89291,89293,89295,89298,89300],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89285,644],{"class":50},[44,89287,55],{"class":54},[44,89289,89290],{"class":99}," print",[44,89292,103],{"class":58},[44,89294,236],{"class":235},[44,89296,89297],{"class":239},"Hi",[44,89299,236],{"class":235},[44,89301,108],{"class":58},[44,89303,89304,89306,89308,89310],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,89305,100],{"class":99},[44,89307,103],{"class":58},[44,89309,668],{"class":89},[44,89311,108],{"class":58},[20,89313,111],{},[35,89315,89317],{"className":37,"code":89316,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89318,89319,89324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89320,89321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89322,89323],{"class":50},"Hi\n",[44,89325,89326],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,89327,693],{"class":692},[20,89329,89330],{},"Why does this happen?",[145,89332,89333,89341,89346],{},[148,89334,89335,89338,89339],{},[15,89336,89337],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89340,89297],{},[148,89342,89343,89344],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89345,159],{},[148,89347,89348,89349,11278,89351],{},"so ",[15,89350,668],{},[15,89352,159],{},[20,89354,89355,89356,89358],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89357,45811],{}," call.",[35,89360,89362],{"className":37,"code":89361,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89363,89364,89377],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89365,89366,89369,89371,89373,89375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89367,89368],{"class":50},"message ",[44,89370,55],{"class":54},[44,89372,247],{"class":235},[44,89374,89297],{"class":239},[44,89376,2727],{"class":235},[44,89378,89379,89381,89383,89386],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,89380,100],{"class":99},[44,89382,103],{"class":58},[44,89384,89385],{"class":89},"message",[44,89387,108],{"class":58},[20,89389,89390,89391,89393,89394,89398],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89392,45811],{}," with functions like ",[167,89395,89396],{"href":7593},[15,89397,2329],{},", which do return a value.",[131,89400,89402,89403],{"id":89401},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89404,45811],{},[20,89406,89407,89408,89410],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89409,45811],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[145,89412,89413,89416,89419,89422],{},[148,89414,89415],{},"to display results to the user",[148,89417,89418],{},"to show messages in a script",[148,89420,89421],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[148,89423,89424],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89426,1578],{},[35,89428,89430],{"className":37,"code":89429,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89431,89432,89440,89444,89464,89475],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89433,89434,89436,89438],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89435,40539],{"class":50},[44,89437,55],{"class":54},[44,89439,37868],{"class":62},[44,89441,89442],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,89443,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,89445,89446,89448,89450,89452,89454,89456,89458,89460,89462],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,89447,5328],{"class":3245},[44,89449,5757],{"class":50},[44,89451,3252],{"class":3245},[44,89453,53432],{"class":99},[44,89455,103],{"class":58},[44,89457,63],{"class":62},[44,89459,66],{"class":58},[44,89461,1827],{"class":62},[44,89463,7716],{"class":58},[44,89465,89466,89469,89472],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,89467,89468],{"class":50},"    total ",[44,89470,89471],{"class":54},"+=",[44,89473,89474],{"class":50}," number\n",[44,89476,89477,89479,89481,89483,89486,89488,89490,89492,89494,89496,89498,89500,89502,89504],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,89478,7442],{"class":99},[44,89480,103],{"class":58},[44,89482,236],{"class":235},[44,89484,89485],{"class":239},"Current number:",[44,89487,236],{"class":235},[44,89489,66],{"class":58},[44,89491,1567],{"class":89},[44,89493,66],{"class":58},[44,89495,247],{"class":235},[44,89497,44922],{"class":239},[44,89499,236],{"class":235},[44,89501,66],{"class":58},[44,89503,44929],{"class":89},[44,89505,108],{"class":58},[20,89507,111],{},[35,89509,89511],{"className":37,"code":89510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,89512,89513,89529,89543],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89514,89515,89518,89520,89522,89525,89527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89516,89517],{"class":50},"Current number",[44,89519,2255],{"class":58},[44,89521,4867],{"class":62},[44,89523,89524],{"class":50}," Total",[44,89526,2255],{"class":58},[44,89528,28963],{"class":62},[44,89530,89531,89533,89535,89537,89539,89541],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,89532,89517],{"class":50},[44,89534,2255],{"class":58},[44,89536,69],{"class":62},[44,89538,89524],{"class":50},[44,89540,2255],{"class":58},[44,89542,1947],{"class":62},[44,89544,89545,89547,89549,89551,89553,89555],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,89546,89517],{"class":50},[44,89548,2255],{"class":58},[44,89550,74],{"class":62},[44,89552,89524],{"class":50},[44,89554,2255],{"class":58},[44,89556,89557],{"class":62}," 6\n",[20,89559,89560,89561,86],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[167,89562,89564],{"href":89563},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[131,89566,2200],{"id":2199},[20,89568,89569,89570,86],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,89571,45811],{},[347,89573,89575],{"id":89574},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,89577,89578],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[35,89580,89582],{"className":37,"code":89581,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(Hello)\n",[15,89583,89584],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89585,89586,89588,89590,89592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89587,100],{"class":99},[44,89589,103],{"class":58},[44,89591,34219],{"class":89},[44,89593,108],{"class":58},[20,89595,8245,89596,89598],{},[15,89597,34219],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,89600,10174],{},[35,89602,89604],{"className":37,"code":89603,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89605,89606],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89607,89608,89610,89612,89614,89616,89618],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89609,100],{"class":99},[44,89611,103],{"class":58},[44,89613,236],{"class":235},[44,89615,34219],{"class":239},[44,89617,236],{"class":235},[44,89619,108],{"class":58},[347,89621,350,89623,89625],{"id":89622},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,89624,100],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,89627,89628],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[35,89630,89632],{"className":37,"code":89631,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,89633,89634],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89635,89636,89638,89640,89642],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89637,100],{"class":99},[44,89639,247],{"class":235},[44,89641,34219],{"class":239},[44,89643,2727],{"class":235},[20,89645,10174],{},[35,89647,89648],{"className":37,"code":89603,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,89649,89650],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89651,89652,89654,89656,89658,89660,89662],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89653,100],{"class":99},[44,89655,103],{"class":58},[44,89657,236],{"class":235},[44,89659,34219],{"class":239},[44,89661,236],{"class":235},[44,89663,108],{"class":58},[347,89665,89667,89668],{"id":89666},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,89669,1429],{},[20,89671,89672,89673,86],{},"This causes a ",[15,89674,2376],{},[35,89676,89677],{"className":37,"code":88765,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,89678,89679,89687],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89680,89681,89683,89685],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89682,20976],{"class":50},[44,89684,55],{"class":54},[44,89686,1956],{"class":62},[44,89688,89689,89691,89693,89695,89697,89699,89701,89703],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,89690,100],{"class":99},[44,89692,103],{"class":58},[44,89694,236],{"class":235},[44,89696,88786],{"class":239},[44,89698,236],{"class":235},[44,89700,1824],{"class":54},[44,89702,8559],{"class":89},[44,89704,108],{"class":58},[20,89706,89707],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[35,89709,89711],{"className":37,"code":89710,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89712,89713],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89714,89715,89717,89719,89721,89723,89725,89727,89729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89716,100],{"class":99},[44,89718,103],{"class":58},[44,89720,236],{"class":235},[44,89722,88687],{"class":239},[44,89724,236],{"class":235},[44,89726,66],{"class":58},[44,89728,8559],{"class":89},[44,89730,108],{"class":58},[20,89732,89733],{},"Or convert the number first:",[35,89735,89737],{"className":37,"code":89736,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,89738,89739],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89740,89741,89743,89745,89747,89749,89751,89753,89755,89757,89759],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89742,100],{"class":99},[44,89744,103],{"class":58},[44,89746,236],{"class":235},[44,89748,88786],{"class":239},[44,89750,236],{"class":235},[44,89752,1824],{"class":54},[44,89754,48264],{"class":121},[44,89756,103],{"class":58},[44,89758,8669],{"class":89},[44,89760,993],{"class":58},[20,89762,89763,89764,86],{},"If you see this error, read ",[167,89765,89767],{"href":89766},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[347,89769,923,89771,89773],{"id":89770},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,89772,45811],{}," to return a value",[20,89775,89776,89777,34682,89780,2255],{},"This does not store ",[15,89778,89779],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,89781,668],{},[35,89783,89785],{"className":37,"code":89784,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89786,89787],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89788,89789,89791,89793,89795,89797,89799,89801,89803],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89790,644],{"class":50},[44,89792,55],{"class":54},[44,89794,89290],{"class":99},[44,89796,103],{"class":58},[44,89798,236],{"class":235},[44,89800,34219],{"class":239},[44,89802,236],{"class":235},[44,89804,108],{"class":58},[20,89806,89807,89808,86],{},"It stores ",[15,89809,159],{},[347,89811,89813,89814,342,89816],{"id":89812},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,89815,88827],{},[15,89817,52022],{},[20,89819,85173],{},[145,89821,89822,89831],{},[148,89823,89824,89826,89827,89830],{},[15,89825,88827],{}," changes what goes ",[30,89828,89829],{},"between"," multiple values",[148,89832,89833,89835,89836,89839],{},[15,89834,52022],{}," changes what appears ",[30,89837,89838],{},"after"," the output",[131,89841,89843],{"id":89842},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,89845,89846,89847,89849],{},"These simple ",[15,89848,45811],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[35,89851,89853],{"className":37,"code":89852,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,89854,89855,89875,89890],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89856,89857,89859,89861,89863,89866,89868,89870,89873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89858,100],{"class":99},[44,89860,103],{"class":58},[44,89862,236],{"class":235},[44,89864,89865],{"class":239},"Debug:",[44,89867,236],{"class":235},[44,89869,66],{"class":58},[44,89871,89872],{"class":89}," variable_name",[44,89874,108],{"class":58},[44,89876,89877,89879,89881,89883,89885,89888],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,89878,100],{"class":99},[44,89880,103],{"class":58},[44,89882,985],{"class":121},[44,89884,103],{"class":58},[44,89886,89887],{"class":89},"variable_name",[44,89889,993],{"class":58},[44,89891,89892,89894,89896,89898],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,89893,31502],{"class":99},[44,89895,103],{"class":58},[44,89897,100],{"class":99},[44,89899,108],{"class":58},[20,89901,89902],{},"What they do:",[145,89904,89905,89911,89917],{},[148,89906,89907,89910],{},[15,89908,89909],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[148,89912,89913,89916],{},[15,89914,89915],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[148,89918,89919,89922,89923],{},[15,89920,89921],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,89924,45811],{},[131,89926,1196],{"id":1195},[347,89928,1212,89930,89932],{"id":89929},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,89931,45811],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,89934,89935,89936,89938,89939,35975],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,89937,45811],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,89940,52022],{},[347,89942,4538,89944,89946],{"id":89943},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,89945,45811],{}," show more than one value?",[20,89948,89949,89950,89952],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,89951,45811],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[347,89954,4526,89956,4529,89959,1239],{"id":89955},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,89957,89958],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,89960,159],{},[20,89962,1187,89963,89965],{},[15,89964,45811],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[347,89967,89969],{"id":89968},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,89971,89972],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[35,89974,89976],{"className":37,"code":89975,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,89977,89978],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89979,89980,89982,89984,89986,89988,89990,89992,89994],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89981,100],{"class":99},[44,89983,103],{"class":58},[44,89985,236],{"class":235},[44,89987,88687],{"class":239},[44,89989,236],{"class":235},[44,89991,66],{"class":58},[44,89993,5375],{"class":62},[44,89995,108],{"class":58},[20,89997,89998,89999,39285],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90000,47043],{},[347,90002,1234,90004,342,90006,1239],{"id":90003},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90005,88827],{},[15,90007,52022],{},[145,90009,90010,90015],{},[148,90011,90012,90014],{},[15,90013,88827],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[148,90016,90017,90019],{},[15,90018,52022],{}," changes what appears after the output",[131,90021,1251],{"id":1250},[145,90023,90024,90028,90034,90040,90045,90050],{},[148,90025,90026],{},[167,90027,50337],{"href":50336},[148,90029,90030],{},[167,90031,2945,90032,2878],{"href":7593},[15,90033,2329],{},[148,90035,90036],{},[167,90037,2945,90038,2878],{"href":41532},[15,90039,47043],{},[148,90041,90042],{},[167,90043,90044],{"href":89053},"How to format strings in Python",[148,90046,90047],{},[167,90048,90049],{"href":89563},"How to debug Python code",[148,90051,90052],{},[167,90053,89767],{"href":89766},[1294,90055,90056],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":90058},[90059,90060,90062,90063,90069,90070,90071,90076,90082,90084,90086,90097,90098,90109],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":88231,"depth":80,"text":90061},"What print() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":88467,"depth":80,"text":88468,"children":90064},[90065,90066,90067,90068],{"id":88476,"depth":96,"text":88477},{"id":88517,"depth":96,"text":88518},{"id":88549,"depth":96,"text":88550},{"id":88576,"depth":96,"text":88577},{"id":88618,"depth":80,"text":88619},{"id":88814,"depth":80,"text":88815},{"id":88854,"depth":80,"text":90072,"children":90073},"sep argument",[90074,90075],{"id":88867,"depth":96,"text":88868},{"id":88917,"depth":96,"text":88918},{"id":89057,"depth":80,"text":90077,"children":90078},"end argument",[90079,90080,90081],{"id":89071,"depth":96,"text":88868},{"id":89124,"depth":96,"text":89125},{"id":89180,"depth":96,"text":89181},{"id":89264,"depth":80,"text":90083},"print() returns None",{"id":89401,"depth":80,"text":90085},"When beginners use print()",{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200,"children":90087},[90088,90089,90091,90093,90095],{"id":89574,"depth":96,"text":89575},{"id":89622,"depth":96,"text":90090},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":89666,"depth":96,"text":90092},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":89770,"depth":96,"text":90094},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":89812,"depth":96,"text":90096},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":89842,"depth":80,"text":89843},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":90099},[90100,90102,90104,90106,90107],{"id":89929,"depth":96,"text":90101},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":89943,"depth":96,"text":90103},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":89955,"depth":96,"text":90105},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":89968,"depth":96,"text":89969},{"id":90003,"depth":96,"text":90108},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88114,"description":90110},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90117,"title":90118,"body":90119,"description":92423,"extension":1331,"meta":92424,"navigation":268,"path":92425,"seo":92426,"stem":92427,"__hash__":92428},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90120,"toc":92369},[90121,90126,90131,90144,90146,90211,90222,90227,90232,90234,90257,90260,90291,90293,90310,90315,90321,90326,90375,90378,90395,90401,90406,90429,90431,90459,90465,90473,90500,90502,90527,90533,90536,90567,90569,90598,90602,90605,90610,90632,90634,90662,90668,90674,90700,90702,90726,90732,90738,90768,90770,90798,90808,90812,90818,90851,90853,90882,90885,90888,90921,90923,90931,90937,90939,90962,90967,90976,90981,90995,90997,91037,91039,91069,91073,91108,91114,91118,91162,91164,91194,91200,91203,91282,91284,91306,91314,91317,91380,91388,91463,91469,91476,91481,91486,91509,91511,91532,91534,91547,91549,91596,91598,91637,91646,91648,91652,91656,91659,91686,91689,91718,91721,91745,91748,91756,91762,91784,91786,91814,91818,91823,91878,91883,91885,91942,91949,91958,91961,91993,91995,92003,92006,92012,92014,92037,92040,92046,92049,92068,92070,92089,92092,92114,92116,92144,92148,92152,92257,92259,92272,92274,92280,92283,92291,92296,92302,92308,92313,92321,92327,92334,92336,92366],[10,90122,2945,90124,2949],{"id":90123},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90125,35551],{},[20,90127,31667,90128,90130],{},[15,90129,35551],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90132,90133,90134,90136,90137,90139,90140,90143],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90135,5328],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90138,35551],{}," stops ",[30,90141,90142],{},"before"," the end value.",[131,90145,1372],{"id":1371},[35,90147,90149],{"className":37,"code":90148,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90150,90151,90167,90177,90181,90186,90191,90196,90201,90206],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90152,90153,90155,90157,90159,90161,90163,90165],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90154,5328],{"class":3245},[44,90156,68910],{"class":50},[44,90158,3252],{"class":3245},[44,90160,53432],{"class":99},[44,90162,103],{"class":58},[44,90164,1507],{"class":62},[44,90166,7716],{"class":58},[44,90168,90169,90171,90173,90175],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,90170,7442],{"class":99},[44,90172,103],{"class":58},[44,90174,35508],{"class":89},[44,90176,108],{"class":58},[44,90178,90179],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,90180,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,90182,90183],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,90184,90185],{"class":3035},"# Output:\n",[44,90187,90188],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,90189,90190],{"class":3035},"# 0\n",[44,90192,90193],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,90194,90195],{"class":3035},"# 1\n",[44,90197,90198],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,90199,90200],{"class":3035},"# 2\n",[44,90202,90203],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,90204,90205],{"class":3035},"# 3\n",[44,90207,90208],{"class":46,"line":5802},[44,90209,90210],{"class":3035},"# 4\n",[20,90212,90213,90216,90217,90219,90220,86],{},[15,90214,90215],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90218,1490],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90221,1507],{},[131,90223,134,90225,137],{"id":90224},"what-range-does",[15,90226,35551],{},[20,90228,90229,90231],{},[15,90230,35551],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90233,197],{},[145,90235,90236,90241,90247,90252],{},[148,90237,90238,90240],{},[15,90239,35551],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[148,90242,90243,90244,90246],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90245,5328],{}," loops",[148,90248,90249,90250],{},"The stop value is ",[30,90251,64431],{},[148,90253,16770,90254,90256],{},[15,90255,59359],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90258,90259],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[35,90261,90263],{"className":37,"code":90262,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90264,90265,90281],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90266,90267,90269,90271,90273,90275,90277,90279],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90268,5328],{"class":3245},[44,90270,5757],{"class":50},[44,90272,3252],{"class":3245},[44,90274,53432],{"class":99},[44,90276,103],{"class":58},[44,90278,1432],{"class":62},[44,90280,7716],{"class":58},[44,90282,90283,90285,90287,90289],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,90284,7442],{"class":99},[44,90286,103],{"class":58},[44,90288,1610],{"class":89},[44,90290,108],{"class":58},[20,90292,111],{},[35,90294,90296],{"className":37,"code":90295,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90297,90298,90302,90306],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90299,90300],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90301,46611],{"class":62},[44,90303,90304],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,90305,46276],{"class":62},[44,90307,90308],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,90309,16406],{"class":62},[20,90311,90312,90313,86],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[167,90314,35382],{"href":35381},[131,90316,90318,90320],{"id":90317},"range-syntax",[15,90319,35551],{}," syntax",[20,90322,90323,90325],{},[15,90324,35551],{}," has three common forms:",[35,90327,90329],{"className":37,"code":90328,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90330,90331,90341,90356],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90332,90333,90335,90337,90339],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90334,59359],{"class":99},[44,90336,103],{"class":58},[44,90338,74787],{"class":89},[44,90340,108],{"class":58},[44,90342,90343,90345,90347,90349,90351,90354],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,90344,59359],{"class":99},[44,90346,103],{"class":58},[44,90348,35426],{"class":89},[44,90350,66],{"class":58},[44,90352,90353],{"class":89}," stop",[44,90355,108],{"class":58},[44,90357,90358,90360,90362,90364,90366,90368,90370,90373],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,90359,59359],{"class":99},[44,90361,103],{"class":58},[44,90363,35426],{"class":89},[44,90365,66],{"class":58},[44,90367,90353],{"class":89},[44,90369,66],{"class":58},[44,90371,90372],{"class":89}," step",[44,90374,108],{"class":58},[20,90376,90377],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[145,90379,90380,90385,90390],{},[148,90381,90382,90384],{},[15,90383,35426],{}," = first number",[148,90386,90387,90389],{},[15,90388,74787],{}," = end limit, not included",[148,90391,90392,90394],{},[15,90393,74790],{}," = amount to move each time",[347,90396,90398],{"id":90397},"rangestop",[15,90399,90400],{},"range(stop)",[20,90402,90403,90404,86],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90405,1490],{},[35,90407,90409],{"className":37,"code":90408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90410,90411],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90412,90413,90415,90417,90419,90421,90423,90425,90427],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90414,100],{"class":99},[44,90416,103],{"class":58},[44,90418,7467],{"class":121},[44,90420,103],{"class":58},[44,90422,59359],{"class":99},[44,90424,103],{"class":58},[44,90426,1507],{"class":62},[44,90428,2283],{"class":58},[20,90430,111],{},[35,90432,90433],{"className":37,"code":59382,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90434,90435],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90436,90437,90439,90441,90443,90445,90447,90449,90451,90453,90455,90457],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90438,3270],{"class":58},[44,90440,1490],{"class":62},[44,90442,66],{"class":58},[44,90444,4867],{"class":62},[44,90446,66],{"class":58},[44,90448,69],{"class":62},[44,90450,66],{"class":58},[44,90452,74],{"class":62},[44,90454,66],{"class":58},[44,90456,1827],{"class":62},[44,90458,3006],{"class":58},[347,90460,90462],{"id":90461},"rangestart-stop",[15,90463,90464],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,90466,90467,90468,90470,90471,86],{},"This starts at ",[15,90469,35426],{}," and stops before ",[15,90472,74787],{},[35,90474,90476],{"className":37,"code":90475,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,90477,90478],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90479,90480,90482,90484,90486,90488,90490,90492,90494,90496,90498],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90481,100],{"class":99},[44,90483,103],{"class":58},[44,90485,7467],{"class":121},[44,90487,103],{"class":58},[44,90489,59359],{"class":99},[44,90491,103],{"class":58},[44,90493,1426],{"class":62},[44,90495,66],{"class":58},[44,90497,36998],{"class":62},[44,90499,2283],{"class":58},[20,90501,111],{},[35,90503,90505],{"className":37,"code":90504,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,90506,90507],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90508,90509,90511,90513,90515,90517,90519,90521,90523,90525],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90510,3270],{"class":58},[44,90512,1426],{"class":62},[44,90514,66],{"class":58},[44,90516,74],{"class":62},[44,90518,66],{"class":58},[44,90520,1827],{"class":62},[44,90522,66],{"class":58},[44,90524,3975],{"class":62},[44,90526,3006],{"class":58},[347,90528,90530],{"id":90529},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,90531,90532],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,90534,90535],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[35,90537,90539],{"className":37,"code":90538,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,90540,90541],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90542,90543,90545,90547,90549,90551,90553,90555,90557,90559,90561,90563,90565],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90544,100],{"class":99},[44,90546,103],{"class":58},[44,90548,7467],{"class":121},[44,90550,103],{"class":58},[44,90552,59359],{"class":99},[44,90554,103],{"class":58},[44,90556,63],{"class":62},[44,90558,66],{"class":58},[44,90560,5375],{"class":62},[44,90562,66],{"class":58},[44,90564,69],{"class":62},[44,90566,2283],{"class":58},[20,90568,111],{},[35,90570,90572],{"className":37,"code":90571,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,90573,90574],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90575,90576,90578,90580,90582,90584,90586,90588,90590,90592,90594,90596],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90577,3270],{"class":58},[44,90579,63],{"class":62},[44,90581,66],{"class":58},[44,90583,74],{"class":62},[44,90585,66],{"class":58},[44,90587,3975],{"class":62},[44,90589,66],{"class":58},[44,90591,5364],{"class":62},[44,90593,66],{"class":58},[44,90595,53498],{"class":62},[44,90597,3006],{"class":58},[131,90599,90601],{"id":90600},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,90603,90604],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[347,90606,90608],{"id":90607},"range5",[15,90609,90215],{},[35,90611,90612],{"className":37,"code":90408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90613,90614],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90615,90616,90618,90620,90622,90624,90626,90628,90630],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90617,100],{"class":99},[44,90619,103],{"class":58},[44,90621,7467],{"class":121},[44,90623,103],{"class":58},[44,90625,59359],{"class":99},[44,90627,103],{"class":58},[44,90629,1507],{"class":62},[44,90631,2283],{"class":58},[20,90633,111],{},[35,90635,90636],{"className":37,"code":59382,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90637,90638],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90639,90640,90642,90644,90646,90648,90650,90652,90654,90656,90658,90660],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90641,3270],{"class":58},[44,90643,1490],{"class":62},[44,90645,66],{"class":58},[44,90647,4867],{"class":62},[44,90649,66],{"class":58},[44,90651,69],{"class":62},[44,90653,66],{"class":58},[44,90655,74],{"class":62},[44,90657,66],{"class":58},[44,90659,1827],{"class":62},[44,90661,3006],{"class":58},[20,90663,90467,90664,90470,90666,86],{},[15,90665,1490],{},[15,90667,1507],{},[347,90669,90671],{"id":90670},"range2-6",[15,90672,90673],{},"range(2, 6)",[35,90675,90676],{"className":37,"code":90475,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90677,90678],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90679,90680,90682,90684,90686,90688,90690,90692,90694,90696,90698],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90681,100],{"class":99},[44,90683,103],{"class":58},[44,90685,7467],{"class":121},[44,90687,103],{"class":58},[44,90689,59359],{"class":99},[44,90691,103],{"class":58},[44,90693,1426],{"class":62},[44,90695,66],{"class":58},[44,90697,36998],{"class":62},[44,90699,2283],{"class":58},[20,90701,111],{},[35,90703,90704],{"className":37,"code":90504,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90705,90706],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90707,90708,90710,90712,90714,90716,90718,90720,90722,90724],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90709,3270],{"class":58},[44,90711,1426],{"class":62},[44,90713,66],{"class":58},[44,90715,74],{"class":62},[44,90717,66],{"class":58},[44,90719,1827],{"class":62},[44,90721,66],{"class":58},[44,90723,3975],{"class":62},[44,90725,3006],{"class":58},[20,90727,90467,90728,90470,90730,86],{},[15,90729,1426],{},[15,90731,79955],{},[347,90733,90735],{"id":90734},"range1-10-2",[15,90736,90737],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[35,90739,90740],{"className":37,"code":90538,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90741,90742],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90743,90744,90746,90748,90750,90752,90754,90756,90758,90760,90762,90764,90766],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90745,100],{"class":99},[44,90747,103],{"class":58},[44,90749,7467],{"class":121},[44,90751,103],{"class":58},[44,90753,59359],{"class":99},[44,90755,103],{"class":58},[44,90757,63],{"class":62},[44,90759,66],{"class":58},[44,90761,5375],{"class":62},[44,90763,66],{"class":58},[44,90765,69],{"class":62},[44,90767,2283],{"class":58},[20,90769,111],{},[35,90771,90772],{"className":37,"code":90571,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90773,90774],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90775,90776,90778,90780,90782,90784,90786,90788,90790,90792,90794,90796],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90777,3270],{"class":58},[44,90779,63],{"class":62},[44,90781,66],{"class":58},[44,90783,74],{"class":62},[44,90785,66],{"class":58},[44,90787,3975],{"class":62},[44,90789,66],{"class":58},[44,90791,5364],{"class":62},[44,90793,66],{"class":58},[44,90795,53498],{"class":62},[44,90797,3006],{"class":58},[20,90799,90800,90801,90803,90804,60662,90806,86],{},"This moves by ",[15,90802,1426],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,90805,63],{},[15,90807,1515],{},[347,90809,90811],{"id":90810},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,90813,90814,90815,90817],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,90816,35551],{}," count backward.",[35,90819,90821],{"className":37,"code":90820,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,90822,90823],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90824,90825,90827,90829,90831,90833,90835,90837,90839,90841,90843,90845,90847,90849],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90826,100],{"class":99},[44,90828,103],{"class":58},[44,90830,7467],{"class":121},[44,90832,103],{"class":58},[44,90834,59359],{"class":99},[44,90836,103],{"class":58},[44,90838,1507],{"class":62},[44,90840,66],{"class":58},[44,90842,3202],{"class":62},[44,90844,66],{"class":58},[44,90846,1593],{"class":54},[44,90848,63],{"class":62},[44,90850,2283],{"class":58},[20,90852,111],{},[35,90854,90856],{"className":37,"code":90855,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,90857,90858],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90859,90860,90862,90864,90866,90868,90870,90872,90874,90876,90878,90880],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90861,3270],{"class":58},[44,90863,1507],{"class":62},[44,90865,66],{"class":58},[44,90867,1827],{"class":62},[44,90869,66],{"class":58},[44,90871,74],{"class":62},[44,90873,66],{"class":58},[44,90875,69],{"class":62},[44,90877,66],{"class":58},[44,90879,4867],{"class":62},[44,90881,3006],{"class":58},[20,90883,90884],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,90886,90887],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[35,90889,90891],{"className":37,"code":90890,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,90892,90893],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90894,90895,90897,90899,90901,90903,90905,90907,90909,90911,90913,90915,90917,90919],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90896,100],{"class":99},[44,90898,103],{"class":58},[44,90900,7467],{"class":121},[44,90902,103],{"class":58},[44,90904,59359],{"class":99},[44,90906,103],{"class":58},[44,90908,63],{"class":62},[44,90910,66],{"class":58},[44,90912,3975],{"class":62},[44,90914,66],{"class":58},[44,90916,1593],{"class":54},[44,90918,63],{"class":62},[44,90920,2283],{"class":58},[20,90922,111],{},[35,90924,90925],{"className":37,"code":37652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90926,90927],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90928,90929],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90930,37652],{"class":58},[347,90932,90933,75950,90935],{"id":76174},[15,90934,74790],{},[15,90936,1490],{},[20,90938,2207],{},[35,90940,90942],{"className":37,"code":90941,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,90943,90944],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90945,90946,90948,90950,90952,90954,90956,90958,90960],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90947,59359],{"class":99},[44,90949,103],{"class":58},[44,90951,63],{"class":62},[44,90953,66],{"class":58},[44,90955,3975],{"class":62},[44,90957,66],{"class":58},[44,90959,3202],{"class":62},[44,90961,108],{"class":58},[20,90963,76219,90964,90966],{},[15,90965,40060],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[131,90968,350,90970,90972,90973,90975],{"id":90969},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,90971,35551],{}," in a ",[15,90974,5328],{}," loop",[20,90977,90978,90980],{},[15,90979,35551],{}," is most useful when:",[145,90982,90983,90986,90989],{},[148,90984,90985],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[148,90987,90988],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[148,90990,90991,90992],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,90993,90994],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,90996,1578],{},[35,90998,91000],{"className":37,"code":90999,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91001,91002,91018],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91003,91004,91006,91008,91010,91012,91014,91016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91005,5328],{"class":3245},[44,91007,68910],{"class":50},[44,91009,3252],{"class":3245},[44,91011,53432],{"class":99},[44,91013,103],{"class":58},[44,91015,1432],{"class":62},[44,91017,7716],{"class":58},[44,91019,91020,91022,91024,91026,91029,91031,91033,91035],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,91021,7442],{"class":99},[44,91023,103],{"class":58},[44,91025,236],{"class":235},[44,91027,91028],{"class":239},"Loop number:",[44,91030,236],{"class":235},[44,91032,66],{"class":58},[44,91034,35483],{"class":89},[44,91036,108],{"class":58},[20,91038,111],{},[35,91040,91042],{"className":37,"code":91041,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91043,91044,91053,91061],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91045,91046,91049,91051],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91047,91048],{"class":50},"Loop number",[44,91050,2255],{"class":58},[44,91052,37868],{"class":62},[44,91054,91055,91057,91059],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,91056,91048],{"class":50},[44,91058,2255],{"class":58},[44,91060,28963],{"class":62},[44,91062,91063,91065,91067],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,91064,91048],{"class":50},[44,91066,2255],{"class":58},[44,91068,44948],{"class":62},[347,91070,91072],{"id":91071},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[35,91074,91076],{"className":37,"code":91075,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91077,91078,91094],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91079,91080,91082,91084,91086,91088,91090,91092],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91081,5328],{"class":3245},[44,91083,68910],{"class":50},[44,91085,3252],{"class":3245},[44,91087,53432],{"class":99},[44,91089,103],{"class":58},[44,91091,1507],{"class":62},[44,91093,7716],{"class":58},[44,91095,91096,91098,91100,91102,91104,91106],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,91097,7442],{"class":99},[44,91099,103],{"class":58},[44,91101,236],{"class":235},[44,91103,34219],{"class":239},[44,91105,236],{"class":235},[44,91107,108],{"class":58},[20,91109,91110,91111,91113],{},"This prints ",[15,91112,89779],{}," five times.",[347,91115,91117],{"id":91116},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[35,91119,91121],{"className":37,"code":91120,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91122,91123,91143],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91124,91125,91127,91129,91131,91133,91135,91137,91139,91141],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91126,5328],{"class":3245},[44,91128,68910],{"class":50},[44,91130,3252],{"class":3245},[44,91132,53432],{"class":99},[44,91134,103],{"class":58},[44,91136,63],{"class":62},[44,91138,66],{"class":58},[44,91140,1827],{"class":62},[44,91142,7716],{"class":58},[44,91144,91145,91147,91149,91151,91154,91156,91158,91160],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,91146,7442],{"class":99},[44,91148,103],{"class":58},[44,91150,236],{"class":235},[44,91152,91153],{"class":239},"Current number is",[44,91155,236],{"class":235},[44,91157,66],{"class":58},[44,91159,35483],{"class":89},[44,91161,108],{"class":58},[20,91163,111],{},[35,91165,91167],{"className":37,"code":91166,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91168,91169,91178,91186],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91170,91171,91174,91176],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91172,91173],{"class":50},"Current number ",[44,91175,11552],{"class":54},[44,91177,28963],{"class":62},[44,91179,91180,91182,91184],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,91181,91173],{"class":50},[44,91183,11552],{"class":54},[44,91185,44948],{"class":62},[44,91187,91188,91190,91192],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,91189,91173],{"class":50},[44,91191,11552],{"class":54},[44,91193,1947],{"class":62},[347,91195,91197,91199],{"id":91196},"range-and-indexing",[15,91198,35551],{}," and indexing",[20,91201,91202],{},"You may see code like this:",[35,91204,91206],{"className":37,"code":91205,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91207,91208,91240,91244,91264],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91209,91210,91212,91214,91216,91218,91220,91222,91224,91226,91228,91230,91232,91234,91236,91238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91211,362],{"class":50},[44,91213,55],{"class":54},[44,91215,2993],{"class":58},[44,91217,236],{"class":235},[44,91219,167],{"class":239},[44,91221,236],{"class":235},[44,91223,66],{"class":58},[44,91225,247],{"class":235},[44,91227,1164],{"class":239},[44,91229,236],{"class":235},[44,91231,66],{"class":58},[44,91233,247],{"class":235},[44,91235,9109],{"class":239},[44,91237,236],{"class":235},[44,91239,3006],{"class":58},[44,91241,91242],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,91243,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,91245,91246,91248,91250,91252,91254,91256,91258,91260,91262],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,91247,5328],{"class":3245},[44,91249,68910],{"class":50},[44,91251,3252],{"class":3245},[44,91253,53432],{"class":99},[44,91255,103],{"class":58},[44,91257,10529],{"class":99},[44,91259,103],{"class":58},[44,91261,397],{"class":89},[44,91263,68925],{"class":58},[44,91265,91266,91268,91270,91272,91274,91276,91278,91280],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,91267,7442],{"class":99},[44,91269,103],{"class":58},[44,91271,35508],{"class":89},[44,91273,66],{"class":58},[44,91275,5336],{"class":89},[44,91277,3270],{"class":58},[44,91279,35508],{"class":89},[44,91281,3258],{"class":58},[20,91283,111],{},[35,91285,91286],{"className":37,"code":35520,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91287,91288,91294,91300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91289,91290,91292],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91291,1490],{"class":62},[44,91293,1127],{"class":50},[44,91295,91296,91298],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,91297,63],{"class":62},[44,91299,35535],{"class":50},[44,91301,91302,91304],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,91303,1426],{"class":62},[44,91305,35542],{"class":50},[20,91307,91308,91309,91313],{},"This works, and it uses ",[167,91310,91311],{"href":41715},[15,91312,41718],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91315,91316],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[35,91318,91320],{"className":37,"code":91319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91321,91322,91354,91358,91370],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91323,91324,91326,91328,91330,91332,91334,91336,91338,91340,91342,91344,91346,91348,91350,91352],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91325,362],{"class":50},[44,91327,55],{"class":54},[44,91329,2993],{"class":58},[44,91331,236],{"class":235},[44,91333,167],{"class":239},[44,91335,236],{"class":235},[44,91337,66],{"class":58},[44,91339,247],{"class":235},[44,91341,1164],{"class":239},[44,91343,236],{"class":235},[44,91345,66],{"class":58},[44,91347,247],{"class":235},[44,91349,9109],{"class":239},[44,91351,236],{"class":235},[44,91353,3006],{"class":58},[44,91355,91356],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,91357,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,91359,91360,91362,91364,91366,91368],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,91361,5328],{"class":3245},[44,91363,5331],{"class":50},[44,91365,3252],{"class":3245},[44,91367,5336],{"class":50},[44,91369,5764],{"class":58},[44,91371,91372,91374,91376,91378],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,91373,7442],{"class":99},[44,91375,103],{"class":58},[44,91377,22658],{"class":89},[44,91379,108],{"class":58},[20,91381,35946,91382,91387],{},[167,91383,91385],{"href":91384},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91386,35102],{}," is usually a better choice:",[35,91389,91391],{"className":37,"code":91390,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91392,91393,91425,91429,91449],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91394,91395,91397,91399,91401,91403,91405,91407,91409,91411,91413,91415,91417,91419,91421,91423],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91396,362],{"class":50},[44,91398,55],{"class":54},[44,91400,2993],{"class":58},[44,91402,236],{"class":235},[44,91404,167],{"class":239},[44,91406,236],{"class":235},[44,91408,66],{"class":58},[44,91410,247],{"class":235},[44,91412,1164],{"class":239},[44,91414,236],{"class":235},[44,91416,66],{"class":58},[44,91418,247],{"class":235},[44,91420,9109],{"class":239},[44,91422,236],{"class":235},[44,91424,3006],{"class":58},[44,91426,91427],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,91428,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,91430,91431,91433,91435,91437,91439,91441,91443,91445,91447],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,91432,5328],{"class":3245},[44,91434,35174],{"class":50},[44,91436,66],{"class":58},[44,91438,5331],{"class":50},[44,91440,3252],{"class":3245},[44,91442,35184],{"class":99},[44,91444,103],{"class":58},[44,91446,397],{"class":89},[44,91448,7716],{"class":58},[44,91450,91451,91453,91455,91457,91459,91461],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,91452,7442],{"class":99},[44,91454,103],{"class":58},[44,91456,35199],{"class":89},[44,91458,66],{"class":58},[44,91460,28855],{"class":89},[44,91462,108],{"class":58},[20,91464,78479,91465,86],{},[167,91466,35959,91467,35962],{"href":35958},[15,91468,35102],{},[131,91470,91472,91473,91475],{"id":91471},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,91474,35551],{}," to a list",[20,91477,91478,91480],{},[15,91479,35551],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,91482,91483,91484,2255],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,91485,24129],{},[35,91487,91489],{"className":37,"code":91488,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,91490,91491],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91492,91493,91495,91497,91499,91501,91503,91505,91507],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91494,100],{"class":99},[44,91496,103],{"class":58},[44,91498,7467],{"class":121},[44,91500,103],{"class":58},[44,91502,59359],{"class":99},[44,91504,103],{"class":58},[44,91506,1432],{"class":62},[44,91508,2283],{"class":58},[20,91510,111],{},[35,91512,91514],{"className":37,"code":91513,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,91515,91516],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91517,91518,91520,91522,91524,91526,91528,91530],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91519,3270],{"class":58},[44,91521,1490],{"class":62},[44,91523,66],{"class":58},[44,91525,4867],{"class":62},[44,91527,66],{"class":58},[44,91529,69],{"class":62},[44,91531,3006],{"class":58},[20,91533,32662],{},[145,91535,91536,91541,91544],{},[148,91537,91538,91539,41442],{},"learning how ",[15,91540,35551],{},[148,91542,91543],{},"checking your values",[148,91545,91546],{},"debugging code",[20,91548,4841],{},[35,91550,91552],{"className":37,"code":91551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,91553,91554,91568,91572,91582],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91555,91556,91558,91560,91562,91564,91566],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91557,51],{"class":50},[44,91559,55],{"class":54},[44,91561,53432],{"class":99},[44,91563,103],{"class":58},[44,91565,1875],{"class":62},[44,91567,108],{"class":58},[44,91569,91570],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,91571,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,91573,91574,91576,91578,91580],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,91575,100],{"class":99},[44,91577,103],{"class":58},[44,91579,83],{"class":89},[44,91581,108],{"class":58},[44,91583,91584,91586,91588,91590,91592,91594],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,91585,100],{"class":99},[44,91587,103],{"class":58},[44,91589,7467],{"class":121},[44,91591,103],{"class":58},[44,91593,83],{"class":89},[44,91595,993],{"class":58},[20,91597,111],{},[35,91599,91601],{"className":37,"code":91600,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,91602,91603,91617],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91604,91605,91607,91609,91611,91613,91615],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91606,59359],{"class":99},[44,91608,103],{"class":58},[44,91610,1490],{"class":62},[44,91612,66],{"class":58},[44,91614,1827],{"class":62},[44,91616,108],{"class":58},[44,91618,91619,91621,91623,91625,91627,91629,91631,91633,91635],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,91620,3270],{"class":58},[44,91622,1490],{"class":62},[44,91624,66],{"class":58},[44,91626,4867],{"class":62},[44,91628,66],{"class":58},[44,91630,69],{"class":62},[44,91632,66],{"class":58},[44,91634,74],{"class":62},[44,91636,3006],{"class":58},[20,91638,91639,91640,9953,91642,91645],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,91641,59359],{},[15,91643,91644],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[131,91647,784],{"id":783},[20,91649,32891,91650,86],{},[15,91651,35551],{},[347,91653,91655],{"id":91654},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,91657,91658],{},"Many beginners think this:",[35,91660,91662],{"className":37,"code":91661,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,91663,91664],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91665,91666,91668,91670,91672,91674,91676,91678,91680,91682,91684],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91667,100],{"class":99},[44,91669,103],{"class":58},[44,91671,7467],{"class":121},[44,91673,103],{"class":58},[44,91675,59359],{"class":99},[44,91677,103],{"class":58},[44,91679,63],{"class":62},[44,91681,66],{"class":58},[44,91683,3975],{"class":62},[44,91685,2283],{"class":58},[20,91687,91688],{},"will produce:",[35,91690,91692],{"className":37,"code":91691,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91693,91694],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91695,91696,91698,91700,91702,91704,91706,91708,91710,91712,91714,91716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91697,3270],{"class":58},[44,91699,63],{"class":62},[44,91701,66],{"class":58},[44,91703,69],{"class":62},[44,91705,66],{"class":58},[44,91707,74],{"class":62},[44,91709,66],{"class":58},[44,91711,1827],{"class":62},[44,91713,66],{"class":58},[44,91715,3975],{"class":62},[44,91717,3006],{"class":58},[20,91719,91720],{},"But the real output is:",[35,91722,91723],{"className":37,"code":52867,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91724,91725],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91726,91727,91729,91731,91733,91735,91737,91739,91741,91743],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91728,3270],{"class":58},[44,91730,63],{"class":62},[44,91732,66],{"class":58},[44,91734,69],{"class":62},[44,91736,66],{"class":58},[44,91738,74],{"class":62},[44,91740,66],{"class":58},[44,91742,1827],{"class":62},[44,91744,3006],{"class":58},[20,91746,91747],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[347,91749,3949,91751,91753,91754],{"id":91750},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,91752,90215],{}," starts at ",[15,91755,63],{},[20,91757,36822,91758,18311,91760,86],{},[15,91759,1490],{},[15,91761,63],{},[35,91763,91764],{"className":37,"code":90408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91765,91766],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91767,91768,91770,91772,91774,91776,91778,91780,91782],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91769,100],{"class":99},[44,91771,103],{"class":58},[44,91773,7467],{"class":121},[44,91775,103],{"class":58},[44,91777,59359],{"class":99},[44,91779,103],{"class":58},[44,91781,1507],{"class":62},[44,91783,2283],{"class":58},[20,91785,111],{},[35,91787,91788],{"className":37,"code":59382,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91789,91790],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91791,91792,91794,91796,91798,91800,91802,91804,91806,91808,91810,91812],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91793,3270],{"class":58},[44,91795,1490],{"class":62},[44,91797,66],{"class":58},[44,91799,4867],{"class":62},[44,91801,66],{"class":58},[44,91803,69],{"class":62},[44,91805,66],{"class":58},[44,91807,74],{"class":62},[44,91809,66],{"class":58},[44,91811,1827],{"class":62},[44,91813,3006],{"class":58},[347,91815,91817],{"id":91816},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,91819,91820,91821,2255],{},"This often happens with ",[15,91822,2329],{},[35,91824,91826],{"className":37,"code":91825,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,91827,91828,91847,91851,91868],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91829,91830,91833,91835,91837,91839,91841,91843,91845],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91831,91832],{"class":50},"user_number ",[44,91834,55],{"class":54},[44,91836,7616],{"class":99},[44,91838,103],{"class":58},[44,91840,236],{"class":235},[44,91842,41228],{"class":239},[44,91844,236],{"class":235},[44,91846,108],{"class":58},[44,91848,91849],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,91850,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,91852,91853,91855,91857,91859,91861,91863,91866],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,91854,5328],{"class":3245},[44,91856,68910],{"class":50},[44,91858,3252],{"class":3245},[44,91860,53432],{"class":99},[44,91862,103],{"class":58},[44,91864,91865],{"class":89},"user_number",[44,91867,7716],{"class":58},[44,91869,91870,91872,91874,91876],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,91871,7442],{"class":99},[44,91873,103],{"class":58},[44,91875,35508],{"class":89},[44,91877,108],{"class":58},[20,91879,47870,91880,91882],{},[15,91881,2329],{}," returns a string.",[20,91884,10174],{},[35,91886,91888],{"className":37,"code":91887,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,91889,91890,91912,91916,91932],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91891,91892,91894,91896,91898,91900,91902,91904,91906,91908,91910],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91893,91832],{"class":50},[44,91895,55],{"class":54},[44,91897,44635],{"class":121},[44,91899,103],{"class":58},[44,91901,41820],{"class":99},[44,91903,103],{"class":58},[44,91905,236],{"class":235},[44,91907,41228],{"class":239},[44,91909,236],{"class":235},[44,91911,993],{"class":58},[44,91913,91914],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,91915,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,91917,91918,91920,91922,91924,91926,91928,91930],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,91919,5328],{"class":3245},[44,91921,68910],{"class":50},[44,91923,3252],{"class":3245},[44,91925,53432],{"class":99},[44,91927,103],{"class":58},[44,91929,91865],{"class":89},[44,91931,7716],{"class":58},[44,91933,91934,91936,91938,91940],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,91935,7442],{"class":99},[44,91937,103],{"class":58},[44,91939,35508],{"class":89},[44,91941,108],{"class":58},[20,91943,91944,91945,86],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[167,91946,49884,91947],{"href":49883},[15,91948,49887],{},[347,91950,91952,91953,91955,91956],{"id":91951},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,91954,35426],{}," smaller than ",[15,91957,74787],{},[20,91959,91960],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[35,91962,91963],{"className":37,"code":90890,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91964,91965],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91966,91967,91969,91971,91973,91975,91977,91979,91981,91983,91985,91987,91989,91991],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91968,100],{"class":99},[44,91970,103],{"class":58},[44,91972,7467],{"class":121},[44,91974,103],{"class":58},[44,91976,59359],{"class":99},[44,91978,103],{"class":58},[44,91980,63],{"class":62},[44,91982,66],{"class":58},[44,91984,3975],{"class":62},[44,91986,66],{"class":58},[44,91988,1593],{"class":54},[44,91990,63],{"class":62},[44,91992,2283],{"class":58},[20,91994,111],{},[35,91996,91997],{"className":37,"code":37652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91998,91999],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92000,92001],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92002,37652],{"class":58},[20,92004,92005],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[347,92007,24965,92009],{"id":92008},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92010,92011],{},"step = 0",[20,92013,76930],{},[35,92015,92017],{"className":37,"code":92016,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92018,92019],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92020,92021,92023,92025,92027,92029,92031,92033,92035],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92022,59359],{"class":99},[44,92024,103],{"class":58},[44,92026,63],{"class":62},[44,92028,66],{"class":58},[44,92030,5375],{"class":62},[44,92032,66],{"class":58},[44,92034,3202],{"class":62},[44,92036,108],{"class":58},[20,92038,92039],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[347,92041,4074,92043,92045],{"id":92042},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92044,35551],{}," is not a list",[20,92047,92048],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[35,92050,92052],{"className":37,"code":92051,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92053,92054],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92055,92056,92058,92060,92062,92064,92066],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92057,100],{"class":99},[44,92059,103],{"class":58},[44,92061,59359],{"class":99},[44,92063,103],{"class":58},[44,92065,1507],{"class":62},[44,92067,993],{"class":58},[20,92069,111],{},[35,92071,92073],{"className":37,"code":92072,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92074,92075],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92076,92077,92079,92081,92083,92085,92087],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92078,59359],{"class":99},[44,92080,103],{"class":58},[44,92082,1490],{"class":62},[44,92084,66],{"class":58},[44,92086,3975],{"class":62},[44,92088,108],{"class":58},[20,92090,92091],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[35,92093,92094],{"className":37,"code":90408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92095,92096],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92097,92098,92100,92102,92104,92106,92108,92110,92112],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92099,100],{"class":99},[44,92101,103],{"class":58},[44,92103,7467],{"class":121},[44,92105,103],{"class":58},[44,92107,59359],{"class":99},[44,92109,103],{"class":58},[44,92111,1507],{"class":62},[44,92113,2283],{"class":58},[20,92115,111],{},[35,92117,92118],{"className":37,"code":59382,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92119,92120],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92121,92122,92124,92126,92128,92130,92132,92134,92136,92138,92140,92142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92123,3270],{"class":58},[44,92125,1490],{"class":62},[44,92127,66],{"class":58},[44,92129,4867],{"class":62},[44,92131,66],{"class":58},[44,92133,69],{"class":62},[44,92135,66],{"class":58},[44,92137,74],{"class":62},[44,92139,66],{"class":58},[44,92141,1827],{"class":62},[44,92143,3006],{"class":58},[131,92145,92147],{"id":92146},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92149,8245,92150,81701],{},[15,92151,35551],{},[35,92153,92155],{"className":37,"code":92154,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92156,92157,92171,92189,92211,92239],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92158,92159,92161,92163,92165,92167,92169],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92160,100],{"class":99},[44,92162,103],{"class":58},[44,92164,59359],{"class":99},[44,92166,103],{"class":58},[44,92168,1507],{"class":62},[44,92170,993],{"class":58},[44,92172,92173,92175,92177,92179,92181,92183,92185,92187],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,92174,100],{"class":99},[44,92176,103],{"class":58},[44,92178,7467],{"class":121},[44,92180,103],{"class":58},[44,92182,59359],{"class":99},[44,92184,103],{"class":58},[44,92186,1507],{"class":62},[44,92188,2283],{"class":58},[44,92190,92191,92193,92195,92197,92199,92201,92203,92205,92207,92209],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,92192,100],{"class":99},[44,92194,103],{"class":58},[44,92196,7467],{"class":121},[44,92198,103],{"class":58},[44,92200,59359],{"class":99},[44,92202,103],{"class":58},[44,92204,1426],{"class":62},[44,92206,66],{"class":58},[44,92208,5730],{"class":62},[44,92210,2283],{"class":58},[44,92212,92213,92215,92217,92219,92221,92223,92225,92227,92229,92231,92233,92235,92237],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,92214,100],{"class":99},[44,92216,103],{"class":58},[44,92218,7467],{"class":121},[44,92220,103],{"class":58},[44,92222,59359],{"class":99},[44,92224,103],{"class":58},[44,92226,1701],{"class":62},[44,92228,66],{"class":58},[44,92230,3202],{"class":62},[44,92232,66],{"class":58},[44,92234,1593],{"class":54},[44,92236,1426],{"class":62},[44,92238,2283],{"class":58},[44,92240,92241,92243,92245,92247,92249,92251,92253,92255],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,92242,100],{"class":99},[44,92244,103],{"class":58},[44,92246,985],{"class":121},[44,92248,103],{"class":58},[44,92250,59359],{"class":99},[44,92252,103],{"class":58},[44,92254,1507],{"class":62},[44,92256,2283],{"class":58},[20,92258,25356],{},[145,92260,92261,92264,92267],{},[148,92262,92263],{},"what values are being created",[148,92265,92266],{},"whether the direction is correct",[148,92268,92269,92270,23965],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92271,59359],{},[131,92273,1196],{"id":1195},[347,92275,1212,92277,92279],{"id":92276},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92278,35551],{}," include the last number?",[20,92281,92282],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[347,92284,4526,92286,92288,92289,1239],{"id":92285},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92287,90215],{}," start at ",[15,92290,1490],{},[20,92292,92293,92294,86],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92295,1490],{},[347,92297,4538,92299,92301],{"id":92298},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92300,35551],{}," count backward?",[20,92303,92304,92305,86],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92306,92307],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[347,92309,14257,92311,25391],{"id":92310},"is-range-a-list",[15,92312,35551],{},[20,92314,25394,92315,92317,92318,23286],{},[15,92316,59359],{}," object. Use ",[15,92319,92320],{},"list(range(...))",[347,92322,4526,92324,48044],{"id":92323},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92325,92326],{},"range(input())",[20,92328,92329,2853,92331,86],{},[15,92330,2329],{},[15,92332,92333],{},"int(input())",[131,92335,1251],{"id":1250},[145,92337,92338,92342,92348,92354,92360],{},[148,92339,92340],{},[167,92341,35382],{"href":35381},[148,92343,92344],{},[167,92345,2945,92346,2878],{"href":41715},[15,92347,41718],{},[148,92349,92350],{},[167,92351,2945,92352,2878],{"href":91384},[15,92353,35102],{},[148,92355,92356],{},[167,92357,36873,92358,35962],{"href":35958},[15,92359,35102],{},[148,92361,92362],{},[167,92363,49884,92364],{"href":49883},[15,92365,49887],{},[1294,92367,92368],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":92370},[92371,92372,92374,92380,92388,92395,92397,92409,92410,92422],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":90224,"depth":80,"text":92373},"What range() does",{"id":90317,"depth":80,"text":92375,"children":92376},"range() syntax",[92377,92378,92379],{"id":90397,"depth":96,"text":90400},{"id":90461,"depth":96,"text":90464},{"id":90529,"depth":96,"text":90532},{"id":90600,"depth":80,"text":90601,"children":92381},[92382,92383,92384,92385,92386],{"id":90607,"depth":96,"text":90215},{"id":90670,"depth":96,"text":90673},{"id":90734,"depth":96,"text":90737},{"id":90810,"depth":96,"text":90811},{"id":76174,"depth":96,"text":92387},"step cannot be 0",{"id":90969,"depth":80,"text":92389,"children":92390},"Using range() in a for loop",[92391,92392,92393],{"id":91071,"depth":96,"text":91072},{"id":91116,"depth":96,"text":91117},{"id":91196,"depth":96,"text":92394},"range() and indexing",{"id":91471,"depth":80,"text":92396},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":783,"depth":80,"text":784,"children":92398},[92399,92400,92402,92403,92405,92407],{"id":91654,"depth":96,"text":91655},{"id":91750,"depth":96,"text":92401},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":91816,"depth":96,"text":91817},{"id":91951,"depth":96,"text":92404},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92008,"depth":96,"text":92406},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92042,"depth":96,"text":92408},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92146,"depth":80,"text":92147},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":92411},[92412,92414,92416,92418,92420],{"id":92276,"depth":96,"text":92413},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92285,"depth":96,"text":92415},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92298,"depth":96,"text":92417},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92310,"depth":96,"text":92419},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92323,"depth":96,"text":92421},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90118,"description":92423},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92430,"title":92431,"body":92432,"description":94104,"extension":1331,"meta":94105,"navigation":268,"path":94106,"seo":94107,"stem":94108,"__hash__":94109},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92433,"toc":94077},[92434,92443,92450,92466,92482,92484,92533,92541,92545,92548,92568,92570,92634,92636,92679,92682,92728,92730,92763,92773,92779,92787,92804,92806,92837,92839,92864,92869,92880,92883,92953,92955,92986,92991,92996,93013,93015,93066,93068,93101,93104,93111,93116,93120,93136,93138,93182,93184,93230,93233,93246,93251,93255,93269,93271,93322,93324,93357,93362,93364,93371,93373,93396,93398,93463,93465,93482,93485,93518,93520,93548,93558,93565,93569,93572,93590,93593,93621,93624,93642,93647,93653,93656,93678,93680,93708,93710,93713,93738,93741,93854,93856,93935,93937,93943,93948,93956,93964,93968,93971,93973,94006,94008,94016,94022,94029,94036,94039,94041,94074],[10,92435,2945,92437,9953,92439,92442],{"id":92436},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92438,35551],{},[15,92440,92441],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92444,92445,342,92447,92449],{},[15,92446,35551],{},[15,92448,92441],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[145,92451,92452,92459],{},[148,92453,92454,569,92456],{},[15,92455,35551],{},[30,92457,92458],{},"range object",[148,92460,92461,569,92463],{},[15,92462,92441],{},[30,92464,92465],{},"real list",[20,92467,92468,92469,92471,92472,92475,92476,92478,92479,92481],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,92470,90215],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,92473,92474],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,92477,35551],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,92480,92441],{}," when you actually need a list.",[131,92483,2979],{"id":2978},[35,92485,92487],{"className":37,"code":92486,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92488,92489,92503,92516],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92490,92491,92493,92495,92497,92499,92501],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92492,51],{"class":50},[44,92494,55],{"class":54},[44,92496,53432],{"class":99},[44,92498,103],{"class":58},[44,92500,1507],{"class":62},[44,92502,108],{"class":58},[44,92504,92505,92507,92509,92511,92513],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,92506,100],{"class":99},[44,92508,103],{"class":58},[44,92510,83],{"class":89},[44,92512,3032],{"class":58},[44,92514,92515],{"class":3035},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[44,92517,92518,92520,92522,92524,92526,92528,92530],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,92519,100],{"class":99},[44,92521,103],{"class":58},[44,92523,7467],{"class":121},[44,92525,103],{"class":58},[44,92527,83],{"class":89},[44,92529,4730],{"class":58},[44,92531,92532],{"class":3035},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,92534,1462,92535,92537,92538,92540],{},[15,92536,35551],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,92539,92441],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[131,92542,92544],{"id":92543},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,92546,92547],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[145,92549,92550,92557,92562,92565],{},[148,92551,92552,21323,92554,92556],{},[15,92553,35551],{},[30,92555,92458],{},", not a list",[148,92558,92559,92561],{},[15,92560,92441],{}," converts that range object into a list",[148,92563,92564],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[148,92566,92567],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,92569,1578],{},[35,92571,92573],{"className":37,"code":92572,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,92574,92575,92590,92609,92613,92623],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92576,92577,92580,92582,92584,92586,92588],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92578,92579],{"class":50},"r ",[44,92581,55],{"class":54},[44,92583,53432],{"class":99},[44,92585,103],{"class":58},[44,92587,1507],{"class":62},[44,92589,108],{"class":58},[44,92591,92592,92595,92597,92599,92601,92603,92605,92607],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,92593,92594],{"class":50},"lst ",[44,92596,55],{"class":54},[44,92598,21907],{"class":121},[44,92600,103],{"class":58},[44,92602,59359],{"class":99},[44,92604,103],{"class":58},[44,92606,1507],{"class":62},[44,92608,993],{"class":58},[44,92610,92611],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,92612,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,92614,92615,92617,92619,92621],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,92616,100],{"class":99},[44,92618,103],{"class":58},[44,92620,59866],{"class":89},[44,92622,108],{"class":58},[44,92624,92625,92627,92629,92632],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,92626,100],{"class":99},[44,92628,103],{"class":58},[44,92630,92631],{"class":89},"lst",[44,92633,108],{"class":58},[20,92635,111],{},[35,92637,92639],{"className":37,"code":92638,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92640,92641,92655],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92642,92643,92645,92647,92649,92651,92653],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92644,59359],{"class":99},[44,92646,103],{"class":58},[44,92648,1490],{"class":62},[44,92650,66],{"class":58},[44,92652,3975],{"class":62},[44,92654,108],{"class":58},[44,92656,92657,92659,92661,92663,92665,92667,92669,92671,92673,92675,92677],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,92658,3270],{"class":58},[44,92660,1490],{"class":62},[44,92662,66],{"class":58},[44,92664,4867],{"class":62},[44,92666,66],{"class":58},[44,92668,69],{"class":62},[44,92670,66],{"class":58},[44,92672,74],{"class":62},[44,92674,66],{"class":58},[44,92676,1827],{"class":62},[44,92678,3006],{"class":58},[20,92680,92681],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[35,92683,92685],{"className":37,"code":92684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,92686,92687,92705],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92688,92689,92691,92693,92695,92697,92699,92701,92703],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92690,100],{"class":99},[44,92692,103],{"class":58},[44,92694,985],{"class":121},[44,92696,103],{"class":58},[44,92698,59359],{"class":99},[44,92700,103],{"class":58},[44,92702,1507],{"class":62},[44,92704,2283],{"class":58},[44,92706,92707,92709,92711,92713,92715,92717,92719,92721,92723,92725],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,92708,100],{"class":99},[44,92710,103],{"class":58},[44,92712,985],{"class":121},[44,92714,103],{"class":58},[44,92716,7467],{"class":121},[44,92718,103],{"class":58},[44,92720,59359],{"class":99},[44,92722,103],{"class":58},[44,92724,1507],{"class":62},[44,92726,92727],{"class":58},"))))\n",[20,92729,111],{},[35,92731,92733],{"className":37,"code":92732,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,92734,92735,92749],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92736,92737,92739,92741,92743,92745,92747],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92738,1005],{"class":54},[44,92740,1009],{"class":1008},[44,92742,1012],{"class":235},[44,92744,59359],{"class":239},[44,92746,1018],{"class":235},[44,92748,1021],{"class":54},[44,92750,92751,92753,92755,92757,92759,92761],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,92752,1005],{"class":54},[44,92754,1009],{"class":1008},[44,92756,1012],{"class":235},[44,92758,7467],{"class":239},[44,92760,1018],{"class":235},[44,92762,1021],{"class":54},[20,92764,92765,92766,92768,92769,86],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,92767,35551],{}," works, see ",[167,92770,2945,92771,2878],{"href":92425},[15,92772,35551],{},[131,92774,134,92776,92778],{"id":92775},"what-range-gives-you",[15,92777,35551],{}," gives you",[20,92780,92781,92783,92784,92786],{},[15,92782,35551],{}," is most often used in ",[15,92785,5328],{}," loops.",[145,92788,92789,92792,92795,92798],{},[148,92790,92791],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[148,92793,92794],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[148,92796,92797],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[148,92799,92800,92801],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,92802,92803],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,92805,1578],{},[35,92807,92809],{"className":37,"code":92808,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92810,92811,92827],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92812,92813,92815,92817,92819,92821,92823,92825],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92814,5328],{"class":3245},[44,92816,68910],{"class":50},[44,92818,3252],{"class":3245},[44,92820,53432],{"class":99},[44,92822,103],{"class":58},[44,92824,1507],{"class":62},[44,92826,7716],{"class":58},[44,92828,92829,92831,92833,92835],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,92830,7442],{"class":99},[44,92832,103],{"class":58},[44,92834,35508],{"class":89},[44,92836,108],{"class":58},[20,92838,111],{},[35,92840,92842],{"className":37,"code":92841,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,92843,92844,92848,92852,92856,92860],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92845,92846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92847,46611],{"class":62},[44,92849,92850],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,92851,46276],{"class":62},[44,92853,92854],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,92855,16406],{"class":62},[44,92857,92858],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,92859,45976],{"class":62},[44,92861,92862],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,92863,48010],{"class":62},[20,92865,565,92866,92868],{},[15,92867,90215],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,92870,92871,92872,92874,92875,86],{},"This is one reason ",[15,92873,35551],{}," is so common with ",[167,92876,2945,92878,90246],{"href":92877},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,92879,5328],{},[20,92881,92882],{},"You can also inspect it:",[35,92884,92886],{"className":37,"code":92885,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,92887,92888,92910,92914,92924,92938],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92889,92890,92892,92894,92896,92898,92900,92902,92904,92906,92908],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92891,92579],{"class":50},[44,92893,55],{"class":54},[44,92895,53432],{"class":99},[44,92897,103],{"class":58},[44,92899,1426],{"class":62},[44,92901,66],{"class":58},[44,92903,5375],{"class":62},[44,92905,66],{"class":58},[44,92907,69],{"class":62},[44,92909,108],{"class":58},[44,92911,92912],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,92913,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,92915,92916,92918,92920,92922],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,92917,100],{"class":99},[44,92919,103],{"class":58},[44,92921,59866],{"class":89},[44,92923,108],{"class":58},[44,92925,92926,92928,92930,92932,92934,92936],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,92927,100],{"class":99},[44,92929,103],{"class":58},[44,92931,10529],{"class":99},[44,92933,103],{"class":58},[44,92935,59866],{"class":89},[44,92937,993],{"class":58},[44,92939,92940,92942,92944,92946,92948,92951],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,92941,100],{"class":99},[44,92943,103],{"class":58},[44,92945,79955],{"class":62},[44,92947,20521],{"class":3245},[44,92949,92950],{"class":89}," r",[44,92952,108],{"class":58},[20,92954,111],{},[35,92956,92958],{"className":37,"code":92957,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,92959,92960,92978,92982],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92961,92962,92964,92966,92968,92970,92972,92974,92976],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92963,59359],{"class":99},[44,92965,103],{"class":58},[44,92967,1426],{"class":62},[44,92969,66],{"class":58},[44,92971,5375],{"class":62},[44,92973,66],{"class":58},[44,92975,69],{"class":62},[44,92977,108],{"class":58},[44,92979,92980],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,92981,48010],{"class":62},[44,92983,92984],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,92985,3350],{"class":692},[131,92987,134,92989,92778],{"id":92988},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,92990,92441],{},[20,92992,92993,92995],{},[15,92994,92441],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[145,92997,92998,93001,93004,93007],{},[148,92999,93000],{},"It creates all values at once",[148,93002,93003],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[148,93005,93006],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[148,93008,93009,93010,93012],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93011,35551],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93014,1578],{},[35,93016,93018],{"className":37,"code":93017,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93019,93020,93038,93042,93052],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93021,93022,93024,93026,93028,93030,93032,93034,93036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93023,51],{"class":50},[44,93025,55],{"class":54},[44,93027,21907],{"class":121},[44,93029,103],{"class":58},[44,93031,59359],{"class":99},[44,93033,103],{"class":58},[44,93035,1507],{"class":62},[44,93037,993],{"class":58},[44,93039,93040],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,93041,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,93043,93044,93046,93048,93050],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,93045,100],{"class":99},[44,93047,103],{"class":58},[44,93049,83],{"class":89},[44,93051,108],{"class":58},[44,93053,93054,93056,93058,93060,93062,93064],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,93055,100],{"class":99},[44,93057,103],{"class":58},[44,93059,83],{"class":89},[44,93061,3270],{"class":58},[44,93063,1426],{"class":62},[44,93065,3258],{"class":58},[20,93067,111],{},[35,93069,93071],{"className":37,"code":93070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93072,93073,93097],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93074,93075,93077,93079,93081,93083,93085,93087,93089,93091,93093,93095],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93076,3270],{"class":58},[44,93078,1490],{"class":62},[44,93080,66],{"class":58},[44,93082,4867],{"class":62},[44,93084,66],{"class":58},[44,93086,69],{"class":62},[44,93088,66],{"class":58},[44,93090,74],{"class":62},[44,93092,66],{"class":58},[44,93094,1827],{"class":62},[44,93096,3006],{"class":58},[44,93098,93099],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,93100,16406],{"class":62},[20,93102,93103],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93105,93106,93107,86],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[167,93108,2945,93109,2878],{"href":64209},[15,93110,24129],{},[131,93112,4331,93114],{"id":93113},"when-to-use-range",[15,93115,35551],{},[20,93117,1462,93118,9969],{},[15,93119,35551],{},[145,93121,93122,93127,93130,93133],{},[148,93123,93124,93125,90975],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93126,5328],{},[148,93128,93129],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[148,93131,93132],{},"You are working with large sequences",[148,93134,93135],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93137,1578],{},[35,93139,93141],{"className":37,"code":93140,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93142,93143,93163],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93144,93145,93147,93149,93151,93153,93155,93157,93159,93161],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93146,5328],{"class":3245},[44,93148,68910],{"class":50},[44,93150,3252],{"class":3245},[44,93152,53432],{"class":99},[44,93154,103],{"class":58},[44,93156,63],{"class":62},[44,93158,66],{"class":58},[44,93160,36998],{"class":62},[44,93162,7716],{"class":58},[44,93164,93165,93167,93169,93171,93174,93176,93178,93180],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,93166,7442],{"class":99},[44,93168,103],{"class":58},[44,93170,236],{"class":235},[44,93172,93173],{"class":239},"Count:",[44,93175,236],{"class":235},[44,93177,66],{"class":58},[44,93179,35483],{"class":89},[44,93181,108],{"class":58},[20,93183,111],{},[35,93185,93187],{"className":37,"code":93186,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93188,93189,93198,93206,93214,93222],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93190,93191,93194,93196],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93192,93193],{"class":50},"Count",[44,93195,2255],{"class":58},[44,93197,28963],{"class":62},[44,93199,93200,93202,93204],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,93201,93193],{"class":50},[44,93203,2255],{"class":58},[44,93205,44948],{"class":62},[44,93207,93208,93210,93212],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,93209,93193],{"class":50},[44,93211,2255],{"class":58},[44,93213,1947],{"class":62},[44,93215,93216,93218,93220],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,93217,93193],{"class":50},[44,93219,2255],{"class":58},[44,93221,23011],{"class":62},[44,93223,93224,93226,93228],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,93225,93193],{"class":50},[44,93227,2255],{"class":58},[44,93229,34194],{"class":62},[20,93231,93232],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93234,93235,93236,93238,93239,61649,93241,86],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93237,35102],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93240,35952],{},[167,93242,35959,93244,35962],{"href":93243},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93245,35102],{},[131,93247,4331,93249],{"id":93248},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93250,92441],{},[20,93252,1462,93253,9969],{},[15,93254,92441],{},[145,93256,93257,93260,93263,93266],{},[148,93258,93259],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[148,93261,93262],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[148,93264,93265],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[148,93267,93268],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93270,1578],{},[35,93272,93274],{"className":37,"code":93273,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93275,93276,93294,93308,93312],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93277,93278,93280,93282,93284,93286,93288,93290,93292],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93279,51],{"class":50},[44,93281,55],{"class":54},[44,93283,21907],{"class":121},[44,93285,103],{"class":58},[44,93287,59359],{"class":99},[44,93289,103],{"class":58},[44,93291,1507],{"class":62},[44,93293,993],{"class":58},[44,93295,93296,93298,93300,93302,93304,93306],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,93297,83],{"class":50},[44,93299,86],{"class":58},[44,93301,12907],{"class":89},[44,93303,103],{"class":58},[44,93305,1507],{"class":62},[44,93307,108],{"class":58},[44,93309,93310],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,93311,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,93313,93314,93316,93318,93320],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,93315,100],{"class":99},[44,93317,103],{"class":58},[44,93319,83],{"class":89},[44,93321,108],{"class":58},[20,93323,111],{},[35,93325,93327],{"className":37,"code":93326,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93328,93329],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93330,93331,93333,93335,93337,93339,93341,93343,93345,93347,93349,93351,93353,93355],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93332,3270],{"class":58},[44,93334,1490],{"class":62},[44,93336,66],{"class":58},[44,93338,4867],{"class":62},[44,93340,66],{"class":58},[44,93342,69],{"class":62},[44,93344,66],{"class":58},[44,93346,74],{"class":62},[44,93348,66],{"class":58},[44,93350,1827],{"class":62},[44,93352,66],{"class":58},[44,93354,3975],{"class":62},[44,93356,3006],{"class":58},[20,93358,5431,93359,93361],{},[15,93360,83],{}," is a list.",[131,93363,14950],{"id":14949},[20,93365,93366,93368,93369,86],{},[15,93367,35551],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[30,93370,36952],{},[20,93372,1477],{},[145,93374,93375,93377,93382,93387,93390],{},[148,93376,21333],{},[148,93378,93379,93380],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93381,41718],{},[148,93383,93384,93385],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93386,3252],{},[148,93388,93389],{},"You can index it",[148,93391,93392,93393,93395],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93394,52014],{}," do not work on it",[20,93397,1578],{},[35,93399,93401],{"className":37,"code":93400,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93402,93403,93417,93421,93435,93449],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93404,93405,93407,93409,93411,93413,93415],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93406,92579],{"class":50},[44,93408,55],{"class":54},[44,93410,53432],{"class":99},[44,93412,103],{"class":58},[44,93414,1507],{"class":62},[44,93416,108],{"class":58},[44,93418,93419],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,93420,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,93422,93423,93425,93427,93429,93431,93433],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,93424,100],{"class":99},[44,93426,103],{"class":58},[44,93428,59866],{"class":89},[44,93430,3270],{"class":58},[44,93432,1426],{"class":62},[44,93434,3258],{"class":58},[44,93436,93437,93439,93441,93443,93445,93447],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,93438,100],{"class":99},[44,93440,103],{"class":58},[44,93442,10529],{"class":99},[44,93444,103],{"class":58},[44,93446,59866],{"class":89},[44,93448,993],{"class":58},[44,93450,93451,93453,93455,93457,93459,93461],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,93452,100],{"class":99},[44,93454,103],{"class":58},[44,93456,1432],{"class":62},[44,93458,20521],{"class":3245},[44,93460,92950],{"class":89},[44,93462,108],{"class":58},[20,93464,111],{},[35,93466,93468],{"className":37,"code":93467,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,93469,93470,93474,93478],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93471,93472],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93473,16406],{"class":62},[44,93475,93476],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,93477,2318],{"class":62},[44,93479,93480],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,93481,3350],{"class":692},[20,93483,93484],{},"Now compare that with this:",[35,93486,93488],{"className":37,"code":93487,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,93489,93490,93504],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93491,93492,93494,93496,93498,93500,93502],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93493,92579],{"class":50},[44,93495,55],{"class":54},[44,93497,53432],{"class":99},[44,93499,103],{"class":58},[44,93501,1507],{"class":62},[44,93503,108],{"class":58},[44,93505,93506,93508,93510,93512,93514,93516],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,93507,59866],{"class":50},[44,93509,86],{"class":58},[44,93511,12907],{"class":89},[44,93513,103],{"class":58},[44,93515,1507],{"class":62},[44,93517,108],{"class":58},[20,93519,111],{},[35,93521,93523],{"className":37,"code":93522,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,93524,93525],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93526,93527,93529,93531,93533,93535,93537,93539,93542,93544,93546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93528,25020],{"class":121},[44,93530,2255],{"class":58},[44,93532,1012],{"class":235},[44,93534,59359],{"class":239},[44,93536,1018],{"class":235},[44,93538,23965],{"class":121},[44,93540,93541],{"class":50}," has no attribute ",[44,93543,1018],{"class":235},[44,93545,12907],{"class":239},[44,93547,29048],{"class":235},[20,93549,93550,93551,1559,93553,1563,93555,93557],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,93552,52014],{},[15,93554,944],{},[15,93556,63673],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,93559,93560,93561,86],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[167,93562,25028,93563],{"href":34772},[15,93564,33606],{},[131,93566,93568],{"id":93567},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,93570,93571],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[35,93573,93574],{"className":37,"code":92051,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93575,93576],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93577,93578,93580,93582,93584,93586,93588],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93579,100],{"class":99},[44,93581,103],{"class":58},[44,93583,59359],{"class":99},[44,93585,103],{"class":58},[44,93587,1507],{"class":62},[44,93589,993],{"class":58},[20,93591,93592],{},"to show:",[35,93594,93595],{"className":37,"code":59382,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93596,93597],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93598,93599,93601,93603,93605,93607,93609,93611,93613,93615,93617,93619],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93600,3270],{"class":58},[44,93602,1490],{"class":62},[44,93604,66],{"class":58},[44,93606,4867],{"class":62},[44,93608,66],{"class":58},[44,93610,69],{"class":62},[44,93612,66],{"class":58},[44,93614,74],{"class":62},[44,93616,66],{"class":58},[44,93618,1827],{"class":62},[44,93620,3006],{"class":58},[20,93622,93623],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[35,93625,93626],{"className":37,"code":92072,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93627,93628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93629,93630,93632,93634,93636,93638,93640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93631,59359],{"class":99},[44,93633,103],{"class":58},[44,93635,1490],{"class":62},[44,93637,66],{"class":58},[44,93639,3975],{"class":62},[44,93641,108],{"class":58},[20,93643,3998,93644,93646],{},[30,93645,604],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,93648,93649,93650,93652],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[30,93651,92458],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,93654,93655],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[35,93657,93658],{"className":37,"code":90408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93659,93660],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93661,93662,93664,93666,93668,93670,93672,93674,93676],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93663,100],{"class":99},[44,93665,103],{"class":58},[44,93667,7467],{"class":121},[44,93669,103],{"class":58},[44,93671,59359],{"class":99},[44,93673,103],{"class":58},[44,93675,1507],{"class":62},[44,93677,2283],{"class":58},[20,93679,111],{},[35,93681,93682],{"className":37,"code":59382,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93683,93684],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93685,93686,93688,93690,93692,93694,93696,93698,93700,93702,93704,93706],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93687,3270],{"class":58},[44,93689,1490],{"class":62},[44,93691,66],{"class":58},[44,93693,4867],{"class":62},[44,93695,66],{"class":58},[44,93697,69],{"class":62},[44,93699,66],{"class":58},[44,93701,74],{"class":62},[44,93703,66],{"class":58},[44,93705,1827],{"class":62},[44,93707,3006],{"class":58},[131,93709,2200],{"id":2199},[20,93711,93712],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[145,93714,93715,93721,93724,93730],{},[148,93716,350,93717,93720],{},[15,93718,93719],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[148,93722,93723],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[148,93725,93726,93727,93729],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,93728,35551],{}," is iterable but not a list",[148,93731,350,93732,93734,93735,93737],{},[15,93733,92441],{}," when plain ",[15,93736,35551],{}," would be simpler",[20,93739,93740],{},"These quick checks can help:",[35,93742,93744],{"className":37,"code":93743,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,93745,93746,93760,93778,93796,93818,93836],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93747,93748,93750,93752,93754,93756,93758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93749,100],{"class":99},[44,93751,103],{"class":58},[44,93753,59359],{"class":99},[44,93755,103],{"class":58},[44,93757,1507],{"class":62},[44,93759,993],{"class":58},[44,93761,93762,93764,93766,93768,93770,93772,93774,93776],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,93763,100],{"class":99},[44,93765,103],{"class":58},[44,93767,7467],{"class":121},[44,93769,103],{"class":58},[44,93771,59359],{"class":99},[44,93773,103],{"class":58},[44,93775,1507],{"class":62},[44,93777,2283],{"class":58},[44,93779,93780,93782,93784,93786,93788,93790,93792,93794],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,93781,100],{"class":99},[44,93783,103],{"class":58},[44,93785,985],{"class":121},[44,93787,103],{"class":58},[44,93789,59359],{"class":99},[44,93791,103],{"class":58},[44,93793,1507],{"class":62},[44,93795,2283],{"class":58},[44,93797,93798,93800,93802,93804,93806,93808,93810,93812,93814,93816],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,93799,100],{"class":99},[44,93801,103],{"class":58},[44,93803,985],{"class":121},[44,93805,103],{"class":58},[44,93807,7467],{"class":121},[44,93809,103],{"class":58},[44,93811,59359],{"class":99},[44,93813,103],{"class":58},[44,93815,1507],{"class":62},[44,93817,92727],{"class":58},[44,93819,93820,93822,93824,93826,93828,93830,93832,93834],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,93821,100],{"class":99},[44,93823,103],{"class":58},[44,93825,1432],{"class":62},[44,93827,20521],{"class":3245},[44,93829,53432],{"class":99},[44,93831,103],{"class":58},[44,93833,1507],{"class":62},[44,93835,993],{"class":58},[44,93837,93838,93840,93842,93844,93846,93848,93850,93852],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,93839,100],{"class":99},[44,93841,103],{"class":58},[44,93843,10529],{"class":99},[44,93845,103],{"class":58},[44,93847,59359],{"class":99},[44,93849,103],{"class":58},[44,93851,1507],{"class":62},[44,93853,2283],{"class":58},[20,93855,111],{},[35,93857,93859],{"className":37,"code":93858,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,93860,93861,93875,93899,93913,93927,93931],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93862,93863,93865,93867,93869,93871,93873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93864,59359],{"class":99},[44,93866,103],{"class":58},[44,93868,1490],{"class":62},[44,93870,66],{"class":58},[44,93872,3975],{"class":62},[44,93874,108],{"class":58},[44,93876,93877,93879,93881,93883,93885,93887,93889,93891,93893,93895,93897],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,93878,3270],{"class":58},[44,93880,1490],{"class":62},[44,93882,66],{"class":58},[44,93884,4867],{"class":62},[44,93886,66],{"class":58},[44,93888,69],{"class":62},[44,93890,66],{"class":58},[44,93892,74],{"class":62},[44,93894,66],{"class":58},[44,93896,1827],{"class":62},[44,93898,3006],{"class":58},[44,93900,93901,93903,93905,93907,93909,93911],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,93902,1005],{"class":54},[44,93904,1009],{"class":1008},[44,93906,1012],{"class":235},[44,93908,59359],{"class":239},[44,93910,1018],{"class":235},[44,93912,1021],{"class":54},[44,93914,93915,93917,93919,93921,93923,93925],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,93916,1005],{"class":54},[44,93918,1009],{"class":1008},[44,93920,1012],{"class":235},[44,93922,7467],{"class":239},[44,93924,1018],{"class":235},[44,93926,1021],{"class":54},[44,93928,93929],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,93930,3350],{"class":692},[44,93932,93933],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,93934,2318],{"class":62},[131,93936,1196],{"id":1195},[347,93938,14257,93940,93942],{"id":93939},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,93941,35551],{}," a list in Python?",[20,93944,45724,93945,93947],{},[15,93946,35551],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[347,93949,93951,93952,10459,93954,1239],{"id":93950},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,93953,35551],{},[15,93955,92441],{},[20,93957,93958,93960,93961,93963],{},[15,93959,35551],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,93962,92441],{}," creates a full list.",[347,93965,93967],{"id":93966},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,93969,93970],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,93972,1578],{},[35,93974,93976],{"className":37,"code":93975,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,93977,93978,93992],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93979,93980,93982,93984,93986,93988,93990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93981,92579],{"class":50},[44,93983,55],{"class":54},[44,93985,53432],{"class":99},[44,93987,103],{"class":58},[44,93989,1507],{"class":62},[44,93991,108],{"class":58},[44,93993,93994,93996,93998,94000,94002,94004],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,93995,100],{"class":99},[44,93997,103],{"class":58},[44,93999,59866],{"class":89},[44,94001,3270],{"class":58},[44,94003,63],{"class":62},[44,94005,3258],{"class":58},[20,94007,111],{},[35,94009,94010],{"className":37,"code":46276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94011,94012],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94013,94014],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94015,46276],{"class":62},[347,94017,4526,94019,94021],{"id":94018},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94020,93719],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94023,94024,94025,94028],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94026,94027],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[347,94030,94032,94033,94035],{"id":94031},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94034,35551],{}," to a list?",[20,94037,94038],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[131,94040,1251],{"id":1250},[145,94042,94043,94049,94055,94062,94068],{},[148,94044,94045],{},[167,94046,2945,94047,2878],{"href":92425},[15,94048,35551],{},[148,94050,94051],{},[167,94052,2945,94053,2878],{"href":64209},[15,94054,24129],{},[148,94056,94057],{},[167,94058,2945,94059,94061],{"href":92877},[15,94060,5328],{}," loops explained",[148,94063,94064],{},[167,94065,36873,94066,35962],{"href":93243},[15,94067,35102],{},[148,94069,94070],{},[167,94071,25470,94072],{"href":34772},[15,94073,33606],{},[1294,94075,94076],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":94078},[94079,94080,94081,94083,94085,94087,94089,94090,94091,94092,94103],{"id":2978,"depth":80,"text":2979},{"id":92543,"depth":80,"text":92544},{"id":92775,"depth":80,"text":94082},"What range() gives you",{"id":92988,"depth":80,"text":94084},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93113,"depth":80,"text":94086},"When to use range()",{"id":93248,"depth":80,"text":94088},"When to use list(range())",{"id":14949,"depth":80,"text":14950},{"id":93567,"depth":80,"text":93568},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":94093},[94094,94096,94098,94099,94101],{"id":93939,"depth":96,"text":94095},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":93950,"depth":96,"text":94097},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":93966,"depth":96,"text":93967},{"id":94018,"depth":96,"text":94100},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94031,"depth":96,"text":94102},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92431,"description":94104},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94111,"title":94112,"body":94113,"description":95549,"extension":1331,"meta":95550,"navigation":268,"path":95551,"seo":95552,"stem":95553,"__hash__":95554},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94114,"toc":95515},[94115,94121,94126,94129,94143,94146,94148,94187,94189,94202,94210,94215,94231,94234,94236,94238,94259,94276,94279,94338,94340,94359,94364,94370,94373,94407,94409,94422,94425,94470,94472,94495,94502,94508,94511,94552,94554,94568,94571,94629,94631,94646,94659,94665,94671,94736,94738,94757,94759,94777,94780,94784,94790,94792,94825,94827,94840,94850,94853,94914,94916,94937,94940,94942,94958,94963,94967,94972,94977,95033,95035,95053,95056,95101,95103,95111,95116,95120,95134,95136,95168,95170,95179,95181,95185,95194,95197,95229,95231,95243,95246,95250,95255,95296,95298,95306,95309,95332,95336,95338,95347,95350,95403,95405,95414,95418,95423,95434,95436,95445,95448,95454,95457,95463,95473,95481,95488,95490,95512],[10,94116,2945,94118,2949],{"id":94117},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94119,94120],{},"round()",[20,94122,8493,94123,94125],{},[15,94124,94120],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94127,94128],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[145,94130,94131,94137],{},[148,94132,94133,94136],{},[15,94134,94135],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[148,94138,94139,94142],{},[15,94140,94141],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94144,94145],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[131,94147,1372],{"id":1371},[35,94149,94151],{"className":37,"code":94150,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94152,94153,94169],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94154,94155,94157,94159,94162,94164,94167],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94156,100],{"class":99},[44,94158,103],{"class":58},[44,94160,94161],{"class":99},"round",[44,94163,103],{"class":58},[44,94165,94166],{"class":62},"3.14159",[44,94168,993],{"class":58},[44,94170,94171,94173,94175,94177,94179,94181,94183,94185],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94172,100],{"class":99},[44,94174,103],{"class":58},[44,94176,94161],{"class":99},[44,94178,103],{"class":58},[44,94180,94166],{"class":62},[44,94182,66],{"class":58},[44,94184,69],{"class":62},[44,94186,993],{"class":58},[20,94188,111],{},[35,94190,94192],{"className":37,"code":94191,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94193,94194,94198],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94195,94196],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94197,45976],{"class":62},[44,94199,94200],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94201,39533],{"class":62},[20,94203,1462,94204,94206,94207,94209],{},[15,94205,94135],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94208,94141],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[131,94211,134,94213,137],{"id":94212},"what-round-does",[15,94214,94120],{},[145,94216,94217,94222,94225,94228],{},[148,94218,94219,94221],{},[15,94220,94120],{}," is a built-in Python function",[148,94223,94224],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[148,94226,94227],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[148,94229,94230],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94232,94233],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[131,94235,175],{"id":174},[20,94237,1530],{},[35,94239,94241],{"className":37,"code":94240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94242,94243],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94244,94245,94247,94249,94251,94254,94257],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94246,94161],{"class":99},[44,94248,103],{"class":58},[44,94250,1610],{"class":89},[44,94252,94253],{"class":58},"[,",[44,94255,94256],{"class":89}," ndigits",[44,94258,3258],{"class":58},[145,94260,94261,94266,94271],{},[148,94262,94263,94265],{},[15,94264,1610],{}," is the value to round",[148,94267,94268,19387],{},[15,94269,94270],{},"ndigits",[148,94272,94273,94275],{},[15,94274,94270],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94277,94278],{},"Basic examples:",[35,94280,94282],{"className":37,"code":94281,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94283,94284,94299,94317],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94285,94286,94288,94290,94292,94294,94297],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94287,100],{"class":99},[44,94289,103],{"class":58},[44,94291,94161],{"class":99},[44,94293,103],{"class":58},[44,94295,94296],{"class":62},"7.8",[44,94298,993],{"class":58},[44,94300,94301,94303,94305,94307,94309,94311,94313,94315],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94302,100],{"class":99},[44,94304,103],{"class":58},[44,94306,94161],{"class":99},[44,94308,103],{"class":58},[44,94310,94296],{"class":62},[44,94312,66],{"class":58},[44,94314,4867],{"class":62},[44,94316,993],{"class":58},[44,94318,94319,94321,94323,94325,94327,94330,94332,94334,94336],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,94320,100],{"class":99},[44,94322,103],{"class":58},[44,94324,94161],{"class":99},[44,94326,103],{"class":58},[44,94328,94329],{"class":62},"1234",[44,94331,66],{"class":58},[44,94333,1593],{"class":54},[44,94335,1426],{"class":62},[44,94337,993],{"class":58},[20,94339,111],{},[35,94341,94343],{"className":37,"code":94342,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94344,94345,94349,94354],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94346,94347],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94348,1752],{"class":62},[44,94350,94351],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94352,94353],{"class":62},"7.8\n",[44,94355,94356],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,94357,94358],{"class":62},"1200\n",[20,94360,94361,94362,86],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[167,94363,1790],{"href":1789},[131,94365,350,94367,94369],{"id":94366},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94368,94120],{}," with one argument",[20,94371,94372],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[35,94374,94376],{"className":37,"code":94375,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94377,94378,94392],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94379,94380,94382,94384,94386,94388,94390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94381,100],{"class":99},[44,94383,103],{"class":58},[44,94385,94161],{"class":99},[44,94387,103],{"class":58},[44,94389,1733],{"class":62},[44,94391,993],{"class":58},[44,94393,94394,94396,94398,94400,94402,94405],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94395,100],{"class":99},[44,94397,103],{"class":58},[44,94399,94161],{"class":99},[44,94401,103],{"class":58},[44,94403,94404],{"class":62},"4.8",[44,94406,993],{"class":58},[20,94408,111],{},[35,94410,94412],{"className":37,"code":94411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4\n5\n",[15,94413,94414,94418],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94415,94416],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94417,48010],{"class":62},[44,94419,94420],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94421,2318],{"class":62},[20,94423,94424],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[35,94426,94428],{"className":37,"code":94427,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94429,94430,94446,94456],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94431,94432,94434,94436,94439,94441,94444],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94433,644],{"class":50},[44,94435,55],{"class":54},[44,94437,94438],{"class":99}," round",[44,94440,103],{"class":58},[44,94442,94443],{"class":62},"10.2",[44,94445,108],{"class":58},[44,94447,94448,94450,94452,94454],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94449,100],{"class":99},[44,94451,103],{"class":58},[44,94453,668],{"class":89},[44,94455,108],{"class":58},[44,94457,94458,94460,94462,94464,94466,94468],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,94459,100],{"class":99},[44,94461,103],{"class":58},[44,94463,985],{"class":121},[44,94465,103],{"class":58},[44,94467,668],{"class":89},[44,94469,993],{"class":58},[20,94471,111],{},[35,94473,94475],{"className":37,"code":94474,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,94476,94477,94481],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94478,94479],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94480,1747],{"class":62},[44,94482,94483,94485,94487,94489,94491,94493],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94484,1005],{"class":54},[44,94486,1009],{"class":1008},[44,94488,1012],{"class":235},[44,94490,1558],{"class":239},[44,94492,1018],{"class":235},[44,94494,1021],{"class":54},[20,94496,94497,94498,86],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[167,94499,2945,94500,2878],{"href":2245},[15,94501,2248],{},[131,94503,350,94505,94507],{"id":94504},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,94506,94120],{}," with decimal places",[20,94509,94510],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[35,94512,94514],{"className":37,"code":94513,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,94515,94516,94534],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94517,94518,94520,94522,94524,94526,94528,94530,94532],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94519,100],{"class":99},[44,94521,103],{"class":58},[44,94523,94161],{"class":99},[44,94525,103],{"class":58},[44,94527,94166],{"class":62},[44,94529,66],{"class":58},[44,94531,69],{"class":62},[44,94533,993],{"class":58},[44,94535,94536,94538,94540,94542,94544,94546,94548,94550],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94537,100],{"class":99},[44,94539,103],{"class":58},[44,94541,94161],{"class":99},[44,94543,103],{"class":58},[44,94545,94166],{"class":62},[44,94547,66],{"class":58},[44,94549,74],{"class":62},[44,94551,993],{"class":58},[20,94553,111],{},[35,94555,94557],{"className":37,"code":94556,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,94558,94559,94563],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94560,94561],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94562,39533],{"class":62},[44,94564,94565],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94566,94567],{"class":62},"3.142\n",[20,94569,94570],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[35,94572,94574],{"className":37,"code":94573,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,94575,94576,94585,94604,94608,94618],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94577,94578,94580,94582],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94579,39743],{"class":50},[44,94581,55],{"class":54},[44,94583,94584],{"class":62}," 19.9876\n",[44,94586,94587,94590,94592,94594,94596,94598,94600,94602],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94588,94589],{"class":50},"rounded_price ",[44,94591,55],{"class":54},[44,94593,94438],{"class":99},[44,94595,103],{"class":58},[44,94597,24498],{"class":89},[44,94599,66],{"class":58},[44,94601,69],{"class":62},[44,94603,108],{"class":58},[44,94605,94606],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,94607,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,94609,94610,94612,94614,94616],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,94611,100],{"class":99},[44,94613,103],{"class":58},[44,94615,24498],{"class":89},[44,94617,108],{"class":58},[44,94619,94620,94622,94624,94627],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,94621,100],{"class":99},[44,94623,103],{"class":58},[44,94625,94626],{"class":89},"rounded_price",[44,94628,108],{"class":58},[20,94630,111],{},[35,94632,94634],{"className":37,"code":94633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,94635,94636,94641],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94637,94638],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94639,94640],{"class":62},"19.9876\n",[44,94642,94643],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94644,94645],{"class":62},"19.99\n",[20,94647,94648,94649,94652,94653,945,94655,86],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,94650,94651],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[167,94654,40248],{"href":40247},[167,94656,2945,94657,2878],{"href":2251},[15,94658,2254],{},[131,94660,94662,94663],{"id":94661},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,94664,94270],{},[20,94666,94667,94668,94670],{},"A negative ",[15,94669,94270],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[35,94672,94674],{"className":37,"code":94673,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,94675,94676,94696,94716],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94677,94678,94680,94682,94684,94686,94688,94690,94692,94694],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94679,100],{"class":99},[44,94681,103],{"class":58},[44,94683,94161],{"class":99},[44,94685,103],{"class":58},[44,94687,94329],{"class":62},[44,94689,66],{"class":58},[44,94691,1593],{"class":54},[44,94693,63],{"class":62},[44,94695,993],{"class":58},[44,94697,94698,94700,94702,94704,94706,94708,94710,94712,94714],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94699,100],{"class":99},[44,94701,103],{"class":58},[44,94703,94161],{"class":99},[44,94705,103],{"class":58},[44,94707,94329],{"class":62},[44,94709,66],{"class":58},[44,94711,1593],{"class":54},[44,94713,1426],{"class":62},[44,94715,993],{"class":58},[44,94717,94718,94720,94722,94724,94726,94728,94730,94732,94734],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,94719,100],{"class":99},[44,94721,103],{"class":58},[44,94723,94161],{"class":99},[44,94725,103],{"class":58},[44,94727,94329],{"class":62},[44,94729,66],{"class":58},[44,94731,1593],{"class":54},[44,94733,1432],{"class":62},[44,94735,993],{"class":58},[20,94737,111],{},[35,94739,94741],{"className":37,"code":94740,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,94742,94743,94748,94752],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94744,94745],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94746,94747],{"class":62},"1230\n",[44,94749,94750],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94751,94358],{"class":62},[44,94753,94754],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,94755,94756],{"class":62},"1000\n",[20,94758,64946],{},[145,94760,94761,94766,94772],{},[148,94762,94763,94765],{},[15,94764,65216],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[148,94767,94768,94771],{},[15,94769,94770],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[148,94773,94774,94776],{},[15,94775,47030],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,94778,94779],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[131,94781,94783],{"id":94782},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,94785,94786,94787,86],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,94788,94789],{},".5",[20,94791,4841],{},[35,94793,94795],{"className":37,"code":94794,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,94796,94797,94811],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94798,94799,94801,94803,94805,94807,94809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94800,100],{"class":99},[44,94802,103],{"class":58},[44,94804,94161],{"class":99},[44,94806,103],{"class":58},[44,94808,40515],{"class":62},[44,94810,993],{"class":58},[44,94812,94813,94815,94817,94819,94821,94823],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94814,100],{"class":99},[44,94816,103],{"class":58},[44,94818,94161],{"class":99},[44,94820,103],{"class":58},[44,94822,1409],{"class":62},[44,94824,993],{"class":58},[20,94826,111],{},[35,94828,94830],{"className":37,"code":94829,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n4\n",[15,94831,94832,94836],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94833,94834],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94835,16406],{"class":62},[44,94837,94838],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94839,48010],{"class":62},[20,94841,94842,94843,94846,94847,94849],{},"Python uses ",[30,94844,94845],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,94848,94789],{}," situations.",[20,94851,94852],{},"More examples:",[35,94854,94856],{"className":37,"code":94855,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,94857,94858,94872,94886,94900],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94859,94860,94862,94864,94866,94868,94870],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94861,100],{"class":99},[44,94863,103],{"class":58},[44,94865,94161],{"class":99},[44,94867,103],{"class":58},[44,94869,40528],{"class":62},[44,94871,993],{"class":58},[44,94873,94874,94876,94878,94880,94882,94884],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94875,100],{"class":99},[44,94877,103],{"class":58},[44,94879,94161],{"class":99},[44,94881,103],{"class":58},[44,94883,40515],{"class":62},[44,94885,993],{"class":58},[44,94887,94888,94890,94892,94894,94896,94898],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,94889,100],{"class":99},[44,94891,103],{"class":58},[44,94893,94161],{"class":99},[44,94895,103],{"class":58},[44,94897,1409],{"class":62},[44,94899,993],{"class":58},[44,94901,94902,94904,94906,94908,94910,94912],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,94903,100],{"class":99},[44,94905,103],{"class":58},[44,94907,94161],{"class":99},[44,94909,103],{"class":58},[44,94911,40480],{"class":62},[44,94913,993],{"class":58},[20,94915,111],{},[35,94917,94919],{"className":37,"code":94918,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,94920,94921,94925,94929,94933],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94922,94923],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94924,16406],{"class":62},[44,94926,94927],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94928,16406],{"class":62},[44,94930,94931],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,94932,48010],{"class":62},[44,94934,94935],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,94936,48010],{"class":62},[20,94938,94939],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,94941,10081],{},[145,94943,94944,94951],{},[148,94945,94946,1504,94949],{},[15,94947,94948],{},"round(2.5)",[15,94950,1426],{},[148,94952,94953,1504,94956],{},[15,94954,94955],{},"round(3.5)",[15,94957,1875],{},[20,94959,2541,94960,94962],{},[15,94961,94789],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[131,94964,94966],{"id":94965},"return-values","Return values",[20,94968,94969,94971],{},[15,94970,94120],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,94973,40262,94974,94976],{},[30,94975,604],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[35,94978,94980],{"className":37,"code":94979,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,94981,94982,94991,94995,95005,95023],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94983,94984,94986,94988],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94985,1817],{"class":50},[44,94987,55],{"class":54},[44,94989,94990],{"class":62}," 3.14159\n",[44,94992,94993],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94994,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,94996,94997,94999,95001,95003],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,94998,100],{"class":99},[44,95000,103],{"class":58},[44,95002,1843],{"class":89},[44,95004,108],{"class":58},[44,95006,95007,95009,95011,95013,95015,95017,95019,95021],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,95008,100],{"class":99},[44,95010,103],{"class":58},[44,95012,94161],{"class":99},[44,95014,103],{"class":58},[44,95016,1843],{"class":89},[44,95018,66],{"class":58},[44,95020,69],{"class":62},[44,95022,993],{"class":58},[44,95024,95025,95027,95029,95031],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,95026,100],{"class":99},[44,95028,103],{"class":58},[44,95030,1843],{"class":89},[44,95032,108],{"class":58},[20,95034,111],{},[35,95036,95038],{"className":37,"code":95037,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95039,95040,95045,95049],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95041,95042],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95043,95044],{"class":62},"3.14159\n",[44,95046,95047],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,95048,39533],{"class":62},[44,95050,95051],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,95052,95044],{"class":62},[20,95054,95055],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[35,95057,95059],{"className":37,"code":95058,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95060,95061,95069,95087,95091],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95062,95063,95065,95067],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95064,1817],{"class":50},[44,95066,55],{"class":54},[44,95068,94990],{"class":62},[44,95070,95071,95073,95075,95077,95079,95081,95083,95085],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,95072,1817],{"class":50},[44,95074,55],{"class":54},[44,95076,94438],{"class":99},[44,95078,103],{"class":58},[44,95080,1843],{"class":89},[44,95082,66],{"class":58},[44,95084,69],{"class":62},[44,95086,108],{"class":58},[44,95088,95089],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,95090,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,95092,95093,95095,95097,95099],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,95094,100],{"class":99},[44,95096,103],{"class":58},[44,95098,1843],{"class":89},[44,95100,108],{"class":58},[20,95102,111],{},[35,95104,95105],{"className":37,"code":39533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95106,95107],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95108,95109],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95110,39533],{"class":62},[131,95112,4331,95114],{"id":95113},"when-to-use-round",[15,95115,94120],{},[20,95117,1462,95118,5688],{},[15,95119,94120],{},[145,95121,95122,95125,95128,95131],{},[148,95123,95124],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[148,95126,95127],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[148,95129,95130],{},"Round values before reporting results",[148,95132,95133],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95135,4841],{},[35,95137,95139],{"className":37,"code":95138,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95140,95141,95150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95142,95143,95145,95147],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95144,1965],{"class":50},[44,95146,55],{"class":54},[44,95148,95149],{"class":62}," 12.67891\n",[44,95151,95152,95154,95156,95158,95160,95162,95164,95166],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,95153,100],{"class":99},[44,95155,103],{"class":58},[44,95157,94161],{"class":99},[44,95159,103],{"class":58},[44,95161,1988],{"class":89},[44,95163,66],{"class":58},[44,95165,69],{"class":62},[44,95167,993],{"class":58},[20,95169,111],{},[35,95171,95173],{"className":37,"code":95172,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"12.68\n",[15,95174,95175],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95176,95177],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95178,95172],{"class":62},[131,95180,2200],{"id":2199},[20,95182,22442,95183,86],{},[15,95184,94120],{},[347,95186,923,95188,95190,95191,95193],{"id":95187},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95189,94120],{}," to always round ",[15,95192,94789],{}," upward",[20,95195,95196],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[35,95198,95199],{"className":37,"code":94794,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95200,95201,95215],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95202,95203,95205,95207,95209,95211,95213],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95204,100],{"class":99},[44,95206,103],{"class":58},[44,95208,94161],{"class":99},[44,95210,103],{"class":58},[44,95212,40515],{"class":62},[44,95214,993],{"class":58},[44,95216,95217,95219,95221,95223,95225,95227],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,95218,100],{"class":99},[44,95220,103],{"class":58},[44,95222,94161],{"class":99},[44,95224,103],{"class":58},[44,95226,1409],{"class":62},[44,95228,993],{"class":58},[20,95230,111],{},[35,95232,95233],{"className":37,"code":94829,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95234,95235,95239],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95236,95237],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95238,16406],{"class":62},[44,95240,95241],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,95242,48010],{"class":62},[20,95244,95245],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[347,95247,95249],{"id":95248},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95251,95252,95254],{},[15,95253,94120],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[35,95256,95258],{"className":37,"code":95257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95259,95260,95268,95282,95286],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95261,95262,95264,95266],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95263,1817],{"class":50},[44,95265,55],{"class":54},[44,95267,94990],{"class":62},[44,95269,95270,95272,95274,95276,95278,95280],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,95271,94161],{"class":99},[44,95273,103],{"class":58},[44,95275,1843],{"class":89},[44,95277,66],{"class":58},[44,95279,69],{"class":62},[44,95281,108],{"class":58},[44,95283,95284],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,95285,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,95287,95288,95290,95292,95294],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,95289,100],{"class":99},[44,95291,103],{"class":58},[44,95293,1843],{"class":89},[44,95295,108],{"class":58},[20,95297,111],{},[35,95299,95300],{"className":37,"code":95044,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95301,95302],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95303,95304],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95305,95044],{"class":62},[20,95307,95308],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[35,95310,95312],{"className":37,"code":95311,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95313,95314],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95315,95316,95318,95320,95322,95324,95326,95328,95330],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95317,1817],{"class":50},[44,95319,55],{"class":54},[44,95321,94438],{"class":99},[44,95323,103],{"class":58},[44,95325,1843],{"class":89},[44,95327,66],{"class":58},[44,95329,69],{"class":62},[44,95331,108],{"class":58},[347,95333,95335],{"id":95334},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95337,15752],{},[35,95339,95341],{"className":37,"code":95340,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95342,95343],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95344,95345],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95346,95340],{"class":3035},[20,95348,95349],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[35,95351,95353],{"className":37,"code":95352,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95354,95355,95367,95381,95385],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95356,95357,95359,95361,95363,95365],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95358,34039],{"class":50},[44,95360,55],{"class":54},[44,95362,247],{"class":235},[44,95364,39499],{"class":239},[44,95366,2727],{"class":235},[44,95368,95369,95371,95373,95375,95377,95379],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,95370,1588],{"class":50},[44,95372,55],{"class":54},[44,95374,39611],{"class":121},[44,95376,103],{"class":58},[44,95378,34060],{"class":89},[44,95380,108],{"class":58},[44,95382,95383],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,95384,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,95386,95387,95389,95391,95393,95395,95397,95399,95401],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,95388,100],{"class":99},[44,95390,103],{"class":58},[44,95392,94161],{"class":99},[44,95394,103],{"class":58},[44,95396,1610],{"class":89},[44,95398,66],{"class":58},[44,95400,4867],{"class":62},[44,95402,993],{"class":58},[20,95404,111],{},[35,95406,95408],{"className":37,"code":95407,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.1\n",[15,95409,95410],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95411,95412],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95413,95407],{"class":62},[347,95415,95417],{"id":95416},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95419,95420,95422],{},[15,95421,94120],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95424,95425,95426,945,95430,86],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[167,95427,95428],{"href":2251},[15,95429,2254],{},[167,95431,95432],{"href":2245},[15,95433,2248],{},[131,95435,1196],{"id":1195},[347,95437,1212,95439,95441,95442,95444],{"id":95438},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95440,94120],{}," always round ",[15,95443,39570],{}," up?",[20,95446,95447],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[347,95449,1212,95451,95453],{"id":95450},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,95452,94120],{}," change the original number?",[20,95455,95456],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[347,95458,4538,95460,95462],{"id":95459},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,95461,94120],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,95464,95465,95466,95468,95469,945,95471,86],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,95467,94270],{}," value like ",[15,95470,65216],{},[15,95472,94770],{},[347,95474,27677,95476,95478,95479,1239],{"id":95475},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,95477,94120],{}," on a string like ",[15,95480,47454],{},[20,95482,95483,95484,945,95486,86],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,95485,2254],{},[15,95487,2248],{},[131,95489,1251],{"id":1250},[145,95491,95492,95498,95504,95508],{},[148,95493,95494],{},[167,95495,2945,95496,2878],{"href":2251},[15,95497,2254],{},[148,95499,95500],{},[167,95501,2945,95502,2878],{"href":2245},[15,95503,2248],{},[148,95505,95506],{},[167,95507,1790],{"href":1789},[148,95509,95510],{},[167,95511,41538],{"href":40247},[1294,95513,95514],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":95516},[95517,95518,95520,95521,95523,95525,95527,95528,95529,95531,95538,95548],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":94212,"depth":80,"text":95519},"What round() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":94366,"depth":80,"text":95522},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94504,"depth":80,"text":95524},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":94661,"depth":80,"text":95526},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":94782,"depth":80,"text":94783},{"id":94965,"depth":80,"text":94966},{"id":95113,"depth":80,"text":95530},"When to use round()",{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200,"children":95532},[95533,95535,95536,95537],{"id":95187,"depth":96,"text":95534},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95248,"depth":96,"text":95249},{"id":95334,"depth":96,"text":95335},{"id":95416,"depth":96,"text":95417},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":95539},[95540,95542,95544,95546],{"id":95438,"depth":96,"text":95541},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95450,"depth":96,"text":95543},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95459,"depth":96,"text":95545},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95475,"depth":96,"text":95547},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94112,"description":95549},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95556,"title":95557,"body":95558,"description":96734,"extension":1331,"meta":96735,"navigation":268,"path":96736,"seo":96737,"stem":96738,"__hash__":96739},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95559,"toc":96708},[95560,95565,95571,95574,95576,95625,95629,95654,95659,95664,95669,95682,95690,95692,95711,95713,95729,95732,95743,95745,95747,95808,95812,95845,95852,95859,95862,95895,95898,95902,95905,95958,95962,95983,95989,95996,96003,96064,96072,96149,96153,96165,96173,96175,96181,96187,96191,96244,96247,96304,96308,96316,96319,96323,96326,96336,96338,96435,96438,96449,96452,96495,96499,96523,96526,96532,96534,96538,96563,96565,96632,96641,96643,96649,96654,96658,96661,96665,96672,96676,96681,96683,96699,96705],[10,95561,13,95563,18],{"id":95562},"python-set-add-method",[15,95564,1271],{},[20,95566,95567,95570],{},[15,95568,95569],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,95572,95573],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[131,95575,1372],{"id":1371},[35,95577,95579],{"className":37,"code":95578,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95580,95581,95601,95615],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95582,95583,95585,95587,95589,95591,95593,95595,95597,95599],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95584,51],{"class":50},[44,95586,55],{"class":54},[44,95588,59],{"class":58},[44,95590,63],{"class":62},[44,95592,66],{"class":58},[44,95594,69],{"class":62},[44,95596,66],{"class":58},[44,95598,74],{"class":62},[44,95600,77],{"class":58},[44,95602,95603,95605,95607,95609,95611,95613],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,95604,83],{"class":50},[44,95606,86],{"class":58},[44,95608,81467],{"class":89},[44,95610,103],{"class":58},[44,95612,1875],{"class":62},[44,95614,108],{"class":58},[44,95616,95617,95619,95621,95623],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,95618,100],{"class":99},[44,95620,103],{"class":58},[44,95622,83],{"class":89},[44,95624,108],{"class":58},[20,95626,95627],{},[30,95628,111],{},[35,95630,95632],{"className":37,"code":95631,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,95633,95634],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95635,95636,95638,95640,95642,95644,95646,95648,95650,95652],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95637,550],{"class":58},[44,95639,63],{"class":62},[44,95641,66],{"class":58},[44,95643,69],{"class":62},[44,95645,66],{"class":58},[44,95647,74],{"class":62},[44,95649,66],{"class":58},[44,95651,1827],{"class":62},[44,95653,77],{"class":58},[20,95655,1462,95656,95658],{},[15,95657,1271],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[131,95660,134,95662,137],{"id":95661},"what-setadd-does",[15,95663,95569],{},[20,95665,95666,95668],{},[15,95667,95569],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[145,95670,95671,95674,95676,95679],{},[148,95672,95673],{},"Adds one item to a set",[148,95675,153],{},[148,95677,95678],{},"Does not return a new set",[148,95680,95681],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,95683,165,95684,945,95687,86],{},[167,95685,170],{"href":95686},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained",[167,95688,592],{"href":95689},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set",[131,95691,175],{"id":174},[35,95693,95695],{"className":37,"code":95694,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,95696,95697],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95698,95699,95701,95703,95705,95707,95709],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95700,188],{"class":50},[44,95702,86],{"class":58},[44,95704,81467],{"class":89},[44,95706,103],{"class":58},[44,95708,22658],{"class":89},[44,95710,108],{"class":58},[20,95712,10822],{},[145,95714,95715,95720,95723],{},[148,95716,55268,95717,95719],{},[15,95718,1271],{}," on an existing set",[148,95721,95722],{},"Pass exactly one item",[148,95724,95725,95726],{},"The item must be ",[30,95727,95728],{},"hashable",[20,95730,95731],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[145,95733,95734,95736,95738,95741],{},[148,95735,55821],{},[148,95737,55824],{},[148,95739,95740],{},"Tuples",[148,95742,39951],{},[131,95744,215],{"id":214},[20,95746,218],{},[35,95748,95750],{"className":37,"code":95749,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,95751,95752,95776,95794,95798],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95753,95754,95756,95758,95760,95762,95764,95766,95768,95770,95772,95774],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95755,228],{"class":50},[44,95757,55],{"class":54},[44,95759,59],{"class":58},[44,95761,236],{"class":235},[44,95763,240],{"class":239},[44,95765,236],{"class":235},[44,95767,66],{"class":58},[44,95769,247],{"class":235},[44,95771,259],{"class":239},[44,95773,236],{"class":235},[44,95775,77],{"class":58},[44,95777,95778,95780,95782,95784,95786,95788,95790,95792],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,95779,274],{"class":50},[44,95781,86],{"class":58},[44,95783,81467],{"class":89},[44,95785,103],{"class":58},[44,95787,236],{"class":235},[44,95789,250],{"class":239},[44,95791,236],{"class":235},[44,95793,108],{"class":58},[44,95795,95796],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,95797,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,95799,95800,95802,95804,95806],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,95801,100],{"class":99},[44,95803,103],{"class":58},[44,95805,274],{"class":89},[44,95807,108],{"class":58},[20,95809,95810],{},[30,95811,29378],{},[35,95813,95815],{"className":37,"code":95814,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,95816,95817],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95818,95819,95821,95823,95825,95827,95829,95831,95833,95835,95837,95839,95841,95843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95820,550],{"class":58},[44,95822,1018],{"class":235},[44,95824,240],{"class":239},[44,95826,1018],{"class":235},[44,95828,66],{"class":58},[44,95830,1012],{"class":235},[44,95832,250],{"class":239},[44,95834,1018],{"class":235},[44,95836,66],{"class":58},[44,95838,1012],{"class":235},[44,95840,259],{"class":239},[44,95842,1018],{"class":235},[44,95844,77],{"class":58},[20,95846,95847,95848,95851],{},"The new value ",[15,95849,95850],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,95853,95854,95855,95858],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[30,95856,95857],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,95860,95861],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[35,95863,95865],{"className":37,"code":95864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,95866,95867],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95868,95869,95871,95873,95875,95877,95879,95881,95883,95885,95887,95889,95891,95893],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95870,550],{"class":58},[44,95872,1018],{"class":235},[44,95874,259],{"class":239},[44,95876,1018],{"class":235},[44,95878,66],{"class":58},[44,95880,1012],{"class":235},[44,95882,240],{"class":239},[44,95884,1018],{"class":235},[44,95886,66],{"class":58},[44,95888,1012],{"class":235},[44,95890,250],{"class":239},[44,95892,1018],{"class":235},[44,95894,77],{"class":58},[20,95896,95897],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[131,95899,95901],{"id":95900},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,95903,95904],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[35,95906,95908],{"className":37,"code":95907,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95909,95910,95930,95944,95948],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95911,95912,95914,95916,95918,95920,95922,95924,95926,95928],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95913,51],{"class":50},[44,95915,55],{"class":54},[44,95917,59],{"class":58},[44,95919,63],{"class":62},[44,95921,66],{"class":58},[44,95923,69],{"class":62},[44,95925,66],{"class":58},[44,95927,74],{"class":62},[44,95929,77],{"class":58},[44,95931,95932,95934,95936,95938,95940,95942],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,95933,83],{"class":50},[44,95935,86],{"class":58},[44,95937,81467],{"class":89},[44,95939,103],{"class":58},[44,95941,1426],{"class":62},[44,95943,108],{"class":58},[44,95945,95946],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,95947,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,95949,95950,95952,95954,95956],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,95951,100],{"class":99},[44,95953,103],{"class":58},[44,95955,83],{"class":89},[44,95957,108],{"class":58},[20,95959,95960],{},[30,95961,111],{},[35,95963,95965],{"className":37,"code":95964,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,95966,95967],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95968,95969,95971,95973,95975,95977,95979,95981],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95970,550],{"class":58},[44,95972,63],{"class":62},[44,95974,66],{"class":58},[44,95976,69],{"class":62},[44,95978,66],{"class":58},[44,95980,74],{"class":62},[44,95982,77],{"class":58},[20,95984,95985,95986,95988],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,95987,1426],{}," was already present.",[131,95990,95992,9953,95994],{"id":95991},"add-vs-update",[15,95993,1271],{},[15,95995,1292],{},[20,95997,1462,95998,96000,96001,86],{},[15,95999,1271],{}," when you want to add ",[30,96002,52018],{},[35,96004,96006],{"className":37,"code":96005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96007,96008,96032,96050,96054],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96009,96010,96012,96014,96016,96018,96020,96022,96024,96026,96028,96030],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96011,35444],{"class":50},[44,96013,55],{"class":54},[44,96015,59],{"class":58},[44,96017,236],{"class":235},[44,96019,167],{"class":239},[44,96021,236],{"class":235},[44,96023,66],{"class":58},[44,96025,247],{"class":235},[44,96027,1164],{"class":239},[44,96029,236],{"class":235},[44,96031,77],{"class":58},[44,96033,96034,96036,96038,96040,96042,96044,96046,96048],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,96035,35497],{"class":50},[44,96037,86],{"class":58},[44,96039,81467],{"class":89},[44,96041,103],{"class":58},[44,96043,236],{"class":235},[44,96045,9109],{"class":239},[44,96047,236],{"class":235},[44,96049,108],{"class":58},[44,96051,96052],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,96053,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,96055,96056,96058,96060,96062],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,96057,100],{"class":99},[44,96059,103],{"class":58},[44,96061,35497],{"class":89},[44,96063,108],{"class":58},[20,96065,1462,96066,96000,96068,96071],{},[15,96067,1292],{},[30,96069,96070],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[35,96073,96075],{"className":37,"code":96074,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96076,96077,96101,96135,96139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96078,96079,96081,96083,96085,96087,96089,96091,96093,96095,96097,96099],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96080,35444],{"class":50},[44,96082,55],{"class":54},[44,96084,59],{"class":58},[44,96086,236],{"class":235},[44,96088,167],{"class":239},[44,96090,236],{"class":235},[44,96092,66],{"class":58},[44,96094,247],{"class":235},[44,96096,1164],{"class":239},[44,96098,236],{"class":235},[44,96100,77],{"class":58},[44,96102,96103,96105,96107,96109,96111,96113,96115,96117,96119,96121,96123,96125,96127,96129,96131,96133],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,96104,35497],{"class":50},[44,96106,86],{"class":58},[44,96108,29813],{"class":89},[44,96110,2357],{"class":58},[44,96112,236],{"class":235},[44,96114,9109],{"class":239},[44,96116,236],{"class":235},[44,96118,66],{"class":58},[44,96120,247],{"class":235},[44,96122,18115],{"class":239},[44,96124,236],{"class":235},[44,96126,66],{"class":58},[44,96128,247],{"class":235},[44,96130,59808],{"class":239},[44,96132,236],{"class":235},[44,96134,3258],{"class":58},[44,96136,96137],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,96138,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,96140,96141,96143,96145,96147],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,96142,100],{"class":99},[44,96144,103],{"class":58},[44,96146,35497],{"class":89},[44,96148,108],{"class":58},[347,96150,96152],{"id":96151},"key-difference","Key difference",[145,96154,96155,96160],{},[148,96156,96157,96159],{},[15,96158,1271],{}," adds one item",[148,96161,96162,96164],{},[15,96163,1292],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96166,96167,96168,86],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[167,96169,1268,96171,1272],{"href":96170},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method",[15,96172,1292],{},[131,96174,596],{"id":595},[20,96176,96177,772,96179,86],{},[15,96178,95569],{},[15,96180,159],{},[20,96182,96183,96184,96186],{},"That means you should ",[30,96185,604],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[347,96188,96190],{"id":96189},"correct","Correct",[35,96192,96194],{"className":37,"code":96193,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96195,96196,96216,96230,96234],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96197,96198,96200,96202,96204,96206,96208,96210,96212,96214],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96199,808],{"class":50},[44,96201,55],{"class":54},[44,96203,59],{"class":58},[44,96205,63],{"class":62},[44,96207,66],{"class":58},[44,96209,69],{"class":62},[44,96211,66],{"class":58},[44,96213,74],{"class":62},[44,96215,77],{"class":58},[44,96217,96218,96220,96222,96224,96226,96228],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,96219,188],{"class":50},[44,96221,86],{"class":58},[44,96223,81467],{"class":89},[44,96225,103],{"class":58},[44,96227,1875],{"class":62},[44,96229,108],{"class":58},[44,96231,96232],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,96233,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,96235,96236,96238,96240,96242],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,96237,100],{"class":99},[44,96239,103],{"class":58},[44,96241,188],{"class":89},[44,96243,108],{"class":58},[347,96245,96246],{"id":61130},"Wrong",[35,96248,96250],{"className":37,"code":96249,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96251,96252,96272,96290,96294],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96253,96254,96256,96258,96260,96262,96264,96266,96268,96270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96255,808],{"class":50},[44,96257,55],{"class":54},[44,96259,59],{"class":58},[44,96261,63],{"class":62},[44,96263,66],{"class":58},[44,96265,69],{"class":62},[44,96267,66],{"class":58},[44,96269,74],{"class":62},[44,96271,77],{"class":58},[44,96273,96274,96276,96278,96280,96282,96284,96286,96288],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,96275,808],{"class":50},[44,96277,55],{"class":54},[44,96279,833],{"class":50},[44,96281,86],{"class":58},[44,96283,81467],{"class":89},[44,96285,103],{"class":58},[44,96287,1875],{"class":62},[44,96289,108],{"class":58},[44,96291,96292],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,96293,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,96295,96296,96298,96300,96302],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,96297,100],{"class":99},[44,96299,103],{"class":58},[44,96301,188],{"class":89},[44,96303,108],{"class":58},[20,96305,96306],{},[30,96307,111],{},[35,96309,96310],{"className":37,"code":693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,96311,96312],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96313,96314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96315,693],{"class":692},[20,96317,96318],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[131,96320,96322],{"id":96321},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96324,96325],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[145,96327,96328,96330,96332,96334],{},[148,96329,55821],{},[148,96331,55824],{},[148,96333,95740],{},[148,96335,39951],{},[20,96337,1578],{},[35,96339,96341],{"className":37,"code":96340,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96342,96343,96353,96357,96371,96389,96407,96421,96425],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96344,96345,96347,96349,96351],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96346,362],{"class":50},[44,96348,55],{"class":54},[44,96350,506],{"class":121},[44,96352,93],{"class":58},[44,96354,96355],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,96356,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,96358,96359,96361,96363,96365,96367,96369],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,96360,397],{"class":50},[44,96362,86],{"class":58},[44,96364,81467],{"class":89},[44,96366,103],{"class":58},[44,96368,1701],{"class":62},[44,96370,108],{"class":58},[44,96372,96373,96375,96377,96379,96381,96383,96385,96387],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,96374,397],{"class":50},[44,96376,86],{"class":58},[44,96378,81467],{"class":89},[44,96380,103],{"class":58},[44,96382,236],{"class":235},[44,96384,3214],{"class":239},[44,96386,236],{"class":235},[44,96388,108],{"class":58},[44,96390,96391,96393,96395,96397,96399,96401,96403,96405],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,96392,397],{"class":50},[44,96394,86],{"class":58},[44,96396,81467],{"class":89},[44,96398,4880],{"class":58},[44,96400,63],{"class":62},[44,96402,66],{"class":58},[44,96404,69],{"class":62},[44,96406,993],{"class":58},[44,96408,96409,96411,96413,96415,96417,96419],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,96410,397],{"class":50},[44,96412,86],{"class":58},[44,96414,81467],{"class":89},[44,96416,103],{"class":58},[44,96418,2974],{"class":692},[44,96420,108],{"class":58},[44,96422,96423],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,96424,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,96426,96427,96429,96431,96433],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,96428,100],{"class":99},[44,96430,103],{"class":58},[44,96432,397],{"class":89},[44,96434,108],{"class":58},[20,96436,96437],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[145,96439,96440,96443,96446],{},[148,96441,96442],{},"Lists",[148,96444,96445],{},"Dictionaries",[148,96447,96448],{},"Sets",[20,96450,96451],{},"Example that causes an error:",[35,96453,96455],{"className":37,"code":96454,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,96456,96457,96477],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96458,96459,96461,96463,96465,96467,96469,96471,96473,96475],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96460,362],{"class":50},[44,96462,55],{"class":54},[44,96464,59],{"class":58},[44,96466,63],{"class":62},[44,96468,66],{"class":58},[44,96470,69],{"class":62},[44,96472,66],{"class":58},[44,96474,74],{"class":62},[44,96476,77],{"class":58},[44,96478,96479,96481,96483,96485,96487,96489,96491,96493],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,96480,397],{"class":50},[44,96482,86],{"class":58},[44,96484,81467],{"class":89},[44,96486,2357],{"class":58},[44,96488,1875],{"class":62},[44,96490,66],{"class":58},[44,96492,3975],{"class":62},[44,96494,3258],{"class":58},[20,96496,96497],{},[30,96498,29029],{},[35,96500,96502],{"className":37,"code":96501,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,96503,96504],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96505,96506,96508,96510,96513,96515,96517,96519,96521],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96507,2376],{"class":121},[44,96509,2255],{"class":58},[44,96511,96512],{"class":50}," unhashable ",[44,96514,985],{"class":121},[44,96516,2255],{"class":58},[44,96518,1012],{"class":235},[44,96520,7467],{"class":239},[44,96522,29048],{"class":235},[20,96524,96525],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,96527,96528,96529,86],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,96530,96531],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[131,96533,2200],{"id":2199},[20,96535,14087,96536,2255],{},[15,96537,95569],{},[145,96539,96540,96545,96550,96553,96560],{},[148,96541,350,96542,96544],{},[15,96543,1271],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[148,96546,923,96547,96549],{},[15,96548,1271],{}," to return the updated set",[148,96551,96552],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[148,96554,36558,96555,96557,96558],{},[15,96556,95569],{}," with list ",[15,96559,52014],{},[148,96561,96562],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,96564,70868],{},[35,96566,96568],{"className":37,"code":96567,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,96569,96570,96580,96594,96604,96618],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96571,96572,96574,96576,96578],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96573,100],{"class":99},[44,96575,103],{"class":58},[44,96577,188],{"class":89},[44,96579,108],{"class":58},[44,96581,96582,96584,96586,96588,96590,96592],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,96583,100],{"class":99},[44,96585,103],{"class":58},[44,96587,985],{"class":121},[44,96589,103],{"class":58},[44,96591,188],{"class":89},[44,96593,993],{"class":58},[44,96595,96596,96598,96600,96602],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,96597,100],{"class":99},[44,96599,103],{"class":58},[44,96601,1843],{"class":89},[44,96603,108],{"class":58},[44,96605,96606,96608,96610,96612,96614,96616],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,96607,100],{"class":99},[44,96609,103],{"class":58},[44,96611,985],{"class":121},[44,96613,103],{"class":58},[44,96615,1843],{"class":89},[44,96617,993],{"class":58},[44,96619,96620,96622,96624,96626,96628,96630],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,96621,31502],{"class":99},[44,96623,103],{"class":58},[44,96625,122],{"class":121},[44,96627,86],{"class":58},[44,96629,81467],{"class":24098},[44,96631,108],{"class":58},[20,96633,96634,96635,96637,96638,86],{},"Also remember that ",[15,96636,95569],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[167,96639,52411],{"href":96640},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[131,96642,1196],{"id":1195},[347,96644,1212,96646,96648],{"id":96645},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,96647,95569],{}," return a new set?",[20,96650,96651,96652,86],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,96653,159],{},[347,96655,96657],{"id":96656},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,96659,96660],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[347,96662,96664],{"id":96663},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,96666,1462,96667,10459,96670,86],{},[15,96668,96669],{},"set.update()",[15,96671,1271],{},[347,96673,96675],{"id":96674},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,96677,96678,96679,86],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,96680,2376],{},[131,96682,1251],{"id":1250},[145,96684,96685,96689,96693],{},[148,96686,96687],{},[167,96688,170],{"href":95686},[148,96690,96691],{},[167,96692,1262],{"href":95689},[148,96694,96695],{},[167,96696,1268,96697,1272],{"href":96170},[15,96698,1292],{},[20,96700,96701,96702,96704],{},"Once you understand ",[15,96703,1271],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1294,96706,96707],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: 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does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":214,"depth":80,"text":215},{"id":95900,"depth":80,"text":95901},{"id":95991,"depth":80,"text":96717,"children":96718},"add() vs update()",[96719],{"id":96151,"depth":96,"text":96152},{"id":595,"depth":80,"text":596,"children":96721},[96722,96723],{"id":96189,"depth":96,"text":96190},{"id":61130,"depth":96,"text":96246},{"id":96321,"depth":80,"text":96322},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":96727},[96728,96730,96731,96732],{"id":96645,"depth":96,"text":96729},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":96656,"depth":96,"text":96657},{"id":96663,"depth":96,"text":96664},{"id":96674,"depth":96,"text":96675},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner 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Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":97816,"toc":99604},[97817,97820,97823,97826,97828,97931,97935,97982,97988,97990,98009,98013,98016,98018,98032,98041,98045,98048,98083,98087,98107,98110,98114,98117,98178,98182,98207,98214,98220,98225,98227,98239,98243,98292,98296,98320,98327,98331,98372,98376,98397,98401,98434,98438,98479,98482,98486,98491,98530,98534,98559,98564,98570,98607,98611,98634,98638,98640,98643,98646,98723,98727,98764,98767,98771,98777,98780,98790,98839,98845,98851,98878,98881,98903,98905,98936,98939,98943,98947,98986,98990,99053,99056,99089,99093,99118,99120,99123,99129,99132,99159,99162,99180,99184,99188,99191,99234,99237,99241,99244,99247,99277,99280,99284,99287,99302,99307,99311,99314,99403,99405,99408,99498,99501,99519,99521,99525,99535,99539,99547,99551,99554,99558,99561,99565,99568,99570,99598,99601],[10,97818,97814],{"id":97819},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,97821,97822],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,97824,97825],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[131,97827,2979],{"id":2978},[35,97829,97831],{"className":37,"code":97830,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,97832,97833,97853,97887,97897,97901,97911,97921],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97834,97835,97837,97839,97841,97843,97845,97847,97849,97851],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97836,51],{"class":50},[44,97838,55],{"class":54},[44,97840,59],{"class":58},[44,97842,63],{"class":62},[44,97844,66],{"class":58},[44,97846,69],{"class":62},[44,97848,66],{"class":58},[44,97850,74],{"class":62},[44,97852,77],{"class":58},[44,97854,97855,97857,97859,97861,97863,97865,97867,97869,97871,97873,97875,97877,97879,97881,97883,97885],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,97856,3441],{"class":50},[44,97858,55],{"class":54},[44,97860,506],{"class":121},[44,97862,2357],{"class":58},[44,97864,236],{"class":235},[44,97866,3450],{"class":239},[44,97868,236],{"class":235},[44,97870,66],{"class":58},[44,97872,247],{"class":235},[44,97874,3459],{"class":239},[44,97876,236],{"class":235},[44,97878,66],{"class":58},[44,97880,247],{"class":235},[44,97882,3450],{"class":239},[44,97884,236],{"class":235},[44,97886,3258],{"class":58},[44,97888,97889,97891,97893,97895],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,97890,1039],{"class":50},[44,97892,55],{"class":54},[44,97894,506],{"class":121},[44,97896,93],{"class":58},[44,97898,97899],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,97900,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,97902,97903,97905,97907,97909],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,97904,100],{"class":99},[44,97906,103],{"class":58},[44,97908,83],{"class":89},[44,97910,108],{"class":58},[44,97912,97913,97915,97917,97919],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,97914,100],{"class":99},[44,97916,103],{"class":58},[44,97918,3485],{"class":89},[44,97920,108],{"class":58},[44,97922,97923,97925,97927,97929],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,97924,100],{"class":99},[44,97926,103],{"class":58},[44,97928,1058],{"class":89},[44,97930,108],{"class":58},[20,97932,97933],{},[30,97934,111],{},[35,97936,97938],{"className":37,"code":97937,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,97939,97940,97956,97976],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97941,97942,97944,97946,97948,97950,97952,97954],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97943,550],{"class":58},[44,97945,63],{"class":62},[44,97947,66],{"class":58},[44,97949,69],{"class":62},[44,97951,66],{"class":58},[44,97953,74],{"class":62},[44,97955,77],{"class":58},[44,97957,97958,97960,97962,97964,97966,97968,97970,97972,97974],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,97959,550],{"class":58},[44,97961,1018],{"class":235},[44,97963,3459],{"class":239},[44,97965,1018],{"class":235},[44,97967,66],{"class":58},[44,97969,1012],{"class":235},[44,97971,3450],{"class":239},[44,97973,1018],{"class":235},[44,97975,77],{"class":58},[44,97977,97978,97980],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,97979,122],{"class":121},[44,97981,93],{"class":58},[20,97983,97984,97985,97987],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,97986,330],{}," for an empty set.",[131,97989,14516],{"id":14515},[145,97991,97992,97995,98000,98003,98006],{},[148,97993,97994],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[148,97996,97997,97998],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,97999,330],{},[148,98001,98002],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[148,98004,98005],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[148,98007,98008],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[131,98010,98012],{"id":98011},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98014,98015],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98017,29889],{},[145,98019,98020,98023,98026,98029],{},[148,98021,98022],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[148,98024,98025],{},"Sets are unordered",[148,98027,98028],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[148,98030,98031],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98033,98034,98035,945,98037,86],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[167,98036,170],{"href":169},[167,98038,98040],{"href":98039},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[131,98042,98044],{"id":98043},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98046,98047],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[35,98049,98051],{"className":37,"code":98050,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98052,98053,98073],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98054,98055,98057,98059,98061,98063,98065,98067,98069,98071],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98056,51],{"class":50},[44,98058,55],{"class":54},[44,98060,59],{"class":58},[44,98062,63],{"class":62},[44,98064,66],{"class":58},[44,98066,69],{"class":62},[44,98068,66],{"class":58},[44,98070,74],{"class":62},[44,98072,77],{"class":58},[44,98074,98075,98077,98079,98081],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,98076,100],{"class":99},[44,98078,103],{"class":58},[44,98080,83],{"class":89},[44,98082,108],{"class":58},[20,98084,98085],{},[30,98086,29378],{},[35,98088,98089],{"className":37,"code":95964,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98090,98091],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98092,98093,98095,98097,98099,98101,98103,98105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98094,550],{"class":58},[44,98096,63],{"class":62},[44,98098,66],{"class":58},[44,98100,69],{"class":62},[44,98102,66],{"class":58},[44,98104,74],{"class":62},[44,98106,77],{"class":58},[20,98108,98109],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[347,98111,98113],{"id":98112},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98115,98116],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[35,98118,98120],{"className":37,"code":98119,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98121,98122,98154,98164],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98123,98124,98126,98128,98130,98132,98134,98136,98138,98140,98142,98144,98146,98148,98150,98152],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98125,51],{"class":50},[44,98127,55],{"class":54},[44,98129,59],{"class":58},[44,98131,63],{"class":62},[44,98133,66],{"class":58},[44,98135,69],{"class":62},[44,98137,66],{"class":58},[44,98139,69],{"class":62},[44,98141,66],{"class":58},[44,98143,74],{"class":62},[44,98145,66],{"class":58},[44,98147,74],{"class":62},[44,98149,66],{"class":58},[44,98151,74],{"class":62},[44,98153,77],{"class":58},[44,98155,98156,98158,98160,98162],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,98157,100],{"class":99},[44,98159,103],{"class":58},[44,98161,83],{"class":89},[44,98163,108],{"class":58},[44,98165,98166,98168,98170,98172,98174,98176],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,98167,100],{"class":99},[44,98169,103],{"class":58},[44,98171,10529],{"class":99},[44,98173,103],{"class":58},[44,98175,83],{"class":89},[44,98177,993],{"class":58},[20,98179,98180],{},[30,98181,29378],{},[35,98183,98185],{"className":37,"code":98184,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98186,98187,98203],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98188,98189,98191,98193,98195,98197,98199,98201],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98190,550],{"class":58},[44,98192,63],{"class":62},[44,98194,66],{"class":58},[44,98196,69],{"class":62},[44,98198,66],{"class":58},[44,98200,74],{"class":62},[44,98202,77],{"class":58},[44,98204,98205],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,98206,45976],{"class":62},[20,98208,20325,98209,342,98211,98213],{},[15,98210,1426],{},[15,98212,1432],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[131,98215,98217,98218],{"id":98216},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98219,330],{},[20,98221,1462,98222,98224],{},[15,98223,330],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98226,4826],{},[145,98228,98229,98231,98233,98235],{},[148,98230,96442],{},[148,98232,95740],{},[148,98234,55824],{},[148,98236,98237],{},[15,98238,35551],{},[347,98240,98242],{"id":98241},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[35,98244,98246],{"className":37,"code":98245,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98247,98248,98282],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98249,98250,98252,98254,98256,98258,98260,98262,98264,98266,98268,98270,98272,98274,98276,98278,98280],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98251,51],{"class":50},[44,98253,55],{"class":54},[44,98255,506],{"class":121},[44,98257,2357],{"class":58},[44,98259,63],{"class":62},[44,98261,66],{"class":58},[44,98263,69],{"class":62},[44,98265,66],{"class":58},[44,98267,69],{"class":62},[44,98269,66],{"class":58},[44,98271,74],{"class":62},[44,98273,66],{"class":58},[44,98275,74],{"class":62},[44,98277,66],{"class":58},[44,98279,1827],{"class":62},[44,98281,3258],{"class":58},[44,98283,98284,98286,98288,98290],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,98285,100],{"class":99},[44,98287,103],{"class":58},[44,98289,83],{"class":89},[44,98291,108],{"class":58},[20,98293,98294],{},[30,98295,29378],{},[35,98297,98298],{"className":37,"code":95631,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98299,98300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98301,98302,98304,98306,98308,98310,98312,98314,98316,98318],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98303,550],{"class":58},[44,98305,63],{"class":62},[44,98307,66],{"class":58},[44,98309,69],{"class":62},[44,98311,66],{"class":58},[44,98313,74],{"class":62},[44,98315,66],{"class":58},[44,98317,1827],{"class":62},[44,98319,77],{"class":58},[20,98321,98322,98323,86],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[167,98324,98326],{"href":98325},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[347,98328,98330],{"id":98329},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[35,98332,98334],{"className":37,"code":98333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98335,98336,98362],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98337,98338,98340,98342,98344,98346,98348,98350,98352,98354,98356,98358,98360],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98339,3191],{"class":50},[44,98341,55],{"class":54},[44,98343,506],{"class":121},[44,98345,4880],{"class":58},[44,98347,1701],{"class":62},[44,98349,66],{"class":58},[44,98351,7163],{"class":62},[44,98353,66],{"class":58},[44,98355,7163],{"class":62},[44,98357,66],{"class":58},[44,98359,7168],{"class":62},[44,98361,993],{"class":58},[44,98363,98364,98366,98368,98370],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,98365,100],{"class":99},[44,98367,103],{"class":58},[44,98369,4727],{"class":89},[44,98371,108],{"class":58},[20,98373,98374],{},[30,98375,29378],{},[35,98377,98379],{"className":37,"code":98378,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,98380,98381],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98382,98383,98385,98387,98389,98391,98393,98395],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98384,550],{"class":58},[44,98386,1701],{"class":62},[44,98388,66],{"class":58},[44,98390,7163],{"class":62},[44,98392,66],{"class":58},[44,98394,7168],{"class":62},[44,98396,77],{"class":58},[347,98398,98400],{"id":98399},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[35,98402,98404],{"className":37,"code":98403,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,98405,98406,98424],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98407,98408,98410,98412,98414,98416,98418,98420,98422],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98409,35444],{"class":50},[44,98411,55],{"class":54},[44,98413,506],{"class":121},[44,98415,103],{"class":58},[44,98417,236],{"class":235},[44,98419,3214],{"class":239},[44,98421,236],{"class":235},[44,98423,108],{"class":58},[44,98425,98426,98428,98430,98432],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,98427,100],{"class":99},[44,98429,103],{"class":58},[44,98431,35497],{"class":89},[44,98433,108],{"class":58},[20,98435,98436],{},[30,98437,29378],{},[35,98439,98441],{"className":37,"code":98440,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,98442,98443],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98444,98445,98447,98449,98451,98453,98455,98457,98459,98461,98463,98465,98467,98469,98471,98473,98475,98477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98446,550],{"class":58},[44,98448,1018],{"class":235},[44,98450,59799],{"class":239},[44,98452,1018],{"class":235},[44,98454,66],{"class":58},[44,98456,1012],{"class":235},[44,98458,59808],{"class":239},[44,98460,1018],{"class":235},[44,98462,66],{"class":58},[44,98464,1012],{"class":235},[44,98466,59817],{"class":239},[44,98468,1018],{"class":235},[44,98470,66],{"class":58},[44,98472,1012],{"class":235},[44,98474,59834],{"class":239},[44,98476,1018],{"class":235},[44,98478,77],{"class":58},[20,98480,98481],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[131,98483,98485],{"id":98484},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,98487,98488,98489,86],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,98490,330],{},[35,98492,98494],{"className":37,"code":98493,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98495,98496,98506,98516],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98497,98498,98500,98502,98504],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98499,1039],{"class":50},[44,98501,55],{"class":54},[44,98503,506],{"class":121},[44,98505,93],{"class":58},[44,98507,98508,98510,98512,98514],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,98509,100],{"class":99},[44,98511,103],{"class":58},[44,98513,1058],{"class":89},[44,98515,108],{"class":58},[44,98517,98518,98520,98522,98524,98526,98528],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,98519,100],{"class":99},[44,98521,103],{"class":58},[44,98523,985],{"class":121},[44,98525,103],{"class":58},[44,98527,1058],{"class":89},[44,98529,993],{"class":58},[20,98531,98532],{},[30,98533,111],{},[35,98535,98537],{"className":37,"code":98536,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,98538,98539,98545],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98540,98541,98543],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98542,122],{"class":121},[44,98544,93],{"class":58},[44,98546,98547,98549,98551,98553,98555,98557],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,98548,1005],{"class":54},[44,98550,1009],{"class":1008},[44,98552,1012],{"class":235},[44,98554,122],{"class":239},[44,98556,1018],{"class":235},[44,98558,1021],{"class":54},[347,98560,43787,98562],{"id":98561},"do-not-use",[15,98563,957],{},[20,98565,98566,98567,98569],{},"Empty braces do ",[30,98568,604],{}," create a set.",[35,98571,98573],{"className":37,"code":98572,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98574,98575,98583,98593],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98576,98577,98579,98581],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98578,971],{"class":50},[44,98580,55],{"class":54},[44,98582,976],{"class":58},[44,98584,98585,98587,98589,98591],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,98586,100],{"class":99},[44,98588,103],{"class":58},[44,98590,990],{"class":89},[44,98592,108],{"class":58},[44,98594,98595,98597,98599,98601,98603,98605],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,98596,100],{"class":99},[44,98598,103],{"class":58},[44,98600,985],{"class":121},[44,98602,103],{"class":58},[44,98604,990],{"class":89},[44,98606,993],{"class":58},[20,98608,98609],{},[30,98610,111],{},[35,98612,98614],{"className":37,"code":98613,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,98615,98616,98620],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98617,98618],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98619,8804],{"class":58},[44,98621,98622,98624,98626,98628,98630,98632],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,98623,1005],{"class":54},[44,98625,1009],{"class":1008},[44,98627,1012],{"class":235},[44,98629,1015],{"class":239},[44,98631,1018],{"class":235},[44,98633,1021],{"class":54},[20,98635,98636,1026],{},[15,98637,957],{},[131,98639,71630],{"id":71629},[20,98641,98642],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,98644,98645],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[35,98647,98649],{"className":37,"code":98648,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,98650,98651,98699,98709],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98652,98653,98655,98657,98659,98661,98663,98665,98667,98669,98671,98673,98675,98677,98679,98681,98683,98685,98687,98689,98691,98693,98695,98697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98654,3441],{"class":50},[44,98656,55],{"class":54},[44,98658,59],{"class":58},[44,98660,236],{"class":235},[44,98662,3450],{"class":239},[44,98664,236],{"class":235},[44,98666,66],{"class":58},[44,98668,247],{"class":235},[44,98670,3459],{"class":239},[44,98672,236],{"class":235},[44,98674,66],{"class":58},[44,98676,247],{"class":235},[44,98678,3450],{"class":239},[44,98680,236],{"class":235},[44,98682,66],{"class":58},[44,98684,247],{"class":235},[44,98686,3450],{"class":239},[44,98688,236],{"class":235},[44,98690,66],{"class":58},[44,98692,247],{"class":235},[44,98694,32571],{"class":239},[44,98696,236],{"class":235},[44,98698,77],{"class":58},[44,98700,98701,98703,98705,98707],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,98702,100],{"class":99},[44,98704,103],{"class":58},[44,98706,3485],{"class":89},[44,98708,108],{"class":58},[44,98710,98711,98713,98715,98717,98719,98721],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,98712,100],{"class":99},[44,98714,103],{"class":58},[44,98716,10529],{"class":99},[44,98718,103],{"class":58},[44,98720,3485],{"class":89},[44,98722,993],{"class":58},[20,98724,98725],{},[30,98726,29378],{},[35,98728,98730],{"className":37,"code":98729,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,98731,98732,98760],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98733,98734,98736,98738,98740,98742,98744,98746,98748,98750,98752,98754,98756,98758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98735,550],{"class":58},[44,98737,1018],{"class":235},[44,98739,3459],{"class":239},[44,98741,1018],{"class":235},[44,98743,66],{"class":58},[44,98745,1012],{"class":235},[44,98747,32571],{"class":239},[44,98749,1018],{"class":235},[44,98751,66],{"class":58},[44,98753,1012],{"class":235},[44,98755,3450],{"class":239},[44,98757,1018],{"class":235},[44,98759,77],{"class":58},[44,98761,98762],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,98763,45976],{"class":62},[20,98765,98766],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[131,98768,98770],{"id":98769},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,98772,98773,98774,98776],{},"Set items must be ",[30,98775,95728],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,98778,98779],{},"These usually work:",[145,98781,98782,98784,98786,98788],{},[148,98783,55821],{},[148,98785,55824],{},[148,98787,95740],{},[148,98789,39951],{},[35,98791,98793],{"className":37,"code":98792,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,98794,98795,98829],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98796,98797,98799,98801,98803,98805,98807,98809,98811,98813,98815,98817,98819,98821,98823,98825,98827],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98798,3191],{"class":50},[44,98800,55],{"class":54},[44,98802,59],{"class":58},[44,98804,63],{"class":62},[44,98806,66],{"class":58},[44,98808,247],{"class":235},[44,98810,3450],{"class":239},[44,98812,236],{"class":235},[44,98814,66],{"class":58},[44,98816,8607],{"class":58},[44,98818,1701],{"class":62},[44,98820,66],{"class":58},[44,98822,7163],{"class":62},[44,98824,8604],{"class":58},[44,98826,3286],{"class":692},[44,98828,77],{"class":58},[44,98830,98831,98833,98835,98837],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,98832,100],{"class":99},[44,98834,103],{"class":58},[44,98836,4727],{"class":89},[44,98838,108],{"class":58},[20,98840,98841,98842,98844],{},"These do ",[30,98843,604],{}," work directly:",[145,98846,98847,98849],{},[148,98848,96442],{},[148,98850,96445],{},[35,98852,98854],{"className":37,"code":98853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,98855,98856],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98857,98858,98861,98863,98866,98868,98870,98872,98874,98876],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98859,98860],{"class":50},"bad_set ",[44,98862,55],{"class":54},[44,98864,98865],{"class":58}," {[",[44,98867,63],{"class":62},[44,98869,66],{"class":58},[44,98871,69],{"class":62},[44,98873,66],{"class":58},[44,98875,74],{"class":62},[44,98877,13060],{"class":58},[20,98879,98880],{},"This raises an error:",[35,98882,98883],{"className":37,"code":96501,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98884,98885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98886,98887,98889,98891,98893,98895,98897,98899,98901],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98888,2376],{"class":121},[44,98890,2255],{"class":58},[44,98892,96512],{"class":50},[44,98894,985],{"class":121},[44,98896,2255],{"class":58},[44,98898,1012],{"class":235},[44,98900,7467],{"class":239},[44,98902,29048],{"class":235},[20,98904,51441],{},[35,98906,98908],{"className":37,"code":98907,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,98909,98910],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98911,98912,98914,98916,98919,98921,98923,98925,98927,98929,98931,98933],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98913,98860],{"class":50},[44,98915,55],{"class":54},[44,98917,98918],{"class":58}," {{",[44,98920,236],{"class":235},[44,98922,7041],{"class":239},[44,98924,236],{"class":235},[44,98926,2255],{"class":58},[44,98928,247],{"class":235},[44,98930,7050],{"class":239},[44,98932,236],{"class":235},[44,98934,98935],{"class":58},"}}\n",[20,98937,98938],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[131,98940,98942],{"id":98941},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[347,98944,98946],{"id":98945},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[35,98948,98950],{"className":37,"code":98949,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98951,98952,98976],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98953,98954,98956,98958,98960,98962,98964,98966,98968,98970,98972,98974],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98955,51],{"class":50},[44,98957,55],{"class":54},[44,98959,59],{"class":58},[44,98961,63],{"class":62},[44,98963,66],{"class":58},[44,98965,69],{"class":62},[44,98967,66],{"class":58},[44,98969,74],{"class":62},[44,98971,66],{"class":58},[44,98973,1827],{"class":62},[44,98975,77],{"class":58},[44,98977,98978,98980,98982,98984],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,98979,100],{"class":99},[44,98981,103],{"class":58},[44,98983,83],{"class":89},[44,98985,108],{"class":58},[347,98987,98989],{"id":98988},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[35,98991,98993],{"className":37,"code":98992,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,98994,98995,99023,99038,99042],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98996,98997,98999,99001,99003,99005,99007,99009,99011,99013,99015,99017,99019,99021],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98998,362],{"class":50},[44,99000,55],{"class":54},[44,99002,2993],{"class":58},[44,99004,63],{"class":62},[44,99006,66],{"class":58},[44,99008,4867],{"class":62},[44,99010,66],{"class":58},[44,99012,69],{"class":62},[44,99014,66],{"class":58},[44,99016,74],{"class":62},[44,99018,66],{"class":58},[44,99020,74],{"class":62},[44,99022,3006],{"class":58},[44,99024,99025,99028,99030,99032,99034,99036],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,99026,99027],{"class":50},"unique_items ",[44,99029,55],{"class":54},[44,99031,506],{"class":121},[44,99033,103],{"class":58},[44,99035,397],{"class":89},[44,99037,108],{"class":58},[44,99039,99040],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,99041,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,99043,99044,99046,99048,99051],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,99045,100],{"class":99},[44,99047,103],{"class":58},[44,99049,99050],{"class":89},"unique_items",[44,99052,108],{"class":58},[347,99054,98400],{"id":99055},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[35,99057,99059],{"className":37,"code":99058,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99060,99061,99079],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99062,99063,99065,99067,99069,99071,99073,99075,99077],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99064,35444],{"class":50},[44,99066,55],{"class":54},[44,99068,506],{"class":121},[44,99070,103],{"class":58},[44,99072,236],{"class":235},[44,99074,3459],{"class":239},[44,99076,236],{"class":235},[44,99078,108],{"class":58},[44,99080,99081,99083,99085,99087],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,99082,100],{"class":99},[44,99084,103],{"class":58},[44,99086,35497],{"class":89},[44,99088,108],{"class":58},[347,99090,99092],{"id":99091},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[35,99094,99096],{"className":37,"code":99095,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99097,99098,99108],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99099,99100,99102,99104,99106],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99101,1039],{"class":50},[44,99103,55],{"class":54},[44,99105,506],{"class":121},[44,99107,93],{"class":58},[44,99109,99110,99112,99114,99116],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,99111,100],{"class":99},[44,99113,103],{"class":58},[44,99115,1058],{"class":89},[44,99117,108],{"class":58},[131,99119,2200],{"id":2199},[20,99121,99122],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[347,99124,350,99126,99128],{"id":99125},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99127,957],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99130,99131],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[35,99133,99135],{"className":37,"code":99134,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99136,99137,99145],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99138,99139,99141,99143],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99140,1817],{"class":50},[44,99142,55],{"class":54},[44,99144,976],{"class":58},[44,99146,99147,99149,99151,99153,99155,99157],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,99148,100],{"class":99},[44,99150,103],{"class":58},[44,99152,985],{"class":121},[44,99154,103],{"class":58},[44,99156,1843],{"class":89},[44,99158,993],{"class":58},[20,99160,99161],{},"This prints:",[35,99163,99164],{"className":37,"code":998,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,99165,99166],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99167,99168,99170,99172,99174,99176,99178],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99169,1005],{"class":54},[44,99171,1009],{"class":1008},[44,99173,1012],{"class":235},[44,99175,1015],{"class":239},[44,99177,1018],{"class":235},[44,99179,1021],{"class":54},[20,99181,1462,99182,6002],{},[15,99183,330],{},[347,99185,99187],{"id":99186},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99189,99190],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[35,99192,99194],{"className":37,"code":99193,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99195,99196,99224],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99197,99198,99200,99202,99204,99206,99208,99210,99212,99214,99216,99218,99220,99222],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99199,51],{"class":50},[44,99201,55],{"class":54},[44,99203,59],{"class":58},[44,99205,63],{"class":62},[44,99207,66],{"class":58},[44,99209,4867],{"class":62},[44,99211,66],{"class":58},[44,99213,69],{"class":62},[44,99215,66],{"class":58},[44,99217,69],{"class":62},[44,99219,66],{"class":58},[44,99221,74],{"class":62},[44,99223,77],{"class":58},[44,99225,99226,99228,99230,99232],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,99227,100],{"class":99},[44,99229,103],{"class":58},[44,99231,83],{"class":89},[44,99233,108],{"class":58},[20,99235,99236],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[347,99238,99240],{"id":99239},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99242,99243],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99245,99246],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[35,99248,99250],{"className":37,"code":99249,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99251,99252,99272],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99253,99254,99256,99258,99260,99262,99264,99266,99268,99270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99255,51],{"class":50},[44,99257,55],{"class":54},[44,99259,59],{"class":58},[44,99261,1701],{"class":62},[44,99263,66],{"class":58},[44,99265,7163],{"class":62},[44,99267,66],{"class":58},[44,99269,7168],{"class":62},[44,99271,77],{"class":58},[44,99273,99274],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,99275,99276],{"class":3035},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99278,99279],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[347,99281,99283],{"id":99282},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99285,99286],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[35,99288,99290],{"className":37,"code":99289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99291,99292,99297],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99293,99294],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99295,99296],{"class":3035},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[44,99298,99299],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,99300,99301],{"class":3035},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99303,99304,99305,86],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99306,2376],{},[347,99308,99310],{"id":99309},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99312,99313],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[35,99315,99317],{"className":37,"code":99316,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99318,99319,99339,99371,99375,99389],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99320,99321,99323,99325,99327,99329,99331,99333,99335,99337],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99322,808],{"class":50},[44,99324,55],{"class":54},[44,99326,59],{"class":58},[44,99328,63],{"class":62},[44,99330,66],{"class":58},[44,99332,69],{"class":62},[44,99334,66],{"class":58},[44,99336,74],{"class":62},[44,99338,77],{"class":58},[44,99340,99341,99343,99345,99347,99349,99351,99353,99355,99357,99359,99361,99363,99365,99367,99369],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,99342,11084],{"class":50},[44,99344,55],{"class":54},[44,99346,59],{"class":58},[44,99348,236],{"class":235},[44,99350,167],{"class":239},[44,99352,236],{"class":235},[44,99354,2255],{"class":58},[44,99356,4867],{"class":62},[44,99358,66],{"class":58},[44,99360,247],{"class":235},[44,99362,1164],{"class":239},[44,99364,236],{"class":235},[44,99366,2255],{"class":58},[44,99368,69],{"class":62},[44,99370,77],{"class":58},[44,99372,99373],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,99374,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,99376,99377,99379,99381,99383,99385,99387],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,99378,100],{"class":99},[44,99380,103],{"class":58},[44,99382,985],{"class":121},[44,99384,103],{"class":58},[44,99386,188],{"class":89},[44,99388,993],{"class":58},[44,99390,99391,99393,99395,99397,99399,99401],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,99392,100],{"class":99},[44,99394,103],{"class":58},[44,99396,985],{"class":121},[44,99398,103],{"class":58},[44,99400,10813],{"class":89},[44,99402,993],{"class":58},[131,99404,92147],{"id":92146},[20,99406,99407],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[35,99409,99411],{"className":37,"code":99410,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,99412,99413,99439,99443,99457,99467,99481,99488],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99414,99415,99417,99419,99421,99423,99425,99427,99429,99431,99433,99435,99437],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99416,808],{"class":50},[44,99418,55],{"class":54},[44,99420,506],{"class":121},[44,99422,2357],{"class":58},[44,99424,63],{"class":62},[44,99426,66],{"class":58},[44,99428,69],{"class":62},[44,99430,66],{"class":58},[44,99432,69],{"class":62},[44,99434,66],{"class":58},[44,99436,74],{"class":62},[44,99438,3258],{"class":58},[44,99440,99441],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,99442,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,99444,99445,99447,99449,99451,99453,99455],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,99446,100],{"class":99},[44,99448,103],{"class":58},[44,99450,985],{"class":121},[44,99452,103],{"class":58},[44,99454,188],{"class":89},[44,99456,993],{"class":58},[44,99458,99459,99461,99463,99465],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,99460,100],{"class":99},[44,99462,103],{"class":58},[44,99464,188],{"class":89},[44,99466,108],{"class":58},[44,99468,99469,99471,99473,99475,99477,99479],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,99470,100],{"class":99},[44,99472,103],{"class":58},[44,99474,10529],{"class":99},[44,99476,103],{"class":58},[44,99478,188],{"class":89},[44,99480,993],{"class":58},[44,99482,99483,99485],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,99484,100],{"class":99},[44,99486,99487],{"class":58},"({})\n",[44,99489,99490,99492,99494,99496],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,99491,100],{"class":99},[44,99493,103],{"class":58},[44,99495,122],{"class":121},[44,99497,6566],{"class":58},[20,99499,99500],{},"Use these to confirm:",[145,99502,99503,99506,99509,99512],{},[148,99504,99505],{},"The object type",[148,99507,99508],{},"The actual values stored",[148,99510,99511],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[148,99513,99514,99515,342,99517],{},"The difference between ",[15,99516,957],{},[15,99518,330],{},[131,99520,1196],{"id":1195},[347,99522,99524],{"id":99523},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,99526,99527,99528,99531,99532,99534],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,99529,99530],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,99533,330],{}," with another iterable.",[347,99536,99538],{"id":99537},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,99540,1462,99541,99543,99544,99546],{},[15,99542,330],{},". Empty braces ",[15,99545,957],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[347,99548,99550],{"id":99549},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,99552,99553],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[347,99555,99557],{"id":99556},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,99559,99560],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[347,99562,99564],{"id":99563},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,99566,99567],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[131,99569,1251],{"id":1250},[145,99571,99572,99576,99582,99588,99593],{},[148,99573,99574],{},[167,99575,170],{"href":169},[148,99577,99578],{},[167,99579,2945,99580,1272],{"href":1267},[15,99581,95569],{},[148,99583,99584],{},[167,99585,2945,99586,1272],{"href":1289},[15,99587,96669],{},[148,99589,99590],{},[167,99591,99592],{"href":98325},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[148,99594,99595],{},[167,99596,99597],{"href":98039},"What is a set in Python?",[20,99599,99600],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1294,99602,99603],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":99605},[99606,99607,99608,99609,99612,99618,99622,99623,99624,99630,99638,99639,99646],{"id":2978,"depth":80,"text":2979},{"id":14515,"depth":80,"text":14516},{"id":98011,"depth":80,"text":98012},{"id":98043,"depth":80,"text":98044,"children":99610},[99611],{"id":98112,"depth":96,"text":98113},{"id":98216,"depth":80,"text":99613,"children":99614},"Create a set with set()",[99615,99616,99617],{"id":98241,"depth":96,"text":98242},{"id":98329,"depth":96,"text":98330},{"id":98399,"depth":96,"text":98400},{"id":98484,"depth":80,"text":98485,"children":99619},[99620],{"id":98561,"depth":96,"text":99621},"Do not use {}",{"id":71629,"depth":80,"text":71630},{"id":98769,"depth":80,"text":98770},{"id":98941,"depth":80,"text":98942,"children":99625},[99626,99627,99628,99629],{"id":98945,"depth":96,"text":98946},{"id":98988,"depth":96,"text":98989},{"id":99055,"depth":96,"text":98400},{"id":99091,"depth":96,"text":99092},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200,"children":99631},[99632,99634,99635,99636,99637],{"id":99125,"depth":96,"text":99633},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99186,"depth":96,"text":99187},{"id":99239,"depth":96,"text":99240},{"id":99282,"depth":96,"text":99283},{"id":99309,"depth":96,"text":99310},{"id":92146,"depth":80,"text":92147},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":99640},[99641,99642,99643,99644,99645],{"id":99523,"depth":96,"text":99524},{"id":99537,"depth":96,"text":99538},{"id":99549,"depth":96,"text":99550},{"id":99556,"depth":96,"text":99557},{"id":99563,"depth":96,"text":99564},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":97814,"description":99647},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":99653,"title":99654,"body":99655,"description":102086,"extension":1331,"meta":102087,"navigation":268,"path":102088,"seo":102089,"stem":102090,"__hash__":102091},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":99656,"toc":102051},[99657,99663,99669,99672,99674,99751,99753,99770,99780,99782,99787,99795,99797,99813,99817,99819,99821,99824,99845,99848,99872,99878,99880,99977,99979,99996,100006,100008,100010,100018,100020,100031,100033,100124,100126,100150,100161,100163,100165,100168,100298,100300,100373,100375,100396,100399,100401,100407,100412,100415,100542,100544,100561,100564,100566,100574,100577,100581,100589,100680,100682,100719,100724,100731,100808,100810,100826,100831,100836,100838,100847,100855,100936,100938,100967,100970,100974,100985,100988,101071,101073,101094,101100,101102,101104,101108,101112,101119,101184,101186,101206,101209,101278,101280,101296,101300,101306,101318,101326,101328,101413,101415,101444,101447,101451,101456,101458,101508,101511,101592,101594,101610,101614,101617,101692,101695,101699,101702,101779,101781,101814,101820,101824,101827,101962,101964,101978,101980,101982,101988,101991,101998,102006,102012,102015,102019,102022,102024,102026,102048],[10,99658,13,99660,18],{"id":99659},"python-set-difference-method",[15,99661,99662],{},"difference()",[20,99664,99665,99668],{},[15,99666,99667],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,99670,99671],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[131,99673,2979],{"id":2978},[35,99675,99677],{"className":37,"code":99676,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,99678,99679,99703,99723,99741],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99680,99681,99683,99685,99687,99689,99691,99693,99695,99697,99699,99701],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99682,1095],{"class":50},[44,99684,55],{"class":54},[44,99686,59],{"class":58},[44,99688,63],{"class":62},[44,99690,66],{"class":58},[44,99692,69],{"class":62},[44,99694,66],{"class":58},[44,99696,74],{"class":62},[44,99698,66],{"class":58},[44,99700,1827],{"class":62},[44,99702,77],{"class":58},[44,99704,99705,99707,99709,99711,99713,99715,99717,99719,99721],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,99706,1122],{"class":50},[44,99708,55],{"class":54},[44,99710,59],{"class":58},[44,99712,1432],{"class":62},[44,99714,66],{"class":58},[44,99716,1827],{"class":62},[44,99718,66],{"class":58},[44,99720,3975],{"class":62},[44,99722,77],{"class":58},[44,99724,99725,99727,99729,99731,99733,99735,99737,99739],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,99726,644],{"class":50},[44,99728,55],{"class":54},[44,99730,56247],{"class":50},[44,99732,86],{"class":58},[44,99734,2181],{"class":89},[44,99736,103],{"class":58},[44,99738,1164],{"class":89},[44,99740,108],{"class":58},[44,99742,99743,99745,99747,99749],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,99744,100],{"class":99},[44,99746,103],{"class":58},[44,99748,668],{"class":89},[44,99750,108],{"class":58},[20,99752,111],{},[35,99754,99756],{"className":37,"code":99755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n",[15,99757,99758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99759,99760,99762,99764,99766,99768],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99761,550],{"class":58},[44,99763,63],{"class":62},[44,99765,66],{"class":58},[44,99767,69],{"class":62},[44,99769,77],{"class":58},[20,99771,99772,99774,99775,99777,99778,86],{},[15,99773,99662],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,99776,167],{}," that are not in ",[15,99779,1164],{},[44275,99781],{},[131,99783,134,99785,137],{"id":99784},"what-difference-does",[15,99786,99662],{},[20,99788,140,99789,99791,99792,99794],{},[15,99790,99662],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[30,99793,604],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,99796,197],{},[145,99798,99799,99804,99807,99810],{},[148,99800,99801,99803],{},[15,99802,99662],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[148,99805,99806],{},"It creates a new set",[148,99808,99809],{},"It does not change the original set",[148,99811,99812],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,99814,165,99815,86],{},[167,99816,170],{"href":169},[44275,99818],{},[131,99820,175],{"id":174},[20,99822,99823],{},"Use this form:",[35,99825,99827],{"className":37,"code":99826,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,99828,99829],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99830,99831,99834,99836,99838,99840,99843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99832,99833],{"class":50},"set1",[44,99835,86],{"class":58},[44,99837,2181],{"class":89},[44,99839,103],{"class":58},[44,99841,99842],{"class":89},"set2",[44,99844,108],{"class":58},[20,99846,99847],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[35,99849,99851],{"className":37,"code":99850,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,99852,99853],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99854,99855,99857,99859,99861,99863,99865,99867,99870],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99856,99833],{"class":50},[44,99858,86],{"class":58},[44,99860,2181],{"class":89},[44,99862,103],{"class":58},[44,99864,99842],{"class":89},[44,99866,66],{"class":58},[44,99868,99869],{"class":89}," set3",[44,99871,108],{"class":58},[20,99873,99874,99875,99877],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[30,99876,4722],{}," of the other sets.",[20,99879,1578],{},[35,99881,99883],{"className":37,"code":99882,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,99884,99885,99913,99929,99941,99945,99967],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99886,99887,99889,99891,99893,99895,99897,99899,99901,99903,99905,99907,99909,99911],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99888,1095],{"class":50},[44,99890,55],{"class":54},[44,99892,59],{"class":58},[44,99894,63],{"class":62},[44,99896,66],{"class":58},[44,99898,69],{"class":62},[44,99900,66],{"class":58},[44,99902,74],{"class":62},[44,99904,66],{"class":58},[44,99906,1827],{"class":62},[44,99908,66],{"class":58},[44,99910,3975],{"class":62},[44,99912,77],{"class":58},[44,99914,99915,99917,99919,99921,99923,99925,99927],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,99916,1122],{"class":50},[44,99918,55],{"class":54},[44,99920,59],{"class":58},[44,99922,1426],{"class":62},[44,99924,66],{"class":58},[44,99926,74],{"class":62},[44,99928,77],{"class":58},[44,99930,99931,99933,99935,99937,99939],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,99932,82547],{"class":50},[44,99934,55],{"class":54},[44,99936,59],{"class":58},[44,99938,1507],{"class":62},[44,99940,77],{"class":58},[44,99942,99943],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,99944,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,99946,99947,99949,99951,99953,99955,99957,99959,99961,99963,99965],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,99948,644],{"class":50},[44,99950,55],{"class":54},[44,99952,56247],{"class":50},[44,99954,86],{"class":58},[44,99956,2181],{"class":89},[44,99958,103],{"class":58},[44,99960,1164],{"class":89},[44,99962,66],{"class":58},[44,99964,9051],{"class":89},[44,99966,108],{"class":58},[44,99968,99969,99971,99973,99975],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,99970,100],{"class":99},[44,99972,103],{"class":58},[44,99974,668],{"class":89},[44,99976,108],{"class":58},[20,99978,111],{},[35,99980,99982],{"className":37,"code":99981,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 4}\n",[15,99983,99984],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99985,99986,99988,99990,99992,99994],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99987,550],{"class":58},[44,99989,63],{"class":62},[44,99991,66],{"class":58},[44,99993,1827],{"class":62},[44,99995,77],{"class":58},[20,99997,99998,99999,100001,100002,945,100004,86],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100000,167],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100003,1164],{},[15,100005,9109],{},[44275,100007],{},[131,100009,596],{"id":595},[20,100011,100012,100014,100015,86],{},[15,100013,99662],{}," always returns a ",[30,100016,100017],{},"new set",[20,100019,43008],{},[145,100021,100022,100025,100028],{},[148,100023,100024],{},"The return value is a new set",[148,100026,100027],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[148,100029,100030],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100032,1578],{},[35,100034,100036],{"className":37,"code":100035,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100037,100038,100054,100074,100078,100096,100100,100110],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100039,100040,100042,100044,100046,100048,100050,100052],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100041,1095],{"class":50},[44,100043,55],{"class":54},[44,100045,59],{"class":58},[44,100047,63],{"class":62},[44,100049,66],{"class":58},[44,100051,69],{"class":62},[44,100053,77],{"class":58},[44,100055,100056,100058,100060,100062,100064,100066,100068,100070,100072],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,100057,1122],{"class":50},[44,100059,55],{"class":54},[44,100061,59],{"class":58},[44,100063,63],{"class":62},[44,100065,66],{"class":58},[44,100067,69],{"class":62},[44,100069,66],{"class":58},[44,100071,74],{"class":62},[44,100073,77],{"class":58},[44,100075,100076],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,100077,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,100079,100080,100082,100084,100086,100088,100090,100092,100094],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,100081,644],{"class":50},[44,100083,55],{"class":54},[44,100085,56247],{"class":50},[44,100087,86],{"class":58},[44,100089,2181],{"class":89},[44,100091,103],{"class":58},[44,100093,1164],{"class":89},[44,100095,108],{"class":58},[44,100097,100098],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,100099,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,100101,100102,100104,100106,100108],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,100103,100],{"class":99},[44,100105,103],{"class":58},[44,100107,668],{"class":89},[44,100109,108],{"class":58},[44,100111,100112,100114,100116,100118,100120,100122],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,100113,100],{"class":99},[44,100115,103],{"class":58},[44,100117,985],{"class":121},[44,100119,103],{"class":58},[44,100121,668],{"class":89},[44,100123,993],{"class":58},[20,100125,111],{},[35,100127,100128],{"className":37,"code":98536,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,100129,100130,100136],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100131,100132,100134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100133,122],{"class":121},[44,100135,93],{"class":58},[44,100137,100138,100140,100142,100144,100146,100148],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,100139,1005],{"class":54},[44,100141,1009],{"class":1008},[44,100143,1012],{"class":235},[44,100145,122],{"class":239},[44,100147,1018],{"class":235},[44,100149,1021],{"class":54},[20,100151,100152,100153,18311,100155,100157,100158,100160],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100154,330],{},[15,100156,957],{},". In Python, ",[15,100159,957],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44275,100162],{},[131,100164,215],{"id":214},[20,100166,100167],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[35,100169,100171],{"className":37,"code":100170,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100172,100173,100206,100239,100243,100263,100267,100277,100288],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100174,100175,100178,100180,100182,100184,100186,100188,100190,100192,100194,100196,100198,100200,100202,100204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100176,100177],{"class":50},"fruits_a ",[44,100179,55],{"class":54},[44,100181,59],{"class":58},[44,100183,236],{"class":235},[44,100185,3450],{"class":239},[44,100187,236],{"class":235},[44,100189,66],{"class":58},[44,100191,247],{"class":235},[44,100193,3459],{"class":239},[44,100195,236],{"class":235},[44,100197,66],{"class":58},[44,100199,247],{"class":235},[44,100201,32571],{"class":239},[44,100203,236],{"class":235},[44,100205,77],{"class":58},[44,100207,100208,100211,100213,100215,100217,100219,100221,100223,100225,100227,100229,100231,100233,100235,100237],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,100209,100210],{"class":50},"fruits_b ",[44,100212,55],{"class":54},[44,100214,59],{"class":58},[44,100216,236],{"class":235},[44,100218,3459],{"class":239},[44,100220,236],{"class":235},[44,100222,66],{"class":58},[44,100224,247],{"class":235},[44,100226,32571],{"class":239},[44,100228,236],{"class":235},[44,100230,66],{"class":58},[44,100232,247],{"class":235},[44,100234,21880],{"class":239},[44,100236,236],{"class":235},[44,100238,77],{"class":58},[44,100240,100241],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,100242,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,100244,100245,100247,100249,100252,100254,100256,100258,100261],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,100246,644],{"class":50},[44,100248,55],{"class":54},[44,100250,100251],{"class":50}," fruits_a",[44,100253,86],{"class":58},[44,100255,2181],{"class":89},[44,100257,103],{"class":58},[44,100259,100260],{"class":89},"fruits_b",[44,100262,108],{"class":58},[44,100264,100265],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,100266,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,100268,100269,100271,100273,100275],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,100270,100],{"class":99},[44,100272,103],{"class":58},[44,100274,668],{"class":89},[44,100276,108],{"class":58},[44,100278,100279,100281,100283,100286],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,100280,100],{"class":99},[44,100282,103],{"class":58},[44,100284,100285],{"class":89},"fruits_a",[44,100287,108],{"class":58},[44,100289,100290,100292,100294,100296],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,100291,100],{"class":99},[44,100293,103],{"class":58},[44,100295,100260],{"class":89},[44,100297,108],{"class":58},[20,100299,29378],{},[35,100301,100303],{"className":37,"code":100302,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100304,100305,100317,100345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100306,100307,100309,100311,100313,100315],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100308,550],{"class":58},[44,100310,1018],{"class":235},[44,100312,3450],{"class":239},[44,100314,1018],{"class":235},[44,100316,77],{"class":58},[44,100318,100319,100321,100323,100325,100327,100329,100331,100333,100335,100337,100339,100341,100343],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,100320,550],{"class":58},[44,100322,1018],{"class":235},[44,100324,3459],{"class":239},[44,100326,1018],{"class":235},[44,100328,66],{"class":58},[44,100330,1012],{"class":235},[44,100332,32571],{"class":239},[44,100334,1018],{"class":235},[44,100336,66],{"class":58},[44,100338,1012],{"class":235},[44,100340,3450],{"class":239},[44,100342,1018],{"class":235},[44,100344,77],{"class":58},[44,100346,100347,100349,100351,100353,100355,100357,100359,100361,100363,100365,100367,100369,100371],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,100348,550],{"class":58},[44,100350,1018],{"class":235},[44,100352,3459],{"class":239},[44,100354,1018],{"class":235},[44,100356,66],{"class":58},[44,100358,1012],{"class":235},[44,100360,32571],{"class":239},[44,100362,1018],{"class":235},[44,100364,66],{"class":58},[44,100366,1012],{"class":235},[44,100368,21880],{"class":239},[44,100370,1018],{"class":235},[44,100372,77],{"class":58},[20,100374,311],{},[145,100376,100377,100382,100387,100393],{},[148,100378,100379,100380],{},"Start with ",[15,100381,100285],{},[148,100383,100384,100385],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,100386,100260],{},[148,100388,100389,100390,100392],{},"Only ",[15,100391,57193],{}," remains",[148,100394,100395],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,100397,100398],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44275,100400],{},[131,100402,350,100404,100406],{"id":100403},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,100405,99662],{}," with multiple sets",[20,100408,100409,100410,86],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,100411,99662],{},[20,100413,100414],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[35,100416,100418],{"className":37,"code":100417,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100419,100420,100452,100469,100482,100499,100503,100532],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100421,100422,100424,100426,100428,100430,100432,100434,100436,100438,100440,100442,100444,100446,100448,100450],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100423,51],{"class":50},[44,100425,55],{"class":54},[44,100427,59],{"class":58},[44,100429,63],{"class":62},[44,100431,66],{"class":58},[44,100433,69],{"class":62},[44,100435,66],{"class":58},[44,100437,74],{"class":62},[44,100439,66],{"class":58},[44,100441,1827],{"class":62},[44,100443,66],{"class":58},[44,100445,3975],{"class":62},[44,100447,66],{"class":58},[44,100449,36998],{"class":62},[44,100451,77],{"class":58},[44,100453,100454,100457,100459,100461,100463,100465,100467],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,100455,100456],{"class":50},"group_a ",[44,100458,55],{"class":54},[44,100460,59],{"class":58},[44,100462,1426],{"class":62},[44,100464,66],{"class":58},[44,100466,1827],{"class":62},[44,100468,77],{"class":58},[44,100470,100471,100474,100476,100478,100480],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,100472,100473],{"class":50},"group_b ",[44,100475,55],{"class":54},[44,100477,59],{"class":58},[44,100479,1507],{"class":62},[44,100481,77],{"class":58},[44,100483,100484,100487,100489,100491,100493,100495,100497],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,100485,100486],{"class":50},"group_c ",[44,100488,55],{"class":54},[44,100490,59],{"class":58},[44,100492,79955],{"class":62},[44,100494,66],{"class":58},[44,100496,5364],{"class":62},[44,100498,77],{"class":58},[44,100500,100501],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,100502,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,100504,100505,100507,100509,100511,100513,100515,100517,100520,100522,100525,100527,100530],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,100506,644],{"class":50},[44,100508,55],{"class":54},[44,100510,649],{"class":50},[44,100512,86],{"class":58},[44,100514,2181],{"class":89},[44,100516,103],{"class":58},[44,100518,100519],{"class":89},"group_a",[44,100521,66],{"class":58},[44,100523,100524],{"class":89}," group_b",[44,100526,66],{"class":58},[44,100528,100529],{"class":89}," group_c",[44,100531,108],{"class":58},[44,100533,100534,100536,100538,100540],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,100535,100],{"class":99},[44,100537,103],{"class":58},[44,100539,668],{"class":89},[44,100541,108],{"class":58},[20,100543,111],{},[35,100545,100547],{"className":37,"code":100546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 3}\n",[15,100548,100549],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100550,100551,100553,100555,100557,100559],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100552,550],{"class":58},[44,100554,63],{"class":62},[44,100556,66],{"class":58},[44,100558,74],{"class":62},[44,100560,77],{"class":58},[20,100562,100563],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44275,100565],{},[131,100567,100569,9953,100571],{"id":100568},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,100570,99662],{},[15,100572,100573],{},"difference_update()",[20,100575,100576],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[347,100578,100579],{"id":2181},[15,100580,99662],{},[145,100582,100583,100586],{},[148,100584,100585],{},"Returns a new set",[148,100587,100588],{},"Does not change the original set",[35,100590,100592],{"className":37,"code":100591,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,100593,100594,100618,100634,100638,100656,100660,100670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100595,100596,100598,100600,100602,100604,100606,100608,100610,100612,100614,100616],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100597,1095],{"class":50},[44,100599,55],{"class":54},[44,100601,59],{"class":58},[44,100603,63],{"class":62},[44,100605,66],{"class":58},[44,100607,69],{"class":62},[44,100609,66],{"class":58},[44,100611,74],{"class":62},[44,100613,66],{"class":58},[44,100615,1827],{"class":62},[44,100617,77],{"class":58},[44,100619,100620,100622,100624,100626,100628,100630,100632],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,100621,1122],{"class":50},[44,100623,55],{"class":54},[44,100625,59],{"class":58},[44,100627,1432],{"class":62},[44,100629,66],{"class":58},[44,100631,1827],{"class":62},[44,100633,77],{"class":58},[44,100635,100636],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,100637,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,100639,100640,100642,100644,100646,100648,100650,100652,100654],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,100641,644],{"class":50},[44,100643,55],{"class":54},[44,100645,56247],{"class":50},[44,100647,86],{"class":58},[44,100649,2181],{"class":89},[44,100651,103],{"class":58},[44,100653,1164],{"class":89},[44,100655,108],{"class":58},[44,100657,100658],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,100659,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,100661,100662,100664,100666,100668],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,100663,100],{"class":99},[44,100665,103],{"class":58},[44,100667,668],{"class":89},[44,100669,108],{"class":58},[44,100671,100672,100674,100676,100678],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,100673,100],{"class":99},[44,100675,103],{"class":58},[44,100677,167],{"class":89},[44,100679,108],{"class":58},[20,100681,111],{},[35,100683,100685],{"className":37,"code":100684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,100686,100687,100699],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100688,100689,100691,100693,100695,100697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100690,550],{"class":58},[44,100692,63],{"class":62},[44,100694,66],{"class":58},[44,100696,69],{"class":62},[44,100698,77],{"class":58},[44,100700,100701,100703,100705,100707,100709,100711,100713,100715,100717],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,100702,550],{"class":58},[44,100704,63],{"class":62},[44,100706,66],{"class":58},[44,100708,69],{"class":62},[44,100710,66],{"class":58},[44,100712,74],{"class":62},[44,100714,66],{"class":58},[44,100716,1827],{"class":62},[44,100718,77],{"class":58},[347,100720,100722],{"id":100721},"difference_update",[15,100723,100573],{},[145,100725,100726,100729],{},[148,100727,100728],{},"Changes the original set",[148,100730,95678],{},[35,100732,100734],{"className":37,"code":100733,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,100735,100736,100760,100776,100780,100794,100798],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100737,100738,100740,100742,100744,100746,100748,100750,100752,100754,100756,100758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100739,1095],{"class":50},[44,100741,55],{"class":54},[44,100743,59],{"class":58},[44,100745,63],{"class":62},[44,100747,66],{"class":58},[44,100749,69],{"class":62},[44,100751,66],{"class":58},[44,100753,74],{"class":62},[44,100755,66],{"class":58},[44,100757,1827],{"class":62},[44,100759,77],{"class":58},[44,100761,100762,100764,100766,100768,100770,100772,100774],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,100763,1122],{"class":50},[44,100765,55],{"class":54},[44,100767,59],{"class":58},[44,100769,1432],{"class":62},[44,100771,66],{"class":58},[44,100773,1827],{"class":62},[44,100775,77],{"class":58},[44,100777,100778],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,100779,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,100781,100782,100784,100786,100788,100790,100792],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,100783,167],{"class":50},[44,100785,86],{"class":58},[44,100787,100721],{"class":89},[44,100789,103],{"class":58},[44,100791,1164],{"class":89},[44,100793,108],{"class":58},[44,100795,100796],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,100797,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,100799,100800,100802,100804,100806],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,100801,100],{"class":99},[44,100803,103],{"class":58},[44,100805,167],{"class":89},[44,100807,108],{"class":58},[20,100809,111],{},[35,100811,100812],{"className":37,"code":99755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,100813,100814],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100815,100816,100818,100820,100822,100824],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100817,550],{"class":58},[44,100819,63],{"class":62},[44,100821,66],{"class":58},[44,100823,69],{"class":62},[44,100825,77],{"class":58},[20,100827,1462,100828,100830],{},[15,100829,99662],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,100832,100833,100834,32951],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,100835,100573],{},[44275,100837],{},[131,100839,100841,100843,100844,100846],{"id":100840},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,100842,99662],{}," vs the ",[15,100845,1391],{}," operator",[20,100848,140,100849,100851,100852,100854],{},[15,100850,1391],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,100853,99662],{}," for two sets.",[35,100856,100858],{"className":37,"code":100857,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,100859,100860,100884,100900,100904,100922],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100861,100862,100864,100866,100868,100870,100872,100874,100876,100878,100880,100882],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100863,1095],{"class":50},[44,100865,55],{"class":54},[44,100867,59],{"class":58},[44,100869,63],{"class":62},[44,100871,66],{"class":58},[44,100873,69],{"class":62},[44,100875,66],{"class":58},[44,100877,74],{"class":62},[44,100879,66],{"class":58},[44,100881,1827],{"class":62},[44,100883,77],{"class":58},[44,100885,100886,100888,100890,100892,100894,100896,100898],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,100887,1122],{"class":50},[44,100889,55],{"class":54},[44,100891,59],{"class":58},[44,100893,1432],{"class":62},[44,100895,66],{"class":58},[44,100897,1827],{"class":62},[44,100899,77],{"class":58},[44,100901,100902],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,100903,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,100905,100906,100908,100910,100912,100914,100916,100918,100920],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,100907,100],{"class":99},[44,100909,103],{"class":58},[44,100911,167],{"class":89},[44,100913,86],{"class":58},[44,100915,2181],{"class":89},[44,100917,103],{"class":58},[44,100919,1164],{"class":89},[44,100921,993],{"class":58},[44,100923,100924,100926,100928,100930,100932,100934],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,100925,100],{"class":99},[44,100927,103],{"class":58},[44,100929,1095],{"class":89},[44,100931,1391],{"class":54},[44,100933,1929],{"class":89},[44,100935,108],{"class":58},[20,100937,111],{},[35,100939,100941],{"className":37,"code":100940,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,100942,100943,100955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100944,100945,100947,100949,100951,100953],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100946,550],{"class":58},[44,100948,63],{"class":62},[44,100950,66],{"class":58},[44,100952,69],{"class":62},[44,100954,77],{"class":58},[44,100956,100957,100959,100961,100963,100965],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,100958,550],{"class":58},[44,100960,63],{"class":62},[44,100962,66],{"class":58},[44,100964,69],{"class":62},[44,100966,77],{"class":58},[20,100968,100969],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,100971,93951,100972,1239],{},[15,100973,99662],{},[145,100975,100976,100979,100982],{},[148,100977,100978],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[148,100980,100981],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[148,100983,100984],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,100986,100987],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[35,100989,100991],{"className":37,"code":100990,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,100992,100993,101021,101033,101045,101049],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100994,100995,100997,100999,101001,101003,101005,101007,101009,101011,101013,101015,101017,101019],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100996,1095],{"class":50},[44,100998,55],{"class":54},[44,101000,59],{"class":58},[44,101002,63],{"class":62},[44,101004,66],{"class":58},[44,101006,69],{"class":62},[44,101008,66],{"class":58},[44,101010,74],{"class":62},[44,101012,66],{"class":58},[44,101014,1827],{"class":62},[44,101016,66],{"class":58},[44,101018,3975],{"class":62},[44,101020,77],{"class":58},[44,101022,101023,101025,101027,101029,101031],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,101024,1122],{"class":50},[44,101026,55],{"class":54},[44,101028,59],{"class":58},[44,101030,1426],{"class":62},[44,101032,77],{"class":58},[44,101034,101035,101037,101039,101041,101043],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,101036,82547],{"class":50},[44,101038,55],{"class":54},[44,101040,59],{"class":58},[44,101042,1875],{"class":62},[44,101044,77],{"class":58},[44,101046,101047],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,101048,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,101050,101051,101053,101055,101057,101059,101061,101063,101065,101067,101069],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,101052,100],{"class":99},[44,101054,103],{"class":58},[44,101056,167],{"class":89},[44,101058,86],{"class":58},[44,101060,2181],{"class":89},[44,101062,103],{"class":58},[44,101064,1164],{"class":89},[44,101066,66],{"class":58},[44,101068,9051],{"class":89},[44,101070,993],{"class":58},[20,101072,111],{},[35,101074,101076],{"className":37,"code":101075,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101077,101078],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101079,101080,101082,101084,101086,101088,101090,101092],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101081,550],{"class":58},[44,101083,63],{"class":62},[44,101085,66],{"class":58},[44,101087,74],{"class":62},[44,101089,66],{"class":58},[44,101091,3975],{"class":62},[44,101093,77],{"class":58},[20,101095,101096,101097,101099],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101098,1391],{}," operator expression.",[44275,101101],{},[131,101103,784],{"id":783},[20,101105,20559,101106,86],{},[15,101107,99662],{},[347,101109,101111],{"id":101110},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101113,3998,101114,101116,101117,2255],{},[30,101115,604],{}," change ",[15,101118,167],{},[35,101120,101122],{"className":37,"code":101121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101123,101124,101144,101156,101160,101174],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101125,101126,101128,101130,101132,101134,101136,101138,101140,101142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101127,1095],{"class":50},[44,101129,55],{"class":54},[44,101131,59],{"class":58},[44,101133,63],{"class":62},[44,101135,66],{"class":58},[44,101137,69],{"class":62},[44,101139,66],{"class":58},[44,101141,74],{"class":62},[44,101143,77],{"class":58},[44,101145,101146,101148,101150,101152,101154],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,101147,1122],{"class":50},[44,101149,55],{"class":54},[44,101151,59],{"class":58},[44,101153,1432],{"class":62},[44,101155,77],{"class":58},[44,101157,101158],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,101159,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,101161,101162,101164,101166,101168,101170,101172],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,101163,167],{"class":50},[44,101165,86],{"class":58},[44,101167,2181],{"class":89},[44,101169,103],{"class":58},[44,101171,1164],{"class":89},[44,101173,108],{"class":58},[44,101175,101176,101178,101180,101182],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,101177,100],{"class":99},[44,101179,103],{"class":58},[44,101181,167],{"class":89},[44,101183,108],{"class":58},[20,101185,111],{},[35,101187,101188],{"className":37,"code":95964,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,101189,101190],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101191,101192,101194,101196,101198,101200,101202,101204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101193,550],{"class":58},[44,101195,63],{"class":62},[44,101197,66],{"class":58},[44,101199,69],{"class":62},[44,101201,66],{"class":58},[44,101203,74],{"class":62},[44,101205,77],{"class":58},[20,101207,101208],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[35,101210,101212],{"className":37,"code":101211,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101213,101214,101234,101246,101250,101268],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101215,101216,101218,101220,101222,101224,101226,101228,101230,101232],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101217,1095],{"class":50},[44,101219,55],{"class":54},[44,101221,59],{"class":58},[44,101223,63],{"class":62},[44,101225,66],{"class":58},[44,101227,69],{"class":62},[44,101229,66],{"class":58},[44,101231,74],{"class":62},[44,101233,77],{"class":58},[44,101235,101236,101238,101240,101242,101244],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,101237,1122],{"class":50},[44,101239,55],{"class":54},[44,101241,59],{"class":58},[44,101243,1432],{"class":62},[44,101245,77],{"class":58},[44,101247,101248],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,101249,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,101251,101252,101254,101256,101258,101260,101262,101264,101266],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,101253,1095],{"class":50},[44,101255,55],{"class":54},[44,101257,56247],{"class":50},[44,101259,86],{"class":58},[44,101261,2181],{"class":89},[44,101263,103],{"class":58},[44,101265,1164],{"class":89},[44,101267,108],{"class":58},[44,101269,101270,101272,101274,101276],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,101271,100],{"class":99},[44,101273,103],{"class":58},[44,101275,167],{"class":89},[44,101277,108],{"class":58},[20,101279,111],{},[35,101281,101282],{"className":37,"code":99755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,101283,101284],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101285,101286,101288,101290,101292,101294],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101287,550],{"class":58},[44,101289,63],{"class":62},[44,101291,66],{"class":58},[44,101293,69],{"class":62},[44,101295,77],{"class":58},[347,101297,101299],{"id":101298},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101301,101302,101305],{},[15,101303,101304],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[145,101307,101308,101313],{},[148,101309,101310,101311],{},"keep items from ",[15,101312,167],{},[148,101314,101315,101316],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101317,1164],{},[20,101319,40262,101320,101322,101323,101325],{},[30,101321,604],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101324,1164],{},"”.",[20,101327,1578],{},[35,101329,101331],{"className":37,"code":101330,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101332,101333,101353,101373,101377,101395],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101334,101335,101337,101339,101341,101343,101345,101347,101349,101351],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101336,1095],{"class":50},[44,101338,55],{"class":54},[44,101340,59],{"class":58},[44,101342,63],{"class":62},[44,101344,66],{"class":58},[44,101346,69],{"class":62},[44,101348,66],{"class":58},[44,101350,74],{"class":62},[44,101352,77],{"class":58},[44,101354,101355,101357,101359,101361,101363,101365,101367,101369,101371],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,101356,1122],{"class":50},[44,101358,55],{"class":54},[44,101360,59],{"class":58},[44,101362,1432],{"class":62},[44,101364,66],{"class":58},[44,101366,1827],{"class":62},[44,101368,66],{"class":58},[44,101370,3975],{"class":62},[44,101372,77],{"class":58},[44,101374,101375],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,101376,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,101378,101379,101381,101383,101385,101387,101389,101391,101393],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,101380,100],{"class":99},[44,101382,103],{"class":58},[44,101384,167],{"class":89},[44,101386,86],{"class":58},[44,101388,2181],{"class":89},[44,101390,103],{"class":58},[44,101392,1164],{"class":89},[44,101394,993],{"class":58},[44,101396,101397,101399,101401,101403,101405,101407,101409,101411],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,101398,100],{"class":99},[44,101400,103],{"class":58},[44,101402,1164],{"class":89},[44,101404,86],{"class":58},[44,101406,2181],{"class":89},[44,101408,103],{"class":58},[44,101410,167],{"class":89},[44,101412,993],{"class":58},[20,101414,111],{},[35,101416,101418],{"className":37,"code":101417,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,101419,101420,101432],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101421,101422,101424,101426,101428,101430],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101423,550],{"class":58},[44,101425,63],{"class":62},[44,101427,66],{"class":58},[44,101429,69],{"class":62},[44,101431,77],{"class":58},[44,101433,101434,101436,101438,101440,101442],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,101435,550],{"class":58},[44,101437,1875],{"class":62},[44,101439,66],{"class":58},[44,101441,3975],{"class":62},[44,101443,77],{"class":58},[20,101445,101446],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[347,101448,101450],{"id":101449},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,101452,101453,101455],{},[15,101454,99662],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,101457,54679],{},[35,101459,101461],{"className":37,"code":101460,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,101462,101463,101483,101499,101503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101464,101465,101467,101469,101471,101473,101475,101477,101479,101481],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101466,1095],{"class":50},[44,101468,55],{"class":54},[44,101470,2993],{"class":58},[44,101472,63],{"class":62},[44,101474,66],{"class":58},[44,101476,69],{"class":62},[44,101478,66],{"class":58},[44,101480,74],{"class":62},[44,101482,3006],{"class":58},[44,101484,101485,101487,101489,101491,101493,101495,101497],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,101486,1122],{"class":50},[44,101488,55],{"class":54},[44,101490,2993],{"class":58},[44,101492,1432],{"class":62},[44,101494,66],{"class":58},[44,101496,1827],{"class":62},[44,101498,3006],{"class":58},[44,101500,101501],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,101502,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,101504,101505],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,101506,101507],{"class":3035},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,101509,101510],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[35,101512,101514],{"className":37,"code":101513,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,101515,101516,101536,101552,101556,101582],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101517,101518,101520,101522,101524,101526,101528,101530,101532,101534],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101519,1095],{"class":50},[44,101521,55],{"class":54},[44,101523,2993],{"class":58},[44,101525,63],{"class":62},[44,101527,66],{"class":58},[44,101529,69],{"class":62},[44,101531,66],{"class":58},[44,101533,74],{"class":62},[44,101535,3006],{"class":58},[44,101537,101538,101540,101542,101544,101546,101548,101550],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,101539,1122],{"class":50},[44,101541,55],{"class":54},[44,101543,2993],{"class":58},[44,101545,1432],{"class":62},[44,101547,66],{"class":58},[44,101549,1827],{"class":62},[44,101551,3006],{"class":58},[44,101553,101554],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,101555,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,101557,101558,101560,101562,101564,101566,101568,101570,101572,101574,101576,101578,101580],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,101559,644],{"class":50},[44,101561,55],{"class":54},[44,101563,506],{"class":121},[44,101565,103],{"class":58},[44,101567,167],{"class":89},[44,101569,8005],{"class":58},[44,101571,2181],{"class":89},[44,101573,103],{"class":58},[44,101575,122],{"class":121},[44,101577,103],{"class":58},[44,101579,1164],{"class":89},[44,101581,993],{"class":58},[44,101583,101584,101586,101588,101590],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,101585,100],{"class":99},[44,101587,103],{"class":58},[44,101589,668],{"class":89},[44,101591,108],{"class":58},[20,101593,111],{},[35,101595,101596],{"className":37,"code":99755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,101597,101598],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101599,101600,101602,101604,101606,101608],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101601,550],{"class":58},[44,101603,63],{"class":62},[44,101605,66],{"class":58},[44,101607,69],{"class":62},[44,101609,77],{"class":58},[347,101611,101613],{"id":101612},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,101615,101616],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[35,101618,101620],{"className":37,"code":101619,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,101621,101622,101654,101670,101674],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101623,101624,101626,101628,101630,101632,101634,101636,101638,101640,101642,101644,101646,101648,101650,101652],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101625,1095],{"class":50},[44,101627,55],{"class":54},[44,101629,59],{"class":58},[44,101631,236],{"class":235},[44,101633,36401],{"class":239},[44,101635,236],{"class":235},[44,101637,66],{"class":58},[44,101639,247],{"class":235},[44,101641,57487],{"class":239},[44,101643,236],{"class":235},[44,101645,66],{"class":58},[44,101647,247],{"class":235},[44,101649,57504],{"class":239},[44,101651,236],{"class":235},[44,101653,77],{"class":58},[44,101655,101656,101658,101660,101662,101664,101666,101668],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,101657,1122],{"class":50},[44,101659,55],{"class":54},[44,101661,59],{"class":58},[44,101663,236],{"class":235},[44,101665,57487],{"class":239},[44,101667,236],{"class":235},[44,101669,77],{"class":58},[44,101671,101672],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,101673,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,101675,101676,101678,101680,101682,101684,101686,101688,101690],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,101677,100],{"class":99},[44,101679,103],{"class":58},[44,101681,167],{"class":89},[44,101683,86],{"class":58},[44,101685,2181],{"class":89},[44,101687,103],{"class":58},[44,101689,1164],{"class":89},[44,101691,993],{"class":58},[20,101693,101694],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[347,101696,101698],{"id":101697},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,101700,101701],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[35,101703,101705],{"className":37,"code":101704,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,101706,101707,101735,101747,101751,101761],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101708,101709,101711,101713,101715,101717,101719,101721,101723,101725,101727,101729,101731,101733],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101710,1095],{"class":50},[44,101712,55],{"class":54},[44,101714,59],{"class":58},[44,101716,63],{"class":62},[44,101718,66],{"class":58},[44,101720,4867],{"class":62},[44,101722,66],{"class":58},[44,101724,69],{"class":62},[44,101726,66],{"class":58},[44,101728,69],{"class":62},[44,101730,66],{"class":58},[44,101732,74],{"class":62},[44,101734,77],{"class":58},[44,101736,101737,101739,101741,101743,101745],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,101738,1122],{"class":50},[44,101740,55],{"class":54},[44,101742,59],{"class":58},[44,101744,1432],{"class":62},[44,101746,77],{"class":58},[44,101748,101749],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,101750,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,101752,101753,101755,101757,101759],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,101754,100],{"class":99},[44,101756,103],{"class":58},[44,101758,167],{"class":89},[44,101760,108],{"class":58},[44,101762,101763,101765,101767,101769,101771,101773,101775,101777],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,101764,100],{"class":99},[44,101766,103],{"class":58},[44,101768,167],{"class":89},[44,101770,86],{"class":58},[44,101772,2181],{"class":89},[44,101774,103],{"class":58},[44,101776,1164],{"class":89},[44,101778,993],{"class":58},[20,101780,111],{},[35,101782,101784],{"className":37,"code":101783,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101785,101786,101802],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101787,101788,101790,101792,101794,101796,101798,101800],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101789,550],{"class":58},[44,101791,63],{"class":62},[44,101793,66],{"class":58},[44,101795,69],{"class":62},[44,101797,66],{"class":58},[44,101799,74],{"class":62},[44,101801,77],{"class":58},[44,101803,101804,101806,101808,101810,101812],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,101805,550],{"class":58},[44,101807,63],{"class":62},[44,101809,66],{"class":58},[44,101811,69],{"class":62},[44,101813,77],{"class":58},[20,101815,101816,101817,101819],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,101818,99662],{}," runs.",[347,101821,101823],{"id":101822},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,101825,101826],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[35,101828,101830],{"className":37,"code":101829,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,101831,101832,101856,101876,101880,101890,101900,101918,101940],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101833,101834,101836,101838,101840,101842,101844,101846,101848,101850,101852,101854],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101835,1095],{"class":50},[44,101837,55],{"class":54},[44,101839,59],{"class":58},[44,101841,63],{"class":62},[44,101843,66],{"class":58},[44,101845,69],{"class":62},[44,101847,66],{"class":58},[44,101849,74],{"class":62},[44,101851,66],{"class":58},[44,101853,1827],{"class":62},[44,101855,77],{"class":58},[44,101857,101858,101860,101862,101864,101866,101868,101870,101872,101874],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,101859,1122],{"class":50},[44,101861,55],{"class":54},[44,101863,59],{"class":58},[44,101865,1432],{"class":62},[44,101867,66],{"class":58},[44,101869,1827],{"class":62},[44,101871,66],{"class":58},[44,101873,3975],{"class":62},[44,101875,77],{"class":58},[44,101877,101878],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,101879,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,101881,101882,101884,101886,101888],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,101883,100],{"class":99},[44,101885,103],{"class":58},[44,101887,167],{"class":89},[44,101889,108],{"class":58},[44,101891,101892,101894,101896,101898],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,101893,100],{"class":99},[44,101895,103],{"class":58},[44,101897,1164],{"class":89},[44,101899,108],{"class":58},[44,101901,101902,101904,101906,101908,101910,101912,101914,101916],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,101903,100],{"class":99},[44,101905,103],{"class":58},[44,101907,167],{"class":89},[44,101909,86],{"class":58},[44,101911,2181],{"class":89},[44,101913,103],{"class":58},[44,101915,1164],{"class":89},[44,101917,993],{"class":58},[44,101919,101920,101922,101924,101926,101928,101930,101932,101934,101936,101938],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,101921,100],{"class":99},[44,101923,103],{"class":58},[44,101925,985],{"class":121},[44,101927,103],{"class":58},[44,101929,167],{"class":89},[44,101931,86],{"class":58},[44,101933,2181],{"class":89},[44,101935,103],{"class":58},[44,101937,1164],{"class":89},[44,101939,2283],{"class":58},[44,101941,101942,101944,101946,101948,101950,101952,101954,101956,101958,101960],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,101943,100],{"class":99},[44,101945,103],{"class":58},[44,101947,10529],{"class":99},[44,101949,103],{"class":58},[44,101951,167],{"class":89},[44,101953,86],{"class":58},[44,101955,2181],{"class":89},[44,101957,103],{"class":58},[44,101959,1164],{"class":89},[44,101961,2283],{"class":58},[20,101963,10538],{},[145,101965,101966,101969,101972,101975],{},[148,101967,101968],{},"what is in each set",[148,101970,101971],{},"what result Python creates",[148,101973,101974],{},"that the result is a set",[148,101976,101977],{},"how many items remain",[44275,101979],{},[131,101981,1196],{"id":1195},[347,101983,1212,101985,101987],{"id":101984},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,101986,99662],{}," change the original set?",[20,101989,101990],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[347,101992,1234,101994,342,101996,1239],{"id":101993},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,101995,99662],{},[15,101997,100573],{},[20,101999,102000,102002,102003,102005],{},[15,102001,99662],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102004,100573],{}," modifies the original set.",[347,102007,27677,102009,102011],{"id":102008},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102010,99662],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102013,102014],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[347,102016,102018],{"id":102017},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102020,102021],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44275,102023],{},[131,102025,1251],{"id":1250},[145,102027,102028,102032,102040],{},[148,102029,102030],{},[167,102031,170],{"href":169},[148,102033,102034],{},[167,102035,1268,102037,1272],{"href":102036},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102038,102039],{},"intersection()",[148,102041,102042],{},[167,102043,1268,102045,1272],{"href":102044},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102046,102047],{},"union()",[1294,102049,102050],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":102052},[102053,102054,102056,102057,102058,102059,102061,102066,102068,102076,102085],{"id":2978,"depth":80,"text":2979},{"id":99784,"depth":80,"text":102055},"What difference() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":595,"depth":80,"text":596},{"id":214,"depth":80,"text":215},{"id":100403,"depth":80,"text":102060},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":100568,"depth":80,"text":102062,"children":102063},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102064,102065],{"id":2181,"depth":96,"text":99662},{"id":100721,"depth":96,"text":100573},{"id":100840,"depth":80,"text":102067},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":783,"depth":80,"text":784,"children":102069},[102070,102071,102072,102073,102074,102075],{"id":101110,"depth":96,"text":101111},{"id":101298,"depth":96,"text":101299},{"id":101449,"depth":96,"text":101450},{"id":101612,"depth":96,"text":101613},{"id":101697,"depth":96,"text":101698},{"id":101822,"depth":96,"text":101823},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":102077},[102078,102080,102082,102084],{"id":101984,"depth":96,"text":102079},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":101993,"depth":96,"text":102081},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102008,"depth":96,"text":102083},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102017,"depth":96,"text":102018},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":99654,"description":102086},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102093,"title":102094,"body":102095,"description":103790,"extension":1331,"meta":103791,"navigation":268,"path":103792,"seo":103793,"stem":103794,"__hash__":103795},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102096,"toc":103752},[102097,102103,102109,102122,102124,102225,102227,102272,102277,102282,102286,102300,102303,102311,102313,102332,102350,102354,102407,102409,102430,102437,102442,102469,102476,102575,102577,102614,102622,102626,102632,102635,102708,102710,102718,102723,102792,102794,102819,102821,102824,102927,102929,102990,102993,102997,103003,103076,103078,103111,103114,103117,103157,103163,103186,103191,103195,103206,103209,103211,103215,103221,103223,103280,103290,103292,103345,103352,103357,103425,103433,103439,103443,103445,103484,103489,103538,103542,103545,103547,103586,103589,103591,103596,103653,103655,103669,103671,103675,103681,103686,103691,103698,103709,103715,103720,103722,103749],[10,102098,13,102100,18],{"id":102099},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102101,102102],{},"discard()",[20,102104,102105,102108],{},[15,102106,102107],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102110,102111,102112,1559,102117,601,102119,102121],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[167,102113,102114],{"href":941},[15,102115,102116],{},"set.remove()",[15,102118,102102],{},[30,102120,604],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[131,102123,1372],{"id":1371},[35,102125,102127],{"className":37,"code":102126,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102128,102129,102161,102180,102190,102194,102215],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102130,102131,102133,102135,102137,102139,102141,102143,102145,102147,102149,102151,102153,102155,102157,102159],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102132,228],{"class":50},[44,102134,55],{"class":54},[44,102136,59],{"class":58},[44,102138,236],{"class":235},[44,102140,240],{"class":239},[44,102142,236],{"class":235},[44,102144,66],{"class":58},[44,102146,247],{"class":235},[44,102148,259],{"class":239},[44,102150,236],{"class":235},[44,102152,66],{"class":58},[44,102154,247],{"class":235},[44,102156,250],{"class":239},[44,102158,236],{"class":235},[44,102160,77],{"class":58},[44,102162,102163,102165,102167,102170,102172,102174,102176,102178],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,102164,274],{"class":50},[44,102166,86],{"class":58},[44,102168,102169],{"class":89},"discard",[44,102171,103],{"class":58},[44,102173,236],{"class":235},[44,102175,259],{"class":239},[44,102177,236],{"class":235},[44,102179,108],{"class":58},[44,102181,102182,102184,102186,102188],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,102183,100],{"class":99},[44,102185,103],{"class":58},[44,102187,274],{"class":89},[44,102189,108],{"class":58},[44,102191,102192],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,102193,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,102195,102196,102198,102200,102202,102204,102206,102208,102210,102212],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,102197,274],{"class":50},[44,102199,86],{"class":58},[44,102201,102169],{"class":89},[44,102203,103],{"class":58},[44,102205,236],{"class":235},[44,102207,21871],{"class":239},[44,102209,236],{"class":235},[44,102211,3032],{"class":58},[44,102213,102214],{"class":3035},"  # no error if missing\n",[44,102216,102217,102219,102221,102223],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,102218,100],{"class":99},[44,102220,103],{"class":58},[44,102222,274],{"class":89},[44,102224,108],{"class":58},[20,102226,29378],{},[35,102228,102230],{"className":37,"code":102229,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102231,102232,102252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102233,102234,102236,102238,102240,102242,102244,102246,102248,102250],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102235,550],{"class":58},[44,102237,1018],{"class":235},[44,102239,240],{"class":239},[44,102241,1018],{"class":235},[44,102243,66],{"class":58},[44,102245,1012],{"class":235},[44,102247,250],{"class":239},[44,102249,1018],{"class":235},[44,102251,77],{"class":58},[44,102253,102254,102256,102258,102260,102262,102264,102266,102268,102270],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,102255,550],{"class":58},[44,102257,1018],{"class":235},[44,102259,240],{"class":239},[44,102261,1018],{"class":235},[44,102263,66],{"class":58},[44,102265,1012],{"class":235},[44,102267,250],{"class":239},[44,102269,1018],{"class":235},[44,102271,77],{"class":58},[20,102273,1462,102274,102276],{},[15,102275,102102],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[131,102278,134,102280,137],{"id":102279},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102281,102107],{},[20,102283,102284,2255],{},[15,102285,102102],{},[145,102287,102288,102291,102294,102296],{},[148,102289,102290],{},"Removes one item from a set",[148,102292,102293],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[148,102295,153],{},[148,102297,156,102298],{},[15,102299,159],{},[20,102301,102302],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102304,165,102305,945,102308,86],{},[167,102306,102307],{"href":98039},"what a set is in Python",[167,102309,102310],{"href":591},"how to create a set",[131,102312,175],{"id":174},[35,102314,102316],{"className":37,"code":102315,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102317,102318],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102319,102320,102322,102324,102326,102328,102330],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102321,188],{"class":50},[44,102323,86],{"class":58},[44,102325,102169],{"class":89},[44,102327,103],{"class":58},[44,102329,1843],{"class":89},[44,102331,108],{"class":58},[145,102333,102334,102339,102344,102347],{},[148,102335,102336,102338],{},[15,102337,188],{}," is the set you want to change",[148,102340,102341,102343],{},[15,102342,1843],{}," is the item you want to remove",[148,102345,102346],{},"The set must already exist",[148,102348,102349],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[347,102351,102353],{"id":102352},"example","Example",[35,102355,102357],{"className":37,"code":102356,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,102358,102359,102383,102397],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102360,102361,102363,102365,102367,102369,102371,102373,102375,102377,102379,102381],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102362,51],{"class":50},[44,102364,55],{"class":54},[44,102366,59],{"class":58},[44,102368,63],{"class":62},[44,102370,66],{"class":58},[44,102372,69],{"class":62},[44,102374,66],{"class":58},[44,102376,74],{"class":62},[44,102378,66],{"class":58},[44,102380,1827],{"class":62},[44,102382,77],{"class":58},[44,102384,102385,102387,102389,102391,102393,102395],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,102386,83],{"class":50},[44,102388,86],{"class":58},[44,102390,102169],{"class":89},[44,102392,103],{"class":58},[44,102394,1432],{"class":62},[44,102396,108],{"class":58},[44,102398,102399,102401,102403,102405],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,102400,100],{"class":99},[44,102402,103],{"class":58},[44,102404,83],{"class":89},[44,102406,108],{"class":58},[20,102408,111],{},[35,102410,102412],{"className":37,"code":102411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,102413,102414],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102415,102416,102418,102420,102422,102424,102426,102428],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102417,550],{"class":58},[44,102419,63],{"class":62},[44,102421,66],{"class":58},[44,102423,69],{"class":62},[44,102425,66],{"class":58},[44,102427,1827],{"class":62},[44,102429,77],{"class":58},[131,102431,102433,102434,102436],{"id":102432},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,102435,102102],{}," different",[20,102438,102439,102441],{},[15,102440,102102],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[145,102443,102444,102457,102466],{},[148,102445,102446,102447,1559,102451,102453,102454,102456],{},"Unlike ",[167,102448,102449],{"href":941},[15,102450,944],{},[15,102452,102102],{}," does not raise ",[15,102455,19035],{}," when the item is missing",[148,102458,102446,102459,1559,102463,102465],{},[167,102460,102461],{"href":948},[15,102462,951],{},[15,102464,102102],{}," removes a specific item",[148,102467,102468],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[347,102470,102472,9953,102474],{"id":102471},"discard-vs-remove",[15,102473,102102],{},[15,102475,944],{},[35,102477,102479],{"className":37,"code":102478,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,102480,102481,102505,102509,102530,102540,102544,102565],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102482,102483,102485,102487,102489,102491,102493,102495,102497,102499,102501,102503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102484,362],{"class":50},[44,102486,55],{"class":54},[44,102488,59],{"class":58},[44,102490,236],{"class":235},[44,102492,3450],{"class":239},[44,102494,236],{"class":235},[44,102496,66],{"class":58},[44,102498,247],{"class":235},[44,102500,3459],{"class":239},[44,102502,236],{"class":235},[44,102504,77],{"class":58},[44,102506,102507],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,102508,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,102510,102511,102513,102515,102517,102519,102521,102523,102525,102527],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,102512,397],{"class":50},[44,102514,86],{"class":58},[44,102516,102169],{"class":89},[44,102518,103],{"class":58},[44,102520,236],{"class":235},[44,102522,32571],{"class":239},[44,102524,236],{"class":235},[44,102526,3032],{"class":58},[44,102528,102529],{"class":3035},"   # no error\n",[44,102531,102532,102534,102536,102538],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,102533,100],{"class":99},[44,102535,103],{"class":58},[44,102537,397],{"class":89},[44,102539,108],{"class":58},[44,102541,102542],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,102543,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,102545,102546,102548,102550,102552,102554,102556,102558,102560,102562],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,102547,397],{"class":50},[44,102549,86],{"class":58},[44,102551,34146],{"class":89},[44,102553,103],{"class":58},[44,102555,236],{"class":235},[44,102557,3459],{"class":239},[44,102559,236],{"class":235},[44,102561,3032],{"class":58},[44,102563,102564],{"class":3035},"    # removes existing item\n",[44,102566,102567,102569,102571,102573],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,102568,100],{"class":99},[44,102570,103],{"class":58},[44,102572,397],{"class":89},[44,102574,108],{"class":58},[20,102576,111],{},[35,102578,102580],{"className":37,"code":102579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,102581,102582,102602],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102583,102584,102586,102588,102590,102592,102594,102596,102598,102600],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102585,550],{"class":58},[44,102587,1018],{"class":235},[44,102589,3450],{"class":239},[44,102591,1018],{"class":235},[44,102593,66],{"class":58},[44,102595,1012],{"class":235},[44,102597,3459],{"class":239},[44,102599,1018],{"class":235},[44,102601,77],{"class":58},[44,102603,102604,102606,102608,102610,102612],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,102605,550],{"class":58},[44,102607,1018],{"class":235},[44,102609,3450],{"class":239},[44,102611,1018],{"class":235},[44,102613,77],{"class":58},[20,102615,39699,102616,102618,102619,102621],{},[15,102617,944],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[167,102620,10442],{"href":10441}," for more help with that case.",[131,102623,102625],{"id":102624},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,102627,102628,772,102630,86],{},[15,102629,102102],{},[15,102631,159],{},[20,102633,102634],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[35,102636,102638],{"className":37,"code":102637,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,102639,102640,102672,102694,102698],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102641,102642,102644,102646,102648,102650,102652,102654,102656,102658,102660,102662,102664,102666,102668,102670],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102643,228],{"class":50},[44,102645,55],{"class":54},[44,102647,59],{"class":58},[44,102649,236],{"class":235},[44,102651,240],{"class":239},[44,102653,236],{"class":235},[44,102655,66],{"class":58},[44,102657,247],{"class":235},[44,102659,259],{"class":239},[44,102661,236],{"class":235},[44,102663,66],{"class":58},[44,102665,247],{"class":235},[44,102667,250],{"class":239},[44,102669,236],{"class":235},[44,102671,77],{"class":58},[44,102673,102674,102676,102678,102680,102682,102684,102686,102688,102690,102692],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,102675,644],{"class":50},[44,102677,55],{"class":54},[44,102679,12477],{"class":50},[44,102681,86],{"class":58},[44,102683,102169],{"class":89},[44,102685,103],{"class":58},[44,102687,236],{"class":235},[44,102689,259],{"class":239},[44,102691,236],{"class":235},[44,102693,108],{"class":58},[44,102695,102696],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,102697,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,102699,102700,102702,102704,102706],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,102701,100],{"class":99},[44,102703,103],{"class":58},[44,102705,668],{"class":89},[44,102707,108],{"class":58},[20,102709,111],{},[35,102711,102712],{"className":37,"code":693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,102713,102714],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102715,102716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102717,693],{"class":692},[20,102719,102720,102721,2255],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,102722,274],{},[35,102724,102726],{"className":37,"code":102725,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102727,102728,102760,102778,102782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102729,102730,102732,102734,102736,102738,102740,102742,102744,102746,102748,102750,102752,102754,102756,102758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102731,228],{"class":50},[44,102733,55],{"class":54},[44,102735,59],{"class":58},[44,102737,236],{"class":235},[44,102739,240],{"class":239},[44,102741,236],{"class":235},[44,102743,66],{"class":58},[44,102745,247],{"class":235},[44,102747,259],{"class":239},[44,102749,236],{"class":235},[44,102751,66],{"class":58},[44,102753,247],{"class":235},[44,102755,250],{"class":239},[44,102757,236],{"class":235},[44,102759,77],{"class":58},[44,102761,102762,102764,102766,102768,102770,102772,102774,102776],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,102763,274],{"class":50},[44,102765,86],{"class":58},[44,102767,102169],{"class":89},[44,102769,103],{"class":58},[44,102771,236],{"class":235},[44,102773,259],{"class":239},[44,102775,236],{"class":235},[44,102777,108],{"class":58},[44,102779,102780],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,102781,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,102783,102784,102786,102788,102790],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,102785,100],{"class":99},[44,102787,103],{"class":58},[44,102789,274],{"class":89},[44,102791,108],{"class":58},[20,102793,111],{},[35,102795,102797],{"className":37,"code":102796,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102798,102799],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102800,102801,102803,102805,102807,102809,102811,102813,102815,102817],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102802,550],{"class":58},[44,102804,1018],{"class":235},[44,102806,240],{"class":239},[44,102808,1018],{"class":235},[44,102810,66],{"class":58},[44,102812,1012],{"class":235},[44,102814,250],{"class":239},[44,102816,1018],{"class":235},[44,102818,77],{"class":58},[131,102820,215],{"id":214},[20,102822,102823],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[35,102825,102827],{"className":37,"code":102826,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,102828,102829,102861,102865,102883,102887,102905,102909],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102830,102831,102833,102835,102837,102839,102841,102843,102845,102847,102849,102851,102853,102855,102857,102859],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102832,35592],{"class":50},[44,102834,55],{"class":54},[44,102836,59],{"class":58},[44,102838,236],{"class":235},[44,102840,3450],{"class":239},[44,102842,236],{"class":235},[44,102844,66],{"class":58},[44,102846,247],{"class":235},[44,102848,3459],{"class":239},[44,102850,236],{"class":235},[44,102852,66],{"class":58},[44,102854,247],{"class":235},[44,102856,32571],{"class":239},[44,102858,236],{"class":235},[44,102860,77],{"class":58},[44,102862,102863],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,102864,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,102866,102867,102869,102871,102873,102875,102877,102879,102881],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,102868,100],{"class":99},[44,102870,103],{"class":58},[44,102872,236],{"class":235},[44,102874,10925],{"class":239},[44,102876,236],{"class":235},[44,102878,66],{"class":58},[44,102880,52213],{"class":89},[44,102882,108],{"class":58},[44,102884,102885],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,102886,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,102888,102889,102891,102893,102895,102897,102899,102901,102903],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,102890,35644],{"class":50},[44,102892,86],{"class":58},[44,102894,102169],{"class":89},[44,102896,103],{"class":58},[44,102898,236],{"class":235},[44,102900,3459],{"class":239},[44,102902,236],{"class":235},[44,102904,108],{"class":58},[44,102906,102907],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,102908,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,102910,102911,102913,102915,102917,102919,102921,102923,102925],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,102912,100],{"class":99},[44,102914,103],{"class":58},[44,102916,236],{"class":235},[44,102918,10965],{"class":239},[44,102920,236],{"class":235},[44,102922,66],{"class":58},[44,102924,52213],{"class":89},[44,102926,108],{"class":58},[20,102928,111],{},[35,102930,102932],{"className":37,"code":102931,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,102933,102934,102966],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102935,102936,102938,102940,102942,102944,102946,102948,102950,102952,102954,102956,102958,102960,102962,102964],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102937,10985],{"class":50},[44,102939,2255],{"class":58},[44,102941,59],{"class":58},[44,102943,1018],{"class":235},[44,102945,3459],{"class":239},[44,102947,1018],{"class":235},[44,102949,66],{"class":58},[44,102951,1012],{"class":235},[44,102953,3450],{"class":239},[44,102955,1018],{"class":235},[44,102957,66],{"class":58},[44,102959,1012],{"class":235},[44,102961,32571],{"class":239},[44,102963,1018],{"class":235},[44,102965,77],{"class":58},[44,102967,102968,102970,102972,102974,102976,102978,102980,102982,102984,102986,102988],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,102969,11038],{"class":50},[44,102971,2255],{"class":58},[44,102973,59],{"class":58},[44,102975,1018],{"class":235},[44,102977,3450],{"class":239},[44,102979,1018],{"class":235},[44,102981,66],{"class":58},[44,102983,1012],{"class":235},[44,102985,32571],{"class":239},[44,102987,1018],{"class":235},[44,102989,77],{"class":58},[20,102991,102992],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[131,102994,102996],{"id":102995},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,102998,102999,103000,103002],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103001,102102],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[35,103004,103006],{"className":37,"code":103005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103007,103008,103040,103044,103062,103066],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103009,103010,103012,103014,103016,103018,103020,103022,103024,103026,103028,103030,103032,103034,103036,103038],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103011,35592],{"class":50},[44,103013,55],{"class":54},[44,103015,59],{"class":58},[44,103017,236],{"class":235},[44,103019,3450],{"class":239},[44,103021,236],{"class":235},[44,103023,66],{"class":58},[44,103025,247],{"class":235},[44,103027,3459],{"class":239},[44,103029,236],{"class":235},[44,103031,66],{"class":58},[44,103033,247],{"class":235},[44,103035,32571],{"class":239},[44,103037,236],{"class":235},[44,103039,77],{"class":58},[44,103041,103042],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,103043,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,103045,103046,103048,103050,103052,103054,103056,103058,103060],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,103047,35644],{"class":50},[44,103049,86],{"class":58},[44,103051,102169],{"class":89},[44,103053,103],{"class":58},[44,103055,236],{"class":235},[44,103057,21880],{"class":239},[44,103059,236],{"class":235},[44,103061,108],{"class":58},[44,103063,103064],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,103065,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,103067,103068,103070,103072,103074],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,103069,100],{"class":99},[44,103071,103],{"class":58},[44,103073,35644],{"class":89},[44,103075,108],{"class":58},[20,103077,111],{},[35,103079,103081],{"className":37,"code":103080,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103082,103083],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103084,103085,103087,103089,103091,103093,103095,103097,103099,103101,103103,103105,103107,103109],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103086,550],{"class":58},[44,103088,1018],{"class":235},[44,103090,3459],{"class":239},[44,103092,1018],{"class":235},[44,103094,66],{"class":58},[44,103096,1012],{"class":235},[44,103098,3450],{"class":239},[44,103100,1018],{"class":235},[44,103102,66],{"class":58},[44,103104,1012],{"class":235},[44,103106,32571],{"class":239},[44,103108,1018],{"class":235},[44,103110,77],{"class":58},[20,103112,103113],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103115,103116],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[35,103118,103120],{"className":37,"code":103119,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103121,103122,103138],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103123,103124,103126,103128,103130,103132,103134,103136],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103125,6369],{"class":3245},[44,103127,247],{"class":235},[44,103129,21880],{"class":239},[44,103131,236],{"class":235},[44,103133,20521],{"class":54},[44,103135,52213],{"class":50},[44,103137,5764],{"class":58},[44,103139,103140,103143,103145,103147,103149,103151,103153,103155],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,103141,103142],{"class":50},"    fruits",[44,103144,86],{"class":58},[44,103146,34146],{"class":89},[44,103148,103],{"class":58},[44,103150,236],{"class":235},[44,103152,21880],{"class":239},[44,103154,236],{"class":235},[44,103156,108],{"class":58},[20,103158,103159,103160,103162],{},"With ",[15,103161,102102],{},", you can simply write:",[35,103164,103166],{"className":37,"code":103165,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103167,103168],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103169,103170,103172,103174,103176,103178,103180,103182,103184],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103171,35644],{"class":50},[44,103173,86],{"class":58},[44,103175,102169],{"class":89},[44,103177,103],{"class":58},[44,103179,236],{"class":235},[44,103181,21880],{"class":239},[44,103183,236],{"class":235},[44,103185,108],{"class":58},[131,103187,4331,103189],{"id":103188},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103190,102102],{},[20,103192,1462,103193,9969],{},[15,103194,102102],{},[145,103196,103197,103200,103203],{},[148,103198,103199],{},"Missing values are normal",[148,103201,103202],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[148,103204,103205],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103207,103208],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[131,103210,2200],{"id":2199},[20,103212,7821,103213,86],{},[15,103214,102102],{},[347,103216,923,103218,103220],{"id":103217},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103219,102102],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103222,3895],{},[35,103224,103226],{"className":37,"code":103225,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103227,103228,103248,103266,103270],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103229,103230,103232,103234,103236,103238,103240,103242,103244,103246],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103231,51],{"class":50},[44,103233,55],{"class":54},[44,103235,59],{"class":58},[44,103237,63],{"class":62},[44,103239,66],{"class":58},[44,103241,69],{"class":62},[44,103243,66],{"class":58},[44,103245,74],{"class":62},[44,103247,77],{"class":58},[44,103249,103250,103252,103254,103256,103258,103260,103262,103264],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,103251,51],{"class":50},[44,103253,55],{"class":54},[44,103255,649],{"class":50},[44,103257,86],{"class":58},[44,103259,102169],{"class":89},[44,103261,103],{"class":58},[44,103263,1426],{"class":62},[44,103265,108],{"class":58},[44,103267,103268],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,103269,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,103271,103272,103274,103276,103278],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,103273,100],{"class":99},[44,103275,103],{"class":58},[44,103277,83],{"class":89},[44,103279,108],{"class":58},[20,103281,103282,41512,103284,7975,103286,772,103288,86],{},[15,103283,83],{},[15,103285,159],{},[15,103287,102102],{},[15,103289,159],{},[20,103291,18188],{},[35,103293,103295],{"className":37,"code":103294,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103296,103297,103317,103331,103335],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103298,103299,103301,103303,103305,103307,103309,103311,103313,103315],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103300,51],{"class":50},[44,103302,55],{"class":54},[44,103304,59],{"class":58},[44,103306,63],{"class":62},[44,103308,66],{"class":58},[44,103310,69],{"class":62},[44,103312,66],{"class":58},[44,103314,74],{"class":62},[44,103316,77],{"class":58},[44,103318,103319,103321,103323,103325,103327,103329],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,103320,83],{"class":50},[44,103322,86],{"class":58},[44,103324,102169],{"class":89},[44,103326,103],{"class":58},[44,103328,1426],{"class":62},[44,103330,108],{"class":58},[44,103332,103333],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,103334,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,103336,103337,103339,103341,103343],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,103338,100],{"class":99},[44,103340,103],{"class":58},[44,103342,83],{"class":89},[44,103344,108],{"class":58},[347,103346,36558,103348,8078,103350],{"id":103347},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,103349,102102],{},[15,103351,944],{},[20,103353,103354,103355,86],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,103356,102102],{},[35,103358,103360],{"className":37,"code":103359,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,103361,103362,103394,103415],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103363,103364,103366,103368,103370,103372,103374,103376,103378,103380,103382,103384,103386,103388,103390,103392],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103365,35444],{"class":50},[44,103367,55],{"class":54},[44,103369,59],{"class":58},[44,103371,236],{"class":235},[44,103373,167],{"class":239},[44,103375,236],{"class":235},[44,103377,66],{"class":58},[44,103379,247],{"class":235},[44,103381,1164],{"class":239},[44,103383,236],{"class":235},[44,103385,66],{"class":58},[44,103387,247],{"class":235},[44,103389,9109],{"class":239},[44,103391,236],{"class":235},[44,103393,77],{"class":58},[44,103395,103396,103398,103400,103402,103404,103406,103408,103410,103412],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,103397,35497],{"class":50},[44,103399,86],{"class":58},[44,103401,102169],{"class":89},[44,103403,103],{"class":58},[44,103405,236],{"class":235},[44,103407,21425],{"class":239},[44,103409,236],{"class":235},[44,103411,3032],{"class":58},[44,103413,103414],{"class":3035},"   # safe\n",[44,103416,103417,103419,103421,103423],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,103418,100],{"class":99},[44,103420,103],{"class":58},[44,103422,35497],{"class":89},[44,103424,108],{"class":58},[20,103426,103427,103428,45267,103431,86],{},"If you use ",[15,103429,103430],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,103432,19035],{},[347,103434,24965,103436,103438],{"id":103435},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,103437,102102],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,103440,103441,101455],{},[15,103442,102102],{},[20,103444,798],{},[35,103446,103448],{"className":37,"code":103447,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,103449,103450,103470],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103451,103452,103454,103456,103458,103460,103462,103464,103466,103468],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103453,362],{"class":50},[44,103455,55],{"class":54},[44,103457,2993],{"class":58},[44,103459,63],{"class":62},[44,103461,66],{"class":58},[44,103463,69],{"class":62},[44,103465,66],{"class":58},[44,103467,74],{"class":62},[44,103469,3006],{"class":58},[44,103471,103472,103474,103476,103478,103480,103482],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,103473,397],{"class":50},[44,103475,86],{"class":58},[44,103477,102169],{"class":89},[44,103479,103],{"class":58},[44,103481,1426],{"class":62},[44,103483,108],{"class":58},[20,103485,103486,103487,2255],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,103488,102102],{},[35,103490,103492],{"className":37,"code":103491,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,103493,103494,103514,103528],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103495,103496,103498,103500,103502,103504,103506,103508,103510,103512],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103497,362],{"class":50},[44,103499,55],{"class":54},[44,103501,59],{"class":58},[44,103503,63],{"class":62},[44,103505,66],{"class":58},[44,103507,69],{"class":62},[44,103509,66],{"class":58},[44,103511,74],{"class":62},[44,103513,77],{"class":58},[44,103515,103516,103518,103520,103522,103524,103526],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,103517,397],{"class":50},[44,103519,86],{"class":58},[44,103521,102169],{"class":89},[44,103523,103],{"class":58},[44,103525,1426],{"class":62},[44,103527,108],{"class":58},[44,103529,103530,103532,103534,103536],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,103531,100],{"class":99},[44,103533,103],{"class":58},[44,103535,397],{"class":89},[44,103537,108],{"class":58},[347,103539,103541],{"id":103540},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,103543,103544],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,103546,2207],{},[35,103548,103550],{"className":37,"code":103549,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,103551,103552,103572],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103553,103554,103556,103558,103560,103562,103564,103566,103568,103570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103555,8536],{"class":50},[44,103557,55],{"class":54},[44,103559,59],{"class":58},[44,103561,63],{"class":62},[44,103563,66],{"class":58},[44,103565,69],{"class":62},[44,103567,66],{"class":58},[44,103569,74],{"class":62},[44,103571,77],{"class":58},[44,103573,103574,103576,103578,103580,103582,103584],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,103575,8575],{"class":50},[44,103577,86],{"class":58},[44,103579,102169],{"class":89},[44,103581,2357],{"class":58},[44,103583,1426],{"class":62},[44,103585,3258],{"class":58},[20,103587,103588],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[131,103590,8242],{"id":8241},[20,103592,8245,103593,103595],{},[15,103594,102102],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[35,103597,103599],{"className":37,"code":103598,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,103600,103601,103611,103625,103639],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103602,103603,103605,103607,103609],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103604,100],{"class":99},[44,103606,103],{"class":58},[44,103608,188],{"class":89},[44,103610,108],{"class":58},[44,103612,103613,103615,103617,103619,103621,103623],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,103614,100],{"class":99},[44,103616,103],{"class":58},[44,103618,985],{"class":121},[44,103620,103],{"class":58},[44,103622,188],{"class":89},[44,103624,993],{"class":58},[44,103626,103627,103629,103631,103633,103635,103637],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,103628,100],{"class":99},[44,103630,103],{"class":58},[44,103632,1817],{"class":89},[44,103634,3252],{"class":3245},[44,103636,833],{"class":89},[44,103638,108],{"class":58},[44,103640,103641,103643,103645,103647,103649,103651],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,103642,31502],{"class":99},[44,103644,103],{"class":58},[44,103646,122],{"class":121},[44,103648,86],{"class":58},[44,103650,102169],{"class":24098},[44,103652,108],{"class":58},[20,103654,10538],{},[145,103656,103657,103660,103663,103666],{},[148,103658,103659],{},"What is currently in the set",[148,103661,103662],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[148,103664,103665],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[148,103667,103668],{},"How Python documents the method",[131,103670,1196],{"id":1195},[347,103672,103674],{"id":103673},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,103676,103677,103678,103680],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,103679,102102],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[347,103682,1200,103684,12073],{"id":103683},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,103685,102107],{},[20,103687,608,103688,103690],{},[15,103689,159],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[347,103692,1234,103694,342,103696,1239],{"id":103693},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,103695,102102],{},[15,103697,944],{},[20,103699,103700,103701,25886,103703,103705,103706,103708],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,103702,944],{},[15,103704,19035],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,103707,102102],{}," does not.",[347,103710,27677,103712,103714],{"id":103711},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,103713,102102],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,103716,45724,103717,103719],{},[15,103718,102102],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[131,103721,1251],{"id":1250},[145,103723,103724,103730,103736,103741,103745],{},[148,103725,103726],{},[167,103727,1268,103728,1272],{"href":941},[15,103729,944],{},[148,103731,103732],{},[167,103733,1268,103734,1272],{"href":948},[15,103735,951],{},[148,103737,103738],{},[167,103739,103740],{"href":591},"Python set: creating a set",[148,103742,103743],{},[167,103744,99597],{"href":98039},[148,103746,103747],{},[167,103748,10630],{"href":10441},[1294,103750,103751],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":103753},[103754,103755,103757,103760,103765,103766,103767,103768,103770,103779,103780,103789],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":102279,"depth":80,"text":103756},"What set.discard() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175,"children":103758},[103759],{"id":102352,"depth":96,"text":102353},{"id":102432,"depth":80,"text":103761,"children":103762},"What makes discard() different",[103763],{"id":102471,"depth":96,"text":103764},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":102624,"depth":80,"text":102625},{"id":214,"depth":80,"text":215},{"id":102995,"depth":80,"text":102996},{"id":103188,"depth":80,"text":103769},"When to use discard()",{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200,"children":103771},[103772,103774,103776,103778],{"id":103217,"depth":96,"text":103773},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103347,"depth":96,"text":103775},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103435,"depth":96,"text":103777},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":103540,"depth":96,"text":103541},{"id":8241,"depth":80,"text":8242},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":103781},[103782,103783,103785,103787],{"id":103673,"depth":96,"text":103674},{"id":103683,"depth":96,"text":103784},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":103693,"depth":96,"text":103786},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":103711,"depth":96,"text":103788},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102094,"description":103790},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":103797,"title":103798,"body":103799,"description":105805,"extension":1331,"meta":105806,"navigation":268,"path":105807,"seo":105808,"stem":105809,"__hash__":105810},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":103800,"toc":105763},[103801,103804,103812,103817,103828,103830,103885,103889,103909,103914,103918,103923,103925,103939,103941,104016,104018,104051,104056,104061,104063,104065,104080,104083,104091,104096,104111,104113,104202,104204,104293,104299,104303,104305,104343,104345,104369,104372,104387,104389,104444,104446,104479,104481,104486,104490,104494,104499,104564,104566,104586,104592,104596,104653,104655,104676,104680,104685,104730,104732,104765,104768,104772,104805,104807,104836,104840,104844,104847,104849,104868,104870,104916,104921,104935,104937,104968,104973,104976,105020,105022,105050,105054,105058,105074,105077,105142,105144,105156,105159,105163,105166,105171,105199,105201,105219,105225,105264,105266,105284,105290,105319,105321,105339,105342,105359,105361,105366,105370,105373,105399,105406,105411,105426,105435,105439,105442,105473,105479,105482,105491,105494,105496,105498,105556,105559,105584,105586,105590,105593,105597,105605,105609,105612,105616,105619,105621,105644,105646,105687,105694,105702,105705,105736,105738,105760],[10,103802,103798],{"id":103803},"python-set-function-explained",[20,103805,8493,103806,103808,103809,86],{},[15,103807,330],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[30,103810,103811],{},"unique values only",[20,103813,34758,103814,103816],{},[15,103815,330],{}," to:",[145,103818,103819,103822,103825],{},[148,103820,103821],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[148,103823,103824],{},"check whether a value exists",[148,103826,103827],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[131,103829,1372],{"id":1371},[35,103831,103833],{"className":37,"code":103832,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,103834,103835,103859,103874],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103836,103837,103839,103841,103843,103845,103847,103849,103851,103853,103855,103857],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103838,51],{"class":50},[44,103840,55],{"class":54},[44,103842,2993],{"class":58},[44,103844,63],{"class":62},[44,103846,66],{"class":58},[44,103848,69],{"class":62},[44,103850,66],{"class":58},[44,103852,69],{"class":62},[44,103854,66],{"class":58},[44,103856,74],{"class":62},[44,103858,3006],{"class":58},[44,103860,103861,103864,103866,103868,103870,103872],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,103862,103863],{"class":50},"unique_numbers ",[44,103865,55],{"class":54},[44,103867,506],{"class":121},[44,103869,103],{"class":58},[44,103871,83],{"class":89},[44,103873,108],{"class":58},[44,103875,103876,103878,103880,103883],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,103877,100],{"class":99},[44,103879,103],{"class":58},[44,103881,103882],{"class":89},"unique_numbers",[44,103884,108],{"class":58},[20,103886,103887],{},[30,103888,111],{},[35,103890,103891],{"className":37,"code":95964,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,103892,103893],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103894,103895,103897,103899,103901,103903,103905,103907],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103896,550],{"class":58},[44,103898,63],{"class":62},[44,103900,66],{"class":58},[44,103902,69],{"class":62},[44,103904,66],{"class":58},[44,103906,74],{"class":62},[44,103908,77],{"class":58},[20,103910,1462,103911,103913],{},[15,103912,330],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[131,103915,103917],{"id":103916},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,103919,103920,103922],{},[15,103921,330],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,103924,29889],{},[145,103926,103927,103930,103933,103936],{},[148,103928,103929],{},"A set stores unique items only",[148,103931,103932],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[148,103934,103935],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[148,103937,103938],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,103940,1578],{},[35,103942,103944],{"className":37,"code":103943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,103945,103946,103986,104001,104005],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103947,103948,103950,103952,103954,103956,103958,103960,103962,103964,103966,103968,103970,103972,103974,103976,103978,103980,103982,103984],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103949,228],{"class":50},[44,103951,55],{"class":54},[44,103953,2993],{"class":58},[44,103955,236],{"class":235},[44,103957,240],{"class":239},[44,103959,236],{"class":235},[44,103961,66],{"class":58},[44,103963,247],{"class":235},[44,103965,259],{"class":239},[44,103967,236],{"class":235},[44,103969,66],{"class":58},[44,103971,247],{"class":235},[44,103973,240],{"class":239},[44,103975,236],{"class":235},[44,103977,66],{"class":58},[44,103979,247],{"class":235},[44,103981,250],{"class":239},[44,103983,236],{"class":235},[44,103985,3006],{"class":58},[44,103987,103988,103991,103993,103995,103997,103999],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,103989,103990],{"class":50},"unique_colors ",[44,103992,55],{"class":54},[44,103994,506],{"class":121},[44,103996,103],{"class":58},[44,103998,274],{"class":89},[44,104000,108],{"class":58},[44,104002,104003],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,104004,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,104006,104007,104009,104011,104014],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,104008,100],{"class":99},[44,104010,103],{"class":58},[44,104012,104013],{"class":89},"unique_colors",[44,104015,108],{"class":58},[20,104017,29378],{},[35,104019,104021],{"className":37,"code":104020,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104022,104023],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104024,104025,104027,104029,104031,104033,104035,104037,104039,104041,104043,104045,104047,104049],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104026,550],{"class":58},[44,104028,1018],{"class":235},[44,104030,259],{"class":239},[44,104032,1018],{"class":235},[44,104034,66],{"class":58},[44,104036,1012],{"class":235},[44,104038,250],{"class":239},[44,104040,1018],{"class":235},[44,104042,66],{"class":58},[44,104044,1012],{"class":235},[44,104046,240],{"class":239},[44,104048,1018],{"class":235},[44,104050,77],{"class":58},[20,104052,1656,104053,104055],{},[15,104054,64754],{}," appears only once.",[20,104057,104058,104059,86],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[167,104060,170],{"href":95686},[131,104062,175],{"id":174},[20,104064,1530],{},[35,104066,104068],{"className":37,"code":104067,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104069,104070],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104071,104072,104074,104076,104078],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104073,122],{"class":121},[44,104075,103],{"class":58},[44,104077,3091],{"class":89},[44,104079,108],{"class":58},[20,104081,104082],{},"The argument is optional.",[145,104084,104085,104088],{},[148,104086,104087],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[148,104089,104090],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104092,104093,104094,2255],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104095,330],{},[145,104097,104098,104100,104102,104104,104108],{},[148,104099,7467],{},[148,104101,48313],{},[148,104103,60535],{},[148,104105,104106],{},[15,104107,35551],{},[148,104109,104110],{},"another set",[20,104112,1496],{},[35,104114,104116],{"className":37,"code":104115,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104117,104118,104144,104166,104184],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104119,104120,104122,104124,104126,104128,104130,104132,104134,104136,104138,104140,104142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104121,100],{"class":99},[44,104123,103],{"class":58},[44,104125,122],{"class":121},[44,104127,2357],{"class":58},[44,104129,63],{"class":62},[44,104131,66],{"class":58},[44,104133,69],{"class":62},[44,104135,66],{"class":58},[44,104137,69],{"class":62},[44,104139,66],{"class":58},[44,104141,74],{"class":62},[44,104143,2370],{"class":58},[44,104145,104146,104148,104150,104152,104154,104156,104158,104160,104162,104164],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,104147,100],{"class":99},[44,104149,103],{"class":58},[44,104151,122],{"class":121},[44,104153,4880],{"class":58},[44,104155,1701],{"class":62},[44,104157,66],{"class":58},[44,104159,7163],{"class":62},[44,104161,66],{"class":58},[44,104163,5375],{"class":62},[44,104165,2283],{"class":58},[44,104167,104168,104170,104172,104174,104176,104178,104180,104182],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,104169,100],{"class":99},[44,104171,103],{"class":58},[44,104173,122],{"class":121},[44,104175,103],{"class":58},[44,104177,236],{"class":235},[44,104179,3214],{"class":239},[44,104181,236],{"class":235},[44,104183,993],{"class":58},[44,104185,104186,104188,104190,104192,104194,104196,104198,104200],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,104187,100],{"class":99},[44,104189,103],{"class":58},[44,104191,122],{"class":121},[44,104193,103],{"class":58},[44,104195,59359],{"class":99},[44,104197,103],{"class":58},[44,104199,1875],{"class":62},[44,104201,2283],{"class":58},[20,104203,29378],{},[35,104205,104207],{"className":37,"code":104206,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104208,104209,104225,104237,104273],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104210,104211,104213,104215,104217,104219,104221,104223],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104212,550],{"class":58},[44,104214,63],{"class":62},[44,104216,66],{"class":58},[44,104218,69],{"class":62},[44,104220,66],{"class":58},[44,104222,74],{"class":62},[44,104224,77],{"class":58},[44,104226,104227,104229,104231,104233,104235],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,104228,550],{"class":58},[44,104230,1701],{"class":62},[44,104232,66],{"class":58},[44,104234,7163],{"class":62},[44,104236,77],{"class":58},[44,104238,104239,104241,104243,104245,104247,104249,104251,104253,104255,104257,104259,104261,104263,104265,104267,104269,104271],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,104240,550],{"class":58},[44,104242,1018],{"class":235},[44,104244,59799],{"class":239},[44,104246,1018],{"class":235},[44,104248,66],{"class":58},[44,104250,1012],{"class":235},[44,104252,59808],{"class":239},[44,104254,1018],{"class":235},[44,104256,66],{"class":58},[44,104258,1012],{"class":235},[44,104260,59817],{"class":239},[44,104262,1018],{"class":235},[44,104264,66],{"class":58},[44,104266,1012],{"class":235},[44,104268,59834],{"class":239},[44,104270,1018],{"class":235},[44,104272,77],{"class":58},[44,104274,104275,104277,104279,104281,104283,104285,104287,104289,104291],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,104276,550],{"class":58},[44,104278,1490],{"class":62},[44,104280,66],{"class":58},[44,104282,4867],{"class":62},[44,104284,66],{"class":58},[44,104286,69],{"class":62},[44,104288,66],{"class":58},[44,104290,74],{"class":62},[44,104292,77],{"class":58},[20,104294,104295,104296,86],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[167,104297,104298],{"href":64209},"Python list() function explained",[131,104300,104302],{"id":104301},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104304,1029],{},[35,104306,104307],{"className":37,"code":98493,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,104308,104309,104319,104329],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104310,104311,104313,104315,104317],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104312,1039],{"class":50},[44,104314,55],{"class":54},[44,104316,506],{"class":121},[44,104318,93],{"class":58},[44,104320,104321,104323,104325,104327],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,104322,100],{"class":99},[44,104324,103],{"class":58},[44,104326,1058],{"class":89},[44,104328,108],{"class":58},[44,104330,104331,104333,104335,104337,104339,104341],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,104332,100],{"class":99},[44,104334,103],{"class":58},[44,104336,985],{"class":121},[44,104338,103],{"class":58},[44,104340,1058],{"class":89},[44,104342,993],{"class":58},[20,104344,111],{},[35,104346,104347],{"className":37,"code":98536,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,104348,104349,104355],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104350,104351,104353],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104352,122],{"class":121},[44,104354,93],{"class":58},[44,104356,104357,104359,104361,104363,104365,104367],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,104358,1005],{"class":54},[44,104360,1009],{"class":1008},[44,104362,1012],{"class":235},[44,104364,122],{"class":239},[44,104366,1018],{"class":235},[44,104368,1021],{"class":54},[20,104370,104371],{},"This is important because:",[145,104373,104374,104379],{},[148,104375,104376,104378],{},[15,104377,330],{}," creates an empty set",[148,104380,104381,104383,104384,104386],{},[15,104382,957],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[30,104385,604],{}," a set",[20,104388,1578],{},[35,104390,104392],{"className":37,"code":104391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,104393,104394,104404,104412,104416,104430],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104395,104396,104398,104400,104402],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104397,1095],{"class":50},[44,104399,55],{"class":54},[44,104401,506],{"class":121},[44,104403,93],{"class":58},[44,104405,104406,104408,104410],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,104407,1122],{"class":50},[44,104409,55],{"class":54},[44,104411,976],{"class":58},[44,104413,104414],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,104415,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,104417,104418,104420,104422,104424,104426,104428],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,104419,100],{"class":99},[44,104421,103],{"class":58},[44,104423,985],{"class":121},[44,104425,103],{"class":58},[44,104427,167],{"class":89},[44,104429,993],{"class":58},[44,104431,104432,104434,104436,104438,104440,104442],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,104433,100],{"class":99},[44,104435,103],{"class":58},[44,104437,985],{"class":121},[44,104439,103],{"class":58},[44,104441,1164],{"class":89},[44,104443,993],{"class":58},[20,104445,111],{},[35,104447,104449],{"className":37,"code":104448,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,104450,104451,104465],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104452,104453,104455,104457,104459,104461,104463],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104454,1005],{"class":54},[44,104456,1009],{"class":1008},[44,104458,1012],{"class":235},[44,104460,122],{"class":239},[44,104462,1018],{"class":235},[44,104464,1021],{"class":54},[44,104466,104467,104469,104471,104473,104475,104477],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,104468,1005],{"class":54},[44,104470,1009],{"class":1008},[44,104472,1012],{"class":235},[44,104474,1015],{"class":239},[44,104476,1018],{"class":235},[44,104478,1021],{"class":54},[20,104480,13403],{},[20,104482,104483,104484,86],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[167,104485,103740],{"href":95689},[131,104487,104489],{"id":104488},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[347,104491,104493],{"id":104492},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,104495,104496,104497,86],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,104498,330],{},[35,104500,104502],{"className":37,"code":104501,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104503,104504,104536,104550,104554],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104505,104506,104508,104510,104512,104514,104516,104518,104520,104522,104524,104526,104528,104530,104532,104534],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104507,51],{"class":50},[44,104509,55],{"class":54},[44,104511,2993],{"class":58},[44,104513,63],{"class":62},[44,104515,66],{"class":58},[44,104517,69],{"class":62},[44,104519,66],{"class":58},[44,104521,69],{"class":62},[44,104523,66],{"class":58},[44,104525,74],{"class":62},[44,104527,66],{"class":58},[44,104529,74],{"class":62},[44,104531,66],{"class":58},[44,104533,74],{"class":62},[44,104535,3006],{"class":58},[44,104537,104538,104540,104542,104544,104546,104548],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,104539,644],{"class":50},[44,104541,55],{"class":54},[44,104543,506],{"class":121},[44,104545,103],{"class":58},[44,104547,83],{"class":89},[44,104549,108],{"class":58},[44,104551,104552],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,104553,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,104555,104556,104558,104560,104562],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,104557,100],{"class":99},[44,104559,103],{"class":58},[44,104561,668],{"class":89},[44,104563,108],{"class":58},[20,104565,111],{},[35,104567,104568],{"className":37,"code":95964,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,104569,104570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104571,104572,104574,104576,104578,104580,104582,104584],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104573,550],{"class":58},[44,104575,63],{"class":62},[44,104577,66],{"class":58},[44,104579,69],{"class":62},[44,104581,66],{"class":58},[44,104583,74],{"class":62},[44,104585,77],{"class":58},[20,104587,104588,104589,86],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[167,104590,98326],{"href":104591},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[347,104593,104595],{"id":104594},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[35,104597,104599],{"className":37,"code":104598,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104600,104601,104625,104639,104643],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104602,104603,104605,104607,104609,104611,104613,104615,104617,104619,104621,104623],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104604,3191],{"class":50},[44,104606,55],{"class":54},[44,104608,8607],{"class":58},[44,104610,1507],{"class":62},[44,104612,66],{"class":58},[44,104614,3975],{"class":62},[44,104616,66],{"class":58},[44,104618,5375],{"class":62},[44,104620,66],{"class":58},[44,104622,37291],{"class":62},[44,104624,108],{"class":58},[44,104626,104627,104629,104631,104633,104635,104637],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,104628,644],{"class":50},[44,104630,55],{"class":54},[44,104632,506],{"class":121},[44,104634,103],{"class":58},[44,104636,4727],{"class":89},[44,104638,108],{"class":58},[44,104640,104641],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,104642,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,104644,104645,104647,104649,104651],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,104646,100],{"class":99},[44,104648,103],{"class":58},[44,104650,668],{"class":89},[44,104652,108],{"class":58},[20,104654,111],{},[35,104656,104658],{"className":37,"code":104657,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,104659,104660],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104661,104662,104664,104666,104668,104670,104672,104674],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104663,550],{"class":58},[44,104665,1507],{"class":62},[44,104667,66],{"class":58},[44,104669,5375],{"class":62},[44,104671,66],{"class":58},[44,104673,37291],{"class":62},[44,104675,77],{"class":58},[347,104677,104679],{"id":104678},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,104681,50488,104682,104684],{},[15,104683,330],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[35,104686,104688],{"className":37,"code":104687,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104689,104690,104702,104716,104720],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104691,104692,104694,104696,104698,104700],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104693,34039],{"class":50},[44,104695,55],{"class":54},[44,104697,247],{"class":235},[44,104699,3459],{"class":239},[44,104701,2727],{"class":235},[44,104703,104704,104706,104708,104710,104712,104714],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,104705,644],{"class":50},[44,104707,55],{"class":54},[44,104709,506],{"class":121},[44,104711,103],{"class":58},[44,104713,34060],{"class":89},[44,104715,108],{"class":58},[44,104717,104718],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,104719,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,104721,104722,104724,104726,104728],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,104723,100],{"class":99},[44,104725,103],{"class":58},[44,104727,668],{"class":89},[44,104729,108],{"class":58},[20,104731,29378],{},[35,104733,104735],{"className":37,"code":104734,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,104736,104737],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104738,104739,104741,104743,104745,104747,104749,104751,104753,104755,104757,104759,104761,104763],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104740,550],{"class":58},[44,104742,1018],{"class":235},[44,104744,1164],{"class":239},[44,104746,1018],{"class":235},[44,104748,66],{"class":58},[44,104750,1012],{"class":235},[44,104752,167],{"class":239},[44,104754,1018],{"class":235},[44,104756,66],{"class":58},[44,104758,1012],{"class":235},[44,104760,75391],{"class":239},[44,104762,1018],{"class":235},[44,104764,77],{"class":58},[20,104766,104767],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[347,104769,104771],{"id":104770},"from-range","From range()",[35,104773,104775],{"className":37,"code":104774,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,104776,104777,104795],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104778,104779,104781,104783,104785,104787,104789,104791,104793],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104780,644],{"class":50},[44,104782,55],{"class":54},[44,104784,506],{"class":121},[44,104786,103],{"class":58},[44,104788,59359],{"class":99},[44,104790,103],{"class":58},[44,104792,1507],{"class":62},[44,104794,993],{"class":58},[44,104796,104797,104799,104801,104803],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,104798,100],{"class":99},[44,104800,103],{"class":58},[44,104802,668],{"class":89},[44,104804,108],{"class":58},[20,104806,111],{},[35,104808,104810],{"className":37,"code":104809,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,104811,104812],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104813,104814,104816,104818,104820,104822,104824,104826,104828,104830,104832,104834],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104815,550],{"class":58},[44,104817,1490],{"class":62},[44,104819,66],{"class":58},[44,104821,4867],{"class":62},[44,104823,66],{"class":58},[44,104825,69],{"class":62},[44,104827,66],{"class":58},[44,104829,74],{"class":62},[44,104831,66],{"class":58},[44,104833,1827],{"class":62},[44,104835,77],{"class":58},[131,104837,104839],{"id":104838},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,104841,98773,104842,86],{},[30,104843,95728],{},[20,104845,104846],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,104848,98779],{},[145,104850,104851,104855,104859,104863],{},[148,104852,104853],{},[15,104854,1558],{},[148,104856,104857],{},[15,104858,2812],{},[148,104860,104861],{},[15,104862,1562],{},[148,104864,104865,104867],{},[15,104866,48313],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,104869,1578],{},[35,104871,104873],{"className":37,"code":104872,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,104874,104875,104906],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104876,104877,104879,104881,104883,104885,104887,104889,104891,104893,104895,104897,104899,104901,104903],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104878,362],{"class":50},[44,104880,55],{"class":54},[44,104882,59],{"class":58},[44,104884,63],{"class":62},[44,104886,66],{"class":58},[44,104888,247],{"class":235},[44,104890,3214],{"class":239},[44,104892,236],{"class":235},[44,104894,66],{"class":58},[44,104896,8607],{"class":58},[44,104898,1701],{"class":62},[44,104900,66],{"class":58},[44,104902,7163],{"class":62},[44,104904,104905],{"class":58},")}\n",[44,104907,104908,104910,104912,104914],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,104909,100],{"class":99},[44,104911,103],{"class":58},[44,104913,397],{"class":89},[44,104915,108],{"class":58},[20,104917,98841,104918,104920],{},[30,104919,604],{}," work inside a set:",[145,104922,104923,104927,104931],{},[148,104924,104925],{},[15,104926,7467],{},[148,104928,104929],{},[15,104930,1015],{},[148,104932,104933],{},[15,104934,122],{},[20,104936,96451],{},[35,104938,104940],{"className":37,"code":104939,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,104941,104942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104943,104944,104946,104948,104950,104952,104954,104956,104958,104960,104962,104964,104966],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104945,98860],{"class":50},[44,104947,55],{"class":54},[44,104949,98865],{"class":58},[44,104951,63],{"class":62},[44,104953,66],{"class":58},[44,104955,69],{"class":62},[44,104957,17409],{"class":58},[44,104959,2993],{"class":58},[44,104961,1432],{"class":62},[44,104963,66],{"class":58},[44,104965,1827],{"class":62},[44,104967,13060],{"class":58},[20,104969,76219,104970,104972],{},[15,104971,2376],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,104974,104975],{},"A safer example:",[35,104977,104979],{"className":37,"code":104978,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,104980,104981,105009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104982,104983,104986,104988,104991,104993,104995,104997,104999,105001,105003,105005,105007],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104984,104985],{"class":50},"good_set ",[44,104987,55],{"class":54},[44,104989,104990],{"class":58}," {(",[44,104992,63],{"class":62},[44,104994,66],{"class":58},[44,104996,69],{"class":62},[44,104998,8604],{"class":58},[44,105000,8607],{"class":58},[44,105002,1432],{"class":62},[44,105004,66],{"class":58},[44,105006,1827],{"class":62},[44,105008,104905],{"class":58},[44,105010,105011,105013,105015,105018],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,105012,100],{"class":99},[44,105014,103],{"class":58},[44,105016,105017],{"class":89},"good_set",[44,105019,108],{"class":58},[20,105021,111],{},[35,105023,105025],{"className":37,"code":105024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105026,105027],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105028,105029,105032,105034,105036,105038,105040,105042,105044,105046,105048],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105030,105031],{"class":58},"{(",[44,105033,63],{"class":62},[44,105035,66],{"class":58},[44,105037,69],{"class":62},[44,105039,8604],{"class":58},[44,105041,8607],{"class":58},[44,105043,1432],{"class":62},[44,105045,66],{"class":58},[44,105047,1827],{"class":62},[44,105049,104905],{"class":58},[131,105051,105053],{"id":105052},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105055,1462,105056,9969],{},[15,105057,330],{},[145,105059,105060,105063,105068,105071],{},[148,105061,105062],{},"you need unique values only",[148,105064,105065,105066],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105067,3252],{},[148,105069,105070],{},"order does not matter",[148,105072,105073],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105075,105076],{},"Example of membership checking:",[35,105078,105080],{"className":37,"code":105079,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105081,105082,105107,105111,105127],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105083,105084,105087,105089,105091,105093,105095,105097,105100,105102,105105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105085,105086],{"class":50},"allowed_ids ",[44,105088,55],{"class":54},[44,105090,506],{"class":121},[44,105092,2357],{"class":58},[44,105094,45951],{"class":62},[44,105096,66],{"class":58},[44,105098,105099],{"class":62}," 102",[44,105101,66],{"class":58},[44,105103,105104],{"class":62}," 103",[44,105106,3258],{"class":58},[44,105108,105109],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,105110,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,105112,105113,105115,105117,105120,105122,105125],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,105114,100],{"class":99},[44,105116,103],{"class":58},[44,105118,105119],{"class":62},"102",[44,105121,20521],{"class":3245},[44,105123,105124],{"class":89}," allowed_ids",[44,105126,108],{"class":58},[44,105128,105129,105131,105133,105136,105138,105140],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,105130,100],{"class":99},[44,105132,103],{"class":58},[44,105134,105135],{"class":62},"999",[44,105137,20521],{"class":3245},[44,105139,105124],{"class":89},[44,105141,108],{"class":58},[20,105143,111],{},[35,105145,105146],{"className":37,"code":43532,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105147,105148,105152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105149,105150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105151,3350],{"class":692},[44,105153,105154],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,105155,3411],{"class":692},[20,105157,105158],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[131,105160,105162],{"id":105161},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105164,105165],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[347,105167,1462,105169,958],{"id":105168},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105170,330],{},[35,105172,105173],{"className":37,"code":1032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105174,105175,105185],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105176,105177,105179,105181,105183],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105178,1039],{"class":50},[44,105180,55],{"class":54},[44,105182,506],{"class":121},[44,105184,93],{"class":58},[44,105186,105187,105189,105191,105193,105195,105197],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,105188,100],{"class":99},[44,105190,103],{"class":58},[44,105192,985],{"class":121},[44,105194,103],{"class":58},[44,105196,1058],{"class":89},[44,105198,993],{"class":58},[20,105200,111],{},[35,105202,105203],{"className":37,"code":1065,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105204,105205],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105206,105207,105209,105211,105213,105215,105217],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105208,1005],{"class":54},[44,105210,1009],{"class":1008},[44,105212,1012],{"class":235},[44,105214,122],{"class":239},[44,105216,1018],{"class":235},[44,105218,1021],{"class":54},[347,105220,1462,105222,105224],{"id":105221},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105223,99530],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[35,105226,105228],{"className":37,"code":105227,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105229,105230,105250],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105231,105232,105234,105236,105238,105240,105242,105244,105246,105248],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105233,51],{"class":50},[44,105235,55],{"class":54},[44,105237,59],{"class":58},[44,105239,63],{"class":62},[44,105241,66],{"class":58},[44,105243,69],{"class":62},[44,105245,66],{"class":58},[44,105247,74],{"class":62},[44,105249,77],{"class":58},[44,105251,105252,105254,105256,105258,105260,105262],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,105253,100],{"class":99},[44,105255,103],{"class":58},[44,105257,985],{"class":121},[44,105259,103],{"class":58},[44,105261,83],{"class":89},[44,105263,993],{"class":58},[20,105265,111],{},[35,105267,105268],{"className":37,"code":1065,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105269,105270],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105271,105272,105274,105276,105278,105280,105282],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105273,1005],{"class":54},[44,105275,1009],{"class":1008},[44,105277,1012],{"class":235},[44,105279,122],{"class":239},[44,105281,1018],{"class":235},[44,105283,1021],{"class":54},[347,105285,1462,105287,105289],{"id":105286},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105288,957],{}," for an empty dictionary",[35,105291,105293],{"className":37,"code":105292,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105294,105295,105304],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105296,105297,105300,105302],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105298,105299],{"class":50},"empty_dict ",[44,105301,55],{"class":54},[44,105303,976],{"class":58},[44,105305,105306,105308,105310,105312,105314,105317],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,105307,100],{"class":99},[44,105309,103],{"class":58},[44,105311,985],{"class":121},[44,105313,103],{"class":58},[44,105315,105316],{"class":89},"empty_dict",[44,105318,993],{"class":58},[20,105320,111],{},[35,105322,105323],{"className":37,"code":998,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105324,105325],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105326,105327,105329,105331,105333,105335,105337],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105328,1005],{"class":54},[44,105330,1009],{"class":1008},[44,105332,1012],{"class":235},[44,105334,1015],{"class":239},[44,105336,1018],{"class":235},[44,105338,1021],{"class":54},[20,105340,105341],{},"So the rule is simple:",[145,105343,105344,105349,105354],{},[148,105345,105346,105348],{},[15,105347,330],{}," → empty set",[148,105350,105351,105353],{},[15,105352,99530],{}," → non-empty set",[148,105355,105356,105358],{},[15,105357,957],{}," → empty dictionary",[131,105360,2200],{"id":2199},[20,105362,105363,105364,86],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,105365,330],{},[347,105367,350,105368,99128],{"id":99125},[15,105369,957],{},[20,105371,105372],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[35,105374,105375],{"className":37,"code":99134,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105376,105377,105385],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105378,105379,105381,105383],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105380,1817],{"class":50},[44,105382,55],{"class":54},[44,105384,976],{"class":58},[44,105386,105387,105389,105391,105393,105395,105397],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,105388,100],{"class":99},[44,105390,103],{"class":58},[44,105392,985],{"class":121},[44,105394,103],{"class":58},[44,105396,1843],{"class":89},[44,105398,993],{"class":58},[347,105400,105402,105403],{"id":105401},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,105404,105405],{},"set(5)",[20,105407,105408,105410],{},[15,105409,330],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[35,105412,105414],{"className":37,"code":105413,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set(5)\n",[15,105415,105416],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105417,105418,105420,105422,105424],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105419,122],{"class":121},[44,105421,103],{"class":58},[44,105423,1507],{"class":62},[44,105425,108],{"class":58},[20,105427,2373,105428,105430,105431,86],{},[15,105429,2376],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[167,105432,105434],{"href":105433},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[347,105436,105438],{"id":105437},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,105440,105441],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[35,105443,105445],{"className":37,"code":105444,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105446,105447],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105448,105449,105451,105453,105455,105457,105459,105461,105463,105465,105467,105469,105471],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105450,1817],{"class":50},[44,105452,55],{"class":54},[44,105454,98865],{"class":58},[44,105456,63],{"class":62},[44,105458,66],{"class":58},[44,105460,69],{"class":62},[44,105462,17409],{"class":58},[44,105464,2993],{"class":58},[44,105466,1432],{"class":62},[44,105468,66],{"class":58},[44,105470,1827],{"class":62},[44,105472,13060],{"class":58},[347,105474,923,105476,105478],{"id":105475},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,105477,330],{}," to keep the original order",[20,105480,105481],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[347,105483,36558,105485,8078,105487,945,105489],{"id":105484},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,105486,330],{},[15,105488,24129],{},[15,105490,8490],{},[20,105492,105493],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[131,105495,60071],{"id":60070},[20,105497,10480],{},[35,105499,105501],{"className":37,"code":105500,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,105502,105503,105518,105528,105542],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105504,105505,105507,105509,105511,105513,105516],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105506,100],{"class":99},[44,105508,103],{"class":58},[44,105510,985],{"class":121},[44,105512,103],{"class":58},[44,105514,105515],{"class":89},"my_value",[44,105517,993],{"class":58},[44,105519,105520,105522,105524,105526],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,105521,100],{"class":99},[44,105523,103],{"class":58},[44,105525,105515],{"class":89},[44,105527,108],{"class":58},[44,105529,105530,105532,105534,105536,105538,105540],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,105531,100],{"class":99},[44,105533,103],{"class":58},[44,105535,7467],{"class":121},[44,105537,103],{"class":58},[44,105539,188],{"class":89},[44,105541,993],{"class":58},[44,105543,105544,105546,105548,105550,105552,105554],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,105545,100],{"class":99},[44,105547,103],{"class":58},[44,105549,10529],{"class":99},[44,105551,103],{"class":58},[44,105553,188],{"class":89},[44,105555,993],{"class":58},[20,105557,105558],{},"What they help you see:",[145,105560,105561,105567,105572,105578],{},[148,105562,105563,105566],{},[15,105564,105565],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[148,105568,105569,89910],{},[15,105570,105571],{},"print(my_value)",[148,105573,105574,105577],{},[15,105575,105576],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[148,105579,105580,105583],{},[15,105581,105582],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[131,105585,1196],{"id":1195},[347,105587,105589],{"id":105588},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,105591,105592],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[347,105594,105596],{"id":105595},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,105598,1462,105599,105601,105602,105604],{},[15,105600,330],{},". Do not use ",[15,105603,957],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[347,105606,105608],{"id":105607},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,105610,105611],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[347,105613,105615],{"id":105614},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,105617,105618],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,105620,1578],{},[35,105622,105624],{"className":37,"code":105623,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,105625,105626],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105627,105628,105630,105632,105634,105636,105638,105640,105642],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105629,100],{"class":99},[44,105631,103],{"class":58},[44,105633,122],{"class":121},[44,105635,103],{"class":58},[44,105637,236],{"class":235},[44,105639,3450],{"class":239},[44,105641,236],{"class":235},[44,105643,993],{"class":58},[20,105645,29378],{},[35,105647,105649],{"className":37,"code":105648,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,105650,105651],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105652,105653,105655,105657,105659,105661,105663,105665,105667,105669,105671,105673,105675,105677,105679,105681,105683,105685],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105654,550],{"class":58},[44,105656,1018],{"class":235},[44,105658,167],{"class":239},[44,105660,1018],{"class":235},[44,105662,66],{"class":58},[44,105664,1012],{"class":235},[44,105666,20],{"class":239},[44,105668,1018],{"class":235},[44,105670,66],{"class":58},[44,105672,1012],{"class":235},[44,105674,59817],{"class":239},[44,105676,1018],{"class":235},[44,105678,66],{"class":58},[44,105680,1012],{"class":235},[44,105682,59808],{"class":239},[44,105684,1018],{"class":235},[44,105686,77],{"class":58},[347,105688,4526,105690,105693],{"id":105689},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,105691,105692],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,105695,105696,28034,105698,105701],{},[15,105697,330],{},[30,105699,105700],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,105703,105704],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[35,105706,105708],{"className":37,"code":105707,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,105709,105710],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105711,105712,105714,105716,105718,105720,105722,105724,105726,105728,105730,105732,105734],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105713,100],{"class":99},[44,105715,103],{"class":58},[44,105717,122],{"class":121},[44,105719,2357],{"class":58},[44,105721,63],{"class":62},[44,105723,66],{"class":58},[44,105725,69],{"class":62},[44,105727,66],{"class":58},[44,105729,74],{"class":62},[44,105731,66],{"class":58},[44,105733,1827],{"class":62},[44,105735,2370],{"class":58},[131,105737,1251],{"id":1250},[145,105739,105740,105744,105748,105752,105756],{},[148,105741,105742],{},[167,105743,170],{"href":95686},[148,105745,105746],{},[167,105747,103740],{"href":95689},[148,105749,105750],{},[167,105751,99592],{"href":104591},[148,105753,105754],{},[167,105755,104298],{"href":64209},[148,105757,105758],{},[167,105759,105434],{"href":105433},[1294,105761,105762],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":105764},[105765,105766,105767,105768,105769,105775,105776,105777,105785,105795,105796,105804],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":103916,"depth":80,"text":103917},{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":104301,"depth":80,"text":104302},{"id":104488,"depth":80,"text":104489,"children":105770},[105771,105772,105773,105774],{"id":104492,"depth":96,"text":104493},{"id":104594,"depth":96,"text":104595},{"id":104678,"depth":96,"text":104679},{"id":104770,"depth":96,"text":104771},{"id":104838,"depth":80,"text":104839},{"id":105052,"depth":80,"text":105053},{"id":105161,"depth":80,"text":105162,"children":105778},[105779,105781,105783],{"id":105168,"depth":96,"text":105780},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105221,"depth":96,"text":105782},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105286,"depth":96,"text":105784},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200,"children":105786},[105787,105788,105790,105791,105793],{"id":99125,"depth":96,"text":99633},{"id":105401,"depth":96,"text":105789},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105437,"depth":96,"text":105438},{"id":105475,"depth":96,"text":105792},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105484,"depth":96,"text":105794},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60070,"depth":80,"text":60071},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":105797},[105798,105799,105800,105801,105802],{"id":105588,"depth":96,"text":105589},{"id":105595,"depth":96,"text":105596},{"id":105607,"depth":96,"text":105608},{"id":105614,"depth":96,"text":105615},{"id":105689,"depth":96,"text":105803},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":103798,"description":105805},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":105812,"title":105813,"body":105814,"description":107329,"extension":1331,"meta":107330,"navigation":268,"path":107331,"seo":107332,"stem":107333,"__hash__":107334},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":105815,"toc":107305},[105816,105822,105827,105830,105913,105918,105923,105928,105930,105943,105947,105949,105968,105971,105994,105997,106008,106010,106091,106093,106110,106112,106118,106121,106216,106218,106249,106251,106259,106261,106264,106375,106377,106402,106404,106426,106431,106436,106442,106551,106553,106569,106572,106575,106658,106660,106677,106685,106687,106691,106697,106788,106790,106823,106828,106835,106912,106914,106931,106937,106939,106943,106959,106962,106988,106990,107051,107053,107176,107178,107229,107235,107237,107242,107244,107250,107253,107257,107260,107264,107267,107277,107279,107302],[10,105817,2945,105819,18],{"id":105818},"python-setintersection-method",[15,105820,105821],{},"set.intersection()",[20,105823,140,105824,105826],{},[15,105825,105821],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,105828,105829],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[35,105831,105833],{"className":37,"code":105832,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,105834,105835,105855,105875,105879,105898,105908],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105836,105837,105839,105841,105843,105845,105847,105849,105851,105853],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105838,1095],{"class":50},[44,105840,55],{"class":54},[44,105842,59],{"class":58},[44,105844,63],{"class":62},[44,105846,66],{"class":58},[44,105848,69],{"class":62},[44,105850,66],{"class":58},[44,105852,74],{"class":62},[44,105854,77],{"class":58},[44,105856,105857,105859,105861,105863,105865,105867,105869,105871,105873],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,105858,1122],{"class":50},[44,105860,55],{"class":54},[44,105862,59],{"class":58},[44,105864,1426],{"class":62},[44,105866,66],{"class":58},[44,105868,74],{"class":62},[44,105870,66],{"class":58},[44,105872,1827],{"class":62},[44,105874,77],{"class":58},[44,105876,105877],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,105878,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,105880,105881,105883,105885,105887,105889,105892,105894,105896],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,105882,644],{"class":50},[44,105884,55],{"class":54},[44,105886,56247],{"class":50},[44,105888,86],{"class":58},[44,105890,105891],{"class":89},"intersection",[44,105893,103],{"class":58},[44,105895,1164],{"class":89},[44,105897,108],{"class":58},[44,105899,105900,105902,105904,105906],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,105901,100],{"class":99},[44,105903,103],{"class":58},[44,105905,668],{"class":89},[44,105907,108],{"class":58},[44,105909,105910],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,105911,105912],{"class":3035},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,105914,1462,105915,105917],{},[15,105916,102039],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[131,105919,12353,105921,12356],{"id":105920},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,105922,102039],{},[20,105924,105925,105927],{},[15,105926,102039],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,105929,197],{},[145,105931,105932,105935,105937,105940],{},[148,105933,105934],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[148,105936,99809],{},[148,105938,105939],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[148,105941,105942],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,105944,165,105945,86],{},[167,105946,170],{"href":95686},[131,105948,175],{"id":174},[35,105950,105952],{"className":37,"code":105951,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,105953,105954],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105955,105956,105958,105960,105962,105964,105966],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105957,99833],{"class":50},[44,105959,86],{"class":58},[44,105961,105891],{"class":89},[44,105963,103],{"class":58},[44,105965,99842],{"class":89},[44,105967,108],{"class":58},[20,105969,105970],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[35,105972,105974],{"className":37,"code":105973,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,105975,105976],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105977,105978,105980,105982,105984,105986,105988,105990,105992],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105979,99833],{"class":50},[44,105981,86],{"class":58},[44,105983,105891],{"class":89},[44,105985,103],{"class":58},[44,105987,99842],{"class":89},[44,105989,66],{"class":58},[44,105991,99869],{"class":89},[44,105993,108],{"class":58},[20,105995,105996],{},"Important notes:",[145,105998,105999,106002,106005],{},[148,106000,106001],{},"The result is always a new set",[148,106003,106004],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[148,106006,106007],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106009,1578],{},[35,106011,106013],{"className":37,"code":106012,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106014,106015,106039,106059,106063,106081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106016,106017,106019,106021,106023,106025,106027,106029,106031,106033,106035,106037],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106018,1095],{"class":50},[44,106020,55],{"class":54},[44,106022,59],{"class":58},[44,106024,63],{"class":62},[44,106026,66],{"class":58},[44,106028,69],{"class":62},[44,106030,66],{"class":58},[44,106032,74],{"class":62},[44,106034,66],{"class":58},[44,106036,1827],{"class":62},[44,106038,77],{"class":58},[44,106040,106041,106043,106045,106047,106049,106051,106053,106055,106057],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,106042,1122],{"class":50},[44,106044,55],{"class":54},[44,106046,59],{"class":58},[44,106048,1432],{"class":62},[44,106050,66],{"class":58},[44,106052,1827],{"class":62},[44,106054,66],{"class":58},[44,106056,3975],{"class":62},[44,106058,77],{"class":58},[44,106060,106061],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,106062,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,106064,106065,106067,106069,106071,106073,106075,106077,106079],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,106066,644],{"class":50},[44,106068,55],{"class":54},[44,106070,56247],{"class":50},[44,106072,86],{"class":58},[44,106074,105891],{"class":89},[44,106076,103],{"class":58},[44,106078,1164],{"class":89},[44,106080,108],{"class":58},[44,106082,106083,106085,106087,106089],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,106084,100],{"class":99},[44,106086,103],{"class":58},[44,106088,668],{"class":89},[44,106090,108],{"class":58},[20,106092,111],{},[35,106094,106096],{"className":37,"code":106095,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106097,106098],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106099,106100,106102,106104,106106,106108],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106101,550],{"class":58},[44,106103,1432],{"class":62},[44,106105,66],{"class":58},[44,106107,1827],{"class":62},[44,106109,77],{"class":58},[131,106111,596],{"id":595},[20,106113,106114,21323,106116,86],{},[15,106115,102039],{},[30,106117,122],{},[20,106119,106120],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[35,106122,106124],{"className":37,"code":106123,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106125,106126,106146,106166,106170,106188,106192,106202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106127,106128,106130,106132,106134,106136,106138,106140,106142,106144],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106129,1095],{"class":50},[44,106131,55],{"class":54},[44,106133,59],{"class":58},[44,106135,63],{"class":62},[44,106137,66],{"class":58},[44,106139,69],{"class":62},[44,106141,66],{"class":58},[44,106143,74],{"class":62},[44,106145,77],{"class":58},[44,106147,106148,106150,106152,106154,106156,106158,106160,106162,106164],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,106149,1122],{"class":50},[44,106151,55],{"class":54},[44,106153,59],{"class":58},[44,106155,1426],{"class":62},[44,106157,66],{"class":58},[44,106159,74],{"class":62},[44,106161,66],{"class":58},[44,106163,1827],{"class":62},[44,106165,77],{"class":58},[44,106167,106168],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,106169,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,106171,106172,106174,106176,106178,106180,106182,106184,106186],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,106173,644],{"class":50},[44,106175,55],{"class":54},[44,106177,56247],{"class":50},[44,106179,86],{"class":58},[44,106181,105891],{"class":89},[44,106183,103],{"class":58},[44,106185,1164],{"class":89},[44,106187,108],{"class":58},[44,106189,106190],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,106191,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,106193,106194,106196,106198,106200],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,106195,100],{"class":99},[44,106197,103],{"class":58},[44,106199,668],{"class":89},[44,106201,108],{"class":58},[44,106203,106204,106206,106208,106210,106212,106214],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,106205,100],{"class":99},[44,106207,103],{"class":58},[44,106209,985],{"class":121},[44,106211,103],{"class":58},[44,106213,668],{"class":89},[44,106215,993],{"class":58},[20,106217,111],{},[35,106219,106221],{"className":37,"code":106220,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106222,106223,106235],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106224,106225,106227,106229,106231,106233],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106226,550],{"class":58},[44,106228,1426],{"class":62},[44,106230,66],{"class":58},[44,106232,74],{"class":62},[44,106234,77],{"class":58},[44,106236,106237,106239,106241,106243,106245,106247],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,106238,1005],{"class":54},[44,106240,1009],{"class":1008},[44,106242,1012],{"class":235},[44,106244,122],{"class":239},[44,106246,1018],{"class":235},[44,106248,1021],{"class":54},[20,106250,85173],{},[145,106252,106253,106256],{},[148,106254,106255],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[148,106257,106258],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[131,106260,215],{"id":214},[20,106262,106263],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[35,106265,106267],{"className":37,"code":106266,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106268,106269,106302,106335,106339,106360,106364],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106270,106271,106274,106276,106278,106280,106282,106284,106286,106288,106290,106292,106294,106296,106298,106300],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106272,106273],{"class":50},"colors1 ",[44,106275,55],{"class":54},[44,106277,59],{"class":58},[44,106279,236],{"class":235},[44,106281,240],{"class":239},[44,106283,236],{"class":235},[44,106285,66],{"class":58},[44,106287,247],{"class":235},[44,106289,259],{"class":239},[44,106291,236],{"class":235},[44,106293,66],{"class":58},[44,106295,247],{"class":235},[44,106297,250],{"class":239},[44,106299,236],{"class":235},[44,106301,77],{"class":58},[44,106303,106304,106307,106309,106311,106313,106315,106317,106319,106321,106323,106325,106327,106329,106331,106333],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,106305,106306],{"class":50},"colors2 ",[44,106308,55],{"class":54},[44,106310,59],{"class":58},[44,106312,236],{"class":235},[44,106314,250],{"class":239},[44,106316,236],{"class":235},[44,106318,66],{"class":58},[44,106320,247],{"class":235},[44,106322,21871],{"class":239},[44,106324,236],{"class":235},[44,106326,66],{"class":58},[44,106328,247],{"class":235},[44,106330,259],{"class":239},[44,106332,236],{"class":235},[44,106334,77],{"class":58},[44,106336,106337],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,106338,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,106340,106341,106344,106346,106349,106351,106353,106355,106358],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,106342,106343],{"class":50},"common_colors ",[44,106345,55],{"class":54},[44,106347,106348],{"class":50}," colors1",[44,106350,86],{"class":58},[44,106352,105891],{"class":89},[44,106354,103],{"class":58},[44,106356,106357],{"class":89},"colors2",[44,106359,108],{"class":58},[44,106361,106362],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,106363,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,106365,106366,106368,106370,106373],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,106367,100],{"class":99},[44,106369,103],{"class":58},[44,106371,106372],{"class":89},"common_colors",[44,106374,108],{"class":58},[20,106376,111],{},[35,106378,106380],{"className":37,"code":106379,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,106381,106382],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106383,106384,106386,106388,106390,106392,106394,106396,106398,106400],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106385,550],{"class":58},[44,106387,1018],{"class":235},[44,106389,259],{"class":239},[44,106391,1018],{"class":235},[44,106393,66],{"class":58},[44,106395,1012],{"class":235},[44,106397,250],{"class":239},[44,106399,1018],{"class":235},[44,106401,77],{"class":58},[20,106403,311],{},[145,106405,106406,106412,106416,106421],{},[148,106407,106408,106411],{},[15,106409,106410],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[148,106413,106414,106411],{},[15,106415,106357],{},[148,106417,106418,106420],{},[15,106419,102039],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[148,106422,106423,106424],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,106425,106372],{},[131,106427,350,106429,100406],{"id":106428},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,106430,102039],{},[20,106432,106433,106434,86],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,106435,102039],{},[20,106437,106438,106439,106441],{},"Only the values found in ",[30,106440,934],{}," inputs will be kept.",[35,106443,106445],{"className":37,"code":106444,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106446,106447,106471,106495,106515,106519,106541],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106448,106449,106451,106453,106455,106457,106459,106461,106463,106465,106467,106469],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106450,1095],{"class":50},[44,106452,55],{"class":54},[44,106454,59],{"class":58},[44,106456,63],{"class":62},[44,106458,66],{"class":58},[44,106460,69],{"class":62},[44,106462,66],{"class":58},[44,106464,74],{"class":62},[44,106466,66],{"class":58},[44,106468,1827],{"class":62},[44,106470,77],{"class":58},[44,106472,106473,106475,106477,106479,106481,106483,106485,106487,106489,106491,106493],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,106474,1122],{"class":50},[44,106476,55],{"class":54},[44,106478,59],{"class":58},[44,106480,1426],{"class":62},[44,106482,66],{"class":58},[44,106484,74],{"class":62},[44,106486,66],{"class":58},[44,106488,1827],{"class":62},[44,106490,66],{"class":58},[44,106492,3975],{"class":62},[44,106494,77],{"class":58},[44,106496,106497,106499,106501,106503,106505,106507,106509,106511,106513],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,106498,82547],{"class":50},[44,106500,55],{"class":54},[44,106502,59],{"class":58},[44,106504,1432],{"class":62},[44,106506,66],{"class":58},[44,106508,1827],{"class":62},[44,106510,66],{"class":58},[44,106512,36998],{"class":62},[44,106514,77],{"class":58},[44,106516,106517],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,106518,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,106520,106521,106523,106525,106527,106529,106531,106533,106535,106537,106539],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,106522,644],{"class":50},[44,106524,55],{"class":54},[44,106526,56247],{"class":50},[44,106528,86],{"class":58},[44,106530,105891],{"class":89},[44,106532,103],{"class":58},[44,106534,1164],{"class":89},[44,106536,66],{"class":58},[44,106538,9051],{"class":89},[44,106540,108],{"class":58},[44,106542,106543,106545,106547,106549],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,106544,100],{"class":99},[44,106546,103],{"class":58},[44,106548,668],{"class":89},[44,106550,108],{"class":58},[20,106552,111],{},[35,106554,106555],{"className":37,"code":106095,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,106556,106557],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106558,106559,106561,106563,106565,106567],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106560,550],{"class":58},[44,106562,1432],{"class":62},[44,106564,66],{"class":58},[44,106566,1827],{"class":62},[44,106568,77],{"class":58},[20,106570,106571],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,106573,106574],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[35,106576,106578],{"className":37,"code":106577,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,106579,106580,106604,106608,106648],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106581,106582,106584,106586,106588,106590,106592,106594,106596,106598,106600,106602],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106583,1095],{"class":50},[44,106585,55],{"class":54},[44,106587,59],{"class":58},[44,106589,63],{"class":62},[44,106591,66],{"class":58},[44,106593,69],{"class":62},[44,106595,66],{"class":58},[44,106597,74],{"class":62},[44,106599,66],{"class":58},[44,106601,1827],{"class":62},[44,106603,77],{"class":58},[44,106605,106606],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,106607,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,106609,106610,106612,106614,106616,106618,106620,106622,106624,106626,106628,106630,106632,106634,106636,106638,106640,106642,106644,106646],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,106611,644],{"class":50},[44,106613,55],{"class":54},[44,106615,56247],{"class":50},[44,106617,86],{"class":58},[44,106619,105891],{"class":89},[44,106621,2357],{"class":58},[44,106623,1426],{"class":62},[44,106625,66],{"class":58},[44,106627,1827],{"class":62},[44,106629,66],{"class":58},[44,106631,36998],{"class":62},[44,106633,17409],{"class":58},[44,106635,8607],{"class":58},[44,106637,63],{"class":62},[44,106639,66],{"class":58},[44,106641,69],{"class":62},[44,106643,66],{"class":58},[44,106645,1827],{"class":62},[44,106647,993],{"class":58},[44,106649,106650,106652,106654,106656],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,106651,100],{"class":99},[44,106653,103],{"class":58},[44,106655,668],{"class":89},[44,106657,108],{"class":58},[20,106659,111],{},[35,106661,106663],{"className":37,"code":106662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{2, 4}\n",[15,106664,106665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106666,106667,106669,106671,106673,106675],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106668,550],{"class":58},[44,106670,1426],{"class":62},[44,106672,66],{"class":58},[44,106674,1827],{"class":62},[44,106676,77],{"class":58},[131,106678,106680,9953,106682],{"id":106679},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,106681,102039],{},[15,106683,106684],{},"intersection_update()",[20,106686,100576],{},[347,106688,106689],{"id":105891},[15,106690,102039],{},[145,106692,106693,106695],{},[148,106694,100585],{},[148,106696,100588],{},[35,106698,106700],{"className":37,"code":106699,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106701,106702,106722,106742,106746,106764,106768,106778],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106703,106704,106706,106708,106710,106712,106714,106716,106718,106720],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106705,1095],{"class":50},[44,106707,55],{"class":54},[44,106709,59],{"class":58},[44,106711,63],{"class":62},[44,106713,66],{"class":58},[44,106715,69],{"class":62},[44,106717,66],{"class":58},[44,106719,74],{"class":62},[44,106721,77],{"class":58},[44,106723,106724,106726,106728,106730,106732,106734,106736,106738,106740],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,106725,1122],{"class":50},[44,106727,55],{"class":54},[44,106729,59],{"class":58},[44,106731,1426],{"class":62},[44,106733,66],{"class":58},[44,106735,74],{"class":62},[44,106737,66],{"class":58},[44,106739,1827],{"class":62},[44,106741,77],{"class":58},[44,106743,106744],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,106745,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,106747,106748,106750,106752,106754,106756,106758,106760,106762],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,106749,644],{"class":50},[44,106751,55],{"class":54},[44,106753,56247],{"class":50},[44,106755,86],{"class":58},[44,106757,105891],{"class":89},[44,106759,103],{"class":58},[44,106761,1164],{"class":89},[44,106763,108],{"class":58},[44,106765,106766],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,106767,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,106769,106770,106772,106774,106776],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,106771,100],{"class":99},[44,106773,103],{"class":58},[44,106775,167],{"class":89},[44,106777,108],{"class":58},[44,106779,106780,106782,106784,106786],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,106781,100],{"class":99},[44,106783,103],{"class":58},[44,106785,668],{"class":89},[44,106787,108],{"class":58},[20,106789,111],{},[35,106791,106793],{"className":37,"code":106792,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,106794,106795,106811],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106796,106797,106799,106801,106803,106805,106807,106809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106798,550],{"class":58},[44,106800,63],{"class":62},[44,106802,66],{"class":58},[44,106804,69],{"class":62},[44,106806,66],{"class":58},[44,106808,74],{"class":62},[44,106810,77],{"class":58},[44,106812,106813,106815,106817,106819,106821],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,106814,550],{"class":58},[44,106816,1426],{"class":62},[44,106818,66],{"class":58},[44,106820,74],{"class":62},[44,106822,77],{"class":58},[347,106824,106826],{"id":106825},"intersection_update",[15,106827,106684],{},[145,106829,106830,106832],{},[148,106831,100728],{},[148,106833,106834],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[35,106836,106838],{"className":37,"code":106837,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,106839,106840,106860,106880,106884,106898,106902],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106841,106842,106844,106846,106848,106850,106852,106854,106856,106858],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106843,1095],{"class":50},[44,106845,55],{"class":54},[44,106847,59],{"class":58},[44,106849,63],{"class":62},[44,106851,66],{"class":58},[44,106853,69],{"class":62},[44,106855,66],{"class":58},[44,106857,74],{"class":62},[44,106859,77],{"class":58},[44,106861,106862,106864,106866,106868,106870,106872,106874,106876,106878],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,106863,1122],{"class":50},[44,106865,55],{"class":54},[44,106867,59],{"class":58},[44,106869,1426],{"class":62},[44,106871,66],{"class":58},[44,106873,74],{"class":62},[44,106875,66],{"class":58},[44,106877,1827],{"class":62},[44,106879,77],{"class":58},[44,106881,106882],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,106883,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,106885,106886,106888,106890,106892,106894,106896],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,106887,167],{"class":50},[44,106889,86],{"class":58},[44,106891,106825],{"class":89},[44,106893,103],{"class":58},[44,106895,1164],{"class":89},[44,106897,108],{"class":58},[44,106899,106900],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,106901,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,106903,106904,106906,106908,106910],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,106905,100],{"class":99},[44,106907,103],{"class":58},[44,106909,167],{"class":89},[44,106911,108],{"class":58},[20,106913,111],{},[35,106915,106917],{"className":37,"code":106916,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{2, 3}\n",[15,106918,106919],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106920,106921,106923,106925,106927,106929],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106922,550],{"class":58},[44,106924,1426],{"class":62},[44,106926,66],{"class":58},[44,106928,74],{"class":62},[44,106930,77],{"class":58},[20,106932,106933,106934,106936],{},"Choose ",[15,106935,102039],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[131,106938,784],{"id":783},[20,106940,14087,106941,2255],{},[15,106942,102039],{},[145,106944,106945,106948,106951,106954],{},[148,106946,106947],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[148,106949,106950],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[148,106952,106953],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[148,106955,106956,106957],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,106958,102039],{},[20,106960,106961],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[145,106963,106964,106969,106972,106985],{},[148,106965,350,106966,106968],{},[15,106967,102039],{}," when order matters",[148,106970,106971],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[148,106973,36558,106974,8078,106976,945,106981],{},[15,106975,102039],{},[167,106977,106979],{"href":106978},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,106980,102047],{},[167,106982,106983],{"href":102088},[15,106984,99662],{},[148,106986,106987],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,106989,29484],{},[35,106991,106993],{"className":37,"code":106992,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,106994,106995,107005,107019,107037],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106996,106997,106999,107001,107003],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106998,100],{"class":99},[44,107000,103],{"class":58},[44,107002,188],{"class":89},[44,107004,108],{"class":58},[44,107006,107007,107009,107011,107013,107015,107017],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,107008,100],{"class":99},[44,107010,103],{"class":58},[44,107012,985],{"class":121},[44,107014,103],{"class":58},[44,107016,668],{"class":89},[44,107018,993],{"class":58},[44,107020,107021,107023,107025,107027,107029,107031,107033,107035],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,107022,100],{"class":99},[44,107024,103],{"class":58},[44,107026,99833],{"class":89},[44,107028,86],{"class":58},[44,107030,105891],{"class":89},[44,107032,103],{"class":58},[44,107034,99842],{"class":89},[44,107036,993],{"class":58},[44,107038,107039,107041,107043,107045,107047,107049],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,107040,100],{"class":99},[44,107042,103],{"class":58},[44,107044,10529],{"class":99},[44,107046,103],{"class":58},[44,107048,668],{"class":89},[44,107050,993],{"class":58},[20,107052,1578],{},[35,107054,107056],{"className":37,"code":107055,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107057,107058,107082,107102,107106,107124,107128,107138,107148,107162],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107059,107060,107062,107064,107066,107068,107070,107072,107074,107076,107078,107080],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107061,51],{"class":50},[44,107063,55],{"class":54},[44,107065,59],{"class":58},[44,107067,63],{"class":62},[44,107069,66],{"class":58},[44,107071,69],{"class":62},[44,107073,66],{"class":58},[44,107075,69],{"class":62},[44,107077,66],{"class":58},[44,107079,74],{"class":62},[44,107081,77],{"class":58},[44,107083,107084,107086,107088,107090,107092,107094,107096,107098,107100],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,107085,42907],{"class":50},[44,107087,55],{"class":54},[44,107089,59],{"class":58},[44,107091,1426],{"class":62},[44,107093,66],{"class":58},[44,107095,74],{"class":62},[44,107097,66],{"class":58},[44,107099,1827],{"class":62},[44,107101,77],{"class":58},[44,107103,107104],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,107105,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,107107,107108,107110,107112,107114,107116,107118,107120,107122],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,107109,644],{"class":50},[44,107111,55],{"class":54},[44,107113,649],{"class":50},[44,107115,86],{"class":58},[44,107117,105891],{"class":89},[44,107119,103],{"class":58},[44,107121,30092],{"class":89},[44,107123,108],{"class":58},[44,107125,107126],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,107127,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,107129,107130,107132,107134,107136],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,107131,100],{"class":99},[44,107133,103],{"class":58},[44,107135,83],{"class":89},[44,107137,108],{"class":58},[44,107139,107140,107142,107144,107146],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,107141,100],{"class":99},[44,107143,103],{"class":58},[44,107145,668],{"class":89},[44,107147,108],{"class":58},[44,107149,107150,107152,107154,107156,107158,107160],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,107151,100],{"class":99},[44,107153,103],{"class":58},[44,107155,985],{"class":121},[44,107157,103],{"class":58},[44,107159,668],{"class":89},[44,107161,993],{"class":58},[44,107163,107164,107166,107168,107170,107172,107174],{"class":46,"line":5802},[44,107165,100],{"class":99},[44,107167,103],{"class":58},[44,107169,10529],{"class":99},[44,107171,103],{"class":58},[44,107173,668],{"class":89},[44,107175,993],{"class":58},[20,107177,111],{},[35,107179,107181],{"className":37,"code":107180,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107182,107183,107199,107211,107225],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107184,107185,107187,107189,107191,107193,107195,107197],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107186,550],{"class":58},[44,107188,63],{"class":62},[44,107190,66],{"class":58},[44,107192,69],{"class":62},[44,107194,66],{"class":58},[44,107196,74],{"class":62},[44,107198,77],{"class":58},[44,107200,107201,107203,107205,107207,107209],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,107202,550],{"class":58},[44,107204,1426],{"class":62},[44,107206,66],{"class":58},[44,107208,74],{"class":62},[44,107210,77],{"class":58},[44,107212,107213,107215,107217,107219,107221,107223],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,107214,1005],{"class":54},[44,107216,1009],{"class":1008},[44,107218,1012],{"class":235},[44,107220,122],{"class":239},[44,107222,1018],{"class":235},[44,107224,1021],{"class":54},[44,107226,107227],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,107228,16406],{"class":62},[20,107230,107231,107232,107234],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107233,1426],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[131,107236,1196],{"id":1195},[347,107238,1212,107240,101987],{"id":107239},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107241,102039],{},[20,107243,101990],{},[347,107245,4538,107247,107249],{"id":107246},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107248,102039],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107251,107252],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[347,107254,107256],{"id":107255},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107258,107259],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[347,107261,107263],{"id":107262},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107265,107266],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[35,107268,107269],{"className":37,"code":114,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,107270,107271],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107272,107273,107275],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107274,122],{"class":121},[44,107276,93],{"class":58},[131,107278,1251],{"id":1250},[145,107280,107281,107285,107292,107298],{},[148,107282,107283],{},[167,107284,170],{"href":95686},[148,107286,107287],{},[167,107288,2945,107289,1272],{"href":106978},[15,107290,107291],{},"set.union()",[148,107293,107294],{},[167,107295,2945,107296,1272],{"href":102088},[15,107297,99667],{},[148,107299,107300],{},[167,107301,99592],{"href":104591},[1294,107303,107304],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":107306},[107307,107309,107310,107311,107312,107314,107319,107320,107328],{"id":105920,"depth":80,"text":107308},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":595,"depth":80,"text":596},{"id":214,"depth":80,"text":215},{"id":106428,"depth":80,"text":107313},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":106679,"depth":80,"text":107315,"children":107316},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107317,107318],{"id":105891,"depth":96,"text":102039},{"id":106825,"depth":96,"text":106684},{"id":783,"depth":80,"text":784},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":107321},[107322,107324,107326,107327],{"id":107239,"depth":96,"text":107323},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107246,"depth":96,"text":107325},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107255,"depth":96,"text":107256},{"id":107262,"depth":96,"text":107263},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":105813,"description":107329},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107336,"title":107337,"body":107338,"description":108574,"extension":1331,"meta":108575,"navigation":268,"path":108576,"seo":108577,"stem":108578,"__hash__":108579},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107339,"toc":108541},[107340,107345,107351,107360,107362,107437,107442,107457,107467,107472,107476,107489,107493,107495,107510,107512,107528,107530,107605,107609,107612,107614,107631,107636,107691,107696,107708,107712,107715,107816,107818,107859,107862,107866,107873,107875,107900,107903,107921,107928,107934,107937,108019,108026,108029,108109,108118,108121,108126,108130,108144,108193,108198,108202,108213,108262,108273,108278,108282,108294,108343,108354,108356,108360,108383,108385,108442,108444,108458,108460,108466,108472,108478,108487,108491,108498,108502,108510,108512,108538],[10,107341,13,107343,18],{"id":107342},"python-set-pop-method",[15,107344,951],{},[20,107346,107347,107350],{},[15,107348,107349],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,107352,107353,107354,107356,107357,107359],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[30,107355,604],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,107358,951],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[131,107361,1372],{"id":1371},[35,107363,107365],{"className":37,"code":107364,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,107366,107367,107399,107413,107417,107427],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107368,107369,107371,107373,107375,107377,107379,107381,107383,107385,107387,107389,107391,107393,107395,107397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107370,362],{"class":50},[44,107372,55],{"class":54},[44,107374,59],{"class":58},[44,107376,236],{"class":235},[44,107378,3450],{"class":239},[44,107380,236],{"class":235},[44,107382,66],{"class":58},[44,107384,247],{"class":235},[44,107386,3459],{"class":239},[44,107388,236],{"class":235},[44,107390,66],{"class":58},[44,107392,247],{"class":235},[44,107394,3468],{"class":239},[44,107396,236],{"class":235},[44,107398,77],{"class":58},[44,107400,107401,107403,107405,107407,107409,107411],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,107402,69296],{"class":50},[44,107404,55],{"class":54},[44,107406,5336],{"class":50},[44,107408,86],{"class":58},[44,107410,25589],{"class":89},[44,107412,93],{"class":58},[44,107414,107415],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,107416,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,107418,107419,107421,107423,107425],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,107420,100],{"class":99},[44,107422,103],{"class":58},[44,107424,69319],{"class":89},[44,107426,108],{"class":58},[44,107428,107429,107431,107433,107435],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,107430,100],{"class":99},[44,107432,103],{"class":58},[44,107434,397],{"class":89},[44,107436,108],{"class":58},[20,107438,107439],{},[30,107440,107441],{},"What this does:",[145,107443,107444,107449,107454],{},[148,107445,107446,107447],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,107448,397],{},[148,107450,107451,107452],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,107453,69319],{},[148,107455,107456],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,107458,107459,88324,107461,107463,107464,107466],{},[30,107460,83182],{},[15,107462,107349],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[30,107465,604],{}," chosen by index.",[131,107468,134,107470,137],{"id":107469},"what-setpop-does",[15,107471,107349],{},[20,107473,107474,2255],{},[15,107475,107349],{},[145,107477,107478,107480,107483,107486],{},[148,107479,102290],{},[148,107481,107482],{},"Returns the removed item",[148,107484,107485],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[148,107487,107488],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,107490,165,107491,86],{},[167,107492,170],{"href":169},[131,107494,175],{"id":174},[35,107496,107498],{"className":37,"code":107497,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,107499,107500],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107501,107502,107504,107506,107508],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107503,188],{"class":50},[44,107505,86],{"class":58},[44,107507,25589],{"class":89},[44,107509,93],{"class":58},[20,107511,197],{},[145,107513,107514,107520,107525],{},[148,107515,107516,107517],{},"The syntax is ",[15,107518,107519],{},"my_set.pop()",[148,107521,107522,107523],{},"It takes ",[30,107524,28037],{},[148,107526,107527],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,107529,1578],{},[35,107531,107533],{"className":37,"code":107532,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,107534,107535,107567,107581,107585,107595],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107536,107537,107539,107541,107543,107545,107547,107549,107551,107553,107555,107557,107559,107561,107563,107565],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107538,228],{"class":50},[44,107540,55],{"class":54},[44,107542,59],{"class":58},[44,107544,236],{"class":235},[44,107546,240],{"class":239},[44,107548,236],{"class":235},[44,107550,66],{"class":58},[44,107552,247],{"class":235},[44,107554,259],{"class":239},[44,107556,236],{"class":235},[44,107558,66],{"class":58},[44,107560,247],{"class":235},[44,107562,250],{"class":239},[44,107564,236],{"class":235},[44,107566,77],{"class":58},[44,107568,107569,107571,107573,107575,107577,107579],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,107570,27887],{"class":50},[44,107572,55],{"class":54},[44,107574,12477],{"class":50},[44,107576,86],{"class":58},[44,107578,25589],{"class":89},[44,107580,93],{"class":58},[44,107582,107583],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,107584,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,107586,107587,107589,107591,107593],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,107588,100],{"class":99},[44,107590,103],{"class":58},[44,107592,22658],{"class":89},[44,107594,108],{"class":58},[44,107596,107597,107599,107601,107603],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,107598,100],{"class":99},[44,107600,103],{"class":58},[44,107602,274],{"class":89},[44,107604,108],{"class":58},[131,107606,107608],{"id":107607},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,107610,107611],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,107613,1477],{},[145,107615,107616,107622,107625],{},[148,107617,107618,107619,107621],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,107620,951],{}," removes",[148,107623,107624],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[148,107626,107627,107628,107630],{},"You should not use ",[15,107629,951],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,107632,9829,107633,107635],{},[30,107634,604],{}," valid:",[35,107637,107639],{"className":37,"code":107638,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,107640,107641,107673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107642,107643,107645,107647,107649,107651,107653,107655,107657,107659,107661,107663,107665,107667,107669,107671],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107644,35592],{"class":50},[44,107646,55],{"class":54},[44,107648,59],{"class":58},[44,107650,236],{"class":235},[44,107652,3450],{"class":239},[44,107654,236],{"class":235},[44,107656,66],{"class":58},[44,107658,247],{"class":235},[44,107660,3459],{"class":239},[44,107662,236],{"class":235},[44,107664,66],{"class":58},[44,107666,247],{"class":235},[44,107668,3468],{"class":239},[44,107670,236],{"class":235},[44,107672,77],{"class":58},[44,107674,107675,107677,107679,107681,107683,107685,107687,107689],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,107676,35644],{"class":50},[44,107678,86],{"class":58},[44,107680,25589],{"class":89},[44,107682,103],{"class":58},[44,107684,236],{"class":235},[44,107686,3450],{"class":239},[44,107688,236],{"class":235},[44,107690,108],{"class":58},[20,107692,39009,107693,107695],{},[15,107694,107349],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,107697,107698,107699,945,107703,86],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[167,107700,107701],{"href":941},[15,107702,102116],{},[167,107704,107706],{"href":107705},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,107707,102107],{},[131,107709,107711],{"id":107710},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,107713,107714],{},"Here is a simple example:",[35,107716,107718],{"className":37,"code":107717,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,107719,107720,107754,107758,107774,107778,107797],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107721,107722,107725,107727,107729,107731,107733,107735,107737,107739,107741,107743,107745,107747,107750,107752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107723,107724],{"class":50},"animals ",[44,107726,55],{"class":54},[44,107728,59],{"class":58},[44,107730,236],{"class":235},[44,107732,36401],{"class":239},[44,107734,236],{"class":235},[44,107736,66],{"class":58},[44,107738,247],{"class":235},[44,107740,57487],{"class":239},[44,107742,236],{"class":235},[44,107744,66],{"class":58},[44,107746,247],{"class":235},[44,107748,107749],{"class":239},"rabbit",[44,107751,236],{"class":235},[44,107753,77],{"class":58},[44,107755,107756],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,107757,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,107759,107760,107763,107765,107768,107770,107772],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,107761,107762],{"class":50},"removed_animal ",[44,107764,55],{"class":54},[44,107766,107767],{"class":50}," animals",[44,107769,86],{"class":58},[44,107771,25589],{"class":89},[44,107773,93],{"class":58},[44,107775,107776],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,107777,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,107779,107780,107782,107784,107786,107788,107790,107792,107795],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,107781,100],{"class":99},[44,107783,103],{"class":58},[44,107785,236],{"class":235},[44,107787,28305],{"class":239},[44,107789,236],{"class":235},[44,107791,66],{"class":58},[44,107793,107794],{"class":89}," removed_animal",[44,107796,108],{"class":58},[44,107798,107799,107801,107803,107805,107808,107810,107812,107814],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,107800,100],{"class":99},[44,107802,103],{"class":58},[44,107804,236],{"class":235},[44,107806,107807],{"class":239},"Updated set:",[44,107809,236],{"class":235},[44,107811,66],{"class":58},[44,107813,107767],{"class":89},[44,107815,108],{"class":58},[20,107817,29378],{},[35,107819,107821],{"className":37,"code":107820,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,107822,107823,107832],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107824,107825,107827,107829],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107826,28347],{"class":50},[44,107828,2255],{"class":58},[44,107830,107831],{"class":50}," dog\n",[44,107833,107834,107837,107839,107841,107843,107845,107847,107849,107851,107853,107855,107857],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,107835,107836],{"class":50},"Updated ",[44,107838,122],{"class":121},[44,107840,2255],{"class":58},[44,107842,59],{"class":58},[44,107844,1018],{"class":235},[44,107846,36401],{"class":239},[44,107848,1018],{"class":235},[44,107850,66],{"class":58},[44,107852,1012],{"class":235},[44,107854,107749],{"class":239},[44,107856,1018],{"class":235},[44,107858,77],{"class":58},[20,107860,107861],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[131,107863,107865],{"id":107864},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,107867,28998,107868,107870,107871,86],{},[15,107869,951],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,107872,19035],{},[20,107874,1578],{},[35,107876,107878],{"className":37,"code":107877,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,107879,107880,107890],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107881,107882,107884,107886,107888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107883,362],{"class":50},[44,107885,55],{"class":54},[44,107887,506],{"class":121},[44,107889,93],{"class":58},[44,107891,107892,107894,107896,107898],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,107893,397],{"class":50},[44,107895,86],{"class":58},[44,107897,25589],{"class":89},[44,107899,93],{"class":58},[20,107901,107902],{},"This raises:",[35,107904,107906],{"className":37,"code":107905,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,107907,107908],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107909,107910,107912,107914,107916,107919],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107911,19035],{"class":121},[44,107913,2255],{"class":58},[44,107915,1012],{"class":235},[44,107917,107918],{"class":239},"pop from an empty set",[44,107920,29048],{"class":235},[20,107922,107923,107924,107927],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[167,107925,107926],{"href":10441},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[347,107929,107931,107932],{"id":107930},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,107933,951],{},[20,107935,107936],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[35,107938,107940],{"className":37,"code":107939,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,107941,107942,107952,107956,107964,107979,107998,108004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107943,107944,107946,107948,107950],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107945,362],{"class":50},[44,107947,55],{"class":54},[44,107949,506],{"class":121},[44,107951,93],{"class":58},[44,107953,107954],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,107955,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,107957,107958,107960,107962],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,107959,6369],{"class":3245},[44,107961,5336],{"class":50},[44,107963,5764],{"class":58},[44,107965,107966,107969,107971,107973,107975,107977],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,107967,107968],{"class":50},"    removed ",[44,107970,55],{"class":54},[44,107972,5336],{"class":50},[44,107974,86],{"class":58},[44,107976,25589],{"class":89},[44,107978,93],{"class":58},[44,107980,107981,107983,107985,107987,107989,107991,107993,107996],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,107982,7442],{"class":99},[44,107984,103],{"class":58},[44,107986,236],{"class":235},[44,107988,28305],{"class":239},[44,107990,236],{"class":235},[44,107992,66],{"class":58},[44,107994,107995],{"class":89}," removed",[44,107997,108],{"class":58},[44,107999,108000,108002],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,108001,26782],{"class":3245},[44,108003,5764],{"class":58},[44,108005,108006,108008,108010,108012,108015,108017],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,108007,7442],{"class":99},[44,108009,103],{"class":58},[44,108011,236],{"class":235},[44,108013,108014],{"class":239},"The set is empty.",[44,108016,236],{"class":235},[44,108018,108],{"class":58},[347,108020,1462,108022,342,108024],{"id":108021},"use-try-and-except",[15,108023,29152],{},[15,108025,29183],{},[20,108027,108028],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[35,108030,108032],{"className":37,"code":108031,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108033,108034,108044,108048,108054,108068,108086,108094],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108035,108036,108038,108040,108042],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108037,362],{"class":50},[44,108039,55],{"class":54},[44,108041,506],{"class":121},[44,108043,93],{"class":58},[44,108045,108046],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,108047,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,108049,108050,108052],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,108051,29152],{"class":3245},[44,108053,5764],{"class":58},[44,108055,108056,108058,108060,108062,108064,108066],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,108057,107968],{"class":50},[44,108059,55],{"class":54},[44,108061,5336],{"class":50},[44,108063,86],{"class":58},[44,108065,25589],{"class":89},[44,108067,93],{"class":58},[44,108069,108070,108072,108074,108076,108078,108080,108082,108084],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,108071,7442],{"class":99},[44,108073,103],{"class":58},[44,108075,236],{"class":235},[44,108077,28305],{"class":239},[44,108079,236],{"class":235},[44,108081,66],{"class":58},[44,108083,107995],{"class":89},[44,108085,108],{"class":58},[44,108087,108088,108090,108092],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,108089,29183],{"class":3245},[44,108091,29186],{"class":121},[44,108093,5764],{"class":58},[44,108095,108096,108098,108100,108102,108105,108107],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,108097,7442],{"class":99},[44,108099,103],{"class":58},[44,108101,236],{"class":235},[44,108103,108104],{"class":239},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[44,108106,236],{"class":235},[44,108108,108],{"class":58},[131,108110,4331,108112,9953,108114,9953,108116],{"id":108111},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108113,951],{},[15,108115,944],{},[15,108117,102102],{},[20,108119,108120],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[347,108122,1462,108124],{"id":108123},"use-pop",[15,108125,951],{},[20,108127,1462,108128,9969],{},[15,108129,951],{},[145,108131,108132,108138,108141],{},[148,108133,108134,108135],{},"You want to remove ",[30,108136,108137],{},"any one item",[148,108139,108140],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[148,108142,108143],{},"You want the removed item returned",[35,108145,108147],{"className":37,"code":108146,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108148,108149,108169,108183],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108150,108151,108153,108155,108157,108159,108161,108163,108165,108167],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108152,51],{"class":50},[44,108154,55],{"class":54},[44,108156,59],{"class":58},[44,108158,63],{"class":62},[44,108160,66],{"class":58},[44,108162,69],{"class":62},[44,108164,66],{"class":58},[44,108166,74],{"class":62},[44,108168,77],{"class":58},[44,108170,108171,108173,108175,108177,108179,108181],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,108172,1817],{"class":50},[44,108174,55],{"class":54},[44,108176,649],{"class":50},[44,108178,86],{"class":58},[44,108180,25589],{"class":89},[44,108182,93],{"class":58},[44,108184,108185,108187,108189,108191],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,108186,100],{"class":99},[44,108188,103],{"class":58},[44,108190,1843],{"class":89},[44,108192,108],{"class":58},[347,108194,1462,108196],{"id":108195},"use-remove",[15,108197,944],{},[20,108199,1462,108200,9969],{},[15,108201,944],{},[145,108203,108204,108210],{},[148,108205,108206,108207],{},"You want to delete a ",[30,108208,108209],{},"specific item",[148,108211,108212],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[35,108214,108216],{"className":37,"code":108215,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108217,108218,108238,108252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108219,108220,108222,108224,108226,108228,108230,108232,108234,108236],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108221,51],{"class":50},[44,108223,55],{"class":54},[44,108225,59],{"class":58},[44,108227,63],{"class":62},[44,108229,66],{"class":58},[44,108231,69],{"class":62},[44,108233,66],{"class":58},[44,108235,74],{"class":62},[44,108237,77],{"class":58},[44,108239,108240,108242,108244,108246,108248,108250],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,108241,83],{"class":50},[44,108243,86],{"class":58},[44,108245,34146],{"class":89},[44,108247,103],{"class":58},[44,108249,1426],{"class":62},[44,108251,108],{"class":58},[44,108253,108254,108256,108258,108260],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,108255,100],{"class":99},[44,108257,103],{"class":58},[44,108259,83],{"class":89},[44,108261,108],{"class":58},[20,108263,108264,108265,108267,108268,108272],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108266,944],{}," raises an error. See the ",[167,108269,108270,1272],{"href":941},[15,108271,102116],{}," for details.",[347,108274,1462,108276],{"id":108275},"use-discard",[15,108277,102102],{},[20,108279,1462,108280,9969],{},[15,108281,102102],{},[145,108283,108284,108288],{},[148,108285,108206,108286],{},[30,108287,108209],{},[148,108289,108290,108291,108293],{},"You do ",[30,108292,604],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[35,108295,108297],{"className":37,"code":108296,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108298,108299,108319,108333],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108300,108301,108303,108305,108307,108309,108311,108313,108315,108317],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108302,51],{"class":50},[44,108304,55],{"class":54},[44,108306,59],{"class":58},[44,108308,63],{"class":62},[44,108310,66],{"class":58},[44,108312,69],{"class":62},[44,108314,66],{"class":58},[44,108316,74],{"class":62},[44,108318,77],{"class":58},[44,108320,108321,108323,108325,108327,108329,108331],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,108322,83],{"class":50},[44,108324,86],{"class":58},[44,108326,102169],{"class":89},[44,108328,103],{"class":58},[44,108330,1507],{"class":62},[44,108332,108],{"class":58},[44,108334,108335,108337,108339,108341],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,108336,100],{"class":99},[44,108338,103],{"class":58},[44,108340,83],{"class":89},[44,108342,108],{"class":58},[20,108344,108345,108346,108348,108349,108353],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,108347,1507],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[167,108350,108351,1272],{"href":107705},[15,108352,102107],{}," for more examples.",[131,108355,2200],{"id":2199},[20,108357,70842,108358,2255],{},[15,108359,107349],{},[145,108361,108362,108368,108373,108378],{},[148,108363,108364,108365],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,108366,108367],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[148,108369,923,108370,108372],{},[15,108371,951],{}," to remove the first or last item",[148,108374,28998,108375,108377],{},[15,108376,951],{}," on an empty set",[148,108379,350,108380,108382],{},[15,108381,951],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,108384,61656],{},[35,108386,108388],{"className":37,"code":108387,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,108389,108390,108400,108414,108428],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108391,108392,108394,108396,108398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108393,100],{"class":99},[44,108395,103],{"class":58},[44,108397,188],{"class":89},[44,108399,108],{"class":58},[44,108401,108402,108404,108406,108408,108410,108412],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,108403,100],{"class":99},[44,108405,103],{"class":58},[44,108407,10529],{"class":99},[44,108409,103],{"class":58},[44,108411,188],{"class":89},[44,108413,993],{"class":58},[44,108415,108416,108418,108420,108422,108424,108426],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,108417,100],{"class":99},[44,108419,103],{"class":58},[44,108421,985],{"class":121},[44,108423,103],{"class":58},[44,108425,188],{"class":89},[44,108427,993],{"class":58},[44,108429,108430,108432,108434,108436,108438,108440],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,108431,27887],{"class":50},[44,108433,55],{"class":54},[44,108435,833],{"class":50},[44,108437,86],{"class":58},[44,108439,25589],{"class":89},[44,108441,93],{"class":58},[20,108443,25356],{},[145,108445,108446,108449,108452,108455],{},[148,108447,108448],{},"What values are in the set",[148,108450,108451],{},"Whether the set is empty",[148,108453,108454],{},"That the object is really a set",[148,108456,108457],{},"What value was actually removed",[131,108459,1196],{"id":1195},[347,108461,1212,108463,108465],{"id":108462},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,108464,107349],{}," remove the first item?",[20,108467,108468,108469,108471],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,108470,951],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[347,108473,108475,108476,1239],{"id":108474},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,108477,107349],{},[20,108479,108480,108481,108483,108484,108486],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,108482,951],{},", set ",[15,108485,951],{}," does not accept an index.",[347,108488,108490],{"id":108489},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,108492,71010,108493,43988,108495,108497],{},[15,108494,19035],{},[15,108496,951],{}," is called on an empty set.",[347,108499,108501],{"id":108500},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,108503,1462,108504,945,108506,10459,108508,86],{},[15,108505,944],{},[15,108507,102102],{},[15,108509,951],{},[131,108511,1251],{"id":1250},[145,108513,108514,108518,108524,108530,108534],{},[148,108515,108516],{},[167,108517,170],{"href":169},[148,108519,108520],{},[167,108521,1268,108522,1272],{"href":941},[15,108523,944],{},[148,108525,108526],{},[167,108527,1268,108528,1272],{"href":107705},[15,108529,102102],{},[148,108531,108532],{},[167,108533,10630],{"href":10441},[148,108535,108536],{},[167,108537,54875],{"href":54427},[1294,108539,108540],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":108542},[108543,108544,108546,108547,108548,108549,108555,108564,108565,108573],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":107469,"depth":80,"text":108545},"What set.pop() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":107607,"depth":80,"text":107608},{"id":107710,"depth":80,"text":107711},{"id":107864,"depth":80,"text":107865,"children":108550},[108551,108553],{"id":107930,"depth":96,"text":108552},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108021,"depth":96,"text":108554},"Use try and except",{"id":108111,"depth":80,"text":108556,"children":108557},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[108558,108560,108562],{"id":108123,"depth":96,"text":108559},"Use pop()",{"id":108195,"depth":96,"text":108561},"Use remove()",{"id":108275,"depth":96,"text":108563},"Use discard()",{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":108566},[108567,108569,108571,108572],{"id":108462,"depth":96,"text":108568},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108474,"depth":96,"text":108570},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":108489,"depth":96,"text":108490},{"id":108500,"depth":96,"text":108501},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107337,"description":108574},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":108581,"title":108582,"body":108583,"description":109737,"extension":1331,"meta":109738,"navigation":268,"path":109739,"seo":109740,"stem":109741,"__hash__":109742},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":108584,"toc":109705},[108585,108590,108595,108604,108606,108671,108675,108699,108706,108711,108715,108730,108733,108735,108754,108768,108771,108819,108823,108839,108841,108914,108918,108943,108949,108957,108961,108968,109023,109028,109045,109051,109057,109062,109070,109077,109081,109089,109144,109146,109163,109167,109174,109239,109243,109276,109278,109290,109297,109299,109304,109311,109313,109382,109386,109394,109396,109460,109464,109469,109516,109521,109589,109597,109604,109607,109613,109618,109622,109624,109627,109629,109634,109639,109645,109650,109657,109665,109671,109674,109676,109702],[10,108586,13,108588,18],{"id":108587},"python-set-remove-method",[15,108589,944],{},[20,108591,108592,108594],{},[15,108593,102116],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,108596,108597,108598,108601,108602,86],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[30,108599,108600],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,108603,19035],{},[131,108605,1372],{"id":1371},[35,108607,108609],{"className":37,"code":108608,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108610,108611,108643,108661],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108612,108613,108615,108617,108619,108621,108623,108625,108627,108629,108631,108633,108635,108637,108639,108641],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108614,228],{"class":50},[44,108616,55],{"class":54},[44,108618,59],{"class":58},[44,108620,236],{"class":235},[44,108622,240],{"class":239},[44,108624,236],{"class":235},[44,108626,66],{"class":58},[44,108628,247],{"class":235},[44,108630,259],{"class":239},[44,108632,236],{"class":235},[44,108634,66],{"class":58},[44,108636,247],{"class":235},[44,108638,250],{"class":239},[44,108640,236],{"class":235},[44,108642,77],{"class":58},[44,108644,108645,108647,108649,108651,108653,108655,108657,108659],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,108646,274],{"class":50},[44,108648,86],{"class":58},[44,108650,34146],{"class":89},[44,108652,103],{"class":58},[44,108654,236],{"class":235},[44,108656,259],{"class":239},[44,108658,236],{"class":235},[44,108660,108],{"class":58},[44,108662,108663,108665,108667,108669],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,108664,100],{"class":99},[44,108666,103],{"class":58},[44,108668,274],{"class":89},[44,108670,108],{"class":58},[20,108672,108673],{},[30,108674,29378],{},[35,108676,108677],{"className":37,"code":102796,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,108678,108679],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108680,108681,108683,108685,108687,108689,108691,108693,108695,108697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108682,550],{"class":58},[44,108684,1018],{"class":235},[44,108686,240],{"class":239},[44,108688,1018],{"class":235},[44,108690,66],{"class":58},[44,108692,1012],{"class":235},[44,108694,250],{"class":239},[44,108696,1018],{"class":235},[44,108698,77],{"class":58},[20,108700,1462,108701,108703,108704,86],{},[15,108702,944],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,108705,19035],{},[131,108707,134,108709,137],{"id":108708},"what-setremove-does",[15,108710,102116],{},[20,108712,108713,2255],{},[15,108714,102116],{},[145,108716,108717,108720,108722,108724],{},[148,108718,108719],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[148,108721,153],{},[148,108723,95678],{},[148,108725,108726,108727,108729],{},"Raises ",[15,108728,19035],{}," if the value is missing",[20,108731,108732],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[131,108734,175],{"id":174},[35,108736,108738],{"className":37,"code":108737,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,108739,108740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108741,108742,108744,108746,108748,108750,108752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108743,188],{"class":50},[44,108745,86],{"class":58},[44,108747,34146],{"class":89},[44,108749,103],{"class":58},[44,108751,1843],{"class":89},[44,108753,108],{"class":58},[145,108755,108756,108760,108765],{},[148,108757,108758,102338],{},[15,108759,188],{},[148,108761,108762,108764],{},[15,108763,1843],{}," is the item to remove",[148,108766,108767],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,108769,108770],{},"Here is a small example:",[35,108772,108773],{"className":37,"code":108215,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,108774,108775,108795,108809],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108776,108777,108779,108781,108783,108785,108787,108789,108791,108793],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108778,51],{"class":50},[44,108780,55],{"class":54},[44,108782,59],{"class":58},[44,108784,63],{"class":62},[44,108786,66],{"class":58},[44,108788,69],{"class":62},[44,108790,66],{"class":58},[44,108792,74],{"class":62},[44,108794,77],{"class":58},[44,108796,108797,108799,108801,108803,108805,108807],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,108798,83],{"class":50},[44,108800,86],{"class":58},[44,108802,34146],{"class":89},[44,108804,103],{"class":58},[44,108806,1426],{"class":62},[44,108808,108],{"class":58},[44,108810,108811,108813,108815,108817],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,108812,100],{"class":99},[44,108814,103],{"class":58},[44,108816,83],{"class":89},[44,108818,108],{"class":58},[20,108820,108821],{},[30,108822,29378],{},[35,108824,108825],{"className":37,"code":100546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,108826,108827],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108828,108829,108831,108833,108835,108837],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108830,550],{"class":58},[44,108832,63],{"class":62},[44,108834,66],{"class":58},[44,108836,74],{"class":62},[44,108838,77],{"class":58},[131,108840,215],{"id":214},[35,108842,108844],{"className":37,"code":108843,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,108845,108846,108878,108882,108900,108904],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108847,108848,108850,108852,108854,108856,108858,108860,108862,108864,108866,108868,108870,108872,108874,108876],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108849,35592],{"class":50},[44,108851,55],{"class":54},[44,108853,59],{"class":58},[44,108855,236],{"class":235},[44,108857,3450],{"class":239},[44,108859,236],{"class":235},[44,108861,66],{"class":58},[44,108863,247],{"class":235},[44,108865,3459],{"class":239},[44,108867,236],{"class":235},[44,108869,66],{"class":58},[44,108871,247],{"class":235},[44,108873,32571],{"class":239},[44,108875,236],{"class":235},[44,108877,77],{"class":58},[44,108879,108880],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,108881,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,108883,108884,108886,108888,108890,108892,108894,108896,108898],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,108885,35644],{"class":50},[44,108887,86],{"class":58},[44,108889,34146],{"class":89},[44,108891,103],{"class":58},[44,108893,236],{"class":235},[44,108895,3459],{"class":239},[44,108897,236],{"class":235},[44,108899,108],{"class":58},[44,108901,108902],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,108903,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,108905,108906,108908,108910,108912],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,108907,100],{"class":99},[44,108909,103],{"class":58},[44,108911,35644],{"class":89},[44,108913,108],{"class":58},[20,108915,108916],{},[30,108917,29378],{},[35,108919,108921],{"className":37,"code":108920,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,108922,108923],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108924,108925,108927,108929,108931,108933,108935,108937,108939,108941],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108926,550],{"class":58},[44,108928,1018],{"class":235},[44,108930,3450],{"class":239},[44,108932,1018],{"class":235},[44,108934,66],{"class":58},[44,108936,1012],{"class":235},[44,108938,32571],{"class":239},[44,108940,1018],{"class":235},[44,108942,77],{"class":58},[20,108944,108945,108946,108948],{},"This removes ",[15,108947,64636],{}," from the set.",[20,108950,108951,108952,108954,108955,86],{},"A set does ",[30,108953,604],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[167,108956,592],{"href":591},[131,108958,108960],{"id":108959},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,108962,108963,108964,51856,108966,86],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,108965,944],{},[15,108967,19035],{},[35,108969,108971],{"className":37,"code":108970,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,108972,108973,109005],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108974,108975,108977,108979,108981,108983,108985,108987,108989,108991,108993,108995,108997,108999,109001,109003],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108976,228],{"class":50},[44,108978,55],{"class":54},[44,108980,59],{"class":58},[44,108982,236],{"class":235},[44,108984,240],{"class":239},[44,108986,236],{"class":235},[44,108988,66],{"class":58},[44,108990,247],{"class":235},[44,108992,259],{"class":239},[44,108994,236],{"class":235},[44,108996,66],{"class":58},[44,108998,247],{"class":235},[44,109000,250],{"class":239},[44,109002,236],{"class":235},[44,109004,77],{"class":58},[44,109006,109007,109009,109011,109013,109015,109017,109019,109021],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,109008,274],{"class":50},[44,109010,86],{"class":58},[44,109012,34146],{"class":89},[44,109014,103],{"class":58},[44,109016,236],{"class":235},[44,109018,21871],{"class":239},[44,109020,236],{"class":235},[44,109022,108],{"class":58},[20,109024,109025],{},[30,109026,109027],{},"Result:",[35,109029,109031],{"className":37,"code":109030,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109032,109033],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109034,109035,109037,109039,109041,109043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109036,19035],{"class":121},[44,109038,2255],{"class":58},[44,109040,1012],{"class":235},[44,109042,21871],{"class":239},[44,109044,29048],{"class":235},[20,109046,768,109047,109050],{},[15,109048,109049],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109052,109053,109054,109056],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109055,944],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109058,109059,109060,86],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[167,109061,10630],{"href":10441},[131,109063,3570,109065,109067,109068],{"id":109064},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109066,944],{}," is different from ",[15,109069,102102],{},[20,109071,109072,342,109074,109076],{},[15,109073,944],{},[15,109075,102102],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[347,109078,109079],{"id":34146},[15,109080,944],{},[145,109082,109083,109086],{},[148,109084,109085],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[148,109087,109088],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[35,109090,109092],{"className":37,"code":109091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109093,109094,109126],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109095,109096,109098,109100,109102,109104,109106,109108,109110,109112,109114,109116,109118,109120,109122,109124],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109097,35444],{"class":50},[44,109099,55],{"class":54},[44,109101,59],{"class":58},[44,109103,236],{"class":235},[44,109105,167],{"class":239},[44,109107,236],{"class":235},[44,109109,66],{"class":58},[44,109111,247],{"class":235},[44,109113,1164],{"class":239},[44,109115,236],{"class":235},[44,109117,66],{"class":58},[44,109119,247],{"class":235},[44,109121,9109],{"class":239},[44,109123,236],{"class":235},[44,109125,77],{"class":58},[44,109127,109128,109130,109132,109134,109136,109138,109140,109142],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,109129,35497],{"class":50},[44,109131,86],{"class":58},[44,109133,34146],{"class":89},[44,109135,103],{"class":58},[44,109137,236],{"class":235},[44,109139,18115],{"class":239},[44,109141,236],{"class":235},[44,109143,108],{"class":58},[20,109145,107902],{},[35,109147,109149],{"className":37,"code":109148,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109150,109151],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109152,109153,109155,109157,109159,109161],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109154,19035],{"class":121},[44,109156,2255],{"class":58},[44,109158,1012],{"class":235},[44,109160,18115],{"class":239},[44,109162,29048],{"class":235},[347,109164,109165],{"id":102169},[15,109166,102102],{},[145,109168,109169,109171],{},[148,109170,109085],{},[148,109172,109173],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[35,109175,109177],{"className":37,"code":109176,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109178,109179,109211,109229],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109180,109181,109183,109185,109187,109189,109191,109193,109195,109197,109199,109201,109203,109205,109207,109209],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109182,35444],{"class":50},[44,109184,55],{"class":54},[44,109186,59],{"class":58},[44,109188,236],{"class":235},[44,109190,167],{"class":239},[44,109192,236],{"class":235},[44,109194,66],{"class":58},[44,109196,247],{"class":235},[44,109198,1164],{"class":239},[44,109200,236],{"class":235},[44,109202,66],{"class":58},[44,109204,247],{"class":235},[44,109206,9109],{"class":239},[44,109208,236],{"class":235},[44,109210,77],{"class":58},[44,109212,109213,109215,109217,109219,109221,109223,109225,109227],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,109214,35497],{"class":50},[44,109216,86],{"class":58},[44,109218,102169],{"class":89},[44,109220,103],{"class":58},[44,109222,236],{"class":235},[44,109224,18115],{"class":239},[44,109226,236],{"class":235},[44,109228,108],{"class":58},[44,109230,109231,109233,109235,109237],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,109232,100],{"class":99},[44,109234,103],{"class":58},[44,109236,35497],{"class":89},[44,109238,108],{"class":58},[20,109240,109241],{},[30,109242,111],{},[35,109244,109246],{"className":37,"code":109245,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109247,109248],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109249,109250,109252,109254,109256,109258,109260,109262,109264,109266,109268,109270,109272,109274],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109251,550],{"class":58},[44,109253,1018],{"class":235},[44,109255,167],{"class":239},[44,109257,1018],{"class":235},[44,109259,66],{"class":58},[44,109261,1012],{"class":235},[44,109263,1164],{"class":239},[44,109265,1018],{"class":235},[44,109267,66],{"class":58},[44,109269,1012],{"class":235},[44,109271,9109],{"class":239},[44,109273,1018],{"class":235},[44,109275,77],{"class":58},[20,109277,18042],{},[145,109279,109280,109285],{},[148,109281,109282,109284],{},[15,109283,944],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[148,109286,109287,109289],{},[15,109288,102102],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109291,109292,109293,86],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[167,109294,1268,109295,1272],{"href":107705},[15,109296,102102],{},[131,109298,784],{"id":783},[347,109300,923,109302,96549],{"id":109301},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109303,944],{},[20,109305,109306,109308,109309,86],{},[15,109307,944],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109310,159],{},[20,109312,798],{},[35,109314,109316],{"className":37,"code":109315,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109317,109318,109350,109372],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109319,109320,109322,109324,109326,109328,109330,109332,109334,109336,109338,109340,109342,109344,109346,109348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109321,228],{"class":50},[44,109323,55],{"class":54},[44,109325,59],{"class":58},[44,109327,236],{"class":235},[44,109329,240],{"class":239},[44,109331,236],{"class":235},[44,109333,66],{"class":58},[44,109335,247],{"class":235},[44,109337,259],{"class":239},[44,109339,236],{"class":235},[44,109341,66],{"class":58},[44,109343,247],{"class":235},[44,109345,250],{"class":239},[44,109347,236],{"class":235},[44,109349,77],{"class":58},[44,109351,109352,109354,109356,109358,109360,109362,109364,109366,109368,109370],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,109353,12472],{"class":50},[44,109355,55],{"class":54},[44,109357,12477],{"class":50},[44,109359,86],{"class":58},[44,109361,34146],{"class":89},[44,109363,103],{"class":58},[44,109365,236],{"class":235},[44,109367,259],{"class":239},[44,109369,236],{"class":235},[44,109371,108],{"class":58},[44,109373,109374,109376,109378,109380],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,109375,100],{"class":99},[44,109377,103],{"class":58},[44,109379,12496],{"class":89},[44,109381,108],{"class":58},[20,109383,109384],{},[30,109385,111],{},[35,109387,109388],{"className":37,"code":693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109389,109390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109391,109392],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109393,693],{"class":692},[20,109395,862],{},[35,109397,109398],{"className":37,"code":108608,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109399,109400,109432,109450],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109401,109402,109404,109406,109408,109410,109412,109414,109416,109418,109420,109422,109424,109426,109428,109430],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109403,228],{"class":50},[44,109405,55],{"class":54},[44,109407,59],{"class":58},[44,109409,236],{"class":235},[44,109411,240],{"class":239},[44,109413,236],{"class":235},[44,109415,66],{"class":58},[44,109417,247],{"class":235},[44,109419,259],{"class":239},[44,109421,236],{"class":235},[44,109423,66],{"class":58},[44,109425,247],{"class":235},[44,109427,250],{"class":239},[44,109429,236],{"class":235},[44,109431,77],{"class":58},[44,109433,109434,109436,109438,109440,109442,109444,109446,109448],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,109435,274],{"class":50},[44,109437,86],{"class":58},[44,109439,34146],{"class":89},[44,109441,103],{"class":58},[44,109443,236],{"class":235},[44,109445,259],{"class":239},[44,109447,236],{"class":235},[44,109449,108],{"class":58},[44,109451,109452,109454,109456,109458],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,109453,100],{"class":99},[44,109455,103],{"class":58},[44,109457,274],{"class":89},[44,109459,108],{"class":58},[347,109461,109463],{"id":109462},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,109465,109466,109467,86],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,109468,19035],{},[35,109470,109472],{"className":37,"code":109471,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109473,109474,109498],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109475,109476,109478,109480,109482,109484,109486,109488,109490,109492,109494,109496],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109477,228],{"class":50},[44,109479,55],{"class":54},[44,109481,59],{"class":58},[44,109483,236],{"class":235},[44,109485,240],{"class":239},[44,109487,236],{"class":235},[44,109489,66],{"class":58},[44,109491,247],{"class":235},[44,109493,259],{"class":239},[44,109495,236],{"class":235},[44,109497,77],{"class":58},[44,109499,109500,109502,109504,109506,109508,109510,109512,109514],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,109501,274],{"class":50},[44,109503,86],{"class":58},[44,109505,34146],{"class":89},[44,109507,103],{"class":58},[44,109509,236],{"class":235},[44,109511,250],{"class":239},[44,109513,236],{"class":235},[44,109515,108],{"class":58},[20,109517,109518,109519,2255],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,109520,3252],{},[35,109522,109524],{"className":37,"code":109523,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109525,109526,109550,109554,109570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109527,109528,109530,109532,109534,109536,109538,109540,109542,109544,109546,109548],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109529,228],{"class":50},[44,109531,55],{"class":54},[44,109533,59],{"class":58},[44,109535,236],{"class":235},[44,109537,240],{"class":239},[44,109539,236],{"class":235},[44,109541,66],{"class":58},[44,109543,247],{"class":235},[44,109545,259],{"class":239},[44,109547,236],{"class":235},[44,109549,77],{"class":58},[44,109551,109552],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,109553,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,109555,109556,109558,109560,109562,109564,109566,109568],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,109557,6369],{"class":3245},[44,109559,247],{"class":235},[44,109561,250],{"class":239},[44,109563,236],{"class":235},[44,109565,20521],{"class":54},[44,109567,12477],{"class":50},[44,109569,5764],{"class":58},[44,109571,109572,109575,109577,109579,109581,109583,109585,109587],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,109573,109574],{"class":50},"    colors",[44,109576,86],{"class":58},[44,109578,34146],{"class":89},[44,109580,103],{"class":58},[44,109582,236],{"class":235},[44,109584,250],{"class":239},[44,109586,236],{"class":235},[44,109588,108],{"class":58},[20,109590,109591,109592,109596],{},"Or use ",[167,109593,109594],{"href":107705},[15,109595,102102],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[347,109598,36558,109600,8078,109602],{"id":109599},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,109601,102116],{},[15,109603,54435],{},[20,109605,109606],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,109608,109609,109610,109612],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,109611,102116],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,109614,109615,109616,86],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[167,109617,98326],{"href":98325},[347,109619,109621],{"id":109620},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,109623,107611],{},[20,109625,109626],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[131,109628,1196],{"id":1195},[347,109630,1212,109632,96648],{"id":109631},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,109633,102116],{},[20,109635,109636,109637,86],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,109638,159],{},[347,109640,29636,109642,109644],{"id":109641},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,109643,102116],{}," raise?",[20,109646,29642,109647,109649],{},[15,109648,19035],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[347,109651,20768,109653,945,109655,1239],{"id":109652},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,109654,944],{},[15,109656,102102],{},[20,109658,1462,109659,109661,109662,109664],{},[15,109660,944],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,109663,102102],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[347,109666,4538,109668,109670],{"id":109667},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,109669,102116],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,109672,109673],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[131,109675,1251],{"id":1250},[145,109677,109678,109684,109690,109694,109698],{},[148,109679,109680],{},[167,109681,1268,109682,1272],{"href":107705},[15,109683,102102],{},[148,109685,109686],{},[167,109687,1268,109688,1272],{"href":948},[15,109689,951],{},[148,109691,109692],{},[167,109693,1262],{"href":591},[148,109695,109696],{},[167,109697,99592],{"href":98325},[148,109699,109700],{},[167,109701,10630],{"href":10441},[1294,109703,109704],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":109706},[109707,109708,109710,109711,109712,109713,109718,109726,109736],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":108708,"depth":80,"text":109709},"What set.remove() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":214,"depth":80,"text":215},{"id":108959,"depth":80,"text":108960},{"id":109064,"depth":80,"text":109714,"children":109715},"How remove() is different from discard()",[109716,109717],{"id":34146,"depth":96,"text":944},{"id":102169,"depth":96,"text":102102},{"id":783,"depth":80,"text":784,"children":109719},[109720,109722,109723,109725],{"id":109301,"depth":96,"text":109721},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109462,"depth":96,"text":109463},{"id":109599,"depth":96,"text":109724},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":109620,"depth":96,"text":109621},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":109727},[109728,109730,109732,109734],{"id":109631,"depth":96,"text":109729},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":109641,"depth":96,"text":109731},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":109652,"depth":96,"text":109733},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":109667,"depth":96,"text":109735},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":108582,"description":109737},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":109744,"title":109745,"body":109746,"description":111119,"extension":1331,"meta":111120,"navigation":268,"path":111121,"seo":111122,"stem":111123,"__hash__":111124},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":109747,"toc":111094},[109748,109754,109760,109763,109766,109780,109782,109863,109866,109871,109875,109889,109896,109898,109917,109920,109938,109940,110020,110022,110047,110051,110054,110062,110067,110072,110074,110087,110092,110095,110119,110122,110130,110132,110135,110232,110234,110267,110269,110295,110302,110305,110309,110317,110321,110329,110331,110421,110423,110437,110444,110449,110454,110456,110547,110549,110561,110563,110577,110583,110591,110593,110675,110677,110722,110725,110733,110736,110738,110742,110785,110787,110807,110812,110814,110899,110901,110906,110908,110915,110923,110929,110932,110934,111020,111022,111046,111050,111053,111055,111082,111092],[10,109749,13,109751,18],{"id":109750},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,109752,109753],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,109755,109756,109759],{},[15,109757,109758],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,109761,109762],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,109764,109765],{},"Use it when:",[145,109767,109768,109771,109777],{},[148,109769,109770],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[148,109772,109773,109774,109776],{},"you do ",[30,109775,604],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[148,109778,109779],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[131,109781,2979],{"id":2978},[35,109783,109785],{"className":37,"code":109784,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,109786,109787,109807,109827,109831,109850],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109788,109789,109791,109793,109795,109797,109799,109801,109803,109805],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109790,1095],{"class":50},[44,109792,55],{"class":54},[44,109794,59],{"class":58},[44,109796,63],{"class":62},[44,109798,66],{"class":58},[44,109800,69],{"class":62},[44,109802,66],{"class":58},[44,109804,74],{"class":62},[44,109806,77],{"class":58},[44,109808,109809,109811,109813,109815,109817,109819,109821,109823,109825],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,109810,1122],{"class":50},[44,109812,55],{"class":54},[44,109814,59],{"class":58},[44,109816,1432],{"class":62},[44,109818,66],{"class":58},[44,109820,1827],{"class":62},[44,109822,66],{"class":58},[44,109824,3975],{"class":62},[44,109826,77],{"class":58},[44,109828,109829],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,109830,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,109832,109833,109835,109837,109839,109841,109844,109846,109848],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,109834,644],{"class":50},[44,109836,55],{"class":54},[44,109838,56247],{"class":50},[44,109840,86],{"class":58},[44,109842,109843],{"class":89},"symmetric_difference",[44,109845,103],{"class":58},[44,109847,1164],{"class":89},[44,109849,108],{"class":58},[44,109851,109852,109854,109856,109858,109860],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,109853,100],{"class":99},[44,109855,103],{"class":58},[44,109857,668],{"class":89},[44,109859,3032],{"class":58},[44,109861,109862],{"class":3035},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,109864,109865],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[131,109867,134,109869,137],{"id":109868},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,109870,109753],{},[20,109872,109873,2255],{},[15,109874,109758],{},[145,109876,109877,109880,109883,109886],{},[148,109878,109879],{},"returns a new set",[148,109881,109882],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[148,109884,109885],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[148,109887,109888],{},"does not change the original set",[20,109890,165,109891,945,109893,86],{},[167,109892,170],{"href":95686},[167,109894,109895],{"href":95689},"creating a set in Python",[131,109897,175],{"id":174},[35,109899,109901],{"className":37,"code":109900,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,109902,109903],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109904,109905,109907,109909,109911,109913,109915],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109906,99833],{"class":50},[44,109908,86],{"class":58},[44,109910,109843],{"class":89},[44,109912,103],{"class":58},[44,109914,99842],{"class":89},[44,109916,108],{"class":58},[20,109918,109919],{},"Notes:",[145,109921,109922,109927,109932,109935],{},[148,109923,109924,109926],{},[15,109925,99833],{}," must be a set",[148,109928,109929,109931],{},[15,109930,99842],{}," can be any iterable",[148,109933,109934],{},"the result is always a set",[148,109936,109937],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,109939,1578],{},[35,109941,109943],{"className":37,"code":109942,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,109944,109945,109966,109987,109991,110010],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109946,109947,109950,109952,109954,109956,109958,109960,109962,109964],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109948,109949],{"class":50},"set1 ",[44,109951,55],{"class":54},[44,109953,59],{"class":58},[44,109955,63],{"class":62},[44,109957,66],{"class":58},[44,109959,69],{"class":62},[44,109961,66],{"class":58},[44,109963,74],{"class":62},[44,109965,77],{"class":58},[44,109967,109968,109971,109973,109975,109977,109979,109981,109983,109985],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,109969,109970],{"class":50},"set2 ",[44,109972,55],{"class":54},[44,109974,59],{"class":58},[44,109976,1432],{"class":62},[44,109978,66],{"class":58},[44,109980,1827],{"class":62},[44,109982,66],{"class":58},[44,109984,3975],{"class":62},[44,109986,77],{"class":58},[44,109988,109989],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,109990,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,109992,109993,109995,109997,110000,110002,110004,110006,110008],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,109994,644],{"class":50},[44,109996,55],{"class":54},[44,109998,109999],{"class":50}," set1",[44,110001,86],{"class":58},[44,110003,109843],{"class":89},[44,110005,103],{"class":58},[44,110007,99842],{"class":89},[44,110009,108],{"class":58},[44,110011,110012,110014,110016,110018],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,110013,100],{"class":99},[44,110015,103],{"class":58},[44,110017,668],{"class":89},[44,110019,108],{"class":58},[20,110021,111],{},[35,110023,110025],{"className":37,"code":110024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110026,110027],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110028,110029,110031,110033,110035,110037,110039,110041,110043,110045],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110030,550],{"class":58},[44,110032,63],{"class":62},[44,110034,66],{"class":58},[44,110036,69],{"class":62},[44,110038,66],{"class":58},[44,110040,1827],{"class":62},[44,110042,66],{"class":58},[44,110044,3975],{"class":62},[44,110046,77],{"class":58},[131,110048,110050],{"id":110049},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110052,110053],{},"The result includes:",[145,110055,110056,110059],{},[148,110057,110058],{},"items only in the first set",[148,110060,110061],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110063,110064,110065,10450],{},"The result does ",[30,110066,604],{},[145,110068,110069],{},[148,110070,110071],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110073,4841],{},[145,110075,110076,110081],{},[148,110077,110078,110079],{},"first set: ",[15,110080,99530],{},[148,110082,110083,110084],{},"second set: ",[15,110085,110086],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110088,3420,110089,110091],{},[15,110090,1432],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110093,110094],{},"The output is:",[35,110096,110097],{"className":37,"code":110024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,110098,110099],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110100,110101,110103,110105,110107,110109,110111,110113,110115,110117],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110102,550],{"class":58},[44,110104,63],{"class":62},[44,110106,66],{"class":58},[44,110108,69],{"class":62},[44,110110,66],{"class":58},[44,110112,1827],{"class":62},[44,110114,66],{"class":58},[44,110116,3975],{"class":62},[44,110118,77],{"class":58},[20,110120,110121],{},"Also remember:",[145,110123,110124,110127],{},[148,110125,110126],{},"sets are unordered",[148,110128,110129],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[131,110131,215],{"id":214},[20,110133,110134],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[35,110136,110138],{"className":37,"code":110137,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110139,110140,110172,110196,110200,110218,110222],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110141,110142,110144,110146,110148,110150,110152,110154,110156,110158,110160,110162,110164,110166,110168,110170],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110143,106273],{"class":50},[44,110145,55],{"class":54},[44,110147,59],{"class":58},[44,110149,236],{"class":235},[44,110151,240],{"class":239},[44,110153,236],{"class":235},[44,110155,66],{"class":58},[44,110157,247],{"class":235},[44,110159,259],{"class":239},[44,110161,236],{"class":235},[44,110163,66],{"class":58},[44,110165,247],{"class":235},[44,110167,250],{"class":239},[44,110169,236],{"class":235},[44,110171,77],{"class":58},[44,110173,110174,110176,110178,110180,110182,110184,110186,110188,110190,110192,110194],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,110175,106306],{"class":50},[44,110177,55],{"class":54},[44,110179,59],{"class":58},[44,110181,236],{"class":235},[44,110183,250],{"class":239},[44,110185,236],{"class":235},[44,110187,66],{"class":58},[44,110189,247],{"class":235},[44,110191,21871],{"class":239},[44,110193,236],{"class":235},[44,110195,77],{"class":58},[44,110197,110198],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,110199,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,110201,110202,110204,110206,110208,110210,110212,110214,110216],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,110203,644],{"class":50},[44,110205,55],{"class":54},[44,110207,106348],{"class":50},[44,110209,86],{"class":58},[44,110211,109843],{"class":89},[44,110213,103],{"class":58},[44,110215,106357],{"class":89},[44,110217,108],{"class":58},[44,110219,110220],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,110221,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,110223,110224,110226,110228,110230],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,110225,100],{"class":99},[44,110227,103],{"class":58},[44,110229,668],{"class":89},[44,110231,108],{"class":58},[20,110233,111],{},[35,110235,110237],{"className":37,"code":110236,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110238,110239],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110240,110241,110243,110245,110247,110249,110251,110253,110255,110257,110259,110261,110263,110265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110242,550],{"class":58},[44,110244,1018],{"class":235},[44,110246,240],{"class":239},[44,110248,1018],{"class":235},[44,110250,66],{"class":58},[44,110252,1012],{"class":235},[44,110254,259],{"class":239},[44,110256,1018],{"class":235},[44,110258,66],{"class":58},[44,110260,1012],{"class":235},[44,110262,21871],{"class":239},[44,110264,1018],{"class":235},[44,110266,77],{"class":58},[20,110268,12763],{},[145,110270,110271,110276,110287],{},[148,110272,110273,110275],{},[15,110274,95850],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[148,110277,110278,342,110280,110283,110284,110286],{},[15,110279,64754],{},[15,110281,110282],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110285,106410],{},", so they stay",[148,110288,110289,110291,110292,110294],{},[15,110290,109049],{}," is only in ",[15,110293,106357],{},", so it stays",[131,110296,110298,9953,110300],{"id":110297},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110299,109753],{},[15,110301,99662],{},[20,110303,110304],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110306,110307,2255],{},[15,110308,99662],{},[145,110310,110311,110314],{},[148,110312,110313],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[148,110315,110316],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110318,110319,2255],{},[15,110320,109753],{},[145,110322,110323,110326],{},[148,110324,110325],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[148,110327,110328],{},"removes shared items",[20,110330,1578],{},[35,110332,110334],{"className":37,"code":110333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110335,110336,110356,110376,110380,110401],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110337,110338,110340,110342,110344,110346,110348,110350,110352,110354],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110339,1095],{"class":50},[44,110341,55],{"class":54},[44,110343,59],{"class":58},[44,110345,63],{"class":62},[44,110347,66],{"class":58},[44,110349,69],{"class":62},[44,110351,66],{"class":58},[44,110353,74],{"class":62},[44,110355,77],{"class":58},[44,110357,110358,110360,110362,110364,110366,110368,110370,110372,110374],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,110359,1122],{"class":50},[44,110361,55],{"class":54},[44,110363,59],{"class":58},[44,110365,1432],{"class":62},[44,110367,66],{"class":58},[44,110369,1827],{"class":62},[44,110371,66],{"class":58},[44,110373,3975],{"class":62},[44,110375,77],{"class":58},[44,110377,110378],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,110379,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,110381,110382,110384,110386,110388,110390,110392,110394,110396,110398],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,110383,100],{"class":99},[44,110385,103],{"class":58},[44,110387,167],{"class":89},[44,110389,86],{"class":58},[44,110391,2181],{"class":89},[44,110393,103],{"class":58},[44,110395,1164],{"class":89},[44,110397,4730],{"class":58},[44,110399,110400],{"class":3035},"            # {1, 2}\n",[44,110402,110403,110405,110407,110409,110411,110413,110415,110417,110419],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,110404,100],{"class":99},[44,110406,103],{"class":58},[44,110408,167],{"class":89},[44,110410,86],{"class":58},[44,110412,109843],{"class":89},[44,110414,103],{"class":58},[44,110416,1164],{"class":89},[44,110418,4730],{"class":58},[44,110420,109862],{"class":3035},[20,110422,18042],{},[145,110424,110425,110432],{},[148,110426,110427,110431],{},[167,110428,110429],{"href":102088},[15,110430,99662],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[148,110433,110434,110436],{},[15,110435,109753],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[131,110438,110440,9953,110442],{"id":110439},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,110441,109753],{},[15,110443,102047],{},[20,110445,110446,110448],{},[15,110447,102047],{}," combines both sets.",[20,110450,110451,110453],{},[15,110452,109753],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,110455,1578],{},[35,110457,110459],{"className":37,"code":110458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110460,110461,110481,110501,110505,110527],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110462,110463,110465,110467,110469,110471,110473,110475,110477,110479],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110464,1095],{"class":50},[44,110466,55],{"class":54},[44,110468,59],{"class":58},[44,110470,63],{"class":62},[44,110472,66],{"class":58},[44,110474,69],{"class":62},[44,110476,66],{"class":58},[44,110478,74],{"class":62},[44,110480,77],{"class":58},[44,110482,110483,110485,110487,110489,110491,110493,110495,110497,110499],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,110484,1122],{"class":50},[44,110486,55],{"class":54},[44,110488,59],{"class":58},[44,110490,1432],{"class":62},[44,110492,66],{"class":58},[44,110494,1827],{"class":62},[44,110496,66],{"class":58},[44,110498,3975],{"class":62},[44,110500,77],{"class":58},[44,110502,110503],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,110504,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,110506,110507,110509,110511,110513,110515,110518,110520,110522,110524],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,110508,100],{"class":99},[44,110510,103],{"class":58},[44,110512,167],{"class":89},[44,110514,86],{"class":58},[44,110516,110517],{"class":89},"union",[44,110519,103],{"class":58},[44,110521,1164],{"class":89},[44,110523,4730],{"class":58},[44,110525,110526],{"class":3035},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[44,110528,110529,110531,110533,110535,110537,110539,110541,110543,110545],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,110530,100],{"class":99},[44,110532,103],{"class":58},[44,110534,167],{"class":89},[44,110536,86],{"class":58},[44,110538,109843],{"class":89},[44,110540,103],{"class":58},[44,110542,1164],{"class":89},[44,110544,4730],{"class":58},[44,110546,109862],{"class":3035},[20,110548,26569],{},[145,110550,110551,110556],{},[148,110552,110553,110555],{},[15,110554,102047],{}," includes everything",[148,110557,110558,110560],{},[15,110559,109753],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,110562,18042],{},[145,110564,110565,110572],{},[148,110566,110567,110571],{},[167,110568,110569],{"href":106978},[15,110570,102047],{}," when overlap does not matter",[148,110573,110574,110576],{},[15,110575,109753],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[131,110578,35966,110580,100846],{"id":110579},"using-the-operator",[15,110581,110582],{},"^",[20,110584,110585,110586,110588,110589,86],{},"For sets, the ",[15,110587,110582],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,110590,109753],{},[20,110592,1578],{},[35,110594,110596],{"className":37,"code":110595,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,110597,110598,110618,110638,110642,110660],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110599,110600,110602,110604,110606,110608,110610,110612,110614,110616],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110601,109949],{"class":50},[44,110603,55],{"class":54},[44,110605,59],{"class":58},[44,110607,63],{"class":62},[44,110609,66],{"class":58},[44,110611,69],{"class":62},[44,110613,66],{"class":58},[44,110615,74],{"class":62},[44,110617,77],{"class":58},[44,110619,110620,110622,110624,110626,110628,110630,110632,110634,110636],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,110621,109970],{"class":50},[44,110623,55],{"class":54},[44,110625,59],{"class":58},[44,110627,1432],{"class":62},[44,110629,66],{"class":58},[44,110631,1827],{"class":62},[44,110633,66],{"class":58},[44,110635,3975],{"class":62},[44,110637,77],{"class":58},[44,110639,110640],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,110641,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,110643,110644,110646,110648,110650,110652,110654,110656,110658],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,110645,100],{"class":99},[44,110647,103],{"class":58},[44,110649,99833],{"class":89},[44,110651,86],{"class":58},[44,110653,109843],{"class":89},[44,110655,103],{"class":58},[44,110657,99842],{"class":89},[44,110659,993],{"class":58},[44,110661,110662,110664,110666,110668,110670,110673],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,110663,100],{"class":99},[44,110665,103],{"class":58},[44,110667,109949],{"class":89},[44,110669,110582],{"class":54},[44,110671,110672],{"class":89}," set2",[44,110674,108],{"class":58},[20,110676,29378],{},[35,110678,110680],{"className":37,"code":110679,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110681,110682,110702],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110683,110684,110686,110688,110690,110692,110694,110696,110698,110700],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110685,550],{"class":58},[44,110687,63],{"class":62},[44,110689,66],{"class":58},[44,110691,69],{"class":62},[44,110693,66],{"class":58},[44,110695,1827],{"class":62},[44,110697,66],{"class":58},[44,110699,3975],{"class":62},[44,110701,77],{"class":58},[44,110703,110704,110706,110708,110710,110712,110714,110716,110718,110720],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,110705,550],{"class":58},[44,110707,63],{"class":62},[44,110709,66],{"class":58},[44,110711,69],{"class":62},[44,110713,66],{"class":58},[44,110715,1827],{"class":62},[44,110717,66],{"class":58},[44,110719,3975],{"class":62},[44,110721,77],{"class":58},[20,110723,110724],{},"Both forms:",[145,110726,110727,110730],{},[148,110728,110729],{},"return a new set",[148,110731,110732],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,110734,110735],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[131,110737,784],{"id":783},[20,110739,20559,110740,2255],{},[15,110741,109753],{},[145,110743,110744,110752,110762,110777],{},[148,110745,110746,110749,110751],{},[30,110747,110748],{},"Expecting sorted output",[577,110750],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[148,110753,110754,110757,110759,110761],{},[30,110755,110756],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[577,110758],{},[15,110760,109753],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[148,110763,110764,110769,110771,110773,110774,110776],{},[30,110765,110766,110767],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,110768,99662],{},[577,110770],{},[15,110772,99662],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,110775,109753],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[148,110778,110779,110782,110784],{},[30,110780,110781],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[577,110783],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,110786,58222],{},[145,110788,110789,110798,110801,110804],{},[148,110790,49852,110791,43988,110793,110797],{},[15,110792,109753],{},[167,110794,110795],{"href":106978},[15,110796,102047],{}," is actually needed",[148,110799,110800],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[148,110802,110803],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[148,110805,110806],{},"being confused by output order",[20,110808,110809,110810,86],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[167,110811,98326],{"href":104591},[20,110813,61656],{},[35,110815,110817],{"className":37,"code":110816,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,110818,110819,110829,110839,110857,110871,110885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110820,110821,110823,110825,110827],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110822,100],{"class":99},[44,110824,103],{"class":58},[44,110826,99833],{"class":89},[44,110828,108],{"class":58},[44,110830,110831,110833,110835,110837],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,110832,100],{"class":99},[44,110834,103],{"class":58},[44,110836,99842],{"class":89},[44,110838,108],{"class":58},[44,110840,110841,110843,110845,110847,110849,110851,110853,110855],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,110842,100],{"class":99},[44,110844,103],{"class":58},[44,110846,99833],{"class":89},[44,110848,86],{"class":58},[44,110850,109843],{"class":89},[44,110852,103],{"class":58},[44,110854,99842],{"class":89},[44,110856,993],{"class":58},[44,110858,110859,110861,110863,110865,110867,110869],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,110860,100],{"class":99},[44,110862,103],{"class":58},[44,110864,109949],{"class":89},[44,110866,110582],{"class":54},[44,110868,110672],{"class":89},[44,110870,108],{"class":58},[44,110872,110873,110875,110877,110879,110881,110883],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,110874,100],{"class":99},[44,110876,103],{"class":58},[44,110878,985],{"class":121},[44,110880,103],{"class":58},[44,110882,99833],{"class":89},[44,110884,993],{"class":58},[44,110886,110887,110889,110891,110893,110895,110897],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,110888,100],{"class":99},[44,110890,103],{"class":58},[44,110892,985],{"class":121},[44,110894,103],{"class":58},[44,110896,99842],{"class":89},[44,110898,993],{"class":58},[131,110900,1196],{"id":1195},[347,110902,1212,110904,101987],{"id":110903},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,110905,109753],{},[20,110907,101990],{},[347,110909,1234,110911,342,110913,1239],{"id":110910},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,110912,109753],{},[15,110914,99662],{},[20,110916,110917,110919,110920,110922],{},[15,110918,99662],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,110921,109753],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[347,110924,27677,110926,110928],{"id":110925},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,110927,109753],{}," with lists?",[20,110930,110931],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,110933,1578],{},[35,110935,110937],{"className":37,"code":110936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,110938,110939,110959,110979,110983,111010],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110940,110941,110943,110945,110947,110949,110951,110953,110955,110957],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110942,80019],{"class":50},[44,110944,55],{"class":54},[44,110946,2993],{"class":58},[44,110948,63],{"class":62},[44,110950,66],{"class":58},[44,110952,69],{"class":62},[44,110954,66],{"class":58},[44,110956,74],{"class":62},[44,110958,3006],{"class":58},[44,110960,110961,110963,110965,110967,110969,110971,110973,110975,110977],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,110962,80040],{"class":50},[44,110964,55],{"class":54},[44,110966,2993],{"class":58},[44,110968,1432],{"class":62},[44,110970,66],{"class":58},[44,110972,1827],{"class":62},[44,110974,66],{"class":58},[44,110976,3975],{"class":62},[44,110978,3006],{"class":58},[44,110980,110981],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,110982,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,110984,110985,110987,110989,110991,110993,110996,110998,111000,111002,111004,111006,111008],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,110986,644],{"class":50},[44,110988,55],{"class":54},[44,110990,506],{"class":121},[44,110992,103],{"class":58},[44,110994,110995],{"class":89},"list1",[44,110997,8005],{"class":58},[44,110999,109843],{"class":89},[44,111001,103],{"class":58},[44,111003,122],{"class":121},[44,111005,103],{"class":58},[44,111007,80306],{"class":89},[44,111009,993],{"class":58},[44,111011,111012,111014,111016,111018],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,111013,100],{"class":99},[44,111015,103],{"class":58},[44,111017,668],{"class":89},[44,111019,108],{"class":58},[20,111021,111],{},[35,111023,111024],{"className":37,"code":110024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,111025,111026],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111027,111028,111030,111032,111034,111036,111038,111040,111042,111044],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111029,550],{"class":58},[44,111031,63],{"class":62},[44,111033,66],{"class":58},[44,111035,69],{"class":62},[44,111037,66],{"class":58},[44,111039,1827],{"class":62},[44,111041,66],{"class":58},[44,111043,3975],{"class":62},[44,111045,77],{"class":58},[347,111047,111049],{"id":111048},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111051,111052],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[131,111054,1251],{"id":1250},[145,111056,111057,111061,111066,111072,111078],{},[148,111058,111059],{},[167,111060,170],{"href":95686},[148,111062,111063],{},[167,111064,111065],{"href":95689},"Creating a set in Python",[148,111067,111068],{},[167,111069,1268,111070,1272],{"href":102088},[15,111071,99662],{},[148,111073,111074],{},[167,111075,1268,111076,1272],{"href":106978},[15,111077,102047],{},[148,111079,111080],{},[167,111081,99592],{"href":104591},[20,111083,111084,111085,1559,111087,16422,111089,111091],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111086,99662],{},[15,111088,102047],{},[15,111090,109753],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1294,111093,56601],{},{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":111095},[111096,111097,111099,111100,111101,111102,111104,111106,111108,111109,111118],{"id":2978,"depth":80,"text":2979},{"id":109868,"depth":80,"text":111098},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":110049,"depth":80,"text":110050},{"id":214,"depth":80,"text":215},{"id":110297,"depth":80,"text":111103},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110439,"depth":80,"text":111105},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":110579,"depth":80,"text":111107},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":783,"depth":80,"text":784},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":111110},[111111,111113,111115,111117],{"id":110903,"depth":96,"text":111112},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":110910,"depth":96,"text":111114},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":110925,"depth":96,"text":111116},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111048,"depth":96,"text":111049},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":109745,"description":111119},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111126,"title":111127,"body":111128,"description":113191,"extension":1331,"meta":113192,"navigation":268,"path":106978,"seo":113193,"stem":113194,"__hash__":113195},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111129,"toc":113150},[111130,111135,111140,111143,111156,111158,111240,111245,111250,111254,111266,111269,111273,111275,111302,111304,111315,111318,111387,111389,111395,111398,111408,111410,111499,111504,111506,111513,111516,111518,111521,111641,111643,111712,111715,111732,111737,111740,111856,111858,111887,111890,111896,111901,111905,111986,111988,112016,112021,112025,112120,112122,112163,112167,112170,112237,112239,112280,112286,112301,112308,112315,112319,112325,112411,112415,112423,112494,112499,112506,112508,112514,112516,112581,112583,112599,112604,112607,112676,112680,112683,112742,112745,112749,112802,112815,112818,112871,112875,112877,112908,112911,112916,112969,112973,112976,112997,113009,113011,113064,113066,113071,113073,113079,113082,113088,113093,113097,113100,113108,113117,113119,113147],[10,111131,2945,111133,18],{"id":111132},"python-setunion-method",[15,111134,107291],{},[20,111136,111137,111139],{},[15,111138,107291],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111141,111142],{},"It is useful when you want:",[145,111144,111145,111148,111153],{},[148,111146,111147],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[148,111149,1095,111150,111152],{},[30,111151,100017],{}," as the result",[148,111154,111155],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[131,111157,1372],{"id":1371},[35,111159,111161],{"className":37,"code":111160,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111162,111163,111183,111203,111207,111225,111235],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111164,111165,111167,111169,111171,111173,111175,111177,111179,111181],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111166,109949],{"class":50},[44,111168,55],{"class":54},[44,111170,59],{"class":58},[44,111172,63],{"class":62},[44,111174,66],{"class":58},[44,111176,69],{"class":62},[44,111178,66],{"class":58},[44,111180,74],{"class":62},[44,111182,77],{"class":58},[44,111184,111185,111187,111189,111191,111193,111195,111197,111199,111201],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,111186,109970],{"class":50},[44,111188,55],{"class":54},[44,111190,59],{"class":58},[44,111192,1432],{"class":62},[44,111194,66],{"class":58},[44,111196,1827],{"class":62},[44,111198,66],{"class":58},[44,111200,3975],{"class":62},[44,111202,77],{"class":58},[44,111204,111205],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,111206,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,111208,111209,111211,111213,111215,111217,111219,111221,111223],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,111210,644],{"class":50},[44,111212,55],{"class":54},[44,111214,109999],{"class":50},[44,111216,86],{"class":58},[44,111218,110517],{"class":89},[44,111220,103],{"class":58},[44,111222,99842],{"class":89},[44,111224,108],{"class":58},[44,111226,111227,111229,111231,111233],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,111228,100],{"class":99},[44,111230,103],{"class":58},[44,111232,668],{"class":89},[44,111234,108],{"class":58},[44,111236,111237],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,111238,111239],{"class":3035},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111241,111242,111244],{},[15,111243,102047],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[131,111246,134,111248,137],{"id":111247},"what-setunion-does",[15,111249,107291],{},[20,111251,111252,2255],{},[15,111253,107291],{},[145,111255,111256,111259,111262,111264],{},[148,111257,111258],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[148,111260,111261],{},"keeps only unique values",[148,111263,109879],{},[148,111265,109888],{},[20,111267,111268],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111270,165,111271,86],{},[167,111272,170],{"href":169},[131,111274,175],{"id":174},[35,111276,111278],{"className":37,"code":111277,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111279,111280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111281,111282,111284,111286,111288,111290,111292,111294,111296,111298,111300],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111283,99833],{"class":50},[44,111285,86],{"class":58},[44,111287,110517],{"class":89},[44,111289,103],{"class":58},[44,111291,99842],{"class":89},[44,111293,66],{"class":58},[44,111295,99869],{"class":89},[44,111297,66],{"class":58},[44,111299,33805],{"class":99},[44,111301,108],{"class":58},[20,111303,197],{},[145,111305,111306,111309,111312],{},[148,111307,111308],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[148,111310,111311],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[148,111313,111314],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111316,111317],{},"Example with two sets:",[35,111319,111321],{"className":37,"code":111320,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111322,111323,111339,111355,111359,111377],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111324,111325,111327,111329,111331,111333,111335,111337],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111326,1095],{"class":50},[44,111328,55],{"class":54},[44,111330,59],{"class":58},[44,111332,63],{"class":62},[44,111334,66],{"class":58},[44,111336,69],{"class":62},[44,111338,77],{"class":58},[44,111340,111341,111343,111345,111347,111349,111351,111353],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,111342,1122],{"class":50},[44,111344,55],{"class":54},[44,111346,59],{"class":58},[44,111348,1426],{"class":62},[44,111350,66],{"class":58},[44,111352,74],{"class":62},[44,111354,77],{"class":58},[44,111356,111357],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,111358,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,111360,111361,111363,111365,111367,111369,111371,111373,111375],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,111362,644],{"class":50},[44,111364,55],{"class":54},[44,111366,56247],{"class":50},[44,111368,86],{"class":58},[44,111370,110517],{"class":89},[44,111372,103],{"class":58},[44,111374,1164],{"class":89},[44,111376,108],{"class":58},[44,111378,111379,111381,111383,111385],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,111380,100],{"class":99},[44,111382,103],{"class":58},[44,111384,668],{"class":89},[44,111386,108],{"class":58},[131,111388,21318],{"id":21317},[20,111390,111391,100014,111393,86],{},[15,111392,107291],{},[30,111394,100017],{},[20,111396,111397],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[145,111399,111400,111403],{},[148,111401,111402],{},"the original set",[148,111404,111405,111406],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,111407,102047],{},[20,111409,1578],{},[35,111411,111413],{"className":37,"code":111412,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,111414,111415,111431,111447,111451,111469,111473,111486],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111416,111417,111419,111421,111423,111425,111427,111429],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111418,1095],{"class":50},[44,111420,55],{"class":54},[44,111422,59],{"class":58},[44,111424,63],{"class":62},[44,111426,66],{"class":58},[44,111428,69],{"class":62},[44,111430,77],{"class":58},[44,111432,111433,111435,111437,111439,111441,111443,111445],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,111434,1122],{"class":50},[44,111436,55],{"class":54},[44,111438,59],{"class":58},[44,111440,1426],{"class":62},[44,111442,66],{"class":58},[44,111444,74],{"class":62},[44,111446,77],{"class":58},[44,111448,111449],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,111450,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,111452,111453,111455,111457,111459,111461,111463,111465,111467],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,111454,644],{"class":50},[44,111456,55],{"class":54},[44,111458,56247],{"class":50},[44,111460,86],{"class":58},[44,111462,110517],{"class":89},[44,111464,103],{"class":58},[44,111466,1164],{"class":89},[44,111468,108],{"class":58},[44,111470,111471],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,111472,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,111474,111475,111477,111479,111481,111483],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,111476,100],{"class":99},[44,111478,103],{"class":58},[44,111480,668],{"class":89},[44,111482,3032],{"class":58},[44,111484,111485],{"class":3035},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[44,111487,111488,111490,111492,111494,111496],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,111489,100],{"class":99},[44,111491,103],{"class":58},[44,111493,167],{"class":89},[44,111495,3032],{"class":58},[44,111497,111498],{"class":3035},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,111500,1656,111501,111503],{},[15,111502,167],{}," did not change.",[20,111505,110121],{},[145,111507,111508,111510],{},[148,111509,110126],{},[148,111511,111512],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,111514,111515],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[131,111517,215],{"id":214},[20,111519,111520],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[35,111522,111524],{"className":37,"code":111523,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,111525,111526,111559,111592,111596,111616,111620,111630],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111527,111528,111531,111533,111535,111537,111539,111541,111543,111545,111547,111549,111551,111553,111555,111557],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111529,111530],{"class":50},"fruits1 ",[44,111532,55],{"class":54},[44,111534,59],{"class":58},[44,111536,236],{"class":235},[44,111538,3450],{"class":239},[44,111540,236],{"class":235},[44,111542,66],{"class":58},[44,111544,247],{"class":235},[44,111546,3459],{"class":239},[44,111548,236],{"class":235},[44,111550,66],{"class":58},[44,111552,247],{"class":235},[44,111554,32571],{"class":239},[44,111556,236],{"class":235},[44,111558,77],{"class":58},[44,111560,111561,111564,111566,111568,111570,111572,111574,111576,111578,111580,111582,111584,111586,111588,111590],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,111562,111563],{"class":50},"fruits2 ",[44,111565,55],{"class":54},[44,111567,59],{"class":58},[44,111569,236],{"class":235},[44,111571,3459],{"class":239},[44,111573,236],{"class":235},[44,111575,66],{"class":58},[44,111577,247],{"class":235},[44,111579,21880],{"class":239},[44,111581,236],{"class":235},[44,111583,66],{"class":58},[44,111585,247],{"class":235},[44,111587,32571],{"class":239},[44,111589,236],{"class":235},[44,111591,77],{"class":58},[44,111593,111594],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,111595,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,111597,111598,111600,111602,111605,111607,111609,111611,111614],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,111599,644],{"class":50},[44,111601,55],{"class":54},[44,111603,111604],{"class":50}," fruits1",[44,111606,86],{"class":58},[44,111608,110517],{"class":89},[44,111610,103],{"class":58},[44,111612,111613],{"class":89},"fruits2",[44,111615,108],{"class":58},[44,111617,111618],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,111619,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,111621,111622,111624,111626,111628],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,111623,100],{"class":99},[44,111625,103],{"class":58},[44,111627,668],{"class":89},[44,111629,108],{"class":58},[44,111631,111632,111634,111636,111639],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,111633,100],{"class":99},[44,111635,103],{"class":58},[44,111637,111638],{"class":89},"fruits1",[44,111640,108],{"class":58},[20,111642,29378],{},[35,111644,111646],{"className":37,"code":111645,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,111647,111648,111684],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111649,111650,111652,111654,111656,111658,111660,111662,111664,111666,111668,111670,111672,111674,111676,111678,111680,111682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111651,550],{"class":58},[44,111653,1018],{"class":235},[44,111655,3459],{"class":239},[44,111657,1018],{"class":235},[44,111659,66],{"class":58},[44,111661,1012],{"class":235},[44,111663,32571],{"class":239},[44,111665,1018],{"class":235},[44,111667,66],{"class":58},[44,111669,1012],{"class":235},[44,111671,3450],{"class":239},[44,111673,1018],{"class":235},[44,111675,66],{"class":58},[44,111677,1012],{"class":235},[44,111679,21880],{"class":239},[44,111681,1018],{"class":235},[44,111683,77],{"class":58},[44,111685,111686,111688,111690,111692,111694,111696,111698,111700,111702,111704,111706,111708,111710],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,111687,550],{"class":58},[44,111689,1018],{"class":235},[44,111691,3459],{"class":239},[44,111693,1018],{"class":235},[44,111695,66],{"class":58},[44,111697,1012],{"class":235},[44,111699,32571],{"class":239},[44,111701,1018],{"class":235},[44,111703,66],{"class":58},[44,111705,1012],{"class":235},[44,111707,3450],{"class":239},[44,111709,1018],{"class":235},[44,111711,77],{"class":58},[20,111713,111714],{},"What this shows:",[145,111716,111717,111724,111727],{},[148,111718,111719,342,111721,111723],{},[15,111720,64636],{},[15,111722,65063],{}," appear in both sets",[148,111725,111726],{},"they appear only once in the result",[148,111728,111729,111731],{},[15,111730,111638],{}," stays unchanged",[131,111733,350,111735,100406],{"id":111734},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,111736,102047],{},[20,111738,111739],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[35,111741,111743],{"className":37,"code":111742,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,111744,111745,111761,111777,111794,111811,111815,111842,111846],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111746,111747,111749,111751,111753,111755,111757,111759],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111748,109949],{"class":50},[44,111750,55],{"class":54},[44,111752,59],{"class":58},[44,111754,63],{"class":62},[44,111756,66],{"class":58},[44,111758,69],{"class":62},[44,111760,77],{"class":58},[44,111762,111763,111765,111767,111769,111771,111773,111775],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,111764,109970],{"class":50},[44,111766,55],{"class":54},[44,111768,59],{"class":58},[44,111770,1426],{"class":62},[44,111772,66],{"class":58},[44,111774,74],{"class":62},[44,111776,77],{"class":58},[44,111778,111779,111782,111784,111786,111788,111790,111792],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,111780,111781],{"class":50},"set3 ",[44,111783,55],{"class":54},[44,111785,59],{"class":58},[44,111787,1432],{"class":62},[44,111789,66],{"class":58},[44,111791,1827],{"class":62},[44,111793,77],{"class":58},[44,111795,111796,111799,111801,111803,111805,111807,111809],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,111797,111798],{"class":50},"set4 ",[44,111800,55],{"class":54},[44,111802,59],{"class":58},[44,111804,1875],{"class":62},[44,111806,66],{"class":58},[44,111808,3975],{"class":62},[44,111810,77],{"class":58},[44,111812,111813],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,111814,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,111816,111817,111819,111821,111823,111825,111827,111829,111831,111833,111835,111837,111840],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,111818,644],{"class":50},[44,111820,55],{"class":54},[44,111822,109999],{"class":50},[44,111824,86],{"class":58},[44,111826,110517],{"class":89},[44,111828,103],{"class":58},[44,111830,99842],{"class":89},[44,111832,66],{"class":58},[44,111834,99869],{"class":89},[44,111836,66],{"class":58},[44,111838,111839],{"class":89}," set4",[44,111841,108],{"class":58},[44,111843,111844],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,111845,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,111847,111848,111850,111852,111854],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,111849,100],{"class":99},[44,111851,103],{"class":58},[44,111853,668],{"class":89},[44,111855,108],{"class":58},[20,111857,29378],{},[35,111859,111861],{"className":37,"code":111860,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111862,111863],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111864,111865,111867,111869,111871,111873,111875,111877,111879,111881,111883,111885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111866,550],{"class":58},[44,111868,63],{"class":62},[44,111870,66],{"class":58},[44,111872,69],{"class":62},[44,111874,66],{"class":58},[44,111876,74],{"class":62},[44,111878,66],{"class":58},[44,111880,1827],{"class":62},[44,111882,66],{"class":58},[44,111884,3975],{"class":62},[44,111886,77],{"class":58},[20,111888,111889],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[131,111891,350,111893,111895],{"id":111892},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,111894,102047],{}," with other iterables",[20,111897,111898,111900],{},[15,111899,102047],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[347,111902,111904],{"id":111903},"with-a-list","With a list",[35,111906,111908],{"className":37,"code":111907,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111909,111910,111930,111954,111958,111976],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111911,111912,111914,111916,111918,111920,111922,111924,111926,111928],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111913,51],{"class":50},[44,111915,55],{"class":54},[44,111917,59],{"class":58},[44,111919,63],{"class":62},[44,111921,66],{"class":58},[44,111923,69],{"class":62},[44,111925,66],{"class":58},[44,111927,74],{"class":62},[44,111929,77],{"class":58},[44,111931,111932,111934,111936,111938,111940,111942,111944,111946,111948,111950,111952],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,111933,60408],{"class":50},[44,111935,55],{"class":54},[44,111937,2993],{"class":58},[44,111939,1432],{"class":62},[44,111941,66],{"class":58},[44,111943,1827],{"class":62},[44,111945,66],{"class":58},[44,111947,3975],{"class":62},[44,111949,66],{"class":58},[44,111951,3975],{"class":62},[44,111953,3006],{"class":58},[44,111955,111956],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,111957,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,111959,111960,111962,111964,111966,111968,111970,111972,111974],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,111961,644],{"class":50},[44,111963,55],{"class":54},[44,111965,649],{"class":50},[44,111967,86],{"class":58},[44,111969,110517],{"class":89},[44,111971,103],{"class":58},[44,111973,60437],{"class":89},[44,111975,108],{"class":58},[44,111977,111978,111980,111982,111984],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,111979,100],{"class":99},[44,111981,103],{"class":58},[44,111983,668],{"class":89},[44,111985,108],{"class":58},[20,111987,29378],{},[35,111989,111990],{"className":37,"code":111860,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,111991,111992],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111993,111994,111996,111998,112000,112002,112004,112006,112008,112010,112012,112014],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111995,550],{"class":58},[44,111997,63],{"class":62},[44,111999,66],{"class":58},[44,112001,69],{"class":62},[44,112003,66],{"class":58},[44,112005,74],{"class":62},[44,112007,66],{"class":58},[44,112009,1827],{"class":62},[44,112011,66],{"class":58},[44,112013,3975],{"class":62},[44,112015,77],{"class":58},[20,112017,20325,112018,112020],{},[15,112019,1507],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[347,112022,112024],{"id":112023},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[35,112026,112028],{"className":37,"code":112027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112029,112030,112054,112087,112091,112110],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112031,112032,112034,112036,112038,112040,112042,112044,112046,112048,112050,112052],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112033,35444],{"class":50},[44,112035,55],{"class":54},[44,112037,59],{"class":58},[44,112039,236],{"class":235},[44,112041,167],{"class":239},[44,112043,236],{"class":235},[44,112045,66],{"class":58},[44,112047,247],{"class":235},[44,112049,1164],{"class":239},[44,112051,236],{"class":235},[44,112053,77],{"class":58},[44,112055,112056,112059,112061,112063,112065,112067,112069,112071,112073,112075,112077,112079,112081,112083,112085],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,112057,112058],{"class":50},"more_letters ",[44,112060,55],{"class":54},[44,112062,8607],{"class":58},[44,112064,236],{"class":235},[44,112066,1164],{"class":239},[44,112068,236],{"class":235},[44,112070,66],{"class":58},[44,112072,247],{"class":235},[44,112074,9109],{"class":239},[44,112076,236],{"class":235},[44,112078,66],{"class":58},[44,112080,247],{"class":235},[44,112082,18115],{"class":239},[44,112084,236],{"class":235},[44,112086,108],{"class":58},[44,112088,112089],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,112090,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,112092,112093,112095,112097,112099,112101,112103,112105,112108],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,112094,644],{"class":50},[44,112096,55],{"class":54},[44,112098,69458],{"class":50},[44,112100,86],{"class":58},[44,112102,110517],{"class":89},[44,112104,103],{"class":58},[44,112106,112107],{"class":89},"more_letters",[44,112109,108],{"class":58},[44,112111,112112,112114,112116,112118],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,112113,100],{"class":99},[44,112115,103],{"class":58},[44,112117,668],{"class":89},[44,112119,108],{"class":58},[20,112121,29378],{},[35,112123,112125],{"className":37,"code":112124,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112126,112127],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112128,112129,112131,112133,112135,112137,112139,112141,112143,112145,112147,112149,112151,112153,112155,112157,112159,112161],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112130,550],{"class":58},[44,112132,1018],{"class":235},[44,112134,167],{"class":239},[44,112136,1018],{"class":235},[44,112138,66],{"class":58},[44,112140,1012],{"class":235},[44,112142,1164],{"class":239},[44,112144,1018],{"class":235},[44,112146,66],{"class":58},[44,112148,1012],{"class":235},[44,112150,9109],{"class":239},[44,112152,1018],{"class":235},[44,112154,66],{"class":58},[44,112156,1012],{"class":235},[44,112158,18115],{"class":239},[44,112160,1018],{"class":235},[44,112162,77],{"class":58},[347,112164,112166],{"id":112165},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112168,112169],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[35,112171,112173],{"className":37,"code":112172,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112174,112175,112200,112223,112227],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112176,112177,112180,112182,112184,112186,112188,112190,112192,112194,112196,112198],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112178,112179],{"class":50},"chars ",[44,112181,55],{"class":54},[44,112183,59],{"class":58},[44,112185,236],{"class":235},[44,112187,167],{"class":239},[44,112189,236],{"class":235},[44,112191,66],{"class":58},[44,112193,247],{"class":235},[44,112195,1164],{"class":239},[44,112197,236],{"class":235},[44,112199,77],{"class":58},[44,112201,112202,112204,112206,112209,112211,112213,112215,112217,112219,112221],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,112203,644],{"class":50},[44,112205,55],{"class":54},[44,112207,112208],{"class":50}," chars",[44,112210,86],{"class":58},[44,112212,110517],{"class":89},[44,112214,103],{"class":58},[44,112216,236],{"class":235},[44,112218,36401],{"class":239},[44,112220,236],{"class":235},[44,112222,108],{"class":58},[44,112224,112225],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,112226,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,112228,112229,112231,112233,112235],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,112230,100],{"class":99},[44,112232,103],{"class":58},[44,112234,668],{"class":89},[44,112236,108],{"class":58},[20,112238,29378],{},[35,112240,112242],{"className":37,"code":112241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112243,112244],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112245,112246,112248,112250,112252,112254,112256,112258,112260,112262,112264,112266,112268,112270,112272,112274,112276,112278],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112247,550],{"class":58},[44,112249,1018],{"class":235},[44,112251,167],{"class":239},[44,112253,1018],{"class":235},[44,112255,66],{"class":58},[44,112257,1012],{"class":235},[44,112259,1164],{"class":239},[44,112261,1018],{"class":235},[44,112263,66],{"class":58},[44,112265,1012],{"class":235},[44,112267,9109],{"class":239},[44,112269,1018],{"class":235},[44,112271,66],{"class":58},[44,112273,1012],{"class":235},[44,112275,62648],{"class":239},[44,112277,1018],{"class":235},[44,112279,77],{"class":58},[20,112281,768,112282,112285],{},[15,112283,112284],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[145,112287,112288,112292,112296],{},[148,112289,112290],{},[15,112291,65843],{},[148,112293,112294],{},[15,112295,17443],{},[148,112297,112298],{},[15,112299,112300],{},"\"t\"",[131,112302,112304,9953,112306],{"id":112303},"union-vs-update",[15,112305,102047],{},[15,112307,1292],{},[20,112309,112310,342,112312,112314],{},[15,112311,102047],{},[15,112313,1292],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[347,112316,112317],{"id":110517},[15,112318,102047],{},[145,112320,112321,112323],{},[148,112322,109879],{},[148,112324,109888],{},[35,112326,112327],{"className":37,"code":111412,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,112328,112329,112345,112361,112365,112383,112387,112399],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112330,112331,112333,112335,112337,112339,112341,112343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112332,1095],{"class":50},[44,112334,55],{"class":54},[44,112336,59],{"class":58},[44,112338,63],{"class":62},[44,112340,66],{"class":58},[44,112342,69],{"class":62},[44,112344,77],{"class":58},[44,112346,112347,112349,112351,112353,112355,112357,112359],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,112348,1122],{"class":50},[44,112350,55],{"class":54},[44,112352,59],{"class":58},[44,112354,1426],{"class":62},[44,112356,66],{"class":58},[44,112358,74],{"class":62},[44,112360,77],{"class":58},[44,112362,112363],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,112364,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,112366,112367,112369,112371,112373,112375,112377,112379,112381],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,112368,644],{"class":50},[44,112370,55],{"class":54},[44,112372,56247],{"class":50},[44,112374,86],{"class":58},[44,112376,110517],{"class":89},[44,112378,103],{"class":58},[44,112380,1164],{"class":89},[44,112382,108],{"class":58},[44,112384,112385],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,112386,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,112388,112389,112391,112393,112395,112397],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,112390,100],{"class":99},[44,112392,103],{"class":58},[44,112394,668],{"class":89},[44,112396,3032],{"class":58},[44,112398,111485],{"class":3035},[44,112400,112401,112403,112405,112407,112409],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,112402,100],{"class":99},[44,112404,103],{"class":58},[44,112406,167],{"class":89},[44,112408,3032],{"class":58},[44,112410,111498],{"class":3035},[347,112412,112413],{"id":29813},[15,112414,1292],{},[145,112416,112417,112420],{},[148,112418,112419],{},"changes the existing set in place",[148,112421,112422],{},"does not create a separate result set",[35,112424,112426],{"className":37,"code":112425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,112427,112428,112444,112460,112464,112478,112482],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112429,112430,112432,112434,112436,112438,112440,112442],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112431,1095],{"class":50},[44,112433,55],{"class":54},[44,112435,59],{"class":58},[44,112437,63],{"class":62},[44,112439,66],{"class":58},[44,112441,69],{"class":62},[44,112443,77],{"class":58},[44,112445,112446,112448,112450,112452,112454,112456,112458],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,112447,1122],{"class":50},[44,112449,55],{"class":54},[44,112451,59],{"class":58},[44,112453,1426],{"class":62},[44,112455,66],{"class":58},[44,112457,74],{"class":62},[44,112459,77],{"class":58},[44,112461,112462],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,112463,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,112465,112466,112468,112470,112472,112474,112476],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,112467,167],{"class":50},[44,112469,86],{"class":58},[44,112471,29813],{"class":89},[44,112473,103],{"class":58},[44,112475,1164],{"class":89},[44,112477,108],{"class":58},[44,112479,112480],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,112481,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,112483,112484,112486,112488,112490,112492],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,112485,100],{"class":99},[44,112487,103],{"class":58},[44,112489,167],{"class":89},[44,112491,3032],{"class":58},[44,112493,111485],{"class":3035},[20,112495,1462,112496,112498],{},[15,112497,102047],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,112500,112501,112502,86],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[167,112503,2945,112504,1272],{"href":1289},[15,112505,96669],{},[131,112507,784],{"id":783},[347,112509,923,112511,112513],{"id":112510},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,112512,102047],{}," to change the original set",[20,112515,81188],{},[35,112517,112519],{"className":37,"code":112518,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112520,112521,112537,112553,112557,112571],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112522,112523,112525,112527,112529,112531,112533,112535],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112524,1095],{"class":50},[44,112526,55],{"class":54},[44,112528,59],{"class":58},[44,112530,63],{"class":62},[44,112532,66],{"class":58},[44,112534,69],{"class":62},[44,112536,77],{"class":58},[44,112538,112539,112541,112543,112545,112547,112549,112551],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,112540,1122],{"class":50},[44,112542,55],{"class":54},[44,112544,59],{"class":58},[44,112546,1426],{"class":62},[44,112548,66],{"class":58},[44,112550,74],{"class":62},[44,112552,77],{"class":58},[44,112554,112555],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,112556,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,112558,112559,112561,112563,112565,112567,112569],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,112560,167],{"class":50},[44,112562,86],{"class":58},[44,112564,110517],{"class":89},[44,112566,103],{"class":58},[44,112568,1164],{"class":89},[44,112570,108],{"class":58},[44,112572,112573,112575,112577,112579],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,112574,100],{"class":99},[44,112576,103],{"class":58},[44,112578,167],{"class":89},[44,112580,108],{"class":58},[20,112582,111],{},[35,112584,112585],{"className":37,"code":99755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,112586,112587],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112588,112589,112591,112593,112595,112597],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112590,550],{"class":58},[44,112592,63],{"class":62},[44,112594,66],{"class":58},[44,112596,69],{"class":62},[44,112598,77],{"class":58},[20,112600,7869,112601,112603],{},[15,112602,102047],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,112605,112606],{},"Fix it like this:",[35,112608,112610],{"className":37,"code":112609,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112611,112612,112628,112644,112648,112666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112613,112614,112616,112618,112620,112622,112624,112626],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112615,1095],{"class":50},[44,112617,55],{"class":54},[44,112619,59],{"class":58},[44,112621,63],{"class":62},[44,112623,66],{"class":58},[44,112625,69],{"class":62},[44,112627,77],{"class":58},[44,112629,112630,112632,112634,112636,112638,112640,112642],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,112631,1122],{"class":50},[44,112633,55],{"class":54},[44,112635,59],{"class":58},[44,112637,1426],{"class":62},[44,112639,66],{"class":58},[44,112641,74],{"class":62},[44,112643,77],{"class":58},[44,112645,112646],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,112647,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,112649,112650,112652,112654,112656,112658,112660,112662,112664],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,112651,1095],{"class":50},[44,112653,55],{"class":54},[44,112655,56247],{"class":50},[44,112657,86],{"class":58},[44,112659,110517],{"class":89},[44,112661,103],{"class":58},[44,112663,1164],{"class":89},[44,112665,108],{"class":58},[44,112667,112668,112670,112672,112674],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,112669,100],{"class":99},[44,112671,103],{"class":58},[44,112673,167],{"class":89},[44,112675,108],{"class":58},[347,112677,112679],{"id":112678},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,112681,112682],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[35,112684,112686],{"className":37,"code":112685,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,112687,112688,112704,112720,112724],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112689,112690,112692,112694,112696,112698,112700,112702],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112691,1095],{"class":50},[44,112693,55],{"class":54},[44,112695,59],{"class":58},[44,112697,1432],{"class":62},[44,112699,66],{"class":58},[44,112701,4867],{"class":62},[44,112703,77],{"class":58},[44,112705,112706,112708,112710,112712,112714,112716,112718],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,112707,1122],{"class":50},[44,112709,55],{"class":54},[44,112711,59],{"class":58},[44,112713,1426],{"class":62},[44,112715,66],{"class":58},[44,112717,1827],{"class":62},[44,112719,77],{"class":58},[44,112721,112722],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,112723,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,112725,112726,112728,112730,112732,112734,112736,112738,112740],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,112727,100],{"class":99},[44,112729,103],{"class":58},[44,112731,167],{"class":89},[44,112733,86],{"class":58},[44,112735,110517],{"class":89},[44,112737,103],{"class":58},[44,112739,1164],{"class":89},[44,112741,993],{"class":58},[20,112743,112744],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[347,112746,112748],{"id":112747},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[35,112750,112752],{"className":37,"code":112751,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,112753,112754,112770,112792],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112755,112756,112758,112760,112762,112764,112766,112768],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112757,3441],{"class":50},[44,112759,55],{"class":54},[44,112761,59],{"class":58},[44,112763,236],{"class":235},[44,112765,57487],{"class":239},[44,112767,236],{"class":235},[44,112769,77],{"class":58},[44,112771,112772,112774,112776,112778,112780,112782,112784,112786,112788,112790],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,112773,644],{"class":50},[44,112775,55],{"class":54},[44,112777,5539],{"class":50},[44,112779,86],{"class":58},[44,112781,110517],{"class":89},[44,112783,103],{"class":58},[44,112785,236],{"class":235},[44,112787,36401],{"class":239},[44,112789,236],{"class":235},[44,112791,108],{"class":58},[44,112793,112794,112796,112798,112800],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,112795,100],{"class":99},[44,112797,103],{"class":58},[44,112799,668],{"class":89},[44,112801,108],{"class":58},[20,112803,112804,112805,1559,112807,16422,112809,112811,112812,112814],{},"This adds ",[15,112806,65843],{},[15,112808,17443],{},[15,112810,112300],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,112813,112284],{}," as one item.",[20,112816,112817],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[35,112819,112821],{"className":37,"code":112820,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,112822,112823,112839,112861],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112824,112825,112827,112829,112831,112833,112835,112837],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112826,3441],{"class":50},[44,112828,55],{"class":54},[44,112830,59],{"class":58},[44,112832,236],{"class":235},[44,112834,57487],{"class":239},[44,112836,236],{"class":235},[44,112838,77],{"class":58},[44,112840,112841,112843,112845,112847,112849,112851,112853,112855,112857,112859],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,112842,644],{"class":50},[44,112844,55],{"class":54},[44,112846,5539],{"class":50},[44,112848,86],{"class":58},[44,112850,110517],{"class":89},[44,112852,2357],{"class":58},[44,112854,236],{"class":235},[44,112856,36401],{"class":239},[44,112858,236],{"class":235},[44,112860,3258],{"class":58},[44,112862,112863,112865,112867,112869],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,112864,100],{"class":99},[44,112866,103],{"class":58},[44,112868,668],{"class":89},[44,112870,108],{"class":58},[347,112872,112874],{"id":112873},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,112876,2207],{},[35,112878,112880],{"className":37,"code":112879,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,112881,112882],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112883,112884,112886,112888,112890,112892,112894,112896,112898,112900,112902,112904,112906],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112885,808],{"class":50},[44,112887,55],{"class":54},[44,112889,59],{"class":58},[44,112891,63],{"class":62},[44,112893,66],{"class":58},[44,112895,69],{"class":62},[44,112897,66],{"class":58},[44,112899,2993],{"class":58},[44,112901,1432],{"class":62},[44,112903,66],{"class":58},[44,112905,1827],{"class":62},[44,112907,13060],{"class":58},[20,112909,112910],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,112912,112913,112914,2255],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,112915,102047],{},[35,112917,112919],{"className":37,"code":112918,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,112920,112921,112937,112959],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112922,112923,112925,112927,112929,112931,112933,112935],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112924,808],{"class":50},[44,112926,55],{"class":54},[44,112928,59],{"class":58},[44,112930,63],{"class":62},[44,112932,66],{"class":58},[44,112934,69],{"class":62},[44,112936,77],{"class":58},[44,112938,112939,112941,112943,112945,112947,112949,112951,112953,112955,112957],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,112940,644],{"class":50},[44,112942,55],{"class":54},[44,112944,833],{"class":50},[44,112946,86],{"class":58},[44,112948,110517],{"class":89},[44,112950,2357],{"class":58},[44,112952,1432],{"class":62},[44,112954,66],{"class":58},[44,112956,1827],{"class":62},[44,112958,3258],{"class":58},[44,112960,112961,112963,112965,112967],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,112962,100],{"class":99},[44,112964,103],{"class":58},[44,112966,668],{"class":89},[44,112968,108],{"class":58},[131,112970,112972],{"id":112971},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,112974,112975],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[145,112977,112978,112984,112991,112994],{},[148,112979,112980,112981,112983],{},"call ",[15,112982,102047],{}," without saving the returned set",[148,112985,112986,112987,8078,112989],{},"confuse ",[15,112988,102047],{},[15,112990,1292],{},[148,112992,112993],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[148,112995,112996],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,112998,112999,113000,342,113004,86],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[167,113001,2945,113002,1272],{"href":102036},[15,113003,105821],{},[167,113005,2945,113007,1272],{"href":113006},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113008,99667],{},[20,113010,61656],{},[35,113012,113014],{"className":37,"code":113013,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113015,113016,113026,113040,113050],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113017,113018,113020,113022,113024],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113019,100],{"class":99},[44,113021,103],{"class":58},[44,113023,188],{"class":89},[44,113025,108],{"class":58},[44,113027,113028,113030,113032,113034,113036,113038],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,113029,100],{"class":99},[44,113031,103],{"class":58},[44,113033,985],{"class":121},[44,113035,103],{"class":58},[44,113037,188],{"class":89},[44,113039,993],{"class":58},[44,113041,113042,113044,113046,113048],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,113043,100],{"class":99},[44,113045,103],{"class":58},[44,113047,668],{"class":89},[44,113049,108],{"class":58},[44,113051,113052,113054,113056,113058,113060,113062],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,113053,31502],{"class":99},[44,113055,103],{"class":58},[44,113057,122],{"class":121},[44,113059,86],{"class":58},[44,113061,110517],{"class":24098},[44,113063,108],{"class":58},[131,113065,1196],{"id":1195},[347,113067,1212,113069,101987],{"id":113068},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113070,107291],{},[20,113072,101990],{},[347,113074,4538,113076,113078],{"id":113075},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113077,102047],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113080,113081],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[347,113083,27677,113085,113087],{"id":113084},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113086,102047],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113089,41509,113090,113092],{},[15,113091,102047],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[347,113094,113096],{"id":113095},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113098,113099],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[347,113101,1234,113103,342,113105,1239],{"id":113102},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113104,102047],{},[15,113106,113107],{},"|",[20,113109,113110,113111,113113,113114,113116],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113112,113107],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113115,102047],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[131,113118,1251],{"id":1250},[145,113120,113121,113125,113131,113137,113143],{},[148,113122,113123],{},[167,113124,170],{"href":169},[148,113126,113127],{},[167,113128,2945,113129,1272],{"href":1289},[15,113130,96669],{},[148,113132,113133],{},[167,113134,2945,113135,1272],{"href":102036},[15,113136,105821],{},[148,113138,113139],{},[167,113140,2945,113141,1272],{"href":113006},[15,113142,99667],{},[148,113144,113145],{},[167,113146,99592],{"href":98325},[1294,113148,113149],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":113151},[113152,113153,113155,113156,113157,113158,113160,113166,113171,113178,113179,113190],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":111247,"depth":80,"text":113154},"What set.union() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":21317,"depth":80,"text":21318},{"id":214,"depth":80,"text":215},{"id":111734,"depth":80,"text":113159},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":111892,"depth":80,"text":113161,"children":113162},"Using union() with other iterables",[113163,113164,113165],{"id":111903,"depth":96,"text":111904},{"id":112023,"depth":96,"text":112024},{"id":112165,"depth":96,"text":112166},{"id":112303,"depth":80,"text":113167,"children":113168},"union() vs update()",[113169,113170],{"id":110517,"depth":96,"text":102047},{"id":29813,"depth":96,"text":1292},{"id":783,"depth":80,"text":784,"children":113172},[113173,113175,113176,113177],{"id":112510,"depth":96,"text":113174},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":112678,"depth":96,"text":112679},{"id":112747,"depth":96,"text":112748},{"id":112873,"depth":96,"text":112874},{"id":112971,"depth":80,"text":112972},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":113180},[113181,113183,113185,113187,113188],{"id":113068,"depth":96,"text":113182},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113075,"depth":96,"text":113184},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113084,"depth":96,"text":113186},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113095,"depth":96,"text":113096},{"id":113102,"depth":96,"text":113189},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111127,"description":113191},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113197,"title":113198,"body":113199,"description":115088,"extension":1331,"meta":115089,"navigation":268,"path":96170,"seo":115090,"stem":115091,"__hash__":115092},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113200,"toc":115054},[113201,113206,113211,113219,113221,113279,113284,113289,113293,113305,113308,113382,113387,113389,113391,113410,113412,113429,113432,113459,113461,113531,113535,113537,113543,113545,113606,113611,113613,113670,113674,113679,113744,113746,113766,113773,113777,113782,113867,113870,113877,113980,113984,113989,114047,114050,114061,114075,114082,114140,114147,114150,114160,114164,114222,114226,114292,114295,114353,114360,114367,114370,114374,114383,114452,114456,114462,114550,114560,114564,114568,114572,114575,114636,114641,114698,114702,114704,114739,114746,114748,114802,114809,114813,114816,114881,114890,114896,114953,114955,114960,114964,114968,114971,114978,114986,114990,114995,114999,115005,115007,115042,115051],[10,113202,13,113204,18],{"id":113203},"python-set-update-method",[15,113205,1292],{},[20,113207,113208,113210],{},[15,113209,96669],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113212,113213,113214,113218],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[167,113215,113216],{"href":1267},[15,113217,95569],{},", which adds only one item.",[131,113220,2979],{"id":2978},[35,113222,113224],{"className":37,"code":113223,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113225,113226,113242,113264,113274],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113227,113228,113230,113232,113234,113236,113238,113240],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113229,51],{"class":50},[44,113231,55],{"class":54},[44,113233,59],{"class":58},[44,113235,63],{"class":62},[44,113237,66],{"class":58},[44,113239,69],{"class":62},[44,113241,77],{"class":58},[44,113243,113244,113246,113248,113250,113252,113254,113256,113258,113260,113262],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,113245,83],{"class":50},[44,113247,86],{"class":58},[44,113249,29813],{"class":89},[44,113251,2357],{"class":58},[44,113253,1426],{"class":62},[44,113255,66],{"class":58},[44,113257,74],{"class":62},[44,113259,66],{"class":58},[44,113261,1827],{"class":62},[44,113263,3258],{"class":58},[44,113265,113266,113268,113270,113272],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,113267,100],{"class":99},[44,113269,103],{"class":58},[44,113271,83],{"class":89},[44,113273,108],{"class":58},[44,113275,113276],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,113277,113278],{"class":3035},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113280,1462,113281,113283],{},[15,113282,1292],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[131,113285,134,113287,137],{"id":113286},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113288,96669],{},[20,113290,113291,2255],{},[15,113292,96669],{},[145,113294,113295,113298,113300,113303],{},[148,113296,113297],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[148,113299,153],{},[148,113301,113302],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[148,113304,95678],{},[20,113306,113307],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[35,113309,113311],{"className":37,"code":113310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113312,113313,113337,113363,113367,113377],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113314,113315,113317,113319,113321,113323,113325,113327,113329,113331,113333,113335],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113316,228],{"class":50},[44,113318,55],{"class":54},[44,113320,59],{"class":58},[44,113322,236],{"class":235},[44,113324,240],{"class":239},[44,113326,236],{"class":235},[44,113328,66],{"class":58},[44,113330,247],{"class":235},[44,113332,259],{"class":239},[44,113334,236],{"class":235},[44,113336,77],{"class":58},[44,113338,113339,113341,113343,113345,113347,113349,113351,113353,113355,113357,113359,113361],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,113340,274],{"class":50},[44,113342,86],{"class":58},[44,113344,29813],{"class":89},[44,113346,2357],{"class":58},[44,113348,236],{"class":235},[44,113350,259],{"class":239},[44,113352,236],{"class":235},[44,113354,66],{"class":58},[44,113356,247],{"class":235},[44,113358,250],{"class":239},[44,113360,236],{"class":235},[44,113362,3258],{"class":58},[44,113364,113365],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,113366,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,113368,113369,113371,113373,113375],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,113370,100],{"class":99},[44,113372,103],{"class":58},[44,113374,274],{"class":89},[44,113376,108],{"class":58},[44,113378,113379],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,113380,113381],{"class":3035},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,113383,20325,113384,113386],{},[15,113385,110282],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[131,113388,175],{"id":174},[20,113390,6590],{},[35,113392,113394],{"className":37,"code":113393,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,113395,113396],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113397,113398,113400,113402,113404,113406,113408],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113399,188],{"class":50},[44,113401,86],{"class":58},[44,113403,29813],{"class":89},[44,113405,103],{"class":58},[44,113407,3091],{"class":89},[44,113409,108],{"class":58},[20,113411,79564],{},[145,113413,113414,113417,113420,113423,113426],{},[148,113415,113416],{},"A list",[148,113418,113419],{},"A tuple",[148,113421,113422],{},"Another set",[148,113424,113425],{},"A string",[148,113427,113428],{},"Any other iterable",[20,113430,113431],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[35,113433,113435],{"className":37,"code":113434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,113436,113437],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113438,113439,113441,113443,113445,113447,113449,113451,113453,113455,113457],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113440,188],{"class":50},[44,113442,86],{"class":58},[44,113444,29813],{"class":89},[44,113446,103],{"class":58},[44,113448,167],{"class":89},[44,113450,66],{"class":58},[44,113452,1929],{"class":89},[44,113454,66],{"class":58},[44,113456,9051],{"class":89},[44,113458,108],{"class":58},[20,113460,1578],{},[35,113462,113464],{"className":37,"code":113463,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,113465,113466,113478,113512,113516,113526],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113467,113468,113470,113472,113474,113476],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113469,3191],{"class":50},[44,113471,55],{"class":54},[44,113473,59],{"class":58},[44,113475,63],{"class":62},[44,113477,77],{"class":58},[44,113479,113480,113482,113484,113486,113488,113490,113492,113494,113496,113498,113500,113502,113504,113506,113508,113510],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,113481,4727],{"class":50},[44,113483,86],{"class":58},[44,113485,29813],{"class":89},[44,113487,2357],{"class":58},[44,113489,1426],{"class":62},[44,113491,66],{"class":58},[44,113493,74],{"class":62},[44,113495,17409],{"class":58},[44,113497,8607],{"class":58},[44,113499,1875],{"class":62},[44,113501,66],{"class":58},[44,113503,3975],{"class":62},[44,113505,8604],{"class":58},[44,113507,59],{"class":58},[44,113509,79955],{"class":62},[44,113511,29845],{"class":58},[44,113513,113514],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,113515,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,113517,113518,113520,113522,113524],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,113519,100],{"class":99},[44,113521,103],{"class":58},[44,113523,4727],{"class":89},[44,113525,108],{"class":58},[44,113527,113528],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,113529,113530],{"class":3035},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,113532,165,113533,86],{},[167,113534,592],{"href":591},[131,113536,21318],{"id":21317},[20,113538,113539,772,113541,86],{},[15,113540,96669],{},[15,113542,159],{},[20,113544,11074],{},[35,113546,113548],{"className":37,"code":113547,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,113549,113550,113566,113588,113592,113602],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113551,113552,113554,113556,113558,113560,113562,113564],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113553,51],{"class":50},[44,113555,55],{"class":54},[44,113557,59],{"class":58},[44,113559,63],{"class":62},[44,113561,66],{"class":58},[44,113563,69],{"class":62},[44,113565,77],{"class":58},[44,113567,113568,113570,113572,113574,113576,113578,113580,113582,113584,113586],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,113569,644],{"class":50},[44,113571,55],{"class":54},[44,113573,649],{"class":50},[44,113575,86],{"class":58},[44,113577,29813],{"class":89},[44,113579,2357],{"class":58},[44,113581,1432],{"class":62},[44,113583,66],{"class":58},[44,113585,1827],{"class":62},[44,113587,3258],{"class":58},[44,113589,113590],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,113591,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,113593,113594,113596,113598,113600],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,113595,100],{"class":99},[44,113597,103],{"class":58},[44,113599,668],{"class":89},[44,113601,108],{"class":58},[44,113603,113604],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,113605,61192],{"class":3035},[20,113607,113608,113609,86],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,113610,668],{},[20,113612,18316],{},[35,113614,113616],{"className":37,"code":113615,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113617,113618,113634,113652,113656,113666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113619,113620,113622,113624,113626,113628,113630,113632],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113621,51],{"class":50},[44,113623,55],{"class":54},[44,113625,59],{"class":58},[44,113627,63],{"class":62},[44,113629,66],{"class":58},[44,113631,69],{"class":62},[44,113633,77],{"class":58},[44,113635,113636,113638,113640,113642,113644,113646,113648,113650],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,113637,83],{"class":50},[44,113639,86],{"class":58},[44,113641,29813],{"class":89},[44,113643,2357],{"class":58},[44,113645,1432],{"class":62},[44,113647,66],{"class":58},[44,113649,1827],{"class":62},[44,113651,3258],{"class":58},[44,113653,113654],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,113655,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,113657,113658,113660,113662,113664],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,113659,100],{"class":99},[44,113661,103],{"class":58},[44,113663,83],{"class":89},[44,113665,108],{"class":58},[44,113667,113668],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,113669,113278],{"class":3035},[131,113671,113673],{"id":113672},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,113675,113676,113677,86],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,113678,1292],{},[35,113680,113682],{"className":37,"code":113681,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113683,113684,113700,113726,113730,113740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113685,113686,113688,113690,113692,113694,113696,113698],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113687,51],{"class":50},[44,113689,55],{"class":54},[44,113691,59],{"class":58},[44,113693,63],{"class":62},[44,113695,66],{"class":58},[44,113697,69],{"class":62},[44,113699,77],{"class":58},[44,113701,113702,113704,113706,113708,113710,113712,113714,113716,113718,113720,113722,113724],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,113703,83],{"class":50},[44,113705,86],{"class":58},[44,113707,29813],{"class":89},[44,113709,2357],{"class":58},[44,113711,1426],{"class":62},[44,113713,66],{"class":58},[44,113715,74],{"class":62},[44,113717,66],{"class":58},[44,113719,1827],{"class":62},[44,113721,66],{"class":58},[44,113723,1827],{"class":62},[44,113725,3258],{"class":58},[44,113727,113728],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,113729,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,113731,113732,113734,113736,113738],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,113733,100],{"class":99},[44,113735,103],{"class":58},[44,113737,83],{"class":89},[44,113739,108],{"class":58},[44,113741,113742],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,113743,113278],{"class":3035},[20,113745,311],{},[145,113747,113748,113753,113760],{},[148,113749,113750,113752],{},[15,113751,1426],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[148,113754,113755,342,113757,113759],{},[15,113756,1432],{},[15,113758,1875],{}," are added",[148,113761,113762,113763,113765],{},"The second ",[15,113764,1875],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,113767,113768,113769,113772],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[167,113770,113771],{"href":98325},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[131,113774,113776],{"id":113775},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,113778,7136,113779,113781],{},[15,113780,1292],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[35,113783,113785],{"className":37,"code":113784,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,113786,113787,113808,113829,113833,113849,113853,113863],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113788,113789,113792,113794,113796,113798,113800,113802,113804,113806],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113790,113791],{"class":50},"set_a ",[44,113793,55],{"class":54},[44,113795,59],{"class":58},[44,113797,63],{"class":62},[44,113799,66],{"class":58},[44,113801,69],{"class":62},[44,113803,66],{"class":58},[44,113805,74],{"class":62},[44,113807,77],{"class":58},[44,113809,113810,113813,113815,113817,113819,113821,113823,113825,113827],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,113811,113812],{"class":50},"set_b ",[44,113814,55],{"class":54},[44,113816,59],{"class":58},[44,113818,1432],{"class":62},[44,113820,66],{"class":58},[44,113822,1827],{"class":62},[44,113824,66],{"class":58},[44,113826,3975],{"class":62},[44,113828,77],{"class":58},[44,113830,113831],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,113832,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,113834,113835,113838,113840,113842,113844,113847],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,113836,113837],{"class":50},"set_a",[44,113839,86],{"class":58},[44,113841,29813],{"class":89},[44,113843,103],{"class":58},[44,113845,113846],{"class":89},"set_b",[44,113848,108],{"class":58},[44,113850,113851],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,113852,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,113854,113855,113857,113859,113861],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,113856,100],{"class":99},[44,113858,103],{"class":58},[44,113860,113837],{"class":89},[44,113862,108],{"class":58},[44,113864,113865],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,113866,111239],{"class":3035},[20,113868,113869],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,113871,113872,113873,86],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[167,113874,113875],{"href":102044},[15,113876,107291],{},[35,113878,113880],{"className":37,"code":113879,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113881,113882,113902,113922,113926,113946,113950,113961,113965,113975],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113883,113884,113886,113888,113890,113892,113894,113896,113898,113900],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113885,113791],{"class":50},[44,113887,55],{"class":54},[44,113889,59],{"class":58},[44,113891,63],{"class":62},[44,113893,66],{"class":58},[44,113895,69],{"class":62},[44,113897,66],{"class":58},[44,113899,74],{"class":62},[44,113901,77],{"class":58},[44,113903,113904,113906,113908,113910,113912,113914,113916,113918,113920],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,113905,113812],{"class":50},[44,113907,55],{"class":54},[44,113909,59],{"class":58},[44,113911,1432],{"class":62},[44,113913,66],{"class":58},[44,113915,1827],{"class":62},[44,113917,66],{"class":58},[44,113919,3975],{"class":62},[44,113921,77],{"class":58},[44,113923,113924],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,113925,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,113927,113928,113931,113933,113936,113938,113940,113942,113944],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,113929,113930],{"class":50},"combined ",[44,113932,55],{"class":54},[44,113934,113935],{"class":50}," set_a",[44,113937,86],{"class":58},[44,113939,110517],{"class":89},[44,113941,103],{"class":58},[44,113943,113846],{"class":89},[44,113945,108],{"class":58},[44,113947,113948],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,113949,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,113951,113952,113954,113956,113959],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,113953,100],{"class":99},[44,113955,103],{"class":58},[44,113957,113958],{"class":89},"combined",[44,113960,108],{"class":58},[44,113962,113963],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,113964,111239],{"class":3035},[44,113966,113967,113969,113971,113973],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,113968,100],{"class":99},[44,113970,103],{"class":58},[44,113972,113837],{"class":89},[44,113974,108],{"class":58},[44,113976,113977],{"class":46,"line":5802},[44,113978,113979],{"class":3035},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[131,113981,113983],{"id":113982},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,113985,64101,113986,113988],{},[15,113987,1292],{}," adds each character separately.",[35,113990,113992],{"className":37,"code":113991,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,113993,113994,114010,114028,114032,114042],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113995,113996,113998,114000,114002,114004,114006,114008],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113997,35444],{"class":50},[44,113999,55],{"class":54},[44,114001,59],{"class":58},[44,114003,236],{"class":235},[44,114005,1104],{"class":239},[44,114007,236],{"class":235},[44,114009,77],{"class":58},[44,114011,114012,114014,114016,114018,114020,114022,114024,114026],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,114013,35497],{"class":50},[44,114015,86],{"class":58},[44,114017,29813],{"class":89},[44,114019,103],{"class":58},[44,114021,236],{"class":235},[44,114023,36401],{"class":239},[44,114025,236],{"class":235},[44,114027,108],{"class":58},[44,114029,114030],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,114031,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,114033,114034,114036,114038,114040],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,114035,100],{"class":99},[44,114037,103],{"class":58},[44,114039,35497],{"class":89},[44,114041,108],{"class":58},[44,114043,114044],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,114045,114046],{"class":3035},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114048,114049],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114051,114052,601,114055,114057,114058,114060],{},[15,114053,114054],{},"update(\"cat\")",[30,114056,604],{}," add ",[15,114059,112284],{}," as one item. It adds:",[145,114062,114063,114067,114071],{},[148,114064,114065],{},[15,114066,65843],{},[148,114068,114069],{},[15,114070,17443],{},[148,114072,114073],{},[15,114074,112300],{},[20,114076,114077,114078,2255],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[167,114079,114080],{"href":1267},[15,114081,95569],{},[35,114083,114085],{"className":37,"code":114084,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114086,114087,114103,114121,114125,114135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114088,114089,114091,114093,114095,114097,114099,114101],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114090,3441],{"class":50},[44,114092,55],{"class":54},[44,114094,59],{"class":58},[44,114096,236],{"class":235},[44,114098,57487],{"class":239},[44,114100,236],{"class":235},[44,114102,77],{"class":58},[44,114104,114105,114107,114109,114111,114113,114115,114117,114119],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,114106,3485],{"class":50},[44,114108,86],{"class":58},[44,114110,81467],{"class":89},[44,114112,103],{"class":58},[44,114114,236],{"class":235},[44,114116,36401],{"class":239},[44,114118,236],{"class":235},[44,114120,108],{"class":58},[44,114122,114123],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,114124,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,114126,114127,114129,114131,114133],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,114128,100],{"class":99},[44,114130,103],{"class":58},[44,114132,3485],{"class":89},[44,114134,108],{"class":58},[44,114136,114137],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,114138,114139],{"class":3035},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[131,114141,114143,9953,114145],{"id":114142},"update-vs-add",[15,114144,1292],{},[15,114146,1271],{},[20,114148,114149],{},"The difference is simple:",[145,114151,114152,114156],{},[148,114153,114154,96159],{},[15,114155,1271],{},[148,114157,114158,96164],{},[15,114159,1292],{},[20,114161,45399,114162,2255],{},[15,114163,1271],{},[35,114165,114167],{"className":37,"code":114166,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114168,114169,114185,114203,114207,114217],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114170,114171,114173,114175,114177,114179,114181,114183],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114172,35592],{"class":50},[44,114174,55],{"class":54},[44,114176,59],{"class":58},[44,114178,236],{"class":235},[44,114180,3450],{"class":239},[44,114182,236],{"class":235},[44,114184,77],{"class":58},[44,114186,114187,114189,114191,114193,114195,114197,114199,114201],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,114188,35644],{"class":50},[44,114190,86],{"class":58},[44,114192,81467],{"class":89},[44,114194,103],{"class":58},[44,114196,236],{"class":235},[44,114198,3459],{"class":239},[44,114200,236],{"class":235},[44,114202,108],{"class":58},[44,114204,114205],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,114206,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,114208,114209,114211,114213,114215],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,114210,100],{"class":99},[44,114212,103],{"class":58},[44,114214,35644],{"class":89},[44,114216,108],{"class":58},[44,114218,114219],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,114220,114221],{"class":3035},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114223,45399,114224,2255],{},[15,114225,1292],{},[35,114227,114229],{"className":37,"code":114228,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114230,114231,114247,114273,114277,114287],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114232,114233,114235,114237,114239,114241,114243,114245],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114234,35592],{"class":50},[44,114236,55],{"class":54},[44,114238,59],{"class":58},[44,114240,236],{"class":235},[44,114242,3450],{"class":239},[44,114244,236],{"class":235},[44,114246,77],{"class":58},[44,114248,114249,114251,114253,114255,114257,114259,114261,114263,114265,114267,114269,114271],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,114250,35644],{"class":50},[44,114252,86],{"class":58},[44,114254,29813],{"class":89},[44,114256,2357],{"class":58},[44,114258,236],{"class":235},[44,114260,3459],{"class":239},[44,114262,236],{"class":235},[44,114264,66],{"class":58},[44,114266,247],{"class":235},[44,114268,32571],{"class":239},[44,114270,236],{"class":235},[44,114272,3258],{"class":58},[44,114274,114275],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,114276,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,114278,114279,114281,114283,114285],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,114280,100],{"class":99},[44,114282,103],{"class":58},[44,114284,35644],{"class":89},[44,114286,108],{"class":58},[44,114288,114289],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,114290,114291],{"class":3035},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114293,114294],{},"Important warning with strings:",[35,114296,114298],{"className":37,"code":114297,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114299,114300,114316,114334,114338,114348],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114301,114302,114304,114306,114308,114310,114312,114314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114303,35592],{"class":50},[44,114305,55],{"class":54},[44,114307,59],{"class":58},[44,114309,236],{"class":235},[44,114311,3450],{"class":239},[44,114313,236],{"class":235},[44,114315,77],{"class":58},[44,114317,114318,114320,114322,114324,114326,114328,114330,114332],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,114319,35644],{"class":50},[44,114321,86],{"class":58},[44,114323,29813],{"class":89},[44,114325,103],{"class":58},[44,114327,236],{"class":235},[44,114329,37696],{"class":239},[44,114331,236],{"class":235},[44,114333,108],{"class":58},[44,114335,114336],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,114337,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,114339,114340,114342,114344,114346],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,114341,100],{"class":99},[44,114343,103],{"class":58},[44,114345,35644],{"class":89},[44,114347,108],{"class":58},[44,114349,114350],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,114351,114352],{"class":3035},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,114354,61467,114355,61540,114358,6002],{},[15,114356,114357],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114359,1271],{},[131,114361,114363,9953,114365],{"id":114362},"update-vs-union",[15,114364,1292],{},[15,114366,102047],{},[20,114368,114369],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[347,114371,114372],{"id":29813},[15,114373,1292],{},[145,114375,114376,114379],{},[148,114377,114378],{},"Changes the existing set",[148,114380,156,114381],{},[15,114382,159],{},[35,114384,114386],{"className":37,"code":114385,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114387,114388,114404,114420,114424,114438,114448],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114389,114390,114392,114394,114396,114398,114400,114402],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114391,1095],{"class":50},[44,114393,55],{"class":54},[44,114395,59],{"class":58},[44,114397,63],{"class":62},[44,114399,66],{"class":58},[44,114401,69],{"class":62},[44,114403,77],{"class":58},[44,114405,114406,114408,114410,114412,114414,114416,114418],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,114407,1122],{"class":50},[44,114409,55],{"class":54},[44,114411,59],{"class":58},[44,114413,1426],{"class":62},[44,114415,66],{"class":58},[44,114417,74],{"class":62},[44,114419,77],{"class":58},[44,114421,114422],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,114423,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,114425,114426,114428,114430,114432,114434,114436],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,114427,167],{"class":50},[44,114429,86],{"class":58},[44,114431,29813],{"class":89},[44,114433,103],{"class":58},[44,114435,1164],{"class":89},[44,114437,108],{"class":58},[44,114439,114440,114442,114444,114446],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,114441,100],{"class":99},[44,114443,103],{"class":58},[44,114445,167],{"class":89},[44,114447,108],{"class":58},[44,114449,114450],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,114451,113979],{"class":3035},[347,114453,114454],{"id":110517},[15,114455,102047],{},[145,114457,114458,114460],{},[148,114459,100585],{},[148,114461,100588],{},[35,114463,114465],{"className":37,"code":114464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,114466,114467,114483,114499,114503,114521,114531,114535,114545],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114468,114469,114471,114473,114475,114477,114479,114481],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114470,1095],{"class":50},[44,114472,55],{"class":54},[44,114474,59],{"class":58},[44,114476,63],{"class":62},[44,114478,66],{"class":58},[44,114480,69],{"class":62},[44,114482,77],{"class":58},[44,114484,114485,114487,114489,114491,114493,114495,114497],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,114486,1122],{"class":50},[44,114488,55],{"class":54},[44,114490,59],{"class":58},[44,114492,1426],{"class":62},[44,114494,66],{"class":58},[44,114496,74],{"class":62},[44,114498,77],{"class":58},[44,114500,114501],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,114502,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,114504,114505,114507,114509,114511,114513,114515,114517,114519],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,114506,82547],{"class":50},[44,114508,55],{"class":54},[44,114510,56247],{"class":50},[44,114512,86],{"class":58},[44,114514,110517],{"class":89},[44,114516,103],{"class":58},[44,114518,1164],{"class":89},[44,114520,108],{"class":58},[44,114522,114523,114525,114527,114529],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,114524,100],{"class":99},[44,114526,103],{"class":58},[44,114528,9109],{"class":89},[44,114530,108],{"class":58},[44,114532,114533],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,114534,113979],{"class":3035},[44,114536,114537,114539,114541,114543],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,114538,100],{"class":99},[44,114540,103],{"class":58},[44,114542,167],{"class":89},[44,114544,108],{"class":58},[44,114546,114547],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,114548,114549],{"class":3035},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,114551,106933,114552,114554,114555,114559],{},[15,114553,1292],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[167,114556,114557],{"href":102044},[15,114558,102047],{}," when you want a new set.",[131,114561,114563],{"id":114562},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,114565,787,114566,86],{},[15,114567,96669],{},[347,114569,114571],{"id":114570},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,114573,114574],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[35,114576,114578],{"className":37,"code":114577,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114579,114580,114596,114618,114622,114632],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114581,114582,114584,114586,114588,114590,114592,114594],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114583,808],{"class":50},[44,114585,55],{"class":54},[44,114587,59],{"class":58},[44,114589,63],{"class":62},[44,114591,66],{"class":58},[44,114593,69],{"class":62},[44,114595,77],{"class":58},[44,114597,114598,114600,114602,114604,114606,114608,114610,114612,114614,114616],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,114599,644],{"class":50},[44,114601,55],{"class":54},[44,114603,833],{"class":50},[44,114605,86],{"class":58},[44,114607,29813],{"class":89},[44,114609,2357],{"class":58},[44,114611,1432],{"class":62},[44,114613,66],{"class":58},[44,114615,1827],{"class":62},[44,114617,3258],{"class":58},[44,114619,114620],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,114621,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,114623,114624,114626,114628,114630],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,114625,100],{"class":99},[44,114627,103],{"class":58},[44,114629,668],{"class":89},[44,114631,108],{"class":58},[44,114633,114634],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,114635,61192],{"class":3035},[20,114637,114638,114639,2255],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,114640,1292],{},[35,114642,114644],{"className":37,"code":114643,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114645,114646,114662,114680,114684,114694],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114647,114648,114650,114652,114654,114656,114658,114660],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114649,808],{"class":50},[44,114651,55],{"class":54},[44,114653,59],{"class":58},[44,114655,63],{"class":62},[44,114657,66],{"class":58},[44,114659,69],{"class":62},[44,114661,77],{"class":58},[44,114663,114664,114666,114668,114670,114672,114674,114676,114678],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,114665,188],{"class":50},[44,114667,86],{"class":58},[44,114669,29813],{"class":89},[44,114671,2357],{"class":58},[44,114673,1432],{"class":62},[44,114675,66],{"class":58},[44,114677,1827],{"class":62},[44,114679,3258],{"class":58},[44,114681,114682],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,114683,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,114685,114686,114688,114690,114692],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,114687,100],{"class":99},[44,114689,103],{"class":58},[44,114691,188],{"class":89},[44,114693,108],{"class":58},[44,114695,114696],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,114697,113278],{"class":3035},[347,114699,114701],{"id":114700},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,114703,2207],{},[35,114705,114707],{"className":37,"code":114706,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,114708,114709,114725],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114710,114711,114713,114715,114717,114719,114721,114723],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114712,808],{"class":50},[44,114714,55],{"class":54},[44,114716,59],{"class":58},[44,114718,63],{"class":62},[44,114720,66],{"class":58},[44,114722,69],{"class":62},[44,114724,77],{"class":58},[44,114726,114727,114729,114731,114733,114735,114737],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,114728,188],{"class":50},[44,114730,86],{"class":58},[44,114732,29813],{"class":89},[44,114734,103],{"class":58},[44,114736,1507],{"class":62},[44,114738,108],{"class":58},[20,114740,61646,114741,7975,114743,114745],{},[15,114742,2376],{},[15,114744,1507],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,114747,5925],{},[35,114749,114751],{"className":37,"code":114750,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,114752,114753,114769,114783,114787,114797],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114754,114755,114757,114759,114761,114763,114765,114767],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114756,808],{"class":50},[44,114758,55],{"class":54},[44,114760,59],{"class":58},[44,114762,63],{"class":62},[44,114764,66],{"class":58},[44,114766,69],{"class":62},[44,114768,77],{"class":58},[44,114770,114771,114773,114775,114777,114779,114781],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,114772,188],{"class":50},[44,114774,86],{"class":58},[44,114776,29813],{"class":89},[44,114778,2357],{"class":58},[44,114780,1507],{"class":62},[44,114782,3258],{"class":58},[44,114784,114785],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,114786,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,114788,114789,114791,114793,114795],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,114790,100],{"class":99},[44,114792,103],{"class":58},[44,114794,188],{"class":89},[44,114796,108],{"class":58},[44,114798,114799],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,114800,114801],{"class":3035},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,114803,45272,114804,86],{},[167,114805,25028,114806],{"href":51961},[15,114807,114808],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[347,114810,114812],{"id":114811},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,114814,114815],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[35,114817,114819],{"className":37,"code":114818,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114820,114821,114837,114863,114867,114877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114822,114823,114825,114827,114829,114831,114833,114835],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114824,808],{"class":50},[44,114826,55],{"class":54},[44,114828,59],{"class":58},[44,114830,63],{"class":62},[44,114832,66],{"class":58},[44,114834,69],{"class":62},[44,114836,77],{"class":58},[44,114838,114839,114841,114843,114845,114847,114849,114851,114853,114855,114857,114859,114861],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,114840,188],{"class":50},[44,114842,86],{"class":58},[44,114844,29813],{"class":89},[44,114846,2357],{"class":58},[44,114848,1426],{"class":62},[44,114850,66],{"class":58},[44,114852,69],{"class":62},[44,114854,66],{"class":58},[44,114856,69],{"class":62},[44,114858,66],{"class":58},[44,114860,74],{"class":62},[44,114862,3258],{"class":58},[44,114864,114865],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,114866,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,114868,114869,114871,114873,114875],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,114870,100],{"class":99},[44,114872,103],{"class":58},[44,114874,188],{"class":89},[44,114876,108],{"class":58},[44,114878,114879],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,114880,113979],{"class":3035},[347,114882,114884,114885,43988,114887,114889],{"id":114883},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,114886,1292],{},[15,114888,1271],{}," is better",[20,114891,114892,114893,114895],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,114894,1271],{}," is usually the better choice.",[35,114897,114899],{"className":37,"code":114898,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114900,114901,114917,114935,114939,114949],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114902,114903,114905,114907,114909,114911,114913,114915],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114904,808],{"class":50},[44,114906,55],{"class":54},[44,114908,59],{"class":58},[44,114910,236],{"class":235},[44,114912,57487],{"class":239},[44,114914,236],{"class":235},[44,114916,77],{"class":58},[44,114918,114919,114921,114923,114925,114927,114929,114931,114933],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,114920,188],{"class":50},[44,114922,86],{"class":58},[44,114924,81467],{"class":89},[44,114926,103],{"class":58},[44,114928,236],{"class":235},[44,114930,36401],{"class":239},[44,114932,236],{"class":235},[44,114934,108],{"class":58},[44,114936,114937],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,114938,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,114940,114941,114943,114945,114947],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,114942,100],{"class":99},[44,114944,103],{"class":58},[44,114946,188],{"class":89},[44,114948,108],{"class":58},[44,114950,114951],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,114952,114139],{"class":3035},[131,114954,1196],{"id":1195},[347,114956,1212,114958,96648],{"id":114957},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,114959,96669],{},[20,114961,96651,114962,86],{},[15,114963,159],{},[347,114965,27677,114966,31576],{"id":31573},[15,114967,1292],{},[20,114969,114970],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[347,114972,1234,114974,342,114976,1239],{"id":114973},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,114975,1271],{},[15,114977,1292],{},[20,114979,114980,114982,114983,114985],{},[15,114981,1271],{}," adds one item. ",[15,114984,1292],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[347,114987,114989],{"id":114988},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,114991,114992,114993,113988],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,114994,1292],{},[347,114996,114998],{"id":114997},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115000,1462,115001,10459,115003,86],{},[15,115002,102047],{},[15,115004,1292],{},[131,115006,1251],{"id":1250},[145,115008,115009,115016,115023,115029,115035],{},[148,115010,115011],{},[167,115012,115013],{"href":1267},[15,115014,115015],{},"Python set add() method",[148,115017,115018],{},[167,115019,115020],{"href":102044},[15,115021,115022],{},"Python set union() method",[148,115024,115025],{},[167,115026,115027],{"href":591},[15,115028,1262],{},[148,115030,115031],{},[167,115032,115033],{"href":98325},[15,115034,99592],{},[148,115036,115037],{},[167,115038,115039,115041],{"href":51961},[15,115040,114808],{}," fix",[20,115043,115044,115045,115047,115048,115050],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115046,95569],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115049,107291],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1294,115052,115053],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":115055},[115056,115057,115059,115060,115061,115062,115063,115064,115066,115071,115078,115087],{"id":2978,"depth":80,"text":2979},{"id":113286,"depth":80,"text":115058},"What set.update() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":21317,"depth":80,"text":21318},{"id":113672,"depth":80,"text":113673},{"id":113775,"depth":80,"text":113776},{"id":113982,"depth":80,"text":113983},{"id":114142,"depth":80,"text":115065},"update() vs add()",{"id":114362,"depth":80,"text":115067,"children":115068},"update() vs union()",[115069,115070],{"id":29813,"depth":96,"text":1292},{"id":110517,"depth":96,"text":102047},{"id":114562,"depth":80,"text":114563,"children":115072},[115073,115074,115075,115076],{"id":114570,"depth":96,"text":114571},{"id":114700,"depth":96,"text":114701},{"id":114811,"depth":96,"text":114812},{"id":114883,"depth":96,"text":115077},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":115079},[115080,115082,115083,115085,115086],{"id":114957,"depth":96,"text":115081},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":31573,"depth":96,"text":31646},{"id":114973,"depth":96,"text":115084},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":114988,"depth":96,"text":114989},{"id":114997,"depth":96,"text":114998},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113198,"description":115088},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115094,"title":115095,"body":115096,"description":116862,"extension":1331,"meta":116863,"navigation":268,"path":13144,"seo":116864,"stem":116865,"__hash__":116866},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115097,"toc":116837},[115098,115101,115104,115107,115118,115126,115129,115131,115280,115292,115296,115313,115317,115325,115327,115338,115340,115437,115443,115446,115542,115551,115556,115560,115565,115567,115577,115579,115688,115696,115700,115703,115706,115723,115729,115809,115812,115816,115819,115823,115826,115885,115888,115892,115895,115987,115991,115994,116101,116105,116111,116139,116141,116223,116233,116237,116240,116251,116254,116339,116342,116347,116351,116354,116365,116368,116510,116513,116517,116520,116534,116537,116598,116604,116606,116609,116631,116634,116734,116737,116769,116771,116775,116778,116780,116783,116787,116790,116794,116797,116801,116804,116806,116834],[10,115099,115095],{"id":115100},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115102,115103],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115105,115106],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[145,115108,115109,115112,115115],{},[148,115110,115111],{},"a list inside another list",[148,115113,115114],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[148,115116,115117],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115119,99514,115120,342,115122,115125],{},[30,115121,12207],{},[30,115123,115124],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115127,115128],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[131,115130,1372],{"id":1371},[35,115132,115134],{"className":37,"code":115133,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115135,115136,115143,115147,115173,115193,115213,115217,115235,115239,115252,115266],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115137,115138,115140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115139,34443],{"class":3245},[44,115141,115142],{"class":50}," copy\n",[44,115144,115145],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,115146,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,115148,115149,115151,115153,115155,115157,115159,115161,115163,115165,115167,115169,115171],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,115150,11444],{"class":50},[44,115152,55],{"class":54},[44,115154,55653],{"class":58},[44,115156,63],{"class":62},[44,115158,66],{"class":58},[44,115160,69],{"class":62},[44,115162,17409],{"class":58},[44,115164,2993],{"class":58},[44,115166,1432],{"class":62},[44,115168,66],{"class":58},[44,115170,1827],{"class":62},[44,115172,52604],{"class":58},[44,115174,115175,115178,115180,115183,115185,115187,115189,115191],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,115176,115177],{"class":50},"shallow ",[44,115179,55],{"class":54},[44,115181,115182],{"class":50}," copy",[44,115184,86],{"class":58},[44,115186,12268],{"class":89},[44,115188,103],{"class":58},[44,115190,11491],{"class":89},[44,115192,108],{"class":58},[44,115194,115195,115198,115200,115202,115204,115207,115209,115211],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,115196,115197],{"class":50},"deep ",[44,115199,55],{"class":54},[44,115201,115182],{"class":50},[44,115203,86],{"class":58},[44,115205,115206],{"class":89},"deepcopy",[44,115208,103],{"class":58},[44,115210,11491],{"class":89},[44,115212,108],{"class":58},[44,115214,115215],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,115216,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,115218,115219,115221,115223,115225,115227,115229,115231,115233],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,115220,11491],{"class":50},[44,115222,3270],{"class":58},[44,115224,1490],{"class":62},[44,115226,12904],{"class":58},[44,115228,12907],{"class":89},[44,115230,103],{"class":58},[44,115232,55706],{"class":62},[44,115234,108],{"class":58},[44,115236,115237],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,115238,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,115240,115241,115243,115245,115247,115249],{"class":46,"line":5802},[44,115242,100],{"class":99},[44,115244,103],{"class":58},[44,115246,11491],{"class":89},[44,115248,3032],{"class":58},[44,115250,115251],{"class":3035},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[44,115253,115254,115256,115258,115261,115263],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,115255,100],{"class":99},[44,115257,103],{"class":58},[44,115259,115260],{"class":89},"shallow",[44,115262,3032],{"class":58},[44,115264,115265],{"class":3035},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[44,115267,115268,115270,115272,115275,115277],{"class":46,"line":10956},[44,115269,100],{"class":99},[44,115271,103],{"class":58},[44,115273,115274],{"class":89},"deep",[44,115276,3032],{"class":58},[44,115278,115279],{"class":3035},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115281,1462,115282,115285,115286,342,115288,115291],{},[15,115283,115284],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[30,115287,12207],{},[15,115289,115290],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[131,115293,115295],{"id":115294},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[145,115297,115298,115301,115304,115307,115310],{},[148,115299,115300],{},"What a copy means in Python",[148,115302,115303],{},"How shallow copy works",[148,115305,115306],{},"How deep copy works",[148,115308,115309],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[148,115311,115312],{},"When to use each approach",[131,115314,115316],{"id":115315},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115318,14542,115319,115321,115322,115324],{},[30,115320,12207],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[30,115323,604],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115326,1477],{},[145,115328,115329,115332,115335],{},[148,115330,115331],{},"the outer container is new",[148,115333,115334],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[148,115336,115337],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,115339,1578],{},[35,115341,115343],{"className":37,"code":115342,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115344,115345,115371,115385,115389,115407,115411,115424],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115346,115347,115349,115351,115353,115355,115357,115359,115361,115363,115365,115367,115369],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115348,11444],{"class":50},[44,115350,55],{"class":54},[44,115352,55653],{"class":58},[44,115354,63],{"class":62},[44,115356,66],{"class":58},[44,115358,69],{"class":62},[44,115360,17409],{"class":58},[44,115362,2993],{"class":58},[44,115364,1432],{"class":62},[44,115366,66],{"class":58},[44,115368,1827],{"class":62},[44,115370,52604],{"class":58},[44,115372,115373,115375,115377,115379,115381,115383],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,115374,13665],{"class":50},[44,115376,55],{"class":54},[44,115378,11519],{"class":50},[44,115380,86],{"class":58},[44,115382,12268],{"class":89},[44,115384,93],{"class":58},[44,115386,115387],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,115388,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,115390,115391,115393,115395,115397,115399,115401,115403,115405],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,115392,13684],{"class":50},[44,115394,86],{"class":58},[44,115396,12907],{"class":89},[44,115398,2357],{"class":58},[44,115400,1507],{"class":62},[44,115402,66],{"class":58},[44,115404,36998],{"class":62},[44,115406,3258],{"class":58},[44,115408,115409],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,115410,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,115412,115413,115415,115417,115419,115421],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,115414,100],{"class":99},[44,115416,103],{"class":58},[44,115418,11491],{"class":89},[44,115420,3032],{"class":58},[44,115422,115423],{"class":3035},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[44,115425,115426,115428,115430,115432,115434],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,115427,100],{"class":99},[44,115429,103],{"class":58},[44,115431,13684],{"class":89},[44,115433,3032],{"class":58},[44,115435,115436],{"class":3035},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,115438,115439,115440,115442],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,115441,13684],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,115444,115445],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[35,115447,115449],{"className":37,"code":115448,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115450,115451,115477,115491,115495,115513,115517,115529],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115452,115453,115455,115457,115459,115461,115463,115465,115467,115469,115471,115473,115475],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115454,11444],{"class":50},[44,115456,55],{"class":54},[44,115458,55653],{"class":58},[44,115460,63],{"class":62},[44,115462,66],{"class":58},[44,115464,69],{"class":62},[44,115466,17409],{"class":58},[44,115468,2993],{"class":58},[44,115470,1432],{"class":62},[44,115472,66],{"class":58},[44,115474,1827],{"class":62},[44,115476,52604],{"class":58},[44,115478,115479,115481,115483,115485,115487,115489],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,115480,13665],{"class":50},[44,115482,55],{"class":54},[44,115484,11519],{"class":50},[44,115486,86],{"class":58},[44,115488,12268],{"class":89},[44,115490,93],{"class":58},[44,115492,115493],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,115494,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,115496,115497,115499,115501,115503,115505,115507,115509,115511],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,115498,13684],{"class":50},[44,115500,3270],{"class":58},[44,115502,1490],{"class":62},[44,115504,12904],{"class":58},[44,115506,12907],{"class":89},[44,115508,103],{"class":58},[44,115510,55706],{"class":62},[44,115512,108],{"class":58},[44,115514,115515],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,115516,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,115518,115519,115521,115523,115525,115527],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,115520,100],{"class":99},[44,115522,103],{"class":58},[44,115524,11491],{"class":89},[44,115526,3032],{"class":58},[44,115528,115251],{"class":3035},[44,115530,115531,115533,115535,115537,115539],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,115532,100],{"class":99},[44,115534,103],{"class":58},[44,115536,13684],{"class":89},[44,115538,3032],{"class":58},[44,115540,115541],{"class":3035},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115543,115544,115545,342,115547,115550],{},"Both changed because ",[15,115546,55810],{},[15,115548,115549],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,115552,115553,115554,86],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[167,115555,43294],{"href":11423},[131,115557,115559],{"id":115558},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,115561,14542,115562,115564],{},[30,115563,115124],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,115566,1477],{},[145,115568,115569,115571,115574],{},[148,115570,115331],{},[148,115572,115573],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[148,115575,115576],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,115578,1578],{},[35,115580,115582],{"className":37,"code":115581,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115583,115584,115590,115594,115620,115638,115642,115660,115664,115676],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115585,115586,115588],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115587,34443],{"class":3245},[44,115589,115142],{"class":50},[44,115591,115592],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,115593,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,115595,115596,115598,115600,115602,115604,115606,115608,115610,115612,115614,115616,115618],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,115597,11444],{"class":50},[44,115599,55],{"class":54},[44,115601,55653],{"class":58},[44,115603,63],{"class":62},[44,115605,66],{"class":58},[44,115607,69],{"class":62},[44,115609,17409],{"class":58},[44,115611,2993],{"class":58},[44,115613,1432],{"class":62},[44,115615,66],{"class":58},[44,115617,1827],{"class":62},[44,115619,52604],{"class":58},[44,115621,115622,115624,115626,115628,115630,115632,115634,115636],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,115623,13665],{"class":50},[44,115625,55],{"class":54},[44,115627,115182],{"class":50},[44,115629,86],{"class":58},[44,115631,115206],{"class":89},[44,115633,103],{"class":58},[44,115635,11491],{"class":89},[44,115637,108],{"class":58},[44,115639,115640],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,115641,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,115643,115644,115646,115648,115650,115652,115654,115656,115658],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,115645,13684],{"class":50},[44,115647,3270],{"class":58},[44,115649,1490],{"class":62},[44,115651,12904],{"class":58},[44,115653,12907],{"class":89},[44,115655,103],{"class":58},[44,115657,55706],{"class":62},[44,115659,108],{"class":58},[44,115661,115662],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,115663,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,115665,115666,115668,115670,115672,115674],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,115667,100],{"class":99},[44,115669,103],{"class":58},[44,115671,11491],{"class":89},[44,115673,3032],{"class":58},[44,115675,115423],{"class":3035},[44,115677,115678,115680,115682,115684,115686],{"class":46,"line":5802},[44,115679,100],{"class":99},[44,115681,103],{"class":58},[44,115683,13684],{"class":89},[44,115685,3032],{"class":58},[44,115687,115541],{"class":3035},[20,115689,115690,115691,115693,115694,86],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,115692,115549],{}," does not change ",[15,115695,55810],{},[131,115697,115699],{"id":115698},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,115701,115702],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,115704,115705],{},"Common reasons:",[145,115707,115708,115711,115714,115720],{},[148,115709,115710],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[148,115712,115713],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[148,115715,115716,115717,115719],{},"Assignment with ",[15,115718,55],{}," does not make a copy",[148,115721,115722],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,115724,115725,115726,115728],{},"For example, this does ",[30,115727,604],{}," create a copy:",[35,115730,115732],{"className":37,"code":115731,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,115733,115734,115754,115762,115766,115780,115784,115796],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115735,115736,115738,115740,115742,115744,115746,115748,115750,115752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115737,11444],{"class":50},[44,115739,55],{"class":54},[44,115741,2993],{"class":58},[44,115743,63],{"class":62},[44,115745,66],{"class":58},[44,115747,69],{"class":62},[44,115749,66],{"class":58},[44,115751,74],{"class":62},[44,115753,3006],{"class":58},[44,115755,115756,115758,115760],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,115757,13665],{"class":50},[44,115759,55],{"class":54},[44,115761,11482],{"class":50},[44,115763,115764],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,115765,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,115767,115768,115770,115772,115774,115776,115778],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,115769,13684],{"class":50},[44,115771,86],{"class":58},[44,115773,12907],{"class":89},[44,115775,103],{"class":58},[44,115777,1875],{"class":62},[44,115779,108],{"class":58},[44,115781,115782],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,115783,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,115785,115786,115788,115790,115792,115794],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,115787,100],{"class":99},[44,115789,103],{"class":58},[44,115791,11491],{"class":89},[44,115793,3032],{"class":58},[44,115795,55060],{"class":3035},[44,115797,115798,115800,115802,115804,115806],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,115799,100],{"class":99},[44,115801,103],{"class":58},[44,115803,13684],{"class":89},[44,115805,3032],{"class":58},[44,115807,115808],{"class":3035},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,115810,115811],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[131,115813,115815],{"id":115814},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,115817,115818],{},"These three ideas are different.",[347,115820,115822],{"id":115821},"assignment","Assignment",[20,115824,115825],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[35,115827,115829],{"className":37,"code":115828,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,115830,115831,115857,115865,115869],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115832,115833,115835,115837,115839,115841,115843,115845,115847,115849,115851,115853,115855],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115834,11444],{"class":50},[44,115836,55],{"class":54},[44,115838,55653],{"class":58},[44,115840,63],{"class":62},[44,115842,66],{"class":58},[44,115844,69],{"class":62},[44,115846,17409],{"class":58},[44,115848,2993],{"class":58},[44,115850,1432],{"class":62},[44,115852,66],{"class":58},[44,115854,1827],{"class":62},[44,115856,52604],{"class":58},[44,115858,115859,115861,115863],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,115860,13456],{"class":50},[44,115862,55],{"class":54},[44,115864,11482],{"class":50},[44,115866,115867],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,115868,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,115870,115871,115873,115875,115877,115879,115881,115883],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,115872,100],{"class":99},[44,115874,103],{"class":58},[44,115876,11444],{"class":89},[44,115878,11552],{"class":3245},[44,115880,13524],{"class":89},[44,115882,3032],{"class":58},[44,115884,3036],{"class":3035},[20,115886,115887],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[347,115889,115891],{"id":115890},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,115893,115894],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[35,115896,115898],{"className":37,"code":115897,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,115899,115900,115926,115940,115944,115961],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115901,115902,115904,115906,115908,115910,115912,115914,115916,115918,115920,115922,115924],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115903,11444],{"class":50},[44,115905,55],{"class":54},[44,115907,55653],{"class":58},[44,115909,63],{"class":62},[44,115911,66],{"class":58},[44,115913,69],{"class":62},[44,115915,17409],{"class":58},[44,115917,2993],{"class":58},[44,115919,1432],{"class":62},[44,115921,66],{"class":58},[44,115923,1827],{"class":62},[44,115925,52604],{"class":58},[44,115927,115928,115930,115932,115934,115936,115938],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,115929,115177],{"class":50},[44,115931,55],{"class":54},[44,115933,11519],{"class":50},[44,115935,86],{"class":58},[44,115937,12268],{"class":89},[44,115939,93],{"class":58},[44,115941,115942],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,115943,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,115945,115946,115948,115950,115952,115954,115957,115959],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,115947,100],{"class":99},[44,115949,103],{"class":58},[44,115951,11444],{"class":89},[44,115953,11552],{"class":3245},[44,115955,115956],{"class":89}," shallow",[44,115958,3032],{"class":58},[44,115960,20548],{"class":3035},[44,115962,115963,115965,115967,115969,115971,115973,115975,115977,115979,115981,115983,115985],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,115964,100],{"class":99},[44,115966,103],{"class":58},[44,115968,11491],{"class":89},[44,115970,3270],{"class":58},[44,115972,1490],{"class":62},[44,115974,12627],{"class":58},[44,115976,7470],{"class":3245},[44,115978,115956],{"class":89},[44,115980,3270],{"class":58},[44,115982,1490],{"class":62},[44,115984,19794],{"class":58},[44,115986,3036],{"class":3035},[347,115988,115990],{"id":115989},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,115992,115993],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[35,115995,115997],{"className":37,"code":115996,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,115998,115999,116005,116009,116035,116053,116057,116075],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116000,116001,116003],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116002,34443],{"class":3245},[44,116004,115142],{"class":50},[44,116006,116007],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,116008,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,116010,116011,116013,116015,116017,116019,116021,116023,116025,116027,116029,116031,116033],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,116012,11444],{"class":50},[44,116014,55],{"class":54},[44,116016,55653],{"class":58},[44,116018,63],{"class":62},[44,116020,66],{"class":58},[44,116022,69],{"class":62},[44,116024,17409],{"class":58},[44,116026,2993],{"class":58},[44,116028,1432],{"class":62},[44,116030,66],{"class":58},[44,116032,1827],{"class":62},[44,116034,52604],{"class":58},[44,116036,116037,116039,116041,116043,116045,116047,116049,116051],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,116038,115197],{"class":50},[44,116040,55],{"class":54},[44,116042,115182],{"class":50},[44,116044,86],{"class":58},[44,116046,115206],{"class":89},[44,116048,103],{"class":58},[44,116050,11491],{"class":89},[44,116052,108],{"class":58},[44,116054,116055],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,116056,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,116058,116059,116061,116063,116065,116067,116070,116072],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,116060,100],{"class":99},[44,116062,103],{"class":58},[44,116064,11444],{"class":89},[44,116066,11552],{"class":3245},[44,116068,116069],{"class":89}," deep",[44,116071,3032],{"class":58},[44,116073,116074],{"class":3035},"         # False\n",[44,116076,116077,116079,116081,116083,116085,116087,116089,116091,116093,116095,116097,116099],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,116078,100],{"class":99},[44,116080,103],{"class":58},[44,116082,11491],{"class":89},[44,116084,3270],{"class":58},[44,116086,1490],{"class":62},[44,116088,12627],{"class":58},[44,116090,7470],{"class":3245},[44,116092,116069],{"class":89},[44,116094,3270],{"class":58},[44,116096,1490],{"class":62},[44,116098,19794],{"class":58},[44,116100,43230],{"class":3035},[131,116102,116104],{"id":116103},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116106,116107,116108,2255],{},"These all make ",[30,116109,116110],{},"shallow copies",[145,116112,116113,116117,116121,116126,116132],{},[148,116114,116115],{},[15,116116,54960],{},[148,116118,116119],{},[15,116120,11793],{},[148,116122,116123],{},[15,116124,116125],{},"set.copy()",[148,116127,116128,116129],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116130,116131],{},"my_list[:]",[148,116133,116134,116136,116137,34433],{},[15,116135,115284],{}," from the ",[15,116138,12268],{},[20,116140,1496],{},[35,116142,116144],{"className":37,"code":116143,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116145,116146,116166,116170,116184,116195,116199,116211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116147,116148,116150,116152,116154,116156,116158,116160,116162,116164],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116149,51],{"class":50},[44,116151,55],{"class":54},[44,116153,2993],{"class":58},[44,116155,63],{"class":62},[44,116157,66],{"class":58},[44,116159,69],{"class":62},[44,116161,66],{"class":58},[44,116163,74],{"class":62},[44,116165,3006],{"class":58},[44,116167,116168],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,116169,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,116171,116172,116174,116176,116178,116180,116182],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,116173,1095],{"class":50},[44,116175,55],{"class":54},[44,116177,649],{"class":50},[44,116179,86],{"class":58},[44,116181,12268],{"class":89},[44,116183,93],{"class":58},[44,116185,116186,116188,116190,116192],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,116187,1122],{"class":50},[44,116189,55],{"class":54},[44,116191,649],{"class":50},[44,116193,116194],{"class":58},"[:]\n",[44,116196,116197],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,116198,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,116200,116201,116203,116205,116207,116209],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,116202,100],{"class":99},[44,116204,103],{"class":58},[44,116206,167],{"class":89},[44,116208,3032],{"class":58},[44,116210,54292],{"class":3035},[44,116212,116213,116215,116217,116219,116221],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,116214,100],{"class":99},[44,116216,103],{"class":58},[44,116218,1164],{"class":89},[44,116220,3032],{"class":58},[44,116222,54292],{"class":3035},[20,116224,72501,116225,46893,116229,86],{},[167,116226,116227,1272],{"href":54320},[15,116228,54960],{},[167,116230,116231,1272],{"href":11790},[15,116232,11793],{},[131,116234,116236],{"id":116235},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116238,116239],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[145,116241,116242,116245,116248],{},[148,116243,116244],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[148,116246,116247],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[148,116249,116250],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116252,116253],{},"Example with a flat list:",[35,116255,116257],{"className":37,"code":116256,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116258,116259,116279,116293,116297,116311,116315,116327],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116260,116261,116263,116265,116267,116269,116271,116273,116275,116277],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116262,11444],{"class":50},[44,116264,55],{"class":54},[44,116266,2993],{"class":58},[44,116268,63],{"class":62},[44,116270,66],{"class":58},[44,116272,69],{"class":62},[44,116274,66],{"class":58},[44,116276,74],{"class":62},[44,116278,3006],{"class":58},[44,116280,116281,116283,116285,116287,116289,116291],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,116282,13665],{"class":50},[44,116284,55],{"class":54},[44,116286,11519],{"class":50},[44,116288,86],{"class":58},[44,116290,12268],{"class":89},[44,116292,93],{"class":58},[44,116294,116295],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,116296,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,116298,116299,116301,116303,116305,116307,116309],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,116300,13684],{"class":50},[44,116302,86],{"class":58},[44,116304,12907],{"class":89},[44,116306,103],{"class":58},[44,116308,1875],{"class":62},[44,116310,108],{"class":58},[44,116312,116313],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,116314,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,116316,116317,116319,116321,116323,116325],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,116318,100],{"class":99},[44,116320,103],{"class":58},[44,116322,11491],{"class":89},[44,116324,3032],{"class":58},[44,116326,54292],{"class":3035},[44,116328,116329,116331,116333,116335,116337],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,116330,100],{"class":99},[44,116332,103],{"class":58},[44,116334,13684],{"class":89},[44,116336,3032],{"class":58},[44,116338,115808],{"class":3035},[20,116340,116341],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,116343,116344,116345,86],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[167,116346,14242],{"href":56579},[131,116348,116350],{"id":116349},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,116352,116353],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[145,116355,116356,116359,116362],{},[148,116357,116358],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[148,116360,116361],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[148,116363,116364],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,116366,116367],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[35,116369,116371],{"className":37,"code":116370,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,116372,116373,116379,116383,116409,116423,116441,116445,116467,116471,116484,116497],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116374,116375,116377],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116376,34443],{"class":3245},[44,116378,115142],{"class":50},[44,116380,116381],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,116382,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,116384,116385,116387,116389,116391,116393,116395,116397,116399,116401,116403,116405,116407],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,116386,11444],{"class":50},[44,116388,55],{"class":54},[44,116390,59],{"class":58},[44,116392,236],{"class":235},[44,116394,15740],{"class":239},[44,116396,236],{"class":235},[44,116398,2255],{"class":58},[44,116400,2993],{"class":58},[44,116402,1701],{"class":62},[44,116404,66],{"class":58},[44,116406,7163],{"class":62},[44,116408,13060],{"class":58},[44,116410,116411,116413,116415,116417,116419,116421],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,116412,115177],{"class":50},[44,116414,55],{"class":54},[44,116416,11519],{"class":50},[44,116418,86],{"class":58},[44,116420,12268],{"class":89},[44,116422,93],{"class":58},[44,116424,116425,116427,116429,116431,116433,116435,116437,116439],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,116426,115197],{"class":50},[44,116428,55],{"class":54},[44,116430,115182],{"class":50},[44,116432,86],{"class":58},[44,116434,115206],{"class":89},[44,116436,103],{"class":58},[44,116438,11491],{"class":89},[44,116440,108],{"class":58},[44,116442,116443],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,116444,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,116446,116447,116449,116451,116453,116455,116457,116459,116461,116463,116465],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,116448,11491],{"class":50},[44,116450,3270],{"class":58},[44,116452,236],{"class":235},[44,116454,15740],{"class":239},[44,116456,236],{"class":235},[44,116458,12904],{"class":58},[44,116460,12907],{"class":89},[44,116462,103],{"class":58},[44,116464,36195],{"class":62},[44,116466,108],{"class":58},[44,116468,116469],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,116470,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,116472,116473,116475,116477,116479,116481],{"class":46,"line":5802},[44,116474,100],{"class":99},[44,116476,103],{"class":58},[44,116478,11491],{"class":89},[44,116480,3032],{"class":58},[44,116482,116483],{"class":3035},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[44,116485,116486,116488,116490,116492,116494],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,116487,100],{"class":99},[44,116489,103],{"class":58},[44,116491,115260],{"class":89},[44,116493,3032],{"class":58},[44,116495,116496],{"class":3035},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[44,116498,116499,116501,116503,116505,116507],{"class":46,"line":10956},[44,116500,100],{"class":99},[44,116502,103],{"class":58},[44,116504,115274],{"class":89},[44,116506,3032],{"class":58},[44,116508,116509],{"class":3035},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,116511,116512],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[131,116514,116516],{"id":116515},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,116518,116519],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[145,116521,116522,116525,116528,116531],{},[148,116523,116524],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[148,116526,116527],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[148,116529,116530],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[148,116532,116533],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,116535,116536],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[35,116538,116540],{"className":37,"code":116539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,116541,116542,116550,116558,116562,116570,116574,116586],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116543,116544,116546,116548],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116545,1095],{"class":50},[44,116547,55],{"class":54},[44,116549,1956],{"class":62},[44,116551,116552,116554,116556],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,116553,1122],{"class":50},[44,116555,55],{"class":54},[44,116557,1127],{"class":50},[44,116559,116560],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,116561,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,116563,116564,116566,116568],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,116565,1122],{"class":50},[44,116567,55],{"class":54},[44,116569,13968],{"class":62},[44,116571,116572],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,116573,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,116575,116576,116578,116580,116582,116584],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,116577,100],{"class":99},[44,116579,103],{"class":58},[44,116581,167],{"class":89},[44,116583,3032],{"class":58},[44,116585,26143],{"class":3035},[44,116587,116588,116590,116592,116594,116596],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,116589,100],{"class":99},[44,116591,103],{"class":58},[44,116593,1164],{"class":89},[44,116595,3032],{"class":58},[44,116597,26964],{"class":3035},[20,116599,92871,116600,116603],{},[167,116601,116602],{"href":11423},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[131,116605,2200],{"id":2199},[20,116607,116608],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[145,116610,116611,116615,116620,116625,116628],{},[148,116612,350,116613,56143],{},[15,116614,55],{},[148,116616,350,116617,116619],{},[15,116618,54960],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[148,116621,350,116622,116624],{},[15,116623,11793],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[148,116626,116627],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[148,116629,116630],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,116632,116633],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[35,116635,116637],{"className":37,"code":116636,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,116638,116639,116653,116667,116689,116720],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116640,116641,116643,116645,116647,116649,116651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116642,100],{"class":99},[44,116644,103],{"class":58},[44,116646,11444],{"class":89},[44,116648,11552],{"class":3245},[44,116650,13738],{"class":89},[44,116652,108],{"class":58},[44,116654,116655,116657,116659,116661,116663,116665],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,116656,100],{"class":99},[44,116658,103],{"class":58},[44,116660,11444],{"class":89},[44,116662,4058],{"class":54},[44,116664,13738],{"class":89},[44,116666,108],{"class":58},[44,116668,116669,116671,116673,116675,116677,116679,116681,116683,116685,116687],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,116670,100],{"class":99},[44,116672,103],{"class":58},[44,116674,12007],{"class":99},[44,116676,103],{"class":58},[44,116678,11491],{"class":89},[44,116680,8604],{"class":58},[44,116682,14170],{"class":99},[44,116684,103],{"class":58},[44,116686,13684],{"class":89},[44,116688,993],{"class":58},[44,116690,116691,116693,116695,116697,116699,116701,116703,116705,116708,116710,116712,116714,116716,116718],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,116692,100],{"class":99},[44,116694,103],{"class":58},[44,116696,12007],{"class":99},[44,116698,103],{"class":58},[44,116700,11491],{"class":89},[44,116702,3270],{"class":58},[44,116704,1490],{"class":62},[44,116706,116707],{"class":58},"]),",[44,116709,14170],{"class":99},[44,116711,103],{"class":58},[44,116713,13684],{"class":89},[44,116715,3270],{"class":58},[44,116717,1490],{"class":62},[44,116719,2370],{"class":58},[44,116721,116722,116724,116726,116728,116730,116732],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,116723,100],{"class":99},[44,116725,103],{"class":58},[44,116727,985],{"class":121},[44,116729,103],{"class":58},[44,116731,11491],{"class":89},[44,116733,993],{"class":58},[20,116735,116736],{},"What they tell you:",[145,116738,116739,116744,116749,116754,116764],{},[148,116740,116741,116743],{},[15,116742,11552],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[148,116745,116746,116748],{},[15,116747,4058],{}," checks whether values are equal",[148,116750,116751,116753],{},[15,116752,42846],{}," shows the identity of an object",[148,116755,116756,116757,342,116760,116763],{},"comparing ",[15,116758,116759],{},"id(original[0])",[15,116761,116762],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[148,116765,116766,116768],{},[15,116767,1672],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[131,116770,1196],{"id":1195},[347,116772,116774],{"id":116773},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,116776,116777],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[347,116779,56629],{"id":56544},[20,116781,116782],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[347,116784,116786],{"id":116785},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,116788,116789],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[347,116791,116793],{"id":116792},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,116795,116796],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[347,116798,116800],{"id":116799},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,116802,116803],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[131,116805,1251],{"id":1250},[145,116807,116808,116813,116819,116825,116829],{},[148,116809,116810],{},[167,116811,116812],{"href":11423},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[148,116814,116815],{},[167,116816,2945,116817,1272],{"href":54320},[15,116818,54960],{},[148,116820,116821],{},[167,116822,2945,116823,1272],{"href":11790},[15,116824,11793],{},[148,116826,116827],{},[167,116828,14318],{"href":56579},[148,116830,116831],{},[167,116832,116833],{"href":57854},"What is a list in Python?",[1294,116835,116836],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":116838},[116839,116840,116841,116842,116843,116844,116849,116850,116851,116852,116853,116854,116861],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":115294,"depth":80,"text":115295},{"id":115315,"depth":80,"text":115316},{"id":115558,"depth":80,"text":115559},{"id":115698,"depth":80,"text":115699},{"id":115814,"depth":80,"text":115815,"children":116845},[116846,116847,116848],{"id":115821,"depth":96,"text":115822},{"id":115890,"depth":96,"text":115891},{"id":115989,"depth":96,"text":115990},{"id":116103,"depth":80,"text":116104},{"id":116235,"depth":80,"text":116236},{"id":116349,"depth":80,"text":116350},{"id":116515,"depth":80,"text":116516},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":116855},[116856,116857,116858,116859,116860],{"id":116773,"depth":96,"text":116774},{"id":56544,"depth":96,"text":56629},{"id":116785,"depth":96,"text":116786},{"id":116792,"depth":96,"text":116793},{"id":116799,"depth":96,"text":116800},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115095,"description":116862},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":116868,"title":116869,"body":116870,"description":118727,"extension":1331,"meta":118728,"navigation":268,"path":118729,"seo":118730,"stem":118731,"__hash__":118732},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":116871,"toc":118685},[116872,116877,116882,116890,116892,116960,116965,116970,116985,116988,116990,117021,117023,117043,117046,117061,117063,117066,117139,117141,117186,117188,117199,117204,117208,117213,117216,117255,117257,117277,117280,117337,117339,117374,117377,117416,117418,117438,117441,117472,117474,117530,117532,117537,117608,117610,117643,117648,117653,117718,117720,117757,117760,117837,117839,117899,117906,117911,117914,117917,117998,118000,118041,118046,118049,118127,118129,118162,118171,118178,118181,118192,118195,118206,118210,118218,118227,118231,118236,118240,118245,118288,118291,118297,118300,118302,118349,118354,118358,118361,118410,118412,118433,118436,118438,118463,118466,118587,118592,118594,118599,118602,118607,118610,118618,118623,118630,118633,118641,118644,118646,118682],[10,116873,2945,116875,2949],{"id":116874},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,116876,73785],{},[20,116878,116879,116881],{},[15,116880,73785],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,116883,116884,116885,1559,116887,116889],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,116886,77228],{},[15,116888,73785],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[131,116891,2979],{"id":2978},[35,116893,116895],{"className":37,"code":116894,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,116896,116897,116917,116931,116935,116947],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116898,116899,116901,116903,116905,116907,116909,116911,116913,116915],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116900,51],{"class":50},[44,116902,55],{"class":54},[44,116904,2993],{"class":58},[44,116906,1432],{"class":62},[44,116908,66],{"class":58},[44,116910,4867],{"class":62},[44,116912,66],{"class":58},[44,116914,69],{"class":62},[44,116916,3006],{"class":58},[44,116918,116919,116921,116923,116925,116927,116929],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,116920,644],{"class":50},[44,116922,55],{"class":54},[44,116924,73919],{"class":99},[44,116926,103],{"class":58},[44,116928,83],{"class":89},[44,116930,108],{"class":58},[44,116932,116933],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,116934,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,116936,116937,116939,116941,116943,116945],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,116938,100],{"class":99},[44,116940,103],{"class":58},[44,116942,668],{"class":89},[44,116944,3032],{"class":58},[44,116946,55047],{"class":3035},[44,116948,116949,116951,116953,116955,116957],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,116950,100],{"class":99},[44,116952,103],{"class":58},[44,116954,83],{"class":89},[44,116956,3032],{"class":58},[44,116958,116959],{"class":3035},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,116961,116962,116964],{},[15,116963,73785],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[131,116966,134,116968,137],{"id":116967},"what-sorted-does",[15,116969,73785],{},[145,116971,116972,116976,116979,116982],{},[148,116973,116974,62287],{},[15,116975,73785],{},[148,116977,116978],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[148,116980,116981],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[148,116983,116984],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,116986,116987],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[131,116989,175],{"id":174},[35,116991,116993],{"className":37,"code":116992,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,116994,116995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116996,116997,116999,117001,117003,117005,117007,117009,117011,117013,117015,117017,117019],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116998,73875],{"class":99},[44,117000,103],{"class":58},[44,117002,3091],{"class":89},[44,117004,66],{"class":58},[44,117006,20927],{"class":8546},[44,117008,55],{"class":54},[44,117010,159],{"class":692},[44,117012,66],{"class":58},[44,117014,77431],{"class":8546},[44,117016,55],{"class":54},[44,117018,3046],{"class":692},[44,117020,108],{"class":58},[347,117022,16745],{"id":16744},[145,117024,117025,117030,117035],{},[148,117026,117027,117029],{},[15,117028,3091],{},": the values to sort",[148,117031,117032,117034],{},[15,117033,14195],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[148,117036,117037,117039,117040,117042],{},[15,117038,72938],{},": set to ",[15,117041,2974],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117044,117045],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[35,117047,117049],{"className":37,"code":117048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117050,117051],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117052,117053,117055,117057,117059],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117054,73875],{"class":99},[44,117056,103],{"class":58},[44,117058,59668],{"class":89},[44,117060,108],{"class":58},[131,117062,215],{"id":214},[20,117064,117065],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[35,117067,117069],{"className":37,"code":117068,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117070,117071,117095,117099,117114,117118,117129],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117072,117073,117075,117077,117079,117081,117083,117085,117087,117089,117091,117093],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117074,51],{"class":50},[44,117076,55],{"class":54},[44,117078,2993],{"class":58},[44,117080,1507],{"class":62},[44,117082,66],{"class":58},[44,117084,69],{"class":62},[44,117086,66],{"class":58},[44,117088,5730],{"class":62},[44,117090,66],{"class":58},[44,117092,4867],{"class":62},[44,117094,3006],{"class":58},[44,117096,117097],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,117098,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,117100,117101,117104,117106,117108,117110,117112],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,117102,117103],{"class":50},"sorted_numbers ",[44,117105,55],{"class":54},[44,117107,73919],{"class":99},[44,117109,103],{"class":58},[44,117111,83],{"class":89},[44,117113,108],{"class":58},[44,117115,117116],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,117117,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,117119,117120,117122,117124,117127],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,117121,100],{"class":99},[44,117123,103],{"class":58},[44,117125,117126],{"class":89},"sorted_numbers",[44,117128,108],{"class":58},[44,117130,117131,117133,117135,117137],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,117132,100],{"class":99},[44,117134,103],{"class":58},[44,117136,83],{"class":89},[44,117138,108],{"class":58},[20,117140,111],{},[35,117142,117144],{"className":37,"code":117143,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117145,117146,117166],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117147,117148,117150,117152,117154,117156,117158,117160,117162,117164],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117149,3270],{"class":58},[44,117151,63],{"class":62},[44,117153,66],{"class":58},[44,117155,69],{"class":62},[44,117157,66],{"class":58},[44,117159,3975],{"class":62},[44,117161,66],{"class":58},[44,117163,5730],{"class":62},[44,117165,3006],{"class":58},[44,117167,117168,117170,117172,117174,117176,117178,117180,117182,117184],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,117169,3270],{"class":58},[44,117171,1507],{"class":62},[44,117173,66],{"class":58},[44,117175,69],{"class":62},[44,117177,66],{"class":58},[44,117179,5730],{"class":62},[44,117181,66],{"class":58},[44,117183,4867],{"class":62},[44,117185,3006],{"class":58},[20,117187,13117],{},[145,117189,117190,117195],{},[148,117191,117192,117194],{},[15,117193,117126],{}," is a new sorted list",[148,117196,117197,111731],{},[15,117198,83],{},[20,117200,117201,117202,86],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[167,117203,77738],{"href":77737},[131,117205,117207],{"id":117206},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117209,117210,117212],{},[15,117211,73785],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[347,117214,117215],{"id":7467},"List",[35,117217,117219],{"className":37,"code":117218,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117220,117221,117241],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117222,117223,117225,117227,117229,117231,117233,117235,117237,117239],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117224,51],{"class":50},[44,117226,55],{"class":54},[44,117228,2993],{"class":58},[44,117230,1432],{"class":62},[44,117232,66],{"class":58},[44,117234,4867],{"class":62},[44,117236,66],{"class":58},[44,117238,69],{"class":62},[44,117240,3006],{"class":58},[44,117242,117243,117245,117247,117249,117251,117253],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,117244,100],{"class":99},[44,117246,103],{"class":58},[44,117248,73875],{"class":99},[44,117250,103],{"class":58},[44,117252,83],{"class":89},[44,117254,993],{"class":58},[20,117256,111],{},[35,117258,117259],{"className":37,"code":54510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,117260,117261],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117262,117263,117265,117267,117269,117271,117273,117275],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117264,3270],{"class":58},[44,117266,63],{"class":62},[44,117268,66],{"class":58},[44,117270,69],{"class":62},[44,117272,66],{"class":58},[44,117274,74],{"class":62},[44,117276,3006],{"class":58},[347,117278,117279],{"id":48313},"Tuple",[35,117281,117283],{"className":37,"code":117282,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117284,117285,117305,117319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117286,117287,117289,117291,117293,117295,117297,117299,117301,117303],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117288,3191],{"class":50},[44,117290,55],{"class":54},[44,117292,8607],{"class":58},[44,117294,1432],{"class":62},[44,117296,66],{"class":58},[44,117298,4867],{"class":62},[44,117300,66],{"class":58},[44,117302,69],{"class":62},[44,117304,108],{"class":58},[44,117306,117307,117309,117311,117313,117315,117317],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,117308,100],{"class":99},[44,117310,103],{"class":58},[44,117312,73875],{"class":99},[44,117314,103],{"class":58},[44,117316,4727],{"class":89},[44,117318,993],{"class":58},[44,117320,117321,117323,117325,117327,117329,117331,117333,117335],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,117322,100],{"class":99},[44,117324,103],{"class":58},[44,117326,985],{"class":121},[44,117328,103],{"class":58},[44,117330,73875],{"class":99},[44,117332,103],{"class":58},[44,117334,4727],{"class":89},[44,117336,2283],{"class":58},[20,117338,111],{},[35,117340,117342],{"className":37,"code":117341,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117343,117344,117360],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117345,117346,117348,117350,117352,117354,117356,117358],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117347,3270],{"class":58},[44,117349,63],{"class":62},[44,117351,66],{"class":58},[44,117353,69],{"class":62},[44,117355,66],{"class":58},[44,117357,74],{"class":62},[44,117359,3006],{"class":58},[44,117361,117362,117364,117366,117368,117370,117372],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,117363,1005],{"class":54},[44,117365,1009],{"class":1008},[44,117367,1012],{"class":235},[44,117369,7467],{"class":239},[44,117371,1018],{"class":235},[44,117373,1021],{"class":54},[347,117375,117376],{"id":122},"Set",[35,117378,117380],{"className":37,"code":117379,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,117381,117382,117402],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117383,117384,117386,117388,117390,117392,117394,117396,117398,117400],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117385,3191],{"class":50},[44,117387,55],{"class":54},[44,117389,59],{"class":58},[44,117391,1432],{"class":62},[44,117393,66],{"class":58},[44,117395,4867],{"class":62},[44,117397,66],{"class":58},[44,117399,69],{"class":62},[44,117401,77],{"class":58},[44,117403,117404,117406,117408,117410,117412,117414],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,117405,100],{"class":99},[44,117407,103],{"class":58},[44,117409,73875],{"class":99},[44,117411,103],{"class":58},[44,117413,4727],{"class":89},[44,117415,993],{"class":58},[20,117417,111],{},[35,117419,117420],{"className":37,"code":54510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,117421,117422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117423,117424,117426,117428,117430,117432,117434,117436],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117425,3270],{"class":58},[44,117427,63],{"class":62},[44,117429,66],{"class":58},[44,117431,69],{"class":62},[44,117433,66],{"class":58},[44,117435,74],{"class":62},[44,117437,3006],{"class":58},[347,117439,117440],{"id":60535},"String",[35,117442,117444],{"className":37,"code":117443,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,117445,117446,117458],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117447,117448,117450,117452,117454,117456],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117449,34039],{"class":50},[44,117451,55],{"class":54},[44,117453,247],{"class":235},[44,117455,39],{"class":239},[44,117457,2727],{"class":235},[44,117459,117460,117462,117464,117466,117468,117470],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,117461,100],{"class":99},[44,117463,103],{"class":58},[44,117465,73875],{"class":99},[44,117467,103],{"class":58},[44,117469,34060],{"class":89},[44,117471,993],{"class":58},[20,117473,111],{},[35,117475,117476],{"className":37,"code":78755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,117477,117478],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117479,117480,117482,117484,117486,117488,117490,117492,117494,117496,117498,117500,117502,117504,117506,117508,117510,117512,117514,117516,117518,117520,117522,117524,117526,117528],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117481,3270],{"class":58},[44,117483,1018],{"class":235},[44,117485,59799],{"class":239},[44,117487,1018],{"class":235},[44,117489,66],{"class":58},[44,117491,1012],{"class":235},[44,117493,75391],{"class":239},[44,117495,1018],{"class":235},[44,117497,66],{"class":58},[44,117499,1012],{"class":235},[44,117501,59834],{"class":239},[44,117503,1018],{"class":235},[44,117505,66],{"class":58},[44,117507,1012],{"class":235},[44,117509,20],{"class":239},[44,117511,1018],{"class":235},[44,117513,66],{"class":58},[44,117515,1012],{"class":235},[44,117517,62648],{"class":239},[44,117519,1018],{"class":235},[44,117521,66],{"class":58},[44,117523,1012],{"class":235},[44,117525,1113],{"class":239},[44,117527,1018],{"class":235},[44,117529,3006],{"class":58},[347,117531,28571],{"id":14958},[20,117533,62901,117534,117536],{},[15,117535,73785],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[35,117538,117540],{"className":37,"code":117539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,117541,117542,117594],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117543,117544,117546,117548,117550,117552,117554,117556,117558,117560,117562,117564,117566,117568,117570,117572,117574,117576,117578,117580,117582,117584,117586,117588,117590,117592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117545,12558],{"class":50},[44,117547,55],{"class":54},[44,117549,59],{"class":58},[44,117551,236],{"class":235},[44,117553,7041],{"class":239},[44,117555,236],{"class":235},[44,117557,2255],{"class":58},[44,117559,247],{"class":235},[44,117561,12237],{"class":239},[44,117563,236],{"class":235},[44,117565,66],{"class":58},[44,117567,247],{"class":235},[44,117569,8669],{"class":239},[44,117571,236],{"class":235},[44,117573,2255],{"class":58},[44,117575,7163],{"class":62},[44,117577,66],{"class":58},[44,117579,247],{"class":235},[44,117581,9777],{"class":239},[44,117583,236],{"class":235},[44,117585,2255],{"class":58},[44,117587,247],{"class":235},[44,117589,15382],{"class":239},[44,117591,236],{"class":235},[44,117593,77],{"class":58},[44,117595,117596,117598,117600,117602,117604,117606],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,117597,100],{"class":99},[44,117599,103],{"class":58},[44,117601,73875],{"class":99},[44,117603,103],{"class":58},[44,117605,16657],{"class":89},[44,117607,993],{"class":58},[20,117609,111],{},[35,117611,117613],{"className":37,"code":117612,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,117614,117615],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117616,117617,117619,117621,117623,117625,117627,117629,117631,117633,117635,117637,117639,117641],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117618,3270],{"class":58},[44,117620,1018],{"class":235},[44,117622,8669],{"class":239},[44,117624,1018],{"class":235},[44,117626,66],{"class":58},[44,117628,1012],{"class":235},[44,117630,9777],{"class":239},[44,117632,1018],{"class":235},[44,117634,66],{"class":58},[44,117636,1012],{"class":235},[44,117638,7041],{"class":239},[44,117640,1018],{"class":235},[44,117642,3006],{"class":58},[131,117644,350,117646],{"id":117645},"using-reversetrue",[15,117647,77452],{},[20,117649,1462,117650,117652],{},[15,117651,77452],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[35,117654,117656],{"className":37,"code":117655,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,117657,117658,117678,117682,117696],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117659,117660,117662,117664,117666,117668,117670,117672,117674,117676],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117661,51],{"class":50},[44,117663,55],{"class":54},[44,117665,2993],{"class":58},[44,117667,1432],{"class":62},[44,117669,66],{"class":58},[44,117671,4867],{"class":62},[44,117673,66],{"class":58},[44,117675,69],{"class":62},[44,117677,3006],{"class":58},[44,117679,117680],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,117681,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,117683,117684,117686,117688,117690,117692,117694],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,117685,100],{"class":99},[44,117687,103],{"class":58},[44,117689,73875],{"class":99},[44,117691,103],{"class":58},[44,117693,83],{"class":89},[44,117695,993],{"class":58},[44,117697,117698,117700,117702,117704,117706,117708,117710,117712,117714,117716],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,117699,100],{"class":99},[44,117701,103],{"class":58},[44,117703,73875],{"class":99},[44,117705,103],{"class":58},[44,117707,83],{"class":89},[44,117709,66],{"class":58},[44,117711,77431],{"class":8546},[44,117713,55],{"class":54},[44,117715,2974],{"class":692},[44,117717,993],{"class":58},[20,117719,111],{},[35,117721,117723],{"className":37,"code":117722,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,117724,117725,117741],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117726,117727,117729,117731,117733,117735,117737,117739],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117728,3270],{"class":58},[44,117730,63],{"class":62},[44,117732,66],{"class":58},[44,117734,69],{"class":62},[44,117736,66],{"class":58},[44,117738,74],{"class":62},[44,117740,3006],{"class":58},[44,117742,117743,117745,117747,117749,117751,117753,117755],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,117744,3270],{"class":58},[44,117746,1432],{"class":62},[44,117748,66],{"class":58},[44,117750,69],{"class":62},[44,117752,66],{"class":58},[44,117754,4867],{"class":62},[44,117756,3006],{"class":58},[20,117758,117759],{},"This also works with strings:",[35,117761,117763],{"className":37,"code":117762,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,117764,117765,117797,117801,117815],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117766,117767,117769,117771,117773,117775,117777,117779,117781,117783,117785,117787,117789,117791,117793,117795],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117768,3441],{"class":50},[44,117770,55],{"class":54},[44,117772,2993],{"class":58},[44,117774,236],{"class":235},[44,117776,3450],{"class":239},[44,117778,236],{"class":235},[44,117780,66],{"class":58},[44,117782,247],{"class":235},[44,117784,3459],{"class":239},[44,117786,236],{"class":235},[44,117788,66],{"class":58},[44,117790,247],{"class":235},[44,117792,3468],{"class":239},[44,117794,236],{"class":235},[44,117796,3006],{"class":58},[44,117798,117799],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,117800,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,117802,117803,117805,117807,117809,117811,117813],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,117804,100],{"class":99},[44,117806,103],{"class":58},[44,117808,73875],{"class":99},[44,117810,103],{"class":58},[44,117812,3485],{"class":89},[44,117814,993],{"class":58},[44,117816,117817,117819,117821,117823,117825,117827,117829,117831,117833,117835],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,117818,100],{"class":99},[44,117820,103],{"class":58},[44,117822,73875],{"class":99},[44,117824,103],{"class":58},[44,117826,3485],{"class":89},[44,117828,66],{"class":58},[44,117830,77431],{"class":8546},[44,117832,55],{"class":54},[44,117834,2974],{"class":692},[44,117836,993],{"class":58},[20,117838,111],{},[35,117840,117841],{"className":37,"code":73519,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,117842,117843,117871],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117844,117845,117847,117849,117851,117853,117855,117857,117859,117861,117863,117865,117867,117869],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117846,3270],{"class":58},[44,117848,1018],{"class":235},[44,117850,3450],{"class":239},[44,117852,1018],{"class":235},[44,117854,66],{"class":58},[44,117856,1012],{"class":235},[44,117858,3459],{"class":239},[44,117860,1018],{"class":235},[44,117862,66],{"class":58},[44,117864,1012],{"class":235},[44,117866,3468],{"class":239},[44,117868,1018],{"class":235},[44,117870,3006],{"class":58},[44,117872,117873,117875,117877,117879,117881,117883,117885,117887,117889,117891,117893,117895,117897],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,117874,3270],{"class":58},[44,117876,1018],{"class":235},[44,117878,3468],{"class":239},[44,117880,1018],{"class":235},[44,117882,66],{"class":58},[44,117884,1012],{"class":235},[44,117886,3459],{"class":239},[44,117888,1018],{"class":235},[44,117890,66],{"class":58},[44,117892,1012],{"class":235},[44,117894,3450],{"class":239},[44,117896,1018],{"class":235},[44,117898,3006],{"class":58},[131,117900,350,117902,117905],{"id":117901},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,117903,117904],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,117907,140,117908,117910],{},[15,117909,117904],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,117912,117913],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,117915,117916],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[35,117918,117920],{"className":37,"code":117919,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,117921,117922,117962,117966,117988],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117923,117924,117926,117928,117930,117932,117934,117936,117938,117940,117942,117944,117946,117948,117950,117952,117954,117956,117958,117960],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117925,3441],{"class":50},[44,117927,55],{"class":54},[44,117929,2993],{"class":58},[44,117931,236],{"class":235},[44,117933,78105],{"class":239},[44,117935,236],{"class":235},[44,117937,66],{"class":58},[44,117939,247],{"class":235},[44,117941,37713],{"class":239},[44,117943,236],{"class":235},[44,117945,66],{"class":58},[44,117947,247],{"class":235},[44,117949,3459],{"class":239},[44,117951,236],{"class":235},[44,117953,66],{"class":58},[44,117955,247],{"class":235},[44,117957,37696],{"class":239},[44,117959,236],{"class":235},[44,117961,3006],{"class":58},[44,117963,117964],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,117965,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,117967,117968,117970,117972,117974,117976,117978,117980,117982,117984,117986],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,117969,644],{"class":50},[44,117971,55],{"class":54},[44,117973,73919],{"class":99},[44,117975,103],{"class":58},[44,117977,3485],{"class":89},[44,117979,66],{"class":58},[44,117981,20927],{"class":8546},[44,117983,55],{"class":54},[44,117985,10529],{"class":99},[44,117987,108],{"class":58},[44,117989,117990,117992,117994,117996],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,117991,100],{"class":99},[44,117993,103],{"class":58},[44,117995,668],{"class":89},[44,117997,108],{"class":58},[20,117999,111],{},[35,118001,118003],{"className":37,"code":118002,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118004,118005],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118006,118007,118009,118011,118013,118015,118017,118019,118021,118023,118025,118027,118029,118031,118033,118035,118037,118039],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118008,3270],{"class":58},[44,118010,1018],{"class":235},[44,118012,37713],{"class":239},[44,118014,1018],{"class":235},[44,118016,66],{"class":58},[44,118018,1012],{"class":235},[44,118020,78105],{"class":239},[44,118022,1018],{"class":235},[44,118024,66],{"class":58},[44,118026,1012],{"class":235},[44,118028,37696],{"class":239},[44,118030,1018],{"class":235},[44,118032,66],{"class":58},[44,118034,1012],{"class":235},[44,118036,3459],{"class":239},[44,118038,1018],{"class":235},[44,118040,3006],{"class":58},[20,118042,565,118043,118045],{},[15,118044,10529],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118047,118048],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[35,118050,118052],{"className":37,"code":118051,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118053,118054,118087,118091,118117],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118055,118056,118058,118060,118062,118064,118066,118068,118070,118072,118074,118076,118078,118080,118083,118085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118057,3441],{"class":50},[44,118059,55],{"class":54},[44,118061,2993],{"class":58},[44,118063,236],{"class":235},[44,118065,82724],{"class":239},[44,118067,236],{"class":235},[44,118069,66],{"class":58},[44,118071,247],{"class":235},[44,118073,3450],{"class":239},[44,118075,236],{"class":235},[44,118077,66],{"class":58},[44,118079,247],{"class":235},[44,118081,118082],{"class":239},"Cherry",[44,118084,236],{"class":235},[44,118086,3006],{"class":58},[44,118088,118089],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,118090,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,118092,118093,118095,118097,118099,118101,118103,118105,118107,118109,118111,118113,118115],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,118094,644],{"class":50},[44,118096,55],{"class":54},[44,118098,73919],{"class":99},[44,118100,103],{"class":58},[44,118102,3485],{"class":89},[44,118104,66],{"class":58},[44,118106,20927],{"class":8546},[44,118108,55],{"class":54},[44,118110,2812],{"class":121},[44,118112,86],{"class":58},[44,118114,8014],{"class":24098},[44,118116,108],{"class":58},[44,118118,118119,118121,118123,118125],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,118120,100],{"class":99},[44,118122,103],{"class":58},[44,118124,668],{"class":89},[44,118126,108],{"class":58},[20,118128,111],{},[35,118130,118132],{"className":37,"code":118131,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118133,118134],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118135,118136,118138,118140,118142,118144,118146,118148,118150,118152,118154,118156,118158,118160],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118137,3270],{"class":58},[44,118139,1018],{"class":235},[44,118141,3450],{"class":239},[44,118143,1018],{"class":235},[44,118145,66],{"class":58},[44,118147,1012],{"class":235},[44,118149,82724],{"class":239},[44,118151,1018],{"class":235},[44,118153,66],{"class":58},[44,118155,1012],{"class":235},[44,118157,118082],{"class":239},[44,118159,1018],{"class":235},[44,118161,3006],{"class":58},[20,118163,118164,118165,34682,118167,86],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118166,41718],{},[167,118168,2945,118169,2878],{"href":41715},[15,118170,41718],{},[131,118172,118174,9953,118176],{"id":118173},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118175,73785],{},[15,118177,77228],{},[20,118179,118180],{},"The main difference is this:",[145,118182,118183,118188],{},[148,118184,118185,118187],{},[15,118186,73785],{}," returns a new list",[148,118189,118190,73323],{},[15,118191,77228],{},[20,118193,118194],{},"Also:",[145,118196,118197,118202],{},[148,118198,118199,118201],{},[15,118200,73785],{}," works with many iterables",[148,118203,118204,78661],{},[15,118205,77228],{},[20,118207,1462,118208,9969],{},[15,118209,73785],{},[145,118211,118212,118215],{},[148,118213,118214],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[148,118216,118217],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118219,118220,118221,86],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[167,118222,2945,118223,9953,118225,5153],{"href":78486},[15,118224,73785],{},[15,118226,77228],{},[131,118228,118230],{"id":118229},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118232,118233,118234,86],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118235,73785],{},[347,118237,118239],{"id":118238},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118241,118242,118243,2255],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118244,2376],{},[35,118246,118248],{"className":37,"code":118247,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118249,118250,118274],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118251,118252,118254,118256,118258,118260,118262,118264,118266,118268,118270,118272],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118253,3191],{"class":50},[44,118255,55],{"class":54},[44,118257,2993],{"class":58},[44,118259,63],{"class":62},[44,118261,66],{"class":58},[44,118263,247],{"class":235},[44,118265,1426],{"class":239},[44,118267,236],{"class":235},[44,118269,66],{"class":58},[44,118271,74],{"class":62},[44,118273,3006],{"class":58},[44,118275,118276,118278,118280,118282,118284,118286],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,118277,100],{"class":99},[44,118279,103],{"class":58},[44,118281,73875],{"class":99},[44,118283,103],{"class":58},[44,118285,4727],{"class":89},[44,118287,993],{"class":58},[20,118289,118290],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[347,118292,118294,118295,1673],{"id":118293},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118296,14195],{},[20,118298,118299],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118301,1578],{},[35,118303,118305],{"className":37,"code":118304,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118306,118307,118327],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118308,118309,118311,118313,118315,118317,118319,118321,118323,118325],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118310,51],{"class":50},[44,118312,55],{"class":54},[44,118314,2993],{"class":58},[44,118316,1701],{"class":62},[44,118318,66],{"class":58},[44,118320,69],{"class":62},[44,118322,66],{"class":58},[44,118324,7168],{"class":62},[44,118326,3006],{"class":58},[44,118328,118329,118331,118333,118335,118337,118339,118341,118343,118345,118347],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,118330,100],{"class":99},[44,118332,103],{"class":58},[44,118334,73875],{"class":99},[44,118336,103],{"class":58},[44,118338,83],{"class":89},[44,118340,66],{"class":58},[44,118342,20927],{"class":8546},[44,118344,55],{"class":54},[44,118346,10529],{"class":99},[44,118348,993],{"class":58},[20,118350,47870,118351,118353],{},[15,118352,41718],{}," does not work on integers.",[347,118355,118357],{"id":118356},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,118359,118360],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[35,118362,118364],{"className":37,"code":118363,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118365,118366,118386,118396,118400],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118367,118368,118370,118372,118374,118376,118378,118380,118382,118384],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118369,51],{"class":50},[44,118371,55],{"class":54},[44,118373,2993],{"class":58},[44,118375,1432],{"class":62},[44,118377,66],{"class":58},[44,118379,4867],{"class":62},[44,118381,66],{"class":58},[44,118383,69],{"class":62},[44,118385,3006],{"class":58},[44,118387,118388,118390,118392,118394],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,118389,73875],{"class":99},[44,118391,103],{"class":58},[44,118393,83],{"class":89},[44,118395,108],{"class":58},[44,118397,118398],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,118399,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,118401,118402,118404,118406,118408],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,118403,100],{"class":99},[44,118405,103],{"class":58},[44,118407,83],{"class":89},[44,118409,108],{"class":58},[20,118411,111],{},[35,118413,118415],{"className":37,"code":118414,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118416,118417],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118418,118419,118421,118423,118425,118427,118429,118431],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118420,3270],{"class":58},[44,118422,1432],{"class":62},[44,118424,66],{"class":58},[44,118426,4867],{"class":62},[44,118428,66],{"class":58},[44,118430,69],{"class":62},[44,118432,3006],{"class":58},[20,118434,118435],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[131,118437,2200],{"id":2199},[145,118439,118440,118444,118447,118452,118456],{},[148,118441,3949,118442,73323],{},[15,118443,73785],{},[148,118445,118446],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[148,118448,4074,118449,118451],{},[15,118450,73785],{}," always returns a list",[148,118453,350,118454,22451],{},[15,118455,117904],{},[148,118457,28998,118458,118460,118461],{},[15,118459,63673],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,118462,73785],{},[20,118464,118465],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[35,118467,118469],{"className":37,"code":118468,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,118470,118471,118493,118519,118557],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118472,118473,118475,118477,118479,118481,118483,118485,118487,118489,118491],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118474,100],{"class":99},[44,118476,103],{"class":58},[44,118478,73875],{"class":99},[44,118480,2357],{"class":58},[44,118482,1432],{"class":62},[44,118484,66],{"class":58},[44,118486,4867],{"class":62},[44,118488,66],{"class":58},[44,118490,69],{"class":62},[44,118492,2370],{"class":58},[44,118494,118495,118497,118499,118501,118503,118505,118507,118509,118511,118513,118515,118517],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,118496,100],{"class":99},[44,118498,103],{"class":58},[44,118500,985],{"class":121},[44,118502,103],{"class":58},[44,118504,73875],{"class":99},[44,118506,4880],{"class":58},[44,118508,1432],{"class":62},[44,118510,66],{"class":58},[44,118512,4867],{"class":62},[44,118514,66],{"class":58},[44,118516,69],{"class":62},[44,118518,92727],{"class":58},[44,118520,118521,118523,118525,118527,118529,118531,118533,118535,118537,118539,118541,118543,118545,118547,118549,118551,118553,118555],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,118522,100],{"class":99},[44,118524,103],{"class":58},[44,118526,73875],{"class":99},[44,118528,2357],{"class":58},[44,118530,1018],{"class":235},[44,118532,82724],{"class":239},[44,118534,1018],{"class":235},[44,118536,66],{"class":58},[44,118538,1012],{"class":235},[44,118540,3450],{"class":239},[44,118542,1018],{"class":235},[44,118544,17409],{"class":58},[44,118546,20927],{"class":8546},[44,118548,55],{"class":54},[44,118550,2812],{"class":121},[44,118552,86],{"class":58},[44,118554,8014],{"class":24098},[44,118556,993],{"class":58},[44,118558,118559,118561,118563,118565,118567,118569,118571,118573,118575,118577,118579,118581,118583,118585],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,118560,100],{"class":99},[44,118562,103],{"class":58},[44,118564,73875],{"class":99},[44,118566,2357],{"class":58},[44,118568,1432],{"class":62},[44,118570,66],{"class":58},[44,118572,4867],{"class":62},[44,118574,66],{"class":58},[44,118576,69],{"class":62},[44,118578,17409],{"class":58},[44,118580,77431],{"class":8546},[44,118582,55],{"class":54},[44,118584,2974],{"class":692},[44,118586,993],{"class":58},[20,118588,118589,118590,86],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[167,118591,52133],{"href":50340},[131,118593,1196],{"id":1195},[347,118595,1212,118597,56523],{"id":118596},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,118598,73785],{},[20,118600,118601],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[347,118603,1200,118605,12073],{"id":118604},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,118606,73785],{},[20,118608,118609],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[347,118611,118613,118614,10459,118616,1239],{"id":118612},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,118615,73785],{},[15,118617,77228],{},[20,118619,1462,118620,118622],{},[15,118621,73785],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[347,118624,1200,118626,85812,118628,1239],{"id":118625},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,118627,117904],{},[15,118629,73785],{},[20,118631,118632],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[347,118634,4526,118636,118638,118639,1239],{"id":118635},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,118637,73785],{}," give a ",[15,118640,2376],{},[20,118642,118643],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[131,118645,1251],{"id":1250},[145,118647,118648,118652,118660,118664,118670,118676],{},[148,118649,118650],{},[167,118651,79234],{"href":77737},[148,118653,118654],{},[167,118655,2945,118656,9953,118658,5153],{"href":78486},[15,118657,73785],{},[15,118659,77228],{},[148,118661,118662],{},[167,118663,52133],{"href":50340},[148,118665,118666],{},[167,118667,2945,118668,2878],{"href":41715},[15,118669,41718],{},[148,118671,118672],{},[167,118673,2945,118674,2878],{"href":91384},[15,118675,35102],{},[148,118677,118678],{},[167,118679,2945,118680,2878],{"href":35548},[15,118681,35551],{},[1294,118683,118684],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":118686},[118687,118688,118690,118693,118694,118701,118703,118705,118707,118713,118714,118726],{"id":2978,"depth":80,"text":2979},{"id":116967,"depth":80,"text":118689},"What sorted() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175,"children":118691},[118692],{"id":16744,"depth":96,"text":16745},{"id":214,"depth":80,"text":215},{"id":117206,"depth":80,"text":117207,"children":118695},[118696,118697,118698,118699,118700],{"id":7467,"depth":96,"text":117215},{"id":48313,"depth":96,"text":117279},{"id":122,"depth":96,"text":117376},{"id":60535,"depth":96,"text":117440},{"id":14958,"depth":96,"text":28571},{"id":117645,"depth":80,"text":118702},"Using reverse=True",{"id":117901,"depth":80,"text":118704},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118173,"depth":80,"text":118706},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118229,"depth":80,"text":118230,"children":118708},[118709,118710,118712],{"id":118238,"depth":96,"text":118239},{"id":118293,"depth":96,"text":118711},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118356,"depth":96,"text":118357},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":118715},[118716,118718,118720,118722,118724],{"id":118596,"depth":96,"text":118717},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":118604,"depth":96,"text":118719},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":118612,"depth":96,"text":118721},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":118625,"depth":96,"text":118723},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":118635,"depth":96,"text":118725},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":116869,"description":118727},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":118734,"title":118735,"body":118736,"description":120847,"extension":1331,"meta":120848,"navigation":268,"path":78486,"seo":120849,"stem":120850,"__hash__":120851},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":118737,"toc":120794},[118738,118745,118748,118758,118764,118767,118785,118793,118795,118854,118862,118866,118888,118892,118896,118898,118915,118917,118929,118935,119019,119023,119070,119076,119083,119087,119092,119094,119106,119111,119164,119168,119188,119195,119202,119206,119209,119228,119232,119346,119350,119420,119422,119434,119439,119443,119456,119460,119535,119539,119578,119585,119591,119596,119600,119614,119618,119683,119687,119720,119723,119728,119736,119743,119756,119759,119763,119846,119850,119887,119891,119994,119998,120059,120064,120071,120075,120078,120084,120087,120154,120158,120182,120184,120202,120209,120262,120266,120286,120292,120294,120351,120358,120384,120389,120394,120402,120408,120468,120472,120519,120522,120524,120527,120553,120556,120649,120651,120671,120675,120678,120696,120702,120704,120712,120717,120724,120727,120733,120736,120742,120750,120758,120763,120765,120791],[10,118739,2945,118741,9953,118743,92442],{"id":118740},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,118742,73785],{},[15,118744,77228],{},[20,118746,118747],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[145,118749,118750,118754],{},[148,118751,118752],{},[15,118753,73785],{},[148,118755,118756],{},[15,118757,77228],{},[20,118759,118760,118761,118763],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[30,118762,604],{}," behave the same way.",[20,118765,118766],{},"The main difference is simple:",[145,118768,118769,118777],{},[148,118770,1462,118771,118773,118774],{},[15,118772,73785],{}," when you want a ",[30,118775,118776],{},"new sorted result",[148,118778,1462,118779,118781,118782],{},[15,118780,77228],{}," when you want to ",[30,118783,118784],{},"change the original list",[20,118786,118787,118788,772,118790,118792],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,118789,77228],{},[15,118791,159],{}," and causes confusion.",[131,118794,2979],{"id":2978},[35,118796,118798],{"className":37,"code":118797,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,118799,118800,118820,118824,118841],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118801,118802,118804,118806,118808,118810,118812,118814,118816,118818],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118803,51],{"class":50},[44,118805,55],{"class":54},[44,118807,2993],{"class":58},[44,118809,1432],{"class":62},[44,118811,66],{"class":58},[44,118813,4867],{"class":62},[44,118815,66],{"class":58},[44,118817,69],{"class":62},[44,118819,3006],{"class":58},[44,118821,118822],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,118823,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,118825,118826,118828,118830,118832,118834,118836,118838],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,118827,55249],{"class":50},[44,118829,55],{"class":54},[44,118831,73919],{"class":99},[44,118833,103],{"class":58},[44,118835,83],{"class":89},[44,118837,3032],{"class":58},[44,118839,118840],{"class":3035},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[44,118842,118843,118845,118847,118849,118851],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,118844,83],{"class":50},[44,118846,86],{"class":58},[44,118848,34151],{"class":89},[44,118850,6738],{"class":58},[44,118852,118853],{"class":3035},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,118855,1462,118856,118858,118859,118861],{},[15,118857,73785],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,118860,77228],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[131,118863,118865],{"id":118864},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[145,118867,118868,118873,118878,118885],{},[148,118869,1462,118870,118872],{},[15,118871,73785],{}," to get a new sorted list",[148,118874,1462,118875,118877],{},[15,118876,77228],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[148,118879,118880,118881,772,118883],{},"Understand why ",[15,118882,77228],{},[15,118884,159],{},[148,118886,118887],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[131,118889,134,118890,137],{"id":116967},[15,118891,73785],{},[20,118893,118894,62287],{},[15,118895,73785],{},[20,118897,48287],{},[145,118899,118900,118906,118912],{},[148,118901,118902,118903],{},"returns a ",[30,118904,118905],{},"new list",[148,118907,118908,118909,118911],{},"does ",[30,118910,604],{}," change the original data",[148,118913,118914],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,118916,50494],{},[145,118918,118919,118921,118923,118925,118927],{},[148,118920,4668],{},[148,118922,4671],{},[148,118924,4677],{},[148,118926,4674],{},[148,118928,35263],{},[347,118930,34430,118932,118934],{"id":118931},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,118933,73785],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[35,118936,118938],{"className":37,"code":118937,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,118939,118940,118960,118964,118978,118982,119000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118941,118942,118944,118946,118948,118950,118952,118954,118956,118958],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118943,51],{"class":50},[44,118945,55],{"class":54},[44,118947,2993],{"class":58},[44,118949,1432],{"class":62},[44,118951,66],{"class":58},[44,118953,4867],{"class":62},[44,118955,66],{"class":58},[44,118957,69],{"class":62},[44,118959,3006],{"class":58},[44,118961,118962],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,118963,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,118965,118966,118968,118970,118972,118974,118976],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,118967,644],{"class":50},[44,118969,55],{"class":54},[44,118971,73919],{"class":99},[44,118973,103],{"class":58},[44,118975,83],{"class":89},[44,118977,108],{"class":58},[44,118979,118980],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,118981,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,118983,118984,118986,118988,118990,118992,118994,118996,118998],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,118985,100],{"class":99},[44,118987,103],{"class":58},[44,118989,236],{"class":235},[44,118991,11512],{"class":239},[44,118993,236],{"class":235},[44,118995,66],{"class":58},[44,118997,649],{"class":89},[44,118999,108],{"class":58},[44,119001,119002,119004,119006,119008,119011,119013,119015,119017],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,119003,100],{"class":99},[44,119005,103],{"class":58},[44,119007,236],{"class":235},[44,119009,119010],{"class":239},"sorted result:",[44,119012,236],{"class":235},[44,119014,66],{"class":58},[44,119016,80578],{"class":89},[44,119018,108],{"class":58},[20,119020,119021],{},[30,119022,111],{},[35,119024,119026],{"className":37,"code":119025,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119027,119028,119048],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119029,119030,119032,119034,119036,119038,119040,119042,119044,119046],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119031,11491],{"class":50},[44,119033,2255],{"class":58},[44,119035,2993],{"class":58},[44,119037,1432],{"class":62},[44,119039,66],{"class":58},[44,119041,4867],{"class":62},[44,119043,66],{"class":58},[44,119045,69],{"class":62},[44,119047,3006],{"class":58},[44,119049,119050,119052,119054,119056,119058,119060,119062,119064,119066,119068],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,119051,73875],{"class":99},[44,119053,80578],{"class":50},[44,119055,2255],{"class":58},[44,119057,2993],{"class":58},[44,119059,63],{"class":62},[44,119061,66],{"class":58},[44,119063,69],{"class":62},[44,119065,66],{"class":58},[44,119067,74],{"class":62},[44,119069,3006],{"class":58},[20,119071,119072,119073,119075],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119074,83],{}," stays the same.",[20,119077,119078,119079,86],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[167,119080,2945,119081,2878],{"href":73882},[15,119082,73785],{},[131,119084,134,119085,137],{"id":77294},[15,119086,77228],{},[20,119088,119089,119091],{},[15,119090,63673],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119093,48287],{},[145,119095,119096,119099,119102],{},[148,119097,119098],{},"changes the original list directly",[148,119100,119101],{},"only works on lists",[148,119103,3063,119104],{},[15,119105,159],{},[347,119107,34430,119109,73323],{"id":119108},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119110,77228],{},[35,119112,119114],{"className":37,"code":119113,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119115,119116,119136,119140,119150,119154],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119117,119118,119120,119122,119124,119126,119128,119130,119132,119134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119119,51],{"class":50},[44,119121,55],{"class":54},[44,119123,2993],{"class":58},[44,119125,1432],{"class":62},[44,119127,66],{"class":58},[44,119129,4867],{"class":62},[44,119131,66],{"class":58},[44,119133,69],{"class":62},[44,119135,3006],{"class":58},[44,119137,119138],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,119139,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,119141,119142,119144,119146,119148],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,119143,83],{"class":50},[44,119145,86],{"class":58},[44,119147,34151],{"class":89},[44,119149,93],{"class":58},[44,119151,119152],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,119153,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,119155,119156,119158,119160,119162],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,119157,100],{"class":99},[44,119159,103],{"class":58},[44,119161,83],{"class":89},[44,119163,108],{"class":58},[20,119165,119166],{},[30,119167,111],{},[35,119169,119170],{"className":37,"code":54510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,119171,119172],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119173,119174,119176,119178,119180,119182,119184,119186],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119175,3270],{"class":58},[44,119177,63],{"class":62},[44,119179,66],{"class":58},[44,119181,69],{"class":62},[44,119183,66],{"class":58},[44,119185,74],{"class":62},[44,119187,3006],{"class":58},[20,119189,119190,119191,119194],{},"After calling ",[15,119192,119193],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119196,119197,119198,86],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[167,119199,2945,119200,1272],{"href":74136},[15,119201,77228],{},[131,119203,119205],{"id":119204},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119207,119208],{},"Here is the core difference:",[145,119210,119211,119220],{},[148,119212,119213,119216,119217],{},[15,119214,119215],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[30,119218,119219],{},"new sorted list",[148,119221,119222,119225,119226,73693],{},[15,119223,119224],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119227,7713],{},[347,119229,119231],{"id":119230},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[35,119233,119235],{"className":37,"code":119234,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119236,119237,119257,119261,119275,119294,119313,119317,119327],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119238,119239,119241,119243,119245,119247,119249,119251,119253,119255],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119240,51],{"class":50},[44,119242,55],{"class":54},[44,119244,2993],{"class":58},[44,119246,1507],{"class":62},[44,119248,66],{"class":58},[44,119250,69],{"class":62},[44,119252,66],{"class":58},[44,119254,1827],{"class":62},[44,119256,3006],{"class":58},[44,119258,119259],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,119260,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,119262,119263,119265,119267,119269,119271,119273],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,119264,1095],{"class":50},[44,119266,55],{"class":54},[44,119268,73919],{"class":99},[44,119270,103],{"class":58},[44,119272,83],{"class":89},[44,119274,108],{"class":58},[44,119276,119277,119279,119281,119283,119286,119288,119290,119292],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,119278,100],{"class":99},[44,119280,103],{"class":58},[44,119282,236],{"class":235},[44,119284,119285],{"class":239},"numbers after sorted():",[44,119287,236],{"class":235},[44,119289,66],{"class":58},[44,119291,649],{"class":89},[44,119293,108],{"class":58},[44,119295,119296,119298,119300,119302,119305,119307,119309,119311],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,119297,100],{"class":99},[44,119299,103],{"class":58},[44,119301,236],{"class":235},[44,119303,119304],{"class":239},"a:",[44,119306,236],{"class":235},[44,119308,66],{"class":58},[44,119310,56247],{"class":89},[44,119312,108],{"class":58},[44,119314,119315],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,119316,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,119318,119319,119321,119323,119325],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,119320,83],{"class":50},[44,119322,86],{"class":58},[44,119324,34151],{"class":89},[44,119326,93],{"class":58},[44,119328,119329,119331,119333,119335,119338,119340,119342,119344],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,119330,100],{"class":99},[44,119332,103],{"class":58},[44,119334,236],{"class":235},[44,119336,119337],{"class":239},"numbers after sort():",[44,119339,236],{"class":235},[44,119341,66],{"class":58},[44,119343,649],{"class":89},[44,119345,108],{"class":58},[20,119347,119348],{},[30,119349,111],{},[35,119351,119353],{"className":37,"code":119352,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119354,119355,119378,119398],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119356,119357,119360,119362,119364,119366,119368,119370,119372,119374,119376],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119358,119359],{"class":50},"numbers after ",[44,119361,73875],{"class":99},[44,119363,28932],{"class":58},[44,119365,2993],{"class":58},[44,119367,1507],{"class":62},[44,119369,66],{"class":58},[44,119371,69],{"class":62},[44,119373,66],{"class":58},[44,119375,1827],{"class":62},[44,119377,3006],{"class":58},[44,119379,119380,119382,119384,119386,119388,119390,119392,119394,119396],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,119381,167],{"class":50},[44,119383,2255],{"class":58},[44,119385,2993],{"class":58},[44,119387,1426],{"class":62},[44,119389,66],{"class":58},[44,119391,1827],{"class":62},[44,119393,66],{"class":58},[44,119395,3975],{"class":62},[44,119397,3006],{"class":58},[44,119399,119400,119402,119404,119406,119408,119410,119412,119414,119416,119418],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,119401,119359],{"class":50},[44,119403,34151],{"class":89},[44,119405,28932],{"class":58},[44,119407,2993],{"class":58},[44,119409,1426],{"class":62},[44,119411,66],{"class":58},[44,119413,1827],{"class":62},[44,119415,66],{"class":58},[44,119417,3975],{"class":62},[44,119419,3006],{"class":58},[20,119421,10081],{},[145,119423,119424,119429],{},[148,119425,119426,119428],{},[15,119427,73785],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[148,119430,119431,119433],{},[15,119432,63673],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[131,119435,4331,119437],{"id":119436},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,119438,73785],{},[20,119440,1462,119441,9969],{},[15,119442,73785],{},[145,119444,119445,119448,119450,119453],{},[148,119446,119447],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[148,119449,118217],{},[148,119451,119452],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[148,119454,119455],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[347,119457,119459],{"id":119458},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[35,119461,119463],{"className":37,"code":119462,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,119464,119465,119489,119493,119507,119511,119521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119466,119467,119469,119471,119473,119475,119477,119479,119481,119483,119485,119487],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119468,51],{"class":50},[44,119470,55],{"class":54},[44,119472,8607],{"class":58},[44,119474,1875],{"class":62},[44,119476,66],{"class":58},[44,119478,4867],{"class":62},[44,119480,66],{"class":58},[44,119482,74],{"class":62},[44,119484,66],{"class":58},[44,119486,69],{"class":62},[44,119488,108],{"class":58},[44,119490,119491],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,119492,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,119494,119495,119497,119499,119501,119503,119505],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,119496,644],{"class":50},[44,119498,55],{"class":54},[44,119500,73919],{"class":99},[44,119502,103],{"class":58},[44,119504,83],{"class":89},[44,119506,108],{"class":58},[44,119508,119509],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,119510,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,119512,119513,119515,119517,119519],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,119514,100],{"class":99},[44,119516,103],{"class":58},[44,119518,668],{"class":89},[44,119520,108],{"class":58},[44,119522,119523,119525,119527,119529,119531,119533],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,119524,100],{"class":99},[44,119526,103],{"class":58},[44,119528,985],{"class":121},[44,119530,103],{"class":58},[44,119532,668],{"class":89},[44,119534,993],{"class":58},[20,119536,119537],{},[30,119538,111],{},[35,119540,119542],{"className":37,"code":119541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,119543,119544,119564],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119545,119546,119548,119550,119552,119554,119556,119558,119560,119562],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119547,3270],{"class":58},[44,119549,63],{"class":62},[44,119551,66],{"class":58},[44,119553,69],{"class":62},[44,119555,66],{"class":58},[44,119557,74],{"class":62},[44,119559,66],{"class":58},[44,119561,1827],{"class":62},[44,119563,3006],{"class":58},[44,119565,119566,119568,119570,119572,119574,119576],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,119567,1005],{"class":54},[44,119569,1009],{"class":1008},[44,119571,1012],{"class":235},[44,119573,7467],{"class":239},[44,119575,1018],{"class":235},[44,119577,1021],{"class":54},[20,119579,1656,119580,119582,119583,86],{},[15,119581,73785],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[30,119584,7467],{},[20,119586,119587,119588,119590],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[167,119589,52133],{"href":50340}," is a helpful next step.",[131,119592,4331,119594],{"id":119593},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,119595,77228],{},[20,119597,1462,119598,9969],{},[15,119599,77228],{},[145,119601,119602,119605,119608,119611],{},[148,119603,119604],{},"you already have a list",[148,119606,119607],{},"you want to update that list directly",[148,119609,119610],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[148,119612,119613],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[347,119615,119617],{"id":119616},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[35,119619,119621],{"className":37,"code":119620,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,119622,119623,119655,119659,119669,119673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119624,119625,119627,119629,119631,119633,119635,119637,119639,119641,119643,119645,119647,119649,119651,119653],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119626,4365],{"class":50},[44,119628,55],{"class":54},[44,119630,2993],{"class":58},[44,119632,236],{"class":235},[44,119634,4392],{"class":239},[44,119636,236],{"class":235},[44,119638,66],{"class":58},[44,119640,247],{"class":235},[44,119642,4374],{"class":239},[44,119644,236],{"class":235},[44,119646,66],{"class":58},[44,119648,247],{"class":235},[44,119650,4383],{"class":239},[44,119652,236],{"class":235},[44,119654,3006],{"class":58},[44,119656,119657],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,119658,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,119660,119661,119663,119665,119667],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,119662,4409],{"class":50},[44,119664,86],{"class":58},[44,119666,34151],{"class":89},[44,119668,93],{"class":58},[44,119670,119671],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,119672,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,119674,119675,119677,119679,119681],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,119676,100],{"class":99},[44,119678,103],{"class":58},[44,119680,4409],{"class":89},[44,119682,108],{"class":58},[20,119684,119685],{},[30,119686,111],{},[35,119688,119690],{"className":37,"code":119689,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,119691,119692],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119693,119694,119696,119698,119700,119702,119704,119706,119708,119710,119712,119714,119716,119718],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119695,3270],{"class":58},[44,119697,1018],{"class":235},[44,119699,4374],{"class":239},[44,119701,1018],{"class":235},[44,119703,66],{"class":58},[44,119705,1012],{"class":235},[44,119707,4383],{"class":239},[44,119709,1018],{"class":235},[44,119711,66],{"class":58},[44,119713,1012],{"class":235},[44,119715,4392],{"class":239},[44,119717,1018],{"class":235},[44,119719,3006],{"class":58},[20,119721,119722],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,119724,119725,119726,86],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[167,119727,79234],{"href":77737},[131,119729,119731,342,119733,119735],{"id":119730},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,119732,72938],{},[15,119734,14195],{}," work with both",[20,119737,9958,119738,342,119740,119742],{},[15,119739,73785],{},[15,119741,77228],{}," support:",[145,119744,119745,119750],{},[148,119746,119747,119749],{},[15,119748,77452],{}," for descending order",[148,119751,119752,119755],{},[15,119753,119754],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,119757,119758],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[347,119760,119762],{"id":119761},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[35,119764,119766],{"className":37,"code":119765,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119767,119768,119788,119792,119814,119818,119836],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119769,119770,119772,119774,119776,119778,119780,119782,119784,119786],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119771,51],{"class":50},[44,119773,55],{"class":54},[44,119775,2993],{"class":58},[44,119777,1432],{"class":62},[44,119779,66],{"class":58},[44,119781,4867],{"class":62},[44,119783,66],{"class":58},[44,119785,69],{"class":62},[44,119787,3006],{"class":58},[44,119789,119790],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,119791,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,119793,119794,119796,119798,119800,119802,119804,119806,119808,119810,119812],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,119795,100],{"class":99},[44,119797,103],{"class":58},[44,119799,73875],{"class":99},[44,119801,103],{"class":58},[44,119803,83],{"class":89},[44,119805,66],{"class":58},[44,119807,77431],{"class":8546},[44,119809,55],{"class":54},[44,119811,2974],{"class":692},[44,119813,993],{"class":58},[44,119815,119816],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,119817,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,119819,119820,119822,119824,119826,119828,119830,119832,119834],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,119821,83],{"class":50},[44,119823,86],{"class":58},[44,119825,34151],{"class":89},[44,119827,103],{"class":58},[44,119829,72938],{"class":8546},[44,119831,55],{"class":54},[44,119833,2974],{"class":692},[44,119835,108],{"class":58},[44,119837,119838,119840,119842,119844],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,119839,100],{"class":99},[44,119841,103],{"class":58},[44,119843,83],{"class":89},[44,119845,108],{"class":58},[20,119847,119848],{},[30,119849,111],{},[35,119851,119853],{"className":37,"code":119852,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,119854,119855,119871],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119856,119857,119859,119861,119863,119865,119867,119869],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119858,3270],{"class":58},[44,119860,1432],{"class":62},[44,119862,66],{"class":58},[44,119864,69],{"class":62},[44,119866,66],{"class":58},[44,119868,4867],{"class":62},[44,119870,3006],{"class":58},[44,119872,119873,119875,119877,119879,119881,119883,119885],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,119874,3270],{"class":58},[44,119876,1432],{"class":62},[44,119878,66],{"class":58},[44,119880,69],{"class":62},[44,119882,66],{"class":58},[44,119884,4867],{"class":62},[44,119886,3006],{"class":58},[347,119888,119890],{"id":119889},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[35,119892,119894],{"className":37,"code":119893,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,119895,119896,119928,119932,119958,119962,119984],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119897,119898,119900,119902,119904,119906,119908,119910,119912,119914,119916,119918,119920,119922,119924,119926],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119899,3441],{"class":50},[44,119901,55],{"class":54},[44,119903,2993],{"class":58},[44,119905,236],{"class":235},[44,119907,82724],{"class":239},[44,119909,236],{"class":235},[44,119911,66],{"class":58},[44,119913,247],{"class":235},[44,119915,3450],{"class":239},[44,119917,236],{"class":235},[44,119919,66],{"class":58},[44,119921,247],{"class":235},[44,119923,118082],{"class":239},[44,119925,236],{"class":235},[44,119927,3006],{"class":58},[44,119929,119930],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,119931,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,119933,119934,119936,119938,119940,119942,119944,119946,119948,119950,119952,119954,119956],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,119935,100],{"class":99},[44,119937,103],{"class":58},[44,119939,73875],{"class":99},[44,119941,103],{"class":58},[44,119943,3485],{"class":89},[44,119945,66],{"class":58},[44,119947,20927],{"class":8546},[44,119949,55],{"class":54},[44,119951,2812],{"class":121},[44,119953,86],{"class":58},[44,119955,8014],{"class":24098},[44,119957,993],{"class":58},[44,119959,119960],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,119961,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,119963,119964,119966,119968,119970,119972,119974,119976,119978,119980,119982],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,119965,3485],{"class":50},[44,119967,86],{"class":58},[44,119969,34151],{"class":89},[44,119971,103],{"class":58},[44,119973,14195],{"class":8546},[44,119975,55],{"class":54},[44,119977,2812],{"class":121},[44,119979,86],{"class":58},[44,119981,8014],{"class":24098},[44,119983,108],{"class":58},[44,119985,119986,119988,119990,119992],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,119987,100],{"class":99},[44,119989,103],{"class":58},[44,119991,3485],{"class":89},[44,119993,108],{"class":58},[20,119995,119996],{},[30,119997,111],{},[35,119999,120001],{"className":37,"code":120000,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120002,120003,120031],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120004,120005,120007,120009,120011,120013,120015,120017,120019,120021,120023,120025,120027,120029],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120006,3270],{"class":58},[44,120008,1018],{"class":235},[44,120010,3450],{"class":239},[44,120012,1018],{"class":235},[44,120014,66],{"class":58},[44,120016,1012],{"class":235},[44,120018,82724],{"class":239},[44,120020,1018],{"class":235},[44,120022,66],{"class":58},[44,120024,1012],{"class":235},[44,120026,118082],{"class":239},[44,120028,1018],{"class":235},[44,120030,3006],{"class":58},[44,120032,120033,120035,120037,120039,120041,120043,120045,120047,120049,120051,120053,120055,120057],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,120034,3270],{"class":58},[44,120036,1018],{"class":235},[44,120038,3450],{"class":239},[44,120040,1018],{"class":235},[44,120042,66],{"class":58},[44,120044,1012],{"class":235},[44,120046,82724],{"class":239},[44,120048,1018],{"class":235},[44,120050,66],{"class":58},[44,120052,1012],{"class":235},[44,120054,118082],{"class":239},[44,120056,1018],{"class":235},[44,120058,3006],{"class":58},[20,120060,350,120061,120063],{},[15,120062,77946],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120065,120066,120067,86],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[167,120068,120070],{"href":120069},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[131,120072,120074],{"id":120073},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120076,120077],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[347,120079,120081,120082,11955],{"id":120080},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120083,77228],{},[20,120085,120086],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[35,120088,120090],{"className":37,"code":120089,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120091,120092,120112,120116,120130,120134,120144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120093,120094,120096,120098,120100,120102,120104,120106,120108,120110],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120095,51],{"class":50},[44,120097,55],{"class":54},[44,120099,2993],{"class":58},[44,120101,1432],{"class":62},[44,120103,66],{"class":58},[44,120105,4867],{"class":62},[44,120107,66],{"class":58},[44,120109,69],{"class":62},[44,120111,3006],{"class":58},[44,120113,120114],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,120115,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,120117,120118,120120,120122,120124,120126,120128],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,120119,644],{"class":50},[44,120121,55],{"class":54},[44,120123,649],{"class":50},[44,120125,86],{"class":58},[44,120127,34151],{"class":89},[44,120129,93],{"class":58},[44,120131,120132],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,120133,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,120135,120136,120138,120140,120142],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,120137,100],{"class":99},[44,120139,103],{"class":58},[44,120141,668],{"class":89},[44,120143,108],{"class":58},[44,120145,120146,120148,120150,120152],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,120147,100],{"class":99},[44,120149,103],{"class":58},[44,120151,83],{"class":89},[44,120153,108],{"class":58},[20,120155,120156],{},[30,120157,111],{},[35,120159,120160],{"className":37,"code":78569,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,120161,120162,120166],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120163,120164],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120165,693],{"class":692},[44,120167,120168,120170,120172,120174,120176,120178,120180],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,120169,3270],{"class":58},[44,120171,63],{"class":62},[44,120173,66],{"class":58},[44,120175,69],{"class":62},[44,120177,66],{"class":58},[44,120179,74],{"class":62},[44,120181,3006],{"class":58},[20,120183,11258],{},[145,120185,120186,120191,120196],{},[148,120187,120188,120190],{},[15,120189,119193],{}," sorts the list in place",[148,120192,34367,120193,120195],{},[30,120194,604],{}," return the sorted list",[148,120197,89348,120198,41512,120200],{},[15,120199,668],{},[15,120201,159],{},[347,120203,120205,120206,120208],{"id":120204},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120207,73785],{}," to change the original list",[35,120210,120212],{"className":37,"code":120211,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120213,120214,120234,120238,120248,120252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120215,120216,120218,120220,120222,120224,120226,120228,120230,120232],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120217,51],{"class":50},[44,120219,55],{"class":54},[44,120221,2993],{"class":58},[44,120223,1432],{"class":62},[44,120225,66],{"class":58},[44,120227,4867],{"class":62},[44,120229,66],{"class":58},[44,120231,69],{"class":62},[44,120233,3006],{"class":58},[44,120235,120236],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,120237,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,120239,120240,120242,120244,120246],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,120241,73875],{"class":99},[44,120243,103],{"class":58},[44,120245,83],{"class":89},[44,120247,108],{"class":58},[44,120249,120250],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,120251,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,120253,120254,120256,120258,120260],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,120255,100],{"class":99},[44,120257,103],{"class":58},[44,120259,83],{"class":89},[44,120261,108],{"class":58},[20,120263,120264],{},[30,120265,111],{},[35,120267,120268],{"className":37,"code":118414,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,120269,120270],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120271,120272,120274,120276,120278,120280,120282,120284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120273,3270],{"class":58},[44,120275,1432],{"class":62},[44,120277,66],{"class":58},[44,120279,4867],{"class":62},[44,120281,66],{"class":58},[44,120283,69],{"class":62},[44,120285,3006],{"class":58},[20,120287,120288,120291],{},[15,120289,120290],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120293,10174],{},[35,120295,120297],{"className":37,"code":120296,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120298,120299,120319,120323,120337,120341],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120300,120301,120303,120305,120307,120309,120311,120313,120315,120317],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120302,51],{"class":50},[44,120304,55],{"class":54},[44,120306,2993],{"class":58},[44,120308,1432],{"class":62},[44,120310,66],{"class":58},[44,120312,4867],{"class":62},[44,120314,66],{"class":58},[44,120316,69],{"class":62},[44,120318,3006],{"class":58},[44,120320,120321],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,120322,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,120324,120325,120327,120329,120331,120333,120335],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,120326,55001],{"class":50},[44,120328,55],{"class":54},[44,120330,73919],{"class":99},[44,120332,103],{"class":58},[44,120334,83],{"class":89},[44,120336,108],{"class":58},[44,120338,120339],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,120340,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,120342,120343,120345,120347,120349],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,120344,100],{"class":99},[44,120346,103],{"class":58},[44,120348,55020],{"class":89},[44,120350,108],{"class":58},[347,120352,120354,120355,120357],{"id":120353},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120356,63673],{}," on a tuple or string",[35,120359,120360],{"className":37,"code":78671,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,120361,120362,120374],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120363,120364,120366,120368,120370,120372],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120365,34039],{"class":50},[44,120367,55],{"class":54},[44,120369,247],{"class":235},[44,120371,39],{"class":239},[44,120373,2727],{"class":235},[44,120375,120376,120378,120380,120382],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,120377,34060],{"class":50},[44,120379,86],{"class":58},[44,120381,34151],{"class":89},[44,120383,93],{"class":58},[20,120385,120386,120387,32951],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,120388,63673],{},[20,120390,120391,120393],{},[15,120392,63673],{}," only works on lists.",[20,120395,120396,120397,120399,120400,86],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,120398,73785],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[167,120401,4507],{"href":4956},[347,120403,120405,120406,118451],{"id":120404},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,120407,73785],{},[35,120409,120411],{"className":37,"code":120410,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120412,120413,120426,120440,120444,120454],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120414,120415,120417,120419,120421,120424],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120416,34039],{"class":50},[44,120418,55],{"class":54},[44,120420,247],{"class":235},[44,120422,120423],{"class":239},"cab",[44,120425,2727],{"class":235},[44,120427,120428,120430,120432,120434,120436,120438],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,120429,644],{"class":50},[44,120431,55],{"class":54},[44,120433,73919],{"class":99},[44,120435,103],{"class":58},[44,120437,34060],{"class":89},[44,120439,108],{"class":58},[44,120441,120442],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,120443,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,120445,120446,120448,120450,120452],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,120447,100],{"class":99},[44,120449,103],{"class":58},[44,120451,668],{"class":89},[44,120453,108],{"class":58},[44,120455,120456,120458,120460,120462,120464,120466],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,120457,100],{"class":99},[44,120459,103],{"class":58},[44,120461,985],{"class":121},[44,120463,103],{"class":58},[44,120465,668],{"class":89},[44,120467,993],{"class":58},[20,120469,120470],{},[30,120471,111],{},[35,120473,120475],{"className":37,"code":120474,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120476,120477,120505],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120478,120479,120481,120483,120485,120487,120489,120491,120493,120495,120497,120499,120501,120503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120480,3270],{"class":58},[44,120482,1018],{"class":235},[44,120484,167],{"class":239},[44,120486,1018],{"class":235},[44,120488,66],{"class":58},[44,120490,1012],{"class":235},[44,120492,1164],{"class":239},[44,120494,1018],{"class":235},[44,120496,66],{"class":58},[44,120498,1012],{"class":235},[44,120500,9109],{"class":239},[44,120502,1018],{"class":235},[44,120504,3006],{"class":58},[44,120506,120507,120509,120511,120513,120515,120517],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,120508,1005],{"class":54},[44,120510,1009],{"class":1008},[44,120512,1012],{"class":235},[44,120514,7467],{"class":239},[44,120516,1018],{"class":235},[44,120518,1021],{"class":54},[20,120520,120521],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[131,120523,112972],{"id":112971},[20,120525,120526],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[145,120528,120529,120532,120537,120542,120548],{},[148,120530,120531],{},"confusing a function with a method",[148,120533,120534,120535,53006],{},"not knowing that ",[15,120536,63673],{},[148,120538,120539,120540,11955],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,120541,77228],{},[148,120543,120544,120545,120547],{},"trying to use ",[15,120546,63673],{}," on non-list data types",[148,120549,49866,120550,120552],{},[15,120551,73785],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,120554,120555],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[35,120557,120559],{"className":37,"code":120558,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,120560,120561,120571,120585,120610,120625,120635],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120562,120563,120565,120567,120569],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120564,100],{"class":99},[44,120566,103],{"class":58},[44,120568,7713],{"class":89},[44,120570,108],{"class":58},[44,120572,120573,120575,120577,120579,120581,120583],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,120574,100],{"class":99},[44,120576,103],{"class":58},[44,120578,73875],{"class":99},[44,120580,103],{"class":58},[44,120582,7713],{"class":89},[44,120584,993],{"class":58},[44,120586,120587,120589,120591,120593,120595,120597,120599,120602,120604,120606,120608],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,120588,644],{"class":50},[44,120590,55],{"class":54},[44,120592,7770],{"class":50},[44,120594,86],{"class":58},[44,120596,34151],{"class":89},[44,120598,6738],{"class":58},[44,120600,120601],{"class":50},"; ",[44,120603,100],{"class":99},[44,120605,103],{"class":58},[44,120607,668],{"class":89},[44,120609,108],{"class":58},[44,120611,120612,120614,120616,120618,120620,120623],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,120613,100],{"class":99},[44,120615,103],{"class":58},[44,120617,985],{"class":121},[44,120619,103],{"class":58},[44,120621,120622],{"class":89},"my_data",[44,120624,993],{"class":58},[44,120626,120627,120629,120631,120633],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,120628,31502],{"class":99},[44,120630,103],{"class":58},[44,120632,73875],{"class":99},[44,120634,108],{"class":58},[44,120636,120637,120639,120641,120643,120645,120647],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,120638,31502],{"class":99},[44,120640,103],{"class":58},[44,120642,7467],{"class":121},[44,120644,86],{"class":58},[44,120646,34151],{"class":24098},[44,120648,108],{"class":58},[20,120650,83734],{},[145,120652,120653,120656,120660,120668],{},[148,120654,120655],{},"whether your original list changed",[148,120657,25367,120658,11065],{},[15,120659,73785],{},[148,120661,120662,120663,120665,120666],{},"whether ",[15,120664,63673],{}," returned ",[15,120667,159],{},[148,120669,120670],{},"what type of object you are working with",[131,120672,120674],{"id":120673},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,120676,120677],{},"Use this rule:",[145,120679,120680,120688],{},[148,120681,120682,120683,120685,120686],{},"Need a ",[30,120684,118776],{},": use ",[15,120687,73785],{},[148,120689,120690,120691,120685,120694],{},"Need to ",[30,120692,120693],{},"change one list directly",[15,120695,77228],{},[20,120697,120698,120699,120701],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,120700,73785],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[131,120703,1196],{"id":1195},[347,120705,120707,120708,945,120710,1239],{"id":120706},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,120709,73785],{},[15,120711,77228],{},[20,120713,120714,120716],{},[15,120715,73785],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[347,120718,4526,120720,4529,120722,1239],{"id":120719},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,120721,77228],{},[15,120723,159],{},[20,120725,120726],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[347,120728,4538,120730,120732],{"id":120729},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,120731,73785],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,120734,120735],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[347,120737,27677,120739,120741],{"id":120738},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,120740,63673],{}," on a string?",[20,120743,45724,120744,120746,120747,39285],{},[15,120745,63673],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,120748,120749],{},"sorted(string)",[347,120751,11177,120753,342,120755,120757],{"id":120752},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,120754,73785],{},[15,120756,63673],{}," both support descending order?",[20,120759,120760,120761,86],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,120762,77452],{},[131,120764,1251],{"id":1250},[145,120766,120767,120773,120779,120783,120787],{},[148,120768,120769],{},[167,120770,2945,120771,2878],{"href":73882},[15,120772,73785],{},[148,120774,120775],{},[167,120776,2945,120777,1272],{"href":74136},[15,120778,77228],{},[148,120780,120781],{},[167,120782,79234],{"href":77737},[148,120784,120785],{},[167,120786,120070],{"href":120069},[148,120788,120789],{},[167,120790,52133],{"href":50340},[1294,120792,120793],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":120795},[120796,120797,120798,120802,120806,120809,120813,120817,120822,120832,120833,120834,120846],{"id":2978,"depth":80,"text":2979},{"id":118864,"depth":80,"text":118865},{"id":116967,"depth":80,"text":118689,"children":120799},[120800],{"id":118931,"depth":96,"text":120801},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77294,"depth":80,"text":79256,"children":120803},[120804],{"id":119108,"depth":96,"text":120805},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119204,"depth":80,"text":119205,"children":120807},[120808],{"id":119230,"depth":96,"text":119231},{"id":119436,"depth":80,"text":120810,"children":120811},"When to use sorted()",[120812],{"id":119458,"depth":96,"text":119459},{"id":119593,"depth":80,"text":120814,"children":120815},"When to use list.sort()",[120816],{"id":119616,"depth":96,"text":119617},{"id":119730,"depth":80,"text":120818,"children":120819},"reverse and key work with both",[120820,120821],{"id":119761,"depth":96,"text":119762},{"id":119889,"depth":96,"text":119890},{"id":120073,"depth":80,"text":120074,"children":120823},[120824,120826,120828,120830],{"id":120080,"depth":96,"text":120825},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120204,"depth":96,"text":120827},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120353,"depth":96,"text":120829},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120404,"depth":96,"text":120831},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":112971,"depth":80,"text":112972},{"id":120673,"depth":80,"text":120674},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":120835},[120836,120838,120840,120842,120844],{"id":120706,"depth":96,"text":120837},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":120719,"depth":96,"text":120839},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":120729,"depth":96,"text":120841},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":120738,"depth":96,"text":120843},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":120752,"depth":96,"text":120845},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":118735,"description":120847},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":120853,"title":41533,"body":120854,"description":122586,"extension":1331,"meta":122587,"navigation":268,"path":122588,"seo":122589,"stem":122590,"__hash__":122591},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":120855,"toc":122543},[120856,120861,120866,120872,120874,120929,120933,120956,120961,120966,120971,120973,121004,121007,121021,121023,121025,121040,121045,121049,121052,121103,121107,121121,121128,121132,121136,121191,121195,121218,121222,121278,121282,121305,121309,121364,121368,121391,121395,121462,121466,121501,121507,121512,121517,121519,121533,121535,121609,121613,121633,121638,121645,121648,121660,121662,121731,121735,121772,121775,121800,121807,121816,121819,121831,121837,121843,121845,121851,121856,121935,121939,121980,121984,121986,122013,122016,122039,122042,122048,122051,122088,122100,122107,122109,122160,122163,122195,122198,122200,122207,122209,122224,122226,122283,122287,122311,122313,122318,122334,122341,122345,122348,122431,122441,122443,122448,122451,122457,122460,122466,122469,122475,122478,122485,122493,122495,122540],[10,120857,2945,120859,2949],{"id":120858},"python-str-function-explained",[15,120860,47043],{},[20,120862,31667,120863,120865],{},[15,120864,47043],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,120867,120868,120869,120871],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,120870,47043],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[131,120873,1372],{"id":1371},[35,120875,120877],{"className":37,"code":120876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,120878,120879,120887,120901,120905,120915],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120880,120881,120883,120885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120882,20976],{"class":50},[44,120884,55],{"class":54},[44,120886,44584],{"class":62},[44,120888,120889,120891,120893,120895,120897,120899],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,120890,34039],{"class":50},[44,120892,55],{"class":54},[44,120894,48264],{"class":121},[44,120896,103],{"class":58},[44,120898,8669],{"class":89},[44,120900,108],{"class":58},[44,120902,120903],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,120904,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,120906,120907,120909,120911,120913],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,120908,100],{"class":99},[44,120910,103],{"class":58},[44,120912,34060],{"class":89},[44,120914,108],{"class":58},[44,120916,120917,120919,120921,120923,120925,120927],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,120918,100],{"class":99},[44,120920,103],{"class":58},[44,120922,985],{"class":121},[44,120924,103],{"class":58},[44,120926,34060],{"class":89},[44,120928,993],{"class":58},[20,120930,120931],{},[30,120932,111],{},[35,120934,120936],{"className":37,"code":120935,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,120937,120938,120942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120939,120940],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120941,2078],{"class":62},[44,120943,120944,120946,120948,120950,120952,120954],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,120945,1005],{"class":54},[44,120947,1009],{"class":1008},[44,120949,1012],{"class":235},[44,120951,2812],{"class":239},[44,120953,1018],{"class":235},[44,120955,1021],{"class":54},[20,120957,1462,120958,120960],{},[15,120959,47043],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[131,120962,134,120964,137],{"id":120963},"what-str-does",[15,120965,47043],{},[20,120967,120968,120970],{},[15,120969,47043],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,120972,1477],{},[145,120974,120975,120982,120989,120996],{},[148,120976,120977,120978,41512,120980],{},"An integer like ",[15,120979,1701],{},[15,120981,41483],{},[148,120983,120984,120985,41512,120987],{},"A float like ",[15,120986,39499],{},[15,120988,47454],{},[148,120990,120991,120992,41512,120994],{},"A boolean like ",[15,120993,2974],{},[15,120995,6012],{},[148,120997,120998,120999,41512,121001],{},"A list like ",[15,121000,74607],{},[15,121002,121003],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121005,121006],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[145,121008,121009,121012,121015,121018],{},[148,121010,121011],{},"print it",[148,121013,121014],{},"combine it with other strings",[148,121016,121017],{},"save it to a file",[148,121019,121020],{},"use it in messages",[131,121022,175],{"id":174},[20,121024,6590],{},[35,121026,121028],{"className":37,"code":121027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"str(object)\n",[15,121029,121030],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121031,121032,121034,121036,121038],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121033,2812],{"class":121},[44,121035,103],{"class":58},[44,121037,41756],{"class":121},[44,121039,108],{"class":58},[20,121041,565,121042,121044],{},[15,121043,41756],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121046,121047,7599],{},[15,121048,47043],{},[20,121050,121051],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[35,121053,121055],{"className":37,"code":121054,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121056,121057,121066,121089,121093],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121058,121059,121061,121063],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121060,4466],{"class":50},[44,121062,55],{"class":54},[44,121064,121065],{"class":62}," 100\n",[44,121067,121068,121070,121072,121074,121077,121079,121081,121083,121085,121087],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,121069,89368],{"class":50},[44,121071,55],{"class":54},[44,121073,247],{"class":235},[44,121075,121076],{"class":239},"Your score is ",[44,121078,236],{"class":235},[44,121080,1824],{"class":54},[44,121082,48264],{"class":121},[44,121084,103],{"class":58},[44,121086,84881],{"class":89},[44,121088,108],{"class":58},[44,121090,121091],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,121092,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,121094,121095,121097,121099,121101],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,121096,100],{"class":99},[44,121098,103],{"class":58},[44,121100,89385],{"class":89},[44,121102,108],{"class":58},[20,121104,121105],{},[30,121106,111],{},[35,121108,121110],{"className":37,"code":121109,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121111,121112],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121113,121114,121117,121119],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121115,121116],{"class":50},"Your score ",[44,121118,11552],{"class":54},[44,121120,121065],{"class":62},[20,121122,1666,121123,121127],{},[167,121124,121125,1673],{"href":1669},[15,121126,1672],{}," can help you check.",[131,121129,121131],{"id":121130},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[347,121133,121135],{"id":121134},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[35,121137,121139],{"className":37,"code":121138,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121140,121141,121149,121163,121167,121177],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121142,121143,121145,121147],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121144,1588],{"class":50},[44,121146,55],{"class":54},[44,121148,1956],{"class":62},[44,121150,121151,121153,121155,121157,121159,121161],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,121152,34039],{"class":50},[44,121154,55],{"class":54},[44,121156,48264],{"class":121},[44,121158,103],{"class":58},[44,121160,1610],{"class":89},[44,121162,108],{"class":58},[44,121164,121165],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,121166,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,121168,121169,121171,121173,121175],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,121170,100],{"class":99},[44,121172,103],{"class":58},[44,121174,34060],{"class":89},[44,121176,108],{"class":58},[44,121178,121179,121181,121183,121185,121187,121189],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,121180,100],{"class":99},[44,121182,103],{"class":58},[44,121184,985],{"class":121},[44,121186,103],{"class":58},[44,121188,34060],{"class":89},[44,121190,993],{"class":58},[20,121192,121193],{},[30,121194,111],{},[35,121196,121198],{"className":37,"code":121197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121199,121200,121204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121201,121202],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121203,1747],{"class":62},[44,121205,121206,121208,121210,121212,121214,121216],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,121207,1005],{"class":54},[44,121209,1009],{"class":1008},[44,121211,1012],{"class":235},[44,121213,2812],{"class":239},[44,121215,1018],{"class":235},[44,121217,1021],{"class":54},[347,121219,121221],{"id":121220},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[35,121223,121225],{"className":37,"code":121224,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121226,121227,121236,121250,121254,121264],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121228,121229,121231,121233],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121230,39743],{"class":50},[44,121232,55],{"class":54},[44,121234,121235],{"class":62}," 3.14\n",[44,121237,121238,121240,121242,121244,121246,121248],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,121239,34039],{"class":50},[44,121241,55],{"class":54},[44,121243,48264],{"class":121},[44,121245,103],{"class":58},[44,121247,24498],{"class":89},[44,121249,108],{"class":58},[44,121251,121252],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,121253,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,121255,121256,121258,121260,121262],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,121257,100],{"class":99},[44,121259,103],{"class":58},[44,121261,34060],{"class":89},[44,121263,108],{"class":58},[44,121265,121266,121268,121270,121272,121274,121276],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,121267,100],{"class":99},[44,121269,103],{"class":58},[44,121271,985],{"class":121},[44,121273,103],{"class":58},[44,121275,34060],{"class":89},[44,121277,993],{"class":58},[20,121279,121280],{},[30,121281,111],{},[35,121283,121285],{"className":37,"code":121284,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121286,121287,121291],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121288,121289],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121290,39533],{"class":62},[44,121292,121293,121295,121297,121299,121301,121303],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,121294,1005],{"class":54},[44,121296,1009],{"class":1008},[44,121298,1012],{"class":235},[44,121300,2812],{"class":239},[44,121302,1018],{"class":235},[44,121304,1021],{"class":54},[347,121306,121308],{"id":121307},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[35,121310,121312],{"className":37,"code":121311,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121313,121314,121322,121336,121340,121350],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121315,121316,121318,121320],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121317,1817],{"class":50},[44,121319,55],{"class":54},[44,121321,5793],{"class":692},[44,121323,121324,121326,121328,121330,121332,121334],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,121325,34039],{"class":50},[44,121327,55],{"class":54},[44,121329,48264],{"class":121},[44,121331,103],{"class":58},[44,121333,1843],{"class":89},[44,121335,108],{"class":58},[44,121337,121338],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,121339,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,121341,121342,121344,121346,121348],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,121343,100],{"class":99},[44,121345,103],{"class":58},[44,121347,34060],{"class":89},[44,121349,108],{"class":58},[44,121351,121352,121354,121356,121358,121360,121362],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,121353,100],{"class":99},[44,121355,103],{"class":58},[44,121357,985],{"class":121},[44,121359,103],{"class":58},[44,121361,34060],{"class":89},[44,121363,993],{"class":58},[20,121365,121366],{},[30,121367,111],{},[35,121369,121371],{"className":37,"code":121370,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121372,121373,121377],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121374,121375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121376,3350],{"class":692},[44,121378,121379,121381,121383,121385,121387,121389],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,121380,1005],{"class":54},[44,121382,1009],{"class":1008},[44,121384,1012],{"class":235},[44,121386,2812],{"class":239},[44,121388,1018],{"class":235},[44,121390,1021],{"class":54},[347,121392,121394],{"id":121393},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[35,121396,121398],{"className":37,"code":121397,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121399,121400,121420,121434,121438,121448],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121401,121402,121404,121406,121408,121410,121412,121414,121416,121418],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121403,362],{"class":50},[44,121405,55],{"class":54},[44,121407,2993],{"class":58},[44,121409,63],{"class":62},[44,121411,66],{"class":58},[44,121413,69],{"class":62},[44,121415,66],{"class":58},[44,121417,74],{"class":62},[44,121419,3006],{"class":58},[44,121421,121422,121424,121426,121428,121430,121432],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,121423,34039],{"class":50},[44,121425,55],{"class":54},[44,121427,48264],{"class":121},[44,121429,103],{"class":58},[44,121431,397],{"class":89},[44,121433,108],{"class":58},[44,121435,121436],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,121437,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,121439,121440,121442,121444,121446],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,121441,100],{"class":99},[44,121443,103],{"class":58},[44,121445,34060],{"class":89},[44,121447,108],{"class":58},[44,121449,121450,121452,121454,121456,121458,121460],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,121451,100],{"class":99},[44,121453,103],{"class":58},[44,121455,985],{"class":121},[44,121457,103],{"class":58},[44,121459,34060],{"class":89},[44,121461,993],{"class":58},[20,121463,121464],{},[30,121465,111],{},[35,121467,121469],{"className":37,"code":121468,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121470,121471,121487],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121472,121473,121475,121477,121479,121481,121483,121485],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121474,3270],{"class":58},[44,121476,63],{"class":62},[44,121478,66],{"class":58},[44,121480,69],{"class":62},[44,121482,66],{"class":58},[44,121484,74],{"class":62},[44,121486,3006],{"class":58},[44,121488,121489,121491,121493,121495,121497,121499],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,121490,1005],{"class":54},[44,121492,1009],{"class":1008},[44,121494,1012],{"class":235},[44,121496,2812],{"class":239},[44,121498,1018],{"class":235},[44,121500,1021],{"class":54},[20,121502,121503,121504,121506],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[30,121505,604],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[131,121508,4331,121510],{"id":121509},"when-to-use-str",[15,121511,47043],{},[20,121513,1462,121514,121516],{},[15,121515,47043],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,121518,35779],{},[145,121520,121521,121524,121527,121530],{},[148,121522,121523],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[148,121525,121526],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[148,121528,121529],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[148,121531,121532],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,121534,1578],{},[35,121536,121538],{"className":37,"code":121537,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,121539,121540,121552,121560,121564,121599],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121541,121542,121544,121546,121548,121550],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121543,7249],{"class":50},[44,121545,55],{"class":54},[44,121547,247],{"class":235},[44,121549,10870],{"class":239},[44,121551,2727],{"class":235},[44,121553,121554,121556,121558],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,121555,20976],{"class":50},[44,121557,55],{"class":54},[44,121559,44584],{"class":62},[44,121561,121562],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,121563,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,121565,121566,121568,121570,121572,121574,121576,121578,121580,121582,121584,121586,121588,121590,121592,121594,121597],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,121567,89368],{"class":50},[44,121569,55],{"class":54},[44,121571,35322],{"class":50},[44,121573,1429],{"class":54},[44,121575,247],{"class":235},[44,121577,4153],{"class":239},[44,121579,236],{"class":235},[44,121581,1824],{"class":54},[44,121583,48264],{"class":121},[44,121585,103],{"class":58},[44,121587,8669],{"class":89},[44,121589,3032],{"class":58},[44,121591,1824],{"class":54},[44,121593,247],{"class":235},[44,121595,121596],{"class":239}," years old.",[44,121598,2727],{"class":235},[44,121600,121601,121603,121605,121607],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,121602,100],{"class":99},[44,121604,103],{"class":58},[44,121606,89385],{"class":89},[44,121608,108],{"class":58},[20,121610,121611],{},[30,121612,111],{},[35,121614,121616],{"className":37,"code":121615,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,121617,121618],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121619,121620,121623,121625,121627,121630],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121621,121622],{"class":50},"Maya ",[44,121624,11552],{"class":54},[44,121626,8676],{"class":62},[44,121628,121629],{"class":50}," years old",[44,121631,121632],{"class":58},".\n",[20,121634,121635,121636,86],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[167,121637,89054],{"href":89053},[131,121639,121641,9953,121643],{"id":121640},"str-vs-print",[15,121642,47043],{},[15,121644,45811],{},[20,121646,121647],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[145,121649,121650,121655],{},[148,121651,121652,121654],{},[15,121653,47043],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[148,121656,121657,121659],{},[15,121658,45811],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,121661,1578],{},[35,121663,121665],{"className":37,"code":121664,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,121666,121667,121675,121679,121693,121703,121717],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121668,121669,121671,121673],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121670,1817],{"class":50},[44,121672,55],{"class":54},[44,121674,2138],{"class":62},[44,121676,121677],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,121678,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,121680,121681,121683,121685,121687,121689,121691],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,121682,34039],{"class":50},[44,121684,55],{"class":54},[44,121686,48264],{"class":121},[44,121688,103],{"class":58},[44,121690,1843],{"class":89},[44,121692,108],{"class":58},[44,121694,121695,121697,121699,121701],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,121696,100],{"class":99},[44,121698,103],{"class":58},[44,121700,34060],{"class":89},[44,121702,108],{"class":58},[44,121704,121705,121707,121709,121711,121713,121715],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,121706,100],{"class":99},[44,121708,103],{"class":58},[44,121710,985],{"class":121},[44,121712,103],{"class":58},[44,121714,34060],{"class":89},[44,121716,993],{"class":58},[44,121718,121719,121721,121723,121725,121727,121729],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,121720,100],{"class":99},[44,121722,103],{"class":58},[44,121724,985],{"class":121},[44,121726,103],{"class":58},[44,121728,1843],{"class":89},[44,121730,993],{"class":58},[20,121732,121733],{},[30,121734,111],{},[35,121736,121738],{"className":37,"code":121737,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,121739,121740,121744,121758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121741,121742],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121743,45971],{"class":62},[44,121745,121746,121748,121750,121752,121754,121756],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,121747,1005],{"class":54},[44,121749,1009],{"class":1008},[44,121751,1012],{"class":235},[44,121753,2812],{"class":239},[44,121755,1018],{"class":235},[44,121757,1021],{"class":54},[44,121759,121760,121762,121764,121766,121768,121770],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,121761,1005],{"class":54},[44,121763,1009],{"class":1008},[44,121765,1012],{"class":235},[44,121767,1558],{"class":239},[44,121769,1018],{"class":235},[44,121771,1021],{"class":54},[20,121773,121774],{},"Notice:",[145,121776,121777,121783,121788],{},[148,121778,121779,121782],{},[15,121780,121781],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[148,121784,121785,121787],{},[15,121786,45811],{}," only displayed values",[148,121789,121790,121792,121793,121795,121796,60662,121798],{},[15,121791,45811],{}," did not change ",[15,121794,1843],{}," from ",[15,121797,1558],{},[15,121799,2812],{},[20,121801,121802,121803,86],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[167,121804,121805,1673],{"href":45808},[15,121806,45811],{},[131,121808,121810,9953,121812,121815],{"id":121809},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,121811,47043],{},[15,121813,121814],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,121817,121818],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[145,121820,121821,121826],{},[148,121822,121823,121825],{},[15,121824,47043],{}," is the more readable text version",[148,121827,121828,121830],{},[15,121829,121814],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,121832,121833,121834,121836],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,121835,47043],{}," much more often.",[20,121838,121839,121840,121842],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,121841,47043],{}," is usually the right choice.",[131,121844,784],{"id":783},[347,121846,25122,121848,121850],{"id":121847},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,121849,47043],{}," changes the original variable",[20,121852,121853,121855],{},[15,121854,47043],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[35,121857,121859],{"className":37,"code":121858,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121860,121861,121869,121883,121887,121897,121911,121921],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121862,121863,121865,121867],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121864,20976],{"class":50},[44,121866,55],{"class":54},[44,121868,44584],{"class":62},[44,121870,121871,121873,121875,121877,121879,121881],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,121872,34039],{"class":50},[44,121874,55],{"class":54},[44,121876,48264],{"class":121},[44,121878,103],{"class":58},[44,121880,8669],{"class":89},[44,121882,108],{"class":58},[44,121884,121885],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,121886,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,121888,121889,121891,121893,121895],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,121890,100],{"class":99},[44,121892,103],{"class":58},[44,121894,8669],{"class":89},[44,121896,108],{"class":58},[44,121898,121899,121901,121903,121905,121907,121909],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,121900,100],{"class":99},[44,121902,103],{"class":58},[44,121904,985],{"class":121},[44,121906,103],{"class":58},[44,121908,8669],{"class":89},[44,121910,993],{"class":58},[44,121912,121913,121915,121917,121919],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,121914,100],{"class":99},[44,121916,103],{"class":58},[44,121918,34060],{"class":89},[44,121920,108],{"class":58},[44,121922,121923,121925,121927,121929,121931,121933],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,121924,100],{"class":99},[44,121926,103],{"class":58},[44,121928,985],{"class":121},[44,121930,103],{"class":58},[44,121932,34060],{"class":89},[44,121934,993],{"class":58},[20,121936,121937],{},[30,121938,111],{},[35,121940,121942],{"className":37,"code":121941,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121943,121944,121948,121962,121966],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121945,121946],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121947,2078],{"class":62},[44,121949,121950,121952,121954,121956,121958,121960],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,121951,1005],{"class":54},[44,121953,1009],{"class":1008},[44,121955,1012],{"class":235},[44,121957,1558],{"class":239},[44,121959,1018],{"class":235},[44,121961,1021],{"class":54},[44,121963,121964],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,121965,2078],{"class":62},[44,121967,121968,121970,121972,121974,121976,121978],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,121969,1005],{"class":54},[44,121971,1009],{"class":1008},[44,121973,1012],{"class":235},[44,121975,2812],{"class":239},[44,121977,1018],{"class":235},[44,121979,1021],{"class":54},[347,121981,121983],{"id":121982},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,121985,6059],{},[35,121987,121989],{"className":37,"code":121988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,121990,121991,121999],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121992,121993,121995,121997],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121994,20976],{"class":50},[44,121996,55],{"class":54},[44,121998,44584],{"class":62},[44,122000,122001,122003,122005,122007,122009,122011],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,122002,34039],{"class":50},[44,122004,55],{"class":54},[44,122006,48264],{"class":121},[44,122008,103],{"class":58},[44,122010,8669],{"class":89},[44,122012,108],{"class":58},[20,122014,122015],{},"But if you only do this:",[35,122017,122019],{"className":37,"code":122018,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122020,122021,122029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122022,122023,122025,122027],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122024,20976],{"class":50},[44,122026,55],{"class":54},[44,122028,44584],{"class":62},[44,122030,122031,122033,122035,122037],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,122032,2812],{"class":121},[44,122034,103],{"class":58},[44,122036,8669],{"class":89},[44,122038,108],{"class":58},[20,122040,122041],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[347,122043,350,122045,122047],{"id":122044},"using-str-too-early",[15,122046,47043],{}," too early",[20,122049,122050],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[35,122052,122054],{"className":37,"code":122053,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122055,122056,122064,122079,122083],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122057,122058,122060,122062],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122059,39743],{"class":50},[44,122061,55],{"class":54},[44,122063,1956],{"class":62},[44,122065,122066,122069,122071,122073,122075,122077],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,122067,122068],{"class":50},"text_price ",[44,122070,55],{"class":54},[44,122072,48264],{"class":121},[44,122074,103],{"class":58},[44,122076,24498],{"class":89},[44,122078,108],{"class":58},[44,122080,122081],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,122082,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,122084,122085],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,122086,122087],{"class":3035},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122089,122090,122091,945,122095,122099],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[167,122092,122093],{"href":2245},[15,122094,2248],{},[167,122096,122097],{"href":2251},[15,122098,2254],{},", depending on the situation.",[347,122101,923,122103,122106],{"id":122102},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122104,122105],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122108,64005],{},[35,122110,122112],{"className":37,"code":122111,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122113,122114,122146],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122115,122116,122118,122120,122122,122124,122126,122128,122130,122132,122134,122136,122138,122140,122142,122144],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122117,362],{"class":50},[44,122119,55],{"class":54},[44,122121,2993],{"class":58},[44,122123,236],{"class":235},[44,122125,3450],{"class":239},[44,122127,236],{"class":235},[44,122129,66],{"class":58},[44,122131,247],{"class":235},[44,122133,3459],{"class":239},[44,122135,236],{"class":235},[44,122137,66],{"class":58},[44,122139,247],{"class":235},[44,122141,32571],{"class":239},[44,122143,236],{"class":235},[44,122145,3006],{"class":58},[44,122147,122148,122150,122152,122154,122156,122158],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,122149,100],{"class":99},[44,122151,103],{"class":58},[44,122153,2812],{"class":121},[44,122155,103],{"class":58},[44,122157,397],{"class":89},[44,122159,993],{"class":58},[20,122161,122162],{},"prints:",[35,122164,122165],{"className":37,"code":72197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,122166,122167],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122168,122169,122171,122173,122175,122177,122179,122181,122183,122185,122187,122189,122191,122193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122170,3270],{"class":58},[44,122172,1018],{"class":235},[44,122174,3450],{"class":239},[44,122176,1018],{"class":235},[44,122178,66],{"class":58},[44,122180,1012],{"class":235},[44,122182,3459],{"class":239},[44,122184,1018],{"class":235},[44,122186,66],{"class":58},[44,122188,1012],{"class":235},[44,122190,32571],{"class":239},[44,122192,1018],{"class":235},[44,122194,3006],{"class":58},[20,122196,122197],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[131,122199,596],{"id":595},[20,122201,122202,21323,122204,86],{},[15,122203,47043],{},[30,122205,122206],{},"new string",[20,122208,10822],{},[145,122210,122211,122214,122217],{},[148,122212,122213],{},"It always returns a string",[148,122215,122216],{},"It does not modify the original object",[148,122218,7136,122219,122223],{},[167,122220,122221],{"href":1669},[15,122222,1672],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122225,1578],{},[35,122227,122229],{"className":37,"code":122228,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122230,122231,122239,122254,122258,122269],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122232,122233,122235,122237],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122234,1817],{"class":50},[44,122236,55],{"class":54},[44,122238,13484],{"class":62},[44,122240,122241,122244,122246,122248,122250,122252],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,122242,122243],{"class":50},"converted ",[44,122245,55],{"class":54},[44,122247,48264],{"class":121},[44,122249,103],{"class":58},[44,122251,1843],{"class":89},[44,122253,108],{"class":58},[44,122255,122256],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,122257,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,122259,122260,122262,122264,122267],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,122261,100],{"class":99},[44,122263,103],{"class":58},[44,122265,122266],{"class":89},"converted",[44,122268,108],{"class":58},[44,122270,122271,122273,122275,122277,122279,122281],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,122272,100],{"class":99},[44,122274,103],{"class":58},[44,122276,985],{"class":121},[44,122278,103],{"class":58},[44,122280,122266],{"class":89},[44,122282,993],{"class":58},[20,122284,122285],{},[30,122286,111],{},[35,122288,122290],{"className":37,"code":122289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122291,122292,122297],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122293,122294],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122295,122296],{"class":62},"99\n",[44,122298,122299,122301,122303,122305,122307,122309],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,122300,1005],{"class":54},[44,122302,1009],{"class":1008},[44,122304,1012],{"class":235},[44,122306,2812],{"class":239},[44,122308,1018],{"class":235},[44,122310,1021],{"class":54},[131,122312,112972],{"id":112971},[20,122314,122315,122316,74176],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122317,47043],{},[145,122319,122320,122323,122326,122331],{},[148,122321,122322],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[148,122324,122325],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[148,122327,350,122328,122330],{},[15,122329,47043],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[148,122332,122333],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,122335,122336,122337,86],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[167,122338,25028,122339],{"href":89766},[15,122340,89767],{},[131,122342,122344],{"id":122343},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,122346,122347],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[35,122349,122351],{"className":37,"code":122350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122352,122353,122361,122365,122375,122389,122393,122407,122417],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122354,122355,122357,122359],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122356,1817],{"class":50},[44,122358,55],{"class":54},[44,122360,44584],{"class":62},[44,122362,122363],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,122364,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,122366,122367,122369,122371,122373],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,122368,100],{"class":99},[44,122370,103],{"class":58},[44,122372,1843],{"class":89},[44,122374,108],{"class":58},[44,122376,122377,122379,122381,122383,122385,122387],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,122378,100],{"class":99},[44,122380,103],{"class":58},[44,122382,985],{"class":121},[44,122384,103],{"class":58},[44,122386,1843],{"class":89},[44,122388,993],{"class":58},[44,122390,122391],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,122392,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,122394,122395,122397,122399,122401,122403,122405],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,122396,122243],{"class":50},[44,122398,55],{"class":54},[44,122400,48264],{"class":121},[44,122402,103],{"class":58},[44,122404,1843],{"class":89},[44,122406,108],{"class":58},[44,122408,122409,122411,122413,122415],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,122410,100],{"class":99},[44,122412,103],{"class":58},[44,122414,122266],{"class":89},[44,122416,108],{"class":58},[44,122418,122419,122421,122423,122425,122427,122429],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,122420,100],{"class":99},[44,122422,103],{"class":58},[44,122424,985],{"class":121},[44,122426,103],{"class":58},[44,122428,122266],{"class":89},[44,122430,993],{"class":58},[20,122432,122433,122434,1559,122436,122438,122439,86],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,122435,1558],{},[15,122437,1562],{},", or another type into ",[15,122440,2812],{},[131,122442,1196],{"id":1195},[347,122444,1200,122446,1203],{"id":122445},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,122447,47043],{},[20,122449,122450],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[347,122452,1212,122454,122456],{"id":122453},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,122455,47043],{}," change the original variable?",[20,122458,122459],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[347,122461,4538,122463,122465],{"id":122462},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,122464,47043],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,122467,122468],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[347,122470,93951,122472,122474],{"id":122471},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,122473,47043],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,122476,122477],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[347,122479,14257,122481,56565,122483,1239],{"id":122480},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,122482,47043],{},[15,122484,45811],{},[20,122486,45724,122487,122489,122490,122492],{},[15,122488,47043],{}," converts to text. ",[15,122491,45811],{}," shows output.",[131,122494,1251],{"id":1250},[145,122496,122497,122503,122509,122515,122521,122530,122534],{},[148,122498,122499],{},[167,122500,122501,2878],{"href":45808},[15,122502,45811],{},[148,122504,122505],{},[167,122506,122507,2878],{"href":1669},[15,122508,1672],{},[148,122510,122511],{},[167,122512,122513,2878],{"href":2245},[15,122514,2248],{},[148,122516,122517],{},[167,122518,122519,2878],{"href":2251},[15,122520,2254],{},[148,122522,122523],{},[167,122524,122526,122527,122529],{"href":122525},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,122528,1558],{}," to string in Python",[148,122531,122532],{},[167,122533,90044],{"href":89053},[148,122535,122536],{},[167,122537,29696,122538],{"href":89766},[15,122539,89767],{},[1294,122541,122542],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":122544},[122545,122546,122548,122549,122555,122557,122559,122561,122570,122571,122572,122573,122585],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":120963,"depth":80,"text":122547},"What str() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":121130,"depth":80,"text":121131,"children":122550},[122551,122552,122553,122554],{"id":121134,"depth":96,"text":121135},{"id":121220,"depth":96,"text":121221},{"id":121307,"depth":96,"text":121308},{"id":121393,"depth":96,"text":121394},{"id":121509,"depth":80,"text":122556},"When to use str()",{"id":121640,"depth":80,"text":122558},"str() vs print()",{"id":121809,"depth":80,"text":122560},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":783,"depth":80,"text":784,"children":122562},[122563,122565,122566,122568],{"id":121847,"depth":96,"text":122564},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":121982,"depth":96,"text":121983},{"id":122044,"depth":96,"text":122567},"Using str() too early",{"id":122102,"depth":96,"text":122569},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":595,"depth":80,"text":596},{"id":112971,"depth":80,"text":112972},{"id":122343,"depth":80,"text":122344},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":122574},[122575,122577,122579,122581,122583],{"id":122445,"depth":96,"text":122576},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122453,"depth":96,"text":122578},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122462,"depth":96,"text":122580},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122471,"depth":96,"text":122582},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":122480,"depth":96,"text":122584},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":41533,"description":122586},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":122593,"title":122594,"body":122595,"description":124048,"extension":1331,"meta":124049,"navigation":268,"path":124050,"seo":124051,"stem":124052,"__hash__":124053},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":122596,"toc":124010},[122597,122603,122609,122612,122634,122636,122698,122700,122713,122719,122724,122729,122731,122744,122755,122757,122784,122786,122803,122810,122821,122823,122828,122830,122842,122850,122859,122861,122864,122917,122919,122927,122935,122939,122944,122984,122986,122994,122997,122999,123039,123041,123049,123059,123065,123068,123141,123143,123156,123160,123165,123193,123196,123231,123233,123241,123244,123248,123252,123254,123270,123272,123312,123314,123322,123331,123374,123376,123384,123386,123390,123396,123399,123439,123441,123449,123454,123457,123500,123504,123507,123542,123547,123549,123588,123598,123606,123616,123624,123628,123633,123635,123676,123678,123686,123691,123694,123697,123715,123721,123725,123730,123733,123773,123775,123780,123879,123882,123898,123900,123919,123921,123928,123931,123937,123940,123946,123950,123956,123959,123965,123968,123970,124007],[10,122598,122600,122601,18],{"id":122599},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,122602,56650],{},[20,122604,122605,122606,122608],{},"The Python string ",[15,122607,56650],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,122610,122611],{},"This reference page explains:",[145,122613,122614,122618,122621,122623,122631],{},[148,122615,25367,122616,137],{},[15,122617,56650],{},[148,122619,122620],{},"its syntax",[148,122622,34747],{},[148,122624,122625,122626,342,122628,122630],{},"how ",[15,122627,35426],{},[15,122629,52022],{}," work",[148,122632,122633],{},"common beginner mistakes",[131,122635,1372],{"id":1371},[35,122637,122639],{"className":37,"code":122638,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,122640,122641,122653,122675],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122642,122643,122645,122647,122649,122651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122644,34039],{"class":50},[44,122646,55],{"class":54},[44,122648,247],{"class":235},[44,122650,3459],{"class":239},[44,122652,2727],{"class":235},[44,122654,122655,122657,122659,122661,122663,122665,122667,122669,122671,122673],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,122656,100],{"class":99},[44,122658,103],{"class":58},[44,122660,34060],{"class":89},[44,122662,86],{"class":58},[44,122664,40616],{"class":89},[44,122666,103],{"class":58},[44,122668,236],{"class":235},[44,122670,167],{"class":239},[44,122672,236],{"class":235},[44,122674,993],{"class":58},[44,122676,122677,122679,122681,122683,122685,122687,122689,122691,122694,122696],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,122678,100],{"class":99},[44,122680,103],{"class":58},[44,122682,34060],{"class":89},[44,122684,86],{"class":58},[44,122686,40616],{"class":89},[44,122688,103],{"class":58},[44,122690,236],{"class":235},[44,122692,122693],{"class":239},"na",[44,122695,236],{"class":235},[44,122697,993],{"class":58},[20,122699,111],{},[35,122701,122703],{"className":37,"code":122702,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n2\n",[15,122704,122705,122709],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122706,122707],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122708,45976],{"class":62},[44,122710,122711],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,122712,16406],{"class":62},[20,122714,1462,122715,122718],{},[15,122716,122717],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[131,122720,12353,122722,12356],{"id":122721},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,122723,56650],{},[20,122725,122726,122728],{},[15,122727,56650],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,122730,197],{},[145,122732,122733,122736,122739,122741],{},[148,122734,122735],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[148,122737,122738],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[148,122740,43016],{},[148,122742,122743],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,122745,122746,122747,122749,122750,1559,122752,122754],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,122748,17443],{}," characters are in ",[15,122751,64636],{},[15,122753,56650],{}," is a simple choice.",[131,122756,175],{"id":174},[35,122758,122760],{"className":37,"code":122759,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,122761,122762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122763,122764,122766,122768,122770,122772,122774,122776,122778,122780,122782],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122765,60535],{"class":50},[44,122767,86],{"class":58},[44,122769,40616],{"class":89},[44,122771,103],{"class":58},[44,122773,1843],{"class":89},[44,122775,66],{"class":58},[44,122777,35405],{"class":89},[44,122779,66],{"class":58},[44,122781,64402],{"class":89},[44,122783,108],{"class":58},[347,122785,16745],{"id":16744},[145,122787,122788,122793,122798],{},[148,122789,122790,122792],{},[15,122791,1843],{},": the text to search for",[148,122794,122795,122797],{},[15,122796,35426],{},": optional; where counting begins",[148,122799,122800,122802],{},[15,122801,52022],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,122804,122805,342,122807,122809],{},[15,122806,35426],{},[15,122808,52022],{}," work like slice positions:",[145,122811,122812,122817],{},[148,122813,122814,122816],{},[15,122815,35426],{}," is included",[148,122818,122819,75102],{},[15,122820,52022],{},[131,122822,596],{"id":595},[20,122824,122825,122827],{},[15,122826,56650],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,122829,1496],{},[145,122831,122832,122837],{},[148,122833,122834,122835],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,122836,1432],{},[148,122838,122839,122840],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,122841,1490],{},[20,122843,40262,122844,4529,122846,945,122848,86],{},[30,122845,604],{},[15,122847,2974],{},[15,122849,3046],{},[20,122851,122852,122853,122858],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[167,122854,122856,100846],{"href":122855},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,122857,3252],{}," is often a better fit.",[131,122860,215],{"id":214},[20,122862,122863],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[35,122865,122867],{"className":37,"code":122866,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,122868,122869,122881,122903,122907],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122870,122871,122873,122875,122877,122879],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122872,34039],{"class":50},[44,122874,55],{"class":54},[44,122876,247],{"class":235},[44,122878,3450],{"class":239},[44,122880,2727],{"class":235},[44,122882,122883,122885,122887,122889,122891,122893,122895,122897,122899,122901],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,122884,644],{"class":50},[44,122886,55],{"class":54},[44,122888,42199],{"class":50},[44,122890,86],{"class":58},[44,122892,40616],{"class":89},[44,122894,103],{"class":58},[44,122896,236],{"class":235},[44,122898,20],{"class":239},[44,122900,236],{"class":235},[44,122902,108],{"class":58},[44,122904,122905],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,122906,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,122908,122909,122911,122913,122915],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,122910,100],{"class":99},[44,122912,103],{"class":58},[44,122914,668],{"class":89},[44,122916,108],{"class":58},[20,122918,111],{},[35,122920,122921],{"className":37,"code":16406,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,122922,122923],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122924,122925],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122926,16406],{"class":62},[20,122928,63181,122929,122932,122933,86],{},[15,122930,122931],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,122934,57193],{},[131,122936,122938],{"id":122937},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,122940,122941,122943],{},[15,122942,56650],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[35,122945,122947],{"className":37,"code":122946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,122948,122949,122962],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122950,122951,122953,122955,122957,122960],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122952,34039],{"class":50},[44,122954,55],{"class":54},[44,122956,247],{"class":235},[44,122958,122959],{"class":239},"cat dog cat bird cat",[44,122961,2727],{"class":235},[44,122963,122964,122966,122968,122970,122972,122974,122976,122978,122980,122982],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,122965,100],{"class":99},[44,122967,103],{"class":58},[44,122969,34060],{"class":89},[44,122971,86],{"class":58},[44,122973,40616],{"class":89},[44,122975,103],{"class":58},[44,122977,236],{"class":235},[44,122979,36401],{"class":239},[44,122981,236],{"class":235},[44,122983,993],{"class":58},[20,122985,111],{},[35,122987,122988],{"className":37,"code":45976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,122989,122990],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122991,122992],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122993,45976],{"class":62},[20,122995,122996],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,122998,1578],{},[35,123000,123002],{"className":37,"code":123001,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123003,123004,123017],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123005,123006,123008,123010,123012,123015],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123007,34039],{"class":50},[44,123009,55],{"class":54},[44,123011,247],{"class":235},[44,123013,123014],{"class":239},"one One one",[44,123016,2727],{"class":235},[44,123018,123019,123021,123023,123025,123027,123029,123031,123033,123035,123037],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,123020,100],{"class":99},[44,123022,103],{"class":58},[44,123024,34060],{"class":89},[44,123026,86],{"class":58},[44,123028,40616],{"class":89},[44,123030,103],{"class":58},[44,123032,236],{"class":235},[44,123034,5956],{"class":239},[44,123036,236],{"class":235},[44,123038,993],{"class":58},[20,123040,111],{},[35,123042,123043],{"className":37,"code":16406,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123044,123045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123046,123047],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123048,16406],{"class":62},[20,123050,123051,123052,123055,123056,123058],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123053,123054],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123057,56650],{}," is case-sensitive.",[131,123060,350,123061,342,123063],{"id":64768},[15,123062,35426],{},[15,123064,52022],{},[20,123066,123067],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[35,123069,123071],{"className":37,"code":123070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123072,123073,123085,123111],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123074,123075,123077,123079,123081,123083],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123076,34039],{"class":50},[44,123078,55],{"class":54},[44,123080,247],{"class":235},[44,123082,3459],{"class":239},[44,123084,2727],{"class":235},[44,123086,123087,123089,123091,123093,123095,123097,123099,123101,123103,123105,123107,123109],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,123088,100],{"class":99},[44,123090,103],{"class":58},[44,123092,34060],{"class":89},[44,123094,86],{"class":58},[44,123096,40616],{"class":89},[44,123098,103],{"class":58},[44,123100,236],{"class":235},[44,123102,167],{"class":239},[44,123104,236],{"class":235},[44,123106,66],{"class":58},[44,123108,69],{"class":62},[44,123110,993],{"class":58},[44,123112,123113,123115,123117,123119,123121,123123,123125,123127,123129,123131,123133,123135,123137,123139],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,123114,100],{"class":99},[44,123116,103],{"class":58},[44,123118,34060],{"class":89},[44,123120,86],{"class":58},[44,123122,40616],{"class":89},[44,123124,103],{"class":58},[44,123126,236],{"class":235},[44,123128,167],{"class":239},[44,123130,236],{"class":235},[44,123132,66],{"class":58},[44,123134,69],{"class":62},[44,123136,66],{"class":58},[44,123138,3975],{"class":62},[44,123140,993],{"class":58},[20,123142,111],{},[35,123144,123146],{"className":37,"code":123145,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n1\n",[15,123147,123148,123152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123149,123150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123151,16406],{"class":62},[44,123153,123154],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,123155,46276],{"class":62},[347,123157,123159],{"id":123158},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123161,123162,123163,2255],{},"In ",[15,123164,64636],{},[145,123166,123167,123175,123183],{},[148,123168,70327,123169,123171,123172],{},[15,123170,1426],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123173,123174],{},"\"n\"",[148,123176,123177,123180,123181,75400],{},[15,123178,123179],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123182,1426],{},[148,123184,123185,123180,123188,123190,123191],{},[15,123186,123187],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123189,1426],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123192,1507],{},[20,123194,123195],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[35,123197,123199],{"className":37,"code":123198,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123200,123201,123213],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123202,123203,123205,123207,123209,123211],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123204,34039],{"class":50},[44,123206,55],{"class":54},[44,123208,247],{"class":235},[44,123210,3459],{"class":239},[44,123212,2727],{"class":235},[44,123214,123215,123217,123219,123221,123223,123225,123227,123229],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,123216,100],{"class":99},[44,123218,103],{"class":58},[44,123220,34060],{"class":89},[44,123222,3270],{"class":58},[44,123224,1426],{"class":62},[44,123226,2255],{"class":58},[44,123228,1507],{"class":62},[44,123230,3258],{"class":58},[20,123232,111],{},[35,123234,123235],{"className":37,"code":40825,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123236,123237],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123238,123239],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123240,40825],{"class":50},[20,123242,123243],{},"Only that section is searched.",[131,123245,123247],{"id":123246},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123249,123250,123058],{},[15,123251,56650],{},[20,123253,1477],{},[145,123255,123256,123264],{},[148,123257,123258,342,123260,123263],{},[15,123259,17443],{},[15,123261,123262],{},"\"A\""," are different",[148,123265,123266,342,123268,123263],{},[15,123267,63896],{},[15,123269,89779],{},[20,123271,1578],{},[35,123273,123275],{"className":37,"code":123274,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123276,123277,123290],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123278,123279,123281,123283,123285,123288],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123280,34039],{"class":50},[44,123282,55],{"class":54},[44,123284,247],{"class":235},[44,123286,123287],{"class":239},"Apple apple APPLE",[44,123289,2727],{"class":235},[44,123291,123292,123294,123296,123298,123300,123302,123304,123306,123308,123310],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,123293,100],{"class":99},[44,123295,103],{"class":58},[44,123297,34060],{"class":89},[44,123299,86],{"class":58},[44,123301,40616],{"class":89},[44,123303,103],{"class":58},[44,123305,236],{"class":235},[44,123307,3450],{"class":239},[44,123309,236],{"class":235},[44,123311,993],{"class":58},[20,123313,111],{},[35,123315,123316],{"className":37,"code":46276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123317,123318],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123319,123320],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123321,46276],{"class":62},[20,123323,123324,123325,2255],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[167,123326,123328],{"href":123327},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,123329,123330],{},"lower()",[35,123332,123334],{"className":37,"code":123333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123335,123336,123348],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123337,123338,123340,123342,123344,123346],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123339,34039],{"class":50},[44,123341,55],{"class":54},[44,123343,247],{"class":235},[44,123345,123287],{"class":239},[44,123347,2727],{"class":235},[44,123349,123350,123352,123354,123356,123358,123360,123362,123364,123366,123368,123370,123372],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,123351,100],{"class":99},[44,123353,103],{"class":58},[44,123355,34060],{"class":89},[44,123357,86],{"class":58},[44,123359,8014],{"class":89},[44,123361,8011],{"class":58},[44,123363,40616],{"class":89},[44,123365,103],{"class":58},[44,123367,236],{"class":235},[44,123369,3450],{"class":239},[44,123371,236],{"class":235},[44,123373,993],{"class":58},[20,123375,111],{},[35,123377,123378],{"className":37,"code":45976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123379,123380],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123381,123382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123383,45976],{"class":62},[131,123385,2200],{"id":2199},[20,123387,22442,123388,86],{},[15,123389,56650],{},[347,123391,923,123393,123395],{"id":123392},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,123394,56650],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,123397,123398],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[35,123400,123402],{"className":37,"code":123401,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123403,123404,123417],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123405,123406,123408,123410,123412,123415],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123407,34039],{"class":50},[44,123409,55],{"class":54},[44,123411,247],{"class":235},[44,123413,123414],{"class":239},"Aardvark",[44,123416,2727],{"class":235},[44,123418,123419,123421,123423,123425,123427,123429,123431,123433,123435,123437],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,123420,100],{"class":99},[44,123422,103],{"class":58},[44,123424,34060],{"class":89},[44,123426,86],{"class":58},[44,123428,40616],{"class":89},[44,123430,103],{"class":58},[44,123432,236],{"class":235},[44,123434,167],{"class":239},[44,123436,236],{"class":235},[44,123438,993],{"class":58},[20,123440,111],{},[35,123442,123443],{"className":37,"code":16406,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123444,123445],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123446,123447],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123448,16406],{"class":62},[20,123450,123051,123451,123453],{},[15,123452,123262],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,123455,123456],{},"If needed, convert first:",[35,123458,123460],{"className":37,"code":123459,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123461,123462,123474],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123463,123464,123466,123468,123470,123472],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123465,34039],{"class":50},[44,123467,55],{"class":54},[44,123469,247],{"class":235},[44,123471,123414],{"class":239},[44,123473,2727],{"class":235},[44,123475,123476,123478,123480,123482,123484,123486,123488,123490,123492,123494,123496,123498],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,123477,100],{"class":99},[44,123479,103],{"class":58},[44,123481,34060],{"class":89},[44,123483,86],{"class":58},[44,123485,8014],{"class":89},[44,123487,8011],{"class":58},[44,123489,40616],{"class":89},[44,123491,103],{"class":58},[44,123493,236],{"class":235},[44,123495,167],{"class":239},[44,123497,236],{"class":235},[44,123499,993],{"class":58},[347,123501,123503],{"id":123502},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,123505,123506],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[35,123508,123510],{"className":37,"code":123509,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,123511,123512,123524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123513,123514,123516,123518,123520,123522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123515,34039],{"class":50},[44,123517,55],{"class":54},[44,123519,247],{"class":235},[44,123521,3459],{"class":239},[44,123523,2727],{"class":235},[44,123525,123526,123528,123530,123532,123534,123536,123538,123540],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,123527,100],{"class":99},[44,123529,103],{"class":58},[44,123531,34060],{"class":89},[44,123533,86],{"class":58},[44,123535,40616],{"class":89},[44,123537,103],{"class":58},[44,123539,167],{"class":89},[44,123541,993],{"class":58},[20,123543,123544,123545,86],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,123546,167],{},[20,123548,10174],{},[35,123550,123552],{"className":37,"code":123551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123553,123554,123566],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123555,123556,123558,123560,123562,123564],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123557,34039],{"class":50},[44,123559,55],{"class":54},[44,123561,247],{"class":235},[44,123563,3459],{"class":239},[44,123565,2727],{"class":235},[44,123567,123568,123570,123572,123574,123576,123578,123580,123582,123584,123586],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,123569,100],{"class":99},[44,123571,103],{"class":58},[44,123573,34060],{"class":89},[44,123575,86],{"class":58},[44,123577,40616],{"class":89},[44,123579,103],{"class":58},[44,123581,236],{"class":235},[44,123583,167],{"class":239},[44,123585,236],{"class":235},[44,123587,993],{"class":58},[347,123589,36558,123591,8078,123593,945,123596],{"id":123590},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,123592,56650],{},[15,123594,123595],{},"find()",[15,123597,58328],{},[20,123599,1462,123600,123602,123603,86],{},[15,123601,56650],{}," when you need the ",[30,123604,123605],{},"number of matches",[20,123607,1462,123608,123602,123613,123615],{},[167,123609,123611],{"href":123610},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,123612,123595],{},[30,123614,64308],{}," of the first match.",[20,123617,1462,123618,123623],{},[167,123619,123621],{"href":123620},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,123622,58328],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[347,123625,123627],{"id":123626},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,123629,123630,123632],{},[15,123631,56650],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,123634,1578],{},[35,123636,123638],{"className":37,"code":123637,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,123639,123640,123653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123641,123642,123644,123646,123648,123651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123643,34039],{"class":50},[44,123645,55],{"class":54},[44,123647,247],{"class":235},[44,123649,123650],{"class":239},"aaaa",[44,123652,2727],{"class":235},[44,123654,123655,123657,123659,123661,123663,123665,123667,123669,123672,123674],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,123656,100],{"class":99},[44,123658,103],{"class":58},[44,123660,34060],{"class":89},[44,123662,86],{"class":58},[44,123664,40616],{"class":89},[44,123666,103],{"class":58},[44,123668,236],{"class":235},[44,123670,123671],{"class":239},"aa",[44,123673,236],{"class":235},[44,123675,993],{"class":58},[20,123677,111],{},[35,123679,123680],{"className":37,"code":16406,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123681,123682],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123683,123684],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123685,16406],{"class":62},[20,123687,123688,123689,86],{},"It does not return ",[15,123690,1432],{},[20,123692,123693],{},"Why not?",[20,123695,123696],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[145,123698,123699,123708],{},[148,123700,123701,123704,123705],{},[15,123702,123703],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,123706,123707],{},"0-1",[148,123709,123710,123704,123712],{},[15,123711,123703],{},[15,123713,123714],{},"2-3",[20,123716,123717,123718,86],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,123719,123720],{},"1-2",[131,123722,4331,123723],{"id":57733},[15,123724,56650],{},[20,123726,1462,123727,123729],{},[15,123728,56650],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,123731,123732],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[145,123734,123735,123744,123754,123764],{},[148,123736,1462,123737,123739,123740,123743],{},[15,123738,56650],{}," when you need ",[30,123741,123742],{},"how many times"," something appears",[148,123745,1462,123746,123739,123750,123753],{},[167,123747,123748],{"href":123610},[15,123749,123595],{},[30,123751,123752],{},"where"," it appears",[148,123755,47170,123756,123760,123761],{},[167,123757,123758,100846],{"href":122855},[15,123759,3252],{}," when you only need to know ",[30,123762,123763],{},"if it exists",[148,123765,1462,123766,123772],{},[167,123767,123769],{"href":123768},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,123770,123771],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[131,123774,25290],{"id":25289},[20,123776,8245,123777,123779],{},[15,123778,56650],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[35,123781,123783],{"className":37,"code":123782,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123784,123785,123795,123809,123831,123857],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123786,123787,123789,123791,123793],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123788,100],{"class":99},[44,123790,103],{"class":58},[44,123792,34060],{"class":89},[44,123794,108],{"class":58},[44,123796,123797,123799,123801,123803,123805,123807],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,123798,100],{"class":99},[44,123800,103],{"class":58},[44,123802,985],{"class":121},[44,123804,103],{"class":58},[44,123806,34060],{"class":89},[44,123808,993],{"class":58},[44,123810,123811,123813,123815,123817,123819,123821,123823,123825,123827,123829],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,123812,100],{"class":99},[44,123814,103],{"class":58},[44,123816,34060],{"class":89},[44,123818,86],{"class":58},[44,123820,40616],{"class":89},[44,123822,103],{"class":58},[44,123824,236],{"class":235},[44,123826,167],{"class":239},[44,123828,236],{"class":235},[44,123830,993],{"class":58},[44,123832,123833,123835,123837,123839,123841,123843,123845,123847,123849,123851,123853,123855],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,123834,100],{"class":99},[44,123836,103],{"class":58},[44,123838,34060],{"class":89},[44,123840,86],{"class":58},[44,123842,8014],{"class":89},[44,123844,8011],{"class":58},[44,123846,40616],{"class":89},[44,123848,103],{"class":58},[44,123850,236],{"class":235},[44,123852,167],{"class":239},[44,123854,236],{"class":235},[44,123856,993],{"class":58},[44,123858,123859,123861,123863,123865,123867,123869,123871,123873,123875,123877],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,123860,100],{"class":99},[44,123862,103],{"class":58},[44,123864,34060],{"class":89},[44,123866,86],{"class":58},[44,123868,40616],{"class":89},[44,123870,103],{"class":58},[44,123872,236],{"class":235},[44,123874,122693],{"class":239},[44,123876,236],{"class":235},[44,123878,993],{"class":58},[20,123880,123881],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[145,123883,123884,123887,123892,123895],{},[148,123885,123886],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[148,123888,123889,123891],{},[15,123890,34060],{}," not being a string",[148,123893,123894],{},"counting the wrong substring",[148,123896,123897],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,123899,58222],{},[145,123901,123902,123905,123908,123911],{},[148,123903,123904],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[148,123906,123907],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[148,123909,123910],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[148,123912,49852,123913,43988,123915,945,123917,72672],{},[15,123914,56650],{},[15,123916,123595],{},[15,123918,3252],{},[131,123920,1196],{"id":1195},[347,123922,123924,123925,123927],{"id":123923},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,123926,56650],{}," change the original string?",[20,123929,123930],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[347,123932,14257,123934,123936],{"id":123933},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,123935,56650],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,123938,123939],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[347,123941,1200,123943,123945],{"id":123942},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,123944,56650],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,123947,608,123948,86],{},[15,123949,1490],{},[347,123951,4538,123953,123955],{"id":123952},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,123954,56650],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,123957,123958],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[347,123960,1212,123962,123964],{"id":123961},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,123963,56650],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,123966,123967],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[131,123969,1251],{"id":1250},[145,123971,123972,123979,123986,123993,124000],{},[148,123973,123974],{},[167,123975,123976],{"href":123610},[15,123977,123978],{},"Python string find() method",[148,123980,123981],{},[167,123982,123983],{"href":123620},[15,123984,123985],{},"Python string index() method",[148,123987,123988],{},[167,123989,123990],{"href":123327},[15,123991,123992],{},"Python string lower() method",[148,123994,123995],{},[167,123996,123997],{"href":122855},[15,123998,123999],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[148,124001,124002],{},[167,124003,124004],{"href":123768},[15,124005,124006],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1294,124008,124009],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":124011},[124012,124013,124015,124018,124019,124020,124021,124024,124025,124033,124034,124035,124047],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":122721,"depth":80,"text":124014},"What the count() method does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175,"children":124016},[124017],{"id":16744,"depth":96,"text":16745},{"id":595,"depth":80,"text":596},{"id":214,"depth":80,"text":215},{"id":122937,"depth":80,"text":122938},{"id":64768,"depth":80,"text":65551,"children":124022},[124023],{"id":123158,"depth":96,"text":123159},{"id":123246,"depth":80,"text":123247},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200,"children":124026},[124027,124029,124030,124032],{"id":123392,"depth":96,"text":124028},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":123502,"depth":96,"text":123503},{"id":123590,"depth":96,"text":124031},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":123626,"depth":96,"text":123627},{"id":57733,"depth":80,"text":58364},{"id":25289,"depth":80,"text":25290},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":124036},[124037,124039,124041,124043,124045],{"id":123923,"depth":96,"text":124038},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":123933,"depth":96,"text":124040},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":123942,"depth":96,"text":124042},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":123952,"depth":96,"text":124044},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":123961,"depth":96,"text":124046},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":122594,"description":124048},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124055,"title":124056,"body":124057,"description":125642,"extension":1331,"meta":125643,"navigation":268,"path":125644,"seo":125645,"stem":125646,"__hash__":125647},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124058,"toc":125615},[124059,124062,124065,124162,124171,124173,124192,124196,124199,124202,124215,124218,124247,124252,124257,124315,124317,124350,124356,124360,124363,124366,124395,124398,124425,124428,124431,124435,124438,124445,124508,124510,124528,124531,124535,124538,124541,124583,124586,124630,124633,124636,124640,124645,124648,124691,124693,124716,124719,124752,124755,124804,124814,124818,124821,124824,124853,124856,124867,124869,124928,124931,124935,124938,124941,124956,124965,124968,125002,125005,125032,125035,125042,125044,125047,125049,125052,125066,125075,125077,125104,125108,125111,125125,125128,125187,125191,125194,125221,125224,125251,125259,125262,125322,125324,125357,125361,125364,125383,125388,125437,125442,125444,125447,125506,125524,125526,125530,125538,125542,125545,125549,125555,125559,125569,125573,125576,125578,125612],[10,124060,124056],{"id":124061},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124063,124064],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[35,124066,124068],{"className":37,"code":124067,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124069,124070,124082,124094,124103,124117,124121,124131,124141,124152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124071,124072,124074,124076,124078,124080],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124073,7249],{"class":50},[44,124075,55],{"class":54},[44,124077,247],{"class":235},[44,124079,4374],{"class":239},[44,124081,2727],{"class":235},[44,124083,124084,124086,124088,124090,124092],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124085,89368],{"class":50},[44,124087,55],{"class":54},[44,124089,1012],{"class":235},[44,124091,34219],{"class":239},[44,124093,29048],{"class":235},[44,124095,124096,124099,124101],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,124097,124098],{"class":50},"empty ",[44,124100,55],{"class":54},[44,124102,7254],{"class":235},[44,124104,124105,124107,124109,124111,124113,124115],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,124106,34039],{"class":50},[44,124108,55],{"class":54},[44,124110,48264],{"class":121},[44,124112,103],{"class":58},[44,124114,49606],{"class":62},[44,124116,108],{"class":58},[44,124118,124119],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,124120,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,124122,124123,124125,124127,124129],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,124124,100],{"class":99},[44,124126,103],{"class":58},[44,124128,7041],{"class":89},[44,124130,108],{"class":58},[44,124132,124133,124135,124137,124139],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,124134,100],{"class":99},[44,124136,103],{"class":58},[44,124138,89385],{"class":89},[44,124140,108],{"class":58},[44,124142,124143,124145,124147,124150],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,124144,100],{"class":99},[44,124146,103],{"class":58},[44,124148,124149],{"class":89},"empty",[44,124151,108],{"class":58},[44,124153,124154,124156,124158,124160],{"class":46,"line":5802},[44,124155,100],{"class":99},[44,124157,103],{"class":58},[44,124159,34060],{"class":89},[44,124161,108],{"class":58},[20,124163,124164,124167,124168,124170],{},[30,124165,124166],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124169,47043],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[131,124172,14516],{"id":14515},[145,124174,124175,124178,124181,124184,124189],{},[148,124176,124177],{},"What a string is in Python",[148,124179,124180],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[148,124182,124183],{},"How to create an empty string",[148,124185,124186,124187],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124188,47043],{},[148,124190,124191],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[131,124193,124195],{"id":124194},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124197,124198],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124200,124201],{},"Strings can contain:",[145,124203,124204,124207,124209,124212],{},[148,124205,124206],{},"Letters",[148,124208,55821],{},[148,124210,124211],{},"Spaces",[148,124213,124214],{},"Symbols",[20,124216,124217],{},"Examples of strings:",[35,124219,124221],{"className":37,"code":124220,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124222,124223,124231,124239],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124224,124225,124227,124229],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124226,236],{"class":42686},[44,124228,3214],{"class":42690},[44,124230,2727],{"class":42686},[44,124232,124233,124235,124237],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124234,236],{"class":42686},[44,124236,49606],{"class":42690},[44,124238,2727],{"class":42686},[44,124240,124241,124243,124245],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,124242,236],{"class":42686},[44,124244,88510],{"class":42690},[44,124246,2727],{"class":42686},[20,124248,20325,124249,124251],{},[15,124250,49656],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124253,124254,124255,2255],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124256,1672],{},[35,124258,124260],{"className":37,"code":124259,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124261,124262,124274,124283,124287,124301],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124263,124264,124266,124268,124270,124272],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124265,34039],{"class":50},[44,124267,55],{"class":54},[44,124269,247],{"class":235},[44,124271,49606],{"class":239},[44,124273,2727],{"class":235},[44,124275,124276,124278,124280],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124277,1588],{"class":50},[44,124279,55],{"class":54},[44,124281,124282],{"class":62}," 123\n",[44,124284,124285],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,124286,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,124288,124289,124291,124293,124295,124297,124299],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,124290,100],{"class":99},[44,124292,103],{"class":58},[44,124294,985],{"class":121},[44,124296,103],{"class":58},[44,124298,34060],{"class":89},[44,124300,993],{"class":58},[44,124302,124303,124305,124307,124309,124311,124313],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,124304,100],{"class":99},[44,124306,103],{"class":58},[44,124308,985],{"class":121},[44,124310,103],{"class":58},[44,124312,1610],{"class":89},[44,124314,993],{"class":58},[20,124316,111],{},[35,124318,124320],{"className":37,"code":124319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124321,124322,124336],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124323,124324,124326,124328,124330,124332,124334],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124325,1005],{"class":54},[44,124327,1009],{"class":1008},[44,124329,1012],{"class":235},[44,124331,2812],{"class":239},[44,124333,1018],{"class":235},[44,124335,1021],{"class":54},[44,124337,124338,124340,124342,124344,124346,124348],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124339,1005],{"class":54},[44,124341,1009],{"class":1008},[44,124343,1012],{"class":235},[44,124345,1558],{"class":239},[44,124347,1018],{"class":235},[44,124349,1021],{"class":54},[20,124351,124352,124353,86],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[167,124354,124355],{"href":50336},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[131,124357,124359],{"id":124358},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124361,124362],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124364,124365],{},"You can use single quotes:",[35,124367,124369],{"className":37,"code":124368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124370,124371,124384],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124372,124373,124376,124378,124380,124382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124374,124375],{"class":50},"greeting ",[44,124377,55],{"class":54},[44,124379,1012],{"class":235},[44,124381,3214],{"class":239},[44,124383,29048],{"class":235},[44,124385,124386,124388,124390,124393],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124387,100],{"class":99},[44,124389,103],{"class":58},[44,124391,124392],{"class":89},"greeting",[44,124394,108],{"class":58},[20,124396,124397],{},"Or double quotes:",[35,124399,124401],{"className":37,"code":124400,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124402,124403,124415],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124404,124405,124407,124409,124411,124413],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124406,124375],{"class":50},[44,124408,55],{"class":54},[44,124410,247],{"class":235},[44,124412,3214],{"class":239},[44,124414,2727],{"class":235},[44,124416,124417,124419,124421,124423],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124418,100],{"class":99},[44,124420,103],{"class":58},[44,124422,124392],{"class":89},[44,124424,108],{"class":58},[20,124426,124427],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,124429,124430],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[131,124432,124434],{"id":124433},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,124436,124437],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,124439,124440,124441,945,124443,2255],{},"Use either ",[15,124442,5643],{},[15,124444,3144],{},[35,124446,124448],{"className":37,"code":124447,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,124449,124450,124459,124468,124472,124483,124494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124451,124452,124455,124457],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124453,124454],{"class":50},"empty1 ",[44,124456,55],{"class":54},[44,124458,7254],{"class":235},[44,124460,124461,124464,124466],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124462,124463],{"class":50},"empty2 ",[44,124465,55],{"class":54},[44,124467,46855],{"class":235},[44,124469,124470],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,124471,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,124473,124474,124476,124478,124481],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,124475,100],{"class":99},[44,124477,103],{"class":58},[44,124479,124480],{"class":89},"empty1",[44,124482,108],{"class":58},[44,124484,124485,124487,124489,124492],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,124486,100],{"class":99},[44,124488,103],{"class":58},[44,124490,124491],{"class":89},"empty2",[44,124493,108],{"class":58},[44,124495,124496,124498,124500,124502,124504,124506],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,124497,100],{"class":99},[44,124499,103],{"class":58},[44,124501,985],{"class":121},[44,124503,103],{"class":58},[44,124505,124480],{"class":89},[44,124507,993],{"class":58},[20,124509,111],{},[35,124511,124512],{"className":37,"code":45129,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124513,124514],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124515,124516,124518,124520,124522,124524,124526],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124517,1005],{"class":54},[44,124519,1009],{"class":1008},[44,124521,1012],{"class":235},[44,124523,2812],{"class":239},[44,124525,1018],{"class":235},[44,124527,1021],{"class":54},[20,124529,124530],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[131,124532,124534],{"id":124533},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,124536,124537],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,124539,124540],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[35,124542,124544],{"className":37,"code":124543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124545,124546,124557,124562,124569,124573],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124547,124548,124550,124552,124555],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124549,89368],{"class":50},[44,124551,55],{"class":54},[44,124553,124554],{"class":235}," \"\"\"",[44,124556,88310],{"class":239},[44,124558,124559],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124560,124561],{"class":239},"Welcome to Python\n",[44,124563,124564,124567],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,124565,124566],{"class":239},"Have a nice day",[44,124568,42694],{"class":235},[44,124570,124571],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,124572,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,124574,124575,124577,124579,124581],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,124576,100],{"class":99},[44,124578,103],{"class":58},[44,124580,89385],{"class":89},[44,124582,108],{"class":58},[20,124584,124585],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[35,124587,124589],{"className":37,"code":124588,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124590,124591,124603,124608,124616,124620],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124592,124593,124595,124597,124600],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124594,89368],{"class":50},[44,124596,55],{"class":54},[44,124598,124599],{"class":235}," '''",[44,124601,124602],{"class":239},"Line 1\n",[44,124604,124605],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124606,124607],{"class":239},"Line 2\n",[44,124609,124610,124613],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,124611,124612],{"class":239},"Line 3",[44,124614,124615],{"class":235},"'''\n",[44,124617,124618],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,124619,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,124621,124622,124624,124626,124628],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,124623,100],{"class":99},[44,124625,103],{"class":58},[44,124627,89385],{"class":89},[44,124629,108],{"class":58},[20,124631,124632],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,124634,124635],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[131,124637,124639],{"id":124638},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,124641,140,124642,124644],{},[15,124643,47043],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,124646,124647],{},"Example with a number:",[35,124649,124651],{"className":37,"code":124650,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,124652,124653,124667,124677],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124654,124655,124657,124659,124661,124663,124665],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124656,34039],{"class":50},[44,124658,55],{"class":54},[44,124660,48264],{"class":121},[44,124662,103],{"class":58},[44,124664,45885],{"class":62},[44,124666,108],{"class":58},[44,124668,124669,124671,124673,124675],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124670,100],{"class":99},[44,124672,103],{"class":58},[44,124674,34060],{"class":89},[44,124676,108],{"class":58},[44,124678,124679,124681,124683,124685,124687,124689],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,124680,100],{"class":99},[44,124682,103],{"class":58},[44,124684,985],{"class":121},[44,124686,103],{"class":58},[44,124688,34060],{"class":89},[44,124690,993],{"class":58},[20,124692,111],{},[35,124694,124696],{"className":37,"code":124695,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,124697,124698,124702],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124699,124700],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124701,45971],{"class":62},[44,124703,124704,124706,124708,124710,124712,124714],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124705,1005],{"class":54},[44,124707,1009],{"class":1008},[44,124709,1012],{"class":235},[44,124711,2812],{"class":239},[44,124713,1018],{"class":235},[44,124715,1021],{"class":54},[20,124717,124718],{},"You can also convert other values:",[35,124720,124722],{"className":37,"code":124721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,124723,124724,124738],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124725,124726,124728,124730,124732,124734,124736],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124727,100],{"class":99},[44,124729,103],{"class":58},[44,124731,2812],{"class":121},[44,124733,103],{"class":58},[44,124735,2974],{"class":692},[44,124737,993],{"class":58},[44,124739,124740,124742,124744,124746,124748,124750],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124741,100],{"class":99},[44,124743,103],{"class":58},[44,124745,2812],{"class":121},[44,124747,103],{"class":58},[44,124749,39499],{"class":62},[44,124751,993],{"class":58},[20,124753,124754],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[35,124756,124758],{"className":37,"code":124757,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124759,124760,124768,124790,124794],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124761,124762,124764,124766],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124763,20976],{"class":50},[44,124765,55],{"class":54},[44,124767,44584],{"class":62},[44,124769,124770,124772,124774,124776,124778,124780,124782,124784,124786,124788],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124771,89368],{"class":50},[44,124773,55],{"class":54},[44,124775,247],{"class":235},[44,124777,88786],{"class":239},[44,124779,236],{"class":235},[44,124781,1824],{"class":54},[44,124783,48264],{"class":121},[44,124785,103],{"class":58},[44,124787,8669],{"class":89},[44,124789,108],{"class":58},[44,124791,124792],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,124793,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,124795,124796,124798,124800,124802],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,124797,100],{"class":99},[44,124799,103],{"class":58},[44,124801,89385],{"class":89},[44,124803,108],{"class":58},[20,124805,124806,124807,945,124811,86],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[167,124808,2945,124809,2878],{"href":41532},[15,124810,47043],{},[167,124812,124813],{"href":122525},"how to convert int to string in Python",[131,124815,124817],{"id":124816},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,124819,124820],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,124822,124823],{},"Both of these are valid:",[35,124825,124827],{"className":37,"code":124826,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,124828,124829,124841],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124830,124831,124833,124835,124837,124839],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124832,1095],{"class":50},[44,124834,55],{"class":54},[44,124836,1012],{"class":235},[44,124838,6669],{"class":239},[44,124840,29048],{"class":235},[44,124842,124843,124845,124847,124849,124851],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124844,1122],{"class":50},[44,124846,55],{"class":54},[44,124848,247],{"class":235},[44,124850,6669],{"class":239},[44,124852,2727],{"class":235},[20,124854,124855],{},"A common rule is:",[145,124857,124858,124861,124864],{},[148,124859,124860],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[148,124862,124863],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[148,124865,124866],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,124868,1578],{},[35,124870,124872],{"className":37,"code":124871,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,124873,124874,124888,124902,124906,124917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124875,124876,124879,124881,124883,124886],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124877,124878],{"class":50},"text1 ",[44,124880,55],{"class":54},[44,124882,247],{"class":235},[44,124884,124885],{"class":239},"It's working",[44,124887,2727],{"class":235},[44,124889,124890,124893,124895,124897,124900],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124891,124892],{"class":50},"text2 ",[44,124894,55],{"class":54},[44,124896,1012],{"class":235},[44,124898,124899],{"class":239},"She said \"hello\"",[44,124901,29048],{"class":235},[44,124903,124904],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,124905,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,124907,124908,124910,124912,124915],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,124909,100],{"class":99},[44,124911,103],{"class":58},[44,124913,124914],{"class":89},"text1",[44,124916,108],{"class":58},[44,124918,124919,124921,124923,124926],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,124920,100],{"class":99},[44,124922,103],{"class":58},[44,124924,124925],{"class":89},"text2",[44,124927,108],{"class":58},[20,124929,124930],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[131,124932,124934],{"id":124933},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,124936,124937],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,124939,124940],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[35,124942,124944],{"className":37,"code":124943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,124945,124946,124951],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124947,124948],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124949,124950],{"class":3035},"# This will cause an error\n",[44,124952,124953],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124954,124955],{"class":3035},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,124957,124958,124959,34682,124961,124964],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,124960,1018],{},[15,124962,124963],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,124966,124967],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[35,124969,124971],{"className":37,"code":124970,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,124972,124973,124992],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124974,124975,124977,124979,124981,124984,124987,124990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124976,34039],{"class":50},[44,124978,55],{"class":54},[44,124980,1012],{"class":235},[44,124982,124983],{"class":239},"It",[44,124985,124986],{"class":33804},"\\'",[44,124988,124989],{"class":239},"s working",[44,124991,29048],{"class":235},[44,124993,124994,124996,124998,125000],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124995,100],{"class":99},[44,124997,103],{"class":58},[44,124999,34060],{"class":89},[44,125001,108],{"class":58},[20,125003,125004],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[35,125006,125008],{"className":37,"code":125007,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125009,125010,125022],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125011,125012,125014,125016,125018,125020],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125013,34039],{"class":50},[44,125015,55],{"class":54},[44,125017,247],{"class":235},[44,125019,124885],{"class":239},[44,125021,2727],{"class":235},[44,125023,125024,125026,125028,125030],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125025,100],{"class":99},[44,125027,103],{"class":58},[44,125029,34060],{"class":89},[44,125031,108],{"class":58},[20,125033,125034],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125036,125037,125038,86],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[167,125039,125041],{"href":125040},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[131,125043,2200],{"id":2199},[20,125045,125046],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[347,125048,89575],{"id":89574},[20,125050,125051],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[35,125053,125055],{"className":37,"code":125054,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125056,125057,125061],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125058,125059],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125060,124950],{"class":3035},[44,125062,125063],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125064,125065],{"class":3035},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125067,125068,125069,7975,125072,125074],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125070,125071],{},"NameError",[15,125073,4374],{}," is not defined.",[20,125076,10174],{},[35,125078,125080],{"className":37,"code":125079,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125081,125082,125094],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125083,125084,125086,125088,125090,125092],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125085,7249],{"class":50},[44,125087,55],{"class":54},[44,125089,247],{"class":235},[44,125091,4374],{"class":239},[44,125093,2727],{"class":235},[44,125095,125096,125098,125100,125102],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125097,100],{"class":99},[44,125099,103],{"class":58},[44,125101,7041],{"class":89},[44,125103,108],{"class":58},[347,125105,125107],{"id":125106},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125109,125110],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[35,125112,125114],{"className":37,"code":125113,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125115,125116,125120],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125117,125118],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125119,124950],{"class":3035},[44,125121,125122],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125123,125124],{"class":3035},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125126,125127],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[35,125129,125131],{"className":37,"code":125130,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125132,125133,125150,125163,125167,125177],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125134,125135,125137,125139,125141,125143,125145,125148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125136,124878],{"class":50},[44,125138,55],{"class":54},[44,125140,1012],{"class":235},[44,125142,124983],{"class":239},[44,125144,124986],{"class":33804},[44,125146,125147],{"class":239},"s good",[44,125149,29048],{"class":235},[44,125151,125152,125154,125156,125158,125161],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125153,124892],{"class":50},[44,125155,55],{"class":54},[44,125157,247],{"class":235},[44,125159,125160],{"class":239},"It's good",[44,125162,2727],{"class":235},[44,125164,125165],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,125166,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,125168,125169,125171,125173,125175],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,125170,100],{"class":99},[44,125172,103],{"class":58},[44,125174,124914],{"class":89},[44,125176,108],{"class":58},[44,125178,125179,125181,125183,125185],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,125180,100],{"class":99},[44,125182,103],{"class":58},[44,125184,124925],{"class":89},[44,125186,108],{"class":58},[347,125188,125190],{"id":125189},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125192,125193],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[35,125195,125197],{"className":37,"code":125196,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125198,125199,125211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125200,125201,125203,125205,125207,125209],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125202,34039],{"class":50},[44,125204,55],{"class":54},[44,125206,124554],{"class":235},[44,125208,3214],{"class":239},[44,125210,42694],{"class":235},[44,125212,125213,125215,125217,125219],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125214,100],{"class":99},[44,125216,103],{"class":58},[44,125218,34060],{"class":89},[44,125220,108],{"class":58},[20,125222,125223],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[35,125225,125227],{"className":37,"code":125226,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125228,125229,125241],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125230,125231,125233,125235,125237,125239],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125232,34039],{"class":50},[44,125234,55],{"class":54},[44,125236,247],{"class":235},[44,125238,3214],{"class":239},[44,125240,2727],{"class":235},[44,125242,125243,125245,125247,125249],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125244,100],{"class":99},[44,125246,103],{"class":58},[44,125248,34060],{"class":89},[44,125250,108],{"class":58},[347,125252,3949,125254,342,125256,125258],{"id":125253},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125255,49606],{},[15,125257,49656],{}," are the same type",[20,125260,125261],{},"They are different:",[35,125263,125265],{"className":37,"code":125264,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125266,125267,125276,125289,125293,125307],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125268,125269,125272,125274],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125270,125271],{"class":50},"value1 ",[44,125273,55],{"class":54},[44,125275,124282],{"class":62},[44,125277,125278,125281,125283,125285,125287],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125279,125280],{"class":50},"value2 ",[44,125282,55],{"class":54},[44,125284,247],{"class":235},[44,125286,49606],{"class":239},[44,125288,2727],{"class":235},[44,125290,125291],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,125292,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,125294,125295,125297,125299,125301,125303,125305],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,125296,100],{"class":99},[44,125298,103],{"class":58},[44,125300,985],{"class":121},[44,125302,103],{"class":58},[44,125304,84131],{"class":89},[44,125306,993],{"class":58},[44,125308,125309,125311,125313,125315,125317,125320],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,125310,100],{"class":99},[44,125312,103],{"class":58},[44,125314,985],{"class":121},[44,125316,103],{"class":58},[44,125318,125319],{"class":89},"value2",[44,125321,993],{"class":58},[20,125323,111],{},[35,125325,125327],{"className":37,"code":125326,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125328,125329,125343],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125330,125331,125333,125335,125337,125339,125341],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125332,1005],{"class":54},[44,125334,1009],{"class":1008},[44,125336,1012],{"class":235},[44,125338,1558],{"class":239},[44,125340,1018],{"class":235},[44,125342,1021],{"class":54},[44,125344,125345,125347,125349,125351,125353,125355],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125346,1005],{"class":54},[44,125348,1009],{"class":1008},[44,125350,1012],{"class":235},[44,125352,2812],{"class":239},[44,125354,1018],{"class":235},[44,125356,1021],{"class":54},[347,125358,125360],{"id":125359},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125362,125363],{},"This causes a type error:",[35,125365,125367],{"className":37,"code":125366,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125368,125369,125373,125378],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125370,125371],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125372,124950],{"class":3035},[44,125374,125375],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125376,125377],{"class":3035},"# age = 10\n",[44,125379,125380],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,125381,125382],{"class":3035},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125384,125385,125386,2255],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125387,47043],{},[35,125389,125391],{"className":37,"code":125390,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125392,125393,125401,125423,125427],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125394,125395,125397,125399],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125396,20976],{"class":50},[44,125398,55],{"class":54},[44,125400,1956],{"class":62},[44,125402,125403,125405,125407,125409,125411,125413,125415,125417,125419,125421],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125404,89368],{"class":50},[44,125406,55],{"class":54},[44,125408,247],{"class":235},[44,125410,88786],{"class":239},[44,125412,236],{"class":235},[44,125414,1824],{"class":54},[44,125416,48264],{"class":121},[44,125418,103],{"class":58},[44,125420,8669],{"class":89},[44,125422,108],{"class":58},[44,125424,125425],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,125426,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,125428,125429,125431,125433,125435],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,125430,100],{"class":99},[44,125432,103],{"class":58},[44,125434,89385],{"class":89},[44,125436,108],{"class":58},[20,125438,125439,125440,86],{},"For this specific error, see ",[167,125441,89767],{"href":89766},[347,125443,60071],{"id":60070},[20,125445,125446],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[35,125448,125450],{"className":37,"code":125449,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,125451,125452,125464,125468,125478,125492],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125453,125454,125456,125458,125460,125462],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125455,34039],{"class":50},[44,125457,55],{"class":54},[44,125459,247],{"class":235},[44,125461,3214],{"class":239},[44,125463,2727],{"class":235},[44,125465,125466],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125467,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,125469,125470,125472,125474,125476],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,125471,100],{"class":99},[44,125473,103],{"class":58},[44,125475,34060],{"class":89},[44,125477,108],{"class":58},[44,125479,125480,125482,125484,125486,125488,125490],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,125481,100],{"class":99},[44,125483,103],{"class":58},[44,125485,985],{"class":121},[44,125487,103],{"class":58},[44,125489,34060],{"class":89},[44,125491,993],{"class":58},[44,125493,125494,125496,125498,125500,125502,125504],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,125495,100],{"class":99},[44,125497,103],{"class":58},[44,125499,41136],{"class":99},[44,125501,103],{"class":58},[44,125503,34060],{"class":89},[44,125505,993],{"class":58},[145,125507,125508,125513,125518],{},[148,125509,125510,45637],{},[15,125511,125512],{},"print(text)",[148,125514,125515,45642],{},[15,125516,125517],{},"print(type(text))",[148,125519,125520,125523],{},[15,125521,125522],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[131,125525,1196],{"id":1195},[347,125527,125529],{"id":125528},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,125531,125532,125533,945,125536,86],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,125534,125535],{},"'hello'",[15,125537,63896],{},[347,125539,125541],{"id":125540},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,125543,125544],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[347,125546,125548],{"id":125547},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,125550,1462,125551,945,125553,86],{},[15,125552,5643],{},[15,125554,3144],{},[347,125556,125558],{"id":125557},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,125560,1462,125561,125563,125564,125566,125567,86],{},[15,125562,47043],{},", like ",[15,125565,79741],{},", which returns ",[15,125568,41483],{},[347,125570,125572],{"id":125571},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,125574,125575],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[131,125577,1251],{"id":1250},[145,125579,125580,125584,125590,125595,125604,125608],{},[148,125581,125582],{},[167,125583,124355],{"href":50336},[148,125585,125586],{},[167,125587,2945,125588,2878],{"href":41532},[15,125589,47043],{},[148,125591,125592],{},[167,125593,125594],{"href":122525},"How to convert int to string in Python",[148,125596,125597],{},[167,125598,125600,125601,1272],{"href":125599},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,125602,125603],{},"format()",[148,125605,125606],{},[167,125607,125041],{"href":125040},[148,125609,125610],{},[167,125611,89767],{"href":89766},[1294,125613,125614],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":125616},[125617,125618,125619,125620,125621,125622,125623,125624,125625,125634,125641],{"id":14515,"depth":80,"text":14516},{"id":124194,"depth":80,"text":124195},{"id":124358,"depth":80,"text":124359},{"id":124433,"depth":80,"text":124434},{"id":124533,"depth":80,"text":124534},{"id":124638,"depth":80,"text":124639},{"id":124816,"depth":80,"text":124817},{"id":124933,"depth":80,"text":124934},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200,"children":125626},[125627,125628,125629,125630,125632,125633],{"id":89574,"depth":96,"text":89575},{"id":125106,"depth":96,"text":125107},{"id":125189,"depth":96,"text":125190},{"id":125253,"depth":96,"text":125631},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125359,"depth":96,"text":125360},{"id":60070,"depth":96,"text":60071},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":125635},[125636,125637,125638,125639,125640],{"id":125528,"depth":96,"text":125529},{"id":125540,"depth":96,"text":125541},{"id":125547,"depth":96,"text":125548},{"id":125557,"depth":96,"text":125558},{"id":125571,"depth":96,"text":125572},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124056,"description":125642},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":125649,"title":125650,"body":125651,"description":127565,"extension":1331,"meta":127566,"navigation":268,"path":127567,"seo":127568,"stem":127569,"__hash__":127570},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":125652,"toc":127526},[125653,125659,125664,125672,125674,125741,125743,125755,125764,125769,125773,125790,125792,125857,125859,125871,125876,125878,125906,125927,125930,125969,125971,125979,125983,125987,125991,125999,126002,126043,126045,126053,126056,126113,126115,126123,126127,126132,126176,126178,126186,126195,126199,126204,126252,126254,126262,126268,126270,126274,126286,126291,126370,126372,126392,126396,126400,126440,126442,126450,126454,126497,126499,126507,126511,126551,126553,126561,126565,126621,126623,126631,126637,126639,126643,126653,126720,126722,126735,126742,126785,126787,126795,126799,126802,126858,126860,126868,126871,126873,126950,126952,126960,126969,126971,126975,126979,126981,127003,127006,127053,127057,127096,127098,127106,127108,127150,127157,127162,127224,127226,127238,127244,127249,127298,127300,127319,127325,127327,127346,127348,127439,127441,127447,127454,127460,127466,127471,127480,127487,127495,127497,127523],[10,125654,122600,125656,18],{"id":125655},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,125657,125658],{},"endswith()",[20,125660,122605,125661,125663],{},[15,125662,125658],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,125665,125666,125667,945,125669,125671],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,125668,2974],{},[15,125670,3046],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[131,125673,1372],{"id":1371},[35,125675,125677],{"className":37,"code":125676,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,125678,125679,125693,125718],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125680,125681,125684,125686,125688,125691],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125682,125683],{"class":50},"filename ",[44,125685,55],{"class":54},[44,125687,247],{"class":235},[44,125689,125690],{"class":239},"report.csv",[44,125692,2727],{"class":235},[44,125694,125695,125697,125699,125702,125704,125707,125709,125711,125714,125716],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125696,100],{"class":99},[44,125698,103],{"class":58},[44,125700,125701],{"class":89},"filename",[44,125703,86],{"class":58},[44,125705,125706],{"class":89},"endswith",[44,125708,103],{"class":58},[44,125710,236],{"class":235},[44,125712,125713],{"class":239},".csv",[44,125715,236],{"class":235},[44,125717,993],{"class":58},[44,125719,125720,125722,125724,125726,125728,125730,125732,125734,125737,125739],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,125721,100],{"class":99},[44,125723,103],{"class":58},[44,125725,125701],{"class":89},[44,125727,86],{"class":58},[44,125729,125706],{"class":89},[44,125731,103],{"class":58},[44,125733,236],{"class":235},[44,125735,125736],{"class":239},".txt",[44,125738,236],{"class":235},[44,125740,993],{"class":58},[20,125742,111],{},[35,125744,125745],{"className":37,"code":43532,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,125746,125747,125751],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125748,125749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125750,3350],{"class":692},[44,125752,125753],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125754,3411],{"class":692},[20,125756,1462,125757,4738,125759,945,125761,125763],{},[15,125758,125658],{},[15,125760,2974],{},[15,125762,3046],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[131,125765,134,125767,137],{"id":125766},"what-endswith-does",[15,125768,125658],{},[20,125770,125771,2255],{},[15,125772,125658],{},[145,125774,125775,125778,125784,125787],{},[148,125776,125777],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[148,125779,156,125780,945,125782],{},[15,125781,2974],{},[15,125783,3046],{},[148,125785,125786],{},"Does not change the original string",[148,125788,125789],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,125791,1578],{},[35,125793,125795],{"className":37,"code":125794,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,125796,125797,125809,125813,125835],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125798,125799,125801,125803,125805,125807],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125800,34039],{"class":50},[44,125802,55],{"class":54},[44,125804,247],{"class":235},[44,125806,59767],{"class":239},[44,125808,2727],{"class":235},[44,125810,125811],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125812,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,125814,125815,125817,125819,125821,125823,125825,125827,125829,125831,125833],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,125816,100],{"class":99},[44,125818,103],{"class":58},[44,125820,34060],{"class":89},[44,125822,86],{"class":58},[44,125824,125706],{"class":89},[44,125826,103],{"class":58},[44,125828,236],{"class":235},[44,125830,59952],{"class":239},[44,125832,236],{"class":235},[44,125834,993],{"class":58},[44,125836,125837,125839,125841,125843,125845,125847,125849,125851,125853,125855],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,125838,100],{"class":99},[44,125840,103],{"class":58},[44,125842,34060],{"class":89},[44,125844,86],{"class":58},[44,125846,125706],{"class":89},[44,125848,103],{"class":58},[44,125850,236],{"class":235},[44,125852,3214],{"class":239},[44,125854,236],{"class":235},[44,125856,993],{"class":58},[20,125858,111],{},[35,125860,125861],{"className":37,"code":43532,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,125862,125863,125867],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125864,125865],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125866,3350],{"class":692},[44,125868,125869],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125870,3411],{"class":692},[20,125872,125873,125874,86],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[167,125875,124355],{"href":50336},[131,125877,175],{"id":174},[35,125879,125881],{"className":37,"code":125880,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,125882,125883],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125884,125885,125887,125889,125891,125893,125896,125898,125900,125902,125904],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125886,60535],{"class":50},[44,125888,86],{"class":58},[44,125890,125706],{"class":89},[44,125892,103],{"class":58},[44,125894,125895],{"class":89},"suffix",[44,125897,66],{"class":58},[44,125899,35405],{"class":89},[44,125901,66],{"class":58},[44,125903,64402],{"class":89},[44,125905,108],{"class":58},[145,125907,125908,125913,125920],{},[148,125909,125910,125912],{},[15,125911,125895],{}," is required",[148,125914,125915,342,125917,125919],{},[15,125916,35426],{},[15,125918,52022],{}," are optional",[148,125921,125922,342,125924,125926],{},[15,125923,35426],{},[15,125925,52022],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,125928,125929],{},"Basic example:",[35,125931,125933],{"className":37,"code":125932,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,125934,125935,125947],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125936,125937,125939,125941,125943,125945],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125938,125683],{"class":50},[44,125940,55],{"class":54},[44,125942,247],{"class":235},[44,125944,86256],{"class":239},[44,125946,2727],{"class":235},[44,125948,125949,125951,125953,125955,125957,125959,125961,125963,125965,125967],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125950,100],{"class":99},[44,125952,103],{"class":58},[44,125954,125701],{"class":89},[44,125956,86],{"class":58},[44,125958,125706],{"class":89},[44,125960,103],{"class":58},[44,125962,236],{"class":235},[44,125964,125736],{"class":239},[44,125966,236],{"class":235},[44,125968,993],{"class":58},[20,125970,111],{},[35,125972,125973],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,125974,125975],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125976,125977],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125978,3350],{"class":692},[131,125980,125982],{"id":125981},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[347,125984,125985],{"id":125895},[15,125986,125895],{},[20,125988,125989,30099],{},[15,125990,125895],{},[145,125992,125993,125996],{},[148,125994,125995],{},"A single string",[148,125997,125998],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126000,126001],{},"Single suffix:",[35,126003,126005],{"className":37,"code":126004,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126006,126007,126020],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126008,126009,126011,126013,126015,126018],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126010,7249],{"class":50},[44,126012,55],{"class":54},[44,126014,247],{"class":235},[44,126016,126017],{"class":239},"image.png",[44,126019,2727],{"class":235},[44,126021,126022,126024,126026,126028,126030,126032,126034,126036,126039,126041],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,126023,100],{"class":99},[44,126025,103],{"class":58},[44,126027,7041],{"class":89},[44,126029,86],{"class":58},[44,126031,125706],{"class":89},[44,126033,103],{"class":58},[44,126035,236],{"class":235},[44,126037,126038],{"class":239},".png",[44,126040,236],{"class":235},[44,126042,993],{"class":58},[20,126044,111],{},[35,126046,126047],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126048,126049],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126050,126051],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126052,3350],{"class":692},[20,126054,126055],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[35,126057,126059],{"className":37,"code":126058,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126060,126061,126073],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126062,126063,126065,126067,126069,126071],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126064,7249],{"class":50},[44,126066,55],{"class":54},[44,126068,247],{"class":235},[44,126070,126017],{"class":239},[44,126072,2727],{"class":235},[44,126074,126075,126077,126079,126081,126083,126085,126087,126089,126092,126094,126096,126098,126100,126102,126104,126106,126109,126111],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,126076,100],{"class":99},[44,126078,103],{"class":58},[44,126080,7041],{"class":89},[44,126082,86],{"class":58},[44,126084,125706],{"class":89},[44,126086,4880],{"class":58},[44,126088,236],{"class":235},[44,126090,126091],{"class":239},".jpg",[44,126093,236],{"class":235},[44,126095,66],{"class":58},[44,126097,247],{"class":235},[44,126099,126038],{"class":239},[44,126101,236],{"class":235},[44,126103,66],{"class":58},[44,126105,247],{"class":235},[44,126107,126108],{"class":239},".gif",[44,126110,236],{"class":235},[44,126112,2283],{"class":58},[20,126114,111],{},[35,126116,126117],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126118,126119],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126120,126121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126122,3350],{"class":692},[347,126124,126125],{"id":35426},[15,126126,35426],{},[20,126128,126129,126131],{},[15,126130,35426],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[35,126133,126135],{"className":37,"code":126134,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126136,126137,126150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126138,126139,126141,126143,126145,126148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126140,34039],{"class":50},[44,126142,55],{"class":54},[44,126144,247],{"class":235},[44,126146,126147],{"class":239},"my_report.csv",[44,126149,2727],{"class":235},[44,126151,126152,126154,126156,126158,126160,126162,126164,126166,126168,126170,126172,126174],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,126153,100],{"class":99},[44,126155,103],{"class":58},[44,126157,34060],{"class":89},[44,126159,86],{"class":58},[44,126161,125706],{"class":89},[44,126163,103],{"class":58},[44,126165,236],{"class":235},[44,126167,125713],{"class":239},[44,126169,236],{"class":235},[44,126171,66],{"class":58},[44,126173,74],{"class":62},[44,126175,993],{"class":58},[20,126177,111],{},[35,126179,126180],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126181,126182],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126183,126184],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126185,3350],{"class":692},[20,126187,126188,126189,126191,126192,86],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126190,1432],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126193,126194],{},"\"report.csv\"",[347,126196,126197],{"id":52022},[15,126198,52022],{},[20,126200,126201,126203],{},[15,126202,52022],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[35,126205,126207],{"className":37,"code":126206,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126208,126209,126222],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126210,126211,126213,126215,126217,126220],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126212,34039],{"class":50},[44,126214,55],{"class":54},[44,126216,247],{"class":235},[44,126218,126219],{"class":239},"report.csv backup",[44,126221,2727],{"class":235},[44,126223,126224,126226,126228,126230,126232,126234,126236,126238,126240,126242,126244,126246,126248,126250],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,126225,100],{"class":99},[44,126227,103],{"class":58},[44,126229,34060],{"class":89},[44,126231,86],{"class":58},[44,126233,125706],{"class":89},[44,126235,103],{"class":58},[44,126237,236],{"class":235},[44,126239,125713],{"class":239},[44,126241,236],{"class":235},[44,126243,66],{"class":58},[44,126245,3202],{"class":62},[44,126247,66],{"class":58},[44,126249,5375],{"class":62},[44,126251,993],{"class":58},[20,126253,111],{},[35,126255,126256],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126257,126258],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126259,126260],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126261,3350],{"class":692},[20,126263,126264,126265,126267],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126266,126194],{}," and ignores the rest.",[131,126269,596],{"id":595},[20,126271,126272,24857],{},[15,126273,125658],{},[145,126275,126276,126281],{},[148,126277,126278,126280],{},[15,126279,2974],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[148,126282,126283,126285],{},[15,126284,3046],{}," if it does not",[20,126287,126288,126289,6544],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126290,6369],{},[35,126292,126294],{"className":37,"code":126293,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126295,126296,126309,126313,126334,126349,126355],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126297,126298,126300,126302,126304,126307],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126299,125683],{"class":50},[44,126301,55],{"class":54},[44,126303,247],{"class":235},[44,126305,126306],{"class":239},"data.csv",[44,126308,2727],{"class":235},[44,126310,126311],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,126312,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,126314,126315,126317,126320,126322,126324,126326,126328,126330,126332],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,126316,6369],{"class":3245},[44,126318,126319],{"class":50}," filename",[44,126321,86],{"class":58},[44,126323,125706],{"class":89},[44,126325,103],{"class":58},[44,126327,236],{"class":235},[44,126329,125713],{"class":239},[44,126331,236],{"class":235},[44,126333,7716],{"class":58},[44,126335,126336,126338,126340,126342,126345,126347],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,126337,7442],{"class":99},[44,126339,103],{"class":58},[44,126341,236],{"class":235},[44,126343,126344],{"class":239},"This is a CSV file.",[44,126346,236],{"class":235},[44,126348,108],{"class":58},[44,126350,126351,126353],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,126352,26782],{"class":3245},[44,126354,5764],{"class":58},[44,126356,126357,126359,126361,126363,126366,126368],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,126358,7442],{"class":99},[44,126360,103],{"class":58},[44,126362,236],{"class":235},[44,126364,126365],{"class":239},"This is not a CSV file.",[44,126367,236],{"class":235},[44,126369,108],{"class":58},[20,126371,111],{},[35,126373,126375],{"className":37,"code":126374,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126376,126377],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126378,126379,126381,126383,126385,126388,126390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126380,49239],{"class":50},[44,126382,11552],{"class":54},[44,126384,43903],{"class":50},[44,126386,126387],{"class":33804},"CSV",[44,126389,85997],{"class":85996},[44,126391,121632],{"class":58},[131,126393,126395],{"id":126394},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[347,126397,126399],{"id":126398},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[35,126401,126403],{"className":37,"code":126402,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126404,126405,126418],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126406,126407,126409,126411,126413,126416],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126408,125683],{"class":50},[44,126410,55],{"class":54},[44,126412,247],{"class":235},[44,126414,126415],{"class":239},"sales.csv",[44,126417,2727],{"class":235},[44,126419,126420,126422,126424,126426,126428,126430,126432,126434,126436,126438],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,126421,100],{"class":99},[44,126423,103],{"class":58},[44,126425,125701],{"class":89},[44,126427,86],{"class":58},[44,126429,125706],{"class":89},[44,126431,103],{"class":58},[44,126433,236],{"class":235},[44,126435,125713],{"class":239},[44,126437,236],{"class":235},[44,126439,993],{"class":58},[20,126441,111],{},[35,126443,126444],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126445,126446],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126447,126448],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126449,3350],{"class":692},[347,126451,126453],{"id":126452},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[35,126455,126457],{"className":37,"code":126456,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,126458,126459,126473],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126460,126461,126464,126466,126468,126471],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126462,126463],{"class":50},"url ",[44,126465,55],{"class":54},[44,126467,247],{"class":235},[44,126469,126470],{"class":239},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[44,126472,2727],{"class":235},[44,126474,126475,126477,126479,126482,126484,126486,126488,126490,126493,126495],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,126476,100],{"class":99},[44,126478,103],{"class":58},[44,126480,126481],{"class":89},"url",[44,126483,86],{"class":58},[44,126485,125706],{"class":89},[44,126487,103],{"class":58},[44,126489,236],{"class":235},[44,126491,126492],{"class":239},"\u002F",[44,126494,236],{"class":235},[44,126496,993],{"class":58},[20,126498,111],{},[35,126500,126501],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126502,126503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126504,126505],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126506,3350],{"class":692},[347,126508,126510],{"id":126509},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[35,126512,126514],{"className":37,"code":126513,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,126515,126516,126529],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126517,126518,126520,126522,126524,126527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126519,89368],{"class":50},[44,126521,55],{"class":54},[44,126523,247],{"class":235},[44,126525,126526],{"class":239},"Hello!",[44,126528,2727],{"class":235},[44,126530,126531,126533,126535,126537,126539,126541,126543,126545,126547,126549],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,126532,100],{"class":99},[44,126534,103],{"class":58},[44,126536,89385],{"class":89},[44,126538,86],{"class":58},[44,126540,125706],{"class":89},[44,126542,103],{"class":58},[44,126544,236],{"class":235},[44,126546,89209],{"class":239},[44,126548,236],{"class":235},[44,126550,993],{"class":58},[20,126552,111],{},[35,126554,126555],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126556,126557],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126558,126559],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126560,3350],{"class":692},[347,126562,126564],{"id":126563},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[35,126566,126568],{"className":37,"code":126567,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126569,126570,126583],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126571,126572,126574,126576,126578,126581],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126573,125683],{"class":50},[44,126575,55],{"class":54},[44,126577,247],{"class":235},[44,126579,126580],{"class":239},"photo.jpg",[44,126582,2727],{"class":235},[44,126584,126585,126587,126589,126591,126593,126595,126597,126599,126601,126603,126605,126607,126609,126611,126613,126615,126617,126619],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,126586,100],{"class":99},[44,126588,103],{"class":58},[44,126590,125701],{"class":89},[44,126592,86],{"class":58},[44,126594,125706],{"class":89},[44,126596,4880],{"class":58},[44,126598,236],{"class":235},[44,126600,126091],{"class":239},[44,126602,236],{"class":235},[44,126604,66],{"class":58},[44,126606,247],{"class":235},[44,126608,126038],{"class":239},[44,126610,236],{"class":235},[44,126612,66],{"class":58},[44,126614,247],{"class":235},[44,126616,126108],{"class":239},[44,126618,236],{"class":235},[44,126620,2283],{"class":58},[20,126622,111],{},[35,126624,126625],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126626,126627],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126628,126629],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126630,3350],{"class":692},[20,126632,126633,126634,86],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[167,126635,126636],{"href":122855},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[131,126638,123247],{"id":123246},[20,126640,126641,123058],{},[15,126642,125658],{},[20,126644,126645,126646,342,126649,126652],{},"That means ",[15,126647,126648],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,126650,126651],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[35,126654,126656],{"className":37,"code":126655,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,126657,126658,126671,126675,126697],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126659,126660,126662,126664,126666,126669],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126661,125683],{"class":50},[44,126663,55],{"class":54},[44,126665,247],{"class":235},[44,126667,126668],{"class":239},"REPORT.CSV",[44,126670,2727],{"class":235},[44,126672,126673],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,126674,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,126676,126677,126679,126681,126683,126685,126687,126689,126691,126693,126695],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,126678,100],{"class":99},[44,126680,103],{"class":58},[44,126682,125701],{"class":89},[44,126684,86],{"class":58},[44,126686,125706],{"class":89},[44,126688,103],{"class":58},[44,126690,236],{"class":235},[44,126692,125713],{"class":239},[44,126694,236],{"class":235},[44,126696,993],{"class":58},[44,126698,126699,126701,126703,126705,126707,126709,126711,126713,126716,126718],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,126700,100],{"class":99},[44,126702,103],{"class":58},[44,126704,125701],{"class":89},[44,126706,86],{"class":58},[44,126708,125706],{"class":89},[44,126710,103],{"class":58},[44,126712,236],{"class":235},[44,126714,126715],{"class":239},".CSV",[44,126717,236],{"class":235},[44,126719,993],{"class":58},[20,126721,111],{},[35,126723,126725],{"className":37,"code":126724,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nTrue\n",[15,126726,126727,126731],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126728,126729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126730,3411],{"class":692},[44,126732,126733],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,126734,3350],{"class":692},[20,126736,126737,126738,86],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[167,126739,126740],{"href":123327},[15,126741,123330],{},[35,126743,126745],{"className":37,"code":126744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126746,126747,126759],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126748,126749,126751,126753,126755,126757],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126750,125683],{"class":50},[44,126752,55],{"class":54},[44,126754,247],{"class":235},[44,126756,126668],{"class":239},[44,126758,2727],{"class":235},[44,126760,126761,126763,126765,126767,126769,126771,126773,126775,126777,126779,126781,126783],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,126762,100],{"class":99},[44,126764,103],{"class":58},[44,126766,125701],{"class":89},[44,126768,86],{"class":58},[44,126770,8014],{"class":89},[44,126772,8011],{"class":58},[44,126774,125706],{"class":89},[44,126776,103],{"class":58},[44,126778,236],{"class":235},[44,126780,125713],{"class":239},[44,126782,236],{"class":235},[44,126784,993],{"class":58},[20,126786,111],{},[35,126788,126789],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126790,126791],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126792,126793],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126794,3350],{"class":692},[131,126796,126798],{"id":126797},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,126800,126801],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[35,126803,126805],{"className":37,"code":126804,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126806,126807,126820],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126808,126809,126811,126813,126815,126818],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126810,125683],{"class":50},[44,126812,55],{"class":54},[44,126814,247],{"class":235},[44,126816,126817],{"class":239},"picture.gif",[44,126819,2727],{"class":235},[44,126821,126822,126824,126826,126828,126830,126832,126834,126836,126838,126840,126842,126844,126846,126848,126850,126852,126854,126856],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,126823,100],{"class":99},[44,126825,103],{"class":58},[44,126827,125701],{"class":89},[44,126829,86],{"class":58},[44,126831,125706],{"class":89},[44,126833,4880],{"class":58},[44,126835,236],{"class":235},[44,126837,126091],{"class":239},[44,126839,236],{"class":235},[44,126841,66],{"class":58},[44,126843,247],{"class":235},[44,126845,126038],{"class":239},[44,126847,236],{"class":235},[44,126849,66],{"class":58},[44,126851,247],{"class":235},[44,126853,126108],{"class":239},[44,126855,236],{"class":235},[44,126857,2283],{"class":58},[20,126859,111],{},[35,126861,126862],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126863,126864],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126865,126866],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126867,3350],{"class":692},[20,126869,126870],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,126872,51441],{},[35,126874,126876],{"className":37,"code":126875,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,126877,126878,126891,126926,126930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126879,126880,126883,126885,126887,126889],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126881,126882],{"class":50},"document ",[44,126884,55],{"class":54},[44,126886,247],{"class":235},[44,126888,86256],{"class":239},[44,126890,2727],{"class":235},[44,126892,126893,126896,126898,126900,126902,126904,126906,126908,126910,126913,126915,126917,126919,126922,126924],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,126894,126895],{"class":50},"allowed ",[44,126897,55],{"class":54},[44,126899,8607],{"class":58},[44,126901,236],{"class":235},[44,126903,125736],{"class":239},[44,126905,236],{"class":235},[44,126907,66],{"class":58},[44,126909,247],{"class":235},[44,126911,126912],{"class":239},".md",[44,126914,236],{"class":235},[44,126916,66],{"class":58},[44,126918,247],{"class":235},[44,126920,126921],{"class":239},".docx",[44,126923,236],{"class":235},[44,126925,108],{"class":58},[44,126927,126928],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,126929,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,126931,126932,126934,126936,126939,126941,126943,126945,126948],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,126933,100],{"class":99},[44,126935,103],{"class":58},[44,126937,126938],{"class":89},"document",[44,126940,86],{"class":58},[44,126942,125706],{"class":89},[44,126944,103],{"class":58},[44,126946,126947],{"class":89},"allowed",[44,126949,993],{"class":58},[20,126951,111],{},[35,126953,126954],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126955,126956],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126957,126958],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126959,3350],{"class":692},[20,126961,126962,126963,86],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[167,126964,125600,126966,1272],{"href":126965},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,126967,126968],{},"startswith()",[131,126970,2200],{"id":2199},[20,126972,7821,126973,86],{},[15,126974,125658],{},[347,126976,126978],{"id":126977},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,126980,3895],{},[35,126982,126984],{"className":37,"code":126983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,126985,126986,126998],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126987,126988,126990,126992,126994,126996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126989,125683],{"class":50},[44,126991,55],{"class":54},[44,126993,247],{"class":235},[44,126995,126580],{"class":239},[44,126997,2727],{"class":235},[44,126999,127000],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,127001,127002],{"class":3035},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127004,127005],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[35,127007,127009],{"className":37,"code":127008,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127010,127011,127023],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127012,127013,127015,127017,127019,127021],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127014,125683],{"class":50},[44,127016,55],{"class":54},[44,127018,247],{"class":235},[44,127020,126580],{"class":239},[44,127022,2727],{"class":235},[44,127024,127025,127027,127029,127031,127033,127035,127037,127039,127041,127043,127045,127047,127049,127051],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,127026,100],{"class":99},[44,127028,103],{"class":58},[44,127030,125701],{"class":89},[44,127032,86],{"class":58},[44,127034,125706],{"class":89},[44,127036,4880],{"class":58},[44,127038,236],{"class":235},[44,127040,126091],{"class":239},[44,127042,236],{"class":235},[44,127044,66],{"class":58},[44,127046,247],{"class":235},[44,127048,126038],{"class":239},[44,127050,236],{"class":235},[44,127052,2283],{"class":58},[347,127054,127056],{"id":127055},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[35,127058,127060],{"className":37,"code":127059,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127061,127062,127074],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127063,127064,127066,127068,127070,127072],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127065,125683],{"class":50},[44,127067,55],{"class":54},[44,127069,247],{"class":235},[44,127071,126668],{"class":239},[44,127073,2727],{"class":235},[44,127075,127076,127078,127080,127082,127084,127086,127088,127090,127092,127094],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,127077,100],{"class":99},[44,127079,103],{"class":58},[44,127081,125701],{"class":89},[44,127083,86],{"class":58},[44,127085,125706],{"class":89},[44,127087,103],{"class":58},[44,127089,236],{"class":235},[44,127091,125713],{"class":239},[44,127093,236],{"class":235},[44,127095,993],{"class":58},[20,127097,111],{},[35,127099,127100],{"className":37,"code":3411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127101,127102],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127103,127104],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127105,3411],{"class":692},[20,127107,38617],{},[35,127109,127110],{"className":37,"code":126744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127111,127112,127124],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127113,127114,127116,127118,127120,127122],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127115,125683],{"class":50},[44,127117,55],{"class":54},[44,127119,247],{"class":235},[44,127121,126668],{"class":239},[44,127123,2727],{"class":235},[44,127125,127126,127128,127130,127132,127134,127136,127138,127140,127142,127144,127146,127148],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,127127,100],{"class":99},[44,127129,103],{"class":58},[44,127131,125701],{"class":89},[44,127133,86],{"class":58},[44,127135,8014],{"class":89},[44,127137,8011],{"class":58},[44,127139,125706],{"class":89},[44,127141,103],{"class":58},[44,127143,236],{"class":235},[44,127145,125713],{"class":239},[44,127147,236],{"class":235},[44,127149,993],{"class":58},[347,127151,36558,127153,8078,127155],{"id":127152},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127154,125658],{},[15,127156,3252],{},[20,127158,127159,127161],{},[15,127160,125658],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[35,127163,127165],{"className":37,"code":127164,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127166,127167,127180,127184,127206],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127168,127169,127171,127173,127175,127178],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127170,34039],{"class":50},[44,127172,55],{"class":54},[44,127174,247],{"class":235},[44,127176,127177],{"class":239},"my_report.csv.backup",[44,127179,2727],{"class":235},[44,127181,127182],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,127183,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,127185,127186,127188,127190,127192,127194,127196,127198,127200,127202,127204],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,127187,100],{"class":99},[44,127189,103],{"class":58},[44,127191,34060],{"class":89},[44,127193,86],{"class":58},[44,127195,125706],{"class":89},[44,127197,103],{"class":58},[44,127199,236],{"class":235},[44,127201,125713],{"class":239},[44,127203,236],{"class":235},[44,127205,993],{"class":58},[44,127207,127208,127210,127212,127214,127216,127218,127220,127222],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,127209,100],{"class":99},[44,127211,103],{"class":58},[44,127213,236],{"class":235},[44,127215,125713],{"class":239},[44,127217,236],{"class":235},[44,127219,20521],{"class":3245},[44,127221,42199],{"class":89},[44,127223,108],{"class":58},[20,127225,111],{},[35,127227,127228],{"className":37,"code":126724,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127229,127230,127234],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127231,127232],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127233,3411],{"class":692},[44,127235,127236],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,127237,3350],{"class":692},[347,127239,923,127241,127243],{"id":127240},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127242,125658],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127245,127246,127248],{},[15,127247,125658],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[35,127250,127252],{"className":37,"code":127251,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127253,127254,127266,127288],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127255,127256,127258,127260,127262,127264],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127257,125683],{"class":50},[44,127259,55],{"class":54},[44,127261,247],{"class":235},[44,127263,125690],{"class":239},[44,127265,2727],{"class":235},[44,127267,127268,127270,127272,127274,127276,127278,127280,127282,127284,127286],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,127269,100],{"class":99},[44,127271,103],{"class":58},[44,127273,125701],{"class":89},[44,127275,86],{"class":58},[44,127277,125706],{"class":89},[44,127279,103],{"class":58},[44,127281,236],{"class":235},[44,127283,125713],{"class":239},[44,127285,236],{"class":235},[44,127287,993],{"class":58},[44,127289,127290,127292,127294,127296],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,127291,100],{"class":99},[44,127293,103],{"class":58},[44,127295,125701],{"class":89},[44,127297,108],{"class":58},[20,127299,111],{},[35,127301,127303],{"className":37,"code":127302,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127304,127305,127309],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127306,127307],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127308,3350],{"class":692},[44,127310,127311,127314,127316],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,127312,127313],{"class":50},"report",[44,127315,86],{"class":58},[44,127317,127318],{"class":24098},"csv\n",[20,127320,127321,127322,86],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[167,127323,127324],{"href":123768},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127326,65425],{},[145,127328,127329,127332,127335,127338],{},[148,127330,127331],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[148,127333,127334],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[148,127336,127337],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[148,127339,350,127340,43988,127342,945,127344,110797],{},[15,127341,125658],{},[15,127343,123771],{},[15,127345,41010],{},[20,127347,29484],{},[35,127349,127351],{"className":37,"code":127350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127352,127353,127363,127377,127399,127425],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127354,127355,127357,127359,127361],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127356,100],{"class":99},[44,127358,103],{"class":58},[44,127360,34060],{"class":89},[44,127362,108],{"class":58},[44,127364,127365,127367,127369,127371,127373,127375],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,127366,100],{"class":99},[44,127368,103],{"class":58},[44,127370,41136],{"class":99},[44,127372,103],{"class":58},[44,127374,34060],{"class":89},[44,127376,993],{"class":58},[44,127378,127379,127381,127383,127385,127387,127389,127391,127393,127395,127397],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,127380,100],{"class":99},[44,127382,103],{"class":58},[44,127384,34060],{"class":89},[44,127386,86],{"class":58},[44,127388,125706],{"class":89},[44,127390,103],{"class":58},[44,127392,1018],{"class":235},[44,127394,125713],{"class":239},[44,127396,1018],{"class":235},[44,127398,993],{"class":58},[44,127400,127401,127403,127405,127407,127409,127411,127413,127415,127417,127419,127421,127423],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,127402,100],{"class":99},[44,127404,103],{"class":58},[44,127406,34060],{"class":89},[44,127408,86],{"class":58},[44,127410,8014],{"class":89},[44,127412,8011],{"class":58},[44,127414,125706],{"class":89},[44,127416,103],{"class":58},[44,127418,1018],{"class":235},[44,127420,125713],{"class":239},[44,127422,1018],{"class":235},[44,127424,993],{"class":58},[44,127426,127427,127429,127431,127433,127435,127437],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,127428,100],{"class":99},[44,127430,103],{"class":58},[44,127432,985],{"class":121},[44,127434,103],{"class":58},[44,127436,34060],{"class":89},[44,127438,993],{"class":58},[131,127440,1196],{"id":1195},[347,127442,1212,127444,127446],{"id":127443},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,127445,125658],{}," change the string?",[20,127448,127449,127450,945,127452,86],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,127451,2974],{},[15,127453,3046],{},[347,127455,4538,127457,127459],{"id":127456},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,127458,125658],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,127461,127462,127463,86],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,127464,127465],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[347,127467,14257,127469,123936],{"id":127468},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,127470,125658],{},[20,127472,127473,127474,945,127476,127479],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,127475,123330],{},[15,127477,127478],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[347,127481,1234,127483,342,127485,1239],{"id":127482},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,127484,125658],{},[15,127486,123595],{},[20,127488,127489,127491,127492,127494],{},[15,127490,125658],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,127493,123595],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[131,127496,1251],{"id":1250},[145,127498,127499,127505,127511,127515,127519],{},[148,127500,127501],{},[167,127502,125600,127503,1272],{"href":126965},[15,127504,126968],{},[148,127506,127507],{},[167,127508,125600,127509,1272],{"href":123327},[15,127510,123330],{},[148,127512,127513],{},[167,127514,123999],{"href":122855},[148,127516,127517],{},[167,127518,124006],{"href":123768},[148,127520,127521],{},[167,127522,124355],{"href":50336},[1294,127524,127525],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":127527},[127528,127529,127531,127532,127537,127538,127544,127545,127546,127554,127564],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":125766,"depth":80,"text":127530},"What endswith() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":125981,"depth":80,"text":125982,"children":127533},[127534,127535,127536],{"id":125895,"depth":96,"text":125895},{"id":35426,"depth":96,"text":35426},{"id":52022,"depth":96,"text":52022},{"id":595,"depth":80,"text":596},{"id":126394,"depth":80,"text":126395,"children":127539},[127540,127541,127542,127543],{"id":126398,"depth":96,"text":126399},{"id":126452,"depth":96,"text":126453},{"id":126509,"depth":96,"text":126510},{"id":126563,"depth":96,"text":126564},{"id":123246,"depth":80,"text":123247},{"id":126797,"depth":80,"text":126798},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200,"children":127547},[127548,127549,127550,127552],{"id":126977,"depth":96,"text":126978},{"id":127055,"depth":96,"text":127056},{"id":127152,"depth":96,"text":127551},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127240,"depth":96,"text":127553},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":127555},[127556,127558,127560,127562],{"id":127443,"depth":96,"text":127557},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127456,"depth":96,"text":127559},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127468,"depth":96,"text":127561},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127482,"depth":96,"text":127563},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":125650,"description":127565},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":127572,"title":127573,"body":127574,"description":129242,"extension":1331,"meta":129243,"navigation":268,"path":129244,"seo":129245,"stem":129246,"__hash__":129247},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":127575,"toc":129215},[127576,127581,127586,127591,127596,127689,127699,127704,127709,127724,127726,127808,127816,127818,127820,127847,127849,127865,127872,127874,127982,127984,127989,128005,128007,128102,128110,128113,128119,128124,128129,128136,128275,128278,128291,128293,128297,128304,128374,128377,128426,128433,128440,128454,128459,128464,128510,128556,128572,128574,128579,128593,128596,128718,128723,128725,128730,128763,128766,128842,128844,128853,128867,128870,128954,128957,129068,129071,129099,129101,129108,129112,129118,129121,129127,129130,129137,129148,129154,129161,129163,129212],[10,127577,122600,127579,18],{"id":127578},"python-string-find-method",[15,127580,123595],{},[20,127582,122605,127583,127585],{},[15,127584,123595],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,127587,127588,127589,86],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,127590,65216],{},[20,127592,1462,127593,127595],{},[15,127594,123595],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[35,127597,127599],{"className":37,"code":127598,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,127600,127601,127613,127636,127649,127653,127676],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127602,127603,127605,127607,127609,127611],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127604,34039],{"class":50},[44,127606,55],{"class":54},[44,127608,247],{"class":235},[44,127610,59767],{"class":239},[44,127612,2727],{"class":235},[44,127614,127615,127617,127619,127621,127623,127626,127628,127630,127632,127634],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,127616,64281],{"class":50},[44,127618,55],{"class":54},[44,127620,42199],{"class":50},[44,127622,86],{"class":58},[44,127624,127625],{"class":89},"find",[44,127627,103],{"class":58},[44,127629,236],{"class":235},[44,127631,59952],{"class":239},[44,127633,236],{"class":235},[44,127635,108],{"class":58},[44,127637,127638,127640,127642,127644,127646],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,127639,100],{"class":99},[44,127641,103],{"class":58},[44,127643,64308],{"class":89},[44,127645,3032],{"class":58},[44,127647,127648],{"class":3035},"   # 6\n",[44,127650,127651],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,127652,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,127654,127655,127658,127660,127662,127664,127666,127668,127670,127672,127674],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,127656,127657],{"class":50},"missing ",[44,127659,55],{"class":54},[44,127661,42199],{"class":50},[44,127663,86],{"class":58},[44,127665,127625],{"class":89},[44,127667,103],{"class":58},[44,127669,236],{"class":235},[44,127671,39],{"class":239},[44,127673,236],{"class":235},[44,127675,108],{"class":58},[44,127677,127678,127680,127682,127684,127686],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,127679,100],{"class":99},[44,127681,103],{"class":58},[44,127683,26121],{"class":89},[44,127685,3032],{"class":58},[44,127687,127688],{"class":3035},"    # -1\n",[42938,127690,127691],{},[20,127692,1462,127693,127695,127696,127698],{},[15,127694,123595],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,127697,65216],{}," if the substring is not found.",[131,127700,134,127702,137],{"id":127701},"what-find-does",[15,127703,123595],{},[20,127705,127706,127708],{},[15,127707,123595],{}," is a string method that:",[145,127710,127711,127714,127717,127722],{},[148,127712,127713],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[148,127715,127716],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[148,127718,156,127719,127721],{},[15,127720,65216],{}," if no match is found",[148,127723,125786],{},[20,127725,1578],{},[35,127727,127729],{"className":37,"code":127728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,127730,127731,127743,127747,127771,127795],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127732,127733,127735,127737,127739,127741],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127734,34039],{"class":50},[44,127736,55],{"class":54},[44,127738,247],{"class":235},[44,127740,3459],{"class":239},[44,127742,2727],{"class":235},[44,127744,127745],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,127746,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,127748,127749,127751,127753,127755,127757,127759,127761,127763,127765,127767,127769],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,127750,100],{"class":99},[44,127752,103],{"class":58},[44,127754,34060],{"class":89},[44,127756,86],{"class":58},[44,127758,127625],{"class":89},[44,127760,103],{"class":58},[44,127762,236],{"class":235},[44,127764,122693],{"class":239},[44,127766,236],{"class":235},[44,127768,4730],{"class":58},[44,127770,57005],{"class":3035},[44,127772,127773,127775,127777,127779,127781,127783,127785,127787,127789,127791,127793],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,127774,100],{"class":99},[44,127776,103],{"class":58},[44,127778,34060],{"class":89},[44,127780,86],{"class":58},[44,127782,127625],{"class":89},[44,127784,103],{"class":58},[44,127786,236],{"class":235},[44,127788,1104],{"class":239},[44,127790,236],{"class":235},[44,127792,4730],{"class":58},[44,127794,127688],{"class":3035},[44,127796,127797,127799,127801,127803,127805],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,127798,100],{"class":99},[44,127800,103],{"class":58},[44,127802,34060],{"class":89},[44,127804,3032],{"class":58},[44,127806,127807],{"class":3035},"              # banana\n",[20,127809,565,127810,127813,127814,86],{},[15,127811,127812],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,127815,1426],{},[131,127817,175],{"id":174},[20,127819,1530],{},[35,127821,127823],{"className":37,"code":127822,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,127824,127825],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127826,127827,127829,127831,127833,127835,127837,127839,127841,127843,127845],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127828,60535],{"class":50},[44,127830,86],{"class":58},[44,127832,127625],{"class":89},[44,127834,103],{"class":58},[44,127836,1843],{"class":89},[44,127838,66],{"class":58},[44,127840,35405],{"class":89},[44,127842,66],{"class":58},[44,127844,64402],{"class":89},[44,127846,108],{"class":58},[347,127848,16745],{"id":16744},[145,127850,127851,127855,127860],{},[148,127852,127853,122792],{},[15,127854,1843],{},[148,127856,127857,127859],{},[15,127858,35426],{},": optional starting position",[148,127861,127862,127864],{},[15,127863,52022],{},": optional ending position",[20,127866,127867,342,127869,127871],{},[15,127868,35426],{},[15,127870,52022],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,127873,125929],{},[35,127875,127877],{"className":37,"code":127876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,127878,127879,127891,127895,127920,127949],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127880,127881,127883,127885,127887,127889],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127882,34039],{"class":50},[44,127884,55],{"class":54},[44,127886,247],{"class":235},[44,127888,59767],{"class":239},[44,127890,2727],{"class":235},[44,127892,127893],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,127894,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,127896,127897,127899,127901,127903,127905,127907,127909,127911,127913,127915,127917],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,127898,100],{"class":99},[44,127900,103],{"class":58},[44,127902,34060],{"class":89},[44,127904,86],{"class":58},[44,127906,127625],{"class":89},[44,127908,103],{"class":58},[44,127910,236],{"class":235},[44,127912,59834],{"class":239},[44,127914,236],{"class":235},[44,127916,4730],{"class":58},[44,127918,127919],{"class":3035},"        # 4\n",[44,127921,127922,127924,127926,127928,127930,127932,127934,127936,127938,127940,127942,127944,127946],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,127923,100],{"class":99},[44,127925,103],{"class":58},[44,127927,34060],{"class":89},[44,127929,86],{"class":58},[44,127931,127625],{"class":89},[44,127933,103],{"class":58},[44,127935,236],{"class":235},[44,127937,59834],{"class":239},[44,127939,236],{"class":235},[44,127941,66],{"class":58},[44,127943,3975],{"class":62},[44,127945,4730],{"class":58},[44,127947,127948],{"class":3035},"     # 7\n",[44,127950,127951,127953,127955,127957,127959,127961,127963,127965,127967,127969,127971,127973,127975,127977,127979],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,127952,100],{"class":99},[44,127954,103],{"class":58},[44,127956,34060],{"class":89},[44,127958,86],{"class":58},[44,127960,127625],{"class":89},[44,127962,103],{"class":58},[44,127964,236],{"class":235},[44,127966,59834],{"class":239},[44,127968,236],{"class":235},[44,127970,66],{"class":58},[44,127972,3975],{"class":62},[44,127974,66],{"class":58},[44,127976,5364],{"class":62},[44,127978,4730],{"class":58},[44,127980,127981],{"class":3035},"  # -1\n",[131,127983,37375],{"id":37374},[20,127985,56904,127986,127988],{},[15,127987,123595],{}," is always an integer.",[145,127990,127991,127997,128000],{},[148,127992,127993,127994,127996],{},"A number ",[15,127995,1490],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[148,127998,127999],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[148,128001,128002,128004],{},[15,128003,65216],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128006,1578],{},[35,128008,128010],{"className":37,"code":128009,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128011,128012,128024,128028,128053,128078],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128013,128014,128016,128018,128020,128022],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128015,34039],{"class":50},[44,128017,55],{"class":54},[44,128019,247],{"class":235},[44,128021,39],{"class":239},[44,128023,2727],{"class":235},[44,128025,128026],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,128027,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,128029,128030,128032,128034,128036,128038,128040,128042,128044,128047,128049,128051],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,128031,100],{"class":99},[44,128033,103],{"class":58},[44,128035,34060],{"class":89},[44,128037,86],{"class":58},[44,128039,127625],{"class":89},[44,128041,103],{"class":58},[44,128043,236],{"class":235},[44,128045,128046],{"class":239},"py",[44,128048,236],{"class":235},[44,128050,4730],{"class":58},[44,128052,20116],{"class":3035},[44,128054,128055,128057,128059,128061,128063,128065,128067,128069,128072,128074,128076],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,128056,100],{"class":99},[44,128058,103],{"class":58},[44,128060,34060],{"class":89},[44,128062,86],{"class":58},[44,128064,127625],{"class":89},[44,128066,103],{"class":58},[44,128068,236],{"class":235},[44,128070,128071],{"class":239},"th",[44,128073,236],{"class":235},[44,128075,4730],{"class":58},[44,128077,57005],{"class":3035},[44,128079,128080,128082,128084,128086,128088,128090,128092,128094,128096,128098,128100],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,128081,100],{"class":99},[44,128083,103],{"class":58},[44,128085,34060],{"class":89},[44,128087,86],{"class":58},[44,128089,127625],{"class":89},[44,128091,103],{"class":58},[44,128093,236],{"class":235},[44,128095,21425],{"class":239},[44,128097,236],{"class":235},[44,128099,4730],{"class":58},[44,128101,127688],{"class":3035},[20,128103,89271,128104,7829,128106,945,128108,86],{},[15,128105,123595],{},[15,128107,2974],{},[15,128109,3046],{},[20,128111,128112],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[131,128114,350,128115,342,128117],{"id":64768},[15,128116,35426],{},[15,128118,52022],{},[20,128120,1462,128121,128123],{},[15,128122,35426],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128125,1462,128126,128128],{},[15,128127,52022],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128130,140,128131,74823,128133,128135],{},[15,128132,52022],{},[30,128134,64431],{}," in the search.",[35,128137,128139],{"className":37,"code":128138,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128140,128141,128154,128158,128182,128211,128243],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128142,128143,128145,128147,128149,128152],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128144,34039],{"class":50},[44,128146,55],{"class":54},[44,128148,247],{"class":235},[44,128150,128151],{"class":239},"one two three two",[44,128153,2727],{"class":235},[44,128155,128156],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,128157,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,128159,128160,128162,128164,128166,128168,128170,128172,128174,128176,128178,128180],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,128161,100],{"class":99},[44,128163,103],{"class":58},[44,128165,34060],{"class":89},[44,128167,86],{"class":58},[44,128169,127625],{"class":89},[44,128171,103],{"class":58},[44,128173,236],{"class":235},[44,128175,78632],{"class":239},[44,128177,236],{"class":235},[44,128179,4730],{"class":58},[44,128181,127919],{"class":3035},[44,128183,128184,128186,128188,128190,128192,128194,128196,128198,128200,128202,128204,128206,128208],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,128185,100],{"class":99},[44,128187,103],{"class":58},[44,128189,34060],{"class":89},[44,128191,86],{"class":58},[44,128193,127625],{"class":89},[44,128195,103],{"class":58},[44,128197,236],{"class":235},[44,128199,78632],{"class":239},[44,128201,236],{"class":235},[44,128203,66],{"class":58},[44,128205,3975],{"class":62},[44,128207,4730],{"class":58},[44,128209,128210],{"class":3035},"     # 14\n",[44,128212,128213,128215,128217,128219,128221,128223,128225,128227,128229,128231,128233,128235,128237,128239,128241],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,128214,100],{"class":99},[44,128216,103],{"class":58},[44,128218,34060],{"class":89},[44,128220,86],{"class":58},[44,128222,127625],{"class":89},[44,128224,103],{"class":58},[44,128226,236],{"class":235},[44,128228,78632],{"class":239},[44,128230,236],{"class":235},[44,128232,66],{"class":58},[44,128234,3202],{"class":62},[44,128236,66],{"class":58},[44,128238,5364],{"class":62},[44,128240,4730],{"class":58},[44,128242,50296],{"class":3035},[44,128244,128245,128247,128249,128251,128253,128255,128257,128259,128261,128263,128265,128267,128269,128271,128273],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,128246,100],{"class":99},[44,128248,103],{"class":58},[44,128250,34060],{"class":89},[44,128252,86],{"class":58},[44,128254,127625],{"class":89},[44,128256,103],{"class":58},[44,128258,236],{"class":235},[44,128260,78632],{"class":239},[44,128262,236],{"class":235},[44,128264,66],{"class":58},[44,128266,3202],{"class":62},[44,128268,66],{"class":58},[44,128270,1827],{"class":62},[44,128272,4730],{"class":58},[44,128274,127981],{"class":3035},[20,128276,128277],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128279,128280,128281,54429,128285,86],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[167,128282,128284],{"href":128283},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[167,128286,128288,128290],{"href":128287},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128289,59892],{}," string method",[131,128292,123247],{"id":123246},[20,128294,128295,123058],{},[15,128296,123595],{},[20,128298,126645,128299,342,128301,128303],{},[15,128300,89779],{},[15,128302,63896],{}," are treated as different text.",[35,128305,128307],{"className":37,"code":128306,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128308,128309,128322,128326,128350],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128310,128311,128313,128315,128317,128320],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128312,34039],{"class":50},[44,128314,55],{"class":54},[44,128316,247],{"class":235},[44,128318,128319],{"class":239},"Hello World",[44,128321,2727],{"class":235},[44,128323,128324],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,128325,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,128327,128328,128330,128332,128334,128336,128338,128340,128342,128344,128346,128348],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,128329,100],{"class":99},[44,128331,103],{"class":58},[44,128333,34060],{"class":89},[44,128335,86],{"class":58},[44,128337,127625],{"class":89},[44,128339,103],{"class":58},[44,128341,236],{"class":235},[44,128343,34219],{"class":239},[44,128345,236],{"class":235},[44,128347,4730],{"class":58},[44,128349,50608],{"class":3035},[44,128351,128352,128354,128356,128358,128360,128362,128364,128366,128368,128370,128372],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,128353,100],{"class":99},[44,128355,103],{"class":58},[44,128357,34060],{"class":89},[44,128359,86],{"class":58},[44,128361,127625],{"class":89},[44,128363,103],{"class":58},[44,128365,236],{"class":235},[44,128367,3214],{"class":239},[44,128369,236],{"class":235},[44,128371,4730],{"class":58},[44,128373,127981],{"class":3035},[20,128375,128376],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[35,128378,128380],{"className":37,"code":128379,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128381,128382,128394,128398],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128383,128384,128386,128388,128390,128392],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128385,34039],{"class":50},[44,128387,55],{"class":54},[44,128389,247],{"class":235},[44,128391,128319],{"class":239},[44,128393,2727],{"class":235},[44,128395,128396],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,128397,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,128399,128400,128402,128404,128406,128408,128410,128412,128414,128416,128418,128420,128422,128424],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,128401,100],{"class":99},[44,128403,103],{"class":58},[44,128405,34060],{"class":89},[44,128407,86],{"class":58},[44,128409,8014],{"class":89},[44,128411,8011],{"class":58},[44,128413,127625],{"class":89},[44,128415,103],{"class":58},[44,128417,236],{"class":235},[44,128419,3214],{"class":239},[44,128421,236],{"class":235},[44,128423,4730],{"class":58},[44,128425,50608],{"class":3035},[131,128427,128429,9953,128431],{"id":128428},"find-vs-index",[15,128430,123595],{},[15,128432,58328],{},[20,128434,128435,342,128437,128439],{},[15,128436,123595],{},[15,128438,58328],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[145,128441,128442,128448],{},[148,128443,128444,772,128446],{},[15,128445,123595],{},[15,128447,65216],{},[148,128449,128450,51856,128452],{},[15,128451,58328],{},[15,128453,40060],{},[20,128455,1462,128456,128458],{},[15,128457,123595],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,128460,1462,128461,128463],{},[15,128462,58328],{}," when the value must exist.",[35,128465,128467],{"className":37,"code":128466,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,128468,128469,128481,128485],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128470,128471,128473,128475,128477,128479],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128472,34039],{"class":50},[44,128474,55],{"class":54},[44,128476,247],{"class":235},[44,128478,3214],{"class":239},[44,128480,2727],{"class":235},[44,128482,128483],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,128484,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,128486,128487,128489,128491,128493,128495,128497,128499,128501,128503,128505,128507],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,128488,100],{"class":99},[44,128490,103],{"class":58},[44,128492,34060],{"class":89},[44,128494,86],{"class":58},[44,128496,127625],{"class":89},[44,128498,103],{"class":58},[44,128500,236],{"class":235},[44,128502,1104],{"class":239},[44,128504,236],{"class":235},[44,128506,4730],{"class":58},[44,128508,128509],{"class":3035},"   # -1\n",[35,128511,128513],{"className":37,"code":128512,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,128514,128515,128527,128531],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128516,128517,128519,128521,128523,128525],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128518,34039],{"class":50},[44,128520,55],{"class":54},[44,128522,247],{"class":235},[44,128524,3214],{"class":239},[44,128526,2727],{"class":235},[44,128528,128529],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,128530,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,128532,128533,128535,128537,128539,128541,128543,128545,128547,128549,128551,128553],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,128534,100],{"class":99},[44,128536,103],{"class":58},[44,128538,34060],{"class":89},[44,128540,86],{"class":58},[44,128542,35199],{"class":89},[44,128544,103],{"class":58},[44,128546,236],{"class":235},[44,128548,1104],{"class":239},[44,128550,236],{"class":235},[44,128552,4730],{"class":58},[44,128554,128555],{"class":3035},"  # ValueError\n",[20,128557,128558,128559,128563,128564,128566,128567,86],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[167,128560,128561,128290],{"href":123620},[15,128562,58328],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,128565,58328],{},", read ",[167,128568,25028,128569],{"href":72843},[15,128570,128571],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[131,128573,40402],{"id":40401},[20,128575,34758,128576,128578],{},[15,128577,123595],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[145,128580,128581,128584,128587,128590],{},[148,128582,128583],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[148,128585,128586],{},"Get the position of a word",[148,128588,128589],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[148,128591,128592],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,128594,128595],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[35,128597,128599],{"className":37,"code":128598,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,128600,128601,128614,128637,128641,128656,128672,128691,128705],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128602,128603,128605,128607,128609,128612],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128604,34039],{"class":50},[44,128606,55],{"class":54},[44,128608,247],{"class":235},[44,128610,128611],{"class":239},"name:Alice",[44,128613,2727],{"class":235},[44,128615,128616,128619,128621,128623,128625,128627,128629,128631,128633,128635],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,128617,128618],{"class":50},"colon_pos ",[44,128620,55],{"class":54},[44,128622,42199],{"class":50},[44,128624,86],{"class":58},[44,128626,127625],{"class":89},[44,128628,103],{"class":58},[44,128630,236],{"class":235},[44,128632,2255],{"class":239},[44,128634,236],{"class":235},[44,128636,108],{"class":58},[44,128638,128639],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,128640,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,128642,128643,128645,128648,128650,128652,128654],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,128644,6369],{"class":3245},[44,128646,128647],{"class":50}," colon_pos ",[44,128649,71953],{"class":54},[44,128651,1593],{"class":54},[44,128653,63],{"class":62},[44,128655,5764],{"class":58},[44,128657,128658,128661,128663,128665,128667,128670],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,128659,128660],{"class":50},"    label ",[44,128662,55],{"class":54},[44,128664,42199],{"class":50},[44,128666,74896],{"class":58},[44,128668,128669],{"class":50},"colon_pos",[44,128671,3006],{"class":58},[44,128673,128674,128676,128678,128680,128682,128684,128686,128688],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,128675,26749],{"class":50},[44,128677,55],{"class":54},[44,128679,42199],{"class":50},[44,128681,3270],{"class":58},[44,128683,128618],{"class":50},[44,128685,1429],{"class":54},[44,128687,4867],{"class":62},[44,128689,128690],{"class":58},":]\n",[44,128692,128693,128695,128697,128700,128702],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,128694,7442],{"class":99},[44,128696,103],{"class":58},[44,128698,128699],{"class":89},"label",[44,128701,3032],{"class":58},[44,128703,128704],{"class":3035},"  # name\n",[44,128706,128707,128709,128711,128713,128715],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,128708,7442],{"class":99},[44,128710,103],{"class":58},[44,128712,1843],{"class":89},[44,128714,3032],{"class":58},[44,128716,128717],{"class":3035},"  # Alice\n",[20,128719,128720,128721,86],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[167,128722,126636],{"href":122855},[131,128724,2200],{"id":2199},[20,128726,128727,128728,2255],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,128729,123595],{},[145,128731,128732,128741,128747,128752,128758],{},[148,128733,923,128734,7829,128736,945,128738,128740],{},[15,128735,123595],{},[15,128737,2974],{},[15,128739,3046],{}," instead of an index",[148,128742,128743,128744,128746],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,128745,65216],{}," when the substring is missing",[148,128748,350,128749,128751],{},[15,128750,123595],{}," without handling case differences",[148,128753,36558,128754,8078,128756],{},[15,128755,123595],{},[15,128757,58328],{},[148,128759,3949,128760,128762],{},[15,128761,123595],{}," changes the string",[20,128764,128765],{},"Example of a mistake:",[35,128767,128769],{"className":37,"code":128768,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,128770,128771,128783,128787,128807,128822,128828],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128772,128773,128775,128777,128779,128781],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128774,34039],{"class":50},[44,128776,55],{"class":54},[44,128778,247],{"class":235},[44,128780,3214],{"class":239},[44,128782,2727],{"class":235},[44,128784,128785],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,128786,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,128788,128789,128791,128793,128795,128797,128799,128801,128803,128805],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,128790,6369],{"class":3245},[44,128792,42199],{"class":50},[44,128794,86],{"class":58},[44,128796,127625],{"class":89},[44,128798,103],{"class":58},[44,128800,236],{"class":235},[44,128802,59799],{"class":239},[44,128804,236],{"class":235},[44,128806,7716],{"class":58},[44,128808,128809,128811,128813,128815,128818,128820],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,128810,7442],{"class":99},[44,128812,103],{"class":58},[44,128814,236],{"class":235},[44,128816,128817],{"class":239},"Found",[44,128819,236],{"class":235},[44,128821,108],{"class":58},[44,128823,128824,128826],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,128825,26782],{"class":3245},[44,128827,5764],{"class":58},[44,128829,128830,128832,128834,128836,128838,128840],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,128831,7442],{"class":99},[44,128833,103],{"class":58},[44,128835,236],{"class":235},[44,128837,25663],{"class":239},[44,128839,236],{"class":235},[44,128841,108],{"class":58},[20,128843,99161],{},[35,128845,128847],{"className":37,"code":128846,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Not found\n",[15,128848,128849],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128850,128851],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128852,128846],{"class":50},[20,128854,45062,128855,128858,128859,16422,128861,128863,128864,128866],{},[15,128856,128857],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,128860,1490],{},[15,128862,1490],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,128865,6369],{}," statement.",[20,128868,128869],{},"A safer version is:",[35,128871,128873],{"className":37,"code":128872,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,128874,128875,128887,128891,128920,128934,128940],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128876,128877,128879,128881,128883,128885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128878,34039],{"class":50},[44,128880,55],{"class":54},[44,128882,247],{"class":235},[44,128884,3214],{"class":239},[44,128886,2727],{"class":235},[44,128888,128889],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,128890,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,128892,128893,128895,128897,128899,128901,128903,128905,128907,128909,128911,128914,128916,128918],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,128894,6369],{"class":3245},[44,128896,42199],{"class":50},[44,128898,86],{"class":58},[44,128900,127625],{"class":89},[44,128902,103],{"class":58},[44,128904,236],{"class":235},[44,128906,59799],{"class":239},[44,128908,236],{"class":235},[44,128910,3032],{"class":58},[44,128912,128913],{"class":54}," !=",[44,128915,1593],{"class":54},[44,128917,63],{"class":62},[44,128919,5764],{"class":58},[44,128921,128922,128924,128926,128928,128930,128932],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,128923,7442],{"class":99},[44,128925,103],{"class":58},[44,128927,236],{"class":235},[44,128929,128817],{"class":239},[44,128931,236],{"class":235},[44,128933,108],{"class":58},[44,128935,128936,128938],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,128937,26782],{"class":3245},[44,128939,5764],{"class":58},[44,128941,128942,128944,128946,128948,128950,128952],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,128943,7442],{"class":99},[44,128945,103],{"class":58},[44,128947,236],{"class":235},[44,128949,25663],{"class":239},[44,128951,236],{"class":235},[44,128953,108],{"class":58},[20,128955,128956],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[35,128958,128960],{"className":37,"code":128959,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,128961,128962,128984,128998,129024,129038],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128963,128964,128966,128968,128970,128972,128974,128976,128978,128980,128982],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128965,100],{"class":99},[44,128967,103],{"class":58},[44,128969,34060],{"class":89},[44,128971,86],{"class":58},[44,128973,127625],{"class":89},[44,128975,103],{"class":58},[44,128977,1018],{"class":235},[44,128979,37746],{"class":239},[44,128981,1018],{"class":235},[44,128983,993],{"class":58},[44,128985,128986,128988,128990,128992,128994,128996],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,128987,100],{"class":99},[44,128989,103],{"class":58},[44,128991,41136],{"class":99},[44,128993,103],{"class":58},[44,128995,34060],{"class":89},[44,128997,993],{"class":58},[44,128999,129000,129002,129004,129006,129008,129010,129012,129014,129016,129018,129020,129022],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,129001,100],{"class":99},[44,129003,103],{"class":58},[44,129005,34060],{"class":89},[44,129007,86],{"class":58},[44,129009,8014],{"class":89},[44,129011,8011],{"class":58},[44,129013,127625],{"class":89},[44,129015,103],{"class":58},[44,129017,1018],{"class":235},[44,129019,37746],{"class":239},[44,129021,1018],{"class":235},[44,129023,993],{"class":58},[44,129025,129026,129028,129030,129032,129034,129036],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,129027,100],{"class":99},[44,129029,103],{"class":58},[44,129031,10529],{"class":99},[44,129033,103],{"class":58},[44,129035,34060],{"class":89},[44,129037,993],{"class":58},[44,129039,129040,129042,129044,129046,129048,129050,129052,129054,129056,129058,129060,129062,129064,129066],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,129041,100],{"class":99},[44,129043,103],{"class":58},[44,129045,34060],{"class":89},[44,129047,86],{"class":58},[44,129049,127625],{"class":89},[44,129051,103],{"class":58},[44,129053,1018],{"class":235},[44,129055,37746],{"class":239},[44,129057,1018],{"class":235},[44,129059,66],{"class":58},[44,129061,35405],{"class":89},[44,129063,66],{"class":58},[44,129065,64402],{"class":89},[44,129067,993],{"class":58},[20,129069,129070],{},"These help you check:",[145,129072,129073,129078,129083,129088,129091],{},[148,129074,129075,129076],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129077,123595],{},[148,129079,129080,129081],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129082,121814],{},[148,129084,129085,129086],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129087,123330],{},[148,129089,129090],{},"The string length",[148,129092,129093,129094,342,129096,129098],{},"Whether your ",[15,129095,35426],{},[15,129097,52022],{}," values are correct",[131,129100,1196],{"id":1195},[347,129102,129104,129105,129107],{"id":129103},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129106,123595],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129109,608,129110,86],{},[15,129111,65216],{},[347,129113,1212,129115,129117],{"id":129114},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129116,123595],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129119,129120],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[347,129122,129124,129125,123936],{"id":129123},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129126,123595],{},[20,129128,129129],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[347,129131,1234,129133,342,129135,69017],{"id":129132},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129134,123595],{},[15,129136,58328],{},[20,129138,129139,772,129141,129143,129144,51856,129146,86],{},[15,129140,123595],{},[15,129142,65216],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129145,58328],{},[15,129147,40060],{},[347,129149,27677,129151,129153],{"id":129150},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129152,123595],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129155,129156,129157,342,129159,65515],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129158,35426],{},[15,129160,52022],{},[131,129162,1251],{"id":1250},[145,129164,129165,129171,129177,129184,129190,129197,129201,129206],{},[148,129166,129167],{},[167,129168,125600,129169,1272],{"href":123620},[15,129170,58328],{},[148,129172,129173],{},[167,129174,125600,129175,1272],{"href":128287},[15,129176,59892],{},[148,129178,129179],{},[167,129180,125600,129182,1272],{"href":129181},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129183,123771],{},[148,129185,129186],{},[167,129187,125600,129188,1272],{"href":126965},[15,129189,126968],{},[148,129191,129192],{},[167,129193,125600,129195,1272],{"href":129194},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129196,125658],{},[148,129198,129199],{},[167,129200,123999],{"href":122855},[148,129202,129203],{},[167,129204,129205],{"href":128283},"How to split a string in Python",[148,129207,129208],{},[167,129209,25470,129210],{"href":72843},[15,129211,128571],{},[1294,129213,129214],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":129216},[129217,129219,129222,129223,129224,129225,129227,129228,129229,129241],{"id":127701,"depth":80,"text":129218},"What find() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175,"children":129220},[129221],{"id":16744,"depth":96,"text":16745},{"id":37374,"depth":80,"text":37375},{"id":64768,"depth":80,"text":65551},{"id":123246,"depth":80,"text":123247},{"id":128428,"depth":80,"text":129226},"find() vs index()",{"id":40401,"depth":80,"text":40402},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":129230},[129231,129233,129235,129237,129239],{"id":129103,"depth":96,"text":129232},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129114,"depth":96,"text":129234},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129123,"depth":96,"text":129236},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129132,"depth":96,"text":129238},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129150,"depth":96,"text":129240},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":127573,"description":129242},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129249,"title":129250,"body":129251,"description":131177,"extension":1331,"meta":131178,"navigation":268,"path":131179,"seo":131180,"stem":131181,"__hash__":131182},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129252,"toc":131145},[129253,129258,129263,129266,129268,129344,129348,129376,129384,129388,129393,129397,129414,129416,129483,129487,129509,129517,129519,129522,129546,129549,129563,129565,129650,129654,129666,129669,129673,129679,129729,129733,129750,129759,129762,129770,129773,129822,129826,129851,129854,129909,129913,129925,129931,129935,129941,129946,130013,130017,130043,130046,130057,130059,130126,130130,130155,130162,130166,130171,130178,130186,130188,130240,130244,130262,130264,130309,130313,130328,130331,130341,130348,130350,130354,130357,130368,130370,130430,130434,130462,130465,130471,130476,130479,130483,130527,130530,130568,130571,130579,130581,130586,130590,130593,130641,130644,130647,130703,130707,130712,130715,130764,130766,130815,130821,130826,130828,130875,130879,130892,130894,130945,130951,130954,130958,130961,130967,130972,130974,130977,131049,131052,131069,131071,131076,131079,131083,131089,131095,131102,131108,131114,131116,131142],[10,129254,122600,129256,18],{"id":129255},"python-string-format-method",[15,129257,125603],{},[20,129259,122605,129260,129262],{},[15,129261,125603],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129264,129265],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[131,129267,1372],{"id":1371},[35,129269,129271],{"className":37,"code":129270,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129272,129273,129285,129293,129297,129334],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129274,129275,129277,129279,129281,129283],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129276,7249],{"class":50},[44,129278,55],{"class":54},[44,129280,247],{"class":235},[44,129282,10870],{"class":239},[44,129284,2727],{"class":235},[44,129286,129287,129289,129291],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,129288,20976],{"class":50},[44,129290,55],{"class":54},[44,129292,88160],{"class":62},[44,129294,129295],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,129296,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,129298,129299,129301,129303,129305,129308,129310,129313,129315,129317,129319,129321,129324,129326,129328,129330,129332],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,129300,89368],{"class":50},[44,129302,55],{"class":54},[44,129304,247],{"class":235},[44,129306,129307],{"class":239},"My name is ",[44,129309,957],{"class":62},[44,129311,129312],{"class":239}," and I am ",[44,129314,957],{"class":62},[44,129316,121596],{"class":239},[44,129318,236],{"class":235},[44,129320,86],{"class":58},[44,129322,129323],{"class":89},"format",[44,129325,103],{"class":58},[44,129327,7041],{"class":89},[44,129329,66],{"class":58},[44,129331,8559],{"class":89},[44,129333,108],{"class":58},[44,129335,129336,129338,129340,129342],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,129337,100],{"class":99},[44,129339,103],{"class":58},[44,129341,89385],{"class":89},[44,129343,108],{"class":58},[20,129345,129346],{},[30,129347,111],{},[35,129349,129351],{"className":37,"code":129350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129352,129353],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129354,129355,129358,129360,129363,129366,129369,129372,129374],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129356,129357],{"class":50},"My name ",[44,129359,11552],{"class":54},[44,129361,129362],{"class":50}," Maya ",[44,129364,129365],{"class":54},"and",[44,129367,129368],{"class":50}," I am ",[44,129370,129371],{"class":62},"12",[44,129373,121629],{"class":50},[44,129375,121632],{"class":58},[20,129377,1462,129378,129380,129381,129383],{},[15,129379,957],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129382,125603],{}," in the same order.",[20,129385,124352,129386,86],{},[167,129387,124355],{"href":50336},[131,129389,12353,129391,12356],{"id":129390},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129392,125603],{},[20,129394,140,129395,143],{},[15,129396,125603],{},[145,129398,129399,129402,129408,129411],{},[148,129400,129401],{},"inserts values into a string",[148,129403,129404,129405,129407],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129406,957],{}," with given values",[148,129409,129410],{},"returns a new string",[148,129412,129413],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129415,1578],{},[35,129417,129419],{"className":37,"code":129418,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129420,129421,129435,129458,129462,129473],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129422,129423,129425,129427,129429,129431,129433],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129424,34039],{"class":50},[44,129426,55],{"class":54},[44,129428,247],{"class":235},[44,129430,44260],{"class":239},[44,129432,957],{"class":62},[44,129434,2727],{"class":235},[44,129436,129437,129440,129442,129444,129446,129448,129450,129452,129454,129456],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,129438,129439],{"class":50},"new_text ",[44,129441,55],{"class":54},[44,129443,42199],{"class":50},[44,129445,86],{"class":58},[44,129447,129323],{"class":89},[44,129449,103],{"class":58},[44,129451,236],{"class":235},[44,129453,7050],{"class":239},[44,129455,236],{"class":235},[44,129457,108],{"class":58},[44,129459,129460],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,129461,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,129463,129464,129466,129468,129471],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,129465,100],{"class":99},[44,129467,103],{"class":58},[44,129469,129470],{"class":89},"new_text",[44,129472,108],{"class":58},[44,129474,129475,129477,129479,129481],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,129476,100],{"class":99},[44,129478,103],{"class":58},[44,129480,34060],{"class":89},[44,129482,108],{"class":58},[20,129484,129485],{},[30,129486,111],{},[35,129488,129490],{"className":37,"code":129489,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,129491,129492,129501],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129493,129494,129496,129498],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129495,34219],{"class":50},[44,129497,66],{"class":58},[44,129499,129500],{"class":50}," Sam\n",[44,129502,129503,129505,129507],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,129504,34219],{"class":50},[44,129506,66],{"class":58},[44,129508,976],{"class":58},[20,129510,1656,129511,129513,129514,129516],{},[15,129512,34060],{}," stays the same. ",[15,129515,125603],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[131,129518,175],{"id":174},[20,129520,129521],{},"The general form is:",[35,129523,129525],{"className":37,"code":129524,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,129526,129527],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129528,129529,129531,129534,129536,129538,129540,129542,129544],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129530,236],{"class":42686},[44,129532,129533],{"class":42690},"text {}",[44,129535,236],{"class":42686},[44,129537,86],{"class":58},[44,129539,129323],{"class":89},[44,129541,103],{"class":58},[44,129543,1843],{"class":89},[44,129545,108],{"class":58},[20,129547,129548],{},"Key idea:",[145,129550,129551,129557,129560],{},[148,129552,129553,129554,129556],{},"each ",[15,129555,957],{}," is a placeholder",[148,129558,129559],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[148,129561,129562],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,129564,1578],{},[35,129566,129568],{"className":37,"code":129567,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,129569,129570,129583,129597,129601,129639],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129571,129572,129575,129577,129579,129581],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129573,129574],{"class":50},"animal ",[44,129576,55],{"class":54},[44,129578,247],{"class":235},[44,129580,36401],{"class":239},[44,129582,2727],{"class":235},[44,129584,129585,129588,129590,129592,129595],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,129586,129587],{"class":50},"sound ",[44,129589,55],{"class":54},[44,129591,247],{"class":235},[44,129593,129594],{"class":239},"meow",[44,129596,2727],{"class":235},[44,129598,129599],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,129600,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,129602,129603,129606,129608,129610,129612,129614,129617,129619,129621,129623,129625,129627,129629,129632,129634,129637],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,129604,129605],{"class":50},"sentence ",[44,129607,55],{"class":54},[44,129609,247],{"class":235},[44,129611,140],{"class":239},[44,129613,957],{"class":62},[44,129615,129616],{"class":239}," says ",[44,129618,957],{"class":62},[44,129620,86],{"class":239},[44,129622,236],{"class":235},[44,129624,86],{"class":58},[44,129626,129323],{"class":89},[44,129628,103],{"class":58},[44,129630,129631],{"class":89},"animal",[44,129633,66],{"class":58},[44,129635,129636],{"class":89}," sound",[44,129638,108],{"class":58},[44,129640,129641,129643,129645,129648],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,129642,100],{"class":99},[44,129644,103],{"class":58},[44,129646,129647],{"class":89},"sentence",[44,129649,108],{"class":58},[20,129651,129652],{},[30,129653,111],{},[35,129655,129657],{"className":37,"code":129656,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,129658,129659],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129660,129661,129664],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129662,129663],{"class":50},"The cat says meow",[44,129665,121632],{"class":58},[20,129667,129668],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[131,129670,129672],{"id":129671},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,129674,129675,129676,129678],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,129677,957],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[35,129680,129682],{"className":37,"code":129681,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,129683,129684],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129685,129686,129688,129690,129692,129695,129697,129699,129701,129703,129705,129707,129709,129711,129713,129716,129718,129720,129722,129725,129727],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129687,100],{"class":99},[44,129689,103],{"class":58},[44,129691,236],{"class":235},[44,129693,129694],{"class":239},"I like ",[44,129696,957],{"class":62},[44,129698,342],{"class":239},[44,129700,957],{"class":62},[44,129702,86],{"class":239},[44,129704,236],{"class":235},[44,129706,86],{"class":58},[44,129708,129323],{"class":89},[44,129710,103],{"class":58},[44,129712,236],{"class":235},[44,129714,129715],{"class":239},"pizza",[44,129717,236],{"class":235},[44,129719,66],{"class":58},[44,129721,247],{"class":235},[44,129723,129724],{"class":239},"pasta",[44,129726,236],{"class":235},[44,129728,993],{"class":58},[20,129730,129731],{},[30,129732,111],{},[35,129734,129736],{"className":37,"code":129735,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,129737,129738],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129739,129740,129743,129745,129748],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129741,129742],{"class":50},"I like pizza ",[44,129744,129365],{"class":54},[44,129746,129747],{"class":50}," pasta",[44,129749,121632],{"class":58},[20,129751,129752,129753,342,129756,86],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,129754,129755],{},"{0}",[15,129757,129758],{},"{1}",[20,129760,129761],{},"This is helpful when:",[145,129763,129764,129767],{},[148,129765,129766],{},"you want to reuse a value",[148,129768,129769],{},"you want to change the order",[20,129771,129772],{},"Example with reused values:",[35,129774,129776],{"className":37,"code":129775,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,129777,129778,129812],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129779,129780,129782,129784,129786,129788,129791,129793,129796,129798,129800,129802,129804,129806,129808,129810],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129781,34039],{"class":50},[44,129783,55],{"class":54},[44,129785,247],{"class":235},[44,129787,129755],{"class":62},[44,129789,129790],{"class":239}," is learning Python. ",[44,129792,129755],{"class":62},[44,129794,129795],{"class":239}," likes coding.",[44,129797,236],{"class":235},[44,129799,86],{"class":58},[44,129801,129323],{"class":89},[44,129803,103],{"class":58},[44,129805,236],{"class":235},[44,129807,19230],{"class":239},[44,129809,236],{"class":235},[44,129811,108],{"class":58},[44,129813,129814,129816,129818,129820],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,129815,100],{"class":99},[44,129817,103],{"class":58},[44,129819,34060],{"class":89},[44,129821,108],{"class":58},[20,129823,129824],{},[30,129825,111],{},[35,129827,129829],{"className":37,"code":129828,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,129830,129831],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129832,129833,129836,129838,129841,129843,129846,129849],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129834,129835],{"class":50},"Lina ",[44,129837,11552],{"class":54},[44,129839,129840],{"class":50}," learning Python",[44,129842,86],{"class":58},[44,129844,129845],{"class":24098}," Lina",[44,129847,129848],{"class":50}," likes coding",[44,129850,121632],{"class":58},[20,129852,129853],{},"Example with changed order:",[35,129855,129857],{"className":37,"code":129856,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,129858,129859,129899],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129860,129861,129863,129865,129867,129869,129871,129873,129875,129877,129879,129881,129883,129885,129887,129889,129891,129893,129895,129897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129862,34039],{"class":50},[44,129864,55],{"class":54},[44,129866,247],{"class":235},[44,129868,129758],{"class":62},[44,129870,82687],{"class":239},[44,129872,129755],{"class":62},[44,129874,86],{"class":239},[44,129876,236],{"class":235},[44,129878,86],{"class":58},[44,129880,129323],{"class":89},[44,129882,103],{"class":58},[44,129884,236],{"class":235},[44,129886,5956],{"class":239},[44,129888,236],{"class":235},[44,129890,66],{"class":58},[44,129892,247],{"class":235},[44,129894,78632],{"class":239},[44,129896,236],{"class":235},[44,129898,108],{"class":58},[44,129900,129901,129903,129905,129907],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,129902,100],{"class":99},[44,129904,103],{"class":58},[44,129906,34060],{"class":89},[44,129908,108],{"class":58},[20,129910,129911],{},[30,129912,111],{},[35,129914,129916],{"className":37,"code":129915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"two comes after one.\n",[15,129917,129918],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129919,129920,129923],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129921,129922],{"class":50},"two comes after one",[44,129924,121632],{"class":58},[20,129926,129927,129928,129930],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,129929,957],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[131,129932,129934],{"id":129933},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,129936,129937,129938,86],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,129939,129940],{},"{name}",[20,129942,129943,129944,2255],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,129945,125603],{},[35,129947,129949],{"className":37,"code":129948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,129950,129951,130003],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129952,129953,129955,129957,129959,129961,129963,129966,129969,129971,129973,129975,129977,129979,129981,129983,129985,129987,129989,129991,129993,129995,129997,129999,130001],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129954,34039],{"class":50},[44,129956,55],{"class":54},[44,129958,247],{"class":235},[44,129960,129307],{"class":239},[44,129962,129940],{"class":62},[44,129964,129965],{"class":239}," and I live in ",[44,129967,129968],{"class":62},"{city}",[44,129970,86],{"class":239},[44,129972,236],{"class":235},[44,129974,86],{"class":58},[44,129976,129323],{"class":89},[44,129978,103],{"class":58},[44,129980,7041],{"class":8546},[44,129982,55],{"class":54},[44,129984,236],{"class":235},[44,129986,12237],{"class":239},[44,129988,236],{"class":235},[44,129990,66],{"class":58},[44,129992,30734],{"class":8546},[44,129994,55],{"class":54},[44,129996,236],{"class":235},[44,129998,15382],{"class":239},[44,130000,236],{"class":235},[44,130002,108],{"class":58},[44,130004,130005,130007,130009,130011],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,130006,100],{"class":99},[44,130008,103],{"class":58},[44,130010,34060],{"class":89},[44,130012,108],{"class":58},[20,130014,130015],{},[30,130016,111],{},[35,130018,130020],{"className":37,"code":130019,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130021,130022],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130023,130024,130026,130028,130031,130033,130036,130038,130041],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130025,129357],{"class":50},[44,130027,11552],{"class":54},[44,130029,130030],{"class":50}," Ana ",[44,130032,129365],{"class":54},[44,130034,130035],{"class":50}," I live ",[44,130037,3252],{"class":54},[44,130039,130040],{"class":50}," Lima",[44,130042,121632],{"class":58},[20,130044,130045],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[145,130047,130048,130051,130054],{},[148,130049,130050],{},"they make code easier to read",[148,130052,130053],{},"they help when a string has many values",[148,130055,130056],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130058,1578],{},[35,130060,130062],{"className":37,"code":130061,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130063,130064,130116],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130065,130066,130069,130071,130073,130076,130079,130082,130085,130087,130089,130091,130093,130095,130097,130099,130102,130104,130106,130109,130111,130114],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130067,130068],{"class":50},"report ",[44,130070,55],{"class":54},[44,130072,247],{"class":235},[44,130074,130075],{"class":239},"Student: ",[44,130077,130078],{"class":62},"{student}",[44,130080,130081],{"class":239},", Score: ",[44,130083,130084],{"class":62},"{score}",[44,130086,236],{"class":235},[44,130088,86],{"class":58},[44,130090,129323],{"class":89},[44,130092,103],{"class":58},[44,130094,12980],{"class":8546},[44,130096,55],{"class":54},[44,130098,236],{"class":235},[44,130100,130101],{"class":239},"Noah",[44,130103,236],{"class":235},[44,130105,66],{"class":58},[44,130107,130108],{"class":8546}," score",[44,130110,55],{"class":54},[44,130112,130113],{"class":62},"95",[44,130115,108],{"class":58},[44,130117,130118,130120,130122,130124],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,130119,100],{"class":99},[44,130121,103],{"class":58},[44,130123,127313],{"class":89},[44,130125,108],{"class":58},[20,130127,130128],{},[30,130129,111],{},[35,130131,130133],{"className":37,"code":130132,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130134,130135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130136,130137,130140,130142,130145,130147,130150,130152],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130138,130139],{"class":50},"Student",[44,130141,2255],{"class":58},[44,130143,130144],{"class":50}," Noah",[44,130146,66],{"class":58},[44,130148,130149],{"class":50}," Score",[44,130151,2255],{"class":58},[44,130153,130154],{"class":62}," 95\n",[20,130156,130157,130158,86],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[167,130159,2945,130160,2878],{"href":41532},[15,130161,47043],{},[131,130163,130165],{"id":130164},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130167,130168,130170],{},[15,130169,125603],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130172,130173,130174,130177],{},"A common example is ",[15,130175,130176],{},":.2f",", which means:",[145,130179,130180,130183],{},[148,130181,130182],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[148,130184,130185],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130187,1578],{},[35,130189,130191],{"className":37,"code":130190,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130192,130193,130201,130230],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130194,130195,130197,130199],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130196,39743],{"class":50},[44,130198,55],{"class":54},[44,130200,48636],{"class":62},[44,130202,130203,130205,130207,130209,130212,130214,130216,130218,130220,130222,130224,130226,130228],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,130204,34039],{"class":50},[44,130206,55],{"class":54},[44,130208,247],{"class":235},[44,130210,130211],{"class":239},"Price: $",[44,130213,550],{"class":62},[44,130215,130176],{"class":1008},[44,130217,21650],{"class":62},[44,130219,236],{"class":235},[44,130221,86],{"class":58},[44,130223,129323],{"class":89},[44,130225,103],{"class":58},[44,130227,24498],{"class":89},[44,130229,108],{"class":58},[44,130231,130232,130234,130236,130238],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,130233,100],{"class":99},[44,130235,103],{"class":58},[44,130237,34060],{"class":89},[44,130239,108],{"class":58},[20,130241,130242],{},[30,130243,111],{},[35,130245,130247],{"className":37,"code":130246,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130248,130249],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130250,130251,130254,130256,130259],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130252,130253],{"class":50},"Price",[44,130255,2255],{"class":58},[44,130257,130258],{"class":36721}," $",[44,130260,130261],{"class":62},"3.50\n",[20,130263,51441],{},[35,130265,130267],{"className":37,"code":130266,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130268,130269,130279],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130270,130271,130274,130276],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130272,130273],{"class":50},"average ",[44,130275,55],{"class":54},[44,130277,130278],{"class":62}," 91.236\n",[44,130280,130281,130283,130285,130287,130290,130292,130294,130296,130298,130300,130302,130304,130307],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,130282,100],{"class":99},[44,130284,103],{"class":58},[44,130286,236],{"class":235},[44,130288,130289],{"class":239},"Average: ",[44,130291,550],{"class":62},[44,130293,130176],{"class":1008},[44,130295,21650],{"class":62},[44,130297,236],{"class":235},[44,130299,86],{"class":58},[44,130301,129323],{"class":89},[44,130303,103],{"class":58},[44,130305,130306],{"class":89},"average",[44,130308,993],{"class":58},[20,130310,130311],{},[30,130312,111],{},[35,130314,130316],{"className":37,"code":130315,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130317,130318],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130319,130320,130323,130325],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130321,130322],{"class":50},"Average",[44,130324,2255],{"class":58},[44,130326,130327],{"class":62}," 91.24\n",[20,130329,130330],{},"This is useful for:",[145,130332,130333,130335,130338],{},[148,130334,82445],{},[148,130336,130337],{},"averages",[148,130339,130340],{},"percentages",[20,130342,130343,130344,86],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[167,130345,2945,130346,1673],{"href":45808},[15,130347,45811],{},[131,130349,596],{"id":595},[20,130351,130352,91882],{},[15,130353,125603],{},[20,130355,130356],{},"That means you can:",[145,130358,130359,130362,130365],{},[148,130360,130361],{},"save it in a variable",[148,130363,130364],{},"print it directly",[148,130366,130367],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130369,1578],{},[35,130371,130373],{"className":37,"code":130372,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130374,130375,130406,130416],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130376,130377,130379,130381,130383,130385,130387,130389,130391,130393,130395,130397,130399,130402,130404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130378,89368],{"class":50},[44,130380,55],{"class":54},[44,130382,247],{"class":235},[44,130384,44260],{"class":239},[44,130386,957],{"class":62},[44,130388,89209],{"class":239},[44,130390,236],{"class":235},[44,130392,86],{"class":58},[44,130394,129323],{"class":89},[44,130396,103],{"class":58},[44,130398,236],{"class":235},[44,130400,130401],{"class":239},"Chris",[44,130403,236],{"class":235},[44,130405,108],{"class":58},[44,130407,130408,130410,130412,130414],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,130409,100],{"class":99},[44,130411,103],{"class":58},[44,130413,89385],{"class":89},[44,130415,108],{"class":58},[44,130417,130418,130420,130422,130424,130426,130428],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,130419,100],{"class":99},[44,130421,103],{"class":58},[44,130423,985],{"class":121},[44,130425,103],{"class":58},[44,130427,89385],{"class":89},[44,130429,993],{"class":58},[20,130431,130432],{},[30,130433,111],{},[35,130435,130437],{"className":37,"code":130436,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,130438,130439,130448],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130440,130441,130443,130445],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130442,34219],{"class":50},[44,130444,66],{"class":58},[44,130446,130447],{"class":50}," Chris!\n",[44,130449,130450,130452,130454,130456,130458,130460],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,130451,1005],{"class":54},[44,130453,1009],{"class":1008},[44,130455,1012],{"class":235},[44,130457,2812],{"class":239},[44,130459,1018],{"class":235},[44,130461,1021],{"class":54},[20,130463,130464],{},"The original string is not changed.",[131,130466,130468,130470],{"id":130467},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,130469,125603],{}," vs f-strings",[20,130472,130473,130475],{},[15,130474,125603],{}," is a string method.",[20,130477,130478],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,130480,45399,130481,2255],{},[15,130482,125603],{},[35,130484,130486],{"className":37,"code":130485,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,130487,130488,130501],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130489,130490,130492,130494,130496,130499],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130491,7249],{"class":50},[44,130493,55],{"class":54},[44,130495,247],{"class":235},[44,130497,130498],{"class":239},"Rita",[44,130500,2727],{"class":235},[44,130502,130503,130505,130507,130509,130511,130513,130515,130517,130519,130521,130523,130525],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,130504,100],{"class":99},[44,130506,103],{"class":58},[44,130508,236],{"class":235},[44,130510,44260],{"class":239},[44,130512,957],{"class":62},[44,130514,89209],{"class":239},[44,130516,236],{"class":235},[44,130518,86],{"class":58},[44,130520,129323],{"class":89},[44,130522,103],{"class":58},[44,130524,7041],{"class":89},[44,130526,993],{"class":58},[20,130528,130529],{},"Example with an f-string:",[35,130531,130533],{"className":37,"code":130532,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,130534,130535,130547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130536,130537,130539,130541,130543,130545],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130538,7249],{"class":50},[44,130540,55],{"class":54},[44,130542,247],{"class":235},[44,130544,130498],{"class":239},[44,130546,2727],{"class":235},[44,130548,130549,130551,130553,130555,130557,130559,130561,130563,130566],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,130550,100],{"class":99},[44,130552,103],{"class":58},[44,130554,21641],{"class":1008},[44,130556,42704],{"class":239},[44,130558,550],{"class":62},[44,130560,7041],{"class":89},[44,130562,21650],{"class":62},[44,130564,130565],{"class":239},"!\"",[44,130567,108],{"class":58},[20,130569,130570],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,130572,130573,130574,130576,130577,86],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,130575,125603],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[167,130578,89054],{"href":89053},[131,130580,2200],{"id":2199},[20,130582,130583,130584,86],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,130585,125603],{},[347,130587,130589],{"id":130588},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,130591,130592],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[35,130594,130596],{"className":37,"code":130595,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130597,130598,130631],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130599,130600,130602,130604,130606,130608,130610,130613,130615,130617,130619,130621,130623,130625,130627,130629],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130601,34039],{"class":50},[44,130603,55],{"class":54},[44,130605,247],{"class":235},[44,130607,44260],{"class":239},[44,130609,957],{"class":62},[44,130611,130612],{"class":62}," {}",[44,130614,89209],{"class":239},[44,130616,236],{"class":235},[44,130618,86],{"class":58},[44,130620,129323],{"class":89},[44,130622,103],{"class":58},[44,130624,236],{"class":235},[44,130626,7050],{"class":239},[44,130628,236],{"class":235},[44,130630,108],{"class":58},[44,130632,130633,130635,130637,130639],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,130634,100],{"class":99},[44,130636,103],{"class":58},[44,130638,34060],{"class":89},[44,130640,108],{"class":58},[20,130642,130643],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,130645,130646],{},"Fixed version:",[35,130648,130650],{"className":37,"code":130649,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130651,130652,130693],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130653,130654,130656,130658,130660,130662,130664,130666,130668,130670,130672,130674,130676,130678,130680,130682,130684,130686,130689,130691],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130655,34039],{"class":50},[44,130657,55],{"class":54},[44,130659,247],{"class":235},[44,130661,44260],{"class":239},[44,130663,957],{"class":62},[44,130665,130612],{"class":62},[44,130667,89209],{"class":239},[44,130669,236],{"class":235},[44,130671,86],{"class":58},[44,130673,129323],{"class":89},[44,130675,103],{"class":58},[44,130677,236],{"class":235},[44,130679,7050],{"class":239},[44,130681,236],{"class":235},[44,130683,66],{"class":58},[44,130685,247],{"class":235},[44,130687,130688],{"class":239},"Lee",[44,130690,236],{"class":235},[44,130692,108],{"class":58},[44,130694,130695,130697,130699,130701],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,130696,100],{"class":99},[44,130698,103],{"class":58},[44,130700,34060],{"class":89},[44,130702,108],{"class":58},[347,130704,130706],{"id":130705},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,130708,130709,130710,86],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,130711,125603],{},[20,130713,130714],{},"Problem:",[35,130716,130718],{"className":37,"code":130717,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130719,130720,130754],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130721,130722,130724,130726,130728,130730,130732,130734,130736,130738,130740,130742,130744,130746,130748,130750,130752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130723,34039],{"class":50},[44,130725,55],{"class":54},[44,130727,247],{"class":235},[44,130729,44260],{"class":239},[44,130731,129940],{"class":62},[44,130733,89209],{"class":239},[44,130735,236],{"class":235},[44,130737,86],{"class":58},[44,130739,129323],{"class":89},[44,130741,103],{"class":58},[44,130743,7358],{"class":8546},[44,130745,55],{"class":54},[44,130747,236],{"class":235},[44,130749,7050],{"class":239},[44,130751,236],{"class":235},[44,130753,108],{"class":58},[44,130755,130756,130758,130760,130762],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,130757,100],{"class":99},[44,130759,103],{"class":58},[44,130761,34060],{"class":89},[44,130763,108],{"class":58},[20,130765,130646],{},[35,130767,130769],{"className":37,"code":130768,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130770,130771,130805],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130772,130773,130775,130777,130779,130781,130783,130785,130787,130789,130791,130793,130795,130797,130799,130801,130803],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130774,34039],{"class":50},[44,130776,55],{"class":54},[44,130778,247],{"class":235},[44,130780,44260],{"class":239},[44,130782,129940],{"class":62},[44,130784,89209],{"class":239},[44,130786,236],{"class":235},[44,130788,86],{"class":58},[44,130790,129323],{"class":89},[44,130792,103],{"class":58},[44,130794,7041],{"class":8546},[44,130796,55],{"class":54},[44,130798,236],{"class":235},[44,130800,7050],{"class":239},[44,130802,236],{"class":235},[44,130804,108],{"class":58},[44,130806,130807,130809,130811,130813],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,130808,100],{"class":99},[44,130810,103],{"class":58},[44,130812,34060],{"class":89},[44,130814,108],{"class":58},[347,130816,923,130818,130820],{"id":130817},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,130819,125603],{}," to change the original string",[20,130822,130823,130825],{},[15,130824,125603],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,130827,130714],{},[35,130829,130831],{"className":37,"code":130830,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130832,130833,130847,130865],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130834,130835,130837,130839,130841,130843,130845],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130836,34039],{"class":50},[44,130838,55],{"class":54},[44,130840,247],{"class":235},[44,130842,44260],{"class":239},[44,130844,957],{"class":62},[44,130846,2727],{"class":235},[44,130848,130849,130851,130853,130855,130857,130859,130861,130863],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,130850,34060],{"class":50},[44,130852,86],{"class":58},[44,130854,129323],{"class":89},[44,130856,103],{"class":58},[44,130858,236],{"class":235},[44,130860,7050],{"class":239},[44,130862,236],{"class":235},[44,130864,108],{"class":58},[44,130866,130867,130869,130871,130873],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,130868,100],{"class":99},[44,130870,103],{"class":58},[44,130872,34060],{"class":89},[44,130874,108],{"class":58},[20,130876,130877],{},[30,130878,111],{},[35,130880,130882],{"className":37,"code":130881,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello, {}\n",[15,130883,130884],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130885,130886,130888,130890],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130887,34219],{"class":50},[44,130889,66],{"class":58},[44,130891,976],{"class":58},[20,130893,130646],{},[35,130895,130897],{"className":37,"code":130896,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130898,130899,130913,130935],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130900,130901,130903,130905,130907,130909,130911],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130902,34039],{"class":50},[44,130904,55],{"class":54},[44,130906,247],{"class":235},[44,130908,44260],{"class":239},[44,130910,957],{"class":62},[44,130912,2727],{"class":235},[44,130914,130915,130917,130919,130921,130923,130925,130927,130929,130931,130933],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,130916,34039],{"class":50},[44,130918,55],{"class":54},[44,130920,42199],{"class":50},[44,130922,86],{"class":58},[44,130924,129323],{"class":89},[44,130926,103],{"class":58},[44,130928,236],{"class":235},[44,130930,7050],{"class":239},[44,130932,236],{"class":235},[44,130934,108],{"class":58},[44,130936,130937,130939,130941,130943],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,130938,100],{"class":99},[44,130940,103],{"class":58},[44,130942,34060],{"class":89},[44,130944,108],{"class":58},[347,130946,4074,130948,130950],{"id":130947},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,130949,125603],{}," returns a new string",[20,130952,130953],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[347,130955,130957],{"id":130956},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,130959,130960],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,130962,130963,130964,130966],{},"Use simple ",[15,130965,957],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,130968,130969,130970,86],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[167,130971,89767],{"href":89766},[131,130973,67257],{"id":67256},[20,130975,130976],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[35,130978,130980],{"className":37,"code":130979,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,130981,130982,130992,131006,131035],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130983,130984,130986,130988,130990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130985,100],{"class":99},[44,130987,103],{"class":58},[44,130989,34060],{"class":89},[44,130991,108],{"class":58},[44,130993,130994,130996,130998,131000,131002,131004],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,130995,100],{"class":99},[44,130997,103],{"class":58},[44,130999,985],{"class":121},[44,131001,103],{"class":58},[44,131003,1843],{"class":89},[44,131005,993],{"class":58},[44,131007,131008,131010,131012,131014,131017,131019,131021,131023,131025,131027,131029,131031,131033],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,131009,100],{"class":99},[44,131011,103],{"class":58},[44,131013,236],{"class":235},[44,131015,131016],{"class":239},"Hello ",[44,131018,957],{"class":62},[44,131020,236],{"class":235},[44,131022,86],{"class":58},[44,131024,129323],{"class":89},[44,131026,103],{"class":58},[44,131028,236],{"class":235},[44,131030,7050],{"class":239},[44,131032,236],{"class":235},[44,131034,993],{"class":58},[44,131036,131037,131039,131041,131043,131045,131047],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,131038,31502],{"class":99},[44,131040,103],{"class":58},[44,131042,2812],{"class":121},[44,131044,86],{"class":58},[44,131046,129323],{"class":24098},[44,131048,108],{"class":58},[20,131050,131051],{},"Use them to check:",[145,131053,131054,131057,131060,131063],{},[148,131055,131056],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[148,131058,131059],{},"what type your value has",[148,131061,131062],{},"whether a small test example works",[148,131064,131065,131066],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131067,131068],{},"str.format",[131,131070,1196],{"id":1195},[347,131072,129104,131074,12073],{"id":131073},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131075,125603],{},[20,131077,131078],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[347,131080,131082],{"id":131081},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131084,131085,131086,131088],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131087,957],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[347,131090,131092,131093,1239],{"id":131091},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131094,125603],{},[20,131096,131097,131098,131101],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131099,131100],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[347,131103,14257,131105,131107],{"id":131104},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131106,125603],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131109,131110,131111,131113],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131112,125603],{}," is still useful and common.",[131,131115,1251],{"id":1250},[145,131117,131118,131122,131126,131132,131138],{},[148,131119,131120],{},[167,131121,124355],{"href":50336},[148,131123,131124],{},[167,131125,90044],{"href":89053},[148,131127,131128],{},[167,131129,2945,131130,2878],{"href":45808},[15,131131,45811],{},[148,131133,131134],{},[167,131135,2945,131136,2878],{"href":41532},[15,131137,47043],{},[148,131139,131140],{},[167,131141,89767],{"href":89766},[1294,131143,131144],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":131146},[131147,131148,131150,131151,131152,131153,131154,131155,131157,131166,131167,131176],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":129390,"depth":80,"text":131149},"What the format() method does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":129671,"depth":80,"text":129672},{"id":129933,"depth":80,"text":129934},{"id":130164,"depth":80,"text":130165},{"id":595,"depth":80,"text":596},{"id":130467,"depth":80,"text":131156},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200,"children":131158},[131159,131160,131161,131163,131165],{"id":130588,"depth":96,"text":130589},{"id":130705,"depth":96,"text":130706},{"id":130817,"depth":96,"text":131162},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":130947,"depth":96,"text":131164},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":130956,"depth":96,"text":130957},{"id":67256,"depth":80,"text":67257},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":131168},[131169,131171,131172,131174],{"id":131073,"depth":96,"text":131170},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131081,"depth":96,"text":131082},{"id":131091,"depth":96,"text":131173},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131104,"depth":96,"text":131175},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129250,"description":131177},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131184,"title":131185,"body":131186,"description":132666,"extension":1331,"meta":132667,"navigation":268,"path":132668,"seo":132669,"stem":132670,"__hash__":132671},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131187,"toc":132638},[131188,131193,131198,131203,131205,131267,131274,131280,131285,131287,131303,131305,131376,131378,131392,131395,131445,131447,131449,131476,131479,131494,131497,131538,131541,131586,131593,131642,131644,131652,131654,131672,131674,131767,131775,131816,131821,131828,131834,131841,131844,131848,131949,131951,131973,131977,132030,132033,132036,132042,132049,132051,132090,132092,132110,132120,132127,132210,132213,132220,132227,132234,132238,132246,132292,132296,132305,132370,132375,132380,132391,132393,132398,132425,132427,132530,132533,132553,132555,132560,132563,132567,132571,132578,132587,132593,132596,132602,132604,132606,132635],[10,131189,122600,131191,18],{"id":131190},"python-string-index-method",[15,131192,58328],{},[20,131194,122605,131195,131197],{},[15,131196,58328],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131199,131200,131201,86],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131202,40060],{},[131,131204,1372],{"id":1371},[35,131206,131208],{"className":37,"code":131207,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131209,131210,131222,131244,131254,131258,131262],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131211,131212,131214,131216,131218,131220],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131213,34039],{"class":50},[44,131215,55],{"class":54},[44,131217,247],{"class":235},[44,131219,59767],{"class":239},[44,131221,2727],{"class":235},[44,131223,131224,131226,131228,131230,131232,131234,131236,131238,131240,131242],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,131225,64281],{"class":50},[44,131227,55],{"class":54},[44,131229,42199],{"class":50},[44,131231,86],{"class":58},[44,131233,35199],{"class":89},[44,131235,103],{"class":58},[44,131237,236],{"class":235},[44,131239,59952],{"class":239},[44,131241,236],{"class":235},[44,131243,108],{"class":58},[44,131245,131246,131248,131250,131252],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,131247,100],{"class":99},[44,131249,103],{"class":58},[44,131251,64308],{"class":89},[44,131253,108],{"class":58},[44,131255,131256],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,131257,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,131259,131260],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,131261,90185],{"class":3035},[44,131263,131264],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,131265,131266],{"class":3035},"# 6\n",[20,131268,1462,131269,131271,131272,86],{},[15,131270,58328],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131273,40060],{},[131,131275,134,131277,137],{"id":131276},"what-strindex-does",[15,131278,131279],{},"str.index()",[20,131281,131282,131284],{},[15,131283,131279],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131286,197],{},[145,131288,131289,131292,131295,131298],{},[148,131290,131291],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[148,131293,131294],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[148,131296,131297],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[148,131299,29642,131300,131302],{},[15,131301,40060],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131304,1578],{},[35,131306,131308],{"className":37,"code":131307,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131309,131310,131322,131326,131351],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131311,131312,131314,131316,131318,131320],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131313,34039],{"class":50},[44,131315,55],{"class":54},[44,131317,247],{"class":235},[44,131319,3459],{"class":239},[44,131321,2727],{"class":235},[44,131323,131324],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,131325,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,131327,131328,131330,131332,131334,131336,131338,131340,131342,131344,131346,131348],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,131329,100],{"class":99},[44,131331,103],{"class":58},[44,131333,34060],{"class":89},[44,131335,86],{"class":58},[44,131337,35199],{"class":89},[44,131339,103],{"class":58},[44,131341,236],{"class":235},[44,131343,167],{"class":239},[44,131345,236],{"class":235},[44,131347,4730],{"class":58},[44,131349,131350],{"class":3035},"     # 1\n",[44,131352,131353,131355,131357,131359,131361,131363,131365,131367,131369,131371,131373],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,131354,100],{"class":99},[44,131356,103],{"class":58},[44,131358,34060],{"class":89},[44,131360,86],{"class":58},[44,131362,35199],{"class":89},[44,131364,103],{"class":58},[44,131366,236],{"class":235},[44,131368,122693],{"class":239},[44,131370,236],{"class":235},[44,131372,4730],{"class":58},[44,131374,131375],{"class":3035},"    # 2\n",[20,131377,1548],{},[145,131379,131380,131386],{},[148,131381,131382,127813,131384],{},[15,131383,17443],{},[15,131385,63],{},[148,131387,131388,127813,131390],{},[15,131389,127812],{},[15,131391,1426],{},[20,131393,131394],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[35,131396,131398],{"className":37,"code":131397,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131399,131400,131412,131416,131440],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131401,131402,131404,131406,131408,131410],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131403,34039],{"class":50},[44,131405,55],{"class":54},[44,131407,247],{"class":235},[44,131409,34219],{"class":239},[44,131411,2727],{"class":235},[44,131413,131414],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,131415,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,131417,131418,131420,131422,131424,131426,131428,131430,131432,131434,131436,131438],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,131419,100],{"class":99},[44,131421,103],{"class":58},[44,131423,34060],{"class":89},[44,131425,86],{"class":58},[44,131427,35199],{"class":89},[44,131429,103],{"class":58},[44,131431,236],{"class":235},[44,131433,50552],{"class":239},[44,131435,236],{"class":235},[44,131437,4730],{"class":58},[44,131439,20116],{"class":3035},[44,131441,131442],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,131443,131444],{"class":3035},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[131,131446,175],{"id":174},[20,131448,1530],{},[35,131450,131452],{"className":37,"code":131451,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,131453,131454],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131455,131456,131458,131460,131462,131464,131466,131468,131470,131472,131474],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131457,60535],{"class":50},[44,131459,86],{"class":58},[44,131461,35199],{"class":89},[44,131463,103],{"class":58},[44,131465,1843],{"class":89},[44,131467,66],{"class":58},[44,131469,35405],{"class":89},[44,131471,66],{"class":58},[44,131473,64402],{"class":89},[44,131475,108],{"class":58},[20,131477,131478],{},"Parameters:",[145,131480,131481,131485,131489],{},[148,131482,131483,122792],{},[15,131484,1843],{},[148,131486,131487,127859],{},[15,131488,35426],{},[148,131490,131491,131493],{},[15,131492,52022],{},": optional stopping position",[20,131495,131496],{},"You can use just the value:",[35,131498,131500],{"className":37,"code":131499,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131501,131502,131514],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131503,131504,131506,131508,131510,131512],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131505,34039],{"class":50},[44,131507,55],{"class":54},[44,131509,247],{"class":235},[44,131511,39],{"class":239},[44,131513,2727],{"class":235},[44,131515,131516,131518,131520,131522,131524,131526,131528,131530,131532,131534,131536],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,131517,100],{"class":99},[44,131519,103],{"class":58},[44,131521,34060],{"class":89},[44,131523,86],{"class":58},[44,131525,35199],{"class":89},[44,131527,103],{"class":58},[44,131529,236],{"class":235},[44,131531,62648],{"class":239},[44,131533,236],{"class":235},[44,131535,4730],{"class":58},[44,131537,50776],{"class":3035},[20,131539,131540],{},"Or include a start position:",[35,131542,131544],{"className":37,"code":131543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,131545,131546,131558],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131547,131548,131550,131552,131554,131556],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131549,34039],{"class":50},[44,131551,55],{"class":54},[44,131553,247],{"class":235},[44,131555,3459],{"class":239},[44,131557,2727],{"class":235},[44,131559,131560,131562,131564,131566,131568,131570,131572,131574,131576,131578,131580,131582,131584],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,131561,100],{"class":99},[44,131563,103],{"class":58},[44,131565,34060],{"class":89},[44,131567,86],{"class":58},[44,131569,35199],{"class":89},[44,131571,103],{"class":58},[44,131573,236],{"class":235},[44,131575,167],{"class":239},[44,131577,236],{"class":235},[44,131579,66],{"class":58},[44,131581,69],{"class":62},[44,131583,4730],{"class":58},[44,131585,50131],{"class":3035},[20,131587,131588,131589,342,131591,2255],{},"Or include both ",[15,131590,35426],{},[15,131592,52022],{},[35,131594,131596],{"className":37,"code":131595,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,131597,131598,131610],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131599,131600,131602,131604,131606,131608],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131601,34039],{"class":50},[44,131603,55],{"class":54},[44,131605,247],{"class":235},[44,131607,3459],{"class":239},[44,131609,2727],{"class":235},[44,131611,131612,131614,131616,131618,131620,131622,131624,131626,131628,131630,131632,131634,131636,131638,131640],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,131613,100],{"class":99},[44,131615,103],{"class":58},[44,131617,34060],{"class":89},[44,131619,86],{"class":58},[44,131621,35199],{"class":89},[44,131623,103],{"class":58},[44,131625,236],{"class":235},[44,131627,167],{"class":239},[44,131629,236],{"class":235},[44,131631,66],{"class":58},[44,131633,69],{"class":62},[44,131635,66],{"class":58},[44,131637,3975],{"class":62},[44,131639,4730],{"class":58},[44,131641,50131],{"class":3035},[131,131643,37375],{"id":37374},[20,131645,28057,131646,131648,131649,86],{},[15,131647,58328],{}," is a ",[30,131650,131651],{},"zero-based index",[20,131653,1477],{},[145,131655,131656,131662,131667],{},[148,131657,131658,131659,131661],{},"Index ",[15,131660,1490],{}," is the first character",[148,131663,131658,131664,131666],{},[15,131665,63],{}," is the second character",[148,131668,131658,131669,131671],{},[15,131670,1426],{}," is the third character",[20,131673,1578],{},[35,131675,131677],{"className":37,"code":131676,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131678,131679,131691,131695,131719,131743],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131680,131681,131683,131685,131687,131689],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131682,34039],{"class":50},[44,131684,55],{"class":54},[44,131686,247],{"class":235},[44,131688,36401],{"class":239},[44,131690,2727],{"class":235},[44,131692,131693],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,131694,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,131696,131697,131699,131701,131703,131705,131707,131709,131711,131713,131715,131717],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,131698,100],{"class":99},[44,131700,103],{"class":58},[44,131702,34060],{"class":89},[44,131704,86],{"class":58},[44,131706,35199],{"class":89},[44,131708,103],{"class":58},[44,131710,236],{"class":235},[44,131712,9109],{"class":239},[44,131714,236],{"class":235},[44,131716,4730],{"class":58},[44,131718,50608],{"class":3035},[44,131720,131721,131723,131725,131727,131729,131731,131733,131735,131737,131739,131741],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,131722,100],{"class":99},[44,131724,103],{"class":58},[44,131726,34060],{"class":89},[44,131728,86],{"class":58},[44,131730,35199],{"class":89},[44,131732,103],{"class":58},[44,131734,236],{"class":235},[44,131736,167],{"class":239},[44,131738,236],{"class":235},[44,131740,4730],{"class":58},[44,131742,27128],{"class":3035},[44,131744,131745,131747,131749,131751,131753,131755,131757,131759,131761,131763,131765],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,131746,100],{"class":99},[44,131748,103],{"class":58},[44,131750,34060],{"class":89},[44,131752,86],{"class":58},[44,131754,35199],{"class":89},[44,131756,103],{"class":58},[44,131758,236],{"class":235},[44,131760,62648],{"class":239},[44,131762,236],{"class":235},[44,131764,4730],{"class":58},[44,131766,50776],{"class":3035},[20,131768,131769,131771,131772,131774],{},[15,131770,58328],{}," returns only the ",[30,131773,29257],{}," matching position.",[35,131776,131778],{"className":37,"code":131777,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,131779,131780,131792],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131781,131782,131784,131786,131788,131790],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131783,34039],{"class":50},[44,131785,55],{"class":54},[44,131787,247],{"class":235},[44,131789,3459],{"class":239},[44,131791,2727],{"class":235},[44,131793,131794,131796,131798,131800,131802,131804,131806,131808,131810,131812,131814],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,131795,100],{"class":99},[44,131797,103],{"class":58},[44,131799,34060],{"class":89},[44,131801,86],{"class":58},[44,131803,35199],{"class":89},[44,131805,103],{"class":58},[44,131807,236],{"class":235},[44,131809,167],{"class":239},[44,131811,236],{"class":235},[44,131813,4730],{"class":58},[44,131815,27128],{"class":3035},[20,131817,20325,131818,131820],{},[15,131819,17443],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,131822,131823,131824,86],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[167,131825,131826,1272],{"href":124050},[15,131827,57950],{},[131,131829,350,131830,342,131832],{"id":64768},[15,131831,35426],{},[15,131833,52022],{},[20,131835,140,131836,342,131838,131840],{},[15,131837,35426],{},[15,131839,52022],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,131842,131843],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,131845,45399,131846,2255],{},[15,131847,35426],{},[35,131849,131851],{"className":37,"code":131850,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,131852,131853,131865,131869,131893,131921],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131854,131855,131857,131859,131861,131863],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131856,34039],{"class":50},[44,131858,55],{"class":54},[44,131860,247],{"class":235},[44,131862,3459],{"class":239},[44,131864,2727],{"class":235},[44,131866,131867],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,131868,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,131870,131871,131873,131875,131877,131879,131881,131883,131885,131887,131889,131891],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,131872,100],{"class":99},[44,131874,103],{"class":58},[44,131876,34060],{"class":89},[44,131878,86],{"class":58},[44,131880,35199],{"class":89},[44,131882,103],{"class":58},[44,131884,236],{"class":235},[44,131886,167],{"class":239},[44,131888,236],{"class":235},[44,131890,4730],{"class":58},[44,131892,50481],{"class":3035},[44,131894,131895,131897,131899,131901,131903,131905,131907,131909,131911,131913,131915,131917,131919],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,131896,100],{"class":99},[44,131898,103],{"class":58},[44,131900,34060],{"class":89},[44,131902,86],{"class":58},[44,131904,35199],{"class":89},[44,131906,103],{"class":58},[44,131908,236],{"class":235},[44,131910,167],{"class":239},[44,131912,236],{"class":235},[44,131914,66],{"class":58},[44,131916,69],{"class":62},[44,131918,4730],{"class":58},[44,131920,50330],{"class":3035},[44,131922,131923,131925,131927,131929,131931,131933,131935,131937,131939,131941,131943,131945,131947],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,131924,100],{"class":99},[44,131926,103],{"class":58},[44,131928,34060],{"class":89},[44,131930,86],{"class":58},[44,131932,35199],{"class":89},[44,131934,103],{"class":58},[44,131936,236],{"class":235},[44,131938,167],{"class":239},[44,131940,236],{"class":235},[44,131942,66],{"class":58},[44,131944,1827],{"class":62},[44,131946,4730],{"class":58},[44,131948,50114],{"class":3035},[20,131950,19305],{},[145,131952,131953,131960,131966],{},[148,131954,131955,131956,64958,131958],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,131957,17443],{},[15,131959,63],{},[148,131961,131962,131963,131965],{},"Starting at index ",[15,131964,1426],{}," skips that first match",[148,131967,131962,131968,131970,131971],{},[15,131969,1875],{}," finds the last ",[15,131972,17443],{},[20,131974,45399,131975,2255],{},[15,131976,52022],{},[35,131978,131980],{"className":37,"code":131979,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,131981,131982,131994,131998],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131983,131984,131986,131988,131990,131992],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131985,34039],{"class":50},[44,131987,55],{"class":54},[44,131989,247],{"class":235},[44,131991,3459],{"class":239},[44,131993,2727],{"class":235},[44,131995,131996],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,131997,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,131999,132000,132002,132004,132006,132008,132010,132012,132014,132016,132018,132020,132022,132024,132026,132028],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,132001,100],{"class":99},[44,132003,103],{"class":58},[44,132005,34060],{"class":89},[44,132007,86],{"class":58},[44,132009,35199],{"class":89},[44,132011,103],{"class":58},[44,132013,236],{"class":235},[44,132015,75391],{"class":239},[44,132017,236],{"class":235},[44,132019,66],{"class":58},[44,132021,3202],{"class":62},[44,132023,66],{"class":58},[44,132025,1827],{"class":62},[44,132027,4730],{"class":58},[44,132029,50776],{"class":3035},[20,132031,132032],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132034,132035],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[131,132037,43571,132039,132041],{"id":132038},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132040,58328],{}," causes an error",[20,132043,132044,132045,51856,132047,86],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132046,58328],{},[15,132048,40060],{},[20,132050,1578],{},[35,132052,132054],{"className":37,"code":132053,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132055,132056,132068],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132057,132058,132060,132062,132064,132066],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132059,34039],{"class":50},[44,132061,55],{"class":54},[44,132063,247],{"class":235},[44,132065,3214],{"class":239},[44,132067,2727],{"class":235},[44,132069,132070,132072,132074,132076,132078,132080,132082,132084,132086,132088],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,132071,100],{"class":99},[44,132073,103],{"class":58},[44,132075,34060],{"class":89},[44,132077,86],{"class":58},[44,132079,35199],{"class":89},[44,132081,103],{"class":58},[44,132083,236],{"class":235},[44,132085,21425],{"class":239},[44,132087,236],{"class":235},[44,132089,993],{"class":58},[20,132091,111],{},[35,132093,132095],{"className":37,"code":132094,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132096,132097],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132098,132099,132101,132103,132106,132108],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132100,40060],{"class":121},[44,132102,2255],{"class":58},[44,132104,132105],{"class":50}," substring ",[44,132107,604],{"class":54},[44,132109,65191],{"class":50},[20,132111,52703,132112,125566,132117,132119],{},[167,132113,132114],{"href":129244},[15,132115,132116],{},"str.find()",[15,132118,65216],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132121,132122,132123,342,132125,2255],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132124,29152],{},[15,132126,29183],{},[35,132128,132130],{"className":37,"code":132129,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132131,132132,132144,132148,132154,132177,132187,132195],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132133,132134,132136,132138,132140,132142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132135,34039],{"class":50},[44,132137,55],{"class":54},[44,132139,247],{"class":235},[44,132141,3214],{"class":239},[44,132143,2727],{"class":235},[44,132145,132146],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,132147,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,132149,132150,132152],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,132151,29152],{"class":3245},[44,132153,5764],{"class":58},[44,132155,132156,132159,132161,132163,132165,132167,132169,132171,132173,132175],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,132157,132158],{"class":50},"    position ",[44,132160,55],{"class":54},[44,132162,42199],{"class":50},[44,132164,86],{"class":58},[44,132166,35199],{"class":89},[44,132168,103],{"class":58},[44,132170,236],{"class":235},[44,132172,21425],{"class":239},[44,132174,236],{"class":235},[44,132176,108],{"class":58},[44,132178,132179,132181,132183,132185],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,132180,7442],{"class":99},[44,132182,103],{"class":58},[44,132184,64308],{"class":89},[44,132186,108],{"class":58},[44,132188,132189,132191,132193],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,132190,29183],{"class":3245},[44,132192,41283],{"class":121},[44,132194,5764],{"class":58},[44,132196,132197,132199,132201,132203,132206,132208],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,132198,7442],{"class":99},[44,132200,103],{"class":58},[44,132202,236],{"class":235},[44,132204,132205],{"class":239},"Substring not found",[44,132207,236],{"class":235},[44,132209,108],{"class":58},[20,132211,132212],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132214,41303,132215,86],{},[167,132216,25028,132218],{"href":132217},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132219,128571],{},[131,132221,132223,9953,132225],{"id":132222},"index-vs-find",[15,132224,58328],{},[15,132226,123595],{},[20,132228,132229,342,132231,132233],{},[15,132230,58328],{},[15,132232,123595],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[347,132235,132236],{"id":35199},[15,132237,58328],{},[145,132239,132240,132243],{},[148,132241,132242],{},"Returns the first match position",[148,132244,132245],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[35,132247,132249],{"className":37,"code":132248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132250,132251,132263,132287],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132252,132253,132255,132257,132259,132261],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132254,34039],{"class":50},[44,132256,55],{"class":54},[44,132258,247],{"class":235},[44,132260,3214],{"class":239},[44,132262,2727],{"class":235},[44,132264,132265,132267,132269,132271,132273,132275,132277,132279,132281,132283,132285],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,132266,100],{"class":99},[44,132268,103],{"class":58},[44,132270,34060],{"class":89},[44,132272,86],{"class":58},[44,132274,35199],{"class":89},[44,132276,103],{"class":58},[44,132278,236],{"class":235},[44,132280,59808],{"class":239},[44,132282,236],{"class":235},[44,132284,4730],{"class":58},[44,132286,27128],{"class":3035},[44,132288,132289],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,132290,132291],{"class":3035},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[347,132293,132294],{"id":127625},[15,132295,123595],{},[145,132297,132298,132300],{},[148,132299,132242],{},[148,132301,156,132302,132304],{},[15,132303,65216],{}," if nothing is found",[35,132306,132308],{"className":37,"code":132307,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132309,132310,132322,132346],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132311,132312,132314,132316,132318,132320],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132313,34039],{"class":50},[44,132315,55],{"class":54},[44,132317,247],{"class":235},[44,132319,3214],{"class":239},[44,132321,2727],{"class":235},[44,132323,132324,132326,132328,132330,132332,132334,132336,132338,132340,132342,132344],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,132325,100],{"class":99},[44,132327,103],{"class":58},[44,132329,34060],{"class":89},[44,132331,86],{"class":58},[44,132333,127625],{"class":89},[44,132335,103],{"class":58},[44,132337,236],{"class":235},[44,132339,59808],{"class":239},[44,132341,236],{"class":235},[44,132343,4730],{"class":58},[44,132345,27128],{"class":3035},[44,132347,132348,132350,132352,132354,132356,132358,132360,132362,132364,132366,132368],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,132349,100],{"class":99},[44,132351,103],{"class":58},[44,132353,34060],{"class":89},[44,132355,86],{"class":58},[44,132357,127625],{"class":89},[44,132359,103],{"class":58},[44,132361,236],{"class":235},[44,132363,21425],{"class":239},[44,132365,236],{"class":235},[44,132367,4730],{"class":58},[44,132369,127981],{"class":3035},[20,132371,1462,132372,132374],{},[15,132373,58328],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,132376,1462,132377,132379],{},[15,132378,123595],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,132381,132382,132383,945,132388,86],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[167,132384,132385,132387],{"href":129244},[15,132386,132116],{}," method reference",[167,132389,126636],{"href":132390},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[131,132392,2200],{"id":2199},[20,132394,132395,132396,2255],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132397,58328],{},[145,132399,132400,132403,132410,132415,132420],{},[148,132401,132402],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[148,132404,923,132405,7829,132407,132409],{},[15,132406,58328],{},[15,132408,65216],{}," when no match exists",[148,132411,350,132412,132414],{},[15,132413,58328],{}," on a value that may not be present",[148,132416,132417,132418],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,132419,63],{},[148,132421,3949,132422,132424],{},[15,132423,58328],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,132426,61656],{},[35,132428,132430],{"className":37,"code":132429,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,132431,132432,132442,132456,132478,132500],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132433,132434,132436,132438,132440],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132435,100],{"class":99},[44,132437,103],{"class":58},[44,132439,34060],{"class":89},[44,132441,108],{"class":58},[44,132443,132444,132446,132448,132450,132452,132454],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,132445,100],{"class":99},[44,132447,103],{"class":58},[44,132449,41136],{"class":99},[44,132451,103],{"class":58},[44,132453,34060],{"class":89},[44,132455,993],{"class":58},[44,132457,132458,132460,132462,132464,132466,132468,132470,132472,132474,132476],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,132459,100],{"class":99},[44,132461,103],{"class":58},[44,132463,34060],{"class":89},[44,132465,86],{"class":58},[44,132467,35199],{"class":89},[44,132469,103],{"class":58},[44,132471,236],{"class":235},[44,132473,1843],{"class":239},[44,132475,236],{"class":235},[44,132477,993],{"class":58},[44,132479,132480,132482,132484,132486,132488,132490,132492,132494,132496,132498],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,132481,100],{"class":99},[44,132483,103],{"class":58},[44,132485,34060],{"class":89},[44,132487,86],{"class":58},[44,132489,127625],{"class":89},[44,132491,103],{"class":58},[44,132493,236],{"class":235},[44,132495,1843],{"class":239},[44,132497,236],{"class":235},[44,132499,993],{"class":58},[44,132501,132502,132504,132506,132508,132510,132512,132514,132516,132518,132520,132522,132524,132526,132528],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,132503,100],{"class":99},[44,132505,103],{"class":58},[44,132507,34060],{"class":89},[44,132509,86],{"class":58},[44,132511,35199],{"class":89},[44,132513,103],{"class":58},[44,132515,236],{"class":235},[44,132517,1843],{"class":239},[44,132519,236],{"class":235},[44,132521,66],{"class":58},[44,132523,35405],{"class":89},[44,132525,66],{"class":58},[44,132527,64402],{"class":89},[44,132529,993],{"class":58},[20,132531,132532],{},"Tips:",[145,132534,132535,132540,132545,132548],{},[148,132536,1462,132537,132539],{},[15,132538,125522],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[148,132541,1462,132542,132544],{},[15,132543,123595],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[148,132546,132547],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[148,132549,132550,132551],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,132552,1490],{},[131,132554,1196],{"id":1195},[347,132556,129104,132558,12073],{"id":132557},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,132559,58328],{},[20,132561,132562],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[347,132564,132566],{"id":132565},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,132568,76219,132569,86],{},[15,132570,40060],{},[347,132572,1234,132574,342,132576,1239],{"id":132573},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,132575,58328],{},[15,132577,123595],{},[20,132579,132580,132582,132583,772,132585,6002],{},[15,132581,58328],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,132584,123595],{},[15,132586,65216],{},[347,132588,4538,132590,132592],{"id":132589},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,132591,58328],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,132594,132595],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[347,132597,132599,132600,123936],{"id":132598},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,132601,58328],{},[20,132603,129129],{},[131,132605,1251],{"id":1250},[145,132607,132608,132614,132618,132623,132629],{},[148,132609,132610],{},[167,132611,132612,1272],{"href":129244},[15,132613,132116],{},[148,132615,132616],{},[167,132617,123999],{"href":132390},[148,132619,132620],{},[167,132621,129205],{"href":132622},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[148,132624,132625],{},[167,132626,132627,1272],{"href":124050},[15,132628,57950],{},[148,132630,132631],{},[167,132632,29696,132633],{"href":132217},[15,132634,128571],{},[1294,132636,132637],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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causes an error",{"id":132222,"depth":80,"text":132649,"children":132650},"index() vs find()",[132651,132652],{"id":35199,"depth":96,"text":58328},{"id":127625,"depth":96,"text":123595},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":132655},[132656,132658,132659,132661,132663],{"id":132557,"depth":96,"text":132657},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":132565,"depth":96,"text":132566},{"id":132573,"depth":96,"text":132660},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":132589,"depth":96,"text":132662},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":132598,"depth":96,"text":132664},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131185,"description":132666},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":132673,"title":132674,"body":132675,"description":135450,"extension":1331,"meta":135451,"navigation":268,"path":135452,"seo":135453,"stem":135454,"__hash__":135455},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":132676,"toc":135386},[132677,132683,132688,132691,132694,132705,132707,132776,132778,132792,132797,132802,132807,132809,132852,132854,132937,132939,132985,132991,132993,132995,133015,133017,133040,133042,133116,133118,133137,133142,133144,133148,133220,133222,133236,133240,133316,133318,133337,133341,133435,133437,133446,133453,133529,133531,133549,133553,133556,133563,133612,133614,133623,133630,133689,133691,133709,133712,133719,133778,133780,133798,133805,133862,133864,133873,133877,133882,133886,133945,133947,133965,133969,134016,134021,134024,134093,134095,134112,134119,134125,134180,134185,134188,134265,134267,134285,134291,134297,134357,134359,134378,134384,134387,134394,134447,134452,134454,134515,134524,134531,134533,134590,134595,134597,134668,134672,134727,134729,134738,134743,134749,134818,134820,134852,134858,134866,134873,134879,134944,134946,134955,134961,135042,135044,135053,135058,135072,135079,135083,135088,135116,135118,135251,135254,135291,135293,135299,135308,135313,135316,135321,135326,135332,135335,135344,135347,135349,135378,135383],[10,132678,122600,132680,18],{"id":132679},"python-string-join-method",[15,132681,132682],{},"join()",[20,132684,122605,132685,132687],{},[15,132686,132682],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,132689,132690],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,132692,132693],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[145,132695,132696,132702],{},[148,132697,132698,132699,132701],{},"You call ",[15,132700,132682],{}," on the separator string",[148,132703,132704],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[131,132706,2979],{"id":2978},[35,132708,132710],{"className":37,"code":132709,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,132711,132712,132745,132766],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132713,132714,132716,132718,132720,132722,132724,132726,132728,132730,132732,132734,132736,132738,132741,132743],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132715,3441],{"class":50},[44,132717,55],{"class":54},[44,132719,2993],{"class":58},[44,132721,236],{"class":235},[44,132723,6669],{"class":239},[44,132725,236],{"class":235},[44,132727,66],{"class":58},[44,132729,247],{"class":235},[44,132731,11552],{"class":239},[44,132733,236],{"class":235},[44,132735,66],{"class":58},[44,132737,247],{"class":235},[44,132739,132740],{"class":239},"fun",[44,132742,236],{"class":235},[44,132744,3006],{"class":58},[44,132746,132747,132749,132751,132753,132755,132757,132760,132762,132764],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,132748,644],{"class":50},[44,132750,55],{"class":54},[44,132752,247],{"class":235},[44,132754,247],{"class":235},[44,132756,86],{"class":58},[44,132758,132759],{"class":89},"join",[44,132761,103],{"class":58},[44,132763,3485],{"class":89},[44,132765,108],{"class":58},[44,132767,132768,132770,132772,132774],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,132769,100],{"class":99},[44,132771,103],{"class":58},[44,132773,668],{"class":89},[44,132775,108],{"class":58},[20,132777,111],{},[35,132779,132781],{"className":37,"code":132780,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python is fun\n",[15,132782,132783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132784,132785,132787,132789],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132786,2945],{"class":50},[44,132788,11552],{"class":54},[44,132790,132791],{"class":50}," fun\n",[20,132793,1462,132794,132796],{},[15,132795,132682],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[131,132798,134,132800,137],{"id":132799},"what-join-does",[15,132801,132682],{},[20,132803,132804,132806],{},[15,132805,132682],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,132808,10822],{},[145,132810,132811,132818,132846,132849],{},[148,132812,132813,132814,132817],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,132815,132816],{},".join()"," as the separator",[148,132819,132820,132821],{},"Common separators are:\n",[145,132822,132823,132829,132835,132841],{},[148,132824,132825,132828],{},[15,132826,132827],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[148,132830,132831,132834],{},[15,132832,132833],{},"\", \""," for commas",[148,132836,132837,132840],{},[15,132838,132839],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[148,132842,132843,132845],{},[15,132844,5643],{}," for no separator",[148,132847,132848],{},"It returns a new string",[148,132850,132851],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,132853,1578],{},[35,132855,132857],{"className":37,"code":132856,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,132858,132859,132891,132913,132917,132927],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132860,132861,132863,132865,132867,132869,132871,132873,132875,132877,132879,132881,132883,132885,132887,132889],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132862,3441],{"class":50},[44,132864,55],{"class":54},[44,132866,2993],{"class":58},[44,132868,236],{"class":235},[44,132870,240],{"class":239},[44,132872,236],{"class":235},[44,132874,66],{"class":58},[44,132876,247],{"class":235},[44,132878,250],{"class":239},[44,132880,236],{"class":235},[44,132882,66],{"class":58},[44,132884,247],{"class":235},[44,132886,259],{"class":239},[44,132888,236],{"class":235},[44,132890,3006],{"class":58},[44,132892,132893,132895,132897,132899,132901,132903,132905,132907,132909,132911],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,132894,644],{"class":50},[44,132896,55],{"class":54},[44,132898,247],{"class":235},[44,132900,1559],{"class":239},[44,132902,236],{"class":235},[44,132904,86],{"class":58},[44,132906,132759],{"class":89},[44,132908,103],{"class":58},[44,132910,3485],{"class":89},[44,132912,108],{"class":58},[44,132914,132915],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,132916,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,132918,132919,132921,132923,132925],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,132920,100],{"class":99},[44,132922,103],{"class":58},[44,132924,668],{"class":89},[44,132926,108],{"class":58},[44,132928,132929,132931,132933,132935],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,132930,100],{"class":99},[44,132932,103],{"class":58},[44,132934,3485],{"class":89},[44,132936,108],{"class":58},[20,132938,111],{},[35,132940,132942],{"className":37,"code":132941,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,132943,132944,132957],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132945,132946,132948,132950,132953,132955],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132947,240],{"class":50},[44,132949,66],{"class":58},[44,132951,132952],{"class":50}," green",[44,132954,66],{"class":58},[44,132956,35234],{"class":50},[44,132958,132959,132961,132963,132965,132967,132969,132971,132973,132975,132977,132979,132981,132983],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,132960,3270],{"class":58},[44,132962,1018],{"class":235},[44,132964,240],{"class":239},[44,132966,1018],{"class":235},[44,132968,66],{"class":58},[44,132970,1012],{"class":235},[44,132972,250],{"class":239},[44,132974,1018],{"class":235},[44,132976,66],{"class":58},[44,132978,1012],{"class":235},[44,132980,259],{"class":239},[44,132982,1018],{"class":235},[44,132984,3006],{"class":58},[20,132986,132987,132988,132990],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,132989,132682],{}," creates a new string.",[131,132992,175],{"id":174},[20,132994,6590],{},[35,132996,132998],{"className":37,"code":132997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,132999,133000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133001,133002,133005,133007,133009,133011,133013],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133003,133004],{"class":50},"separator",[44,133006,86],{"class":58},[44,133008,132759],{"class":89},[44,133010,103],{"class":58},[44,133012,3091],{"class":89},[44,133014,108],{"class":58},[347,133016,48370],{"id":48369},[145,133018,133019,133032,133037],{},[148,133020,133021,133023,133024,1559,133026,1559,133028,1563,133030],{},[15,133022,133004],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133025,132827],{},[15,133027,132833],{},[15,133029,132839],{},[15,133031,5643],{},[148,133033,133034,133036],{},[15,133035,3091],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[148,133038,133039],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133041,1578],{},[35,133043,133045],{"className":37,"code":133044,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133046,133047,133079,133102,133106],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133048,133049,133051,133053,133055,133057,133059,133061,133063,133065,133067,133069,133071,133073,133075,133077],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133050,4365],{"class":50},[44,133052,55],{"class":54},[44,133054,2993],{"class":58},[44,133056,236],{"class":235},[44,133058,12237],{"class":239},[44,133060,236],{"class":235},[44,133062,66],{"class":58},[44,133064,247],{"class":235},[44,133066,35294],{"class":239},[44,133068,236],{"class":235},[44,133070,66],{"class":58},[44,133072,247],{"class":235},[44,133074,35303],{"class":239},[44,133076,236],{"class":235},[44,133078,3006],{"class":58},[44,133080,133081,133083,133085,133087,133090,133092,133094,133096,133098,133100],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,133082,644],{"class":50},[44,133084,55],{"class":54},[44,133086,247],{"class":235},[44,133088,133089],{"class":239}," | ",[44,133091,236],{"class":235},[44,133093,86],{"class":58},[44,133095,132759],{"class":89},[44,133097,103],{"class":58},[44,133099,4409],{"class":89},[44,133101,108],{"class":58},[44,133103,133104],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,133105,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,133107,133108,133110,133112,133114],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,133109,100],{"class":99},[44,133111,103],{"class":58},[44,133113,668],{"class":89},[44,133115,108],{"class":58},[20,133117,111],{},[35,133119,133121],{"className":37,"code":133120,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133122,133123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133124,133125,133128,133130,133133,133135],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133126,133127],{"class":50},"Ana ",[44,133129,113107],{"class":54},[44,133131,133132],{"class":50}," Ben ",[44,133134,113107],{"class":54},[44,133136,35375],{"class":50},[20,133138,133139,133140,86],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[167,133141,124355],{"href":50336},[131,133143,121131],{"id":121130},[347,133145,133147],{"id":133146},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[35,133149,133151],{"className":37,"code":133150,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133152,133153,133186,133206,133210],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133154,133155,133157,133159,133161,133163,133165,133167,133169,133171,133173,133175,133177,133179,133182,133184],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133156,3441],{"class":50},[44,133158,55],{"class":54},[44,133160,2993],{"class":58},[44,133162,236],{"class":235},[44,133164,6669],{"class":239},[44,133166,236],{"class":235},[44,133168,66],{"class":58},[44,133170,247],{"class":235},[44,133172,11552],{"class":239},[44,133174,236],{"class":235},[44,133176,66],{"class":58},[44,133178,247],{"class":235},[44,133180,133181],{"class":239},"easy",[44,133183,236],{"class":235},[44,133185,3006],{"class":58},[44,133187,133188,133190,133192,133194,133196,133198,133200,133202,133204],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,133189,644],{"class":50},[44,133191,55],{"class":54},[44,133193,247],{"class":235},[44,133195,247],{"class":235},[44,133197,86],{"class":58},[44,133199,132759],{"class":89},[44,133201,103],{"class":58},[44,133203,3485],{"class":89},[44,133205,108],{"class":58},[44,133207,133208],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,133209,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,133211,133212,133214,133216,133218],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,133213,100],{"class":99},[44,133215,103],{"class":58},[44,133217,668],{"class":89},[44,133219,108],{"class":58},[20,133221,111],{},[35,133223,133225],{"className":37,"code":133224,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python is easy\n",[15,133226,133227],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133228,133229,133231,133233],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133230,2945],{"class":50},[44,133232,11552],{"class":54},[44,133234,133235],{"class":50}," easy\n",[347,133237,133239],{"id":133238},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[35,133241,133243],{"className":37,"code":133242,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133244,133245,133280,133302,133306],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133246,133247,133249,133251,133253,133255,133258,133260,133262,133264,133267,133269,133271,133273,133276,133278],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133248,362],{"class":50},[44,133250,55],{"class":54},[44,133252,2993],{"class":58},[44,133254,236],{"class":235},[44,133256,133257],{"class":239},"apples",[44,133259,236],{"class":235},[44,133261,66],{"class":58},[44,133263,247],{"class":235},[44,133265,133266],{"class":239},"bananas",[44,133268,236],{"class":235},[44,133270,66],{"class":58},[44,133272,247],{"class":235},[44,133274,133275],{"class":239},"oranges",[44,133277,236],{"class":235},[44,133279,3006],{"class":58},[44,133281,133282,133284,133286,133288,133290,133292,133294,133296,133298,133300],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,133283,644],{"class":50},[44,133285,55],{"class":54},[44,133287,247],{"class":235},[44,133289,1559],{"class":239},[44,133291,236],{"class":235},[44,133293,86],{"class":58},[44,133295,132759],{"class":89},[44,133297,103],{"class":58},[44,133299,397],{"class":89},[44,133301,108],{"class":58},[44,133303,133304],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,133305,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,133307,133308,133310,133312,133314],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,133309,100],{"class":99},[44,133311,103],{"class":58},[44,133313,668],{"class":89},[44,133315,108],{"class":58},[20,133317,111],{},[35,133319,133321],{"className":37,"code":133320,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133322,133323],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133324,133325,133327,133329,133332,133334],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133326,133257],{"class":50},[44,133328,66],{"class":58},[44,133330,133331],{"class":50}," bananas",[44,133333,66],{"class":58},[44,133335,133336],{"class":50}," oranges\n",[347,133338,133340],{"id":133339},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[35,133342,133344],{"className":37,"code":133343,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133345,133346,133403,133421,133425],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133347,133348,133350,133352,133354,133356,133359,133361,133363,133365,133367,133369,133371,133373,133375,133377,133379,133381,133383,133385,133387,133389,133391,133393,133395,133397,133399,133401],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133349,35444],{"class":50},[44,133351,55],{"class":54},[44,133353,2993],{"class":58},[44,133355,236],{"class":235},[44,133357,133358],{"class":239},"P",[44,133360,236],{"class":235},[44,133362,66],{"class":58},[44,133364,247],{"class":235},[44,133366,1113],{"class":239},[44,133368,236],{"class":235},[44,133370,66],{"class":58},[44,133372,247],{"class":235},[44,133374,62648],{"class":239},[44,133376,236],{"class":235},[44,133378,66],{"class":58},[44,133380,247],{"class":235},[44,133382,59799],{"class":239},[44,133384,236],{"class":235},[44,133386,66],{"class":58},[44,133388,247],{"class":235},[44,133390,59834],{"class":239},[44,133392,236],{"class":235},[44,133394,66],{"class":58},[44,133396,247],{"class":235},[44,133398,75391],{"class":239},[44,133400,236],{"class":235},[44,133402,3006],{"class":58},[44,133404,133405,133407,133409,133411,133413,133415,133417,133419],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,133406,644],{"class":50},[44,133408,55],{"class":54},[44,133410,5497],{"class":235},[44,133412,86],{"class":58},[44,133414,132759],{"class":89},[44,133416,103],{"class":58},[44,133418,35497],{"class":89},[44,133420,108],{"class":58},[44,133422,133423],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,133424,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,133426,133427,133429,133431,133433],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,133428,100],{"class":99},[44,133430,103],{"class":58},[44,133432,668],{"class":89},[44,133434,108],{"class":58},[20,133436,111],{},[35,133438,133440],{"className":37,"code":133439,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python\n",[15,133441,133442],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133443,133444],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133445,133439],{"class":50},[347,133447,133449,133450,133452],{"id":133448},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,133451,132682],{}," returns the result",[35,133454,133456],{"className":37,"code":133455,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,133457,133458,133491,133514,133518],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133459,133460,133462,133464,133466,133468,133470,133472,133474,133476,133478,133480,133482,133484,133487,133489],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133461,3441],{"class":50},[44,133463,55],{"class":54},[44,133465,2993],{"class":58},[44,133467,236],{"class":235},[44,133469,5956],{"class":239},[44,133471,236],{"class":235},[44,133473,66],{"class":58},[44,133475,247],{"class":235},[44,133477,78632],{"class":239},[44,133479,236],{"class":235},[44,133481,66],{"class":58},[44,133483,247],{"class":235},[44,133485,133486],{"class":239},"three",[44,133488,236],{"class":235},[44,133490,3006],{"class":58},[44,133492,133493,133496,133498,133500,133502,133504,133506,133508,133510,133512],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,133494,133495],{"class":50},"joined_text ",[44,133497,55],{"class":54},[44,133499,247],{"class":235},[44,133501,1391],{"class":239},[44,133503,236],{"class":235},[44,133505,86],{"class":58},[44,133507,132759],{"class":89},[44,133509,103],{"class":58},[44,133511,3485],{"class":89},[44,133513,108],{"class":58},[44,133515,133516],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,133517,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,133519,133520,133522,133524,133527],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,133521,100],{"class":99},[44,133523,103],{"class":58},[44,133525,133526],{"class":89},"joined_text",[44,133528,108],{"class":58},[20,133530,111],{},[35,133532,133534],{"className":37,"code":133533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"one-two-three\n",[15,133535,133536],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133537,133538,133540,133542,133544,133546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133539,5956],{"class":50},[44,133541,1391],{"class":54},[44,133543,78632],{"class":50},[44,133545,1391],{"class":54},[44,133547,133548],{"class":50},"three\n",[131,133550,133552],{"id":133551},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,133554,133555],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[347,133557,133559,133562],{"id":133558},"join-adds-spaces",[15,133560,133561],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[35,133564,133566],{"className":37,"code":133565,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,133567,133568,133592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133569,133570,133572,133574,133576,133578,133580,133582,133584,133586,133588,133590],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133571,3441],{"class":50},[44,133573,55],{"class":54},[44,133575,2993],{"class":58},[44,133577,236],{"class":235},[44,133579,3214],{"class":239},[44,133581,236],{"class":235},[44,133583,66],{"class":58},[44,133585,247],{"class":235},[44,133587,59952],{"class":239},[44,133589,236],{"class":235},[44,133591,3006],{"class":58},[44,133593,133594,133596,133598,133600,133602,133604,133606,133608,133610],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,133595,100],{"class":99},[44,133597,103],{"class":58},[44,133599,236],{"class":235},[44,133601,247],{"class":235},[44,133603,86],{"class":58},[44,133605,132759],{"class":89},[44,133607,103],{"class":58},[44,133609,3485],{"class":89},[44,133611,993],{"class":58},[20,133613,111],{},[35,133615,133617],{"className":37,"code":133616,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello world\n",[15,133618,133619],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133620,133621],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133622,133616],{"class":50},[347,133624,133626,133629],{"id":133625},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,133627,133628],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[35,133631,133633],{"className":37,"code":133632,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,133634,133635,133667],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133636,133637,133639,133641,133643,133645,133647,133649,133651,133653,133655,133657,133659,133661,133663,133665],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133638,228],{"class":50},[44,133640,55],{"class":54},[44,133642,2993],{"class":58},[44,133644,236],{"class":235},[44,133646,240],{"class":239},[44,133648,236],{"class":235},[44,133650,66],{"class":58},[44,133652,247],{"class":235},[44,133654,259],{"class":239},[44,133656,236],{"class":235},[44,133658,66],{"class":58},[44,133660,247],{"class":235},[44,133662,250],{"class":239},[44,133664,236],{"class":235},[44,133666,3006],{"class":58},[44,133668,133669,133671,133673,133675,133677,133679,133681,133683,133685,133687],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,133670,100],{"class":99},[44,133672,103],{"class":58},[44,133674,236],{"class":235},[44,133676,1559],{"class":239},[44,133678,236],{"class":235},[44,133680,86],{"class":58},[44,133682,132759],{"class":89},[44,133684,103],{"class":58},[44,133686,274],{"class":89},[44,133688,993],{"class":58},[20,133690,111],{},[35,133692,133694],{"className":37,"code":133693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red, blue, green\n",[15,133695,133696],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133697,133698,133700,133702,133705,133707],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133699,240],{"class":50},[44,133701,66],{"class":58},[44,133703,133704],{"class":50}," blue",[44,133706,66],{"class":58},[44,133708,35227],{"class":50},[20,133710,133711],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[347,133713,133715,133718],{"id":133714},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,133716,133717],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[35,133720,133722],{"className":37,"code":133721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,133723,133724,133756],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133725,133726,133728,133730,133732,133734,133736,133738,133740,133742,133744,133746,133748,133750,133752,133754],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133727,42194],{"class":50},[44,133729,55],{"class":54},[44,133731,2993],{"class":58},[44,133733,236],{"class":235},[44,133735,39],{"class":239},[44,133737,236],{"class":235},[44,133739,66],{"class":58},[44,133741,247],{"class":235},[44,133743,60535],{"class":239},[44,133745,236],{"class":235},[44,133747,66],{"class":58},[44,133749,247],{"class":235},[44,133751,132759],{"class":239},[44,133753,236],{"class":235},[44,133755,3006],{"class":58},[44,133757,133758,133760,133762,133764,133766,133768,133770,133772,133774,133776],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,133759,100],{"class":99},[44,133761,103],{"class":58},[44,133763,236],{"class":235},[44,133765,1391],{"class":239},[44,133767,236],{"class":235},[44,133769,86],{"class":58},[44,133771,132759],{"class":89},[44,133773,103],{"class":58},[44,133775,42226],{"class":89},[44,133777,993],{"class":58},[20,133779,111],{},[35,133781,133783],{"className":37,"code":133782,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"python-string-join\n",[15,133784,133785],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133786,133787,133789,133791,133793,133795],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133788,39],{"class":50},[44,133790,1391],{"class":54},[44,133792,60535],{"class":50},[44,133794,1391],{"class":54},[44,133796,133797],{"class":50},"join\n",[347,133799,133801,133804],{"id":133800},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,133802,133803],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[35,133806,133808],{"className":37,"code":133807,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,133809,133810,133843],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133811,133812,133814,133816,133818,133820,133822,133824,133826,133828,133830,133832,133834,133836,133839,133841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133813,112179],{"class":50},[44,133815,55],{"class":54},[44,133817,2993],{"class":58},[44,133819,236],{"class":235},[44,133821,21592],{"class":239},[44,133823,236],{"class":235},[44,133825,66],{"class":58},[44,133827,247],{"class":235},[44,133829,29949],{"class":239},[44,133831,236],{"class":235},[44,133833,66],{"class":58},[44,133835,247],{"class":235},[44,133837,133838],{"class":239},"C",[44,133840,236],{"class":235},[44,133842,3006],{"class":58},[44,133844,133845,133847,133849,133851,133853,133855,133857,133860],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,133846,100],{"class":99},[44,133848,103],{"class":58},[44,133850,5643],{"class":235},[44,133852,86],{"class":58},[44,133854,132759],{"class":89},[44,133856,103],{"class":58},[44,133858,133859],{"class":89},"chars",[44,133861,993],{"class":58},[20,133863,111],{},[35,133865,133867],{"className":37,"code":133866,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ABC\n",[15,133868,133869],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133870,133871],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133872,133866],{"class":33804},[131,133874,133876],{"id":133875},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,133878,133879,133881],{},[15,133880,132682],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[347,133883,133885],{"id":133884},"this-works","This works",[35,133887,133889],{"className":37,"code":133888,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,133890,133891,133923],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133892,133893,133895,133897,133899,133901,133903,133905,133907,133909,133911,133913,133915,133917,133919,133921],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133894,3191],{"class":50},[44,133896,55],{"class":54},[44,133898,2993],{"class":58},[44,133900,236],{"class":235},[44,133902,1701],{"class":239},[44,133904,236],{"class":235},[44,133906,66],{"class":58},[44,133908,247],{"class":235},[44,133910,15105],{"class":239},[44,133912,236],{"class":235},[44,133914,66],{"class":58},[44,133916,247],{"class":235},[44,133918,36195],{"class":239},[44,133920,236],{"class":235},[44,133922,3006],{"class":58},[44,133924,133925,133927,133929,133931,133933,133935,133937,133939,133941,133943],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,133926,100],{"class":99},[44,133928,103],{"class":58},[44,133930,236],{"class":235},[44,133932,1559],{"class":239},[44,133934,236],{"class":235},[44,133936,86],{"class":58},[44,133938,132759],{"class":89},[44,133940,103],{"class":58},[44,133942,4727],{"class":89},[44,133944,993],{"class":58},[20,133946,111],{},[35,133948,133950],{"className":37,"code":133949,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,133951,133952],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133953,133954,133956,133958,133960,133962],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133955,1701],{"class":62},[44,133957,66],{"class":58},[44,133959,7163],{"class":62},[44,133961,66],{"class":58},[44,133963,133964],{"class":62}," 30\n",[347,133966,133968],{"id":133967},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[35,133970,133972],{"className":37,"code":133971,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,133973,133974,133994],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133975,133976,133978,133980,133982,133984,133986,133988,133990,133992],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133977,3191],{"class":50},[44,133979,55],{"class":54},[44,133981,2993],{"class":58},[44,133983,63],{"class":62},[44,133985,66],{"class":58},[44,133987,69],{"class":62},[44,133989,66],{"class":58},[44,133991,74],{"class":62},[44,133993,3006],{"class":58},[44,133995,133996,133998,134000,134002,134004,134006,134008,134010,134012,134014],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,133997,100],{"class":99},[44,133999,103],{"class":58},[44,134001,236],{"class":235},[44,134003,1559],{"class":239},[44,134005,236],{"class":235},[44,134007,86],{"class":58},[44,134009,132759],{"class":89},[44,134011,103],{"class":58},[44,134013,4727],{"class":89},[44,134015,993],{"class":58},[20,134017,89672,134018,134020],{},[15,134019,2376],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134022,134023],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[35,134025,134027],{"className":37,"code":134026,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134028,134029,134049,134079,134083],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134030,134031,134033,134035,134037,134039,134041,134043,134045,134047],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134032,3191],{"class":50},[44,134034,55],{"class":54},[44,134036,2993],{"class":58},[44,134038,63],{"class":62},[44,134040,66],{"class":58},[44,134042,69],{"class":62},[44,134044,66],{"class":58},[44,134046,74],{"class":62},[44,134048,3006],{"class":58},[44,134050,134051,134053,134055,134057,134059,134061,134063,134065,134067,134069,134071,134073,134075,134077],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,134052,644],{"class":50},[44,134054,55],{"class":54},[44,134056,247],{"class":235},[44,134058,1559],{"class":239},[44,134060,236],{"class":235},[44,134062,86],{"class":58},[44,134064,132759],{"class":89},[44,134066,103],{"class":58},[44,134068,39215],{"class":99},[44,134070,103],{"class":58},[44,134072,2812],{"class":121},[44,134074,66],{"class":58},[44,134076,3255],{"class":89},[44,134078,993],{"class":58},[44,134080,134081],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,134082,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,134084,134085,134087,134089,134091],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,134086,100],{"class":99},[44,134088,103],{"class":58},[44,134090,668],{"class":89},[44,134092,108],{"class":58},[20,134094,111],{},[35,134096,134098],{"className":37,"code":134097,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134099,134100],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134101,134102,134104,134106,134108,134110],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134103,63],{"class":62},[44,134105,66],{"class":58},[44,134107,69],{"class":62},[44,134109,66],{"class":58},[44,134111,1947],{"class":62},[20,134113,134114,134115,86],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[167,134116,2945,134117,2878],{"href":41532},[15,134118,47043],{},[347,134120,134122,134124],{"id":134121},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134123,159],{}," values do not work directly",[35,134126,134128],{"className":37,"code":134127,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134129,134130,134158],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134131,134132,134134,134136,134138,134140,134142,134144,134146,134148,134150,134152,134154,134156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134133,3191],{"class":50},[44,134135,55],{"class":54},[44,134137,2993],{"class":58},[44,134139,236],{"class":235},[44,134141,3450],{"class":239},[44,134143,236],{"class":235},[44,134145,66],{"class":58},[44,134147,3221],{"class":692},[44,134149,66],{"class":58},[44,134151,247],{"class":235},[44,134153,3459],{"class":239},[44,134155,236],{"class":235},[44,134157,3006],{"class":58},[44,134159,134160,134162,134164,134166,134168,134170,134172,134174,134176,134178],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,134161,100],{"class":99},[44,134163,103],{"class":58},[44,134165,236],{"class":235},[44,134167,1559],{"class":239},[44,134169,236],{"class":235},[44,134171,86],{"class":58},[44,134173,132759],{"class":89},[44,134175,103],{"class":58},[44,134177,4727],{"class":89},[44,134179,993],{"class":58},[20,134181,134182,134183,86],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134184,2376],{},[20,134186,134187],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[35,134189,134191],{"className":37,"code":134190,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134192,134193,134221,134251,134255],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134194,134195,134197,134199,134201,134203,134205,134207,134209,134211,134213,134215,134217,134219],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134196,3191],{"class":50},[44,134198,55],{"class":54},[44,134200,2993],{"class":58},[44,134202,236],{"class":235},[44,134204,3450],{"class":239},[44,134206,236],{"class":235},[44,134208,66],{"class":58},[44,134210,3221],{"class":692},[44,134212,66],{"class":58},[44,134214,247],{"class":235},[44,134216,3459],{"class":239},[44,134218,236],{"class":235},[44,134220,3006],{"class":58},[44,134222,134223,134225,134227,134229,134231,134233,134235,134237,134239,134241,134243,134245,134247,134249],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,134224,644],{"class":50},[44,134226,55],{"class":54},[44,134228,247],{"class":235},[44,134230,1559],{"class":239},[44,134232,236],{"class":235},[44,134234,86],{"class":58},[44,134236,132759],{"class":89},[44,134238,103],{"class":58},[44,134240,39215],{"class":99},[44,134242,103],{"class":58},[44,134244,2812],{"class":121},[44,134246,66],{"class":58},[44,134248,3255],{"class":89},[44,134250,993],{"class":58},[44,134252,134253],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,134254,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,134256,134257,134259,134261,134263],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,134258,100],{"class":99},[44,134260,103],{"class":58},[44,134262,668],{"class":89},[44,134264,108],{"class":58},[20,134266,111],{},[35,134268,134270],{"className":37,"code":134269,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134271,134272],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134273,134274,134276,134278,134280,134282],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134275,3450],{"class":50},[44,134277,66],{"class":58},[44,134279,3221],{"class":692},[44,134281,66],{"class":58},[44,134283,134284],{"class":50}," banana\n",[20,134286,134287,134288,134290],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134289,159],{}," values instead of converting them.",[347,134292,134294,134296],{"id":134293},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134295,132682],{}," also works with tuples",[35,134298,134300],{"className":37,"code":134299,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134301,134302,134334],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134303,134304,134306,134308,134310,134312,134314,134316,134318,134320,134322,134324,134326,134328,134330,134332],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134305,4365],{"class":50},[44,134307,55],{"class":54},[44,134309,8607],{"class":58},[44,134311,236],{"class":235},[44,134313,7050],{"class":239},[44,134315,236],{"class":235},[44,134317,66],{"class":58},[44,134319,247],{"class":235},[44,134321,130688],{"class":239},[44,134323,236],{"class":235},[44,134325,66],{"class":58},[44,134327,247],{"class":235},[44,134329,7294],{"class":239},[44,134331,236],{"class":235},[44,134333,108],{"class":58},[44,134335,134336,134338,134340,134342,134345,134347,134349,134351,134353,134355],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,134337,100],{"class":99},[44,134339,103],{"class":58},[44,134341,236],{"class":235},[44,134343,134344],{"class":239}," \u002F ",[44,134346,236],{"class":235},[44,134348,86],{"class":58},[44,134350,132759],{"class":89},[44,134352,103],{"class":58},[44,134354,4409],{"class":89},[44,134356,993],{"class":58},[20,134358,111],{},[35,134360,134362],{"className":37,"code":134361,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134363,134364],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134365,134366,134369,134371,134374,134376],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134367,134368],{"class":50},"Sam ",[44,134370,126492],{"class":54},[44,134372,134373],{"class":50}," Lee ",[44,134375,126492],{"class":54},[44,134377,21681],{"class":50},[131,134379,134381,134382],{"id":134380},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134383,132682],{},[20,134385,134386],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[347,134388,134390,134391,134393],{"id":134389},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134392,2376],{}," because not all items are strings",[35,134395,134397],{"className":37,"code":134396,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134398,134399,134427],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134400,134401,134403,134405,134407,134409,134411,134413,134415,134417,134419,134421,134423,134425],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134402,362],{"class":50},[44,134404,55],{"class":54},[44,134406,2993],{"class":58},[44,134408,236],{"class":235},[44,134410,167],{"class":239},[44,134412,236],{"class":235},[44,134414,66],{"class":58},[44,134416,69],{"class":62},[44,134418,66],{"class":58},[44,134420,247],{"class":235},[44,134422,9109],{"class":239},[44,134424,236],{"class":235},[44,134426,3006],{"class":58},[44,134428,134429,134431,134433,134435,134437,134439,134441,134443,134445],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,134430,100],{"class":99},[44,134432,103],{"class":58},[44,134434,236],{"class":235},[44,134436,247],{"class":235},[44,134438,86],{"class":58},[44,134440,132759],{"class":89},[44,134442,103],{"class":58},[44,134444,397],{"class":89},[44,134446,993],{"class":58},[20,134448,47870,134449,134451],{},[15,134450,1426],{}," is an integer.",[20,134453,38617],{},[35,134455,134457],{"className":37,"code":134456,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,134458,134459,134487],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134460,134461,134463,134465,134467,134469,134471,134473,134475,134477,134479,134481,134483,134485],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134462,362],{"class":50},[44,134464,55],{"class":54},[44,134466,2993],{"class":58},[44,134468,236],{"class":235},[44,134470,167],{"class":239},[44,134472,236],{"class":235},[44,134474,66],{"class":58},[44,134476,69],{"class":62},[44,134478,66],{"class":58},[44,134480,247],{"class":235},[44,134482,9109],{"class":239},[44,134484,236],{"class":235},[44,134486,3006],{"class":58},[44,134488,134489,134491,134493,134495,134497,134499,134501,134503,134505,134507,134509,134511,134513],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,134490,100],{"class":99},[44,134492,103],{"class":58},[44,134494,236],{"class":235},[44,134496,247],{"class":235},[44,134498,86],{"class":58},[44,134500,132759],{"class":89},[44,134502,103],{"class":58},[44,134504,39215],{"class":99},[44,134506,103],{"class":58},[44,134508,2812],{"class":121},[44,134510,66],{"class":58},[44,134512,5336],{"class":89},[44,134514,2283],{"class":58},[20,134516,134517,134518,86],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[167,134519,25028,134521],{"href":134520},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,134522,134523],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[347,134525,134527,134528,134530],{"id":134526},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,134529,132682],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,134532,3895],{},[35,134534,134536],{"className":37,"code":134535,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,134537,134538,134570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134539,134540,134542,134544,134546,134548,134550,134552,134554,134556,134558,134560,134562,134564,134566,134568],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134541,3441],{"class":50},[44,134543,55],{"class":54},[44,134545,2993],{"class":58},[44,134547,236],{"class":235},[44,134549,6669],{"class":239},[44,134551,236],{"class":235},[44,134553,66],{"class":58},[44,134555,247],{"class":235},[44,134557,11552],{"class":239},[44,134559,236],{"class":235},[44,134561,66],{"class":58},[44,134563,247],{"class":235},[44,134565,132740],{"class":239},[44,134567,236],{"class":235},[44,134569,3006],{"class":58},[44,134571,134572,134574,134576,134578,134580,134582,134584,134586,134588],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,134573,644],{"class":50},[44,134575,55],{"class":54},[44,134577,5539],{"class":50},[44,134579,86],{"class":58},[44,134581,132759],{"class":89},[44,134583,103],{"class":58},[44,134585,236],{"class":235},[44,134587,247],{"class":235},[44,134589,108],{"class":58},[20,134591,134592,134594],{},[15,134593,132682],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,134596,10174],{},[35,134598,134600],{"className":37,"code":134599,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134601,134602,134634,134654,134658],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134603,134604,134606,134608,134610,134612,134614,134616,134618,134620,134622,134624,134626,134628,134630,134632],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134605,3441],{"class":50},[44,134607,55],{"class":54},[44,134609,2993],{"class":58},[44,134611,236],{"class":235},[44,134613,6669],{"class":239},[44,134615,236],{"class":235},[44,134617,66],{"class":58},[44,134619,247],{"class":235},[44,134621,11552],{"class":239},[44,134623,236],{"class":235},[44,134625,66],{"class":58},[44,134627,247],{"class":235},[44,134629,132740],{"class":239},[44,134631,236],{"class":235},[44,134633,3006],{"class":58},[44,134635,134636,134638,134640,134642,134644,134646,134648,134650,134652],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,134637,644],{"class":50},[44,134639,55],{"class":54},[44,134641,247],{"class":235},[44,134643,247],{"class":235},[44,134645,86],{"class":58},[44,134647,132759],{"class":89},[44,134649,103],{"class":58},[44,134651,3485],{"class":89},[44,134653,108],{"class":58},[44,134655,134656],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,134657,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,134659,134660,134662,134664,134666],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,134661,100],{"class":99},[44,134663,103],{"class":58},[44,134665,668],{"class":89},[44,134667,108],{"class":58},[347,134669,134671],{"id":134670},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[35,134673,134675],{"className":37,"code":134674,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,134676,134677,134709],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134678,134679,134681,134683,134685,134687,134689,134691,134693,134695,134697,134699,134701,134703,134705,134707],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134680,3441],{"class":50},[44,134682,55],{"class":54},[44,134684,2993],{"class":58},[44,134686,236],{"class":235},[44,134688,5956],{"class":239},[44,134690,236],{"class":235},[44,134692,66],{"class":58},[44,134694,247],{"class":235},[44,134696,78632],{"class":239},[44,134698,236],{"class":235},[44,134700,66],{"class":58},[44,134702,247],{"class":235},[44,134704,133486],{"class":239},[44,134706,236],{"class":235},[44,134708,3006],{"class":58},[44,134710,134711,134713,134715,134717,134719,134721,134723,134725],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,134712,100],{"class":99},[44,134714,103],{"class":58},[44,134716,5643],{"class":235},[44,134718,86],{"class":58},[44,134720,132759],{"class":89},[44,134722,103],{"class":58},[44,134724,3485],{"class":89},[44,134726,993],{"class":58},[20,134728,111],{},[35,134730,134732],{"className":37,"code":134731,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"onetwothree\n",[15,134733,134734],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134735,134736],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134737,134731],{"class":50},[20,134739,134740,134741,6002],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,134742,132827],{},[347,134744,134746,134747,130950],{"id":134745},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,134748,132682],{},[35,134750,134752],{"className":37,"code":134751,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,134753,134754,134786,134804,134808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134755,134756,134758,134760,134762,134764,134766,134768,134770,134772,134774,134776,134778,134780,134782,134784],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134757,3441],{"class":50},[44,134759,55],{"class":54},[44,134761,2993],{"class":58},[44,134763,236],{"class":235},[44,134765,167],{"class":239},[44,134767,236],{"class":235},[44,134769,66],{"class":58},[44,134771,247],{"class":235},[44,134773,1164],{"class":239},[44,134775,236],{"class":235},[44,134777,66],{"class":58},[44,134779,247],{"class":235},[44,134781,9109],{"class":239},[44,134783,236],{"class":235},[44,134785,3006],{"class":58},[44,134787,134788,134790,134792,134794,134796,134798,134800,134802],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,134789,236],{"class":42686},[44,134791,1391],{"class":42690},[44,134793,236],{"class":42686},[44,134795,86],{"class":58},[44,134797,132759],{"class":89},[44,134799,103],{"class":58},[44,134801,3485],{"class":89},[44,134803,108],{"class":58},[44,134805,134806],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,134807,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,134809,134810,134812,134814,134816],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,134811,100],{"class":99},[44,134813,103],{"class":58},[44,134815,3485],{"class":89},[44,134817,108],{"class":58},[20,134819,111],{},[35,134821,134822],{"className":37,"code":42233,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,134823,134824],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134825,134826,134828,134830,134832,134834,134836,134838,134840,134842,134844,134846,134848,134850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134827,3270],{"class":58},[44,134829,1018],{"class":235},[44,134831,167],{"class":239},[44,134833,1018],{"class":235},[44,134835,66],{"class":58},[44,134837,1012],{"class":235},[44,134839,1164],{"class":239},[44,134841,1018],{"class":235},[44,134843,66],{"class":58},[44,134845,1012],{"class":235},[44,134847,9109],{"class":239},[44,134849,1018],{"class":235},[44,134851,3006],{"class":58},[20,134853,134854,134855,134857],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,134856,132682],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[131,134859,134861,134863,134864],{"id":134860},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,134862,132682],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,134865,1429],{},[20,134867,9958,134868,342,134870,134872],{},[15,134869,132682],{},[15,134871,1429],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[347,134874,1462,134876,134878],{"id":134875},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,134877,1429],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[35,134880,134882],{"className":37,"code":134881,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134883,134884,134897,134910,134930,134934],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134885,134886,134889,134891,134893,134895],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134887,134888],{"class":50},"first ",[44,134890,55],{"class":54},[44,134892,247],{"class":235},[44,134894,34219],{"class":239},[44,134896,2727],{"class":235},[44,134898,134899,134902,134904,134906,134908],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,134900,134901],{"class":50},"second ",[44,134903,55],{"class":54},[44,134905,247],{"class":235},[44,134907,89101],{"class":239},[44,134909,2727],{"class":235},[44,134911,134912,134914,134916,134919,134921,134923,134925,134927],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,134913,644],{"class":50},[44,134915,55],{"class":54},[44,134917,134918],{"class":50}," first ",[44,134920,1429],{"class":54},[44,134922,247],{"class":235},[44,134924,247],{"class":235},[44,134926,1824],{"class":54},[44,134928,134929],{"class":50}," second\n",[44,134931,134932],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,134933,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,134935,134936,134938,134940,134942],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,134937,100],{"class":99},[44,134939,103],{"class":58},[44,134941,668],{"class":89},[44,134943,108],{"class":58},[20,134945,111],{},[35,134947,134949],{"className":37,"code":134948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello World\n",[15,134950,134951],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134952,134953],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134954,134948],{"class":50},[347,134956,1462,134958,134960],{"id":134957},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,134959,132682],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[35,134962,134964],{"className":37,"code":134963,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134965,134966,135008,135028,135032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134967,134968,134970,134972,134974,134976,134978,134980,134982,134984,134987,134989,134991,134993,134996,134998,135000,135002,135004,135006],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134969,3441],{"class":50},[44,134971,55],{"class":54},[44,134973,2993],{"class":58},[44,134975,236],{"class":235},[44,134977,6669],{"class":239},[44,134979,236],{"class":235},[44,134981,66],{"class":58},[44,134983,247],{"class":235},[44,134985,134986],{"class":239},"makes",[44,134988,236],{"class":235},[44,134990,66],{"class":58},[44,134992,247],{"class":235},[44,134994,134995],{"class":239},"this",[44,134997,236],{"class":235},[44,134999,66],{"class":58},[44,135001,247],{"class":235},[44,135003,133181],{"class":239},[44,135005,236],{"class":235},[44,135007,3006],{"class":58},[44,135009,135010,135012,135014,135016,135018,135020,135022,135024,135026],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,135011,644],{"class":50},[44,135013,55],{"class":54},[44,135015,247],{"class":235},[44,135017,247],{"class":235},[44,135019,86],{"class":58},[44,135021,132759],{"class":89},[44,135023,103],{"class":58},[44,135025,3485],{"class":89},[44,135027,108],{"class":58},[44,135029,135030],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,135031,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,135033,135034,135036,135038,135040],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,135035,100],{"class":99},[44,135037,103],{"class":58},[44,135039,668],{"class":89},[44,135041,108],{"class":58},[20,135043,111],{},[35,135045,135047],{"className":37,"code":135046,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135048,135049],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135050,135051],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135052,135046],{"class":50},[20,135054,135055,135057],{},[15,135056,132682],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[145,135059,135060,135063,135066],{},[148,135061,135062],{},"You already have a list of strings",[148,135064,135065],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[148,135067,135068,135069,135071],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135070,1429],{}," operators",[20,135073,135074,135075,86],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[167,135076,135078],{"href":135077},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[131,135080,135082],{"id":135081},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135084,8245,135085,135087],{},[15,135086,132682],{}," is not working, check these first:",[145,135089,135090,135093,135098,135107,135113],{},[148,135091,135092],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[148,135094,135095,135096],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135097,159],{},[148,135099,135100,135101,10459,135104],{},"You may have written ",[15,135102,135103],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135105,135106],{},"string.join(...)",[148,135108,135109,135110,135112],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135111,132682],{}," to change the original iterable",[148,135114,135115],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135117,93740],{},[35,135119,135121],{"className":37,"code":135120,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135122,135123,135137,135147,135171,135211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135124,135125,135127,135129,135131,135133,135135],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135126,100],{"class":99},[44,135128,103],{"class":58},[44,135130,985],{"class":121},[44,135132,103],{"class":58},[44,135134,397],{"class":89},[44,135136,993],{"class":58},[44,135138,135139,135141,135143,135145],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,135140,100],{"class":99},[44,135142,103],{"class":58},[44,135144,397],{"class":89},[44,135146,108],{"class":58},[44,135148,135149,135151,135153,135155,135157,135159,135161,135163,135165,135167,135169],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,135150,100],{"class":99},[44,135152,2357],{"class":58},[44,135154,985],{"class":121},[44,135156,103],{"class":58},[44,135158,22658],{"class":89},[44,135160,3032],{"class":58},[44,135162,3246],{"class":3245},[44,135164,5331],{"class":89},[44,135166,3252],{"class":3245},[44,135168,5336],{"class":89},[44,135170,3258],{"class":58},[44,135172,135173,135175,135177,135179,135181,135183,135185,135187,135189,135191,135193,135195,135197,135199,135201,135203,135205,135207,135209],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,135174,100],{"class":99},[44,135176,103],{"class":58},[44,135178,1018],{"class":235},[44,135180,1012],{"class":235},[44,135182,86],{"class":58},[44,135184,132759],{"class":89},[44,135186,2357],{"class":58},[44,135188,1018],{"class":235},[44,135190,167],{"class":239},[44,135192,1018],{"class":235},[44,135194,66],{"class":58},[44,135196,1012],{"class":235},[44,135198,1164],{"class":239},[44,135200,1018],{"class":235},[44,135202,66],{"class":58},[44,135204,1012],{"class":235},[44,135206,9109],{"class":239},[44,135208,1018],{"class":235},[44,135210,2370],{"class":58},[44,135212,135213,135215,135217,135219,135221,135223,135225,135227,135229,135231,135233,135235,135237,135239,135241,135243,135245,135247,135249],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,135214,100],{"class":99},[44,135216,103],{"class":58},[44,135218,1018],{"class":235},[44,135220,1559],{"class":239},[44,135222,1018],{"class":235},[44,135224,86],{"class":58},[44,135226,132759],{"class":89},[44,135228,103],{"class":58},[44,135230,39215],{"class":99},[44,135232,103],{"class":58},[44,135234,2812],{"class":121},[44,135236,66],{"class":58},[44,135238,2993],{"class":58},[44,135240,63],{"class":62},[44,135242,66],{"class":58},[44,135244,69],{"class":62},[44,135246,66],{"class":58},[44,135248,74],{"class":62},[44,135250,36619],{"class":58},[20,135252,135253],{},"What these checks do:",[145,135255,135256,135264,135270,135276,135285],{},[148,135257,135258,135261,135262,7470],{},[15,135259,135260],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135263,397],{},[148,135265,135266,135269],{},[15,135267,135268],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[148,135271,135272,135275],{},[15,135273,135274],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[148,135277,135278,135281,135282,135284],{},[15,135279,135280],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135283,132682],{}," behavior",[148,135286,135287,135290],{},[15,135288,135289],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[131,135292,1196],{"id":1195},[347,135294,1212,135296,135298],{"id":135295},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135297,132682],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135300,135301,135302,135304,135305,86],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135303,132682],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135306,135307],{},"map(str, values)",[347,135309,1212,135311,56523],{"id":135310},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135312,132682],{},[20,135314,135315],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[347,135317,27677,135319,61996],{"id":135318},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135320,132682],{},[20,135322,41509,135323,135325],{},[15,135324,132682],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[347,135327,1200,135329,39316],{"id":135328},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135330,135331],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135333,135334],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[347,135336,135338,135339,135341,135342,1239],{"id":135337},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135340,2376],{}," when using ",[15,135343,132682],{},[20,135345,135346],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[131,135348,1251],{"id":1250},[145,135350,135351,135356,135362,135368,135374],{},[148,135352,135353],{},[167,135354,135355],{"href":135077},"How to join strings in Python",[148,135357,135358],{},[167,135359,125600,135360,1272],{"href":128287},[15,135361,59892],{},[148,135363,135364],{},[167,135365,2945,135366,2878],{"href":41532},[15,135367,47043],{},[148,135369,135370],{},[167,135371,29696,135372],{"href":134520},[15,135373,134523],{},[148,135375,135376],{},[167,135377,124355],{"href":50336},[20,135379,96701,135380,135382],{},[15,135381,132682],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1294,135384,135385],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":135387},[135388,135389,135391,135394,135401,135411,135419,135429,135436,135437,135449],{"id":2978,"depth":80,"text":2979},{"id":132799,"depth":80,"text":135390},"What join() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175,"children":135392},[135393],{"id":48369,"depth":96,"text":48370},{"id":121130,"depth":80,"text":121131,"children":135395},[135396,135397,135398,135399],{"id":133146,"depth":96,"text":133147},{"id":133238,"depth":96,"text":133239},{"id":133339,"depth":96,"text":133340},{"id":133448,"depth":96,"text":135400},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":133551,"depth":80,"text":133552,"children":135402},[135403,135405,135407,135409],{"id":133558,"depth":96,"text":135404},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":133625,"depth":96,"text":135406},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":133714,"depth":96,"text":135408},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":133800,"depth":96,"text":135410},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":133875,"depth":80,"text":133876,"children":135412},[135413,135414,135415,135417],{"id":133884,"depth":96,"text":133885},{"id":133967,"depth":96,"text":133968},{"id":134121,"depth":96,"text":135416},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134293,"depth":96,"text":135418},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134380,"depth":80,"text":135420,"children":135421},"Common errors with join()",[135422,135424,135426,135427],{"id":134389,"depth":96,"text":135423},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":134526,"depth":96,"text":135425},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":134670,"depth":96,"text":134671},{"id":134745,"depth":96,"text":135428},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":134860,"depth":80,"text":135430,"children":135431},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135432,135434],{"id":134875,"depth":96,"text":135433},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":134957,"depth":96,"text":135435},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135081,"depth":80,"text":135082},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":135438},[135439,135441,135443,135445,135447],{"id":135295,"depth":96,"text":135440},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135310,"depth":96,"text":135442},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135318,"depth":96,"text":135444},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135328,"depth":96,"text":135446},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135337,"depth":96,"text":135448},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":132674,"description":135450},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135457,"title":135458,"body":135459,"description":137027,"extension":1331,"meta":137028,"navigation":268,"path":137029,"seo":137030,"stem":137031,"__hash__":137032},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135460,"toc":136994},[135461,135466,135471,135473,135487,135532,135539,135544,135549,135551,135567,135576,135578,135580,135595,135597,135607,135609,135671,135673,135676,135737,135739,135755,135757,135770,135773,135820,135822,135828,135831,135834,135894,135902,135988,135992,135997,135999,136013,136016,136101,136104,136162,136173,136228,136230,136237,136243,136249,136293,136296,136343,136345,136347,136354,136356,136387,136390,136392,136423,136427,136430,136432,136472,136474,136517,136523,136528,136530,136557,136562,136565,136614,136618,136621,136696,136707,136710,136767,136774,136780,136788,136793,136800,136807,136825,136827,136881,136889,136891,136896,136899,136905,136911,136916,136919,136925,136931,136938,136946,136948,136991],[10,135462,122600,135464,18],{"id":135463},"python-string-lower-method",[15,135465,123330],{},[20,135467,122605,135468,135470],{},[15,135469,123330],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,135472,23435],{},[145,135474,135475,135478,135481,135484],{},[148,135476,135477],{},"convert text to lowercase",[148,135479,135480],{},"compare text without case differences",[148,135482,135483],{},"clean up user input",[148,135485,135486],{},"make simple text matching easier",[35,135488,135490],{"className":37,"code":135489,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,135491,135492,135505,135519],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135493,135494,135496,135498,135500,135503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135495,34039],{"class":50},[44,135497,55],{"class":54},[44,135499,247],{"class":235},[44,135501,135502],{"class":239},"Hello WORLD",[44,135504,2727],{"class":235},[44,135506,135507,135509,135511,135513,135515,135517],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,135508,644],{"class":50},[44,135510,55],{"class":54},[44,135512,42199],{"class":50},[44,135514,86],{"class":58},[44,135516,8014],{"class":89},[44,135518,93],{"class":58},[44,135520,135521,135523,135525,135527,135529],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,135522,100],{"class":99},[44,135524,103],{"class":58},[44,135526,668],{"class":89},[44,135528,3032],{"class":58},[44,135530,135531],{"class":3035},"  # hello world\n",[20,135533,135534,88324,135536,135538],{},[30,135535,83182],{},[15,135537,123330],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[131,135540,134,135542,137],{"id":135541},"what-lower-does",[15,135543,123330],{},[20,135545,135546,135548],{},[15,135547,123330],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,135550,197],{},[145,135552,135553,135558,135561,135564],{},[148,135554,135555,135557],{},[15,135556,123330],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[148,135559,135560],{},"It works on string objects",[148,135562,135563],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[148,135565,135566],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,135568,124352,135569,135573,135574,86],{},[167,135570,135572],{"href":135571},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[167,135575,50337],{"href":50336},[131,135577,175],{"id":174},[20,135579,1530],{},[35,135581,135583],{"className":37,"code":135582,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.lower()\n",[15,135584,135585],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135586,135587,135589,135591,135593],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135588,60535],{"class":50},[44,135590,86],{"class":58},[44,135592,8014],{"class":89},[44,135594,93],{"class":58},[20,135596,43008],{},[145,135598,135599,135601,135604],{},[148,135600,202],{},[148,135602,135603],{},"You call it directly on a string",[148,135605,135606],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,135608,1578],{},[35,135610,135612],{"className":37,"code":135611,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,135613,135614,135637,135641,135654],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135615,135616,135618,135620,135622,135625,135627,135629,135631,135634],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135617,100],{"class":99},[44,135619,103],{"class":58},[44,135621,236],{"class":235},[44,135623,135624],{"class":239},"HELLO",[44,135626,236],{"class":235},[44,135628,86],{"class":58},[44,135630,8014],{"class":89},[44,135632,135633],{"class":58},"())",[44,135635,135636],{"class":3035},"  # hello\n",[44,135638,135639],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,135640,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,135642,135643,135645,135647,135649,135652],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,135644,7249],{"class":50},[44,135646,55],{"class":54},[44,135648,247],{"class":235},[44,135650,135651],{"class":239},"PyThOn",[44,135653,2727],{"class":235},[44,135655,135656,135658,135660,135662,135664,135666,135668],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,135657,100],{"class":99},[44,135659,103],{"class":58},[44,135661,7041],{"class":89},[44,135663,86],{"class":58},[44,135665,8014],{"class":89},[44,135667,135633],{"class":58},[44,135669,135670],{"class":3035},"  # python\n",[131,135672,215],{"id":214},[20,135674,135675],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[35,135677,135679],{"className":37,"code":135678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,135680,135681,135693,135697,135712,135716,135727],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135682,135683,135685,135687,135689,135691],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135684,34039],{"class":50},[44,135686,55],{"class":54},[44,135688,247],{"class":235},[44,135690,135502],{"class":239},[44,135692,2727],{"class":235},[44,135694,135695],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,135696,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,135698,135699,135702,135704,135706,135708,135710],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,135700,135701],{"class":50},"lower_text ",[44,135703,55],{"class":54},[44,135705,42199],{"class":50},[44,135707,86],{"class":58},[44,135709,8014],{"class":89},[44,135711,93],{"class":58},[44,135713,135714],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,135715,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,135717,135718,135720,135722,135725],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,135719,100],{"class":99},[44,135721,103],{"class":58},[44,135723,135724],{"class":89},"lower_text",[44,135726,108],{"class":58},[44,135728,135729,135731,135733,135735],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,135730,100],{"class":99},[44,135732,103],{"class":58},[44,135734,34060],{"class":89},[44,135736,108],{"class":58},[20,135738,111],{},[35,135740,135742],{"className":37,"code":135741,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,135743,135744,135748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135745,135746],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135747,133616],{"class":50},[44,135749,135750,135752],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,135751,131016],{"class":50},[44,135753,135754],{"class":33804},"WORLD\n",[20,135756,23955],{},[145,135758,135759,135764],{},[148,135760,135761,135763],{},[15,135762,123330],{}," returns the lowercase result",[148,135765,135766,135767,135769],{},"the original ",[15,135768,34060],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,135771,135772],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[35,135774,135776],{"className":37,"code":135775,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,135777,135778,135790,135804,135808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135779,135780,135782,135784,135786,135788],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135781,34039],{"class":50},[44,135783,55],{"class":54},[44,135785,247],{"class":235},[44,135787,135502],{"class":239},[44,135789,2727],{"class":235},[44,135791,135792,135794,135796,135798,135800,135802],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,135793,34039],{"class":50},[44,135795,55],{"class":54},[44,135797,42199],{"class":50},[44,135799,86],{"class":58},[44,135801,8014],{"class":89},[44,135803,93],{"class":58},[44,135805,135806],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,135807,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,135809,135810,135812,135814,135816,135818],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,135811,100],{"class":99},[44,135813,103],{"class":58},[44,135815,34060],{"class":89},[44,135817,3032],{"class":58},[44,135819,135531],{"class":3035},[131,135821,596],{"id":595},[20,135823,135824,21323,135826,86],{},[15,135825,123330],{},[30,135827,60535],{},[20,135829,135830],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,135832,135833],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[35,135835,135837],{"className":37,"code":135836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,135838,135839,135853,135857,135880],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135840,135841,135844,135846,135848,135851],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135842,135843],{"class":50},"answer ",[44,135845,55],{"class":54},[44,135847,247],{"class":235},[44,135849,135850],{"class":239},"YES",[44,135852,2727],{"class":235},[44,135854,135855],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,135856,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,135858,135859,135861,135864,135866,135868,135870,135872,135874,135876,135878],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,135860,6369],{"class":3245},[44,135862,135863],{"class":50}," answer",[44,135865,86],{"class":58},[44,135867,8014],{"class":89},[44,135869,6738],{"class":58},[44,135871,5779],{"class":54},[44,135873,247],{"class":235},[44,135875,8031],{"class":239},[44,135877,236],{"class":235},[44,135879,5764],{"class":58},[44,135881,135882,135884,135886,135888,135890,135892],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,135883,7442],{"class":99},[44,135885,103],{"class":58},[44,135887,236],{"class":235},[44,135889,96190],{"class":239},[44,135891,236],{"class":235},[44,135893,108],{"class":58},[20,135895,135896,135897,2255],{},"This is especially useful with ",[167,135898,135899,135900,1673],{"href":7593},"the ",[15,135901,2329],{},[35,135903,135905],{"className":37,"code":135904,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,135906,135907,135926,135930,135952,135967,135973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135908,135909,135911,135913,135915,135917,135919,135922,135924],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135910,135843],{"class":50},[44,135912,55],{"class":54},[44,135914,7616],{"class":99},[44,135916,103],{"class":58},[44,135918,236],{"class":235},[44,135920,135921],{"class":239},"Type yes or no: ",[44,135923,236],{"class":235},[44,135925,108],{"class":58},[44,135927,135928],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,135929,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,135931,135932,135934,135936,135938,135940,135942,135944,135946,135948,135950],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,135933,6369],{"class":3245},[44,135935,135863],{"class":50},[44,135937,86],{"class":58},[44,135939,8014],{"class":89},[44,135941,6738],{"class":58},[44,135943,5779],{"class":54},[44,135945,247],{"class":235},[44,135947,8031],{"class":239},[44,135949,236],{"class":235},[44,135951,5764],{"class":58},[44,135953,135954,135956,135958,135960,135963,135965],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,135955,7442],{"class":99},[44,135957,103],{"class":58},[44,135959,236],{"class":235},[44,135961,135962],{"class":239},"You typed yes",[44,135964,236],{"class":235},[44,135966,108],{"class":58},[44,135968,135969,135971],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,135970,26782],{"class":3245},[44,135972,5764],{"class":58},[44,135974,135975,135977,135979,135981,135984,135986],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,135976,7442],{"class":99},[44,135978,103],{"class":58},[44,135980,236],{"class":235},[44,135982,135983],{"class":239},"You typed something else",[44,135985,236],{"class":235},[44,135987,108],{"class":58},[131,135989,135991],{"id":135990},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,135993,135994,135996],{},[15,135995,123330],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,135998,6715],{},[145,136000,136001,136004,136007,136010],{},[148,136002,136003],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[148,136005,136006],{},"Make text matching easier",[148,136008,136009],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[148,136011,136012],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136014,136015],{},"Example: checking user input",[35,136017,136019],{"className":37,"code":136018,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136020,136021,136039,136043,136065,136080,136086],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136022,136023,136025,136027,136029,136031,136033,136035,136037],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136024,44317],{"class":50},[44,136026,55],{"class":54},[44,136028,7616],{"class":99},[44,136030,103],{"class":58},[44,136032,236],{"class":235},[44,136034,44328],{"class":239},[44,136036,236],{"class":235},[44,136038,108],{"class":58},[44,136040,136041],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,136042,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,136044,136045,136047,136049,136051,136053,136055,136057,136059,136061,136063],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,136046,6369],{"class":3245},[44,136048,35204],{"class":50},[44,136050,86],{"class":58},[44,136052,8014],{"class":89},[44,136054,6738],{"class":58},[44,136056,5779],{"class":54},[44,136058,247],{"class":235},[44,136060,259],{"class":239},[44,136062,236],{"class":235},[44,136064,5764],{"class":58},[44,136066,136067,136069,136071,136073,136076,136078],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,136068,7442],{"class":99},[44,136070,103],{"class":58},[44,136072,236],{"class":235},[44,136074,136075],{"class":239},"Nice choice!",[44,136077,236],{"class":235},[44,136079,108],{"class":58},[44,136081,136082,136084],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,136083,26782],{"class":3245},[44,136085,5764],{"class":58},[44,136087,136088,136090,136092,136094,136097,136099],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,136089,7442],{"class":99},[44,136091,103],{"class":58},[44,136093,236],{"class":235},[44,136095,136096],{"class":239},"Got it.",[44,136098,236],{"class":235},[44,136100,108],{"class":58},[20,136102,136103],{},"Example: simple search",[35,136105,136107],{"className":37,"code":136106,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136108,136109,136122,136126,136147],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136110,136111,136113,136115,136117,136120],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136112,89368],{"class":50},[44,136114,55],{"class":54},[44,136116,247],{"class":235},[44,136118,136119],{"class":239},"Python Is Fun",[44,136121,2727],{"class":235},[44,136123,136124],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,136125,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,136127,136128,136130,136132,136134,136136,136138,136141,136143,136145],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,136129,6369],{"class":3245},[44,136131,247],{"class":235},[44,136133,39],{"class":239},[44,136135,236],{"class":235},[44,136137,20521],{"class":54},[44,136139,136140],{"class":50}," message",[44,136142,86],{"class":58},[44,136144,8014],{"class":89},[44,136146,20943],{"class":58},[44,136148,136149,136151,136153,136155,136158,136160],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,136150,7442],{"class":99},[44,136152,103],{"class":58},[44,136154,236],{"class":235},[44,136156,136157],{"class":239},"Found it",[44,136159,236],{"class":235},[44,136161,108],{"class":58},[20,136163,136164,136165,136167,136168,2255],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136166,123330],{}," is often used with ",[167,136169,136171],{"href":136170},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136172,41010],{},[35,136174,136176],{"className":37,"code":136175,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136177,136178,136191,136210,136214],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136179,136180,136182,136184,136186,136189],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136181,7249],{"class":50},[44,136183,55],{"class":54},[44,136185,247],{"class":235},[44,136187,136188],{"class":239},"  ALICE  ",[44,136190,2727],{"class":235},[44,136192,136193,136196,136198,136200,136202,136204,136206,136208],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,136194,136195],{"class":50},"clean_name ",[44,136197,55],{"class":54},[44,136199,35345],{"class":50},[44,136201,86],{"class":58},[44,136203,8008],{"class":89},[44,136205,8011],{"class":58},[44,136207,8014],{"class":89},[44,136209,93],{"class":58},[44,136211,136212],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,136213,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,136215,136216,136218,136220,136223,136225],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,136217,100],{"class":99},[44,136219,103],{"class":58},[44,136221,136222],{"class":89},"clean_name",[44,136224,3032],{"class":58},[44,136226,136227],{"class":3035},"  # alice\n",[131,136229,14950],{"id":14949},[20,136231,136232,136233,136236],{},"Strings are ",[30,136234,136235],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136238,136239,136240,136242],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136241,123330],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136244,136245,136246,136248],{},"So this does ",[30,136247,604],{}," update the original variable:",[35,136250,136252],{"className":37,"code":136251,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136253,136254,136266,136276,136280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136255,136256,136258,136260,136262,136264],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136257,34039],{"class":50},[44,136259,55],{"class":54},[44,136261,247],{"class":235},[44,136263,135624],{"class":239},[44,136265,2727],{"class":235},[44,136267,136268,136270,136272,136274],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,136269,34060],{"class":50},[44,136271,86],{"class":58},[44,136273,8014],{"class":89},[44,136275,93],{"class":58},[44,136277,136278],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,136279,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,136281,136282,136284,136286,136288,136290],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,136283,100],{"class":99},[44,136285,103],{"class":58},[44,136287,34060],{"class":89},[44,136289,3032],{"class":58},[44,136291,136292],{"class":3035},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136294,136295],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[35,136297,136299],{"className":37,"code":136298,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136300,136301,136313,136327,136331],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136302,136303,136305,136307,136309,136311],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136304,34039],{"class":50},[44,136306,55],{"class":54},[44,136308,247],{"class":235},[44,136310,135624],{"class":239},[44,136312,2727],{"class":235},[44,136314,136315,136317,136319,136321,136323,136325],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,136316,34039],{"class":50},[44,136318,55],{"class":54},[44,136320,42199],{"class":50},[44,136322,86],{"class":58},[44,136324,8014],{"class":89},[44,136326,93],{"class":58},[44,136328,136329],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,136330,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,136332,136333,136335,136337,136339,136341],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,136334,100],{"class":99},[44,136336,103],{"class":58},[44,136338,34060],{"class":89},[44,136340,3032],{"class":58},[44,136342,135636],{"class":3035},[131,136344,2200],{"id":2199},[347,136346,25036],{"id":25035},[20,136348,136349,136350,10459,136352,86],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136351,8014],{},[15,136353,123330],{},[20,136355,798],{},[35,136357,136359],{"className":37,"code":136358,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136360,136361,136373],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136362,136363,136365,136367,136369,136371],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136364,34039],{"class":50},[44,136366,55],{"class":54},[44,136368,247],{"class":235},[44,136370,135624],{"class":239},[44,136372,2727],{"class":235},[44,136374,136375,136377,136379,136381,136383,136385],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,136376,100],{"class":99},[44,136378,103],{"class":58},[44,136380,34060],{"class":89},[44,136382,86],{"class":58},[44,136384,8014],{"class":24098},[44,136386,108],{"class":58},[20,136388,136389],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,136391,862],{},[35,136393,136395],{"className":37,"code":136394,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136396,136397,136409],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136398,136399,136401,136403,136405,136407],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136400,34039],{"class":50},[44,136402,55],{"class":54},[44,136404,247],{"class":235},[44,136406,135624],{"class":239},[44,136408,2727],{"class":235},[44,136410,136411,136413,136415,136417,136419,136421],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,136412,100],{"class":99},[44,136414,103],{"class":58},[44,136416,34060],{"class":89},[44,136418,86],{"class":58},[44,136420,8014],{"class":89},[44,136422,6566],{"class":58},[347,136424,136426],{"id":136425},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,136428,136429],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,136431,798],{},[35,136433,136435],{"className":37,"code":136434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,136436,136437,136449,136459],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136438,136439,136441,136443,136445,136447],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136440,34039],{"class":50},[44,136442,55],{"class":54},[44,136444,247],{"class":235},[44,136446,135624],{"class":239},[44,136448,2727],{"class":235},[44,136450,136451,136453,136455,136457],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,136452,34060],{"class":50},[44,136454,86],{"class":58},[44,136456,8014],{"class":89},[44,136458,93],{"class":58},[44,136460,136461,136463,136465,136467,136469],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,136462,100],{"class":99},[44,136464,103],{"class":58},[44,136466,34060],{"class":89},[44,136468,3032],{"class":58},[44,136470,136471],{"class":3035},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,136473,862],{},[35,136475,136477],{"className":37,"code":136476,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136478,136479,136491,136505],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136480,136481,136483,136485,136487,136489],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136482,34039],{"class":50},[44,136484,55],{"class":54},[44,136486,247],{"class":235},[44,136488,135624],{"class":239},[44,136490,2727],{"class":235},[44,136492,136493,136495,136497,136499,136501,136503],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,136494,34039],{"class":50},[44,136496,55],{"class":54},[44,136498,42199],{"class":50},[44,136500,86],{"class":58},[44,136502,8014],{"class":89},[44,136504,93],{"class":58},[44,136506,136507,136509,136511,136513,136515],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,136508,100],{"class":99},[44,136510,103],{"class":58},[44,136512,34060],{"class":89},[44,136514,3032],{"class":58},[44,136516,135636],{"class":3035},[347,136518,350,136520,136522],{"id":136519},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,136521,123330],{}," on a non-string value",[20,136524,136525,136527],{},[15,136526,123330],{}," only works on strings.",[20,136529,798],{},[35,136531,136533],{"className":37,"code":136532,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,136534,136535,136543],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136536,136537,136539,136541],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136538,1588],{"class":50},[44,136540,55],{"class":54},[44,136542,124282],{"class":62},[44,136544,136545,136547,136549,136551,136553,136555],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,136546,100],{"class":99},[44,136548,103],{"class":58},[44,136550,1610],{"class":89},[44,136552,86],{"class":58},[44,136554,8014],{"class":89},[44,136556,6566],{"class":58},[20,136558,136559,136560,32951],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,136561,123330],{},[20,136563,136564],{},"You can check the type first:",[35,136566,136568],{"className":37,"code":136567,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136569,136570,136582,136586,136600],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136571,136572,136574,136576,136578,136580],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136573,34039],{"class":50},[44,136575,55],{"class":54},[44,136577,247],{"class":235},[44,136579,135624],{"class":239},[44,136581,2727],{"class":235},[44,136583,136584],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,136585,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,136587,136588,136590,136592,136594,136596,136598],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,136589,100],{"class":99},[44,136591,103],{"class":58},[44,136593,985],{"class":121},[44,136595,103],{"class":58},[44,136597,34060],{"class":89},[44,136599,993],{"class":58},[44,136601,136602,136604,136606,136608,136610,136612],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,136603,100],{"class":99},[44,136605,103],{"class":58},[44,136607,34060],{"class":89},[44,136609,86],{"class":58},[44,136611,8014],{"class":89},[44,136613,6566],{"class":58},[347,136615,136617],{"id":136616},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,136619,136620],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[35,136622,136624],{"className":37,"code":136623,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,136625,136626,136639,136643,136660,136675,136681],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136627,136628,136630,136632,136634,136637],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136629,135843],{"class":50},[44,136631,55],{"class":54},[44,136633,247],{"class":235},[44,136635,136636],{"class":239},"Yes",[44,136638,2727],{"class":235},[44,136640,136641],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,136642,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,136644,136645,136647,136650,136652,136654,136656,136658],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,136646,6369],{"class":3245},[44,136648,136649],{"class":50}," answer ",[44,136651,4058],{"class":54},[44,136653,247],{"class":235},[44,136655,8031],{"class":239},[44,136657,236],{"class":235},[44,136659,5764],{"class":58},[44,136661,136662,136664,136666,136668,136671,136673],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,136663,7442],{"class":99},[44,136665,103],{"class":58},[44,136667,236],{"class":235},[44,136669,136670],{"class":239},"Match",[44,136672,236],{"class":235},[44,136674,108],{"class":58},[44,136676,136677,136679],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,136678,26782],{"class":3245},[44,136680,5764],{"class":58},[44,136682,136683,136685,136687,136689,136692,136694],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,136684,7442],{"class":99},[44,136686,103],{"class":58},[44,136688,236],{"class":235},[44,136690,136691],{"class":239},"No match",[44,136693,236],{"class":235},[44,136695,108],{"class":58},[20,136697,1187,136698,342,136701,136704,136705,86],{},[15,136699,136700],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,136702,136703],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,136706,136691],{},[20,136708,136709],{},"Better:",[35,136711,136713],{"className":37,"code":136712,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,136714,136715,136727,136731,136753],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136716,136717,136719,136721,136723,136725],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136718,135843],{"class":50},[44,136720,55],{"class":54},[44,136722,247],{"class":235},[44,136724,136636],{"class":239},[44,136726,2727],{"class":235},[44,136728,136729],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,136730,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,136732,136733,136735,136737,136739,136741,136743,136745,136747,136749,136751],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,136734,6369],{"class":3245},[44,136736,135863],{"class":50},[44,136738,86],{"class":58},[44,136740,8014],{"class":89},[44,136742,6738],{"class":58},[44,136744,5779],{"class":54},[44,136746,247],{"class":235},[44,136748,8031],{"class":239},[44,136750,236],{"class":235},[44,136752,5764],{"class":58},[44,136754,136755,136757,136759,136761,136763,136765],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,136756,7442],{"class":99},[44,136758,103],{"class":58},[44,136760,236],{"class":235},[44,136762,136670],{"class":239},[44,136764,236],{"class":235},[44,136766,108],{"class":58},[347,136768,43571,136770,136773],{"id":136769},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,136771,136772],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,136775,136776,136777,136779],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,136778,123330],{}," is enough.",[20,136781,136782,136783,136785,136786,86],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,136784,136772],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,136787,123330],{},[20,136789,136790,136791,121842],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,136792,123330],{},[131,136794,136796,9953,136798],{"id":136795},"lower-vs-upper",[15,136797,123330],{},[15,136799,127478],{},[20,136801,136802,342,136804,136806],{},[15,136803,123330],{},[15,136805,127478],{}," are very similar.",[145,136808,136809,136814,136819,136822],{},[148,136810,136811,136813],{},[15,136812,123330],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[148,136815,136816,136818],{},[15,136817,127478],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[148,136820,136821],{},"Both return new strings",[148,136823,136824],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,136826,1578],{},[35,136828,136830],{"className":37,"code":136829,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,136831,136832,136844,136848,136864],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136833,136834,136836,136838,136840,136842],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136835,34039],{"class":50},[44,136837,55],{"class":54},[44,136839,247],{"class":235},[44,136841,128319],{"class":239},[44,136843,2727],{"class":235},[44,136845,136846],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,136847,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,136849,136850,136852,136854,136856,136858,136860,136862],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,136851,100],{"class":99},[44,136853,103],{"class":58},[44,136855,34060],{"class":89},[44,136857,86],{"class":58},[44,136859,8014],{"class":89},[44,136861,135633],{"class":58},[44,136863,135531],{"class":3035},[44,136865,136866,136868,136870,136872,136874,136876,136878],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,136867,100],{"class":99},[44,136869,103],{"class":58},[44,136871,34060],{"class":89},[44,136873,86],{"class":58},[44,136875,33829],{"class":89},[44,136877,135633],{"class":58},[44,136879,136880],{"class":3035},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,136882,136883,136884,86],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[167,136885,125600,136887,1272],{"href":136886},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,136888,127478],{},[131,136890,1196],{"id":1195},[347,136892,1212,136894,123927],{"id":136893},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,136895,123330],{},[20,136897,136898],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[347,136900,1212,136902,136904],{"id":136901},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,136903,123330],{}," take any arguments?",[20,136906,136907,136908,86],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,136909,136910],{},"string.lower()",[347,136912,1200,136914,12073],{"id":136913},"what-does-lower-return",[15,136915,123330],{},[20,136917,136918],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[347,136920,27677,136922,136924],{"id":136921},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,136923,123330],{}," on user input?",[20,136926,136927,136928,136930],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,136929,2329],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[347,136932,1234,136934,342,136936,1239],{"id":136933},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,136935,123330],{},[15,136937,136772],{},[20,136939,136940,136942,136943,136945],{},[15,136941,123330],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,136944,136772],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[131,136947,1251],{"id":1250},[145,136949,136950,136954,136960,136966,136972,136976,136980,136986],{},[148,136951,136952],{},[167,136953,50337],{"href":50336},[148,136955,136956],{},[167,136957,125600,136958,1272],{"href":136886},[15,136959,127478],{},[148,136961,136962],{},[167,136963,125600,136964,1272],{"href":136170},[15,136965,41010],{},[148,136967,136968],{},[167,136969,125600,136970,1272],{"href":129181},[15,136971,123771],{},[148,136973,136974],{},[167,136975,123999],{"href":122855},[148,136977,136978],{},[167,136979,90044],{"href":89053},[148,136981,136982],{},[167,136983,2945,136984,2878],{"href":7593},[15,136985,2329],{},[148,136987,136988],{},[167,136989,136990],{"href":135571},"What is a string in Python?",[1294,136992,136993],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":136995},[136996,136998,136999,137000,137001,137002,137003,137012,137014,137026],{"id":135541,"depth":80,"text":136997},"What lower() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":214,"depth":80,"text":215},{"id":595,"depth":80,"text":596},{"id":135990,"depth":80,"text":135991},{"id":14949,"depth":80,"text":14950},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200,"children":137004},[137005,137006,137007,137009,137010],{"id":25035,"depth":96,"text":25036},{"id":136425,"depth":96,"text":136426},{"id":136519,"depth":96,"text":137008},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":136616,"depth":96,"text":136617},{"id":136769,"depth":96,"text":137011},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":136795,"depth":80,"text":137013},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":137015},[137016,137018,137020,137022,137024],{"id":136893,"depth":96,"text":137017},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":136901,"depth":96,"text":137019},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":136913,"depth":96,"text":137021},"What does lower() return?",{"id":136921,"depth":96,"text":137023},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":136933,"depth":96,"text":137025},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135458,"description":137027},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137034,"title":137035,"body":137036,"description":138586,"extension":1331,"meta":138587,"navigation":268,"path":138588,"seo":138589,"stem":138590,"__hash__":138591},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137037,"toc":138547},[137038,137043,137048,137054,137069,137071,137131,137133,137142,137148,137153,137158,137160,137174,137178,137180,137227,137229,137247,137249,137252,137323,137325,137339,137342,137354,137363,137367,137372,137377,137381,137447,137449,137458,137462,137527,137529,137538,137541,137546,137550,137555,137559,137620,137622,137631,137635,137638,137694,137696,137705,137708,137721,137723,137727,137734,137796,137798,137811,137817,137820,137827,137832,137837,137840,137848,137850,137911,137913,137922,137925,137972,137975,138022,138024,138029,138046,138053,138058,138111,138113,138121,138123,138180,138182,138190,138194,138241,138243,138251,138259,138263,138311,138313,138322,138327,138378,138380,138389,138396,138399,138420,138422,138427,138430,138434,138437,138441,138444,138471,138477,138480,138507,138512,138514,138516,138544],[10,137039,122600,137041,18],{"id":137040},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137042,123771],{},[20,137044,122605,137045,137047],{},[15,137046,123771],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137049,137050,137051,137053],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137052,123771],{},". You will learn:",[145,137055,137056,137060,137063,137066],{},[148,137057,25367,137058,137],{},[15,137059,123771],{},[148,137061,137062],{},"how its syntax works",[148,137064,137065],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[148,137067,137068],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[131,137070,1372],{"id":1371},[35,137072,137074],{"className":37,"code":137073,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137075,137076,137089,137121],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137077,137078,137080,137082,137084,137087],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137079,34039],{"class":50},[44,137081,55],{"class":54},[44,137083,247],{"class":235},[44,137085,137086],{"class":239},"I like cats",[44,137088,2727],{"class":235},[44,137090,137091,137093,137095,137097,137099,137101,137103,137105,137108,137110,137112,137114,137117,137119],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,137092,129439],{"class":50},[44,137094,55],{"class":54},[44,137096,42199],{"class":50},[44,137098,86],{"class":58},[44,137100,34351],{"class":89},[44,137102,103],{"class":58},[44,137104,236],{"class":235},[44,137106,137107],{"class":239},"cats",[44,137109,236],{"class":235},[44,137111,66],{"class":58},[44,137113,247],{"class":235},[44,137115,137116],{"class":239},"dogs",[44,137118,236],{"class":235},[44,137120,108],{"class":58},[44,137122,137123,137125,137127,137129],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,137124,100],{"class":99},[44,137126,103],{"class":58},[44,137128,129470],{"class":89},[44,137130,108],{"class":58},[20,137132,111],{},[35,137134,137136],{"className":37,"code":137135,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"I like dogs\n",[15,137137,137138],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137139,137140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137141,137135],{"class":50},[20,137143,1462,137144,137147],{},[15,137145,137146],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[131,137149,134,137151,137],{"id":137150},"what-replace-does",[15,137152,123771],{},[20,137154,137155,137157],{},[15,137156,123771],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137159,197],{},[145,137161,137162,137164,137166,137169],{},[148,137163,132848],{},[148,137165,135566],{},[148,137167,137168],{},"It works on exact matches",[148,137170,137171,137172],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137173,40616],{},[20,137175,124352,137176,86],{},[167,137177,124355],{"href":50336},[131,137179,4800],{"id":4799},[35,137181,137183],{"className":37,"code":137182,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137184,137185,137205],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137186,137187,137189,137191,137193,137195,137198,137200,137203],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137188,60535],{"class":50},[44,137190,86],{"class":58},[44,137192,34351],{"class":89},[44,137194,103],{"class":58},[44,137196,137197],{"class":89},"old",[44,137199,66],{"class":58},[44,137201,137202],{"class":89}," new",[44,137204,108],{"class":58},[44,137206,137207,137209,137211,137213,137215,137217,137219,137221,137223,137225],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,137208,60535],{"class":50},[44,137210,86],{"class":58},[44,137212,34351],{"class":89},[44,137214,103],{"class":58},[44,137216,137197],{"class":89},[44,137218,66],{"class":58},[44,137220,137202],{"class":89},[44,137222,66],{"class":58},[44,137224,48962],{"class":89},[44,137226,108],{"class":58},[347,137228,16745],{"id":16744},[145,137230,137231,137236,137242],{},[148,137232,137233,137235],{},[15,137234,137197],{}," = the text to find",[148,137237,137238,137241],{},[15,137239,137240],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[148,137243,137244,137246],{},[15,137245,40616],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[131,137248,5157],{"id":5156},[20,137250,137251],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[35,137253,137255],{"className":37,"code":137254,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137256,137257,137269,137299,137303,137313],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137258,137259,137261,137263,137265,137267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137260,34039],{"class":50},[44,137262,55],{"class":54},[44,137264,247],{"class":235},[44,137266,137086],{"class":239},[44,137268,2727],{"class":235},[44,137270,137271,137273,137275,137277,137279,137281,137283,137285,137287,137289,137291,137293,137295,137297],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,137272,129439],{"class":50},[44,137274,55],{"class":54},[44,137276,42199],{"class":50},[44,137278,86],{"class":58},[44,137280,34351],{"class":89},[44,137282,103],{"class":58},[44,137284,236],{"class":235},[44,137286,137107],{"class":239},[44,137288,236],{"class":235},[44,137290,66],{"class":58},[44,137292,247],{"class":235},[44,137294,137116],{"class":239},[44,137296,236],{"class":235},[44,137298,108],{"class":58},[44,137300,137301],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,137302,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,137304,137305,137307,137309,137311],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,137306,100],{"class":99},[44,137308,103],{"class":58},[44,137310,34060],{"class":89},[44,137312,108],{"class":58},[44,137314,137315,137317,137319,137321],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,137316,100],{"class":99},[44,137318,103],{"class":58},[44,137320,129470],{"class":89},[44,137322,108],{"class":58},[20,137324,111],{},[35,137326,137328],{"className":37,"code":137327,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137329,137330,137335],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137331,137332],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137333,137334],{"class":50},"I like cats\n",[44,137336,137337],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,137338,137135],{"class":50},[20,137340,137341],{},"Notice what happened:",[145,137343,137344,137349],{},[148,137345,137346,137348],{},[15,137347,34060],{}," did not change",[148,137350,137351,137353],{},[15,137352,129470],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137355,137356,137357,137359,137360,137362],{},"This happens because strings are ",[30,137358,136235],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137361,123771],{}," return a new string instead.",[131,137364,137366],{"id":137365},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,137368,89062,137369,137371],{},[15,137370,123771],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,137373,137374,137375,35975],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137376,40616],{},[347,137378,137380],{"id":137379},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[35,137382,137384],{"className":37,"code":137383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137385,137386,137399,137433,137437],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137387,137388,137390,137392,137394,137397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137389,34039],{"class":50},[44,137391,55],{"class":54},[44,137393,247],{"class":235},[44,137395,137396],{"class":239},"cat cat cat",[44,137398,2727],{"class":235},[44,137400,137401,137403,137405,137407,137409,137411,137413,137415,137417,137419,137421,137423,137425,137427,137429,137431],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,137402,644],{"class":50},[44,137404,55],{"class":54},[44,137406,42199],{"class":50},[44,137408,86],{"class":58},[44,137410,34351],{"class":89},[44,137412,103],{"class":58},[44,137414,236],{"class":235},[44,137416,36401],{"class":239},[44,137418,236],{"class":235},[44,137420,66],{"class":58},[44,137422,247],{"class":235},[44,137424,57487],{"class":239},[44,137426,236],{"class":235},[44,137428,66],{"class":58},[44,137430,4867],{"class":62},[44,137432,108],{"class":58},[44,137434,137435],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,137436,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,137438,137439,137441,137443,137445],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,137440,100],{"class":99},[44,137442,103],{"class":58},[44,137444,668],{"class":89},[44,137446,108],{"class":58},[20,137448,111],{},[35,137450,137452],{"className":37,"code":137451,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dog cat cat\n",[15,137453,137454],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137455,137456],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137457,137451],{"class":50},[347,137459,137461],{"id":137460},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[35,137463,137465],{"className":37,"code":137464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137466,137467,137479,137513,137517],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137468,137469,137471,137473,137475,137477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137470,34039],{"class":50},[44,137472,55],{"class":54},[44,137474,247],{"class":235},[44,137476,137396],{"class":239},[44,137478,2727],{"class":235},[44,137480,137481,137483,137485,137487,137489,137491,137493,137495,137497,137499,137501,137503,137505,137507,137509,137511],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,137482,644],{"class":50},[44,137484,55],{"class":54},[44,137486,42199],{"class":50},[44,137488,86],{"class":58},[44,137490,34351],{"class":89},[44,137492,103],{"class":58},[44,137494,236],{"class":235},[44,137496,36401],{"class":239},[44,137498,236],{"class":235},[44,137500,66],{"class":58},[44,137502,247],{"class":235},[44,137504,57487],{"class":239},[44,137506,236],{"class":235},[44,137508,66],{"class":58},[44,137510,69],{"class":62},[44,137512,108],{"class":58},[44,137514,137515],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,137516,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,137518,137519,137521,137523,137525],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,137520,100],{"class":99},[44,137522,103],{"class":58},[44,137524,668],{"class":89},[44,137526,108],{"class":58},[20,137528,111],{},[35,137530,137532],{"className":37,"code":137531,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dog dog cat\n",[15,137533,137534],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137535,137536],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137537,137531],{"class":50},[20,137539,137540],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,137542,137543,137544,86],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[167,137545,127324],{"href":123768},[131,137547,137549],{"id":137548},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,137551,137552,137554],{},[15,137553,123771],{}," can also change single characters.",[347,137556,137558],{"id":137557},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[35,137560,137562],{"className":37,"code":137561,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137563,137564,137576,137606,137610],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137565,137566,137568,137570,137572,137574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137567,34039],{"class":50},[44,137569,55],{"class":54},[44,137571,247],{"class":235},[44,137573,3459],{"class":239},[44,137575,2727],{"class":235},[44,137577,137578,137580,137582,137584,137586,137588,137590,137592,137594,137596,137598,137600,137602,137604],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,137579,644],{"class":50},[44,137581,55],{"class":54},[44,137583,42199],{"class":50},[44,137585,86],{"class":58},[44,137587,34351],{"class":89},[44,137589,103],{"class":58},[44,137591,236],{"class":235},[44,137593,167],{"class":239},[44,137595,236],{"class":235},[44,137597,66],{"class":58},[44,137599,247],{"class":235},[44,137601,59834],{"class":239},[44,137603,236],{"class":235},[44,137605,108],{"class":58},[44,137607,137608],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,137609,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,137611,137612,137614,137616,137618],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,137613,100],{"class":99},[44,137615,103],{"class":58},[44,137617,668],{"class":89},[44,137619,108],{"class":58},[20,137621,111],{},[35,137623,137625],{"className":37,"code":137624,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bonono\n",[15,137626,137627],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137628,137629],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137630,137624],{"class":50},[347,137632,137634],{"id":137633},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,137636,137637],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[35,137639,137641],{"className":37,"code":137640,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137642,137643,137656,137680,137684],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137644,137645,137647,137649,137651,137654],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137646,34039],{"class":50},[44,137648,55],{"class":54},[44,137650,247],{"class":235},[44,137652,137653],{"class":239},"a b c",[44,137655,2727],{"class":235},[44,137657,137658,137660,137662,137664,137666,137668,137670,137672,137674,137676,137678],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,137659,644],{"class":50},[44,137661,55],{"class":54},[44,137663,42199],{"class":50},[44,137665,86],{"class":58},[44,137667,34351],{"class":89},[44,137669,103],{"class":58},[44,137671,236],{"class":235},[44,137673,247],{"class":235},[44,137675,66],{"class":58},[44,137677,5497],{"class":235},[44,137679,108],{"class":58},[44,137681,137682],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,137683,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,137685,137686,137688,137690,137692],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,137687,100],{"class":99},[44,137689,103],{"class":58},[44,137691,668],{"class":89},[44,137693,108],{"class":58},[20,137695,111],{},[35,137697,137699],{"className":37,"code":137698,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"abc\n",[15,137700,137701],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137702,137703],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137704,137698],{"class":50},[20,137706,137707],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,137709,137710,137711,137715,137716,137720],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[167,137712,125600,137713,1272],{"href":128287},[15,137714,59892],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[167,137717,125600,137718,1272],{"href":136170},[15,137719,41010],{}," is often a better choice.",[131,137722,123247],{"id":123246},[20,137724,137725,123058],{},[15,137726,123771],{},[20,137728,126645,137729,342,137731,126652],{},[15,137730,112284],{},[15,137732,137733],{},"\"Cat\"",[35,137735,137737],{"className":37,"code":137736,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137738,137739,137752,137782,137786],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137740,137741,137743,137745,137747,137750],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137742,34039],{"class":50},[44,137744,55],{"class":54},[44,137746,247],{"class":235},[44,137748,137749],{"class":239},"Cat cat CAT",[44,137751,2727],{"class":235},[44,137753,137754,137756,137758,137760,137762,137764,137766,137768,137770,137772,137774,137776,137778,137780],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,137755,644],{"class":50},[44,137757,55],{"class":54},[44,137759,42199],{"class":50},[44,137761,86],{"class":58},[44,137763,34351],{"class":89},[44,137765,103],{"class":58},[44,137767,236],{"class":235},[44,137769,36401],{"class":239},[44,137771,236],{"class":235},[44,137773,66],{"class":58},[44,137775,247],{"class":235},[44,137777,57487],{"class":239},[44,137779,236],{"class":235},[44,137781,108],{"class":58},[44,137783,137784],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,137785,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,137787,137788,137790,137792,137794],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,137789,100],{"class":99},[44,137791,103],{"class":58},[44,137793,668],{"class":89},[44,137795,108],{"class":58},[20,137797,111],{},[35,137799,137801],{"className":37,"code":137800,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,137802,137803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137804,137805,137808],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137806,137807],{"class":50},"Cat dog ",[44,137809,137810],{"class":33804},"CAT\n",[20,137812,137813,137814,137816],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,137815,112284],{}," was replaced.",[20,137818,137819],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,137821,137822,137823,86],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[167,137824,125600,137825,1272],{"href":123327},[15,137826,123330],{},[131,137828,134,137830,11065],{"id":137829},"what-replace-returns",[15,137831,123771],{},[20,137833,137834,137836],{},[15,137835,123771],{}," returns a new string.",[20,137838,137839],{},"If no match is found:",[145,137841,137842,137845],{},[148,137843,137844],{},"no error happens",[148,137846,137847],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,137849,1578],{},[35,137851,137853],{"className":37,"code":137852,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137854,137855,137867,137897,137901],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137856,137857,137859,137861,137863,137865],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137858,34039],{"class":50},[44,137860,55],{"class":54},[44,137862,247],{"class":235},[44,137864,3214],{"class":239},[44,137866,2727],{"class":235},[44,137868,137869,137871,137873,137875,137877,137879,137881,137883,137885,137887,137889,137891,137893,137895],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,137870,644],{"class":50},[44,137872,55],{"class":54},[44,137874,42199],{"class":50},[44,137876,86],{"class":58},[44,137878,34351],{"class":89},[44,137880,103],{"class":58},[44,137882,236],{"class":235},[44,137884,1104],{"class":239},[44,137886,236],{"class":235},[44,137888,66],{"class":58},[44,137890,247],{"class":235},[44,137892,1113],{"class":239},[44,137894,236],{"class":235},[44,137896,108],{"class":58},[44,137898,137899],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,137900,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,137902,137903,137905,137907,137909],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,137904,100],{"class":99},[44,137906,103],{"class":58},[44,137908,668],{"class":89},[44,137910,108],{"class":58},[20,137912,111],{},[35,137914,137916],{"className":37,"code":137915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello\n",[15,137917,137918],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137919,137920],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137921,137915],{"class":50},[20,137923,137924],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[35,137926,137928],{"className":37,"code":137927,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,137929,137930,137942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137931,137932,137934,137936,137938,137940],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137933,34039],{"class":50},[44,137935,55],{"class":54},[44,137937,247],{"class":235},[44,137939,59767],{"class":239},[44,137941,2727],{"class":235},[44,137943,137944,137946,137948,137950,137952,137954,137956,137958,137960,137962,137964,137966,137968,137970],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,137945,129439],{"class":50},[44,137947,55],{"class":54},[44,137949,42199],{"class":50},[44,137951,86],{"class":58},[44,137953,34351],{"class":89},[44,137955,103],{"class":58},[44,137957,236],{"class":235},[44,137959,59952],{"class":239},[44,137961,236],{"class":235},[44,137963,66],{"class":58},[44,137965,247],{"class":235},[44,137967,6669],{"class":239},[44,137969,236],{"class":235},[44,137971,108],{"class":58},[20,137973,137974],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[35,137976,137978],{"className":37,"code":137977,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,137979,137980,137992],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137981,137982,137984,137986,137988,137990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137983,34039],{"class":50},[44,137985,55],{"class":54},[44,137987,247],{"class":235},[44,137989,59767],{"class":239},[44,137991,2727],{"class":235},[44,137993,137994,137996,137998,138000,138002,138004,138006,138008,138010,138012,138014,138016,138018,138020],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,137995,34039],{"class":50},[44,137997,55],{"class":54},[44,137999,42199],{"class":50},[44,138001,86],{"class":58},[44,138003,34351],{"class":89},[44,138005,103],{"class":58},[44,138007,236],{"class":235},[44,138009,59952],{"class":239},[44,138011,236],{"class":235},[44,138013,66],{"class":58},[44,138015,247],{"class":235},[44,138017,6669],{"class":239},[44,138019,236],{"class":235},[44,138021,108],{"class":58},[131,138023,784],{"id":783},[20,138025,138026,138027,2255],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138028,123771],{},[145,138030,138031,138034,138038,138041],{},[148,138032,138033],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[148,138035,923,138036,130820],{},[15,138037,123771],{},[148,138039,138040],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[148,138042,36558,138043,138045],{},[15,138044,123771],{}," with regex-based replacements",[347,138047,138049,138050,138052],{"id":138048},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138051,123771],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138054,138055,138056,2255],{},"This does not update ",[15,138057,34060],{},[35,138059,138061],{"className":37,"code":138060,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138062,138063,138075,138101],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138064,138065,138067,138069,138071,138073],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138066,34039],{"class":50},[44,138068,55],{"class":54},[44,138070,247],{"class":235},[44,138072,137086],{"class":239},[44,138074,2727],{"class":235},[44,138076,138077,138079,138081,138083,138085,138087,138089,138091,138093,138095,138097,138099],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,138078,34060],{"class":50},[44,138080,86],{"class":58},[44,138082,34351],{"class":89},[44,138084,103],{"class":58},[44,138086,236],{"class":235},[44,138088,137107],{"class":239},[44,138090,236],{"class":235},[44,138092,66],{"class":58},[44,138094,247],{"class":235},[44,138096,137116],{"class":239},[44,138098,236],{"class":235},[44,138100,108],{"class":58},[44,138102,138103,138105,138107,138109],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,138104,100],{"class":99},[44,138106,103],{"class":58},[44,138108,34060],{"class":89},[44,138110,108],{"class":58},[20,138112,111],{},[35,138114,138115],{"className":37,"code":137334,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,138116,138117],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138118,138119],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138120,137334],{"class":50},[20,138122,10174],{},[35,138124,138126],{"className":37,"code":138125,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138127,138128,138140,138170],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138129,138130,138132,138134,138136,138138],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138131,34039],{"class":50},[44,138133,55],{"class":54},[44,138135,247],{"class":235},[44,138137,137086],{"class":239},[44,138139,2727],{"class":235},[44,138141,138142,138144,138146,138148,138150,138152,138154,138156,138158,138160,138162,138164,138166,138168],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,138143,34039],{"class":50},[44,138145,55],{"class":54},[44,138147,42199],{"class":50},[44,138149,86],{"class":58},[44,138151,34351],{"class":89},[44,138153,103],{"class":58},[44,138155,236],{"class":235},[44,138157,137107],{"class":239},[44,138159,236],{"class":235},[44,138161,66],{"class":58},[44,138163,247],{"class":235},[44,138165,137116],{"class":239},[44,138167,236],{"class":235},[44,138169,108],{"class":58},[44,138171,138172,138174,138176,138178],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,138173,100],{"class":99},[44,138175,103],{"class":58},[44,138177,34060],{"class":89},[44,138179,108],{"class":58},[20,138181,111],{},[35,138183,138184],{"className":37,"code":137135,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,138185,138186],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138187,138188],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138189,137135],{"class":50},[347,138191,138193],{"id":138192},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[35,138195,138197],{"className":37,"code":138196,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138198,138199,138211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138200,138201,138203,138205,138207,138209],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138202,34039],{"class":50},[44,138204,55],{"class":54},[44,138206,247],{"class":235},[44,138208,34219],{"class":239},[44,138210,2727],{"class":235},[44,138212,138213,138215,138217,138219,138221,138223,138225,138227,138229,138231,138233,138235,138237,138239],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,138214,100],{"class":99},[44,138216,103],{"class":58},[44,138218,34060],{"class":89},[44,138220,86],{"class":58},[44,138222,34351],{"class":89},[44,138224,103],{"class":58},[44,138226,236],{"class":235},[44,138228,3214],{"class":239},[44,138230,236],{"class":235},[44,138232,66],{"class":58},[44,138234,247],{"class":235},[44,138236,89297],{"class":239},[44,138238,236],{"class":235},[44,138240,993],{"class":58},[20,138242,111],{},[35,138244,138245],{"className":37,"code":88310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,138246,138247],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138248,138249],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138250,88310],{"class":50},[20,138252,138253,138254,342,138256,138258],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138255,63896],{},[15,138257,89779],{}," are not the same.",[347,138260,138262],{"id":138261},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[35,138264,138266],{"className":37,"code":138265,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138267,138268,138281],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138269,138270,138272,138274,138276,138279],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138271,34039],{"class":50},[44,138273,55],{"class":54},[44,138275,247],{"class":235},[44,138277,138278],{"class":239},"red red red",[44,138280,2727],{"class":235},[44,138282,138283,138285,138287,138289,138291,138293,138295,138297,138299,138301,138303,138305,138307,138309],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,138284,100],{"class":99},[44,138286,103],{"class":58},[44,138288,34060],{"class":89},[44,138290,86],{"class":58},[44,138292,34351],{"class":89},[44,138294,103],{"class":58},[44,138296,236],{"class":235},[44,138298,240],{"class":239},[44,138300,236],{"class":235},[44,138302,66],{"class":58},[44,138304,247],{"class":235},[44,138306,259],{"class":239},[44,138308,236],{"class":235},[44,138310,993],{"class":58},[20,138312,111],{},[35,138314,138316],{"className":37,"code":138315,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138317,138318],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138319,138320],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138321,138315],{"class":50},[20,138323,138324,138325,2255],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138326,40616],{},[35,138328,138330],{"className":37,"code":138329,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138331,138332,138344],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138333,138334,138336,138338,138340,138342],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138335,34039],{"class":50},[44,138337,55],{"class":54},[44,138339,247],{"class":235},[44,138341,138278],{"class":239},[44,138343,2727],{"class":235},[44,138345,138346,138348,138350,138352,138354,138356,138358,138360,138362,138364,138366,138368,138370,138372,138374,138376],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,138347,100],{"class":99},[44,138349,103],{"class":58},[44,138351,34060],{"class":89},[44,138353,86],{"class":58},[44,138355,34351],{"class":89},[44,138357,103],{"class":58},[44,138359,236],{"class":235},[44,138361,240],{"class":239},[44,138363,236],{"class":235},[44,138365,66],{"class":58},[44,138367,247],{"class":235},[44,138369,259],{"class":239},[44,138371,236],{"class":235},[44,138373,66],{"class":58},[44,138375,4867],{"class":62},[44,138377,993],{"class":58},[20,138379,111],{},[35,138381,138383],{"className":37,"code":138382,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"blue red red\n",[15,138384,138385],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138386,138387],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138388,138382],{"class":50},[347,138390,138392,138393,138395],{"id":138391},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138394,123771],{}," for the wrong task",[20,138397,138398],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[145,138400,138401,138408,138415],{},[148,138402,1462,138403,138407],{},[167,138404,138405],{"href":128287},[15,138406,59892],{}," to break a string into a list",[148,138409,1462,138410,138414],{},[167,138411,138412],{"href":136170},[15,138413,41010],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[148,138416,1462,138417,138419],{},[15,138418,123771],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[131,138421,1196],{"id":1195},[347,138423,1212,138425,123927],{"id":138424},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,138426,123771],{},[20,138428,138429],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[347,138431,138433],{"id":138432},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,138435,138436],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[347,138438,138440],{"id":138439},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,138442,138443],{},"Use the third argument:",[35,138445,138447],{"className":37,"code":138446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,138448,138449],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138450,138451,138453,138455,138457,138459,138461,138463,138465,138467,138469],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138452,34060],{"class":50},[44,138454,86],{"class":58},[44,138456,34351],{"class":89},[44,138458,103],{"class":58},[44,138460,137197],{"class":89},[44,138462,66],{"class":58},[44,138464,137202],{"class":89},[44,138466,66],{"class":58},[44,138468,4867],{"class":62},[44,138470,108],{"class":58},[347,138472,4538,138474,138476],{"id":138473},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,138475,123771],{}," remove text?",[20,138478,138479],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[35,138481,138483],{"className":37,"code":138482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,138484,138485],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138486,138487,138489,138491,138493,138495,138497,138499,138501,138503,138505],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138488,34060],{"class":50},[44,138490,86],{"class":58},[44,138492,34351],{"class":89},[44,138494,103],{"class":58},[44,138496,236],{"class":235},[44,138498,1104],{"class":239},[44,138500,236],{"class":235},[44,138502,66],{"class":58},[44,138504,5497],{"class":235},[44,138506,108],{"class":58},[347,138508,14257,138510,123936],{"id":138509},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,138511,123771],{},[20,138513,129129],{},[131,138515,1251],{"id":1250},[145,138517,138518,138522,138528,138534,138540],{},[148,138519,138520],{},[167,138521,124006],{"href":123768},[148,138523,138524],{},[167,138525,125600,138526,1272],{"href":128287},[15,138527,59892],{},[148,138529,138530],{},[167,138531,125600,138532,1272],{"href":136170},[15,138533,41010],{},[148,138535,138536],{},[167,138537,125600,138538,1272],{"href":123327},[15,138539,123330],{},[148,138541,138542],{},[167,138543,124355],{"href":50336},[1294,138545,138546],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":138548},[138549,138550,138552,138555,138556,138560,138564,138565,138567,138575,138585],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":137150,"depth":80,"text":138551},"What replace() does",{"id":4799,"depth":80,"text":4800,"children":138553},[138554],{"id":16744,"depth":96,"text":16745},{"id":5156,"depth":80,"text":5157},{"id":137365,"depth":80,"text":137366,"children":138557},[138558,138559],{"id":137379,"depth":96,"text":137380},{"id":137460,"depth":96,"text":137461},{"id":137548,"depth":80,"text":137549,"children":138561},[138562,138563],{"id":137557,"depth":96,"text":137558},{"id":137633,"depth":96,"text":137634},{"id":123246,"depth":80,"text":123247},{"id":137829,"depth":80,"text":138566},"What replace() returns",{"id":783,"depth":80,"text":784,"children":138568},[138569,138571,138572,138573],{"id":138048,"depth":96,"text":138570},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138192,"depth":96,"text":138193},{"id":138261,"depth":96,"text":138262},{"id":138391,"depth":96,"text":138574},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":138576},[138577,138579,138580,138581,138583],{"id":138424,"depth":96,"text":138578},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138432,"depth":96,"text":138433},{"id":138439,"depth":96,"text":138440},{"id":138473,"depth":96,"text":138582},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":138509,"depth":96,"text":138584},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137035,"description":138586},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":138593,"title":138594,"body":138595,"description":140614,"extension":1331,"meta":140615,"navigation":268,"path":140616,"seo":140617,"stem":140618,"__hash__":140619},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":138596,"toc":140578},[138597,138602,138607,138610,138621,138623,138678,138683,138688,138695,138697,138712,138714,138770,138772,138810,138815,138817,138841,138844,138857,138862,138864,138896,138898,138931,138937,138942,138945,138955,138958,138960,139016,139018,139068,139071,139079,139082,139138,139140,139213,139226,139234,139238,139249,139252,139255,139308,139310,139342,139345,139399,139401,139436,139439,139444,139449,139454,139457,139459,139517,139519,139553,139555,139570,139573,139575,139617,139619,139645,139650,139658,139661,139663,139745,139747,139798,139801,139812,139820,139822,139895,139897,139915,139919,139922,139926,139953,139955,139963,139967,140002,140004,140017,140021,140024,140063,140065,140082,140087,140092,140103,140106,140117,140119,140121,140147,140150,140199,140201,140218,140221,140223,140275,140277,140309,140312,140370,140375,140377,140382,140485,140487,140501,140503,140510,140515,140520,140525,140530,140535,140538,140542,140547,140549,140575],[10,138598,122600,138600,18],{"id":138599},"python-string-split-method",[15,138601,59892],{},[20,138603,122605,138604,138606],{},[15,138605,59892],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,138608,138609],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[145,138611,138612,138615,138618],{},[148,138613,138614],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[148,138616,138617],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[148,138619,138620],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[131,138622,1372],{"id":1371},[35,138624,138626],{"className":37,"code":138625,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,138627,138628,138641,138663,138673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138629,138630,138632,138634,138636,138639],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138631,34039],{"class":50},[44,138633,55],{"class":54},[44,138635,247],{"class":235},[44,138637,138638],{"class":239},"apple,banana,cherry",[44,138640,2727],{"class":235},[44,138642,138643,138645,138647,138649,138651,138653,138655,138657,138659,138661],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,138644,42194],{"class":50},[44,138646,55],{"class":54},[44,138648,42199],{"class":50},[44,138650,86],{"class":58},[44,138652,33820],{"class":89},[44,138654,103],{"class":58},[44,138656,236],{"class":235},[44,138658,66],{"class":239},[44,138660,236],{"class":235},[44,138662,108],{"class":58},[44,138664,138665,138667,138669,138671],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,138666,100],{"class":99},[44,138668,103],{"class":58},[44,138670,42226],{"class":89},[44,138672,108],{"class":58},[44,138674,138675],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,138676,138677],{"class":3035},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,138679,1462,138680,138682],{},[15,138681,59892],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[131,138684,134,138686,137],{"id":138685},"what-split-does",[15,138687,59892],{},[20,138689,138690,131648,138692,86],{},[15,138691,59892],{},[30,138693,138694],{},"string method",[20,138696,48287],{},[145,138698,138699,138702,138707],{},[148,138700,138701],{},"divides a string into parts",[148,138703,118902,138704],{},[30,138705,138706],{},"new list of strings",[148,138708,118908,138709,138711],{},[30,138710,604],{}," change the original string",[20,138713,1578],{},[35,138715,138717],{"className":37,"code":138716,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,138718,138719,138732,138746,138750,138760],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138720,138721,138723,138725,138727,138730],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138722,34039],{"class":50},[44,138724,55],{"class":54},[44,138726,247],{"class":235},[44,138728,138729],{"class":239},"red blue green",[44,138731,2727],{"class":235},[44,138733,138734,138736,138738,138740,138742,138744],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,138735,42194],{"class":50},[44,138737,55],{"class":54},[44,138739,42199],{"class":50},[44,138741,86],{"class":58},[44,138743,33820],{"class":89},[44,138745,93],{"class":58},[44,138747,138748],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,138749,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,138751,138752,138754,138756,138758],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,138753,100],{"class":99},[44,138755,103],{"class":58},[44,138757,34060],{"class":89},[44,138759,108],{"class":58},[44,138761,138762,138764,138766,138768],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,138763,100],{"class":99},[44,138765,103],{"class":58},[44,138767,42226],{"class":89},[44,138769,108],{"class":58},[20,138771,111],{},[35,138773,138775],{"className":37,"code":138774,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,138776,138777,138782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138778,138779],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138780,138781],{"class":50},"red blue green\n",[44,138783,138784,138786,138788,138790,138792,138794,138796,138798,138800,138802,138804,138806,138808],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,138785,3270],{"class":58},[44,138787,1018],{"class":235},[44,138789,240],{"class":239},[44,138791,1018],{"class":235},[44,138793,66],{"class":58},[44,138795,1012],{"class":235},[44,138797,259],{"class":239},[44,138799,1018],{"class":235},[44,138801,66],{"class":58},[44,138803,1012],{"class":235},[44,138805,250],{"class":239},[44,138807,1018],{"class":235},[44,138809,3006],{"class":58},[20,138811,138812,138813,86],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[167,138814,124355],{"href":50336},[131,138816,175],{"id":174},[35,138818,138820],{"className":37,"code":138819,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,138821,138822],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138823,138824,138826,138828,138830,138832,138834,138836,138839],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138825,60535],{"class":50},[44,138827,86],{"class":58},[44,138829,33820],{"class":89},[44,138831,103],{"class":58},[44,138833,133004],{"class":89},[44,138835,66],{"class":58},[44,138837,138838],{"class":89}," maxsplit",[44,138840,108],{"class":58},[20,138842,138843],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[145,138845,138846,138851],{},[148,138847,138848,138850],{},[15,138849,133004],{}," tells Python where to split",[148,138852,138853,138856],{},[15,138854,138855],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,138858,8245,138859,138861],{},[15,138860,133004],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,138863,1578],{},[35,138865,138867],{"className":37,"code":138866,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,138868,138869,138882],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138870,138871,138873,138875,138877,138880],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138872,34039],{"class":50},[44,138874,55],{"class":54},[44,138876,247],{"class":235},[44,138878,138879],{"class":239},"one two three",[44,138881,2727],{"class":235},[44,138883,138884,138886,138888,138890,138892,138894],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,138885,100],{"class":99},[44,138887,103],{"class":58},[44,138889,34060],{"class":89},[44,138891,86],{"class":58},[44,138893,33820],{"class":89},[44,138895,6566],{"class":58},[20,138897,111],{},[35,138899,138901],{"className":37,"code":138900,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,138902,138903],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138904,138905,138907,138909,138911,138913,138915,138917,138919,138921,138923,138925,138927,138929],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138906,3270],{"class":58},[44,138908,1018],{"class":235},[44,138910,5956],{"class":239},[44,138912,1018],{"class":235},[44,138914,66],{"class":58},[44,138916,1012],{"class":235},[44,138918,78632],{"class":239},[44,138920,1018],{"class":235},[44,138922,66],{"class":58},[44,138924,1012],{"class":235},[44,138926,133486],{"class":239},[44,138928,1018],{"class":235},[44,138930,3006],{"class":58},[131,138932,350,138934,138936],{"id":138933},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,138935,59892],{}," with no separator",[20,138938,69536,138939,138941],{},[15,138940,59892],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,138943,138944],{},"Whitespace includes:",[145,138946,138947,138949,138952],{},[148,138948,9820],{},[148,138950,138951],{},"tabs",[148,138953,138954],{},"new lines",[20,138956,138957],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,138959,1578],{},[35,138961,138963],{"className":37,"code":138962,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,138964,138965,138988,139002,139006],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138966,138967,138969,138971,138973,138976,138979,138981,138983,138986],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138968,34039],{"class":50},[44,138970,55],{"class":54},[44,138972,247],{"class":235},[44,138974,138975],{"class":239},"Python   is",[44,138977,138978],{"class":33804},"\\t",[44,138980,132740],{"class":239},[44,138982,86514],{"class":33804},[44,138984,138985],{"class":239},"and useful",[44,138987,2727],{"class":235},[44,138989,138990,138992,138994,138996,138998,139000],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,138991,42194],{"class":50},[44,138993,55],{"class":54},[44,138995,42199],{"class":50},[44,138997,86],{"class":58},[44,138999,33820],{"class":89},[44,139001,93],{"class":58},[44,139003,139004],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,139005,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,139007,139008,139010,139012,139014],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,139009,100],{"class":99},[44,139011,103],{"class":58},[44,139013,42226],{"class":89},[44,139015,108],{"class":58},[20,139017,111],{},[35,139019,139021],{"className":37,"code":139020,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139022,139023],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139024,139025,139027,139029,139031,139033,139035,139037,139039,139041,139043,139045,139047,139049,139051,139053,139055,139057,139059,139061,139064,139066],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139026,3270],{"class":58},[44,139028,1018],{"class":235},[44,139030,6669],{"class":239},[44,139032,1018],{"class":235},[44,139034,66],{"class":58},[44,139036,1012],{"class":235},[44,139038,11552],{"class":239},[44,139040,1018],{"class":235},[44,139042,66],{"class":58},[44,139044,1012],{"class":235},[44,139046,132740],{"class":239},[44,139048,1018],{"class":235},[44,139050,66],{"class":58},[44,139052,1012],{"class":235},[44,139054,129365],{"class":239},[44,139056,1018],{"class":235},[44,139058,66],{"class":58},[44,139060,1012],{"class":235},[44,139062,139063],{"class":239},"useful",[44,139065,1018],{"class":235},[44,139067,3006],{"class":58},[20,139069,139070],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[347,139072,139074,9953,139076],{"id":139073},"split-vs-split",[15,139075,59892],{},[15,139077,139078],{},"split(' ')",[20,139080,139081],{},"These are not the same.",[35,139083,139085],{"className":37,"code":139084,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139086,139087,139100,139104,139118],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139088,139089,139091,139093,139095,139098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139090,34039],{"class":50},[44,139092,55],{"class":54},[44,139094,247],{"class":235},[44,139096,139097],{"class":239},"a  b   c",[44,139099,2727],{"class":235},[44,139101,139102],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,139103,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,139105,139106,139108,139110,139112,139114,139116],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,139107,100],{"class":99},[44,139109,103],{"class":58},[44,139111,34060],{"class":89},[44,139113,86],{"class":58},[44,139115,33820],{"class":89},[44,139117,6566],{"class":58},[44,139119,139120,139122,139124,139126,139128,139130,139132,139134,139136],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,139121,100],{"class":99},[44,139123,103],{"class":58},[44,139125,34060],{"class":89},[44,139127,86],{"class":58},[44,139129,33820],{"class":89},[44,139131,103],{"class":58},[44,139133,236],{"class":235},[44,139135,247],{"class":235},[44,139137,993],{"class":58},[20,139139,111],{},[35,139141,139143],{"className":37,"code":139142,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139144,139145,139173],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139146,139147,139149,139151,139153,139155,139157,139159,139161,139163,139165,139167,139169,139171],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139148,3270],{"class":58},[44,139150,1018],{"class":235},[44,139152,167],{"class":239},[44,139154,1018],{"class":235},[44,139156,66],{"class":58},[44,139158,1012],{"class":235},[44,139160,1164],{"class":239},[44,139162,1018],{"class":235},[44,139164,66],{"class":58},[44,139166,1012],{"class":235},[44,139168,9109],{"class":239},[44,139170,1018],{"class":235},[44,139172,3006],{"class":58},[44,139174,139175,139177,139179,139181,139183,139185,139187,139189,139191,139193,139195,139197,139199,139201,139203,139205,139207,139209,139211],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,139176,3270],{"class":58},[44,139178,1018],{"class":235},[44,139180,167],{"class":239},[44,139182,1018],{"class":235},[44,139184,66],{"class":58},[44,139186,3207],{"class":235},[44,139188,66],{"class":58},[44,139190,1012],{"class":235},[44,139192,1164],{"class":239},[44,139194,1018],{"class":235},[44,139196,66],{"class":58},[44,139198,3207],{"class":235},[44,139200,66],{"class":58},[44,139202,3207],{"class":235},[44,139204,66],{"class":58},[44,139206,1012],{"class":235},[44,139208,9109],{"class":239},[44,139210,1018],{"class":235},[44,139212,3006],{"class":58},[145,139214,139215,139220],{},[148,139216,139217,139219],{},[15,139218,59892],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[148,139221,139222,139225],{},[15,139223,139224],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139227,139228,139229,139233],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[167,139230,125600,139231,1272],{"href":136170},[15,139232,41010],{}," is often useful.",[131,139235,139237],{"id":139236},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139239,139240,139241,1559,139244,1563,139246,86],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139242,139243],{},"\",\"",[15,139245,132839],{},[15,139247,139248],{},"\"::\"",[20,139250,139251],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139253,139254],{},"Example with commas:",[35,139256,139258],{"className":37,"code":139257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139259,139260,139272,139294,139298],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139261,139262,139264,139266,139268,139270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139263,34039],{"class":50},[44,139265,55],{"class":54},[44,139267,247],{"class":235},[44,139269,138638],{"class":239},[44,139271,2727],{"class":235},[44,139273,139274,139276,139278,139280,139282,139284,139286,139288,139290,139292],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,139275,42194],{"class":50},[44,139277,55],{"class":54},[44,139279,42199],{"class":50},[44,139281,86],{"class":58},[44,139283,33820],{"class":89},[44,139285,103],{"class":58},[44,139287,236],{"class":235},[44,139289,66],{"class":239},[44,139291,236],{"class":235},[44,139293,108],{"class":58},[44,139295,139296],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,139297,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,139299,139300,139302,139304,139306],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,139301,100],{"class":99},[44,139303,103],{"class":58},[44,139305,42226],{"class":89},[44,139307,108],{"class":58},[20,139309,111],{},[35,139311,139312],{"className":37,"code":77811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,139313,139314],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139315,139316,139318,139320,139322,139324,139326,139328,139330,139332,139334,139336,139338,139340],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139317,3270],{"class":58},[44,139319,1018],{"class":235},[44,139321,3450],{"class":239},[44,139323,1018],{"class":235},[44,139325,66],{"class":58},[44,139327,1012],{"class":235},[44,139329,3459],{"class":239},[44,139331,1018],{"class":235},[44,139333,66],{"class":58},[44,139335,1012],{"class":235},[44,139337,3468],{"class":239},[44,139339,1018],{"class":235},[44,139341,3006],{"class":58},[20,139343,139344],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[35,139346,139348],{"className":37,"code":139347,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139349,139350,139363,139385,139389],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139351,139352,139354,139356,139358,139361],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139353,34039],{"class":50},[44,139355,55],{"class":54},[44,139357,247],{"class":235},[44,139359,139360],{"class":239},"2024::10::31",[44,139362,2727],{"class":235},[44,139364,139365,139367,139369,139371,139373,139375,139377,139379,139381,139383],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,139366,42194],{"class":50},[44,139368,55],{"class":54},[44,139370,42199],{"class":50},[44,139372,86],{"class":58},[44,139374,33820],{"class":89},[44,139376,103],{"class":58},[44,139378,236],{"class":235},[44,139380,76028],{"class":239},[44,139382,236],{"class":235},[44,139384,108],{"class":58},[44,139386,139387],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,139388,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,139390,139391,139393,139395,139397],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,139392,100],{"class":99},[44,139394,103],{"class":58},[44,139396,42226],{"class":89},[44,139398,108],{"class":58},[20,139400,111],{},[35,139402,139404],{"className":37,"code":139403,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139405,139406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139407,139408,139410,139412,139415,139417,139419,139421,139423,139425,139427,139429,139432,139434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139409,3270],{"class":58},[44,139411,1018],{"class":235},[44,139413,139414],{"class":239},"2024",[44,139416,1018],{"class":235},[44,139418,66],{"class":58},[44,139420,1012],{"class":235},[44,139422,1701],{"class":239},[44,139424,1018],{"class":235},[44,139426,66],{"class":58},[44,139428,1012],{"class":235},[44,139430,139431],{"class":239},"31",[44,139433,1018],{"class":235},[44,139435,3006],{"class":58},[20,139437,139438],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,139440,139441,139442,86],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[167,139443,128284],{"href":128283},[131,139445,350,139447],{"id":139446},"using-maxsplit",[15,139448,138855],{},[20,139450,139451,139453],{},[15,139452,138855],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,139455,139456],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,139458,1578],{},[35,139460,139462],{"className":37,"code":139461,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139463,139464,139477,139503,139507],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139465,139466,139468,139470,139472,139475],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139467,34039],{"class":50},[44,139469,55],{"class":54},[44,139471,247],{"class":235},[44,139473,139474],{"class":239},"name:age:city:country",[44,139476,2727],{"class":235},[44,139478,139479,139481,139483,139485,139487,139489,139491,139493,139495,139497,139499,139501],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,139480,42194],{"class":50},[44,139482,55],{"class":54},[44,139484,42199],{"class":50},[44,139486,86],{"class":58},[44,139488,33820],{"class":89},[44,139490,103],{"class":58},[44,139492,236],{"class":235},[44,139494,2255],{"class":239},[44,139496,236],{"class":235},[44,139498,66],{"class":58},[44,139500,69],{"class":62},[44,139502,108],{"class":58},[44,139504,139505],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,139506,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,139508,139509,139511,139513,139515],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,139510,100],{"class":99},[44,139512,103],{"class":58},[44,139514,42226],{"class":89},[44,139516,108],{"class":58},[20,139518,111],{},[35,139520,139522],{"className":37,"code":139521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,139523,139524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139525,139526,139528,139530,139532,139534,139536,139538,139540,139542,139544,139546,139549,139551],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139527,3270],{"class":58},[44,139529,1018],{"class":235},[44,139531,7041],{"class":239},[44,139533,1018],{"class":235},[44,139535,66],{"class":58},[44,139537,1012],{"class":235},[44,139539,8669],{"class":239},[44,139541,1018],{"class":235},[44,139543,66],{"class":58},[44,139545,1012],{"class":235},[44,139547,139548],{"class":239},"city:country",[44,139550,1018],{"class":235},[44,139552,3006],{"class":58},[20,139554,1548],{},[145,139556,139557,139562,139567],{},[148,139558,139559,139560],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,139561,2255],{},[148,139563,139564,139565],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,139566,2255],{},[148,139568,139569],{},"then stops",[20,139571,139572],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,139574,51441],{},[35,139576,139578],{"className":37,"code":139577,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,139579,139580,139593],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139581,139582,139584,139586,139588,139591],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139583,34039],{"class":50},[44,139585,55],{"class":54},[44,139587,247],{"class":235},[44,139589,139590],{"class":239},"apple banana cherry grape",[44,139592,2727],{"class":235},[44,139594,139595,139597,139599,139601,139603,139605,139607,139609,139611,139613,139615],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,139596,100],{"class":99},[44,139598,103],{"class":58},[44,139600,34060],{"class":89},[44,139602,86],{"class":58},[44,139604,33820],{"class":89},[44,139606,103],{"class":58},[44,139608,236],{"class":235},[44,139610,247],{"class":235},[44,139612,66],{"class":58},[44,139614,4867],{"class":62},[44,139616,993],{"class":58},[20,139618,111],{},[35,139620,139622],{"className":37,"code":139621,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,139623,139624],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139625,139626,139628,139630,139632,139634,139636,139638,139641,139643],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139627,3270],{"class":58},[44,139629,1018],{"class":235},[44,139631,3450],{"class":239},[44,139633,1018],{"class":235},[44,139635,66],{"class":58},[44,139637,1012],{"class":235},[44,139639,139640],{"class":239},"banana cherry grape",[44,139642,1018],{"class":235},[44,139644,3006],{"class":58},[131,139646,134,139648,11065],{"id":139647},"what-split-returns",[15,139649,59892],{},[20,139651,139652,139653,139655,139656,86],{},"The result of ",[15,139654,59892],{}," is always a ",[30,139657,7467],{},[20,139659,139660],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,139662,1578],{},[35,139664,139666],{"className":37,"code":139665,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,139667,139668,139681,139703,139707,139717,139731],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139669,139670,139672,139674,139676,139679],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139671,34039],{"class":50},[44,139673,55],{"class":54},[44,139675,247],{"class":235},[44,139677,139678],{"class":239},"cat,dog,bird",[44,139680,2727],{"class":235},[44,139682,139683,139685,139687,139689,139691,139693,139695,139697,139699,139701],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,139684,42194],{"class":50},[44,139686,55],{"class":54},[44,139688,42199],{"class":50},[44,139690,86],{"class":58},[44,139692,33820],{"class":89},[44,139694,103],{"class":58},[44,139696,236],{"class":235},[44,139698,66],{"class":239},[44,139700,236],{"class":235},[44,139702,108],{"class":58},[44,139704,139705],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,139706,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,139708,139709,139711,139713,139715],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,139710,100],{"class":99},[44,139712,103],{"class":58},[44,139714,42226],{"class":89},[44,139716,108],{"class":58},[44,139718,139719,139721,139723,139725,139727,139729],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,139720,100],{"class":99},[44,139722,103],{"class":58},[44,139724,985],{"class":121},[44,139726,103],{"class":58},[44,139728,42226],{"class":89},[44,139730,993],{"class":58},[44,139732,139733,139735,139737,139739,139741,139743],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,139734,100],{"class":99},[44,139736,103],{"class":58},[44,139738,42226],{"class":89},[44,139740,3270],{"class":58},[44,139742,1490],{"class":62},[44,139744,3258],{"class":58},[20,139746,111],{},[35,139748,139750],{"className":37,"code":139749,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,139751,139752,139780,139794],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139753,139754,139756,139758,139760,139762,139764,139766,139768,139770,139772,139774,139776,139778],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139755,3270],{"class":58},[44,139757,1018],{"class":235},[44,139759,36401],{"class":239},[44,139761,1018],{"class":235},[44,139763,66],{"class":58},[44,139765,1012],{"class":235},[44,139767,57487],{"class":239},[44,139769,1018],{"class":235},[44,139771,66],{"class":58},[44,139773,1012],{"class":235},[44,139775,57504],{"class":239},[44,139777,1018],{"class":235},[44,139779,3006],{"class":58},[44,139781,139782,139784,139786,139788,139790,139792],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,139783,1005],{"class":54},[44,139785,1009],{"class":1008},[44,139787,1012],{"class":235},[44,139789,7467],{"class":239},[44,139791,1018],{"class":235},[44,139793,1021],{"class":54},[44,139795,139796],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,139797,84830],{"class":50},[20,139799,139800],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[145,139802,139803,139806,139809],{},[148,139804,139805],{},"loop over it",[148,139807,139808],{},"access items by index",[148,139810,139811],{},"combine items again later",[20,139813,139814,139815,86],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[167,139816,125600,139818,1272],{"href":139817},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,139819,132682],{},[20,139821,1578],{},[35,139823,139825],{"className":37,"code":139824,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,139826,139827,139859,139881,139885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139828,139829,139831,139833,139835,139837,139839,139841,139843,139845,139847,139849,139851,139853,139855,139857],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139830,42194],{"class":50},[44,139832,55],{"class":54},[44,139834,2993],{"class":58},[44,139836,1018],{"class":235},[44,139838,36401],{"class":239},[44,139840,1018],{"class":235},[44,139842,66],{"class":58},[44,139844,1012],{"class":235},[44,139846,57487],{"class":239},[44,139848,1018],{"class":235},[44,139850,66],{"class":58},[44,139852,1012],{"class":235},[44,139854,57504],{"class":239},[44,139856,1018],{"class":235},[44,139858,3006],{"class":58},[44,139860,139861,139863,139865,139867,139869,139871,139873,139875,139877,139879],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,139862,34039],{"class":50},[44,139864,55],{"class":54},[44,139866,247],{"class":235},[44,139868,1391],{"class":239},[44,139870,236],{"class":235},[44,139872,86],{"class":58},[44,139874,132759],{"class":89},[44,139876,103],{"class":58},[44,139878,42226],{"class":89},[44,139880,108],{"class":58},[44,139882,139883],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,139884,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,139886,139887,139889,139891,139893],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,139888,100],{"class":99},[44,139890,103],{"class":58},[44,139892,34060],{"class":89},[44,139894,108],{"class":58},[20,139896,111],{},[35,139898,139900],{"className":37,"code":139899,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,139901,139902],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139903,139904,139906,139908,139910,139912],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139905,36401],{"class":50},[44,139907,1391],{"class":54},[44,139909,57487],{"class":50},[44,139911,1391],{"class":54},[44,139913,139914],{"class":50},"bird\n",[131,139916,139918],{"id":139917},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,139920,139921],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[347,139923,139925],{"id":139924},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[35,139927,139929],{"className":37,"code":139928,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139930,139931,139939],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139932,139933,139935,139937],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139934,34039],{"class":50},[44,139936,55],{"class":54},[44,139938,7254],{"class":235},[44,139940,139941,139943,139945,139947,139949,139951],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,139942,100],{"class":99},[44,139944,103],{"class":58},[44,139946,34060],{"class":89},[44,139948,86],{"class":58},[44,139950,33820],{"class":89},[44,139952,6566],{"class":58},[20,139954,111],{},[35,139956,139957],{"className":37,"code":37652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,139958,139959],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139960,139961],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139962,37652],{"class":58},[347,139964,139966],{"id":139965},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[35,139968,139970],{"className":37,"code":139969,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,139971,139972,139980],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139973,139974,139976,139978],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139975,34039],{"class":50},[44,139977,55],{"class":54},[44,139979,7254],{"class":235},[44,139981,139982,139984,139986,139988,139990,139992,139994,139996,139998,140000],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,139983,100],{"class":99},[44,139985,103],{"class":58},[44,139987,34060],{"class":89},[44,139989,86],{"class":58},[44,139991,33820],{"class":89},[44,139993,103],{"class":58},[44,139995,236],{"class":235},[44,139997,66],{"class":239},[44,139999,236],{"class":235},[44,140001,993],{"class":58},[20,140003,111],{},[35,140005,140007],{"className":37,"code":140006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['']\n",[15,140008,140009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140010,140011,140013,140015],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140012,3270],{"class":58},[44,140014,3144],{"class":235},[44,140016,3006],{"class":58},[347,140018,140020],{"id":140019},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140022,140023],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[35,140025,140027],{"className":37,"code":140026,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140028,140029,140041],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140030,140031,140033,140035,140037,140039],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140032,34039],{"class":50},[44,140034,55],{"class":54},[44,140036,247],{"class":235},[44,140038,3214],{"class":239},[44,140040,2727],{"class":235},[44,140042,140043,140045,140047,140049,140051,140053,140055,140057,140059,140061],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,140044,100],{"class":99},[44,140046,103],{"class":58},[44,140048,34060],{"class":89},[44,140050,86],{"class":58},[44,140052,33820],{"class":89},[44,140054,103],{"class":58},[44,140056,236],{"class":235},[44,140058,66],{"class":239},[44,140060,236],{"class":235},[44,140062,993],{"class":58},[20,140064,111],{},[35,140066,140068],{"className":37,"code":140067,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['hello']\n",[15,140069,140070],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140071,140072,140074,140076,140078,140080],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140073,3270],{"class":58},[44,140075,1018],{"class":235},[44,140077,3214],{"class":239},[44,140079,1018],{"class":235},[44,140081,3006],{"class":58},[131,140083,4331,140085],{"id":140084},"when-to-use-split",[15,140086,59892],{},[20,140088,1462,140089,140091],{},[15,140090,59892],{}," when you need to:",[145,140093,140094,140097,140100],{},[148,140095,140096],{},"split a sentence into words",[148,140098,140099],{},"split comma-separated values",[148,140101,140102],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140104,140105],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[145,140107,140108,140111,140114],{},[148,140109,140110],{},"cleaning text",[148,140112,140113],{},"parsing user input",[148,140115,140116],{},"processing simple file content",[131,140118,2200],{"id":2199},[20,140120,83601],{},[145,140122,140123,140127,140133,140136,140144],{},[148,140124,49866,140125,130820],{},[15,140126,59892],{},[148,140128,140129,140130,140132],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140131,59892],{}," returns a list, not a string",[148,140134,140135],{},"using the wrong separator",[148,140137,140138,140139,140141,140142],{},"assuming ",[15,140140,139078],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140143,59892],{},[148,140145,140146],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140148,140149],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[35,140151,140153],{"className":37,"code":140152,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140154,140155,140167,140185,140189],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140156,140157,140159,140161,140163,140165],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140158,34039],{"class":50},[44,140160,55],{"class":54},[44,140162,247],{"class":235},[44,140164,42187],{"class":239},[44,140166,2727],{"class":235},[44,140168,140169,140171,140173,140175,140177,140179,140181,140183],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,140170,34060],{"class":50},[44,140172,86],{"class":58},[44,140174,33820],{"class":89},[44,140176,103],{"class":58},[44,140178,236],{"class":235},[44,140180,66],{"class":239},[44,140182,236],{"class":235},[44,140184,108],{"class":58},[44,140186,140187],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,140188,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,140190,140191,140193,140195,140197],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,140192,100],{"class":99},[44,140194,103],{"class":58},[44,140196,34060],{"class":89},[44,140198,108],{"class":58},[20,140200,111],{},[35,140202,140204],{"className":37,"code":140203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a,b,c\n",[15,140205,140206],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140207,140208,140210,140212,140214,140216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140209,167],{"class":50},[44,140211,66],{"class":58},[44,140213,1164],{"class":50},[44,140215,66],{"class":58},[44,140217,68608],{"class":50},[20,140219,140220],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140222,10174],{},[35,140224,140225],{"className":37,"code":42174,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,140226,140227,140239,140261,140265],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140228,140229,140231,140233,140235,140237],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140230,34039],{"class":50},[44,140232,55],{"class":54},[44,140234,247],{"class":235},[44,140236,42187],{"class":239},[44,140238,2727],{"class":235},[44,140240,140241,140243,140245,140247,140249,140251,140253,140255,140257,140259],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,140242,42194],{"class":50},[44,140244,55],{"class":54},[44,140246,42199],{"class":50},[44,140248,86],{"class":58},[44,140250,33820],{"class":89},[44,140252,103],{"class":58},[44,140254,236],{"class":235},[44,140256,66],{"class":239},[44,140258,236],{"class":235},[44,140260,108],{"class":58},[44,140262,140263],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,140264,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,140266,140267,140269,140271,140273],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,140268,100],{"class":99},[44,140270,103],{"class":58},[44,140272,42226],{"class":89},[44,140274,108],{"class":58},[20,140276,111],{},[35,140278,140279],{"className":37,"code":42233,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,140280,140281],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140282,140283,140285,140287,140289,140291,140293,140295,140297,140299,140301,140303,140305,140307],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140284,3270],{"class":58},[44,140286,1018],{"class":235},[44,140288,167],{"class":239},[44,140290,1018],{"class":235},[44,140292,66],{"class":58},[44,140294,1012],{"class":235},[44,140296,1164],{"class":239},[44,140298,1018],{"class":235},[44,140300,66],{"class":58},[44,140302,1012],{"class":235},[44,140304,9109],{"class":239},[44,140306,1018],{"class":235},[44,140308,3006],{"class":58},[20,140310,140311],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[35,140313,140315],{"className":37,"code":140314,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140316,140317,140330,140352,140356],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140318,140319,140321,140323,140325,140328],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140320,34039],{"class":50},[44,140322,55],{"class":54},[44,140324,247],{"class":235},[44,140326,140327],{"class":239},"apple,banana",[44,140329,2727],{"class":235},[44,140331,140332,140334,140336,140338,140340,140342,140344,140346,140348,140350],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,140333,42194],{"class":50},[44,140335,55],{"class":54},[44,140337,42199],{"class":50},[44,140339,86],{"class":58},[44,140341,33820],{"class":89},[44,140343,103],{"class":58},[44,140345,236],{"class":235},[44,140347,66],{"class":239},[44,140349,236],{"class":235},[44,140351,108],{"class":58},[44,140353,140354],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,140355,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,140357,140358,140360,140362,140364,140366,140368],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,140359,100],{"class":99},[44,140361,103],{"class":58},[44,140363,42226],{"class":89},[44,140365,3270],{"class":58},[44,140367,1426],{"class":62},[44,140369,3258],{"class":58},[20,140371,140372,140373,86],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[167,140374,68621],{"href":68620},[347,140376,60071],{"id":60070},[20,140378,8245,140379,140381],{},[15,140380,59892],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[35,140383,140385],{"className":37,"code":140384,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140386,140387,140397,140411,140433,140459],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140388,140389,140391,140393,140395],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140390,100],{"class":99},[44,140392,103],{"class":58},[44,140394,34060],{"class":89},[44,140396,108],{"class":58},[44,140398,140399,140401,140403,140405,140407,140409],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,140400,100],{"class":99},[44,140402,103],{"class":58},[44,140404,34060],{"class":89},[44,140406,86],{"class":58},[44,140408,33820],{"class":89},[44,140410,6566],{"class":58},[44,140412,140413,140415,140417,140419,140421,140423,140425,140427,140429,140431],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,140414,100],{"class":99},[44,140416,103],{"class":58},[44,140418,34060],{"class":89},[44,140420,86],{"class":58},[44,140422,33820],{"class":89},[44,140424,103],{"class":58},[44,140426,1018],{"class":235},[44,140428,66],{"class":239},[44,140430,1018],{"class":235},[44,140432,993],{"class":58},[44,140434,140435,140437,140439,140441,140443,140445,140447,140449,140451,140453,140455,140457],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,140436,100],{"class":99},[44,140438,103],{"class":58},[44,140440,10529],{"class":99},[44,140442,103],{"class":58},[44,140444,34060],{"class":89},[44,140446,86],{"class":58},[44,140448,33820],{"class":89},[44,140450,103],{"class":58},[44,140452,1018],{"class":235},[44,140454,66],{"class":239},[44,140456,1018],{"class":235},[44,140458,2283],{"class":58},[44,140460,140461,140463,140465,140467,140469,140471,140473,140475,140477,140479,140481,140483],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,140462,100],{"class":99},[44,140464,103],{"class":58},[44,140466,985],{"class":121},[44,140468,103],{"class":58},[44,140470,34060],{"class":89},[44,140472,86],{"class":58},[44,140474,33820],{"class":89},[44,140476,103],{"class":58},[44,140478,1018],{"class":235},[44,140480,66],{"class":239},[44,140482,1018],{"class":235},[44,140484,2283],{"class":58},[20,140486,10538],{},[145,140488,140489,140492,140495,140498],{},[148,140490,140491],{},"what the original string looks like",[148,140493,140494],{},"which separator works",[148,140496,140497],{},"how many items were created",[148,140499,140500],{},"that the result is a list",[131,140502,1196],{"id":1195},[347,140504,1234,140506,342,140508,1239],{"id":140505},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,140507,59892],{},[15,140509,139078],{},[20,140511,140512,140514],{},[15,140513,59892],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,140516,140517,140519],{},[15,140518,139078],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[347,140521,1212,140523,123927],{"id":140522},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,140524,59892],{},[20,140526,140527,140528,55838],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,140529,59892],{},[347,140531,1200,140533,39316],{"id":140532},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,140534,138855],{},[20,140536,140537],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[347,140539,140541],{"id":140540},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,140543,1187,140544,140546],{},[15,140545,59892],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[131,140548,1251],{"id":1250},[145,140550,140551,140555,140561,140567,140571],{},[148,140552,140553],{},[167,140554,129205],{"href":128283},[148,140556,140557],{},[167,140558,125600,140559,1272],{"href":139817},[15,140560,132682],{},[148,140562,140563],{},[167,140564,125600,140565,1272],{"href":136170},[15,140566,41010],{},[148,140568,140569],{},[167,140570,124355],{"href":50336},[148,140572,140573],{},[167,140574,68621],{"href":68620},[1294,140576,140577],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":140579},[140580,140581,140583,140584,140589,140590,140592,140594,140599,140601,140604,140613],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":138685,"depth":80,"text":140582},"What split() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":138933,"depth":80,"text":140585,"children":140586},"Using split() with no separator",[140587],{"id":139073,"depth":96,"text":140588},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139236,"depth":80,"text":139237},{"id":139446,"depth":80,"text":140591},"Using maxsplit",{"id":139647,"depth":80,"text":140593},"What split() returns",{"id":139917,"depth":80,"text":139918,"children":140595},[140596,140597,140598],{"id":139924,"depth":96,"text":139925},{"id":139965,"depth":96,"text":139966},{"id":140019,"depth":96,"text":140020},{"id":140084,"depth":80,"text":140600},"When to use split()",{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200,"children":140602},[140603],{"id":60070,"depth":96,"text":60071},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":140605},[140606,140608,140610,140612],{"id":140505,"depth":96,"text":140607},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":140522,"depth":96,"text":140609},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":140532,"depth":96,"text":140611},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":140540,"depth":96,"text":140541},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":138594,"description":140614},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":140621,"title":140622,"body":140623,"description":142566,"extension":1331,"meta":142567,"navigation":268,"path":142568,"seo":142569,"stem":142570,"__hash__":142571},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":140624,"toc":142525},[140625,140630,140635,140642,140715,140720,140725,140730,140746,140748,140818,140820,140822,140842,140844,140889,140894,140896,140994,140999,141003,141008,141012,141015,141057,141061,141064,141109,141113,141116,141166,141170,141175,141227,141229,141234,141245,141250,141330,141332,141344,141353,141360,141375,141377,141492,141498,141502,141505,141510,141652,141655,141662,141664,141668,141676,141745,141751,141800,141805,141810,141812,141832,141834,141900,141902,141906,141909,141913,141954,141956,141989,141994,141997,142024,142026,142069,142076,142081,142091,142157,142161,142169,142174,142225,142229,142232,142234,142243,142245,142295,142297,142404,142406,142411,142418,142424,142427,142458,142463,142465,142472,142480,142489,142492,142494,142522],[10,140626,122600,140628,18],{"id":140627},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,140629,126968],{},[20,140631,122605,140632,140634],{},[15,140633,126968],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,140636,125666,140637,945,140639,140641],{},[15,140638,2974],{},[15,140640,3046],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[35,140643,140645],{"className":37,"code":140644,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,140646,140647,140660,140664,140689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140648,140649,140651,140653,140655,140658],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140650,34039],{"class":50},[44,140652,55],{"class":54},[44,140654,247],{"class":235},[44,140656,140657],{"class":239},"Python Beginner Help",[44,140659,2727],{"class":235},[44,140661,140662],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,140663,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,140665,140666,140668,140670,140672,140674,140677,140679,140681,140683,140685,140687],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,140667,100],{"class":99},[44,140669,103],{"class":58},[44,140671,34060],{"class":89},[44,140673,86],{"class":58},[44,140675,140676],{"class":89},"startswith",[44,140678,103],{"class":58},[44,140680,236],{"class":235},[44,140682,6669],{"class":239},[44,140684,236],{"class":235},[44,140686,4730],{"class":58},[44,140688,43213],{"class":3035},[44,140690,140691,140693,140695,140697,140699,140701,140703,140705,140708,140710,140712],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,140692,100],{"class":99},[44,140694,103],{"class":58},[44,140696,34060],{"class":89},[44,140698,86],{"class":58},[44,140700,140676],{"class":89},[44,140702,103],{"class":58},[44,140704,236],{"class":235},[44,140706,140707],{"class":239},"Beginner",[44,140709,236],{"class":235},[44,140711,4730],{"class":58},[44,140713,140714],{"class":3035}," # False\n",[20,140716,1462,140717,140719],{},[15,140718,126968],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[131,140721,134,140723,137],{"id":140722},"what-startswith-does",[15,140724,126968],{},[20,140726,140727,140729],{},[15,140728,126968],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[145,140731,140732,140735,140741,140743],{},[148,140733,140734],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[148,140736,608,140737,945,140739],{},[15,140738,2974],{},[15,140740,3046],{},[148,140742,122743],{},[148,140744,140745],{},"It works only on strings",[20,140747,1578],{},[35,140749,140751],{"className":37,"code":140750,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,140752,140753,140765,140769,140794],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140754,140755,140757,140759,140761,140763],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140756,7249],{"class":50},[44,140758,55],{"class":54},[44,140760,247],{"class":235},[44,140762,6669],{"class":239},[44,140764,2727],{"class":235},[44,140766,140767],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,140768,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,140770,140771,140773,140775,140777,140779,140781,140783,140785,140788,140790,140792],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,140772,100],{"class":99},[44,140774,103],{"class":58},[44,140776,7041],{"class":89},[44,140778,86],{"class":58},[44,140780,140676],{"class":89},[44,140782,103],{"class":58},[44,140784,236],{"class":235},[44,140786,140787],{"class":239},"Py",[44,140789,236],{"class":235},[44,140791,4730],{"class":58},[44,140793,43213],{"class":3035},[44,140795,140796,140798,140800,140802,140804,140806,140808,140810,140812,140814,140816],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,140797,100],{"class":99},[44,140799,103],{"class":58},[44,140801,7041],{"class":89},[44,140803,86],{"class":58},[44,140805,140676],{"class":89},[44,140807,103],{"class":58},[44,140809,236],{"class":235},[44,140811,128046],{"class":239},[44,140813,236],{"class":235},[44,140815,4730],{"class":58},[44,140817,43230],{"class":3035},[131,140819,175],{"id":174},[20,140821,41742],{},[35,140823,140825],{"className":37,"code":140824,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,140826,140827],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140828,140829,140831,140833,140835,140837,140840],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140830,60535],{"class":50},[44,140832,86],{"class":58},[44,140834,140676],{"class":89},[44,140836,103],{"class":58},[44,140838,140839],{"class":89},"prefix",[44,140841,108],{"class":58},[20,140843,30113],{},[35,140845,140847],{"className":37,"code":140846,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,140848,140849,140867],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140850,140851,140853,140855,140857,140859,140861,140863,140865],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140852,60535],{"class":50},[44,140854,86],{"class":58},[44,140856,140676],{"class":89},[44,140858,103],{"class":58},[44,140860,140839],{"class":89},[44,140862,66],{"class":58},[44,140864,35405],{"class":89},[44,140866,108],{"class":58},[44,140868,140869,140871,140873,140875,140877,140879,140881,140883,140885,140887],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,140870,60535],{"class":50},[44,140872,86],{"class":58},[44,140874,140676],{"class":89},[44,140876,103],{"class":58},[44,140878,140839],{"class":89},[44,140880,66],{"class":58},[44,140882,35405],{"class":89},[44,140884,66],{"class":58},[44,140886,64402],{"class":89},[44,140888,108],{"class":58},[20,140890,565,140891,140893],{},[15,140892,140839],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,140895,1578],{},[35,140897,140899],{"className":37,"code":140898,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,140900,140901,140913,140917,140942,140966],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140902,140903,140905,140907,140909,140911],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140904,34039],{"class":50},[44,140906,55],{"class":54},[44,140908,247],{"class":235},[44,140910,59767],{"class":239},[44,140912,2727],{"class":235},[44,140914,140915],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,140916,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,140918,140919,140921,140923,140925,140927,140929,140931,140933,140935,140937,140939],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,140920,100],{"class":99},[44,140922,103],{"class":58},[44,140924,34060],{"class":89},[44,140926,86],{"class":58},[44,140928,140676],{"class":89},[44,140930,103],{"class":58},[44,140932,236],{"class":235},[44,140934,3214],{"class":239},[44,140936,236],{"class":235},[44,140938,4730],{"class":58},[44,140940,140941],{"class":3035},"      # True\n",[44,140943,140944,140946,140948,140950,140952,140954,140956,140958,140960,140962,140964],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,140945,100],{"class":99},[44,140947,103],{"class":58},[44,140949,34060],{"class":89},[44,140951,86],{"class":58},[44,140953,140676],{"class":89},[44,140955,103],{"class":58},[44,140957,236],{"class":235},[44,140959,59952],{"class":239},[44,140961,236],{"class":235},[44,140963,4730],{"class":58},[44,140965,20548],{"class":3035},[44,140967,140968,140970,140972,140974,140976,140978,140980,140982,140984,140986,140988,140990,140992],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,140969,100],{"class":99},[44,140971,103],{"class":58},[44,140973,34060],{"class":89},[44,140975,86],{"class":58},[44,140977,140676],{"class":89},[44,140979,103],{"class":58},[44,140981,236],{"class":235},[44,140983,59952],{"class":239},[44,140985,236],{"class":235},[44,140987,66],{"class":58},[44,140989,36998],{"class":62},[44,140991,4730],{"class":58},[44,140993,43213],{"class":3035},[20,140995,140996,140997,86],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[167,140998,124355],{"href":50336},[131,141000,141002],{"id":141001},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141004,141005,141007],{},[15,141006,126968],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[347,141009,141010],{"id":140839},[15,141011,140839],{},[20,141013,141014],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[35,141016,141018],{"className":37,"code":141017,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141019,141020,141032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141021,141022,141024,141026,141028,141030],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141023,34039],{"class":50},[44,141025,55],{"class":54},[44,141027,247],{"class":235},[44,141029,3459],{"class":239},[44,141031,2727],{"class":235},[44,141033,141034,141036,141038,141040,141042,141044,141046,141048,141051,141053,141055],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,141035,100],{"class":99},[44,141037,103],{"class":58},[44,141039,34060],{"class":89},[44,141041,86],{"class":58},[44,141043,140676],{"class":89},[44,141045,103],{"class":58},[44,141047,236],{"class":235},[44,141049,141050],{"class":239},"ban",[44,141052,236],{"class":235},[44,141054,4730],{"class":58},[44,141056,3036],{"class":3035},[347,141058,141059],{"id":35426},[15,141060,35426],{},[20,141062,141063],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[35,141065,141067],{"className":37,"code":141066,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141068,141069,141081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141070,141071,141073,141075,141077,141079],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141072,34039],{"class":50},[44,141074,55],{"class":54},[44,141076,247],{"class":235},[44,141078,59767],{"class":239},[44,141080,2727],{"class":235},[44,141082,141083,141085,141087,141089,141091,141093,141095,141097,141099,141101,141103,141105,141107],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,141084,100],{"class":99},[44,141086,103],{"class":58},[44,141088,34060],{"class":89},[44,141090,86],{"class":58},[44,141092,140676],{"class":89},[44,141094,103],{"class":58},[44,141096,236],{"class":235},[44,141098,59952],{"class":239},[44,141100,236],{"class":235},[44,141102,66],{"class":58},[44,141104,36998],{"class":62},[44,141106,4730],{"class":58},[44,141108,3036],{"class":3035},[347,141110,141111],{"id":52022},[15,141112,52022],{},[20,141114,141115],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[35,141117,141119],{"className":37,"code":141118,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141120,141121,141133],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141122,141123,141125,141127,141129,141131],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141124,34039],{"class":50},[44,141126,55],{"class":54},[44,141128,247],{"class":235},[44,141130,59767],{"class":239},[44,141132,2727],{"class":235},[44,141134,141135,141137,141139,141141,141143,141145,141147,141149,141152,141154,141156,141158,141160,141162,141164],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,141136,100],{"class":99},[44,141138,103],{"class":58},[44,141140,34060],{"class":89},[44,141142,86],{"class":58},[44,141144,140676],{"class":89},[44,141146,103],{"class":58},[44,141148,236],{"class":235},[44,141150,141151],{"class":239},"wor",[44,141153,236],{"class":235},[44,141155,66],{"class":58},[44,141157,36998],{"class":62},[44,141159,66],{"class":58},[44,141161,53498],{"class":62},[44,141163,4730],{"class":58},[44,141165,3036],{"class":3035},[347,141167,141169],{"id":141168},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141171,141172,141174],{},[15,141173,140839],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[35,141176,141178],{"className":37,"code":141177,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141179,141180,141193],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141181,141182,141184,141186,141188,141191],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141183,125683],{"class":50},[44,141185,55],{"class":54},[44,141187,247],{"class":235},[44,141189,141190],{"class":239},"img_001.png",[44,141192,2727],{"class":235},[44,141194,141195,141197,141199,141201,141203,141205,141207,141209,141212,141214,141216,141218,141221,141223,141225],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,141196,100],{"class":99},[44,141198,103],{"class":58},[44,141200,125701],{"class":89},[44,141202,86],{"class":58},[44,141204,140676],{"class":89},[44,141206,4880],{"class":58},[44,141208,236],{"class":235},[44,141210,141211],{"class":239},"img_",[44,141213,236],{"class":235},[44,141215,66],{"class":58},[44,141217,247],{"class":235},[44,141219,141220],{"class":239},"photo_",[44,141222,236],{"class":235},[44,141224,50452],{"class":58},[44,141226,3036],{"class":3035},[131,141228,596],{"id":595},[20,141230,141231,141233],{},[15,141232,126968],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[145,141235,141236,141241],{},[148,141237,141238,141240],{},[15,141239,2974],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[148,141242,141243,126285],{},[15,141244,3046],{},[20,141246,141247,141248,6544],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141249,6369],{},[35,141251,141253],{"className":37,"code":141252,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141254,141255,141269,141273,141294,141309,141315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141256,141257,141260,141262,141264,141267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141258,141259],{"class":50},"command ",[44,141261,55],{"class":54},[44,141263,247],{"class":235},[44,141265,141266],{"class":239},"\u002Fhelp",[44,141268,2727],{"class":235},[44,141270,141271],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,141272,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,141274,141275,141277,141280,141282,141284,141286,141288,141290,141292],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,141276,6369],{"class":3245},[44,141278,141279],{"class":50}," command",[44,141281,86],{"class":58},[44,141283,140676],{"class":89},[44,141285,103],{"class":58},[44,141287,236],{"class":235},[44,141289,126492],{"class":239},[44,141291,236],{"class":235},[44,141293,7716],{"class":58},[44,141295,141296,141298,141300,141302,141305,141307],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,141297,7442],{"class":99},[44,141299,103],{"class":58},[44,141301,236],{"class":235},[44,141303,141304],{"class":239},"This looks like a command.",[44,141306,236],{"class":235},[44,141308,108],{"class":58},[44,141310,141311,141313],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,141312,26782],{"class":3245},[44,141314,5764],{"class":58},[44,141316,141317,141319,141321,141323,141326,141328],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,141318,7442],{"class":99},[44,141320,103],{"class":58},[44,141322,236],{"class":235},[44,141324,141325],{"class":239},"This is normal text.",[44,141327,236],{"class":235},[44,141329,108],{"class":58},[20,141331,111],{},[35,141333,141335],{"className":37,"code":141334,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141336,141337],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141338,141339,141342],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141340,141341],{"class":50},"This looks like a command",[44,141343,121632],{"class":58},[131,141345,350,141347,8078,141349,342,141351],{"id":141346},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141348,126968],{},[15,141350,35426],{},[15,141352,52022],{},[20,141354,140,141355,342,141357,141359],{},[15,141356,35426],{},[15,141358,52022],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[145,141361,141362,141367,141372],{},[148,141363,141364,141366],{},[15,141365,35426],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[148,141368,141369,141371],{},[15,141370,52022],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[148,141373,141374],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141376,1578],{},[35,141378,141380],{"className":37,"code":141379,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141381,141382,141394,141398,141427,141460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141383,141384,141386,141388,141390,141392],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141385,34039],{"class":50},[44,141387,55],{"class":54},[44,141389,247],{"class":235},[44,141391,138879],{"class":239},[44,141393,2727],{"class":235},[44,141395,141396],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,141397,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,141399,141400,141402,141404,141406,141408,141410,141412,141414,141416,141418,141420,141422,141424],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,141401,100],{"class":99},[44,141403,103],{"class":58},[44,141405,34060],{"class":89},[44,141407,86],{"class":58},[44,141409,140676],{"class":89},[44,141411,103],{"class":58},[44,141413,236],{"class":235},[44,141415,78632],{"class":239},[44,141417,236],{"class":235},[44,141419,66],{"class":58},[44,141421,1827],{"class":62},[44,141423,4730],{"class":58},[44,141425,141426],{"class":3035},"        # True\n",[44,141428,141429,141431,141433,141435,141437,141439,141441,141443,141445,141447,141449,141451,141453,141456,141458],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,141430,100],{"class":99},[44,141432,103],{"class":58},[44,141434,34060],{"class":89},[44,141436,86],{"class":58},[44,141438,140676],{"class":89},[44,141440,103],{"class":58},[44,141442,236],{"class":235},[44,141444,133486],{"class":239},[44,141446,236],{"class":235},[44,141448,66],{"class":58},[44,141450,5730],{"class":62},[44,141452,66],{"class":58},[44,141454,141455],{"class":62}," 13",[44,141457,4730],{"class":58},[44,141459,3036],{"class":3035},[44,141461,141462,141464,141466,141468,141470,141472,141474,141476,141478,141480,141482,141484,141486,141488,141490],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,141463,100],{"class":99},[44,141465,103],{"class":58},[44,141467,34060],{"class":89},[44,141469,86],{"class":58},[44,141471,140676],{"class":89},[44,141473,103],{"class":58},[44,141475,236],{"class":235},[44,141477,133486],{"class":239},[44,141479,236],{"class":235},[44,141481,66],{"class":58},[44,141483,5730],{"class":62},[44,141485,66],{"class":58},[44,141487,30292],{"class":62},[44,141489,4730],{"class":58},[44,141491,4141],{"class":3035},[20,141493,141494,141495,141497],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,141496,52022],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[131,141499,141501],{"id":141500},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,141503,141504],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,141506,141507,141508,48708],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,141509,40193],{},[35,141511,141513],{"className":37,"code":141512,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,141514,141515,141529,141543,141557,141561,141585,141589,141610,141631],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141516,141517,141520,141522,141524,141527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141518,141519],{"class":50},"filename1 ",[44,141521,55],{"class":54},[44,141523,247],{"class":235},[44,141525,141526],{"class":239},"img_101.jpg",[44,141528,2727],{"class":235},[44,141530,141531,141534,141536,141538,141541],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,141532,141533],{"class":50},"filename2 ",[44,141535,55],{"class":54},[44,141537,247],{"class":235},[44,141539,141540],{"class":239},"photo_202.jpg",[44,141542,2727],{"class":235},[44,141544,141545,141548,141550,141552,141555],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,141546,141547],{"class":50},"filename3 ",[44,141549,55],{"class":54},[44,141551,247],{"class":235},[44,141553,141554],{"class":239},"doc_303.jpg",[44,141556,2727],{"class":235},[44,141558,141559],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,141560,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,141562,141563,141565,141567,141569,141571,141573,141575,141577,141579,141581,141583],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,141564,126895],{"class":50},[44,141566,55],{"class":54},[44,141568,8607],{"class":58},[44,141570,236],{"class":235},[44,141572,141211],{"class":239},[44,141574,236],{"class":235},[44,141576,66],{"class":58},[44,141578,247],{"class":235},[44,141580,141220],{"class":239},[44,141582,236],{"class":235},[44,141584,108],{"class":58},[44,141586,141587],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,141588,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,141590,141591,141593,141595,141598,141600,141602,141604,141606,141608],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,141592,100],{"class":99},[44,141594,103],{"class":58},[44,141596,141597],{"class":89},"filename1",[44,141599,86],{"class":58},[44,141601,140676],{"class":89},[44,141603,103],{"class":58},[44,141605,126947],{"class":89},[44,141607,4730],{"class":58},[44,141609,3036],{"class":3035},[44,141611,141612,141614,141616,141619,141621,141623,141625,141627,141629],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,141613,100],{"class":99},[44,141615,103],{"class":58},[44,141617,141618],{"class":89},"filename2",[44,141620,86],{"class":58},[44,141622,140676],{"class":89},[44,141624,103],{"class":58},[44,141626,126947],{"class":89},[44,141628,4730],{"class":58},[44,141630,3036],{"class":3035},[44,141632,141633,141635,141637,141640,141642,141644,141646,141648,141650],{"class":46,"line":5802},[44,141634,100],{"class":99},[44,141636,103],{"class":58},[44,141638,141639],{"class":89},"filename3",[44,141641,86],{"class":58},[44,141643,140676],{"class":89},[44,141645,103],{"class":58},[44,141647,126947],{"class":89},[44,141649,4730],{"class":58},[44,141651,4141],{"class":3035},[20,141653,141654],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,141656,74133,141657,141661],{},[167,141658,125600,141659,1272],{"href":129194},[15,141660,125658],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[131,141663,123247],{"id":123246},[20,141665,141666,123058],{},[15,141667,126968],{},[20,141669,126645,141670,342,141673,126652],{},[15,141671,141672],{},"\"Python\"",[15,141674,141675],{},"\"python\"",[35,141677,141679],{"className":37,"code":141678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,141680,141681,141693,141697,141721],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141682,141683,141685,141687,141689,141691],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141684,34039],{"class":50},[44,141686,55],{"class":54},[44,141688,247],{"class":235},[44,141690,6669],{"class":239},[44,141692,2727],{"class":235},[44,141694,141695],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,141696,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,141698,141699,141701,141703,141705,141707,141709,141711,141713,141715,141717,141719],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,141700,100],{"class":99},[44,141702,103],{"class":58},[44,141704,34060],{"class":89},[44,141706,86],{"class":58},[44,141708,140676],{"class":89},[44,141710,103],{"class":58},[44,141712,236],{"class":235},[44,141714,140787],{"class":239},[44,141716,236],{"class":235},[44,141718,4730],{"class":58},[44,141720,3036],{"class":3035},[44,141722,141723,141725,141727,141729,141731,141733,141735,141737,141739,141741,141743],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,141724,100],{"class":99},[44,141726,103],{"class":58},[44,141728,34060],{"class":89},[44,141730,86],{"class":58},[44,141732,140676],{"class":89},[44,141734,103],{"class":58},[44,141736,236],{"class":235},[44,141738,128046],{"class":239},[44,141740,236],{"class":235},[44,141742,4730],{"class":58},[44,141744,4141],{"class":3035},[20,141746,126737,141747,86],{},[167,141748,141749],{"href":123327},[15,141750,123330],{},[35,141752,141754],{"className":37,"code":141753,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,141755,141756,141768,141772],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141757,141758,141760,141762,141764,141766],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141759,34039],{"class":50},[44,141761,55],{"class":54},[44,141763,247],{"class":235},[44,141765,6669],{"class":239},[44,141767,2727],{"class":235},[44,141769,141770],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,141771,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,141773,141774,141776,141778,141780,141782,141784,141786,141788,141790,141792,141794,141796,141798],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,141775,100],{"class":99},[44,141777,103],{"class":58},[44,141779,34060],{"class":89},[44,141781,86],{"class":58},[44,141783,8014],{"class":89},[44,141785,8011],{"class":58},[44,141787,140676],{"class":89},[44,141789,103],{"class":58},[44,141791,236],{"class":235},[44,141793,128046],{"class":239},[44,141795,236],{"class":235},[44,141797,4730],{"class":58},[44,141799,3036],{"class":3035},[131,141801,4331,141803],{"id":141802},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,141804,126968],{},[20,141806,141807,141809],{},[15,141808,126968],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,141811,8743],{},[145,141813,141814,141817,141820,141829],{},[148,141815,141816],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[148,141818,141819],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[148,141821,141822,141823,945,141826],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,141824,141825],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,141827,141828],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[148,141830,141831],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,141833,1578],{},[35,141835,141837],{"className":37,"code":141836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,141838,141839,141852,141856,141885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141840,141841,141843,141845,141847,141850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141842,126463],{"class":50},[44,141844,55],{"class":54},[44,141846,247],{"class":235},[44,141848,141849],{"class":239},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[44,141851,2727],{"class":235},[44,141853,141854],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,141855,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,141857,141858,141860,141863,141865,141867,141869,141871,141873,141875,141877,141879,141881,141883],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,141859,6369],{"class":3245},[44,141861,141862],{"class":50}," url",[44,141864,86],{"class":58},[44,141866,140676],{"class":89},[44,141868,4880],{"class":58},[44,141870,236],{"class":235},[44,141872,141825],{"class":239},[44,141874,236],{"class":235},[44,141876,66],{"class":58},[44,141878,247],{"class":235},[44,141880,141828],{"class":239},[44,141882,236],{"class":235},[44,141884,68925],{"class":58},[44,141886,141887,141889,141891,141893,141896,141898],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,141888,7442],{"class":99},[44,141890,103],{"class":58},[44,141892,236],{"class":235},[44,141894,141895],{"class":239},"This looks like a web URL.",[44,141897,236],{"class":235},[44,141899,108],{"class":58},[131,141901,2200],{"id":2199},[20,141903,22442,141904,86],{},[15,141905,126968],{},[347,141907,138040],{"id":141908},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,141910,141911,123058],{},[15,141912,126968],{},[35,141914,141916],{"className":37,"code":141915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,141917,141918,141930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141919,141920,141922,141924,141926,141928],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141921,34039],{"class":50},[44,141923,55],{"class":54},[44,141925,247],{"class":235},[44,141927,6669],{"class":239},[44,141929,2727],{"class":235},[44,141931,141932,141934,141936,141938,141940,141942,141944,141946,141948,141950,141952],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,141933,100],{"class":99},[44,141935,103],{"class":58},[44,141937,34060],{"class":89},[44,141939,86],{"class":58},[44,141941,140676],{"class":89},[44,141943,103],{"class":58},[44,141945,236],{"class":235},[44,141947,39],{"class":239},[44,141949,236],{"class":235},[44,141951,4730],{"class":58},[44,141953,4141],{"class":3035},[20,141955,38617],{},[35,141957,141959],{"className":37,"code":141958,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,141960,141961],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141962,141963,141965,141967,141969,141971,141973,141975,141977,141979,141981,141983,141985,141987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141964,100],{"class":99},[44,141966,103],{"class":58},[44,141968,34060],{"class":89},[44,141970,86],{"class":58},[44,141972,8014],{"class":89},[44,141974,8011],{"class":58},[44,141976,140676],{"class":89},[44,141978,103],{"class":58},[44,141980,236],{"class":235},[44,141982,39],{"class":239},[44,141984,236],{"class":235},[44,141986,4730],{"class":58},[44,141988,3036],{"class":3035},[347,141990,28998,141992,136522],{"id":141991},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,141993,126968],{},[20,141995,141996],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[35,141998,142000],{"className":37,"code":141999,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142001,142002,142010,142014,142019],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142003,142004,142006,142008],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142005,1817],{"class":50},[44,142007,55],{"class":54},[44,142009,124282],{"class":62},[44,142011,142012],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,142013,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,142015,142016],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,142017,142018],{"class":3035},"# This will cause an error:\n",[44,142020,142021],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,142022,142023],{"class":3035},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142025,38617],{},[35,142027,142029],{"className":37,"code":142028,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142030,142031,142045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142032,142033,142035,142037,142039,142041,142043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142034,1817],{"class":50},[44,142036,55],{"class":54},[44,142038,48264],{"class":121},[44,142040,103],{"class":58},[44,142042,49606],{"class":62},[44,142044,108],{"class":58},[44,142046,142047,142049,142051,142053,142055,142057,142059,142061,142063,142065,142067],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,142048,100],{"class":99},[44,142050,103],{"class":58},[44,142052,1843],{"class":89},[44,142054,86],{"class":58},[44,142056,140676],{"class":89},[44,142058,103],{"class":58},[44,142060,236],{"class":235},[44,142062,63],{"class":239},[44,142064,236],{"class":235},[44,142066,4730],{"class":58},[44,142068,3036],{"class":3035},[347,142070,36558,142072,8078,142074],{"id":142071},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142073,126968],{},[15,142075,3252],{},[20,142077,142078,142080],{},[15,142079,126968],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142082,142083,142084,142086,142087,86],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142085,3252],{}," or methods like ",[167,142088,142089],{"href":123610},[15,142090,123595],{},[35,142092,142094],{"className":37,"code":142093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142095,142096,142108,142112,142136],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142097,142098,142100,142102,142104,142106],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142099,34039],{"class":50},[44,142101,55],{"class":54},[44,142103,247],{"class":235},[44,142105,59767],{"class":239},[44,142107,2727],{"class":235},[44,142109,142110],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,142111,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,142113,142114,142116,142118,142120,142122,142124,142126,142128,142130,142132,142134],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,142115,100],{"class":99},[44,142117,103],{"class":58},[44,142119,34060],{"class":89},[44,142121,86],{"class":58},[44,142123,140676],{"class":89},[44,142125,103],{"class":58},[44,142127,236],{"class":235},[44,142129,59952],{"class":239},[44,142131,236],{"class":235},[44,142133,4730],{"class":58},[44,142135,4141],{"class":3035},[44,142137,142138,142140,142142,142144,142146,142148,142150,142152,142154],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,142139,100],{"class":99},[44,142141,103],{"class":58},[44,142143,236],{"class":235},[44,142145,59952],{"class":239},[44,142147,236],{"class":235},[44,142149,20521],{"class":3245},[44,142151,42199],{"class":89},[44,142153,3032],{"class":58},[44,142155,142156],{"class":3035},"           # True\n",[20,142158,135074,142159,86],{},[167,142160,126636],{"href":122855},[347,142162,4074,142164,342,142166,142168],{"id":142163},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142165,35426],{},[15,142167,52022],{}," use index positions",[20,142170,142171,142172,86],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142173,1490],{},[35,142175,142177],{"className":37,"code":142176,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142178,142179,142192,142196],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142180,142181,142183,142185,142187,142190],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142182,34039],{"class":50},[44,142184,55],{"class":54},[44,142186,247],{"class":235},[44,142188,142189],{"class":239},"abcdef",[44,142191,2727],{"class":235},[44,142193,142194],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,142195,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,142197,142198,142200,142202,142204,142206,142208,142210,142212,142215,142217,142219,142221,142223],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,142199,100],{"class":99},[44,142201,103],{"class":58},[44,142203,34060],{"class":89},[44,142205,86],{"class":58},[44,142207,140676],{"class":89},[44,142209,103],{"class":58},[44,142211,236],{"class":235},[44,142213,142214],{"class":239},"cd",[44,142216,236],{"class":235},[44,142218,66],{"class":58},[44,142220,69],{"class":62},[44,142222,4730],{"class":58},[44,142224,3036],{"class":3035},[347,142226,142228],{"id":142227},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142230,142231],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142233,798],{},[35,142235,142237],{"className":37,"code":142236,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142238,142239],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142240,142241],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142242,142236],{"class":3035},[20,142244,862],{},[35,142246,142248],{"className":37,"code":142247,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142249,142250,142262],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142251,142252,142254,142256,142258,142260],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142253,34039],{"class":50},[44,142255,55],{"class":54},[44,142257,247],{"class":235},[44,142259,6669],{"class":239},[44,142261,2727],{"class":235},[44,142263,142264,142266,142268,142270,142272,142274,142276,142278,142280,142282,142284,142286,142289,142291,142293],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,142265,100],{"class":99},[44,142267,103],{"class":58},[44,142269,34060],{"class":89},[44,142271,86],{"class":58},[44,142273,140676],{"class":89},[44,142275,4880],{"class":58},[44,142277,236],{"class":235},[44,142279,140787],{"class":239},[44,142281,236],{"class":235},[44,142283,66],{"class":58},[44,142285,247],{"class":235},[44,142287,142288],{"class":239},"Ja",[44,142290,236],{"class":235},[44,142292,50452],{"class":58},[44,142294,3036],{"class":3035},[20,142296,31432],{},[35,142298,142300],{"className":37,"code":142299,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142301,142302,142312,142326,142348,142374],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142303,142304,142306,142308,142310],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142305,100],{"class":99},[44,142307,103],{"class":58},[44,142309,34060],{"class":89},[44,142311,108],{"class":58},[44,142313,142314,142316,142318,142320,142322,142324],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,142315,100],{"class":99},[44,142317,103],{"class":58},[44,142319,985],{"class":121},[44,142321,103],{"class":58},[44,142323,34060],{"class":89},[44,142325,993],{"class":58},[44,142327,142328,142330,142332,142334,142336,142338,142340,142342,142344,142346],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,142329,100],{"class":99},[44,142331,103],{"class":58},[44,142333,34060],{"class":89},[44,142335,86],{"class":58},[44,142337,140676],{"class":89},[44,142339,103],{"class":58},[44,142341,236],{"class":235},[44,142343,140787],{"class":239},[44,142345,236],{"class":235},[44,142347,993],{"class":58},[44,142349,142350,142352,142354,142356,142358,142360,142362,142364,142366,142368,142370,142372],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,142351,100],{"class":99},[44,142353,103],{"class":58},[44,142355,34060],{"class":89},[44,142357,86],{"class":58},[44,142359,8014],{"class":89},[44,142361,8011],{"class":58},[44,142363,140676],{"class":89},[44,142365,103],{"class":58},[44,142367,236],{"class":235},[44,142369,128046],{"class":239},[44,142371,236],{"class":235},[44,142373,993],{"class":58},[44,142375,142376,142378,142380,142382,142384,142386,142388,142390,142392,142394,142396,142398,142400,142402],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,142377,100],{"class":99},[44,142379,103],{"class":58},[44,142381,34060],{"class":89},[44,142383,86],{"class":58},[44,142385,140676],{"class":89},[44,142387,4880],{"class":58},[44,142389,236],{"class":235},[44,142391,140787],{"class":239},[44,142393,236],{"class":235},[44,142395,66],{"class":58},[44,142397,247],{"class":235},[44,142399,142288],{"class":239},[44,142401,236],{"class":235},[44,142403,2283],{"class":58},[131,142405,1196],{"id":1195},[347,142407,1212,142409,127446],{"id":142408},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142410,126968],{},[20,142412,142413,142414,945,142416,86],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142415,2974],{},[15,142417,3046],{},[347,142419,4538,142421,142423],{"id":142420},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142422,126968],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,142425,142426],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[35,142428,142430],{"className":37,"code":142429,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,142431,142432],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142433,142434,142436,142438,142440,142442,142444,142446,142448,142450,142452,142454,142456],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142435,34060],{"class":50},[44,142437,86],{"class":58},[44,142439,140676],{"class":89},[44,142441,4880],{"class":58},[44,142443,236],{"class":235},[44,142445,167],{"class":239},[44,142447,236],{"class":235},[44,142449,66],{"class":58},[44,142451,247],{"class":235},[44,142453,1164],{"class":239},[44,142455,236],{"class":235},[44,142457,993],{"class":58},[347,142459,14257,142461,123936],{"id":142460},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,142462,126968],{},[20,142464,129129],{},[347,142466,1234,142468,342,142470,1239],{"id":142467},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,142469,126968],{},[15,142471,3252],{},[20,142473,142474,142476,142477,142479],{},[15,142475,126968],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,142478,3252],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[347,142481,27677,142483,342,142485,8078,142487,1239],{"id":142482},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,142484,35426],{},[15,142486,52022],{},[15,142488,126968],{},[20,142490,142491],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[131,142493,1251],{"id":1250},[145,142495,142496,142502,142508,142514,142518],{},[148,142497,142498],{},[167,142499,125600,142500,1272],{"href":129194},[15,142501,125658],{},[148,142503,142504],{},[167,142505,125600,142506,1272],{"href":123610},[15,142507,123595],{},[148,142509,142510],{},[167,142511,125600,142512,1272],{"href":123327},[15,142513,123330],{},[148,142515,142516],{},[167,142517,123999],{"href":122855},[148,142519,142520],{},[167,142521,124355],{"href":50336},[1294,142523,142524],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":142526},[142527,142529,142530,142536,142537,142539,142540,142541,142543,142553,142565],{"id":140722,"depth":80,"text":142528},"What startswith() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":141001,"depth":80,"text":141002,"children":142531},[142532,142533,142534,142535],{"id":140839,"depth":96,"text":140839},{"id":35426,"depth":96,"text":35426},{"id":52022,"depth":96,"text":52022},{"id":141168,"depth":96,"text":141169},{"id":595,"depth":80,"text":596},{"id":141346,"depth":80,"text":142538},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141500,"depth":80,"text":141501},{"id":123246,"depth":80,"text":123247},{"id":141802,"depth":80,"text":142542},"When to use startswith()",{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200,"children":142544},[142545,142546,142548,142550,142552],{"id":141908,"depth":96,"text":138040},{"id":141991,"depth":96,"text":142547},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142071,"depth":96,"text":142549},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142163,"depth":96,"text":142551},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142227,"depth":96,"text":142228},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":142554},[142555,142557,142559,142561,142563],{"id":142408,"depth":96,"text":142556},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142420,"depth":96,"text":142558},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142460,"depth":96,"text":142560},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142467,"depth":96,"text":142562},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142482,"depth":96,"text":142564},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":140622,"description":142566},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":142573,"title":142574,"body":142575,"description":144029,"extension":1331,"meta":144030,"navigation":268,"path":144031,"seo":144032,"stem":144033,"__hash__":144034},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":142576,"toc":143999},[142577,142582,142587,142590,142592,142636,142638,142646,142651,142656,142661,142663,142681,142683,142729,142731,142745,142754,142758,142760,142762,142774,142779,142782,142814,142816,142825,142830,142833,142874,142876,142884,142886,142899,142905,142909,142912,142928,142930,142979,142981,142990,142993,143052,143054,143063,143070,143073,143126,143128,143152,143159,143165,143169,143175,143178,143189,143191,143231,143233,143241,143243,143283,143285,143294,143296,143314,143317,143324,143335,143338,143355,143357,143434,143436,143467,143470,143472,143475,143501,143503,143543,143545,143554,143564,143572,143580,143585,143590,143592,143606,143608,143659,143661,143670,143680,143682,143684,143706,143709,143788,143790,143826,143829,143904,143909,143911,143917,143922,143927,143930,143936,143939,143946,143954,143958,143966,143968,143996],[10,142578,122600,142580,18],{"id":142579},"python-string-strip-method",[15,142581,41010],{},[20,142583,31667,142584,142586],{},[15,142585,41010],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,142588,142589],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[131,142591,2979],{"id":2978},[35,142593,142595],{"className":37,"code":142594,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,142596,142597,142610,142625],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142598,142599,142601,142603,142605,142608],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142600,34039],{"class":50},[44,142602,55],{"class":54},[44,142604,247],{"class":235},[44,142606,142607],{"class":239},"  hello  ",[44,142609,2727],{"class":235},[44,142611,142612,142615,142617,142619,142621,142623],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,142613,142614],{"class":50},"clean_text ",[44,142616,55],{"class":54},[44,142618,42199],{"class":50},[44,142620,86],{"class":58},[44,142622,8008],{"class":89},[44,142624,93],{"class":58},[44,142626,142627,142629,142631,142634],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,142628,100],{"class":99},[44,142630,103],{"class":58},[44,142632,142633],{"class":89},"clean_text",[44,142635,108],{"class":58},[20,142637,111],{},[35,142639,142640],{"className":37,"code":137915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,142641,142642],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142643,142644],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142645,137915],{"class":50},[20,142647,1462,142648,142650],{},[15,142649,41010],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[131,142652,134,142654,137],{"id":142653},"what-strip-does",[15,142655,41010],{},[20,142657,142658,142660],{},[15,142659,41010],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,142662,197],{},[145,142664,142665,142669,142672,142675,142678],{},[148,142666,142667,130950],{},[15,142668,41010],{},[148,142670,142671],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[148,142673,142674],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[148,142676,142677],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[148,142679,142680],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,142682,1578],{},[35,142684,142686],{"className":37,"code":142685,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,142687,142688,142701,142705,142719],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142689,142690,142692,142694,142696,142699],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142691,34039],{"class":50},[44,142693,55],{"class":54},[44,142695,247],{"class":235},[44,142697,142698],{"class":239},"  hello world  ",[44,142700,2727],{"class":235},[44,142702,142703],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,142704,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,142706,142707,142709,142711,142713,142715,142717],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,142708,100],{"class":99},[44,142710,103],{"class":58},[44,142712,34060],{"class":89},[44,142714,86],{"class":58},[44,142716,8008],{"class":89},[44,142718,6566],{"class":58},[44,142720,142721,142723,142725,142727],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,142722,100],{"class":99},[44,142724,103],{"class":58},[44,142726,34060],{"class":89},[44,142728,108],{"class":58},[20,142730,111],{},[35,142732,142734],{"className":37,"code":142733,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,142735,142736,142740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142737,142738],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142739,133616],{"class":50},[44,142741,142742],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,142743,142744],{"class":50},"  hello world\n",[20,142746,142747,142748,142750,142751,142753],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,142749,41010],{},", but the original ",[15,142752,34060],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,142755,124352,142756,86],{},[167,142757,124355],{"href":50336},[131,142759,175],{"id":174},[20,142761,25835],{},[145,142763,142764,142769],{},[148,142765,142766],{},[15,142767,142768],{},"string.strip()",[148,142770,142771],{},[15,142772,142773],{},"string.strip(chars)",[347,142775,142777],{"id":142776},"stringstrip",[15,142778,142768],{},[20,142780,142781],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[35,142783,142785],{"className":37,"code":142784,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,142786,142787,142800],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142788,142789,142791,142793,142795,142798],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142790,7249],{"class":50},[44,142792,55],{"class":54},[44,142794,247],{"class":235},[44,142796,142797],{"class":239},"  Alice  ",[44,142799,2727],{"class":235},[44,142801,142802,142804,142806,142808,142810,142812],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,142803,100],{"class":99},[44,142805,103],{"class":58},[44,142807,7041],{"class":89},[44,142809,86],{"class":58},[44,142811,8008],{"class":89},[44,142813,6566],{"class":58},[20,142815,111],{},[35,142817,142819],{"className":37,"code":142818,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Alice\n",[15,142820,142821],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142822,142823],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142824,142818],{"class":50},[347,142826,142828],{"id":142827},"stringstripchars",[15,142829,142773],{},[20,142831,142832],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[35,142834,142836],{"className":37,"code":142835,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,142837,142838,142851],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142839,142840,142842,142844,142846,142849],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142841,34039],{"class":50},[44,142843,55],{"class":54},[44,142845,247],{"class":235},[44,142847,142848],{"class":239},"!!hello??",[44,142850,2727],{"class":235},[44,142852,142853,142855,142857,142859,142861,142863,142865,142867,142870,142872],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,142854,100],{"class":99},[44,142856,103],{"class":58},[44,142858,34060],{"class":89},[44,142860,86],{"class":58},[44,142862,8008],{"class":89},[44,142864,103],{"class":58},[44,142866,236],{"class":235},[44,142868,142869],{"class":239},"!?",[44,142871,236],{"class":235},[44,142873,993],{"class":58},[20,142875,111],{},[35,142877,142878],{"className":37,"code":137915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,142879,142880],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142881,142882],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142883,137915],{"class":50},[20,142885,83182],{},[145,142887,142888,142893],{},[148,142889,142890,142892],{},[15,142891,133859],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[148,142894,142895,142896,142898],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,142897,133859],{}," does not matter",[131,142900,142902,142903],{"id":142901},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,142904,41010],{},[20,142906,30234,142907,86],{},[15,142908,41010],{},[20,142910,142911],{},"It is useful for:",[145,142913,142914,142919,142922,142925],{},[148,142915,142916,142917,3255],{},"Cleaning ",[15,142918,2329],{},[148,142920,142921],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[148,142923,142924],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[148,142926,142927],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,142929,47721],{},[35,142931,142933],{"className":37,"code":142932,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,142934,142935,142948,142964,142968],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142936,142937,142939,142941,142943,142946],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142938,7334],{"class":50},[44,142940,55],{"class":54},[44,142942,247],{"class":235},[44,142944,142945],{"class":239},"  sam  ",[44,142947,2727],{"class":235},[44,142949,142950,142953,142955,142958,142960,142962],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,142951,142952],{"class":50},"clean_username ",[44,142954,55],{"class":54},[44,142956,142957],{"class":50}," username",[44,142959,86],{"class":58},[44,142961,8008],{"class":89},[44,142963,93],{"class":58},[44,142965,142966],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,142967,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,142969,142970,142972,142974,142977],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,142971,100],{"class":99},[44,142973,103],{"class":58},[44,142975,142976],{"class":89},"clean_username",[44,142978,108],{"class":58},[20,142980,111],{},[35,142982,142984],{"className":37,"code":142983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sam\n",[15,142985,142986],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142987,142988],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142989,142983],{"class":50},[20,142991,142992],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[35,142994,142996],{"className":37,"code":142995,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,142997,142998,143011,143015,143037],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142999,143000,143002,143004,143006,143009],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143001,135843],{"class":50},[44,143003,55],{"class":54},[44,143005,247],{"class":235},[44,143007,143008],{"class":239}," yes  ",[44,143010,2727],{"class":235},[44,143012,143013],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,143014,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,143016,143017,143019,143021,143023,143025,143027,143029,143031,143033,143035],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,143018,6369],{"class":3245},[44,143020,135863],{"class":50},[44,143022,86],{"class":58},[44,143024,8008],{"class":89},[44,143026,6738],{"class":58},[44,143028,5779],{"class":54},[44,143030,247],{"class":235},[44,143032,8031],{"class":239},[44,143034,236],{"class":235},[44,143036,5764],{"class":58},[44,143038,143039,143041,143043,143045,143048,143050],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,143040,7442],{"class":99},[44,143042,103],{"class":58},[44,143044,236],{"class":235},[44,143046,143047],{"class":239},"Matched",[44,143049,236],{"class":235},[44,143051,108],{"class":58},[20,143053,111],{},[35,143055,143057],{"className":37,"code":143056,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Matched\n",[15,143058,143059],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143060,143061],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143062,143056],{"class":50},[20,143064,143065,143066,86],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[167,143067,143069],{"href":143068},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143071,143072],{},"Example with file-style text:",[35,143074,143076],{"className":37,"code":143075,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143077,143078,143094,143108],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143079,143080,143083,143085,143087,143090,143092],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143081,143082],{"class":50},"line ",[44,143084,55],{"class":54},[44,143086,247],{"class":235},[44,143088,143089],{"class":239},"Python basics",[44,143091,86514],{"class":33804},[44,143093,2727],{"class":235},[44,143095,143096,143098,143100,143102,143104,143106],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,143097,100],{"class":99},[44,143099,103],{"class":58},[44,143101,41136],{"class":99},[44,143103,103],{"class":58},[44,143105,46],{"class":89},[44,143107,993],{"class":58},[44,143109,143110,143112,143114,143116,143118,143120,143122,143124],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,143111,100],{"class":99},[44,143113,103],{"class":58},[44,143115,41136],{"class":99},[44,143117,103],{"class":58},[44,143119,46],{"class":89},[44,143121,86],{"class":58},[44,143123,8008],{"class":89},[44,143125,5660],{"class":58},[20,143127,111],{},[35,143129,143131],{"className":37,"code":143130,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143132,143133,143144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143134,143135,143137,143139,143142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143136,1018],{"class":42686},[44,143138,143089],{"class":42690},[44,143140,86514],{"class":143141},"sfi6f",[44,143143,29048],{"class":42686},[44,143145,143146,143148,143150],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,143147,1018],{"class":42686},[44,143149,143089],{"class":42690},[44,143151,29048],{"class":42686},[20,143153,350,143154,143156,143157,86],{},[15,143155,121814],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143158,86514],{},[20,143160,143161,143162,86],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[167,143163,143164],{"href":87167},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[131,143166,143168],{"id":143167},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143170,143171,143172,86],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143173,143174],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143176,143177],{},"Python will:",[145,143179,143180,143183,143186],{},[148,143181,143182],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[148,143184,143185],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[148,143187,143188],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143190,1578],{},[35,143192,143194],{"className":37,"code":143193,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143195,143196,143209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143197,143198,143200,143202,143204,143207],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143199,34039],{"class":50},[44,143201,55],{"class":54},[44,143203,247],{"class":235},[44,143205,143206],{"class":239},"??hello!!",[44,143208,2727],{"class":235},[44,143210,143211,143213,143215,143217,143219,143221,143223,143225,143227,143229],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,143212,100],{"class":99},[44,143214,103],{"class":58},[44,143216,34060],{"class":89},[44,143218,86],{"class":58},[44,143220,8008],{"class":89},[44,143222,103],{"class":58},[44,143224,236],{"class":235},[44,143226,142869],{"class":239},[44,143228,236],{"class":235},[44,143230,993],{"class":58},[20,143232,111],{},[35,143234,143235],{"className":37,"code":137915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143236,143237],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143238,143239],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143240,137915],{"class":50},[20,143242,51441],{},[35,143244,143246],{"className":37,"code":143245,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143247,143248,143261],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143249,143250,143252,143254,143256,143259],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143251,34039],{"class":50},[44,143253,55],{"class":54},[44,143255,247],{"class":235},[44,143257,143258],{"class":239},"abcHelloCba",[44,143260,2727],{"class":235},[44,143262,143263,143265,143267,143269,143271,143273,143275,143277,143279,143281],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,143264,100],{"class":99},[44,143266,103],{"class":58},[44,143268,34060],{"class":89},[44,143270,86],{"class":58},[44,143272,8008],{"class":89},[44,143274,103],{"class":58},[44,143276,236],{"class":235},[44,143278,40917],{"class":239},[44,143280,236],{"class":235},[44,143282,993],{"class":58},[20,143284,111],{},[35,143286,143288],{"className":37,"code":143287,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HelloC\n",[15,143289,143290],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143291,143292],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143293,143287],{"class":50},[20,143295,5606],{},[20,143297,143298,601,143301,143303,143304,143306,143307,1559,143309,1563,143311,143313],{},[15,143299,143300],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[30,143302,604],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143305,40917],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143308,167],{},[15,143310,1164],{},[15,143312,9109],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143315,143316],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143318,143319,143320,6002],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[167,143321,143322],{"href":129181},[15,143323,123771],{},[131,143325,143327,9953,143329,9953,143332],{"id":143326},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143328,41010],{},[15,143330,143331],{},"lstrip()",[15,143333,143334],{},"rstrip()",[20,143336,143337],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[145,143339,143340,143345,143350],{},[148,143341,143342,143344],{},[15,143343,41010],{}," removes from both ends",[148,143346,143347,143349],{},[15,143348,143331],{}," removes from the left side only",[148,143351,143352,143354],{},[15,143353,143334],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143356,1578],{},[35,143358,143360],{"className":37,"code":143359,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143361,143362,143374,143378,143396,143415],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143363,143364,143366,143368,143370,143372],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143365,34039],{"class":50},[44,143367,55],{"class":54},[44,143369,247],{"class":235},[44,143371,142607],{"class":239},[44,143373,2727],{"class":235},[44,143375,143376],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,143377,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,143379,143380,143382,143384,143386,143388,143390,143392,143394],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,143381,100],{"class":99},[44,143383,103],{"class":58},[44,143385,41136],{"class":99},[44,143387,103],{"class":58},[44,143389,34060],{"class":89},[44,143391,86],{"class":58},[44,143393,8008],{"class":89},[44,143395,5660],{"class":58},[44,143397,143398,143400,143402,143404,143406,143408,143410,143413],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,143399,100],{"class":99},[44,143401,103],{"class":58},[44,143403,41136],{"class":99},[44,143405,103],{"class":58},[44,143407,34060],{"class":89},[44,143409,86],{"class":58},[44,143411,143412],{"class":89},"lstrip",[44,143414,5660],{"class":58},[44,143416,143417,143419,143421,143423,143425,143427,143429,143432],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,143418,100],{"class":99},[44,143420,103],{"class":58},[44,143422,41136],{"class":99},[44,143424,103],{"class":58},[44,143426,34060],{"class":89},[44,143428,86],{"class":58},[44,143430,143431],{"class":89},"rstrip",[44,143433,5660],{"class":58},[20,143435,111],{},[35,143437,143439],{"className":37,"code":143438,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,143440,143441,143449,143458],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143442,143443,143445,143447],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143444,1018],{"class":42686},[44,143446,3214],{"class":42690},[44,143448,29048],{"class":42686},[44,143450,143451,143453,143456],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,143452,1018],{"class":42686},[44,143454,143455],{"class":42690},"hello  ",[44,143457,29048],{"class":42686},[44,143459,143460,143462,143465],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,143461,1018],{"class":42686},[44,143463,143464],{"class":42690},"  hello",[44,143466,29048],{"class":42686},[20,143468,143469],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[131,143471,107608],{"id":107607},[20,143473,143474],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[145,143476,143477,143485,143495,143498],{},[148,143478,143479,143481,143482,143484],{},[15,143480,143300],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,143483,40886],{}," once",[148,143486,143487,143488,1559,143490,1563,143492,143494],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,143489,167],{},[15,143491,1164],{},[15,143493,9109],{}," from both ends",[148,143496,143497],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[148,143499,143500],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,143502,1578],{},[35,143504,143506],{"className":37,"code":143505,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,143507,143508,143521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143509,143510,143512,143514,143516,143519],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143511,125683],{"class":50},[44,143513,55],{"class":54},[44,143515,247],{"class":235},[44,143517,143518],{"class":239},"txt_report.txt",[44,143520,2727],{"class":235},[44,143522,143523,143525,143527,143529,143531,143533,143535,143537,143539,143541],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,143524,100],{"class":99},[44,143526,103],{"class":58},[44,143528,125701],{"class":89},[44,143530,86],{"class":58},[44,143532,8008],{"class":89},[44,143534,103],{"class":58},[44,143536,236],{"class":235},[44,143538,125736],{"class":239},[44,143540,236],{"class":235},[44,143542,993],{"class":58},[20,143544,111],{},[35,143546,143548],{"className":37,"code":143547,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"_report\n",[15,143549,143550],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143551,143552],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143553,143547],{"class":50},[20,143555,143556,143557,1559,143559,1563,143561,143563],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,143558,86],{},[15,143560,62648],{},[15,143562,1104],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,143565,53015,143566,4153,143569,143571],{},[15,143567,143568],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[30,143570,604],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,143573,143574,143575,143579],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[167,143576,143577],{"href":129181},[15,143578,123771],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[131,143581,4331,143583],{"id":143582},"when-to-use-strip",[15,143584,41010],{},[20,143586,1462,143587,143589],{},[15,143588,41010],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,143591,35779],{},[145,143593,143594,143598,143600,143603],{},[148,143595,142916,143596,3255],{},[15,143597,2329],{},[148,143599,142921],{},[148,143601,143602],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[148,143604,143605],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,143607,1578],{},[35,143609,143611],{"className":37,"code":143610,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,143612,143613,143627,143631,143644],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143614,143615,143618,143620,143622,143625],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143616,143617],{"class":50},"email ",[44,143619,55],{"class":54},[44,143621,247],{"class":235},[44,143623,143624],{"class":239},"  user@example.com  ",[44,143626,2727],{"class":235},[44,143628,143629],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,143630,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,143632,143633,143635,143638,143640,143642],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,143634,6369],{"class":3245},[44,143636,143637],{"class":50}," email",[44,143639,86],{"class":58},[44,143641,8008],{"class":89},[44,143643,20943],{"class":58},[44,143645,143646,143648,143650,143652,143655,143657],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,143647,7442],{"class":99},[44,143649,103],{"class":58},[44,143651,236],{"class":235},[44,143653,143654],{"class":239},"Email was entered",[44,143656,236],{"class":235},[44,143658,108],{"class":58},[20,143660,111],{},[35,143662,143664],{"className":37,"code":143663,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Email was entered\n",[15,143665,143666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143667,143668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143669,143663],{"class":50},[20,143671,143672,143673,143675,143676,86],{},"You may also combine ",[15,143674,41010],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[167,143677,143678],{"href":123327},[15,143679,123330],{},[131,143681,2200],{"id":2199},[20,143683,83601],{},[145,143685,143686,143690,143695,143700],{},[148,143687,923,143688,130820],{},[15,143689,41010],{},[148,143691,923,143692,143694],{},[15,143693,41010],{}," to remove text from the middle",[148,143696,350,143697,143699],{},[15,143698,143568],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[148,143701,4074,143702,143705],{},[15,143703,143704],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,143707,143708],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[35,143710,143712],{"className":37,"code":143711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,143713,143714,143728,143732,143742,143756,143770],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143715,143716,143718,143720,143722,143724,143726],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143717,34039],{"class":50},[44,143719,55],{"class":54},[44,143721,247],{"class":235},[44,143723,143464],{"class":239},[44,143725,86514],{"class":33804},[44,143727,2727],{"class":235},[44,143729,143730],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,143731,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,143733,143734,143736,143738,143740],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,143735,100],{"class":99},[44,143737,103],{"class":58},[44,143739,34060],{"class":89},[44,143741,108],{"class":58},[44,143743,143744,143746,143748,143750,143752,143754],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,143745,100],{"class":99},[44,143747,103],{"class":58},[44,143749,41136],{"class":99},[44,143751,103],{"class":58},[44,143753,34060],{"class":89},[44,143755,993],{"class":58},[44,143757,143758,143760,143762,143764,143766,143768],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,143759,100],{"class":99},[44,143761,103],{"class":58},[44,143763,34060],{"class":89},[44,143765,86],{"class":58},[44,143767,8008],{"class":89},[44,143769,6566],{"class":58},[44,143771,143772,143774,143776,143778,143780,143782,143784,143786],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,143773,100],{"class":99},[44,143775,103],{"class":58},[44,143777,41136],{"class":99},[44,143779,103],{"class":58},[44,143781,34060],{"class":89},[44,143783,86],{"class":58},[44,143785,8008],{"class":89},[44,143787,5660],{"class":58},[20,143789,111],{},[35,143791,143793],{"className":37,"code":143792,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,143794,143795,143800,143804,143814,143818],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143796,143797],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143798,143799],{"class":50},"  hello\n",[44,143801,143802],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,143803,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,143805,143806,143808,143810,143812],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,143807,1018],{"class":42686},[44,143809,143464],{"class":42690},[44,143811,86514],{"class":143141},[44,143813,29048],{"class":42686},[44,143815,143816],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,143817,137915],{"class":50},[44,143819,143820,143822,143824],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,143821,1018],{"class":42686},[44,143823,3214],{"class":42690},[44,143825,29048],{"class":42686},[20,143827,143828],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[35,143830,143832],{"className":37,"code":143831,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,143833,143834,143844,143858,143872,143890],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143835,143836,143838,143840,143842],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143837,100],{"class":99},[44,143839,103],{"class":58},[44,143841,34060],{"class":89},[44,143843,108],{"class":58},[44,143845,143846,143848,143850,143852,143854,143856],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,143847,100],{"class":99},[44,143849,103],{"class":58},[44,143851,41136],{"class":99},[44,143853,103],{"class":58},[44,143855,34060],{"class":89},[44,143857,993],{"class":58},[44,143859,143860,143862,143864,143866,143868,143870],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,143861,100],{"class":99},[44,143863,103],{"class":58},[44,143865,34060],{"class":89},[44,143867,86],{"class":58},[44,143869,8008],{"class":89},[44,143871,6566],{"class":58},[44,143873,143874,143876,143878,143880,143882,143884,143886,143888],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,143875,100],{"class":99},[44,143877,103],{"class":58},[44,143879,41136],{"class":99},[44,143881,103],{"class":58},[44,143883,34060],{"class":89},[44,143885,86],{"class":58},[44,143887,8008],{"class":89},[44,143889,5660],{"class":58},[44,143891,143892,143894,143896,143898,143900,143902],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,143893,31502],{"class":99},[44,143895,103],{"class":58},[44,143897,2812],{"class":121},[44,143899,86],{"class":58},[44,143901,8008],{"class":24098},[44,143903,108],{"class":58},[20,143905,143906,143908],{},[15,143907,121814],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[131,143910,1196],{"id":1195},[347,143912,1212,143914,143916],{"id":143913},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,143915,41010],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,143918,45724,143919,143921],{},[15,143920,41010],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[347,143923,1212,143925,123927],{"id":143924},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,143926,41010],{},[20,143928,143929],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[347,143931,1200,143933,143935],{"id":143932},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,143934,41010],{}," remove by default?",[20,143937,143938],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[347,143940,33556,143942,33559,143944,1239],{"id":143941},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,143943,41010],{},[15,143945,123771],{},[20,143947,143948,143950,143951,143953],{},[15,143949,41010],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,143952,123771],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[347,143955,143957],{"id":143956},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,143959,127473,143960,143962,143963,143965],{},[15,143961,143331],{}," for the left side and ",[15,143964,143334],{}," for the right side.",[131,143967,1251],{"id":1250},[145,143969,143970,143976,143982,143987,143992],{},[148,143971,143972],{},[167,143973,125600,143974,1272],{"href":123327},[15,143975,123330],{},[148,143977,143978],{},[167,143979,125600,143980,1272],{"href":129181},[15,143981,123771],{},[148,143983,143984],{},[167,143985,143986],{"href":143068},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[148,143988,143989],{},[167,143990,143991],{"href":87167},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[148,143993,143994],{},[167,143995,124355],{"href":50336},[1294,143997,143998],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":144000},[144001,144002,144004,144008,144010,144011,144013,144014,144016,144017,144028],{"id":2978,"depth":80,"text":2979},{"id":142653,"depth":80,"text":144003},"What strip() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175,"children":144005},[144006,144007],{"id":142776,"depth":96,"text":142768},{"id":142827,"depth":96,"text":142773},{"id":142901,"depth":80,"text":144009},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143167,"depth":80,"text":143168},{"id":143326,"depth":80,"text":144012},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":107607,"depth":80,"text":107608},{"id":143582,"depth":80,"text":144015},"When to use strip()",{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":144018},[144019,144021,144023,144025,144027],{"id":143913,"depth":96,"text":144020},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":143924,"depth":96,"text":144022},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":143932,"depth":96,"text":144024},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":143941,"depth":96,"text":144026},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":143956,"depth":96,"text":143957},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":142574,"description":144029},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144036,"title":144037,"body":144038,"description":145218,"extension":1331,"meta":145219,"navigation":268,"path":145220,"seo":145221,"stem":145222,"__hash__":145223},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144039,"toc":145188},[144040,144045,144050,144055,144057,144103,144111,144116,144130,144136,144138,144140,144155,144157,144167,144170,144201,144204,144227,144229,144232,144289,144291,144305,144307,144321,144327,144332,144335,144376,144378,144387,144395,144398,144443,144445,144454,144457,144461,144466,144480,144482,144514,144516,144536,144539,144544,144549,144551,144562,144565,144622,144624,144632,144641,144643,144645,144651,144653,144690,144692,144700,144702,144743,144745,144754,144759,144764,144766,144793,144800,144803,144834,144836,144845,144851,144860,144891,144893,144905,144918,144922,144927,144957,144959,145026,145028,145038,145040,145045,145048,145053,145058,145062,145068,145074,145077,145079,145137,145139,145147,145149,145185],[10,144041,122600,144043,18],{"id":144042},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144044,127478],{},[20,144046,122605,144047,144049],{},[15,144048,127478],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144051,83978,144052,144054],{},[15,144053,127478],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[131,144056,1372],{"id":1371},[35,144058,144060],{"className":37,"code":144059,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144061,144062,144074,144088,144098],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144063,144064,144066,144068,144070,144072],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144065,34039],{"class":50},[44,144067,55],{"class":54},[44,144069,247],{"class":235},[44,144071,128319],{"class":239},[44,144073,2727],{"class":235},[44,144075,144076,144078,144080,144082,144084,144086],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,144077,644],{"class":50},[44,144079,55],{"class":54},[44,144081,42199],{"class":50},[44,144083,86],{"class":58},[44,144085,33829],{"class":89},[44,144087,93],{"class":58},[44,144089,144090,144092,144094,144096],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,144091,100],{"class":99},[44,144093,103],{"class":58},[44,144095,668],{"class":89},[44,144097,108],{"class":58},[44,144099,144100],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,144101,144102],{"class":3035},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144104,144105,144107,144108,144110],{},[15,144106,127478],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[30,144109,604],{}," change the original string in place.",[131,144112,134,144114,137],{"id":144113},"what-upper-does",[15,144115,127478],{},[145,144117,144118,144123,144126,144128],{},[148,144119,144120,144122],{},[15,144121,127478],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[148,144124,144125],{},"It works on string values only",[148,144127,132848],{},[148,144129,135566],{},[20,144131,124352,144132,945,144134,86],{},[167,144133,135572],{"href":135571},[167,144135,124355],{"href":50336},[131,144137,175],{"id":174},[20,144139,1530],{},[35,144141,144143],{"className":37,"code":144142,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.upper()\n",[15,144144,144145],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144146,144147,144149,144151,144153],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144148,60535],{"class":50},[44,144150,86],{"class":58},[44,144152,33829],{"class":89},[44,144154,93],{"class":58},[20,144156,10822],{},[145,144158,144159,144161,144164],{},[148,144160,202],{},[148,144162,144163],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[148,144165,144166],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144168,144169],{},"Example with a variable:",[35,144171,144173],{"className":37,"code":144172,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144174,144175,144187],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144176,144177,144179,144181,144183,144185],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144178,7249],{"class":50},[44,144180,55],{"class":54},[44,144182,247],{"class":235},[44,144184,39],{"class":239},[44,144186,2727],{"class":235},[44,144188,144189,144191,144193,144195,144197,144199],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,144190,100],{"class":99},[44,144192,103],{"class":58},[44,144194,7041],{"class":89},[44,144196,86],{"class":58},[44,144198,33829],{"class":89},[44,144200,6566],{"class":58},[20,144202,144203],{},"Example with a string literal:",[35,144205,144207],{"className":37,"code":144206,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144208,144209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144210,144211,144213,144215,144217,144219,144221,144223,144225],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144212,100],{"class":99},[44,144214,103],{"class":58},[44,144216,236],{"class":235},[44,144218,3214],{"class":239},[44,144220,236],{"class":235},[44,144222,86],{"class":58},[44,144224,33829],{"class":89},[44,144226,6566],{"class":58},[131,144228,215],{"id":214},[20,144230,144231],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[35,144233,144235],{"className":37,"code":144234,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144236,144237,144249,144264,144268,144278],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144238,144239,144241,144243,144245,144247],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144240,5525],{"class":50},[44,144242,55],{"class":54},[44,144244,247],{"class":235},[44,144246,3459],{"class":239},[44,144248,2727],{"class":235},[44,144250,144251,144254,144256,144258,144260,144262],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,144252,144253],{"class":50},"uppercase_word ",[44,144255,55],{"class":54},[44,144257,37736],{"class":50},[44,144259,86],{"class":58},[44,144261,33829],{"class":89},[44,144263,93],{"class":58},[44,144265,144266],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,144267,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,144269,144270,144272,144274,144276],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,144271,100],{"class":99},[44,144273,103],{"class":58},[44,144275,37746],{"class":89},[44,144277,108],{"class":58},[44,144279,144280,144282,144284,144287],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,144281,100],{"class":99},[44,144283,103],{"class":58},[44,144285,144286],{"class":89},"uppercase_word",[44,144288,108],{"class":58},[20,144290,111],{},[35,144292,144294],{"className":37,"code":144293,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144295,144296,144300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144297,144298],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144299,69768],{"class":50},[44,144301,144302],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,144303,144304],{"class":33804},"BANANA\n",[20,144306,111714],{},[145,144308,144309,144314],{},[148,144310,144311,144313],{},[15,144312,37746],{}," keeps its original value",[148,144315,144316,144318,144319],{},[15,144317,144286],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144320,127478],{},[131,144322,144324,144326],{"id":144323},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144325,127478],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144328,136232,144329,144331],{},[30,144330,136235],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144333,144334],{},"So this method:",[35,144336,144338],{"className":37,"code":144337,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144339,144340,144352,144362,144366],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144341,144342,144344,144346,144348,144350],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144343,7249],{"class":50},[44,144345,55],{"class":54},[44,144347,247],{"class":235},[44,144349,17150],{"class":239},[44,144351,2727],{"class":235},[44,144353,144354,144356,144358,144360],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,144355,7041],{"class":50},[44,144357,86],{"class":58},[44,144359,33829],{"class":89},[44,144361,93],{"class":58},[44,144363,144364],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,144365,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,144367,144368,144370,144372,144374],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,144369,100],{"class":99},[44,144371,103],{"class":58},[44,144373,7041],{"class":89},[44,144375,108],{"class":58},[20,144377,111],{},[35,144379,144381],{"className":37,"code":144380,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"alice\n",[15,144382,144383],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144384,144385],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144386,144380],{"class":50},[20,144388,20325,144389,144391,144392,144394],{},[15,144390,127478],{}," was called, ",[15,144393,7041],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,144396,144397],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[35,144399,144401],{"className":37,"code":144400,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144402,144403,144415,144429,144433],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144404,144405,144407,144409,144411,144413],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144406,7249],{"class":50},[44,144408,55],{"class":54},[44,144410,247],{"class":235},[44,144412,17150],{"class":239},[44,144414,2727],{"class":235},[44,144416,144417,144419,144421,144423,144425,144427],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,144418,7249],{"class":50},[44,144420,55],{"class":54},[44,144422,35345],{"class":50},[44,144424,86],{"class":58},[44,144426,33829],{"class":89},[44,144428,93],{"class":58},[44,144430,144431],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,144432,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,144434,144435,144437,144439,144441],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,144436,100],{"class":99},[44,144438,103],{"class":58},[44,144440,7041],{"class":89},[44,144442,108],{"class":58},[20,144444,111],{},[35,144446,144448],{"className":37,"code":144447,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ALICE\n",[15,144449,144450],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144451,144452],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144453,144447],{"class":33804},[20,144455,144456],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[131,144458,144460],{"id":144459},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,144462,144463,144465],{},[15,144464,127478],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[145,144467,144468,144471,144474,144477],{},[148,144469,144470],{},"Numbers stay the same",[148,144472,144473],{},"Spaces stay the same",[148,144475,144476],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[148,144478,144479],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,144481,1578],{},[35,144483,144485],{"className":37,"code":144484,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144486,144487,144500],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144488,144489,144491,144493,144495,144498],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144490,34039],{"class":50},[44,144492,55],{"class":54},[44,144494,247],{"class":235},[44,144496,144497],{"class":239},"Room 7, table #3!",[44,144499,2727],{"class":235},[44,144501,144502,144504,144506,144508,144510,144512],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,144503,100],{"class":99},[44,144505,103],{"class":58},[44,144507,34060],{"class":89},[44,144509,86],{"class":58},[44,144511,33829],{"class":89},[44,144513,6566],{"class":58},[20,144515,111],{},[35,144517,144519],{"className":37,"code":144518,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,144520,144521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144522,144523,144526,144528,144530,144533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144524,144525],{"class":33804},"ROOM",[44,144527,5364],{"class":62},[44,144529,66],{"class":58},[44,144531,144532],{"class":33804}," TABLE",[44,144534,144535],{"class":3035}," #3!\n",[20,144537,144538],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[131,144540,4331,144542],{"id":144541},"when-to-use-upper",[15,144543,127478],{},[20,144545,144546,144548],{},[15,144547,127478],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,144550,47699],{},[145,144552,144553,144556,144559],{},[148,144554,144555],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[148,144557,144558],{},"Format labels or headings",[148,144560,144561],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,144563,144564],{},"Example: simple comparison",[35,144566,144568],{"className":37,"code":144567,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,144569,144570,144582,144586,144608],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144571,144572,144574,144576,144578,144580],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144573,135843],{"class":50},[44,144575,55],{"class":54},[44,144577,247],{"class":235},[44,144579,8031],{"class":239},[44,144581,2727],{"class":235},[44,144583,144584],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,144585,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,144587,144588,144590,144592,144594,144596,144598,144600,144602,144604,144606],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,144589,6369],{"class":3245},[44,144591,135863],{"class":50},[44,144593,86],{"class":58},[44,144595,33829],{"class":89},[44,144597,6738],{"class":58},[44,144599,5779],{"class":54},[44,144601,247],{"class":235},[44,144603,135850],{"class":239},[44,144605,236],{"class":235},[44,144607,5764],{"class":58},[44,144609,144610,144612,144614,144616,144618,144620],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,144611,7442],{"class":99},[44,144613,103],{"class":58},[44,144615,236],{"class":235},[44,144617,143047],{"class":239},[44,144619,236],{"class":235},[44,144621,108],{"class":58},[20,144623,111],{},[35,144625,144626],{"className":37,"code":143056,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,144627,144628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144629,144630],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144631,143056],{"class":50},[20,144633,144634,144635,1559,144637,1563,144639,86],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,144636,8031],{},[15,144638,136636],{},[15,144640,135850],{},[131,144642,2200],{"id":2199},[347,144644,95249],{"id":95248},[20,144646,7490,144647,144650],{},[15,144648,144649],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,144652,798],{},[35,144654,144656],{"className":37,"code":144655,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,144657,144658,144670,144680],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144659,144660,144662,144664,144666,144668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144661,34039],{"class":50},[44,144663,55],{"class":54},[44,144665,247],{"class":235},[44,144667,3214],{"class":239},[44,144669,2727],{"class":235},[44,144671,144672,144674,144676,144678],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,144673,34060],{"class":50},[44,144675,86],{"class":58},[44,144677,33829],{"class":89},[44,144679,93],{"class":58},[44,144681,144682,144684,144686,144688],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,144683,100],{"class":99},[44,144685,103],{"class":58},[44,144687,34060],{"class":89},[44,144689,108],{"class":58},[20,144691,111],{},[35,144693,144694],{"className":37,"code":137915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,144695,144696],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144697,144698],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144699,137915],{"class":50},[20,144701,862],{},[35,144703,144705],{"className":37,"code":144704,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,144706,144707,144719,144733],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144708,144709,144711,144713,144715,144717],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144710,34039],{"class":50},[44,144712,55],{"class":54},[44,144714,247],{"class":235},[44,144716,3214],{"class":239},[44,144718,2727],{"class":235},[44,144720,144721,144723,144725,144727,144729,144731],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,144722,34039],{"class":50},[44,144724,55],{"class":54},[44,144726,42199],{"class":50},[44,144728,86],{"class":58},[44,144730,33829],{"class":89},[44,144732,93],{"class":58},[44,144734,144735,144737,144739,144741],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,144736,100],{"class":99},[44,144738,103],{"class":58},[44,144740,34060],{"class":89},[44,144742,108],{"class":58},[20,144744,111],{},[35,144746,144748],{"className":37,"code":144747,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HELLO\n",[15,144749,144750],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144751,144752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144753,144747],{"class":33804},[347,144755,18255,144757,136522],{"id":144756},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,144758,127478],{},[20,144760,144761,144763],{},[15,144762,127478],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,144765,1578],{},[35,144767,144769],{"className":37,"code":144768,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,144770,144771,144779],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144772,144773,144775,144777],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144774,1588],{"class":50},[44,144776,55],{"class":54},[44,144778,124282],{"class":62},[44,144780,144781,144783,144785,144787,144789,144791],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,144782,100],{"class":99},[44,144784,103],{"class":58},[44,144786,1610],{"class":89},[44,144788,86],{"class":58},[44,144790,33829],{"class":89},[44,144792,6566],{"class":58},[20,144794,39009,144795,144797,144798,32951],{},[15,144796,1558],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,144799,127478],{},[20,144801,144802],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[35,144804,144806],{"className":37,"code":144805,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,144807,144808,144816],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144809,144810,144812,144814],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144811,1588],{"class":50},[44,144813,55],{"class":54},[44,144815,124282],{"class":62},[44,144817,144818,144820,144822,144824,144826,144828,144830,144832],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,144819,100],{"class":99},[44,144821,103],{"class":58},[44,144823,2812],{"class":121},[44,144825,103],{"class":58},[44,144827,1610],{"class":89},[44,144829,8005],{"class":58},[44,144831,33829],{"class":89},[44,144833,6566],{"class":58},[20,144835,111],{},[35,144837,144839],{"className":37,"code":144838,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"123\n",[15,144840,144841],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144842,144843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144844,144838],{"class":62},[347,144846,36558,144848,144850],{"id":144847},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,144849,127478],{}," with title case",[20,144852,144853,144855,144856,144859],{},[15,144854,127478],{}," makes ",[30,144857,144858],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[35,144861,144863],{"className":37,"code":144862,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144864,144865,144877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144866,144867,144869,144871,144873,144875],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144868,34039],{"class":50},[44,144870,55],{"class":54},[44,144872,247],{"class":235},[44,144874,59767],{"class":239},[44,144876,2727],{"class":235},[44,144878,144879,144881,144883,144885,144887,144889],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,144880,100],{"class":99},[44,144882,103],{"class":58},[44,144884,34060],{"class":89},[44,144886,86],{"class":58},[44,144888,33829],{"class":89},[44,144890,6566],{"class":58},[20,144892,111],{},[35,144894,144896],{"className":37,"code":144895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144897,144898],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144899,144900,144902],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144901,135624],{"class":33804},[44,144903,144904],{"class":33804}," WORLD\n",[20,144906,144907,144908,144912,144913,144917],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[167,144909,144910],{"href":123327},[15,144911,123330],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[167,144914,144915],{"href":129181},[15,144916,123771],{}," changes parts of a string.",[131,144919,144921],{"id":144920},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,144923,144924,144925,2255],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,144926,127478],{},[145,144928,144929,144936,144943,144950],{},[148,144930,144931,144935],{},[167,144932,144933],{"href":123327},[15,144934,123330],{}," for lowercase text",[148,144937,144938,144942],{},[167,144939,144940],{"href":136170},[15,144941,41010],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[148,144944,144945,144949],{},[167,144946,144947],{"href":129181},[15,144948,123771],{}," for changing parts of a string",[148,144951,144952,342,144954,144956],{},[15,144953,126968],{},[15,144955,125658],{}," for checks",[20,144958,1578],{},[35,144960,144962],{"className":37,"code":144961,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,144963,144964,144976,144980,144995,145011,145015],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144965,144966,144968,144970,144972,144974],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144967,34039],{"class":50},[44,144969,55],{"class":54},[44,144971,247],{"class":235},[44,144973,142698],{"class":239},[44,144975,2727],{"class":235},[44,144977,144978],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,144979,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,144981,144982,144985,144987,144989,144991,144993],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,144983,144984],{"class":50},"cleaned ",[44,144986,55],{"class":54},[44,144988,42199],{"class":50},[44,144990,86],{"class":58},[44,144992,8008],{"class":89},[44,144994,93],{"class":58},[44,144996,144997,145000,145002,145005,145007,145009],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,144998,144999],{"class":50},"loud ",[44,145001,55],{"class":54},[44,145003,145004],{"class":50}," cleaned",[44,145006,86],{"class":58},[44,145008,33829],{"class":89},[44,145010,93],{"class":58},[44,145012,145013],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,145014,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,145016,145017,145019,145021,145024],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,145018,100],{"class":99},[44,145020,103],{"class":58},[44,145022,145023],{"class":89},"loud",[44,145025,108],{"class":58},[20,145027,111],{},[35,145029,145030],{"className":37,"code":144895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145031,145032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145033,145034,145036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145035,135624],{"class":33804},[44,145037,144904],{"class":33804},[131,145039,1196],{"id":1195},[347,145041,1212,145043,123927],{"id":145042},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145044,127478],{},[20,145046,145047],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[347,145049,1212,145051,136904],{"id":145050},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145052,127478],{},[20,145054,145055,145056,86],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145057,144649],{},[347,145059,145061],{"id":145060},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145063,145064,145065,145067],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145066,127478],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[347,145069,27677,145071,145073],{"id":145070},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145072,127478],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145075,145076],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145078,1578],{},[35,145080,145082],{"className":37,"code":145081,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145083,145084,145096,145109,145113],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145085,145086,145088,145090,145092,145094],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145087,1095],{"class":50},[44,145089,55],{"class":54},[44,145091,247],{"class":235},[44,145093,39],{"class":239},[44,145095,2727],{"class":235},[44,145097,145098,145100,145102,145104,145107],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,145099,1122],{"class":50},[44,145101,55],{"class":54},[44,145103,247],{"class":235},[44,145105,145106],{"class":239},"PYTHON",[44,145108,2727],{"class":235},[44,145110,145111],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,145112,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,145114,145115,145117,145119,145121,145123,145125,145127,145129,145131,145133,145135],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,145116,100],{"class":99},[44,145118,103],{"class":58},[44,145120,167],{"class":89},[44,145122,86],{"class":58},[44,145124,33829],{"class":89},[44,145126,6738],{"class":58},[44,145128,5779],{"class":54},[44,145130,1929],{"class":89},[44,145132,86],{"class":58},[44,145134,33829],{"class":89},[44,145136,6566],{"class":58},[20,145138,111],{},[35,145140,145141],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145142,145143],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145144,145145],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145146,3350],{"class":692},[131,145148,1251],{"id":1250},[145,145150,145151,145155,145161,145167,145173,145177,145181],{},[148,145152,145153],{},[167,145154,124355],{"href":50336},[148,145156,145157],{},[167,145158,125600,145159,1272],{"href":123327},[15,145160,123330],{},[148,145162,145163],{},[167,145164,125600,145165,1272],{"href":136170},[15,145166,41010],{},[148,145168,145169],{},[167,145170,125600,145171,1272],{"href":129181},[15,145172,123771],{},[148,145174,145175],{},[167,145176,90044],{"href":89053},[148,145178,145179],{},[167,145180,123999],{"href":122855},[148,145182,145183],{},[167,145184,136990],{"href":135571},[1294,145186,145187],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":145189},[145190,145191,145193,145194,145195,145197,145198,145200,145207,145208,145217],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":144113,"depth":80,"text":145192},"What upper() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":214,"depth":80,"text":215},{"id":144323,"depth":80,"text":145196},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144459,"depth":80,"text":144460},{"id":144541,"depth":80,"text":145199},"When to use upper()",{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200,"children":145201},[145202,145203,145205],{"id":95248,"depth":96,"text":95249},{"id":144756,"depth":96,"text":145204},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":144847,"depth":96,"text":145206},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":144920,"depth":80,"text":144921},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":145209},[145210,145212,145214,145215],{"id":145042,"depth":96,"text":145211},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145050,"depth":96,"text":145213},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145060,"depth":96,"text":145061},{"id":145070,"depth":96,"text":145216},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144037,"description":145218},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145225,"title":145226,"body":145227,"description":147104,"extension":1331,"meta":147105,"navigation":268,"path":147106,"seo":147107,"stem":147108,"__hash__":147109},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145228,"toc":147054},[145229,145235,145242,145248,145250,145306,145311,145316,145321,145324,145343,145346,145348,145372,145390,145401,145403,145406,145459,145461,145469,145471,145489,145494,145497,145554,145556,145565,145568,145588,145591,145597,145602,145604,145647,145649,145657,145660,145701,145703,145712,145718,145724,145751,145753,145761,145766,145770,145782,145825,145827,145835,145840,145846,145851,145855,145857,145900,145903,145950,145952,145961,145968,145972,145975,146021,146026,146030,146032,146075,146078,146086,146088,146093,146095,146097,146116,146119,146131,146133,146152,146154,146162,146166,146168,146219,146222,146297,146299,146307,146310,146314,146316,146363,146366,146437,146439,146447,146453,146455,146530,146534,146613,146615,146623,146629,146635,146640,146645,146694,146698,146769,146772,146777,146788,146791,146802,146812,146814,146819,146844,146849,146930,146932,146957,146959,146964,146967,146973,146982,146988,146991,146997,147003,147010,147013,147015,147051],[10,145230,2945,145232,2949],{"id":145231},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145233,145234],{},"sum()",[20,145236,8493,145237,145239,145240,24112],{},[15,145238,145234],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145241,59359],{},[20,145243,145244,145245,145247],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145246,35426],{}," value and a few important limits.",[131,145249,1372],{"id":1371},[35,145251,145253],{"className":37,"code":145252,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145254,145255,145279,145294],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145256,145257,145259,145261,145263,145265,145267,145269,145271,145273,145275,145277],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145258,51],{"class":50},[44,145260,55],{"class":54},[44,145262,2993],{"class":58},[44,145264,63],{"class":62},[44,145266,66],{"class":58},[44,145268,69],{"class":62},[44,145270,66],{"class":58},[44,145272,74],{"class":62},[44,145274,66],{"class":58},[44,145276,1827],{"class":62},[44,145278,3006],{"class":58},[44,145280,145281,145283,145285,145288,145290,145292],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,145282,40539],{"class":50},[44,145284,55],{"class":54},[44,145286,145287],{"class":99}," sum",[44,145289,103],{"class":58},[44,145291,83],{"class":89},[44,145293,108],{"class":58},[44,145295,145296,145298,145300,145302,145304],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,145297,100],{"class":99},[44,145299,103],{"class":58},[44,145301,40568],{"class":89},[44,145303,3032],{"class":58},[44,145305,26143],{"class":3035},[20,145307,1462,145308,145310],{},[15,145309,145234],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[131,145312,134,145314,137],{"id":145313},"what-sum-does",[15,145315,145234],{},[20,145317,145318,145320],{},[15,145319,145234],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145322,145323],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[145,145325,145326,145329,145332,145337],{},[148,145327,145328],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[148,145330,145331],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[148,145333,145334,145335],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145336,35551],{},[148,145338,145339,145340,145342],{},"Counting ",[15,145341,2974],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145344,145345],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[131,145347,175],{"id":174},[35,145349,145351],{"className":37,"code":145350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145352,145353],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145354,145355,145358,145360,145362,145364,145366,145368,145370],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145356,145357],{"class":99},"sum",[44,145359,103],{"class":58},[44,145361,3091],{"class":89},[44,145363,66],{"class":58},[44,145365,35405],{"class":8546},[44,145367,55],{"class":54},[44,145369,1490],{"class":62},[44,145371,108],{"class":58},[145,145373,145374,145379,145384],{},[148,145375,145376,145378],{},[15,145377,3091],{}," is the group of values to add",[148,145380,145381,145383],{},[15,145382,35426],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[148,145385,145386,145387],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145388,145389],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145391,145392,145393,145396,145397,86],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145394,145395,3091],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[167,145398,145399,23965],{"href":35548},[15,145400,35551],{},[131,145402,215],{"id":214},[20,145404,145405],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[35,145407,145409],{"className":37,"code":145408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145410,145411,145431,145445,145449],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145412,145413,145415,145417,145419,145421,145423,145425,145427,145429],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145414,51],{"class":50},[44,145416,55],{"class":54},[44,145418,2993],{"class":58},[44,145420,1507],{"class":62},[44,145422,66],{"class":58},[44,145424,5375],{"class":62},[44,145426,66],{"class":58},[44,145428,37291],{"class":62},[44,145430,3006],{"class":58},[44,145432,145433,145435,145437,145439,145441,145443],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,145434,40539],{"class":50},[44,145436,55],{"class":54},[44,145438,145287],{"class":99},[44,145440,103],{"class":58},[44,145442,83],{"class":89},[44,145444,108],{"class":58},[44,145446,145447],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,145448,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,145450,145451,145453,145455,145457],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,145452,100],{"class":99},[44,145454,103],{"class":58},[44,145456,40568],{"class":89},[44,145458,108],{"class":58},[20,145460,111],{},[35,145462,145463],{"className":37,"code":69202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145464,145465],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145466,145467],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145468,69202],{"class":62},[20,145470,311],{},[145,145472,145473,145478,145484],{},[148,145474,145475,145477],{},[15,145476,83],{}," contains three integers",[148,145479,145480,145483],{},[15,145481,145482],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[148,145485,145486,145487],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,145488,40568],{},[131,145490,35966,145492,7807],{"id":145491},"using-the-start-value",[15,145493,35426],{},[20,145495,145496],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[35,145498,145500],{"className":37,"code":145499,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145501,145502,145522,145540,145544],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145503,145504,145506,145508,145510,145512,145514,145516,145518,145520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145505,51],{"class":50},[44,145507,55],{"class":54},[44,145509,2993],{"class":58},[44,145511,63],{"class":62},[44,145513,66],{"class":58},[44,145515,69],{"class":62},[44,145517,66],{"class":58},[44,145519,74],{"class":62},[44,145521,3006],{"class":58},[44,145523,145524,145526,145528,145530,145532,145534,145536,145538],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,145525,40539],{"class":50},[44,145527,55],{"class":54},[44,145529,145287],{"class":99},[44,145531,103],{"class":58},[44,145533,83],{"class":89},[44,145535,66],{"class":58},[44,145537,5375],{"class":62},[44,145539,108],{"class":58},[44,145541,145542],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,145543,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,145545,145546,145548,145550,145552],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,145547,100],{"class":99},[44,145549,103],{"class":58},[44,145551,40568],{"class":89},[44,145553,108],{"class":58},[20,145555,111],{},[35,145557,145559],{"className":37,"code":145558,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"16\n",[15,145560,145561],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145562,145563],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145564,145558],{"class":62},[20,145566,145567],{},"This works like:",[145,145569,145570,145575,145580,145584],{},[148,145571,145572,145573],{},"Start at ",[15,145574,1701],{},[148,145576,145577,145578],{},"Add ",[15,145579,63],{},[148,145581,145577,145582],{},[15,145583,1426],{},[148,145585,145577,145586],{},[15,145587,1432],{},[20,145589,145590],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[131,145592,134,145594,145596],{"id":145593},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,145595,145234],{}," can work with",[20,145598,145599,145601],{},[15,145600,145234],{}," works with numeric values.",[347,145603,39781],{"id":39780},[35,145605,145607],{"className":37,"code":145606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,145608,145609,145633],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145610,145611,145613,145615,145617,145619,145621,145623,145625,145627,145629,145631],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145612,3191],{"class":50},[44,145614,55],{"class":54},[44,145616,2993],{"class":58},[44,145618,63],{"class":62},[44,145620,66],{"class":58},[44,145622,69],{"class":62},[44,145624,66],{"class":58},[44,145626,74],{"class":62},[44,145628,66],{"class":58},[44,145630,1827],{"class":62},[44,145632,3006],{"class":58},[44,145634,145635,145637,145639,145641,145643,145645],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,145636,100],{"class":99},[44,145638,103],{"class":58},[44,145640,145357],{"class":99},[44,145642,103],{"class":58},[44,145644,4727],{"class":89},[44,145646,993],{"class":58},[20,145648,111],{},[35,145650,145651],{"className":37,"code":1747,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145652,145653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145654,145655],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145656,1747],{"class":62},[347,145658,145659],{"id":51407},"Floats",[35,145661,145663],{"className":37,"code":145662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,145664,145665,145687],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145666,145667,145669,145671,145673,145675,145677,145680,145682,145685],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145668,82409],{"class":50},[44,145670,55],{"class":54},[44,145672,2993],{"class":58},[44,145674,40515],{"class":62},[44,145676,66],{"class":58},[44,145678,145679],{"class":62}," 3.75",[44,145681,66],{"class":58},[44,145683,145684],{"class":62}," 1.25",[44,145686,3006],{"class":58},[44,145688,145689,145691,145693,145695,145697,145699],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,145690,100],{"class":99},[44,145692,103],{"class":58},[44,145694,145357],{"class":99},[44,145696,103],{"class":58},[44,145698,82445],{"class":89},[44,145700,993],{"class":58},[20,145702,111],{},[35,145704,145706],{"className":37,"code":145705,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7.5\n",[15,145707,145708],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145709,145710],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145711,145705],{"class":62},[20,145713,145714,145715,86],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[167,145716,145717],{"href":1789},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[347,145719,145721,145722],{"id":145720},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,145723,35551],{},[35,145725,145727],{"className":37,"code":145726,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,145728,145729],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145730,145731,145733,145735,145737,145739,145741,145743,145745,145747,145749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145732,100],{"class":99},[44,145734,103],{"class":58},[44,145736,145357],{"class":99},[44,145738,103],{"class":58},[44,145740,59359],{"class":99},[44,145742,103],{"class":58},[44,145744,63],{"class":62},[44,145746,66],{"class":58},[44,145748,36998],{"class":62},[44,145750,2283],{"class":58},[20,145752,111],{},[35,145754,145755],{"className":37,"code":46400,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145756,145757],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145758,145759],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145760,46400],{"class":62},[20,145762,112804,145763,86],{},[15,145764,145765],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[347,145767,145769],{"id":145768},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,145771,145772,145773,145775,145776,342,145778,145775,145780,86],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,145774,2974],{}," acts like ",[15,145777,63],{},[15,145779,3046],{},[15,145781,1490],{},[35,145783,145785],{"className":37,"code":145784,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,145786,145787,145811],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145788,145789,145791,145793,145795,145797,145799,145801,145803,145805,145807,145809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145790,51327],{"class":50},[44,145792,55],{"class":54},[44,145794,2993],{"class":58},[44,145796,2974],{"class":692},[44,145798,66],{"class":58},[44,145800,3277],{"class":692},[44,145802,66],{"class":58},[44,145804,3286],{"class":692},[44,145806,66],{"class":58},[44,145808,3286],{"class":692},[44,145810,3006],{"class":58},[44,145812,145813,145815,145817,145819,145821,145823],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,145814,100],{"class":99},[44,145816,103],{"class":58},[44,145818,145357],{"class":99},[44,145820,103],{"class":58},[44,145822,51380],{"class":89},[44,145824,993],{"class":58},[20,145826,111],{},[35,145828,145829],{"className":37,"code":45976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145830,145831],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145832,145833],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145834,45976],{"class":62},[20,145836,145837,145838,86],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,145839,2974],{},[131,145841,134,145843,145845],{"id":145842},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,145844,145234],{}," does not work with",[20,145847,145848,145850],{},[15,145849,145234],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[347,145852,145854],{"id":145853},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,145856,2207],{},[35,145858,145860],{"className":37,"code":145859,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,145861,145862,145886],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145863,145864,145866,145868,145870,145872,145874,145876,145878,145880,145882,145884],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145865,3441],{"class":50},[44,145867,55],{"class":54},[44,145869,2993],{"class":58},[44,145871,236],{"class":235},[44,145873,3214],{"class":239},[44,145875,236],{"class":235},[44,145877,66],{"class":58},[44,145879,247],{"class":235},[44,145881,59952],{"class":239},[44,145883,236],{"class":235},[44,145885,3006],{"class":58},[44,145887,145888,145890,145892,145894,145896,145898],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,145889,100],{"class":99},[44,145891,103],{"class":58},[44,145893,145357],{"class":99},[44,145895,103],{"class":58},[44,145897,3485],{"class":89},[44,145899,993],{"class":58},[20,145901,145902],{},"Use string joining instead:",[35,145904,145906],{"className":37,"code":145905,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,145907,145908,145932],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145909,145910,145912,145914,145916,145918,145920,145922,145924,145926,145928,145930],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145911,3441],{"class":50},[44,145913,55],{"class":54},[44,145915,2993],{"class":58},[44,145917,236],{"class":235},[44,145919,3214],{"class":239},[44,145921,236],{"class":235},[44,145923,66],{"class":58},[44,145925,247],{"class":235},[44,145927,59952],{"class":239},[44,145929,236],{"class":235},[44,145931,3006],{"class":58},[44,145933,145934,145936,145938,145940,145942,145944,145946,145948],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,145935,100],{"class":99},[44,145937,103],{"class":58},[44,145939,5643],{"class":235},[44,145941,86],{"class":58},[44,145943,132759],{"class":89},[44,145945,103],{"class":58},[44,145947,3485],{"class":89},[44,145949,993],{"class":58},[20,145951,111],{},[35,145953,145955],{"className":37,"code":145954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"helloworld\n",[15,145956,145957],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145958,145959],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145960,145954],{"class":50},[20,145962,145963,145964,86],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[167,145965,145966,5153],{"href":41532},[15,145967,47043],{},[347,145969,145971],{"id":145970},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,145973,145974],{},"This also causes an error:",[35,145976,145978],{"className":37,"code":145977,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,145979,145980,146007],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145981,145982,145985,145987,145989,145991,145993,145995,145997,145999,146001,146003,146005],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145983,145984],{"class":50},"lists ",[44,145986,55],{"class":54},[44,145988,55653],{"class":58},[44,145990,63],{"class":62},[44,145992,66],{"class":58},[44,145994,69],{"class":62},[44,145996,17409],{"class":58},[44,145998,2993],{"class":58},[44,146000,1432],{"class":62},[44,146002,66],{"class":58},[44,146004,1827],{"class":62},[44,146006,52604],{"class":58},[44,146008,146009,146011,146013,146015,146017,146019],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,146010,100],{"class":99},[44,146012,103],{"class":58},[44,146014,145357],{"class":99},[44,146016,103],{"class":58},[44,146018,4668],{"class":89},[44,146020,993],{"class":58},[20,146022,146023,146025],{},[15,146024,145234],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[347,146027,146029],{"id":146028},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146031,4841],{},[35,146033,146035],{"className":37,"code":146034,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146036,146037,146061],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146038,146039,146041,146043,146045,146047,146049,146051,146053,146055,146057,146059],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146040,3191],{"class":50},[44,146042,55],{"class":54},[44,146044,2993],{"class":58},[44,146046,63],{"class":62},[44,146048,66],{"class":58},[44,146050,69],{"class":62},[44,146052,66],{"class":58},[44,146054,247],{"class":235},[44,146056,1432],{"class":239},[44,146058,236],{"class":235},[44,146060,3006],{"class":58},[44,146062,146063,146065,146067,146069,146071,146073],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,146064,100],{"class":99},[44,146066,103],{"class":58},[44,146068,145357],{"class":99},[44,146070,103],{"class":58},[44,146072,4727],{"class":89},[44,146074,993],{"class":58},[20,146076,146077],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146079,146080,146081,146083,146084,86],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146082,65307],{},", convert them first. See ",[167,146085,2334],{"href":2333},[131,146087,40861],{"id":40860},[20,146089,146090,146091,86],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146092,145234],{},[347,146094,5895],{"id":5894},[20,146096,3895],{},[35,146098,146100],{"className":37,"code":146099,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146101,146102],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146103,146104,146106,146108,146110,146112,146114],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146105,100],{"class":99},[44,146107,103],{"class":58},[44,146109,145357],{"class":99},[44,146111,103],{"class":58},[44,146113,1507],{"class":62},[44,146115,993],{"class":58},[20,146117,146118],{},"Why it fails:",[145,146120,146121,146126],{},[148,146122,146123,146125],{},[15,146124,1507],{}," is a single integer",[148,146127,146128,146130],{},[15,146129,145234],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146132,5925],{},[35,146134,146136],{"className":37,"code":146135,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146137,146138],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146139,146140,146142,146144,146146,146148,146150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146141,100],{"class":99},[44,146143,103],{"class":58},[44,146145,145357],{"class":99},[44,146147,2357],{"class":58},[44,146149,1507],{"class":62},[44,146151,2370],{"class":58},[20,146153,111],{},[35,146155,146156],{"className":37,"code":2318,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146157,146158],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146159,146160],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146161,2318],{"class":62},[347,146163,146165],{"id":146164},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146167,3895],{},[35,146169,146171],{"className":37,"code":146170,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146172,146173,146205],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146174,146175,146177,146179,146181,146183,146185,146187,146189,146191,146193,146195,146197,146199,146201,146203],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146176,3191],{"class":50},[44,146178,55],{"class":54},[44,146180,2993],{"class":58},[44,146182,236],{"class":235},[44,146184,63],{"class":239},[44,146186,236],{"class":235},[44,146188,66],{"class":58},[44,146190,247],{"class":235},[44,146192,1426],{"class":239},[44,146194,236],{"class":235},[44,146196,66],{"class":58},[44,146198,247],{"class":235},[44,146200,1432],{"class":239},[44,146202,236],{"class":235},[44,146204,3006],{"class":58},[44,146206,146207,146209,146211,146213,146215,146217],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,146208,100],{"class":99},[44,146210,103],{"class":58},[44,146212,145357],{"class":99},[44,146214,103],{"class":58},[44,146216,4727],{"class":89},[44,146218,993],{"class":58},[20,146220,146221],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[35,146223,146225],{"className":37,"code":146224,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146226,146227,146259,146287],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146228,146229,146231,146233,146235,146237,146239,146241,146243,146245,146247,146249,146251,146253,146255,146257],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146230,3191],{"class":50},[44,146232,55],{"class":54},[44,146234,2993],{"class":58},[44,146236,236],{"class":235},[44,146238,63],{"class":239},[44,146240,236],{"class":235},[44,146242,66],{"class":58},[44,146244,247],{"class":235},[44,146246,1426],{"class":239},[44,146248,236],{"class":235},[44,146250,66],{"class":58},[44,146252,247],{"class":235},[44,146254,1432],{"class":239},[44,146256,236],{"class":235},[44,146258,3006],{"class":58},[44,146260,146261,146263,146265,146267,146269,146271,146273,146275,146277,146279,146281,146283,146285],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,146262,40539],{"class":50},[44,146264,55],{"class":54},[44,146266,145287],{"class":99},[44,146268,103],{"class":58},[44,146270,1558],{"class":121},[44,146272,103],{"class":58},[44,146274,1104],{"class":89},[44,146276,3032],{"class":58},[44,146278,3246],{"class":3245},[44,146280,3249],{"class":89},[44,146282,3252],{"class":3245},[44,146284,3255],{"class":89},[44,146286,108],{"class":58},[44,146288,146289,146291,146293,146295],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,146290,100],{"class":99},[44,146292,103],{"class":58},[44,146294,40568],{"class":89},[44,146296,108],{"class":58},[20,146298,111],{},[35,146300,146301],{"className":37,"code":2024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146302,146303],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146304,146305],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146306,2024],{"class":62},[20,146308,146309],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[347,146311,146313],{"id":146312},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146315,3895],{},[35,146317,146319],{"className":37,"code":146318,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146320,146321,146349],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146322,146323,146325,146327,146329,146331,146333,146335,146337,146339,146341,146343,146345,146347],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146324,3191],{"class":50},[44,146326,55],{"class":54},[44,146328,2993],{"class":58},[44,146330,63],{"class":62},[44,146332,66],{"class":58},[44,146334,69],{"class":62},[44,146336,66],{"class":58},[44,146338,247],{"class":235},[44,146340,1432],{"class":239},[44,146342,236],{"class":235},[44,146344,66],{"class":58},[44,146346,1827],{"class":62},[44,146348,3006],{"class":58},[44,146350,146351,146353,146355,146357,146359,146361],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,146352,100],{"class":99},[44,146354,103],{"class":58},[44,146356,145357],{"class":99},[44,146358,103],{"class":58},[44,146360,4727],{"class":89},[44,146362,993],{"class":58},[20,146364,146365],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[35,146367,146369],{"className":37,"code":146368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146370,146371,146399,146427],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146372,146373,146375,146377,146379,146381,146383,146385,146387,146389,146391,146393,146395,146397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146374,3191],{"class":50},[44,146376,55],{"class":54},[44,146378,2993],{"class":58},[44,146380,63],{"class":62},[44,146382,66],{"class":58},[44,146384,69],{"class":62},[44,146386,66],{"class":58},[44,146388,247],{"class":235},[44,146390,1432],{"class":239},[44,146392,236],{"class":235},[44,146394,66],{"class":58},[44,146396,1827],{"class":62},[44,146398,3006],{"class":58},[44,146400,146401,146403,146405,146407,146409,146411,146413,146415,146417,146419,146421,146423,146425],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,146402,40539],{"class":50},[44,146404,55],{"class":54},[44,146406,145287],{"class":99},[44,146408,103],{"class":58},[44,146410,1558],{"class":121},[44,146412,103],{"class":58},[44,146414,1104],{"class":89},[44,146416,3032],{"class":58},[44,146418,3246],{"class":3245},[44,146420,3249],{"class":89},[44,146422,3252],{"class":3245},[44,146424,3255],{"class":89},[44,146426,108],{"class":58},[44,146428,146429,146431,146433,146435],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,146430,100],{"class":99},[44,146432,103],{"class":58},[44,146434,40568],{"class":89},[44,146436,108],{"class":58},[20,146438,111],{},[35,146440,146441],{"className":37,"code":1747,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146442,146443],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146444,146445],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146446,1747],{"class":62},[347,146448,350,146450,146452],{"id":146449},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,146451,145234],{}," to join text",[20,146454,3895],{},[35,146456,146458],{"className":37,"code":146457,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,146459,146460,146516],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146461,146462,146464,146466,146468,146470,146472,146474,146476,146478,146480,146482,146484,146486,146488,146490,146492,146494,146496,146498,146500,146502,146504,146506,146508,146510,146512,146514],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146463,35444],{"class":50},[44,146465,55],{"class":54},[44,146467,2993],{"class":58},[44,146469,236],{"class":235},[44,146471,133358],{"class":239},[44,146473,236],{"class":235},[44,146475,66],{"class":58},[44,146477,247],{"class":235},[44,146479,1113],{"class":239},[44,146481,236],{"class":235},[44,146483,66],{"class":58},[44,146485,247],{"class":235},[44,146487,62648],{"class":239},[44,146489,236],{"class":235},[44,146491,66],{"class":58},[44,146493,247],{"class":235},[44,146495,59799],{"class":239},[44,146497,236],{"class":235},[44,146499,66],{"class":58},[44,146501,247],{"class":235},[44,146503,59834],{"class":239},[44,146505,236],{"class":235},[44,146507,66],{"class":58},[44,146509,247],{"class":235},[44,146511,75391],{"class":239},[44,146513,236],{"class":235},[44,146515,3006],{"class":58},[44,146517,146518,146520,146522,146524,146526,146528],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,146519,100],{"class":99},[44,146521,103],{"class":58},[44,146523,145357],{"class":99},[44,146525,103],{"class":58},[44,146527,35497],{"class":89},[44,146529,993],{"class":58},[20,146531,1462,146532,59893],{},[15,146533,132682],{},[35,146535,146537],{"className":37,"code":146536,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,146538,146539,146595],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146540,146541,146543,146545,146547,146549,146551,146553,146555,146557,146559,146561,146563,146565,146567,146569,146571,146573,146575,146577,146579,146581,146583,146585,146587,146589,146591,146593],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146542,35444],{"class":50},[44,146544,55],{"class":54},[44,146546,2993],{"class":58},[44,146548,236],{"class":235},[44,146550,133358],{"class":239},[44,146552,236],{"class":235},[44,146554,66],{"class":58},[44,146556,247],{"class":235},[44,146558,1113],{"class":239},[44,146560,236],{"class":235},[44,146562,66],{"class":58},[44,146564,247],{"class":235},[44,146566,62648],{"class":239},[44,146568,236],{"class":235},[44,146570,66],{"class":58},[44,146572,247],{"class":235},[44,146574,59799],{"class":239},[44,146576,236],{"class":235},[44,146578,66],{"class":58},[44,146580,247],{"class":235},[44,146582,59834],{"class":239},[44,146584,236],{"class":235},[44,146586,66],{"class":58},[44,146588,247],{"class":235},[44,146590,75391],{"class":239},[44,146592,236],{"class":235},[44,146594,3006],{"class":58},[44,146596,146597,146599,146601,146603,146605,146607,146609,146611],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,146598,100],{"class":99},[44,146600,103],{"class":58},[44,146602,5643],{"class":235},[44,146604,86],{"class":58},[44,146606,132759],{"class":89},[44,146608,103],{"class":58},[44,146610,35497],{"class":89},[44,146612,993],{"class":58},[20,146614,111],{},[35,146616,146617],{"className":37,"code":133439,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146618,146619],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146620,146621],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146622,133439],{"class":50},[20,146624,146625,146626,86],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[167,146627,146628],{"href":134520},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[131,146630,146632,146634],{"id":146631},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,146633,145234],{}," vs manual loop",[20,146636,146637,146639],{},[15,146638,145234],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[347,146641,350,146643],{"id":146642},"using-sum",[15,146644,145234],{},[35,146646,146648],{"className":37,"code":146647,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146649,146650,146670,146684],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146651,146652,146654,146656,146658,146660,146662,146664,146666,146668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146653,51],{"class":50},[44,146655,55],{"class":54},[44,146657,2993],{"class":58},[44,146659,1875],{"class":62},[44,146661,66],{"class":58},[44,146663,5364],{"class":62},[44,146665,66],{"class":58},[44,146667,53498],{"class":62},[44,146669,3006],{"class":58},[44,146671,146672,146674,146676,146678,146680,146682],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,146673,40539],{"class":50},[44,146675,55],{"class":54},[44,146677,145287],{"class":99},[44,146679,103],{"class":58},[44,146681,83],{"class":89},[44,146683,108],{"class":58},[44,146685,146686,146688,146690,146692],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,146687,100],{"class":99},[44,146689,103],{"class":58},[44,146691,40568],{"class":89},[44,146693,108],{"class":58},[347,146695,146697],{"id":146696},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[35,146699,146701],{"className":37,"code":146700,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146702,146703,146723,146731,146735,146747,146755,146759],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146704,146705,146707,146709,146711,146713,146715,146717,146719,146721],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146706,51],{"class":50},[44,146708,55],{"class":54},[44,146710,2993],{"class":58},[44,146712,1875],{"class":62},[44,146714,66],{"class":58},[44,146716,5364],{"class":62},[44,146718,66],{"class":58},[44,146720,53498],{"class":62},[44,146722,3006],{"class":58},[44,146724,146725,146727,146729],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,146726,40539],{"class":50},[44,146728,55],{"class":54},[44,146730,37868],{"class":62},[44,146732,146733],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,146734,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,146736,146737,146739,146741,146743,146745],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,146738,5328],{"class":3245},[44,146740,5757],{"class":50},[44,146742,3252],{"class":3245},[44,146744,649],{"class":50},[44,146746,5764],{"class":58},[44,146748,146749,146751,146753],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,146750,89468],{"class":50},[44,146752,89471],{"class":54},[44,146754,89474],{"class":50},[44,146756,146757],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,146758,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,146760,146761,146763,146765,146767],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,146762,100],{"class":99},[44,146764,103],{"class":58},[44,146766,40568],{"class":89},[44,146768,108],{"class":58},[20,146770,146771],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,146773,1859,146774,146776],{},[15,146775,145234],{}," is often better:",[145,146778,146779,146782,146785],{},[148,146780,146781],{},"Shorter code",[148,146783,146784],{},"Easier to read",[148,146786,146787],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,146789,146790],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[145,146792,146793,146796,146799],{},[148,146794,146795],{},"You need to skip some values",[148,146797,146798],{},"You need extra checks",[148,146800,146801],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,146803,146804,146805,146808,146809,146811],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[167,146806,146807],{"href":39364},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,146810,145234],{}," on the filtered result.",[131,146813,2200],{"id":2199},[20,146815,146816,146817,2255],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,146818,145234],{},[145,146820,146821,146827,146834,146841],{},[148,146822,146823,146824],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,146825,146826],{},"sum(5)",[148,146828,146829,146830,146833],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,146831,146832],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[148,146835,350,146836,146838,146839],{},[15,146837,145234],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,146840,132682],{},[148,146842,146843],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,146845,8245,146846,146848],{},[15,146847,145234],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[35,146850,146852],{"className":37,"code":146851,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,146853,146854,146864,146878,146902],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146855,146856,146858,146860,146862],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146857,100],{"class":99},[44,146859,103],{"class":58},[44,146861,4727],{"class":89},[44,146863,108],{"class":58},[44,146865,146866,146868,146870,146872,146874,146876],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,146867,100],{"class":99},[44,146869,103],{"class":58},[44,146871,985],{"class":121},[44,146873,103],{"class":58},[44,146875,4727],{"class":89},[44,146877,993],{"class":58},[44,146879,146880,146882,146884,146886,146888,146890,146892,146894,146896,146898,146900],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,146881,100],{"class":99},[44,146883,2357],{"class":58},[44,146885,985],{"class":121},[44,146887,103],{"class":58},[44,146889,1104],{"class":89},[44,146891,3032],{"class":58},[44,146893,3246],{"class":3245},[44,146895,3249],{"class":89},[44,146897,3252],{"class":3245},[44,146899,3255],{"class":89},[44,146901,3258],{"class":58},[44,146903,146904,146906,146908,146910,146912,146914,146916,146918,146920,146922,146924,146926,146928],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,146905,100],{"class":99},[44,146907,103],{"class":58},[44,146909,145357],{"class":99},[44,146911,2357],{"class":58},[44,146913,1558],{"class":121},[44,146915,103],{"class":58},[44,146917,1104],{"class":89},[44,146919,3032],{"class":58},[44,146921,3246],{"class":3245},[44,146923,3249],{"class":89},[44,146925,3252],{"class":3245},[44,146927,3255],{"class":89},[44,146929,2370],{"class":58},[20,146931,135253],{},[145,146933,146934,146940,146946,146951],{},[148,146935,146936,146939],{},[15,146937,146938],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[148,146941,146942,146945],{},[15,146943,146944],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[148,146947,146948,135275],{},[15,146949,146950],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[148,146952,146953,146956],{},[15,146954,146955],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[131,146958,1196],{"id":1195},[347,146960,1200,146962,1203],{"id":146961},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,146963,145234],{},[20,146965,146966],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[347,146968,4538,146970,146972],{"id":146969},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,146971,145234],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,146974,29619,146975,945,146978,146981],{},[15,146976,146977],{},"''.join(...)",[15,146979,146980],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[347,146983,4538,146985,146987],{"id":146984},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,146986,145234],{}," work with floats?",[20,146989,146990],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[347,146992,146994,146995,1239],{"id":146993},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,146996,145234],{},[20,146998,146999,147000,147002],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147001,35426],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[347,147004,4526,147006,118638,147008,1239],{"id":147005},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147007,145234],{},[15,147009,2376],{},[20,147011,147012],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[131,147014,1251],{"id":1250},[145,147016,147017,147021,147027,147033,147039,147043,147047],{},[148,147018,147019],{},[167,147020,145717],{"href":1789},[148,147022,147023],{},[167,147024,2945,147025,2878],{"href":35548},[15,147026,35551],{},[148,147028,147029],{},[167,147030,2945,147031,2878],{"href":41715},[15,147032,41718],{},[148,147034,147035],{},[167,147036,2945,147037,2878],{"href":41532},[15,147038,47043],{},[148,147040,147041],{},[167,147042,4589],{"href":39364},[148,147044,147045],{},[167,147046,2895],{"href":2333},[148,147048,147049],{},[167,147050,146628],{"href":134520},[1294,147052,147053],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":147055},[147056,147057,147059,147060,147061,147063,147071,147077,147084,147090,147091,147103],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":145313,"depth":80,"text":147058},"What sum() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":214,"depth":80,"text":215},{"id":145491,"depth":80,"text":147062},"Using the start value",{"id":145593,"depth":80,"text":147064,"children":147065},"What sum() can work with",[147066,147067,147068,147070],{"id":39780,"depth":96,"text":39781},{"id":51407,"depth":96,"text":145659},{"id":145720,"depth":96,"text":147069},"Values from range()",{"id":145768,"depth":96,"text":145769},{"id":145842,"depth":80,"text":147072,"children":147073},"What sum() does not work with",[147074,147075,147076],{"id":145853,"depth":96,"text":145854},{"id":145970,"depth":96,"text":145971},{"id":146028,"depth":96,"text":146029},{"id":40860,"depth":80,"text":40861,"children":147078},[147079,147080,147081,147082],{"id":5894,"depth":96,"text":5895},{"id":146164,"depth":96,"text":146165},{"id":146312,"depth":96,"text":146313},{"id":146449,"depth":96,"text":147083},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":146631,"depth":80,"text":147085,"children":147086},"sum() vs manual loop",[147087,147089],{"id":146642,"depth":96,"text":147088},"Using sum()",{"id":146696,"depth":96,"text":146697},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":147092},[147093,147095,147097,147099,147101],{"id":146961,"depth":96,"text":147094},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":146969,"depth":96,"text":147096},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":146984,"depth":96,"text":147098},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":146993,"depth":96,"text":147100},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147005,"depth":96,"text":147102},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145226,"description":147104},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147111,"title":147112,"body":147113,"description":148515,"extension":1331,"meta":148516,"navigation":268,"path":148517,"seo":148518,"stem":148519,"__hash__":148520},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147114,"toc":148483},[147115,147121,147127,147130,147193,147199,147204,147208,147225,147239,147243,147263,147277,147279,147372,147374,147388,147390,147393,147482,147484,147492,147501,147503,147507,147528,147530,147622,147624,147645,147647,147651,147665,147667,147741,147743,147762,147766,147769,147792,147794,147905,147912,147920,147922,147928,147931,147974,147977,148000,148008,148012,148087,148093,148118,148125,148128,148131,148135,148140,148228,148236,148240,148243,148268,148272,148333,148337,148386,148396,148398,148403,148406,148412,148415,148419,148423,148429,148432,148440,148448,148450,148480],[10,147116,147118,147119,18],{"id":147117},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147120,56650],{},[20,147122,147123,147126],{},[15,147124,147125],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147128,147129],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[35,147131,147133],{"className":37,"code":147132,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147134,147135,147163,147181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147136,147137,147139,147141,147143,147145,147147,147149,147151,147153,147155,147157,147159,147161],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147138,51],{"class":50},[44,147140,55],{"class":54},[44,147142,8607],{"class":58},[44,147144,63],{"class":62},[44,147146,66],{"class":58},[44,147148,69],{"class":62},[44,147150,66],{"class":58},[44,147152,69],{"class":62},[44,147154,66],{"class":58},[44,147156,74],{"class":62},[44,147158,66],{"class":58},[44,147160,69],{"class":62},[44,147162,108],{"class":58},[44,147164,147165,147167,147169,147171,147173,147175,147177,147179],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,147166,644],{"class":50},[44,147168,55],{"class":54},[44,147170,649],{"class":50},[44,147172,86],{"class":58},[44,147174,40616],{"class":89},[44,147176,103],{"class":58},[44,147178,1426],{"class":62},[44,147180,108],{"class":58},[44,147182,147183,147185,147187,147189,147191],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,147184,100],{"class":99},[44,147186,103],{"class":58},[44,147188,668],{"class":89},[44,147190,3032],{"class":58},[44,147192,50131],{"class":3035},[20,147194,1462,147195,147198],{},[15,147196,147197],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[131,147200,134,147202,137],{"id":147201},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147203,147125],{},[20,147205,147206,2255],{},[15,147207,147197],{},[145,147209,147210,147216,147219,147222],{},[148,147211,147212,147213,147215],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147214,1843],{}," appears in the tuple",[148,147217,147218],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[148,147220,147221],{},"Returns an integer",[148,147223,147224],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147226,147227,147228,147230,147231,945,147235,86],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147229,56650],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[167,147232,147234],{"href":147233},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[167,147236,147238],{"href":147237},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[131,147240,147242],{"id":147241},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[35,147244,147246],{"className":37,"code":147245,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147247,147248],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147249,147250,147253,147255,147257,147259,147261],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147251,147252],{"class":50},"my_tuple",[44,147254,86],{"class":58},[44,147256,40616],{"class":89},[44,147258,103],{"class":58},[44,147260,1843],{"class":89},[44,147262,108],{"class":58},[145,147264,147265,147269,147272],{},[148,147266,147267,56815],{},[15,147268,1843],{},[148,147270,147271],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[148,147273,147274,147275],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147276,1490],{},[347,147278,102353],{"id":102352},[35,147280,147282],{"className":37,"code":147281,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147283,147284,147324,147348],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147285,147286,147288,147290,147292,147294,147296,147298,147300,147302,147304,147306,147308,147310,147312,147314,147316,147318,147320,147322],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147287,228],{"class":50},[44,147289,55],{"class":54},[44,147291,8607],{"class":58},[44,147293,236],{"class":235},[44,147295,240],{"class":239},[44,147297,236],{"class":235},[44,147299,66],{"class":58},[44,147301,247],{"class":235},[44,147303,259],{"class":239},[44,147305,236],{"class":235},[44,147307,66],{"class":58},[44,147309,247],{"class":235},[44,147311,240],{"class":239},[44,147313,236],{"class":235},[44,147315,66],{"class":58},[44,147317,247],{"class":235},[44,147319,250],{"class":239},[44,147321,236],{"class":235},[44,147323,108],{"class":58},[44,147325,147326,147328,147330,147332,147334,147336,147338,147340,147342,147344,147346],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,147327,100],{"class":99},[44,147329,103],{"class":58},[44,147331,274],{"class":89},[44,147333,86],{"class":58},[44,147335,40616],{"class":89},[44,147337,103],{"class":58},[44,147339,236],{"class":235},[44,147341,240],{"class":239},[44,147343,236],{"class":235},[44,147345,4730],{"class":58},[44,147347,57005],{"class":3035},[44,147349,147350,147352,147354,147356,147358,147360,147362,147364,147366,147368,147370],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,147351,100],{"class":99},[44,147353,103],{"class":58},[44,147355,274],{"class":89},[44,147357,86],{"class":58},[44,147359,40616],{"class":89},[44,147361,103],{"class":58},[44,147363,236],{"class":235},[44,147365,21871],{"class":239},[44,147367,236],{"class":235},[44,147369,4730],{"class":58},[44,147371,50608],{"class":3035},[20,147373,19305],{},[145,147375,147376,147381],{},[148,147377,147378,147380],{},[15,147379,64754],{}," appears 2 times",[148,147382,147383,147385,147386],{},[15,147384,109049],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147387,1490],{},[131,147389,215],{"id":214},[20,147391,147392],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[35,147394,147396],{"className":37,"code":147395,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147397,147398,147446,147450,147472],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147399,147400,147402,147404,147406,147408,147410,147412,147414,147416,147418,147420,147422,147424,147426,147428,147430,147432,147434,147436,147438,147440,147442,147444],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147401,35592],{"class":50},[44,147403,55],{"class":54},[44,147405,8607],{"class":58},[44,147407,236],{"class":235},[44,147409,3450],{"class":239},[44,147411,236],{"class":235},[44,147413,66],{"class":58},[44,147415,247],{"class":235},[44,147417,3459],{"class":239},[44,147419,236],{"class":235},[44,147421,66],{"class":58},[44,147423,247],{"class":235},[44,147425,3450],{"class":239},[44,147427,236],{"class":235},[44,147429,66],{"class":58},[44,147431,247],{"class":235},[44,147433,32571],{"class":239},[44,147435,236],{"class":235},[44,147437,66],{"class":58},[44,147439,247],{"class":235},[44,147441,3450],{"class":239},[44,147443,236],{"class":235},[44,147445,108],{"class":58},[44,147447,147448],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,147449,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,147451,147452,147454,147456,147458,147460,147462,147464,147466,147468,147470],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,147453,644],{"class":50},[44,147455,55],{"class":54},[44,147457,52213],{"class":50},[44,147459,86],{"class":58},[44,147461,40616],{"class":89},[44,147463,103],{"class":58},[44,147465,236],{"class":235},[44,147467,3450],{"class":239},[44,147469,236],{"class":235},[44,147471,108],{"class":58},[44,147473,147474,147476,147478,147480],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,147475,100],{"class":99},[44,147477,103],{"class":58},[44,147479,668],{"class":89},[44,147481,108],{"class":58},[20,147483,111],{},[35,147485,147486],{"className":37,"code":45976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,147487,147488],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147489,147490],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147491,45976],{"class":62},[20,147493,147494,147496,147497,772,147499,86],{},[15,147495,57193],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,147498,56650],{},[15,147500,1432],{},[131,147502,37375],{"id":37374},[20,147504,56904,147505,127988],{},[15,147506,56650],{},[145,147508,147509,147514,147519,147522],{},[148,147510,156,147511,147513],{},[15,147512,1490],{}," when the value does not exist",[148,147515,156,147516,147518],{},[15,147517,63],{}," when the value appears once",[148,147520,147521],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[148,147523,147524,147525,147527],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,147526,6369],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,147529,1578],{},[35,147531,147533],{"className":37,"code":147532,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,147534,147535,147576,147580,147607],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147536,147537,147540,147542,147544,147546,147548,147550,147552,147554,147556,147558,147560,147562,147564,147566,147568,147570,147572,147574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147538,147539],{"class":50},"answers ",[44,147541,55],{"class":54},[44,147543,8607],{"class":58},[44,147545,236],{"class":235},[44,147547,8031],{"class":239},[44,147549,236],{"class":235},[44,147551,66],{"class":58},[44,147553,247],{"class":235},[44,147555,7971],{"class":239},[44,147557,236],{"class":235},[44,147559,66],{"class":58},[44,147561,247],{"class":235},[44,147563,8031],{"class":239},[44,147565,236],{"class":235},[44,147567,66],{"class":58},[44,147569,247],{"class":235},[44,147571,8031],{"class":239},[44,147573,236],{"class":235},[44,147575,108],{"class":58},[44,147577,147578],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,147579,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,147581,147582,147584,147587,147589,147591,147593,147595,147597,147599,147601,147603,147605],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,147583,6369],{"class":3245},[44,147585,147586],{"class":50}," answers",[44,147588,86],{"class":58},[44,147590,40616],{"class":89},[44,147592,103],{"class":58},[44,147594,236],{"class":235},[44,147596,8031],{"class":239},[44,147598,236],{"class":235},[44,147600,3032],{"class":58},[44,147602,37751],{"class":54},[44,147604,4867],{"class":62},[44,147606,5764],{"class":58},[44,147608,147609,147611,147613,147615,147618,147620],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,147610,7442],{"class":99},[44,147612,103],{"class":58},[44,147614,236],{"class":235},[44,147616,147617],{"class":239},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[44,147619,236],{"class":235},[44,147621,108],{"class":58},[20,147623,111],{},[35,147625,147627],{"className":37,"code":147626,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,147628,147629],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147630,147631,147634,147636,147638,147640,147643],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147632,147633],{"class":50},"The answer ",[44,147635,1018],{"class":235},[44,147637,8031],{"class":239},[44,147639,1018],{"class":235},[44,147641,147642],{"class":50}," appears more than once",[44,147644,121632],{"class":58},[131,147646,40402],{"id":40401},[20,147648,34758,147649,103816],{},[15,147650,147125],{},[145,147652,147653,147656,147659,147662],{},[148,147654,147655],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[148,147657,147658],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[148,147660,147661],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[148,147663,147664],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,147666,1578],{},[35,147668,147670],{"className":37,"code":147669,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,147671,147672,147700,147704,147726],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147673,147674,147676,147678,147680,147682,147684,147686,147688,147690,147692,147694,147696,147698],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147675,4434],{"class":50},[44,147677,55],{"class":54},[44,147679,8607],{"class":58},[44,147681,1701],{"class":62},[44,147683,66],{"class":58},[44,147685,7163],{"class":62},[44,147687,66],{"class":58},[44,147689,5375],{"class":62},[44,147691,66],{"class":58},[44,147693,7168],{"class":62},[44,147695,66],{"class":58},[44,147697,5375],{"class":62},[44,147699,108],{"class":58},[44,147701,147702],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,147703,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,147705,147706,147708,147710,147712,147714,147716,147718,147720,147722,147724],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,147707,6369],{"class":3245},[44,147709,4481],{"class":50},[44,147711,86],{"class":58},[44,147713,40616],{"class":89},[44,147715,103],{"class":58},[44,147717,1701],{"class":62},[44,147719,3032],{"class":58},[44,147721,50649],{"class":54},[44,147723,69],{"class":62},[44,147725,5764],{"class":58},[44,147727,147728,147730,147732,147734,147737,147739],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,147729,7442],{"class":99},[44,147731,103],{"class":58},[44,147733,236],{"class":235},[44,147735,147736],{"class":239},"The score 10 is repeated.",[44,147738,236],{"class":235},[44,147740,108],{"class":58},[20,147742,111],{},[35,147744,147746],{"className":37,"code":147745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,147747,147748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147749,147750,147753,147755,147757,147760],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147751,147752],{"class":50},"The score ",[44,147754,1701],{"class":62},[44,147756,7470],{"class":54},[44,147758,147759],{"class":50}," repeated",[44,147761,121632],{"class":58},[131,147763,147765],{"id":147764},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,147767,147768],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[145,147770,147771,147777,147782,147785],{},[148,147772,147773,147774,147776],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,147775,56650],{}," still works because it only reads data",[148,147778,147779,147781],{},[15,147780,56650],{}," counts exact matches",[148,147783,147784],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[148,147786,147787,342,147789,147791],{},[15,147788,63],{},[15,147790,41515],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,147793,1578],{},[35,147795,147797],{"className":37,"code":147796,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,147798,147799,147833,147837,147857,147881],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147800,147801,147803,147805,147807,147809,147811,147814,147816,147818,147821,147823,147825,147827,147829,147831],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147802,3191],{"class":50},[44,147804,55],{"class":54},[44,147806,8607],{"class":58},[44,147808,63],{"class":62},[44,147810,66],{"class":58},[44,147812,147813],{"class":62}," 1.0",[44,147815,66],{"class":58},[44,147817,247],{"class":235},[44,147819,147820],{"class":239},"Cat",[44,147822,236],{"class":235},[44,147824,66],{"class":58},[44,147826,247],{"class":235},[44,147828,36401],{"class":239},[44,147830,236],{"class":235},[44,147832,108],{"class":58},[44,147834,147835],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,147836,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,147838,147839,147841,147843,147845,147847,147849,147851,147853,147855],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,147840,100],{"class":99},[44,147842,103],{"class":58},[44,147844,4727],{"class":89},[44,147846,86],{"class":58},[44,147848,40616],{"class":89},[44,147850,103],{"class":58},[44,147852,63],{"class":62},[44,147854,4730],{"class":58},[44,147856,50455],{"class":3035},[44,147858,147859,147861,147863,147865,147867,147869,147871,147873,147875,147877,147879],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,147860,100],{"class":99},[44,147862,103],{"class":58},[44,147864,4727],{"class":89},[44,147866,86],{"class":58},[44,147868,40616],{"class":89},[44,147870,103],{"class":58},[44,147872,236],{"class":235},[44,147874,147820],{"class":239},[44,147876,236],{"class":235},[44,147878,4730],{"class":58},[44,147880,27128],{"class":3035},[44,147882,147883,147885,147887,147889,147891,147893,147895,147897,147899,147901,147903],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,147884,100],{"class":99},[44,147886,103],{"class":58},[44,147888,4727],{"class":89},[44,147890,86],{"class":58},[44,147892,40616],{"class":89},[44,147894,103],{"class":58},[44,147896,236],{"class":235},[44,147898,36401],{"class":239},[44,147900,236],{"class":235},[44,147902,4730],{"class":58},[44,147904,27128],{"class":3035},[20,147906,4526,147907,4529,147910,1239],{},[15,147908,147909],{},"values.count(1)",[15,147911,1426],{},[20,147913,8159,147914,4153,147917,147919],{},[15,147915,147916],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,147918,2974],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[131,147921,2200],{"id":2199},[347,147923,350,147925,147927],{"id":147924},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,147926,40616],{}," without parentheses",[20,147929,147930],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[35,147932,147934],{"className":37,"code":147933,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,147935,147936,147960],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147937,147938,147940,147942,147944,147946,147948,147950,147952,147954,147956,147958],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147939,51],{"class":50},[44,147941,55],{"class":54},[44,147943,8607],{"class":58},[44,147945,63],{"class":62},[44,147947,66],{"class":58},[44,147949,69],{"class":62},[44,147951,66],{"class":58},[44,147953,69],{"class":62},[44,147955,66],{"class":58},[44,147957,74],{"class":62},[44,147959,108],{"class":58},[44,147961,147962,147964,147966,147968,147970,147972],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,147963,100],{"class":99},[44,147965,103],{"class":58},[44,147967,83],{"class":89},[44,147969,86],{"class":58},[44,147971,40616],{"class":24098},[44,147973,108],{"class":58},[20,147975,147976],{},"To call the method correctly:",[35,147978,147980],{"className":37,"code":147979,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,147981,147982],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147983,147984,147986,147988,147990,147992,147994,147996,147998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147985,100],{"class":99},[44,147987,103],{"class":58},[44,147989,83],{"class":89},[44,147991,86],{"class":58},[44,147993,40616],{"class":89},[44,147995,103],{"class":58},[44,147997,1426],{"class":62},[44,147999,993],{"class":58},[347,148001,923,148002,7829,148004,945,148006],{"id":57953},[15,148003,56650],{},[15,148005,2974],{},[15,148007,3046],{},[20,148009,148010,57964],{},[15,148011,56650],{},[35,148013,148015],{"className":37,"code":148014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148016,148017,148049,148071,148075],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148018,148019,148021,148023,148025,148027,148029,148031,148033,148035,148037,148039,148041,148043,148045,148047],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148020,35444],{"class":50},[44,148022,55],{"class":54},[44,148024,8607],{"class":58},[44,148026,236],{"class":235},[44,148028,167],{"class":239},[44,148030,236],{"class":235},[44,148032,66],{"class":58},[44,148034,247],{"class":235},[44,148036,1164],{"class":239},[44,148038,236],{"class":235},[44,148040,66],{"class":58},[44,148042,247],{"class":235},[44,148044,167],{"class":239},[44,148046,236],{"class":235},[44,148048,108],{"class":58},[44,148050,148051,148053,148055,148057,148059,148061,148063,148065,148067,148069],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,148052,644],{"class":50},[44,148054,55],{"class":54},[44,148056,69458],{"class":50},[44,148058,86],{"class":58},[44,148060,40616],{"class":89},[44,148062,103],{"class":58},[44,148064,236],{"class":235},[44,148066,167],{"class":239},[44,148068,236],{"class":235},[44,148070,108],{"class":58},[44,148072,148073],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,148074,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,148076,148077,148079,148081,148083,148085],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,148078,100],{"class":99},[44,148080,103],{"class":58},[44,148082,668],{"class":89},[44,148084,3032],{"class":58},[44,148086,50776],{"class":3035},[20,148088,148089,148090,148092],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148091,3252],{}," is often simpler:",[35,148094,148096],{"className":37,"code":148095,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148097,148098],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148099,148100,148102,148104,148106,148108,148110,148112,148114,148116],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148101,100],{"class":99},[44,148103,103],{"class":58},[44,148105,236],{"class":235},[44,148107,167],{"class":239},[44,148109,236],{"class":235},[44,148111,20521],{"class":3245},[44,148113,69458],{"class":89},[44,148115,3032],{"class":58},[44,148117,3036],{"class":3035},[347,148119,36558,148121,8078,148123],{"id":148120},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148122,147125],{},[15,148124,56655],{},[20,148126,148127],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148129,148130],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[347,148132,148134],{"id":148133},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148136,148137,148139],{},[15,148138,56650],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[35,148141,148143],{"className":37,"code":148142,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148144,148145,148178,148204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148146,148147,148149,148151,148153,148155,148157,148159,148161,148163,148166,148168,148170,148172,148174,148176],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148148,3441],{"class":50},[44,148150,55],{"class":54},[44,148152,8607],{"class":58},[44,148154,236],{"class":235},[44,148156,3450],{"class":239},[44,148158,236],{"class":235},[44,148160,66],{"class":58},[44,148162,247],{"class":235},[44,148164,148165],{"class":239},"pineapple",[44,148167,236],{"class":235},[44,148169,66],{"class":58},[44,148171,247],{"class":235},[44,148173,3450],{"class":239},[44,148175,236],{"class":235},[44,148177,108],{"class":58},[44,148179,148180,148182,148184,148186,148188,148190,148192,148194,148197,148199,148201],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,148181,100],{"class":99},[44,148183,103],{"class":58},[44,148185,3485],{"class":89},[44,148187,86],{"class":58},[44,148189,40616],{"class":89},[44,148191,103],{"class":58},[44,148193,236],{"class":235},[44,148195,148196],{"class":239},"app",[44,148198,236],{"class":235},[44,148200,4730],{"class":58},[44,148202,148203],{"class":3035},"    # 0\n",[44,148205,148206,148208,148210,148212,148214,148216,148218,148220,148222,148224,148226],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,148207,100],{"class":99},[44,148209,103],{"class":58},[44,148211,3485],{"class":89},[44,148213,86],{"class":58},[44,148215,40616],{"class":89},[44,148217,103],{"class":58},[44,148219,236],{"class":235},[44,148221,3450],{"class":239},[44,148223,236],{"class":235},[44,148225,4730],{"class":58},[44,148227,50776],{"class":3035},[20,148229,148230,148233,148234,86],{},[15,148231,148232],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148235,1490],{},[131,148237,148239],{"id":148238},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148241,148242],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[145,148244,148245,148250,148259,148265],{},[148,148246,1462,148247,148249],{},[15,148248,3252],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[148,148251,1462,148252,148258],{},[167,148253,148255,148256],{"href":148254},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148257,58328],{}," to find the position of a value",[148,148260,1462,148261,148264],{},[15,148262,148263],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[148,148266,148267],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148269,45399,148270,2255],{},[15,148271,3252],{},[35,148273,148275],{"className":37,"code":148274,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148276,148277,148297,148301,148317],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148278,148279,148281,148283,148285,148287,148289,148291,148293,148295],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148280,51],{"class":50},[44,148282,55],{"class":54},[44,148284,8607],{"class":58},[44,148286,1875],{"class":62},[44,148288,66],{"class":58},[44,148290,5364],{"class":62},[44,148292,66],{"class":58},[44,148294,53498],{"class":62},[44,148296,108],{"class":58},[44,148298,148299],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,148300,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,148302,148303,148305,148307,148309,148311,148313,148315],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,148304,100],{"class":99},[44,148306,103],{"class":58},[44,148308,1394],{"class":62},[44,148310,20521],{"class":3245},[44,148312,649],{"class":89},[44,148314,3032],{"class":58},[44,148316,43213],{"class":3035},[44,148318,148319,148321,148323,148325,148327,148329,148331],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,148320,100],{"class":99},[44,148322,103],{"class":58},[44,148324,1507],{"class":62},[44,148326,20521],{"class":3245},[44,148328,649],{"class":89},[44,148330,3032],{"class":58},[44,148332,43230],{"class":3035},[20,148334,45399,148335,2255],{},[15,148336,58328],{},[35,148338,148340],{"className":37,"code":148339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148341,148342,148366],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148343,148344,148346,148348,148350,148352,148354,148356,148358,148360,148362,148364],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148345,51],{"class":50},[44,148347,55],{"class":54},[44,148349,8607],{"class":58},[44,148351,1875],{"class":62},[44,148353,66],{"class":58},[44,148355,5364],{"class":62},[44,148357,66],{"class":58},[44,148359,53498],{"class":62},[44,148361,66],{"class":58},[44,148363,5364],{"class":62},[44,148365,108],{"class":58},[44,148367,148368,148370,148372,148374,148376,148378,148380,148382,148384],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,148369,100],{"class":99},[44,148371,103],{"class":58},[44,148373,83],{"class":89},[44,148375,86],{"class":58},[44,148377,35199],{"class":89},[44,148379,103],{"class":58},[44,148381,1394],{"class":62},[44,148383,4730],{"class":58},[44,148385,27128],{"class":3035},[20,148387,148388,148390,148391,148393,148395],{},[15,148389,56650],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[577,148392],{},[15,148394,58328],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[131,148397,1196],{"id":1195},[347,148399,1200,148401,1203],{"id":148400},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148402,147125],{},[20,148404,148405],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[347,148407,1212,148409,148411],{"id":148408},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148410,147125],{}," change the tuple?",[20,148413,148414],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[347,148416,148418],{"id":148417},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,148420,11269,148421,86],{},[15,148422,1490],{},[347,148424,4538,148426,148428],{"id":148425},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,148427,147125],{}," count strings?",[20,148430,148431],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[347,148433,1234,148435,342,148437,1239],{"id":148434},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,148436,147125],{},[15,148438,148439],{},"tuple.index()",[20,148441,148442,148444,148445,148447],{},[15,148443,56650],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,148446,58328],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[131,148449,1251],{"id":1250},[145,148451,148452,148456,148461,148468,148476],{},[148,148453,148454],{},[167,148455,147234],{"href":147233},[148,148457,148458],{},[167,148459,148460],{"href":147237},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[148,148462,148463],{},[167,148464,148465,148466,1272],{"href":148254},"Python tuple ",[15,148467,58328],{},[148,148469,148470],{},[167,148471,148473,148474],{"href":148472},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,148475,41718],{},[148,148477,148478],{},[167,148479,58316],{"href":58315},[1294,148481,148482],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":148484},[148485,148487,148490,148491,148492,148493,148494,148502,148503,148514],{"id":147201,"depth":80,"text":148486},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147241,"depth":80,"text":147242,"children":148488},[148489],{"id":102352,"depth":96,"text":102353},{"id":214,"depth":80,"text":215},{"id":37374,"depth":80,"text":37375},{"id":40401,"depth":80,"text":40402},{"id":147764,"depth":80,"text":147765},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200,"children":148495},[148496,148498,148499,148501],{"id":147924,"depth":96,"text":148497},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":57953,"depth":96,"text":58369},{"id":148120,"depth":96,"text":148500},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148133,"depth":96,"text":148134},{"id":148238,"depth":80,"text":148239},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":148504},[148505,148507,148509,148510,148512],{"id":148400,"depth":96,"text":148506},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148408,"depth":96,"text":148508},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148417,"depth":96,"text":148418},{"id":148425,"depth":96,"text":148511},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148434,"depth":96,"text":148513},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147112,"description":148515},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":148522,"title":148523,"body":148524,"description":150211,"extension":1331,"meta":150212,"navigation":268,"path":150213,"seo":150214,"stem":150215,"__hash__":150216},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":148525,"toc":150174},[148526,148529,148532,148541,148543,148673,148675,148736,148742,148744,148764,148768,148771,148774,148809,148811,148832,148835,148874,148876,148901,148908,148912,148915,148952,148954,148977,148980,148983,148995,149001,149005,149008,149014,149055,149057,149080,149083,149124,149126,149153,149155,149172,149174,149191,149194,149198,149201,149203,149237,149239,149286,149290,149329,149333,149336,149393,149395,149436,149442,149448,149453,149455,149492,149494,149514,149516,149549,149551,149584,149587,149591,149624,149626,149651,149654,149656,149670,149677,149679,149682,149686,149689,149724,149727,149762,149766,149769,149808,149811,149850,149854,149856,149886,149889,149896,149898,149930,149933,149965,149968,149999,150001,150018,150022,150025,150089,150091,150095,150102,150106,150109,150113,150116,150120,150123,150128,150134,150136,150171],[10,148527,148523],{"id":148528},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,148530,148531],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,148533,148534,148535,945,148539,86],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[167,148536,148538],{"href":148537},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[167,148540,147234],{"href":147233},[131,148542,1372],{"id":1371},[35,148544,148546],{"className":37,"code":148545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,148547,148548,148568,148577,148591,148627,148631,148641,148651,148662],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148549,148550,148552,148554,148556,148558,148560,148562,148564,148566],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148551,51],{"class":50},[44,148553,55],{"class":54},[44,148555,8607],{"class":58},[44,148557,63],{"class":62},[44,148559,66],{"class":58},[44,148561,69],{"class":62},[44,148563,66],{"class":58},[44,148565,74],{"class":62},[44,148567,108],{"class":58},[44,148569,148570,148572,148574],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,148571,124098],{"class":50},[44,148573,55],{"class":54},[44,148575,148576],{"class":58}," ()\n",[44,148578,148579,148582,148584,148586,148588],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,148580,148581],{"class":50},"one_item ",[44,148583,55],{"class":54},[44,148585,8607],{"class":58},[44,148587,1507],{"class":62},[44,148589,148590],{"class":58},",)\n",[44,148592,148593,148596,148598,148601,148603,148605,148607,148609,148611,148613,148615,148617,148619,148621,148623,148625],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,148594,148595],{"class":50},"from_list ",[44,148597,55],{"class":54},[44,148599,148600],{"class":121}," tuple",[44,148602,2357],{"class":58},[44,148604,236],{"class":235},[44,148606,167],{"class":239},[44,148608,236],{"class":235},[44,148610,66],{"class":58},[44,148612,247],{"class":235},[44,148614,1164],{"class":239},[44,148616,236],{"class":235},[44,148618,66],{"class":58},[44,148620,247],{"class":235},[44,148622,9109],{"class":239},[44,148624,236],{"class":235},[44,148626,3258],{"class":58},[44,148628,148629],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,148630,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,148632,148633,148635,148637,148639],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,148634,100],{"class":99},[44,148636,103],{"class":58},[44,148638,83],{"class":89},[44,148640,108],{"class":58},[44,148642,148643,148645,148647,148649],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,148644,100],{"class":99},[44,148646,103],{"class":58},[44,148648,124149],{"class":89},[44,148650,108],{"class":58},[44,148652,148653,148655,148657,148660],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,148654,100],{"class":99},[44,148656,103],{"class":58},[44,148658,148659],{"class":89},"one_item",[44,148661,108],{"class":58},[44,148663,148664,148666,148668,148671],{"class":46,"line":5802},[44,148665,100],{"class":99},[44,148667,103],{"class":58},[44,148669,148670],{"class":89},"from_list",[44,148672,108],{"class":58},[20,148674,111],{},[35,148676,148678],{"className":37,"code":148677,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,148679,148680,148696,148700,148708],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148681,148682,148684,148686,148688,148690,148692,148694],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148683,103],{"class":58},[44,148685,63],{"class":62},[44,148687,66],{"class":58},[44,148689,69],{"class":62},[44,148691,66],{"class":58},[44,148693,74],{"class":62},[44,148695,108],{"class":58},[44,148697,148698],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,148699,93],{"class":58},[44,148701,148702,148704,148706],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,148703,103],{"class":58},[44,148705,1507],{"class":62},[44,148707,148590],{"class":58},[44,148709,148710,148712,148714,148716,148718,148720,148722,148724,148726,148728,148730,148732,148734],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,148711,103],{"class":58},[44,148713,1018],{"class":235},[44,148715,167],{"class":239},[44,148717,1018],{"class":235},[44,148719,66],{"class":58},[44,148721,1012],{"class":235},[44,148723,1164],{"class":239},[44,148725,1018],{"class":235},[44,148727,66],{"class":58},[44,148729,1012],{"class":235},[44,148731,9109],{"class":239},[44,148733,1018],{"class":235},[44,148735,108],{"class":58},[20,148737,148738,148739,86],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,148740,148741],{},"(5,)",[131,148743,14516],{"id":14515},[145,148745,148746,148749,148752,148755,148758,148761],{},[148,148747,148748],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[148,148750,148751],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[148,148753,148754],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[148,148756,148757],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[148,148759,148760],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[148,148762,148763],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[131,148765,148767],{"id":148766},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,148769,148770],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,148772,148773],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[35,148775,148777],{"className":37,"code":148776,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,148778,148779,148799],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148780,148781,148783,148785,148787,148789,148791,148793,148795,148797],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148782,51],{"class":50},[44,148784,55],{"class":54},[44,148786,8607],{"class":58},[44,148788,63],{"class":62},[44,148790,66],{"class":58},[44,148792,69],{"class":62},[44,148794,66],{"class":58},[44,148796,74],{"class":62},[44,148798,108],{"class":58},[44,148800,148801,148803,148805,148807],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,148802,100],{"class":99},[44,148804,103],{"class":58},[44,148806,83],{"class":89},[44,148808,108],{"class":58},[20,148810,111],{},[35,148812,148814],{"className":37,"code":148813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,148815,148816],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148817,148818,148820,148822,148824,148826,148828,148830],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148819,103],{"class":58},[44,148821,63],{"class":62},[44,148823,66],{"class":58},[44,148825,69],{"class":62},[44,148827,66],{"class":58},[44,148829,74],{"class":62},[44,148831,108],{"class":58},[20,148833,148834],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[35,148836,148838],{"className":37,"code":148837,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,148839,148840,148864],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148841,148842,148844,148846,148848,148850,148852,148854,148856,148858,148860,148862],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148843,8536],{"class":50},[44,148845,55],{"class":54},[44,148847,8607],{"class":58},[44,148849,63],{"class":62},[44,148851,66],{"class":58},[44,148853,247],{"class":235},[44,148855,3450],{"class":239},[44,148857,236],{"class":235},[44,148859,66],{"class":58},[44,148861,3286],{"class":692},[44,148863,108],{"class":58},[44,148865,148866,148868,148870,148872],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,148867,100],{"class":99},[44,148869,103],{"class":58},[44,148871,8575],{"class":89},[44,148873,108],{"class":58},[20,148875,111],{},[35,148877,148879],{"className":37,"code":148878,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,148880,148881],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148882,148883,148885,148887,148889,148891,148893,148895,148897,148899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148884,103],{"class":58},[44,148886,63],{"class":62},[44,148888,66],{"class":58},[44,148890,1012],{"class":235},[44,148892,3450],{"class":239},[44,148894,1018],{"class":235},[44,148896,66],{"class":58},[44,148898,3286],{"class":692},[44,148900,108],{"class":58},[20,148902,148903,148904,86],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[167,148905,148907],{"href":148906},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[131,148909,148911],{"id":148910},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,148913,148914],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[35,148916,148918],{"className":37,"code":148917,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,148919,148920,148928,148938],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148921,148922,148924,148926],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148923,124098],{"class":50},[44,148925,55],{"class":54},[44,148927,148576],{"class":58},[44,148929,148930,148932,148934,148936],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,148931,100],{"class":99},[44,148933,103],{"class":58},[44,148935,124149],{"class":89},[44,148937,108],{"class":58},[44,148939,148940,148942,148944,148946,148948,148950],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,148941,100],{"class":99},[44,148943,103],{"class":58},[44,148945,985],{"class":121},[44,148947,103],{"class":58},[44,148949,124149],{"class":89},[44,148951,993],{"class":58},[20,148953,111],{},[35,148955,148957],{"className":37,"code":148956,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,148958,148959,148963],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148960,148961],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148962,93],{"class":58},[44,148964,148965,148967,148969,148971,148973,148975],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,148966,1005],{"class":54},[44,148968,1009],{"class":1008},[44,148970,1012],{"class":235},[44,148972,48313],{"class":239},[44,148974,1018],{"class":235},[44,148976,1021],{"class":54},[20,148978,148979],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,148981,148982],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[145,148984,148985,148990],{},[148,148986,148987,148988],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,148989,6738],{},[148,148991,148992,148993],{},"Empty list: ",[15,148994,3157],{},[20,148996,148997,148998,86],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[167,148999,149000],{"href":56513},"Python list: creating a list",[131,149002,149004],{"id":149003},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149006,149007],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149009,149010,149011,149013],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[30,149012,604],{}," automatically a tuple:",[35,149015,149017],{"className":37,"code":149016,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149018,149019,149031,149041],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149020,149021,149023,149025,149027,149029],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149022,1817],{"class":50},[44,149024,55],{"class":54},[44,149026,8607],{"class":58},[44,149028,1507],{"class":62},[44,149030,108],{"class":58},[44,149032,149033,149035,149037,149039],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149034,100],{"class":99},[44,149036,103],{"class":58},[44,149038,1843],{"class":89},[44,149040,108],{"class":58},[44,149042,149043,149045,149047,149049,149051,149053],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,149044,100],{"class":99},[44,149046,103],{"class":58},[44,149048,985],{"class":121},[44,149050,103],{"class":58},[44,149052,1843],{"class":89},[44,149054,993],{"class":58},[20,149056,111],{},[35,149058,149060],{"className":37,"code":149059,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149061,149062,149066],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149063,149064],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149065,2318],{"class":62},[44,149067,149068,149070,149072,149074,149076,149078],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149069,1005],{"class":54},[44,149071,1009],{"class":1008},[44,149073,1012],{"class":235},[44,149075,1558],{"class":239},[44,149077,1018],{"class":235},[44,149079,1021],{"class":54},[20,149081,149082],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[35,149084,149086],{"className":37,"code":149085,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149087,149088,149100,149110],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149089,149090,149092,149094,149096,149098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149091,148581],{"class":50},[44,149093,55],{"class":54},[44,149095,8607],{"class":58},[44,149097,1507],{"class":62},[44,149099,148590],{"class":58},[44,149101,149102,149104,149106,149108],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149103,100],{"class":99},[44,149105,103],{"class":58},[44,149107,148659],{"class":89},[44,149109,108],{"class":58},[44,149111,149112,149114,149116,149118,149120,149122],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,149113,100],{"class":99},[44,149115,103],{"class":58},[44,149117,985],{"class":121},[44,149119,103],{"class":58},[44,149121,148659],{"class":89},[44,149123,993],{"class":58},[20,149125,111],{},[35,149127,149129],{"className":37,"code":149128,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149130,149131,149139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149132,149133,149135,149137],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149134,103],{"class":58},[44,149136,1507],{"class":62},[44,149138,148590],{"class":58},[44,149140,149141,149143,149145,149147,149149,149151],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149142,1005],{"class":54},[44,149144,1009],{"class":1008},[44,149146,1012],{"class":235},[44,149148,48313],{"class":239},[44,149150,1018],{"class":235},[44,149152,1021],{"class":54},[20,149154,862],{},[35,149156,149158],{"className":37,"code":149157,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149159,149160],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149161,149162,149164,149166,149168,149170],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149163,103],{"class":58},[44,149165,236],{"class":235},[44,149167,3450],{"class":239},[44,149169,236],{"class":235},[44,149171,148590],{"class":58},[20,149173,798],{},[35,149175,149177],{"className":37,"code":149176,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149178,149179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149180,149181,149183,149185,149187,149189],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149182,103],{"class":58},[44,149184,236],{"class":235},[44,149186,3450],{"class":239},[44,149188,236],{"class":235},[44,149190,108],{"class":58},[20,149192,149193],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[131,149195,149197],{"id":149196},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149199,149200],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[347,149202,55821],{"id":83},[35,149204,149205],{"className":37,"code":148776,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,149206,149207,149227],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149208,149209,149211,149213,149215,149217,149219,149221,149223,149225],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149210,51],{"class":50},[44,149212,55],{"class":54},[44,149214,8607],{"class":58},[44,149216,63],{"class":62},[44,149218,66],{"class":58},[44,149220,69],{"class":62},[44,149222,66],{"class":58},[44,149224,74],{"class":62},[44,149226,108],{"class":58},[44,149228,149229,149231,149233,149235],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149230,100],{"class":99},[44,149232,103],{"class":58},[44,149234,83],{"class":89},[44,149236,108],{"class":58},[347,149238,55824],{"id":4677},[35,149240,149242],{"className":37,"code":149241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149243,149244,149276],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149245,149246,149248,149250,149252,149254,149256,149258,149260,149262,149264,149266,149268,149270,149272,149274],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149247,228],{"class":50},[44,149249,55],{"class":54},[44,149251,8607],{"class":58},[44,149253,236],{"class":235},[44,149255,240],{"class":239},[44,149257,236],{"class":235},[44,149259,66],{"class":58},[44,149261,247],{"class":235},[44,149263,250],{"class":239},[44,149265,236],{"class":235},[44,149267,66],{"class":58},[44,149269,247],{"class":235},[44,149271,259],{"class":239},[44,149273,236],{"class":235},[44,149275,108],{"class":58},[44,149277,149278,149280,149282,149284],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149279,100],{"class":99},[44,149281,103],{"class":58},[44,149283,274],{"class":89},[44,149285,108],{"class":58},[347,149287,149289],{"id":149288},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[35,149291,149293],{"className":37,"code":149292,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149294,149295,149319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149296,149297,149299,149301,149303,149305,149307,149309,149311,149313,149315,149317],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149298,58833],{"class":50},[44,149300,55],{"class":54},[44,149302,8607],{"class":58},[44,149304,63],{"class":62},[44,149306,66],{"class":58},[44,149308,247],{"class":235},[44,149310,3450],{"class":239},[44,149312,236],{"class":235},[44,149314,66],{"class":58},[44,149316,3286],{"class":692},[44,149318,108],{"class":58},[44,149320,149321,149323,149325,149327],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149322,100],{"class":99},[44,149324,103],{"class":58},[44,149326,58886],{"class":89},[44,149328,108],{"class":58},[347,149330,149332],{"id":149331},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149334,149335],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[35,149337,149339],{"className":37,"code":149338,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149340,149341,149382],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149342,149343,149346,149348,149350,149352,149354,149356,149358,149360,149362,149364,149366,149368,149370,149372,149374,149376,149378,149380],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149344,149345],{"class":50},"nested ",[44,149347,55],{"class":54},[44,149349,8607],{"class":58},[44,149351,63],{"class":62},[44,149353,66],{"class":58},[44,149355,8607],{"class":58},[44,149357,236],{"class":235},[44,149359,167],{"class":239},[44,149361,236],{"class":235},[44,149363,66],{"class":58},[44,149365,247],{"class":235},[44,149367,1164],{"class":239},[44,149369,236],{"class":235},[44,149371,8604],{"class":58},[44,149373,2993],{"class":58},[44,149375,1701],{"class":62},[44,149377,66],{"class":58},[44,149379,7163],{"class":62},[44,149381,3258],{"class":58},[44,149383,149384,149386,149388,149391],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149385,100],{"class":99},[44,149387,103],{"class":58},[44,149389,149390],{"class":89},"nested",[44,149392,108],{"class":58},[20,149394,111],{},[35,149396,149398],{"className":37,"code":149397,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149399,149400],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149401,149402,149404,149406,149408,149410,149412,149414,149416,149418,149420,149422,149424,149426,149428,149430,149432,149434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149403,103],{"class":58},[44,149405,63],{"class":62},[44,149407,66],{"class":58},[44,149409,8607],{"class":58},[44,149411,1018],{"class":235},[44,149413,167],{"class":239},[44,149415,1018],{"class":235},[44,149417,66],{"class":58},[44,149419,1012],{"class":235},[44,149421,1164],{"class":239},[44,149423,1018],{"class":235},[44,149425,8604],{"class":58},[44,149427,2993],{"class":58},[44,149429,1701],{"class":62},[44,149431,66],{"class":58},[44,149433,7163],{"class":62},[44,149435,3258],{"class":58},[131,149437,149439,149440],{"id":149438},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,149441,37401],{},[20,149443,149444,149445,149447],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,149446,37401],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,149449,149450,149451,86],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[167,149452,62579],{"href":62578},[347,149454,104493],{"id":104492},[35,149456,149458],{"className":37,"code":149457,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149459,149460,149482],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149461,149462,149464,149466,149468,149470,149472,149474,149476,149478,149480],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149463,51],{"class":50},[44,149465,55],{"class":54},[44,149467,148600],{"class":121},[44,149469,2357],{"class":58},[44,149471,63],{"class":62},[44,149473,66],{"class":58},[44,149475,69],{"class":62},[44,149477,66],{"class":58},[44,149479,74],{"class":62},[44,149481,3258],{"class":58},[44,149483,149484,149486,149488,149490],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149485,100],{"class":99},[44,149487,103],{"class":58},[44,149489,83],{"class":89},[44,149491,108],{"class":58},[20,149493,111],{},[35,149495,149496],{"className":37,"code":148813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,149497,149498],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149499,149500,149502,149504,149506,149508,149510,149512],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149501,103],{"class":58},[44,149503,63],{"class":62},[44,149505,66],{"class":58},[44,149507,69],{"class":62},[44,149509,66],{"class":58},[44,149511,74],{"class":62},[44,149513,108],{"class":58},[347,149515,104679],{"id":104678},[35,149517,149519],{"className":37,"code":149518,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,149520,149521,149539],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149522,149523,149525,149527,149529,149531,149533,149535,149537],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149524,35444],{"class":50},[44,149526,55],{"class":54},[44,149528,148600],{"class":121},[44,149530,103],{"class":58},[44,149532,236],{"class":235},[44,149534,40917],{"class":239},[44,149536,236],{"class":235},[44,149538,108],{"class":58},[44,149540,149541,149543,149545,149547],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149542,100],{"class":99},[44,149544,103],{"class":58},[44,149546,35497],{"class":89},[44,149548,108],{"class":58},[20,149550,111],{},[35,149552,149554],{"className":37,"code":149553,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149555,149556],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149557,149558,149560,149562,149564,149566,149568,149570,149572,149574,149576,149578,149580,149582],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149559,103],{"class":58},[44,149561,1018],{"class":235},[44,149563,167],{"class":239},[44,149565,1018],{"class":235},[44,149567,66],{"class":58},[44,149569,1012],{"class":235},[44,149571,1164],{"class":239},[44,149573,1018],{"class":235},[44,149575,66],{"class":58},[44,149577,1012],{"class":235},[44,149579,9109],{"class":239},[44,149581,1018],{"class":235},[44,149583,108],{"class":58},[20,149585,149586],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[347,149588,149590],{"id":149589},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[35,149592,149594],{"className":37,"code":149593,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,149595,149596,149614],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149597,149598,149600,149602,149604,149606,149608,149610,149612],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149599,3191],{"class":50},[44,149601,55],{"class":54},[44,149603,148600],{"class":121},[44,149605,103],{"class":58},[44,149607,59359],{"class":99},[44,149609,103],{"class":58},[44,149611,1875],{"class":62},[44,149613,993],{"class":58},[44,149615,149616,149618,149620,149622],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149617,100],{"class":99},[44,149619,103],{"class":58},[44,149621,4727],{"class":89},[44,149623,108],{"class":58},[20,149625,111],{},[35,149627,149629],{"className":37,"code":149628,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149630,149631],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149632,149633,149635,149637,149639,149641,149643,149645,149647,149649],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149634,103],{"class":58},[44,149636,1490],{"class":62},[44,149638,66],{"class":58},[44,149640,4867],{"class":62},[44,149642,66],{"class":58},[44,149644,69],{"class":62},[44,149646,66],{"class":58},[44,149648,74],{"class":62},[44,149650,108],{"class":58},[20,149652,149653],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[131,149655,20148],{"id":20147},[145,149657,149658,149661,149664,149667],{},[148,149659,149660],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[148,149662,149663],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[148,149665,149666],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[148,149668,149669],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,149671,149672,149673,86],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[167,149674,149676],{"href":149675},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[131,149678,2200],{"id":2199},[20,149680,149681],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[347,149683,149685],{"id":149684},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,149687,149688],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[35,149690,149692],{"className":37,"code":149691,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,149693,149694,149710],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149695,149696,149698,149700,149702,149704,149706,149708],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149697,27887],{"class":50},[44,149699,55],{"class":54},[44,149701,8607],{"class":58},[44,149703,236],{"class":235},[44,149705,3450],{"class":239},[44,149707,236],{"class":235},[44,149709,108],{"class":58},[44,149711,149712,149714,149716,149718,149720,149722],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149713,100],{"class":99},[44,149715,103],{"class":58},[44,149717,985],{"class":121},[44,149719,103],{"class":58},[44,149721,22658],{"class":89},[44,149723,993],{"class":58},[20,149725,149726],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[35,149728,149730],{"className":37,"code":149729,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,149731,149732,149748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149733,149734,149736,149738,149740,149742,149744,149746],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149735,27887],{"class":50},[44,149737,55],{"class":54},[44,149739,8607],{"class":58},[44,149741,236],{"class":235},[44,149743,3450],{"class":239},[44,149745,236],{"class":235},[44,149747,148590],{"class":58},[44,149749,149750,149752,149754,149756,149758,149760],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149751,100],{"class":99},[44,149753,103],{"class":58},[44,149755,985],{"class":121},[44,149757,103],{"class":58},[44,149759,22658],{"class":89},[44,149761,993],{"class":58},[347,149763,149765],{"id":149764},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,149767,149768],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[35,149770,149772],{"className":37,"code":149771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,149773,149774,149794],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149775,149776,149778,149780,149782,149784,149786,149788,149790,149792],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149777,3191],{"class":50},[44,149779,55],{"class":54},[44,149781,2993],{"class":58},[44,149783,63],{"class":62},[44,149785,66],{"class":58},[44,149787,69],{"class":62},[44,149789,66],{"class":58},[44,149791,74],{"class":62},[44,149793,3006],{"class":58},[44,149795,149796,149798,149800,149802,149804,149806],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149797,100],{"class":99},[44,149799,103],{"class":58},[44,149801,985],{"class":121},[44,149803,103],{"class":58},[44,149805,4727],{"class":89},[44,149807,993],{"class":58},[20,149809,149810],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[35,149812,149814],{"className":37,"code":149813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,149815,149816,149836],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149817,149818,149820,149822,149824,149826,149828,149830,149832,149834],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149819,3191],{"class":50},[44,149821,55],{"class":54},[44,149823,8607],{"class":58},[44,149825,63],{"class":62},[44,149827,66],{"class":58},[44,149829,69],{"class":62},[44,149831,66],{"class":58},[44,149833,74],{"class":62},[44,149835,108],{"class":58},[44,149837,149838,149840,149842,149844,149846,149848],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149839,100],{"class":99},[44,149841,103],{"class":58},[44,149843,985],{"class":121},[44,149845,103],{"class":58},[44,149847,4727],{"class":89},[44,149849,993],{"class":58},[347,149851,149853],{"id":149852},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,149855,149666],{},[35,149857,149859],{"className":37,"code":149858,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,149860,149861,149881],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149862,149863,149865,149867,149869,149871,149873,149875,149877,149879],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149864,51],{"class":50},[44,149866,55],{"class":54},[44,149868,8607],{"class":58},[44,149870,63],{"class":62},[44,149872,66],{"class":58},[44,149874,69],{"class":62},[44,149876,66],{"class":58},[44,149878,74],{"class":62},[44,149880,108],{"class":58},[44,149882,149883],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149884,149885],{"class":3035},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,149887,149888],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[347,149890,36558,149892,149895],{"id":149891},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,149893,149894],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,149897,64005],{},[35,149899,149900],{"className":37,"code":149518,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,149901,149902,149920],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149903,149904,149906,149908,149910,149912,149914,149916,149918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149905,35444],{"class":50},[44,149907,55],{"class":54},[44,149909,148600],{"class":121},[44,149911,103],{"class":58},[44,149913,236],{"class":235},[44,149915,40917],{"class":239},[44,149917,236],{"class":235},[44,149919,108],{"class":58},[44,149921,149922,149924,149926,149928],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149923,100],{"class":99},[44,149925,103],{"class":58},[44,149927,35497],{"class":89},[44,149929,108],{"class":58},[20,149931,149932],{},"gives:",[35,149934,149935],{"className":37,"code":149553,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,149936,149937],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149938,149939,149941,149943,149945,149947,149949,149951,149953,149955,149957,149959,149961,149963],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149940,103],{"class":58},[44,149942,1018],{"class":235},[44,149944,167],{"class":239},[44,149946,1018],{"class":235},[44,149948,66],{"class":58},[44,149950,1012],{"class":235},[44,149952,1164],{"class":239},[44,149954,1018],{"class":235},[44,149956,66],{"class":58},[44,149958,1012],{"class":235},[44,149960,9109],{"class":239},[44,149962,1018],{"class":235},[44,149964,108],{"class":58},[20,149966,149967],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[35,149969,149971],{"className":37,"code":149970,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,149972,149973,149989],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149974,149975,149977,149979,149981,149983,149985,149987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149976,5525],{"class":50},[44,149978,55],{"class":54},[44,149980,8607],{"class":58},[44,149982,236],{"class":235},[44,149984,40917],{"class":239},[44,149986,236],{"class":235},[44,149988,148590],{"class":58},[44,149990,149991,149993,149995,149997],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149992,100],{"class":99},[44,149994,103],{"class":58},[44,149996,37746],{"class":89},[44,149998,108],{"class":58},[20,150000,111],{},[35,150002,150004],{"className":37,"code":150003,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('abc',)\n",[15,150005,150006],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150007,150008,150010,150012,150014,150016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150009,103],{"class":58},[44,150011,1018],{"class":235},[44,150013,40917],{"class":239},[44,150015,1018],{"class":235},[44,150017,148590],{"class":58},[347,150019,150021],{"id":150020},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150023,150024],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[35,150026,150028],{"className":37,"code":150027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150029,150030,150047,150051,150061,150075],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150031,150032,150035,150037,150039,150041,150043,150045],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150033,150034],{"class":50},"my_tuple ",[44,150036,55],{"class":54},[44,150038,8607],{"class":58},[44,150040,236],{"class":235},[44,150042,3450],{"class":239},[44,150044,236],{"class":235},[44,150046,148590],{"class":58},[44,150048,150049],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,150050,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,150052,150053,150055,150057,150059],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,150054,100],{"class":99},[44,150056,103],{"class":58},[44,150058,147252],{"class":89},[44,150060,108],{"class":58},[44,150062,150063,150065,150067,150069,150071,150073],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,150064,100],{"class":99},[44,150066,103],{"class":58},[44,150068,985],{"class":121},[44,150070,103],{"class":58},[44,150072,147252],{"class":89},[44,150074,993],{"class":58},[44,150076,150077,150079,150081,150083,150085,150087],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,150078,100],{"class":99},[44,150080,103],{"class":58},[44,150082,10529],{"class":99},[44,150084,103],{"class":58},[44,150086,147252],{"class":89},[44,150088,993],{"class":58},[131,150090,1196],{"id":1195},[347,150092,150094],{"id":150093},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150096,150097,150098,150101],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150099,150100],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[347,150103,150105],{"id":150104},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150107,150108],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[347,150110,150112],{"id":150111},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150114,150115],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[347,150117,150119],{"id":150118},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150121,150122],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[347,150124,1200,150126,12073],{"id":150125},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150127,149894],{},[20,150129,608,150130,150133],{},[15,150131,150132],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[131,150135,1251],{"id":1250},[145,150137,150138,150142,150146,150152,150157,150162,150166],{},[148,150139,150140],{},[167,150141,147234],{"href":147233},[148,150143,150144],{},[167,150145,148907],{"href":148906},[148,150147,150148],{},[167,150149,150151],{"href":150150},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[148,150153,150154],{},[167,150155,150156],{"href":148472},"Python tuple length with len()",[148,150158,150159],{},[167,150160,150161],{"href":148537},"What is a tuple in Python?",[148,150163,150164],{},[167,150165,62579],{"href":62578},[148,150167,150168],{},[167,150169,150170],{"href":149675},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1294,150172,150173],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":150175},[150176,150177,150178,150179,150180,150181,150187,150193,150194,150202,150210],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":14515,"depth":80,"text":14516},{"id":148766,"depth":80,"text":148767},{"id":148910,"depth":80,"text":148911},{"id":149003,"depth":80,"text":149004},{"id":149196,"depth":80,"text":149197,"children":150182},[150183,150184,150185,150186],{"id":83,"depth":96,"text":55821},{"id":4677,"depth":96,"text":55824},{"id":149288,"depth":96,"text":149289},{"id":149331,"depth":96,"text":149332},{"id":149438,"depth":80,"text":150188,"children":150189},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150190,150191,150192],{"id":104492,"depth":96,"text":104493},{"id":104678,"depth":96,"text":104679},{"id":149589,"depth":96,"text":149590},{"id":20147,"depth":80,"text":20148},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200,"children":150195},[150196,150197,150198,150199,150201],{"id":149684,"depth":96,"text":149685},{"id":149764,"depth":96,"text":149765},{"id":149852,"depth":96,"text":149853},{"id":149891,"depth":96,"text":150200},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150020,"depth":96,"text":150021},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":150203},[150204,150205,150206,150207,150208],{"id":150093,"depth":96,"text":150094},{"id":150104,"depth":96,"text":150105},{"id":150111,"depth":96,"text":150112},{"id":150118,"depth":96,"text":150119},{"id":150125,"depth":96,"text":150209},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":148523,"description":150211},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150218,"title":150219,"body":150220,"description":151765,"extension":1331,"meta":151766,"navigation":268,"path":151767,"seo":151768,"stem":151769,"__hash__":151770},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150221,"toc":151735},[150222,150225,150230,150232,150245,150251,150253,150320,150322,150357,150362,150366,150370,150372,150383,150391,150393,150395,150416,150418,150438,150441,150443,150448,150491,150493,150515,150518,150531,150535,150539,150542,150595,150597,150618,150623,150627,150630,150675,150677,150710,150722,150726,150734,150771,150773,150802,150806,150809,150862,150864,150884,150891,150895,150900,150969,150971,150996,151000,151003,151009,151086,151088,151147,151149,151161,151166,151170,151174,151188,151190,151225,151227,151244,151247,151260,151264,151268,151279,151284,151299,151302,151305,151307,151310,151314,151316,151330,151332,151356,151361,151365,151368,151387,151390,151439,151444,151461,151464,151497,151501,151503,151554,151557,151582,151585,151608,151612,151618,151620,151655,151658,151663,151665,151669,151672,151676,151681,151685,151688,151692,151695,151699,151704,151706,151732],[10,150223,150219],{"id":150224},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150226,8493,150227,150229],{},[15,150228,37401],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150231,81950],{},[145,150233,150234,150239],{},[148,150235,150236,150238],{},[15,150237,37401],{}," creates an empty tuple",[148,150240,150241,150244],{},[15,150242,150243],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150246,150247,150248,150250],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150249,37401],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[131,150252,1372],{"id":1371},[35,150254,150256],{"className":37,"code":150255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150257,150258,150278,150292,150296,150306],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150259,150260,150262,150264,150266,150268,150270,150272,150274,150276],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150261,51],{"class":50},[44,150263,55],{"class":54},[44,150265,2993],{"class":58},[44,150267,63],{"class":62},[44,150269,66],{"class":58},[44,150271,69],{"class":62},[44,150273,66],{"class":58},[44,150275,74],{"class":62},[44,150277,3006],{"class":58},[44,150279,150280,150282,150284,150286,150288,150290],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,150281,644],{"class":50},[44,150283,55],{"class":54},[44,150285,148600],{"class":121},[44,150287,103],{"class":58},[44,150289,83],{"class":89},[44,150291,108],{"class":58},[44,150293,150294],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,150295,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,150297,150298,150300,150302,150304],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,150299,100],{"class":99},[44,150301,103],{"class":58},[44,150303,668],{"class":89},[44,150305,108],{"class":58},[44,150307,150308,150310,150312,150314,150316,150318],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,150309,100],{"class":99},[44,150311,103],{"class":58},[44,150313,985],{"class":121},[44,150315,103],{"class":58},[44,150317,668],{"class":89},[44,150319,993],{"class":58},[20,150321,111],{},[35,150323,150325],{"className":37,"code":150324,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150326,150327,150343],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150328,150329,150331,150333,150335,150337,150339,150341],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150330,103],{"class":58},[44,150332,63],{"class":62},[44,150334,66],{"class":58},[44,150336,69],{"class":62},[44,150338,66],{"class":58},[44,150340,74],{"class":62},[44,150342,108],{"class":58},[44,150344,150345,150347,150349,150351,150353,150355],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,150346,1005],{"class":54},[44,150348,1009],{"class":1008},[44,150350,1012],{"class":235},[44,150352,48313],{"class":239},[44,150354,1018],{"class":235},[44,150356,1021],{"class":54},[20,150358,1462,150359,150361],{},[15,150360,150243],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[131,150363,150365],{"id":150364},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150367,150368,62287],{},[15,150369,37401],{},[20,150371,48287],{},[145,150373,150374,150377,150380],{},[148,150375,150376],{},"creates a tuple object",[148,150378,150379],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[148,150381,150382],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150384,150385,150386,150388,150389,86],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[167,150387,148538],{"href":148537}," or the full guide to ",[167,150390,147234],{"href":147233},[131,150392,175],{"id":174},[20,150394,25835],{},[35,150396,150398],{"className":37,"code":150397,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150399,150400,150406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150401,150402,150404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150403,48313],{"class":121},[44,150405,93],{"class":58},[44,150407,150408,150410,150412,150414],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,150409,48313],{"class":121},[44,150411,103],{"class":58},[44,150413,3091],{"class":89},[44,150415,108],{"class":58},[20,150417,10822],{},[145,150419,150420,150423],{},[148,150421,150422],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[148,150424,150425,150426],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[145,150427,150428,150430,150432,150434,150436],{},[148,150429,4668],{},[148,150431,4677],{},[148,150433,62358],{},[148,150435,4674],{},[148,150437,6623],{},[20,150439,150440],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[131,150442,148911],{"id":148910},[20,150444,28998,150445,150447],{},[15,150446,37401],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[35,150449,150451],{"className":37,"code":150450,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150452,150453,150463,150467,150477],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150454,150455,150457,150459,150461],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150456,124098],{"class":50},[44,150458,55],{"class":54},[44,150460,148600],{"class":121},[44,150462,93],{"class":58},[44,150464,150465],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,150466,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,150468,150469,150471,150473,150475],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,150470,100],{"class":99},[44,150472,103],{"class":58},[44,150474,124149],{"class":89},[44,150476,108],{"class":58},[44,150478,150479,150481,150483,150485,150487,150489],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,150480,100],{"class":99},[44,150482,103],{"class":58},[44,150484,985],{"class":121},[44,150486,103],{"class":58},[44,150488,124149],{"class":89},[44,150490,993],{"class":58},[20,150492,111],{},[35,150494,150495],{"className":37,"code":148956,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,150496,150497,150501],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150498,150499],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150500,93],{"class":58},[44,150502,150503,150505,150507,150509,150511,150513],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,150504,1005],{"class":54},[44,150506,1009],{"class":1008},[44,150508,1012],{"class":235},[44,150510,48313],{"class":239},[44,150512,1018],{"class":235},[44,150514,1021],{"class":54},[20,150516,150517],{},"This is equivalent to:",[35,150519,150521],{"className":37,"code":150520,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty = ()\n",[15,150522,150523],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150524,150525,150527,150529],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150526,124098],{"class":50},[44,150528,55],{"class":54},[44,150530,148576],{"class":58},[131,150532,150534],{"id":150533},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[347,150536,150538],{"id":150537},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,150540,150541],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[35,150543,150545],{"className":37,"code":150544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150546,150547,150567,150581,150585],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150548,150549,150551,150553,150555,150557,150559,150561,150563,150565],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150550,51],{"class":50},[44,150552,55],{"class":54},[44,150554,2993],{"class":58},[44,150556,1701],{"class":62},[44,150558,66],{"class":58},[44,150560,7163],{"class":62},[44,150562,66],{"class":58},[44,150564,7168],{"class":62},[44,150566,3006],{"class":58},[44,150568,150569,150571,150573,150575,150577,150579],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,150570,644],{"class":50},[44,150572,55],{"class":54},[44,150574,148600],{"class":121},[44,150576,103],{"class":58},[44,150578,83],{"class":89},[44,150580,108],{"class":58},[44,150582,150583],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,150584,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,150586,150587,150589,150591,150593],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,150588,100],{"class":99},[44,150590,103],{"class":58},[44,150592,668],{"class":89},[44,150594,108],{"class":58},[20,150596,111],{},[35,150598,150600],{"className":37,"code":150599,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,150601,150602],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150603,150604,150606,150608,150610,150612,150614,150616],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150605,103],{"class":58},[44,150607,1701],{"class":62},[44,150609,66],{"class":58},[44,150611,7163],{"class":62},[44,150613,66],{"class":58},[44,150615,7168],{"class":62},[44,150617,108],{"class":58},[20,150619,150620,150621,86],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[167,150622,104298],{"href":59416},[347,150624,150626],{"id":150625},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,150628,150629],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[35,150631,150633],{"className":37,"code":150632,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150634,150635,150647,150661,150665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150636,150637,150639,150641,150643,150645],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150638,34039],{"class":50},[44,150640,55],{"class":54},[44,150642,247],{"class":235},[44,150644,36401],{"class":239},[44,150646,2727],{"class":235},[44,150648,150649,150651,150653,150655,150657,150659],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,150650,644],{"class":50},[44,150652,55],{"class":54},[44,150654,148600],{"class":121},[44,150656,103],{"class":58},[44,150658,34060],{"class":89},[44,150660,108],{"class":58},[44,150662,150663],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,150664,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,150666,150667,150669,150671,150673],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,150668,100],{"class":99},[44,150670,103],{"class":58},[44,150672,668],{"class":89},[44,150674,108],{"class":58},[20,150676,111],{},[35,150678,150680],{"className":37,"code":150679,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,150681,150682],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150683,150684,150686,150688,150690,150692,150694,150696,150698,150700,150702,150704,150706,150708],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150685,103],{"class":58},[44,150687,1018],{"class":235},[44,150689,9109],{"class":239},[44,150691,1018],{"class":235},[44,150693,66],{"class":58},[44,150695,1012],{"class":235},[44,150697,167],{"class":239},[44,150699,1018],{"class":235},[44,150701,66],{"class":58},[44,150703,1012],{"class":235},[44,150705,62648],{"class":239},[44,150707,1018],{"class":235},[44,150709,108],{"class":58},[20,150711,150712,150713,601,150716,150718,150719,86],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,150714,150715],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[30,150717,604],{}," create ",[15,150720,150721],{},"('cat',)",[347,150723,150725],{"id":150724},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,150727,150728,150730,150731,150733],{},[15,150729,35551],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,150732,37401],{}," collects them all.",[35,150735,150737],{"className":37,"code":150736,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150738,150739,150757,150761],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150740,150741,150743,150745,150747,150749,150751,150753,150755],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150742,644],{"class":50},[44,150744,55],{"class":54},[44,150746,148600],{"class":121},[44,150748,103],{"class":58},[44,150750,59359],{"class":99},[44,150752,103],{"class":58},[44,150754,1507],{"class":62},[44,150756,993],{"class":58},[44,150758,150759],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,150760,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,150762,150763,150765,150767,150769],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,150764,100],{"class":99},[44,150766,103],{"class":58},[44,150768,668],{"class":89},[44,150770,108],{"class":58},[20,150772,111],{},[35,150774,150776],{"className":37,"code":150775,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,150777,150778],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150779,150780,150782,150784,150786,150788,150790,150792,150794,150796,150798,150800],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150781,103],{"class":58},[44,150783,1490],{"class":62},[44,150785,66],{"class":58},[44,150787,4867],{"class":62},[44,150789,66],{"class":58},[44,150791,69],{"class":62},[44,150793,66],{"class":58},[44,150795,74],{"class":62},[44,150797,66],{"class":58},[44,150799,1827],{"class":62},[44,150801,108],{"class":58},[347,150803,150805],{"id":150804},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,150807,150808],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[35,150810,150812],{"className":37,"code":150811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150813,150814,150834,150848,150852],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150815,150816,150818,150820,150822,150824,150826,150828,150830,150832],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150817,3191],{"class":50},[44,150819,55],{"class":54},[44,150821,59],{"class":58},[44,150823,63],{"class":62},[44,150825,66],{"class":58},[44,150827,69],{"class":62},[44,150829,66],{"class":58},[44,150831,74],{"class":62},[44,150833,77],{"class":58},[44,150835,150836,150838,150840,150842,150844,150846],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,150837,644],{"class":50},[44,150839,55],{"class":54},[44,150841,148600],{"class":121},[44,150843,103],{"class":58},[44,150845,4727],{"class":89},[44,150847,108],{"class":58},[44,150849,150850],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,150851,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,150853,150854,150856,150858,150860],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,150855,100],{"class":99},[44,150857,103],{"class":58},[44,150859,668],{"class":89},[44,150861,108],{"class":58},[20,150863,111],{},[35,150865,150866],{"className":37,"code":148813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,150867,150868],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150869,150870,150872,150874,150876,150878,150880,150882],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150871,103],{"class":58},[44,150873,63],{"class":62},[44,150875,66],{"class":58},[44,150877,69],{"class":62},[44,150879,66],{"class":58},[44,150881,74],{"class":62},[44,150883,108],{"class":58},[20,150885,150886,150887,86],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[167,150888,150890],{"href":150889},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[347,150892,150894],{"id":150893},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,150896,62901,150897,150899],{},[15,150898,37401],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[35,150901,150903],{"className":37,"code":150902,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150904,150905,150941,150955,150959],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150906,150907,150909,150911,150913,150915,150917,150919,150921,150923,150925,150927,150929,150931,150933,150935,150937,150939],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150908,12558],{"class":50},[44,150910,55],{"class":54},[44,150912,59],{"class":58},[44,150914,236],{"class":235},[44,150916,7041],{"class":239},[44,150918,236],{"class":235},[44,150920,2255],{"class":58},[44,150922,247],{"class":235},[44,150924,12237],{"class":239},[44,150926,236],{"class":235},[44,150928,66],{"class":58},[44,150930,247],{"class":235},[44,150932,8669],{"class":239},[44,150934,236],{"class":235},[44,150936,2255],{"class":58},[44,150938,8676],{"class":62},[44,150940,77],{"class":58},[44,150942,150943,150945,150947,150949,150951,150953],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,150944,644],{"class":50},[44,150946,55],{"class":54},[44,150948,148600],{"class":121},[44,150950,103],{"class":58},[44,150952,16657],{"class":89},[44,150954,108],{"class":58},[44,150956,150957],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,150958,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,150960,150961,150963,150965,150967],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,150962,100],{"class":99},[44,150964,103],{"class":58},[44,150966,668],{"class":89},[44,150968,108],{"class":58},[20,150970,29378],{},[35,150972,150974],{"className":37,"code":150973,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,150975,150976],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150977,150978,150980,150982,150984,150986,150988,150990,150992,150994],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150979,103],{"class":58},[44,150981,1018],{"class":235},[44,150983,7041],{"class":239},[44,150985,1018],{"class":235},[44,150987,66],{"class":58},[44,150989,1012],{"class":235},[44,150991,8669],{"class":239},[44,150993,1018],{"class":235},[44,150995,108],{"class":58},[131,150997,150999],{"id":150998},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151001,151002],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151004,151005,151008],{},[15,151006,151007],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[35,151010,151012],{"className":37,"code":151011,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151013,151014,151050,151054,151068],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151015,151016,151018,151020,151022,151024,151026,151028,151030,151032,151034,151036,151038,151040,151042,151044,151046,151048],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151017,12558],{"class":50},[44,151019,55],{"class":54},[44,151021,59],{"class":58},[44,151023,236],{"class":235},[44,151025,7041],{"class":239},[44,151027,236],{"class":235},[44,151029,2255],{"class":58},[44,151031,247],{"class":235},[44,151033,12237],{"class":239},[44,151035,236],{"class":235},[44,151037,66],{"class":58},[44,151039,247],{"class":235},[44,151041,8669],{"class":239},[44,151043,236],{"class":235},[44,151045,2255],{"class":58},[44,151047,8676],{"class":62},[44,151049,77],{"class":58},[44,151051,151052],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,151053,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,151055,151056,151058,151060,151062,151064,151066],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,151057,100],{"class":99},[44,151059,103],{"class":58},[44,151061,48313],{"class":121},[44,151063,103],{"class":58},[44,151065,16657],{"class":89},[44,151067,993],{"class":58},[44,151069,151070,151072,151074,151076,151078,151080,151082,151084],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,151071,100],{"class":99},[44,151073,103],{"class":58},[44,151075,48313],{"class":121},[44,151077,103],{"class":58},[44,151079,16657],{"class":89},[44,151081,86],{"class":58},[44,151083,397],{"class":89},[44,151085,5660],{"class":58},[20,151087,111],{},[35,151089,151091],{"className":37,"code":151090,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151092,151093,151113],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151094,151095,151097,151099,151101,151103,151105,151107,151109,151111],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151096,103],{"class":58},[44,151098,1018],{"class":235},[44,151100,7041],{"class":239},[44,151102,1018],{"class":235},[44,151104,66],{"class":58},[44,151106,1012],{"class":235},[44,151108,8669],{"class":239},[44,151110,1018],{"class":235},[44,151112,108],{"class":58},[44,151114,151115,151117,151119,151121,151123,151125,151127,151129,151131,151133,151135,151137,151139,151141,151143,151145],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,151116,4880],{"class":58},[44,151118,1018],{"class":235},[44,151120,7041],{"class":239},[44,151122,1018],{"class":235},[44,151124,66],{"class":58},[44,151126,1012],{"class":235},[44,151128,12237],{"class":239},[44,151130,1018],{"class":235},[44,151132,8604],{"class":58},[44,151134,8607],{"class":58},[44,151136,1018],{"class":235},[44,151138,8669],{"class":239},[44,151140,1018],{"class":235},[44,151142,66],{"class":58},[44,151144,8676],{"class":62},[44,151146,993],{"class":58},[20,151148,18042],{},[145,151150,151151,151156],{},[148,151152,151153,151155],{},[15,151154,151007],{}," for keys",[148,151157,151158,31907],{},[15,151159,151160],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151162,151163,151164,86],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[167,151165,62911],{"href":62910},[131,151167,151169],{"id":151168},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151171,151172,17666],{},[15,151173,37401],{},[145,151175,151176,151179,151182,151185],{},[148,151177,151178],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[148,151180,151181],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[148,151183,151184],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[148,151186,151187],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151189,1578],{},[35,151191,151193],{"className":37,"code":151192,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151194,151195,151214],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151196,151197,151200,151202,151204,151206,151208,151210,151212],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151198,151199],{"class":50},"coordinates ",[44,151201,55],{"class":54},[44,151203,148600],{"class":121},[44,151205,2357],{"class":58},[44,151207,1875],{"class":62},[44,151209,66],{"class":58},[44,151211,5364],{"class":62},[44,151213,3258],{"class":58},[44,151215,151216,151218,151220,151223],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,151217,100],{"class":99},[44,151219,103],{"class":58},[44,151221,151222],{"class":89},"coordinates",[44,151224,108],{"class":58},[20,151226,111],{},[35,151228,151230],{"className":37,"code":151229,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151231,151232],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151233,151234,151236,151238,151240,151242],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151235,103],{"class":58},[44,151237,1875],{"class":62},[44,151239,66],{"class":58},[44,151241,5364],{"class":62},[44,151243,108],{"class":58},[20,151245,151246],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[145,151248,151249,151251,151254,151257],{},[148,151250,151222],{},[148,151252,151253],{},"RGB colors",[148,151255,151256],{},"dates",[148,151258,151259],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[131,151261,151263],{"id":151262},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151265,43787,151266,9969],{},[15,151267,37401],{},[145,151269,151270,151273,151276],{},[148,151271,151272],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[148,151274,151275],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[148,151277,151278],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151280,115725,151281,151283],{},[30,151282,604],{}," work:",[35,151285,151287],{"className":37,"code":151286,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151288,151289],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151290,151291,151293,151295,151297],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151292,48313],{"class":121},[44,151294,103],{"class":58},[44,151296,1507],{"class":62},[44,151298,108],{"class":58},[20,151300,151301],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151303,151304],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[131,151306,114563],{"id":114562},[20,151308,151309],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[347,151311,151313],{"id":151312},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151315,2207],{},[35,151317,151318],{"className":37,"code":151286,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,151319,151320],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151321,151322,151324,151326,151328],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151323,48313],{"class":121},[44,151325,103],{"class":58},[44,151327,1507],{"class":62},[44,151329,108],{"class":58},[20,151331,29029],{},[35,151333,151334],{"className":37,"code":63015,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,151335,151336],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151337,151338,151340,151342,151344,151346,151348,151350,151352,151354],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151339,2376],{"class":121},[44,151341,2255],{"class":58},[44,151343,1012],{"class":235},[44,151345,1558],{"class":239},[44,151347,1018],{"class":235},[44,151349,23965],{"class":121},[44,151351,7470],{"class":54},[44,151353,7473],{"class":54},[44,151355,63038],{"class":50},[20,151357,151358,151359,86],{},"If you see this, read ",[167,151360,61652],{"href":51961},[347,151362,151364],{"id":151363},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151366,151367],{},"This code:",[35,151369,151371],{"className":37,"code":151370,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151372,151373],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151374,151375,151377,151379,151381,151383,151385],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151376,48313],{"class":121},[44,151378,103],{"class":58},[44,151380,236],{"class":235},[44,151382,3214],{"class":239},[44,151384,236],{"class":235},[44,151386,108],{"class":58},[20,151388,151389],{},"returns:",[35,151391,151393],{"className":37,"code":151392,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151394,151395],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151396,151397,151399,151401,151403,151405,151407,151409,151411,151413,151415,151417,151419,151421,151423,151425,151427,151429,151431,151433,151435,151437],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151398,103],{"class":58},[44,151400,1018],{"class":235},[44,151402,59799],{"class":239},[44,151404,1018],{"class":235},[44,151406,66],{"class":58},[44,151408,1012],{"class":235},[44,151410,59808],{"class":239},[44,151412,1018],{"class":235},[44,151414,66],{"class":58},[44,151416,1012],{"class":235},[44,151418,59817],{"class":239},[44,151420,1018],{"class":235},[44,151422,66],{"class":58},[44,151424,1012],{"class":235},[44,151426,59817],{"class":239},[44,151428,1018],{"class":235},[44,151430,66],{"class":58},[44,151432,1012],{"class":235},[44,151434,59834],{"class":239},[44,151436,1018],{"class":235},[44,151438,108],{"class":58},[20,151440,40262,151441,151443],{},[30,151442,604],{}," return:",[35,151445,151447],{"className":37,"code":151446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('hello',)\n",[15,151448,151449],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151450,151451,151453,151455,151457,151459],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151452,103],{"class":58},[44,151454,1018],{"class":235},[44,151456,3214],{"class":239},[44,151458,1018],{"class":235},[44,151460,148590],{"class":58},[20,151462,151463],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[35,151465,151467],{"className":37,"code":151466,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,151468,151469,151486],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151470,151471,151474,151476,151478,151480,151482,151484],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151472,151473],{"class":50},"single ",[44,151475,55],{"class":54},[44,151477,8607],{"class":58},[44,151479,236],{"class":235},[44,151481,3214],{"class":239},[44,151483,236],{"class":235},[44,151485,148590],{"class":58},[44,151487,151488,151490,151492,151495],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,151489,100],{"class":99},[44,151491,103],{"class":58},[44,151493,151494],{"class":89},"single",[44,151496,108],{"class":58},[347,151498,151500],{"id":151499},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,151502,151367],{},[35,151504,151506],{"className":37,"code":151505,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,151507,151508,151540],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151509,151510,151512,151514,151516,151518,151520,151522,151524,151526,151528,151530,151532,151534,151536,151538],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151511,8536],{"class":50},[44,151513,55],{"class":54},[44,151515,59],{"class":58},[44,151517,236],{"class":235},[44,151519,167],{"class":239},[44,151521,236],{"class":235},[44,151523,2255],{"class":58},[44,151525,4867],{"class":62},[44,151527,66],{"class":58},[44,151529,247],{"class":235},[44,151531,1164],{"class":239},[44,151533,236],{"class":235},[44,151535,2255],{"class":58},[44,151537,69],{"class":62},[44,151539,77],{"class":58},[44,151541,151542,151544,151546,151548,151550,151552],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,151543,100],{"class":99},[44,151545,103],{"class":58},[44,151547,48313],{"class":121},[44,151549,103],{"class":58},[44,151551,8575],{"class":89},[44,151553,993],{"class":58},[20,151555,151556],{},"returns only the keys:",[35,151558,151560],{"className":37,"code":151559,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,151561,151562],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151563,151564,151566,151568,151570,151572,151574,151576,151578,151580],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151565,103],{"class":58},[44,151567,1018],{"class":235},[44,151569,167],{"class":239},[44,151571,1018],{"class":235},[44,151573,66],{"class":58},[44,151575,1012],{"class":235},[44,151577,1164],{"class":239},[44,151579,1018],{"class":235},[44,151581,108],{"class":58},[20,151583,151584],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[35,151586,151588],{"className":37,"code":151587,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,151589,151590],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151591,151592,151594,151596,151598,151600,151602,151604,151606],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151593,100],{"class":99},[44,151595,103],{"class":58},[44,151597,48313],{"class":121},[44,151599,103],{"class":58},[44,151601,8575],{"class":89},[44,151603,86],{"class":58},[44,151605,397],{"class":89},[44,151607,5660],{"class":58},[347,151609,151611],{"id":151610},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,151613,151614,151615,151617],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,151616,37401],{}," conversion.",[20,151619,4841],{},[35,151621,151623],{"className":37,"code":151622,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,151624,151625,151645],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151626,151627,151629,151631,151633,151635,151637,151639,151641,151643],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151628,1817],{"class":50},[44,151630,55],{"class":54},[44,151632,8607],{"class":58},[44,151634,63],{"class":62},[44,151636,66],{"class":58},[44,151638,69],{"class":62},[44,151640,66],{"class":58},[44,151642,74],{"class":62},[44,151644,108],{"class":58},[44,151646,151647,151649,151651,151653],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,151648,100],{"class":99},[44,151650,103],{"class":58},[44,151652,1843],{"class":89},[44,151654,108],{"class":58},[20,151656,151657],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,151659,24854,151660,151662],{},[15,151661,37401],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[131,151664,1196],{"id":1195},[347,151666,151668],{"id":151667},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,151670,151671],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[347,151673,151675],{"id":151674},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,151677,151678,151679,86],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,151680,6738],{},[347,151682,151684],{"id":151683},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,151686,151687],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[347,151689,151691],{"id":151690},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,151693,151694],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[347,151696,151698],{"id":151697},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,151700,151701,151702,86],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,151703,2376],{},[131,151705,1251],{"id":1250},[145,151707,151708,151712,151716,151720,151724,151728],{},[148,151709,151710],{},[167,151711,147234],{"href":147233},[148,151713,151714],{},[167,151715,150161],{"href":148537},[148,151717,151718],{},[167,151719,104298],{"href":59416},[148,151721,151722],{},[167,151723,150890],{"href":150889},[148,151725,151726],{},[167,151727,62911],{"href":62910},[148,151729,151730],{},[167,151731,61652],{"href":51961},[1294,151733,151734],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":151736},[151737,151738,151739,151740,151741,151748,151749,151750,151751,151757,151764],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":150364,"depth":80,"text":150365},{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":148910,"depth":80,"text":148911},{"id":150533,"depth":80,"text":150534,"children":151742},[151743,151744,151745,151746,151747],{"id":150537,"depth":96,"text":150538},{"id":150625,"depth":96,"text":150626},{"id":150724,"depth":96,"text":150725},{"id":150804,"depth":96,"text":150805},{"id":150893,"depth":96,"text":150894},{"id":150998,"depth":80,"text":150999},{"id":151168,"depth":80,"text":151169},{"id":151262,"depth":80,"text":151263},{"id":114562,"depth":80,"text":114563,"children":151752},[151753,151754,151755,151756],{"id":151312,"depth":96,"text":151313},{"id":151363,"depth":96,"text":151364},{"id":151499,"depth":96,"text":151500},{"id":151610,"depth":96,"text":151611},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":151758},[151759,151760,151761,151762,151763],{"id":151667,"depth":96,"text":151668},{"id":151674,"depth":96,"text":151675},{"id":151683,"depth":96,"text":151684},{"id":151690,"depth":96,"text":151691},{"id":151697,"depth":96,"text":151698},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150219,"description":151765},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":151772,"title":151773,"body":151774,"description":153187,"extension":1331,"meta":153188,"navigation":268,"path":153189,"seo":153190,"stem":153191,"__hash__":153192},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":151775,"toc":153159},[151776,151781,151786,151789,151791,151870,151876,151881,151885,151900,151902,151949,151951,151959,151967,151973,151975,151980,152000,152003,152030,152032,152056,152058,152200,152202,152206,152214,152217,152219,152296,152298,152306,152310,152314,152324,152334,152336,152341,152343,152402,152407,152409,152509,152511,152525,152530,152536,152543,152546,152548,152658,152662,152679,152681,152744,152746,152754,152766,152770,152775,152803,152806,152888,152890,152901,152903,152907,152934,152936,152938,153018,153026,153028,153083,153085,153090,153093,153097,153101,153103,153107,153111,153119,153126,153129,153131,153156],[10,151777,147118,151779,18],{"id":151778},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,151780,58328],{},[20,151782,151783,151785],{},[15,151784,148439],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,151787,151788],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[131,151790,1372],{"id":1371},[35,151792,151794],{"className":37,"code":151793,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,151795,151796,151836,151858],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151797,151798,151800,151802,151804,151806,151808,151810,151812,151814,151816,151818,151820,151822,151824,151826,151828,151830,151832,151834],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151799,228],{"class":50},[44,151801,55],{"class":54},[44,151803,8607],{"class":58},[44,151805,236],{"class":235},[44,151807,240],{"class":239},[44,151809,236],{"class":235},[44,151811,66],{"class":58},[44,151813,247],{"class":235},[44,151815,259],{"class":239},[44,151817,236],{"class":235},[44,151819,66],{"class":58},[44,151821,247],{"class":235},[44,151823,250],{"class":239},[44,151825,236],{"class":235},[44,151827,66],{"class":58},[44,151829,247],{"class":235},[44,151831,259],{"class":239},[44,151833,236],{"class":235},[44,151835,108],{"class":58},[44,151837,151838,151840,151842,151844,151846,151848,151850,151852,151854,151856],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,151839,64281],{"class":50},[44,151841,55],{"class":54},[44,151843,12477],{"class":50},[44,151845,86],{"class":58},[44,151847,35199],{"class":89},[44,151849,103],{"class":58},[44,151851,236],{"class":235},[44,151853,259],{"class":239},[44,151855,236],{"class":235},[44,151857,108],{"class":58},[44,151859,151860,151862,151864,151866,151868],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,151861,100],{"class":99},[44,151863,103],{"class":58},[44,151865,64308],{"class":89},[44,151867,3032],{"class":58},[44,151869,27128],{"class":3035},[20,151871,151872,151875],{},[15,151873,151874],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[131,151877,134,151879,137],{"id":151878},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,151880,148439],{},[20,151882,140,151883,143],{},[15,151884,58328],{},[145,151886,151887,151890,151892,151895],{},[148,151888,151889],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[148,151891,127716],{},[148,151893,151894],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[148,151896,151897,151898],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,151899,1490],{},[20,151901,1578],{},[35,151903,151905],{"className":37,"code":151904,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,151906,151907,151931],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151908,151909,151911,151913,151915,151917,151919,151921,151923,151925,151927,151929],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151910,51],{"class":50},[44,151912,55],{"class":54},[44,151914,8607],{"class":58},[44,151916,1701],{"class":62},[44,151918,66],{"class":58},[44,151920,7163],{"class":62},[44,151922,66],{"class":58},[44,151924,7168],{"class":62},[44,151926,66],{"class":58},[44,151928,7163],{"class":62},[44,151930,108],{"class":58},[44,151932,151933,151935,151937,151939,151941,151943,151945,151947],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,151934,100],{"class":99},[44,151936,103],{"class":58},[44,151938,83],{"class":89},[44,151940,86],{"class":58},[44,151942,35199],{"class":89},[44,151944,103],{"class":58},[44,151946,15105],{"class":62},[44,151948,993],{"class":58},[20,151950,111],{},[35,151952,151953],{"className":37,"code":46276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,151954,151955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151956,151957],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151958,46276],{"class":62},[20,151960,20325,151961,151963,151964,151966],{},[15,151962,15105],{}," appears twice, ",[15,151965,58328],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,151968,150385,151969,86],{},[167,151970,151972],{"href":151971},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[131,151974,175],{"id":174},[20,151976,7136,151977,151979],{},[15,151978,58328],{}," in two ways:",[35,151981,151983],{"className":37,"code":151982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,151984,151985],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151986,151987,151990,151992,151994,151996,151998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151988,151989],{"class":50},"tuple_name",[44,151991,86],{"class":58},[44,151993,35199],{"class":89},[44,151995,103],{"class":58},[44,151997,1843],{"class":89},[44,151999,108],{"class":58},[20,152001,152002],{},"or:",[35,152004,152006],{"className":37,"code":152005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152007,152008],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152009,152010,152012,152014,152016,152018,152020,152022,152024,152026,152028],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152011,151989],{"class":50},[44,152013,86],{"class":58},[44,152015,35199],{"class":89},[44,152017,103],{"class":58},[44,152019,1843],{"class":89},[44,152021,66],{"class":58},[44,152023,35405],{"class":89},[44,152025,66],{"class":58},[44,152027,64402],{"class":89},[44,152029,108],{"class":58},[347,152031,16745],{"id":16744},[145,152033,152034,152039,152044,152049],{},[148,152035,152036,152038],{},[15,152037,1843],{}," — the item to search for",[148,152040,152041,152043],{},[15,152042,35426],{}," — optional starting position",[148,152045,152046,152048],{},[15,152047,52022],{}," — optional ending position",[148,152050,152051,4153,152053,152055],{},[15,152052,52022],{},[30,152054,64431],{}," in the search",[20,152057,1578],{},[35,152059,152061],{"className":37,"code":152060,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152062,152063,152111,152115,152140,152168],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152064,152065,152067,152069,152071,152073,152075,152077,152079,152081,152083,152085,152087,152089,152091,152093,152095,152097,152099,152101,152103,152105,152107,152109],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152066,35444],{"class":50},[44,152068,55],{"class":54},[44,152070,8607],{"class":58},[44,152072,236],{"class":235},[44,152074,167],{"class":239},[44,152076,236],{"class":235},[44,152078,66],{"class":58},[44,152080,247],{"class":235},[44,152082,1164],{"class":239},[44,152084,236],{"class":235},[44,152086,66],{"class":58},[44,152088,247],{"class":235},[44,152090,9109],{"class":239},[44,152092,236],{"class":235},[44,152094,66],{"class":58},[44,152096,247],{"class":235},[44,152098,1164],{"class":239},[44,152100,236],{"class":235},[44,152102,66],{"class":58},[44,152104,247],{"class":235},[44,152106,18115],{"class":239},[44,152108,236],{"class":235},[44,152110,108],{"class":58},[44,152112,152113],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,152114,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,152116,152117,152119,152121,152123,152125,152127,152129,152131,152133,152135,152137],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,152118,100],{"class":99},[44,152120,103],{"class":58},[44,152122,35497],{"class":89},[44,152124,86],{"class":58},[44,152126,35199],{"class":89},[44,152128,103],{"class":58},[44,152130,236],{"class":235},[44,152132,1164],{"class":239},[44,152134,236],{"class":235},[44,152136,4730],{"class":58},[44,152138,152139],{"class":3035},"        # 1\n",[44,152141,152142,152144,152146,152148,152150,152152,152154,152156,152158,152160,152162,152164,152166],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,152143,100],{"class":99},[44,152145,103],{"class":58},[44,152147,35497],{"class":89},[44,152149,86],{"class":58},[44,152151,35199],{"class":89},[44,152153,103],{"class":58},[44,152155,236],{"class":235},[44,152157,1164],{"class":239},[44,152159,236],{"class":235},[44,152161,66],{"class":58},[44,152163,69],{"class":62},[44,152165,4730],{"class":58},[44,152167,50279],{"class":3035},[44,152169,152170,152172,152174,152176,152178,152180,152182,152184,152186,152188,152190,152192,152194,152196,152198],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,152171,100],{"class":99},[44,152173,103],{"class":58},[44,152175,35497],{"class":89},[44,152177,86],{"class":58},[44,152179,35199],{"class":89},[44,152181,103],{"class":58},[44,152183,236],{"class":235},[44,152185,1164],{"class":239},[44,152187,236],{"class":235},[44,152189,66],{"class":58},[44,152191,4867],{"class":62},[44,152193,66],{"class":58},[44,152195,74],{"class":62},[44,152197,4730],{"class":58},[44,152199,27128],{"class":3035},[131,152201,102625],{"id":102624},[20,152203,152204,24857],{},[15,152205,148439],{},[145,152207,152208,152211],{},[148,152209,152210],{},"An integer",[148,152212,152213],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152215,152216],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152218,1578],{},[35,152220,152222],{"className":37,"code":152221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152223,152224,152264,152286],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152225,152226,152228,152230,152232,152234,152236,152238,152240,152242,152244,152246,152248,152250,152252,152254,152256,152258,152260,152262],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152227,107724],{"class":50},[44,152229,55],{"class":54},[44,152231,8607],{"class":58},[44,152233,236],{"class":235},[44,152235,36401],{"class":239},[44,152237,236],{"class":235},[44,152239,66],{"class":58},[44,152241,247],{"class":235},[44,152243,57487],{"class":239},[44,152245,236],{"class":235},[44,152247,66],{"class":58},[44,152249,247],{"class":235},[44,152251,57504],{"class":239},[44,152253,236],{"class":235},[44,152255,66],{"class":58},[44,152257,247],{"class":235},[44,152259,57487],{"class":239},[44,152261,236],{"class":235},[44,152263,108],{"class":58},[44,152265,152266,152268,152270,152272,152274,152276,152278,152280,152282,152284],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,152267,644],{"class":50},[44,152269,55],{"class":54},[44,152271,107767],{"class":50},[44,152273,86],{"class":58},[44,152275,35199],{"class":89},[44,152277,103],{"class":58},[44,152279,236],{"class":235},[44,152281,57487],{"class":239},[44,152283,236],{"class":235},[44,152285,108],{"class":58},[44,152287,152288,152290,152292,152294],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,152289,100],{"class":99},[44,152291,103],{"class":58},[44,152293,668],{"class":89},[44,152295,108],{"class":58},[20,152297,111],{},[35,152299,152300],{"className":37,"code":46276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152301,152302],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152303,152304],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152305,46276],{"class":62},[131,152307,152309],{"id":152308},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152311,1462,152312,9969],{},[15,152313,148439],{},[145,152315,152316,152318,152321],{},[148,152317,65460],{},[148,152319,152320],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[148,152322,152323],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152325,152326,152327,152330,152331,86],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152328,152329],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[167,152332,148907],{"href":152333},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[131,152335,64992],{"id":64991},[20,152337,152338,152339,86],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152340,40060],{},[20,152342,1578],{},[35,152344,152346],{"className":37,"code":152345,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152347,152348,152380],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152349,152350,152352,152354,152356,152358,152360,152362,152364,152366,152368,152370,152372,152374,152376,152378],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152351,228],{"class":50},[44,152353,55],{"class":54},[44,152355,8607],{"class":58},[44,152357,236],{"class":235},[44,152359,240],{"class":239},[44,152361,236],{"class":235},[44,152363,66],{"class":58},[44,152365,247],{"class":235},[44,152367,259],{"class":239},[44,152369,236],{"class":235},[44,152371,66],{"class":58},[44,152373,247],{"class":235},[44,152375,250],{"class":239},[44,152377,236],{"class":235},[44,152379,108],{"class":58},[44,152381,152382,152384,152386,152388,152390,152392,152394,152396,152398,152400],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,152383,100],{"class":99},[44,152385,103],{"class":58},[44,152387,274],{"class":89},[44,152389,86],{"class":58},[44,152391,35199],{"class":89},[44,152393,103],{"class":58},[44,152395,236],{"class":235},[44,152397,21871],{"class":239},[44,152399,236],{"class":235},[44,152401,993],{"class":58},[20,152403,39009,152404,152406],{},[15,152405,109049],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,152408,65067],{},[35,152410,152412],{"className":37,"code":152411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152413,152414,152446,152450,152466,152488,152494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152415,152416,152418,152420,152422,152424,152426,152428,152430,152432,152434,152436,152438,152440,152442,152444],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152417,228],{"class":50},[44,152419,55],{"class":54},[44,152421,8607],{"class":58},[44,152423,236],{"class":235},[44,152425,240],{"class":239},[44,152427,236],{"class":235},[44,152429,66],{"class":58},[44,152431,247],{"class":235},[44,152433,259],{"class":239},[44,152435,236],{"class":235},[44,152437,66],{"class":58},[44,152439,247],{"class":235},[44,152441,250],{"class":239},[44,152443,236],{"class":235},[44,152445,108],{"class":58},[44,152447,152448],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,152449,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,152451,152452,152454,152456,152458,152460,152462,152464],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,152453,6369],{"class":3245},[44,152455,247],{"class":235},[44,152457,21871],{"class":239},[44,152459,236],{"class":235},[44,152461,20521],{"class":54},[44,152463,12477],{"class":50},[44,152465,5764],{"class":58},[44,152467,152468,152470,152472,152474,152476,152478,152480,152482,152484,152486],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,152469,7442],{"class":99},[44,152471,103],{"class":58},[44,152473,274],{"class":89},[44,152475,86],{"class":58},[44,152477,35199],{"class":89},[44,152479,103],{"class":58},[44,152481,236],{"class":235},[44,152483,21871],{"class":239},[44,152485,236],{"class":235},[44,152487,993],{"class":58},[44,152489,152490,152492],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,152491,26782],{"class":3245},[44,152493,5764],{"class":58},[44,152495,152496,152498,152500,152502,152505,152507],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,152497,7442],{"class":99},[44,152499,103],{"class":58},[44,152501,236],{"class":235},[44,152503,152504],{"class":239},"Value not found",[44,152506,236],{"class":235},[44,152508,108],{"class":58},[20,152510,111],{},[35,152512,152514],{"className":37,"code":152513,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Value not found\n",[15,152515,152516],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152517,152518,152521,152523],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152519,152520],{"class":50},"Value ",[44,152522,604],{"class":54},[44,152524,65191],{"class":50},[20,152526,152527,152528,86],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[167,152529,65201],{"href":65200},[131,152531,350,152532,342,152534],{"id":64768},[15,152533,35426],{},[15,152535,52022],{},[20,152537,140,152538,342,152540,152542],{},[15,152539,35426],{},[15,152541,52022],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,152544,152545],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,152547,1578],{},[35,152549,152551],{"className":37,"code":152550,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,152552,152553,152581,152585,152606,152630],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152554,152555,152557,152559,152561,152563,152565,152567,152569,152571,152573,152575,152577,152579],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152556,3191],{"class":50},[44,152558,55],{"class":54},[44,152560,8607],{"class":58},[44,152562,1507],{"class":62},[44,152564,66],{"class":58},[44,152566,5375],{"class":62},[44,152568,66],{"class":58},[44,152570,3975],{"class":62},[44,152572,66],{"class":58},[44,152574,7163],{"class":62},[44,152576,66],{"class":58},[44,152578,3975],{"class":62},[44,152580,108],{"class":58},[44,152582,152583],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,152584,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,152586,152587,152589,152591,152593,152595,152597,152599,152601,152603],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,152588,100],{"class":99},[44,152590,103],{"class":58},[44,152592,4727],{"class":89},[44,152594,86],{"class":58},[44,152596,35199],{"class":89},[44,152598,103],{"class":58},[44,152600,1507],{"class":62},[44,152602,4730],{"class":58},[44,152604,152605],{"class":3035},"        # 0\n",[44,152607,152608,152610,152612,152614,152616,152618,152620,152622,152624,152626,152628],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,152609,100],{"class":99},[44,152611,103],{"class":58},[44,152613,4727],{"class":89},[44,152615,86],{"class":58},[44,152617,35199],{"class":89},[44,152619,103],{"class":58},[44,152621,1507],{"class":62},[44,152623,66],{"class":58},[44,152625,4867],{"class":62},[44,152627,4730],{"class":58},[44,152629,50313],{"class":3035},[44,152631,152632,152634,152636,152638,152640,152642,152644,152646,152648,152650,152652,152654,152656],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,152633,100],{"class":99},[44,152635,103],{"class":58},[44,152637,4727],{"class":89},[44,152639,86],{"class":58},[44,152641,35199],{"class":89},[44,152643,103],{"class":58},[44,152645,1507],{"class":62},[44,152647,66],{"class":58},[44,152649,74],{"class":62},[44,152651,66],{"class":58},[44,152653,3975],{"class":62},[44,152655,4730],{"class":58},[44,152657,50296],{"class":3035},[347,152659,152661],{"id":152660},"how-it-works","How it works",[145,152663,152664,152669,152674],{},[148,152665,152666,152668],{},[15,152667,35426],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[148,152670,152671,152673],{},[15,152672,52022],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[148,152675,140,152676,152678],{},[15,152677,52022],{}," position itself is not included",[20,152680,1578],{},[35,152682,152684],{"className":37,"code":152683,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,152685,152686,152714,152718],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152687,152688,152690,152692,152694,152696,152698,152700,152702,152704,152706,152708,152710,152712],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152689,3191],{"class":50},[44,152691,55],{"class":54},[44,152693,8607],{"class":58},[44,152695,1507],{"class":62},[44,152697,66],{"class":58},[44,152699,5375],{"class":62},[44,152701,66],{"class":58},[44,152703,3975],{"class":62},[44,152705,66],{"class":58},[44,152707,7163],{"class":62},[44,152709,66],{"class":58},[44,152711,3975],{"class":62},[44,152713,108],{"class":58},[44,152715,152716],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,152717,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,152719,152720,152722,152724,152726,152728,152730,152732,152734,152736,152738,152740,152742],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,152721,100],{"class":99},[44,152723,103],{"class":58},[44,152725,4727],{"class":89},[44,152727,86],{"class":58},[44,152729,35199],{"class":89},[44,152731,103],{"class":58},[44,152733,1507],{"class":62},[44,152735,66],{"class":58},[44,152737,4867],{"class":62},[44,152739,66],{"class":58},[44,152741,1827],{"class":62},[44,152743,993],{"class":58},[20,152745,111],{},[35,152747,152748],{"className":37,"code":16406,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152749,152750],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152751,152752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152753,16406],{"class":62},[20,152755,152756,152757,1559,152759,16422,152761,152763,152764,86],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,152758,63],{},[15,152760,1426],{},[15,152762,1432],{},", but not ",[15,152765,1875],{},[131,152767,152769],{"id":152768},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,152771,152772,152773,2255],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,152774,148439],{},[145,152776,152777,152785,152790,152797],{},[148,152778,152779,152780,152782,152783],{},"Do not confuse the ",[30,152781,1843],{}," with the ",[30,152784,35199],{},[148,152786,152787,152788],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,152789,1490],{},[148,152791,1462,152792,152796],{},[167,152793,148465,152794,1272],{"href":148517},[15,152795,56650],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[148,152798,152799,152800,152802],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,152801,152329],{}," when you already know the position",[20,152804,152805],{},"Example of value vs index:",[35,152807,152809],{"className":37,"code":152808,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,152810,152811,152843,152847,152871],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152812,152813,152815,152817,152819,152821,152823,152825,152827,152829,152831,152833,152835,152837,152839,152841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152814,35592],{"class":50},[44,152816,55],{"class":54},[44,152818,8607],{"class":58},[44,152820,236],{"class":235},[44,152822,3450],{"class":239},[44,152824,236],{"class":235},[44,152826,66],{"class":58},[44,152828,247],{"class":235},[44,152830,3459],{"class":239},[44,152832,236],{"class":235},[44,152834,66],{"class":58},[44,152836,247],{"class":235},[44,152838,32571],{"class":239},[44,152840,236],{"class":235},[44,152842,108],{"class":58},[44,152844,152845],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,152846,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,152848,152849,152851,152853,152855,152857,152859,152861,152863,152865,152867,152869],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,152850,100],{"class":99},[44,152852,103],{"class":58},[44,152854,35644],{"class":89},[44,152856,86],{"class":58},[44,152858,35199],{"class":89},[44,152860,103],{"class":58},[44,152862,236],{"class":235},[44,152864,3459],{"class":239},[44,152866,236],{"class":235},[44,152868,4730],{"class":58},[44,152870,27128],{"class":3035},[44,152872,152873,152875,152877,152879,152881,152883,152885],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,152874,100],{"class":99},[44,152876,103],{"class":58},[44,152878,35644],{"class":89},[44,152880,3270],{"class":58},[44,152882,63],{"class":62},[44,152884,19794],{"class":58},[44,152886,152887],{"class":3035},"               # banana\n",[20,152889,1548],{},[145,152891,152892,152896],{},[148,152893,152894,14600],{},[15,152895,64636],{},[148,152897,152898,152900],{},[15,152899,63],{}," is the index",[131,152902,2200],{"id":2199},[20,152904,105363,152905,2255],{},[15,152906,148439],{},[145,152908,152909,152912,152917,152922,152929],{},[148,152910,152911],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[148,152913,923,152914,152916],{},[15,152915,58328],{}," to return all matching positions",[148,152918,152919,152920],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,152921,1490],{},[148,152923,152924,152925,342,152927],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,152926,35426],{},[15,152928,52022],{},[148,152930,36558,152931,152933],{},[15,152932,148439],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[347,152935,60071],{"id":60070},[20,152937,93740],{},[35,152939,152941],{"className":37,"code":152940,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,152942,152943,152953,152967,152982,153000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152944,152945,152947,152949,152951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152946,100],{"class":99},[44,152948,103],{"class":58},[44,152950,147252],{"class":89},[44,152952,108],{"class":58},[44,152954,152955,152957,152959,152961,152963,152965],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,152956,100],{"class":99},[44,152958,103],{"class":58},[44,152960,10529],{"class":99},[44,152962,103],{"class":58},[44,152964,147252],{"class":89},[44,152966,993],{"class":58},[44,152968,152969,152971,152973,152975,152977,152980],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,152970,100],{"class":99},[44,152972,103],{"class":58},[44,152974,1817],{"class":89},[44,152976,3252],{"class":3245},[44,152978,152979],{"class":89}," my_tuple",[44,152981,108],{"class":58},[44,152983,152984,152986,152988,152990,152992,152994,152996,152998],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,152985,100],{"class":99},[44,152987,103],{"class":58},[44,152989,147252],{"class":89},[44,152991,86],{"class":58},[44,152993,40616],{"class":89},[44,152995,103],{"class":58},[44,152997,1843],{"class":89},[44,152999,993],{"class":58},[44,153001,153002,153004,153006,153008,153010,153012,153014,153016],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,153003,100],{"class":99},[44,153005,103],{"class":58},[44,153007,147252],{"class":89},[44,153009,86],{"class":58},[44,153011,35199],{"class":89},[44,153013,103],{"class":58},[44,153015,1843],{"class":89},[44,153017,993],{"class":58},[20,153019,153020,153021,83758,153023,153025],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153022,40060],{},[15,153024,1843],{}," is missing.",[20,153027,128869],{},[35,153029,153031],{"className":37,"code":153030,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153032,153033,153045,153063,153069],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153034,153035,153037,153039,153041,153043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153036,6369],{"class":3245},[44,153038,20932],{"class":50},[44,153040,3252],{"class":54},[44,153042,152979],{"class":50},[44,153044,5764],{"class":58},[44,153046,153047,153049,153051,153053,153055,153057,153059,153061],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,153048,7442],{"class":99},[44,153050,103],{"class":58},[44,153052,147252],{"class":89},[44,153054,86],{"class":58},[44,153056,35199],{"class":89},[44,153058,103],{"class":58},[44,153060,1843],{"class":89},[44,153062,993],{"class":58},[44,153064,153065,153067],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,153066,26782],{"class":3245},[44,153068,5764],{"class":58},[44,153070,153071,153073,153075,153077,153079,153081],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,153072,7442],{"class":99},[44,153074,103],{"class":58},[44,153076,236],{"class":235},[44,153078,152504],{"class":239},[44,153080,236],{"class":235},[44,153082,108],{"class":58},[131,153084,1196],{"id":1195},[347,153086,1200,153088,12073],{"id":153087},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153089,148439],{},[20,153091,153092],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[347,153094,153096],{"id":153095},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153098,153099,151966],{},[15,153100,148439],{},[347,153102,148418],{"id":148417},[20,153104,76219,153105,86],{},[15,153106,40060],{},[347,153108,153110],{"id":153109},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153112,153113,153114,342,153116,153118],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153115,35426],{},[15,153117,52022],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[347,153120,14257,153122,56565,153124,1239],{"id":153121},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153123,148439],{},[15,153125,64227],{},[20,153127,153128],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[131,153130,1251],{"id":1250},[145,153132,153133,153139,153143,153148,153152],{},[148,153134,153135],{},[167,153136,148465,153137,1272],{"href":148517},[15,153138,56650],{},[148,153140,153141],{},[167,153142,148907],{"href":152333},[148,153144,153145],{},[167,153146,153147],{"href":150213},"Creating a tuple in Python",[148,153149,153150],{},[167,153151,65201],{"href":65200},[148,153153,153154],{},[167,153155,150161],{"href":151971},[1294,153157,153158],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175,"children":153165},[153166],{"id":16744,"depth":96,"text":16745},{"id":102624,"depth":80,"text":102625},{"id":152308,"depth":80,"text":152309},{"id":64991,"depth":80,"text":64992},{"id":64768,"depth":80,"text":65551,"children":153171},[153172],{"id":152660,"depth":96,"text":152661},{"id":152768,"depth":80,"text":152769},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200,"children":153175},[153176],{"id":60070,"depth":96,"text":60071},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":153178},[153179,153181,153182,153183,153184],{"id":153087,"depth":96,"text":153180},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153095,"depth":96,"text":153096},{"id":148417,"depth":96,"text":148418},{"id":153109,"depth":96,"text":153110},{"id":153121,"depth":96,"text":153185},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":151773,"description":153187},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153194,"title":153195,"body":153196,"description":154591,"extension":1331,"meta":154592,"navigation":268,"path":152333,"seo":154593,"stem":154594,"__hash__":154595},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153197,"toc":154573},[153198,153201,153204,153207,153221,153223,153226,153320,153330,153336,153340,153343,153346,153348,153366,153368,153439,153441,153458,153462,153466,153469,153486,153489,153504,153506,153597,153600,153604,153607,153624,153626,153721,153724,153727,153731,153734,153828,153830,153849,153852,153856,153859,153861,153916,153918,153953,153956,153970,153978,154071,154080,154084,154087,154094,154097,154144,154146,154154,154157,154208,154210,154227,154232,154236,154239,154242,154244,154295,154298,154353,154356,154359,154361,154364,154384,154386,154459,154462,154475,154477,154481,154486,154490,154495,154512,154516,154519,154536,154540,154543,154545,154570],[10,153199,153195],{"id":153200},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153202,153203],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153205,153206],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[145,153208,153209,153212,153215,153218],{},[148,153210,153211],{},"positive indexes",[148,153213,153214],{},"negative indexes",[148,153216,153217],{},"common indexing mistakes",[148,153219,153220],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[131,153222,2979],{"id":2978},[20,153224,153225],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[35,153227,153229],{"className":37,"code":153228,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153230,153231,153263,153267,153284,153301],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153232,153233,153235,153237,153239,153241,153243,153245,153247,153249,153251,153253,153255,153257,153259,153261],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153234,228],{"class":50},[44,153236,55],{"class":54},[44,153238,8607],{"class":58},[44,153240,236],{"class":235},[44,153242,240],{"class":239},[44,153244,236],{"class":235},[44,153246,66],{"class":58},[44,153248,247],{"class":235},[44,153250,250],{"class":239},[44,153252,236],{"class":235},[44,153254,66],{"class":58},[44,153256,247],{"class":235},[44,153258,259],{"class":239},[44,153260,236],{"class":235},[44,153262,108],{"class":58},[44,153264,153265],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,153266,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,153268,153269,153271,153273,153275,153277,153279,153281],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,153270,100],{"class":99},[44,153272,103],{"class":58},[44,153274,274],{"class":89},[44,153276,3270],{"class":58},[44,153278,1490],{"class":62},[44,153280,19794],{"class":58},[44,153282,153283],{"class":3035},"   # red\n",[44,153285,153286,153288,153290,153292,153294,153296,153298],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,153287,100],{"class":99},[44,153289,103],{"class":58},[44,153291,274],{"class":89},[44,153293,3270],{"class":58},[44,153295,63],{"class":62},[44,153297,19794],{"class":58},[44,153299,153300],{"class":3035},"   # green\n",[44,153302,153303,153305,153307,153309,153311,153313,153315,153317],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,153304,100],{"class":99},[44,153306,103],{"class":58},[44,153308,274],{"class":89},[44,153310,3270],{"class":58},[44,153312,1391],{"class":54},[44,153314,63],{"class":62},[44,153316,19794],{"class":58},[44,153318,153319],{"class":3035},"  # blue\n",[145,153321,153322,153327],{},[148,153323,131658,153324,153326],{},[15,153325,1490],{}," is the first item.",[148,153328,153329],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153331,153332,153333,86],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[167,153334,153335],{"href":147237},"how to create a tuple in Python",[131,153337,153339],{"id":153338},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153341,153342],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153344,153345],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153347,10822],{},[145,153349,153350,153353,153360,153363],{},[148,153351,153352],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[148,153354,153355,153356,18311,153358],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153357,1490],{},[15,153359,63],{},[148,153361,153362],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[148,153364,153365],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153367,1578],{},[35,153369,153371],{"className":37,"code":153370,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153372,153373,153393,153397,153411,153425],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153374,153375,153377,153379,153381,153383,153385,153387,153389,153391],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153376,51],{"class":50},[44,153378,55],{"class":54},[44,153380,8607],{"class":58},[44,153382,1701],{"class":62},[44,153384,66],{"class":58},[44,153386,7163],{"class":62},[44,153388,66],{"class":58},[44,153390,7168],{"class":62},[44,153392,108],{"class":58},[44,153394,153395],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,153396,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,153398,153399,153401,153403,153405,153407,153409],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,153400,100],{"class":99},[44,153402,103],{"class":58},[44,153404,83],{"class":89},[44,153406,3270],{"class":58},[44,153408,1490],{"class":62},[44,153410,3258],{"class":58},[44,153412,153413,153415,153417,153419,153421,153423],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,153414,100],{"class":99},[44,153416,103],{"class":58},[44,153418,83],{"class":89},[44,153420,3270],{"class":58},[44,153422,63],{"class":62},[44,153424,3258],{"class":58},[44,153426,153427,153429,153431,153433,153435,153437],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,153428,100],{"class":99},[44,153430,103],{"class":58},[44,153432,83],{"class":89},[44,153434,3270],{"class":58},[44,153436,1426],{"class":62},[44,153438,3258],{"class":58},[20,153440,111],{},[35,153442,153444],{"className":37,"code":153443,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,153445,153446,153450,153454],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153447,153448],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153449,1747],{"class":62},[44,153451,153452],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,153453,70586],{"class":62},[44,153455,153456],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,153457,69202],{"class":62},[20,153459,58753,153460,86],{},[167,153461,147234],{"href":147233},[131,153463,153465],{"id":153464},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,153467,153468],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[145,153470,153471,153476,153481],{},[148,153472,153473,153475],{},[15,153474,1490],{}," = first item",[148,153477,153478,153480],{},[15,153479,63],{}," = second item",[148,153482,153483,153485],{},[15,153484,1426],{}," = third item",[20,153487,153488],{},"Pattern:",[35,153490,153492],{"className":37,"code":153491,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,153493,153494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153495,153496,153498,153500,153502],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153497,151989],{"class":50},[44,153499,3270],{"class":58},[44,153501,35199],{"class":50},[44,153503,3006],{"class":58},[20,153505,1578],{},[35,153507,153509],{"className":37,"code":153508,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,153510,153511,153543,153547,153564,153580],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153512,153513,153515,153517,153519,153521,153523,153525,153527,153529,153531,153533,153535,153537,153539,153541],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153514,35592],{"class":50},[44,153516,55],{"class":54},[44,153518,8607],{"class":58},[44,153520,236],{"class":235},[44,153522,3450],{"class":239},[44,153524,236],{"class":235},[44,153526,66],{"class":58},[44,153528,247],{"class":235},[44,153530,3459],{"class":239},[44,153532,236],{"class":235},[44,153534,66],{"class":58},[44,153536,247],{"class":235},[44,153538,3468],{"class":239},[44,153540,236],{"class":235},[44,153542,108],{"class":58},[44,153544,153545],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,153546,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,153548,153549,153551,153553,153555,153557,153559,153561],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,153550,100],{"class":99},[44,153552,103],{"class":58},[44,153554,35644],{"class":89},[44,153556,3270],{"class":58},[44,153558,1490],{"class":62},[44,153560,19794],{"class":58},[44,153562,153563],{"class":3035},"  # apple\n",[44,153565,153566,153568,153570,153572,153574,153576,153578],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,153567,100],{"class":99},[44,153569,103],{"class":58},[44,153571,35644],{"class":89},[44,153573,3270],{"class":58},[44,153575,63],{"class":62},[44,153577,19794],{"class":58},[44,153579,50847],{"class":3035},[44,153581,153582,153584,153586,153588,153590,153592,153594],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,153583,100],{"class":99},[44,153585,103],{"class":58},[44,153587,35644],{"class":89},[44,153589,3270],{"class":58},[44,153591,1426],{"class":62},[44,153593,19794],{"class":58},[44,153595,153596],{"class":3035},"  # cherry\n",[20,153598,153599],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[131,153601,153603],{"id":153602},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,153605,153606],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[145,153608,153609,153614,153619],{},[148,153610,153611,153613],{},[15,153612,65216],{}," = last item",[148,153615,153616,153618],{},[15,153617,94770],{}," = second-to-last item",[148,153620,153621,153623],{},[15,153622,47030],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,153625,1578],{},[35,153627,153629],{"className":37,"code":153628,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,153630,153631,153663,153667,153685,153703],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153632,153633,153635,153637,153639,153641,153643,153645,153647,153649,153651,153653,153655,153657,153659,153661],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153634,35592],{"class":50},[44,153636,55],{"class":54},[44,153638,8607],{"class":58},[44,153640,236],{"class":235},[44,153642,3450],{"class":239},[44,153644,236],{"class":235},[44,153646,66],{"class":58},[44,153648,247],{"class":235},[44,153650,3459],{"class":239},[44,153652,236],{"class":235},[44,153654,66],{"class":58},[44,153656,247],{"class":235},[44,153658,3468],{"class":239},[44,153660,236],{"class":235},[44,153662,108],{"class":58},[44,153664,153665],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,153666,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,153668,153669,153671,153673,153675,153677,153679,153681,153683],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,153670,100],{"class":99},[44,153672,103],{"class":58},[44,153674,35644],{"class":89},[44,153676,3270],{"class":58},[44,153678,1391],{"class":54},[44,153680,63],{"class":62},[44,153682,19794],{"class":58},[44,153684,153596],{"class":3035},[44,153686,153687,153689,153691,153693,153695,153697,153699,153701],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,153688,100],{"class":99},[44,153690,103],{"class":58},[44,153692,35644],{"class":89},[44,153694,3270],{"class":58},[44,153696,1391],{"class":54},[44,153698,1426],{"class":62},[44,153700,19794],{"class":58},[44,153702,50847],{"class":3035},[44,153704,153705,153707,153709,153711,153713,153715,153717,153719],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,153706,100],{"class":99},[44,153708,103],{"class":58},[44,153710,35644],{"class":89},[44,153712,3270],{"class":58},[44,153714,1391],{"class":54},[44,153716,1432],{"class":62},[44,153718,19794],{"class":58},[44,153720,153563],{"class":3035},[20,153722,153723],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,153725,153726],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[131,153728,153730],{"id":153729},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,153732,153733],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[35,153735,153737],{"className":37,"code":153736,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,153738,153739,153771,153775,153792,153809],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153740,153741,153743,153745,153747,153749,153751,153753,153755,153757,153759,153761,153763,153765,153767,153769],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153742,4365],{"class":50},[44,153744,55],{"class":54},[44,153746,8607],{"class":58},[44,153748,236],{"class":235},[44,153750,12237],{"class":239},[44,153752,236],{"class":235},[44,153754,66],{"class":58},[44,153756,247],{"class":235},[44,153758,35294],{"class":239},[44,153760,236],{"class":235},[44,153762,66],{"class":58},[44,153764,247],{"class":235},[44,153766,35303],{"class":239},[44,153768,236],{"class":235},[44,153770,108],{"class":58},[44,153772,153773],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,153774,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,153776,153777,153779,153781,153783,153785,153787,153789],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,153778,100],{"class":99},[44,153780,103],{"class":58},[44,153782,4409],{"class":89},[44,153784,3270],{"class":58},[44,153786,1490],{"class":62},[44,153788,19794],{"class":58},[44,153790,153791],{"class":3035},"   # first item\n",[44,153793,153794,153796,153798,153800,153802,153804,153806],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,153795,100],{"class":99},[44,153797,103],{"class":58},[44,153799,4409],{"class":89},[44,153801,3270],{"class":58},[44,153803,63],{"class":62},[44,153805,19794],{"class":58},[44,153807,153808],{"class":3035},"   # middle item\n",[44,153810,153811,153813,153815,153817,153819,153821,153823,153825],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,153812,100],{"class":99},[44,153814,103],{"class":58},[44,153816,4409],{"class":89},[44,153818,3270],{"class":58},[44,153820,1391],{"class":54},[44,153822,63],{"class":62},[44,153824,19794],{"class":58},[44,153826,153827],{"class":3035},"  # last item\n",[20,153829,111],{},[35,153831,153833],{"className":37,"code":153832,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,153834,153835,153839,153844],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153836,153837],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153838,49400],{"class":50},[44,153840,153841],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,153842,153843],{"class":50},"Ben\n",[44,153845,153846],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,153847,153848],{"class":50},"Cara\n",[20,153850,153851],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[131,153853,153855],{"id":153854},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,153857,153858],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,153860,1578],{},[35,153862,153864],{"className":37,"code":153863,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,153865,153866,153898,153902],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153867,153868,153870,153872,153874,153876,153878,153880,153882,153884,153886,153888,153890,153892,153894,153896],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153869,35444],{"class":50},[44,153871,55],{"class":54},[44,153873,8607],{"class":58},[44,153875,236],{"class":235},[44,153877,167],{"class":239},[44,153879,236],{"class":235},[44,153881,66],{"class":58},[44,153883,247],{"class":235},[44,153885,1164],{"class":239},[44,153887,236],{"class":235},[44,153889,66],{"class":58},[44,153891,247],{"class":235},[44,153893,9109],{"class":239},[44,153895,236],{"class":235},[44,153897,108],{"class":58},[44,153899,153900],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,153901,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,153903,153904,153906,153908,153910,153912,153914],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,153905,100],{"class":99},[44,153907,103],{"class":58},[44,153909,35497],{"class":89},[44,153911,3270],{"class":58},[44,153913,1507],{"class":62},[44,153915,3258],{"class":58},[20,153917,111],{},[35,153919,153921],{"className":37,"code":153920,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,153922,153923,153935,153940],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153924,153925,153928,153930,153933],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153926,153927],{"class":89},"Traceback ",[44,153929,103],{"class":58},[44,153931,153932],{"class":89},"most recent call last",[44,153934,7716],{"class":58},[44,153936,153937],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,153938,153939],{"class":33804},"  ...\n",[44,153941,153942,153944,153946,153948,153951],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,153943,70093],{"class":121},[44,153945,2255],{"class":58},[44,153947,148600],{"class":121},[44,153949,153950],{"class":50}," index out of ",[44,153952,70285],{"class":99},[20,153954,153955],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[145,153957,153958,153962,153966],{},[148,153959,153960],{},[15,153961,1490],{},[148,153963,153964],{},[15,153965,63],{},[148,153967,153968],{},[15,153969,1426],{},[20,153971,153972,153973,86],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[167,153974,153975,153977],{"href":148472},[15,153976,41718],{}," on a tuple",[35,153979,153981],{"className":37,"code":153980,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,153982,153983,154015,154019,154035,154039,154057],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153984,153985,153987,153989,153991,153993,153995,153997,153999,154001,154003,154005,154007,154009,154011,154013],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153986,35444],{"class":50},[44,153988,55],{"class":54},[44,153990,8607],{"class":58},[44,153992,236],{"class":235},[44,153994,167],{"class":239},[44,153996,236],{"class":235},[44,153998,66],{"class":58},[44,154000,247],{"class":235},[44,154002,1164],{"class":239},[44,154004,236],{"class":235},[44,154006,66],{"class":58},[44,154008,247],{"class":235},[44,154010,9109],{"class":239},[44,154012,236],{"class":235},[44,154014,108],{"class":58},[44,154016,154017],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,154018,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,154020,154021,154023,154025,154027,154029,154031,154033],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,154022,100],{"class":99},[44,154024,103],{"class":58},[44,154026,10529],{"class":99},[44,154028,103],{"class":58},[44,154030,35497],{"class":89},[44,154032,4730],{"class":58},[44,154034,50131],{"class":3035},[44,154036,154037],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,154038,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,154040,154041,154043,154045,154047,154049,154051,154053,154055],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,154042,6369],{"class":3245},[44,154044,37741],{"class":99},[44,154046,103],{"class":58},[44,154048,35497],{"class":89},[44,154050,3032],{"class":58},[44,154052,37751],{"class":54},[44,154054,69],{"class":62},[44,154056,5764],{"class":58},[44,154058,154059,154061,154063,154065,154067,154069],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,154060,7442],{"class":99},[44,154062,103],{"class":58},[44,154064,35497],{"class":89},[44,154066,3270],{"class":58},[44,154068,1426],{"class":62},[44,154070,3258],{"class":58},[20,154072,154073,154074,86],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[167,154075,25028,154077],{"href":154076},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154078,154079],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[131,154081,154083],{"id":154082},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154085,154086],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[145,154088,154089,154091],{},[148,154090,76236],{},[148,154092,154093],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154095,154096],{},"Indexing example:",[35,154098,154100],{"className":37,"code":154099,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154101,154102,154126,154130],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154103,154104,154106,154108,154110,154112,154114,154116,154118,154120,154122,154124],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154105,51],{"class":50},[44,154107,55],{"class":54},[44,154109,8607],{"class":58},[44,154111,1701],{"class":62},[44,154113,66],{"class":58},[44,154115,7163],{"class":62},[44,154117,66],{"class":58},[44,154119,7168],{"class":62},[44,154121,66],{"class":58},[44,154123,50204],{"class":62},[44,154125,108],{"class":58},[44,154127,154128],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,154129,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,154131,154132,154134,154136,154138,154140,154142],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,154133,100],{"class":99},[44,154135,103],{"class":58},[44,154137,83],{"class":89},[44,154139,3270],{"class":58},[44,154141,63],{"class":62},[44,154143,3258],{"class":58},[20,154145,111],{},[35,154147,154148],{"className":37,"code":70586,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,154149,154150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154151,154152],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154153,70586],{"class":62},[20,154155,154156],{},"Slicing example:",[35,154158,154160],{"className":37,"code":154159,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154161,154162,154186,154190],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154163,154164,154166,154168,154170,154172,154174,154176,154178,154180,154182,154184],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154165,51],{"class":50},[44,154167,55],{"class":54},[44,154169,8607],{"class":58},[44,154171,1701],{"class":62},[44,154173,66],{"class":58},[44,154175,7163],{"class":62},[44,154177,66],{"class":58},[44,154179,7168],{"class":62},[44,154181,66],{"class":58},[44,154183,50204],{"class":62},[44,154185,108],{"class":58},[44,154187,154188],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,154189,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,154191,154192,154194,154196,154198,154200,154202,154204,154206],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,154193,100],{"class":99},[44,154195,103],{"class":58},[44,154197,83],{"class":89},[44,154199,3270],{"class":58},[44,154201,63],{"class":62},[44,154203,2255],{"class":58},[44,154205,1432],{"class":62},[44,154207,3258],{"class":58},[20,154209,111],{},[35,154211,154213],{"className":37,"code":154212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154214,154215],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154216,154217,154219,154221,154223,154225],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154218,103],{"class":58},[44,154220,15105],{"class":62},[44,154222,66],{"class":58},[44,154224,7168],{"class":62},[44,154226,108],{"class":58},[20,154228,154229,154230,86],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[167,154231,150151],{"href":150150},[131,154233,154235],{"id":154234},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154237,154238],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154240,154241],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154243,6059],{},[35,154245,154247],{"className":37,"code":154246,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154248,154249,154281],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154250,154251,154253,154255,154257,154259,154261,154263,154265,154267,154269,154271,154273,154275,154277,154279],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154252,228],{"class":50},[44,154254,55],{"class":54},[44,154256,8607],{"class":58},[44,154258,236],{"class":235},[44,154260,240],{"class":239},[44,154262,236],{"class":235},[44,154264,66],{"class":58},[44,154266,247],{"class":235},[44,154268,250],{"class":239},[44,154270,236],{"class":235},[44,154272,66],{"class":58},[44,154274,247],{"class":235},[44,154276,259],{"class":239},[44,154278,236],{"class":235},[44,154280,108],{"class":58},[44,154282,154283,154285,154287,154289,154291,154293],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,154284,100],{"class":99},[44,154286,103],{"class":58},[44,154288,274],{"class":89},[44,154290,3270],{"class":58},[44,154292,63],{"class":62},[44,154294,3258],{"class":58},[20,154296,154297],{},"But this does not work:",[35,154299,154301],{"className":37,"code":154300,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154302,154303,154335],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154304,154305,154307,154309,154311,154313,154315,154317,154319,154321,154323,154325,154327,154329,154331,154333],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154306,228],{"class":50},[44,154308,55],{"class":54},[44,154310,8607],{"class":58},[44,154312,236],{"class":235},[44,154314,240],{"class":239},[44,154316,236],{"class":235},[44,154318,66],{"class":58},[44,154320,247],{"class":235},[44,154322,250],{"class":239},[44,154324,236],{"class":235},[44,154326,66],{"class":58},[44,154328,247],{"class":235},[44,154330,259],{"class":239},[44,154332,236],{"class":235},[44,154334,108],{"class":58},[44,154336,154337,154339,154341,154343,154345,154347,154349,154351],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,154338,274],{"class":50},[44,154340,3270],{"class":58},[44,154342,63],{"class":62},[44,154344,12627],{"class":58},[44,154346,12630],{"class":54},[44,154348,247],{"class":235},[44,154350,21871],{"class":239},[44,154352,2727],{"class":235},[20,154354,154355],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154357,154358],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[131,154360,2200],{"id":2199},[20,154362,154363],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[145,154365,154366,154372,154375,154378],{},[148,154367,131962,154368,10459,154370],{},[15,154369,63],{},[15,154371,1490],{},[148,154373,154374],{},"Using an index that is too large",[148,154376,154377],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[148,154379,154380,154381],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154382,154383],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154385,61656],{},[35,154387,154389],{"className":37,"code":154388,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154390,154391,154401,154415,154429,154445],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154392,154393,154395,154397,154399],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154394,100],{"class":99},[44,154396,103],{"class":58},[44,154398,147252],{"class":89},[44,154400,108],{"class":58},[44,154402,154403,154405,154407,154409,154411,154413],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,154404,100],{"class":99},[44,154406,103],{"class":58},[44,154408,10529],{"class":99},[44,154410,103],{"class":58},[44,154412,147252],{"class":89},[44,154414,993],{"class":58},[44,154416,154417,154419,154421,154423,154425,154427],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,154418,100],{"class":99},[44,154420,103],{"class":58},[44,154422,147252],{"class":89},[44,154424,3270],{"class":58},[44,154426,1490],{"class":62},[44,154428,3258],{"class":58},[44,154430,154431,154433,154435,154437,154439,154441,154443],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,154432,100],{"class":99},[44,154434,103],{"class":58},[44,154436,147252],{"class":89},[44,154438,3270],{"class":58},[44,154440,1391],{"class":54},[44,154442,63],{"class":62},[44,154444,3258],{"class":58},[44,154446,154447,154449,154451,154453,154455,154457],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,154448,100],{"class":99},[44,154450,103],{"class":58},[44,154452,985],{"class":121},[44,154454,103],{"class":58},[44,154456,147252],{"class":89},[44,154458,993],{"class":58},[20,154460,154461],{},"These can help you confirm:",[145,154463,154464,154467,154469,154472],{},[148,154465,154466],{},"what the tuple contains",[148,154468,60145],{},[148,154470,154471],{},"what the first and last items are",[148,154473,154474],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[131,154476,1196],{"id":1195},[347,154478,154480],{"id":154479},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,154482,154483,154484,86],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,154485,1490],{},[347,154487,154489],{"id":154488},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,154491,1462,154492,154494],{},[15,154493,65216],{}," as the index:",[35,154496,154498],{"className":37,"code":154497,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,154499,154500],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154501,154502,154504,154506,154508,154510],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154503,147252],{"class":50},[44,154505,3270],{"class":58},[44,154507,1391],{"class":54},[44,154509,63],{"class":62},[44,154511,3006],{"class":58},[347,154513,154515],{"id":154514},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,154517,154518],{},"Python raises:",[35,154520,154522],{"className":37,"code":154521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154523,154524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154525,154526,154528,154530,154532,154534],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154527,70093],{"class":121},[44,154529,2255],{"class":58},[44,154531,148600],{"class":121},[44,154533,153950],{"class":50},[44,154535,70285],{"class":99},[347,154537,154539],{"id":154538},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,154541,154542],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[131,154544,1251],{"id":1250},[145,154546,154547,154552,154556,154560,154566],{},[148,154548,154549],{},[167,154550,154551],{"href":147237},"How to create a tuple in Python",[148,154553,154554],{},[167,154555,150151],{"href":150150},[148,154557,154558],{},[167,154559,150156],{"href":148472},[148,154561,154562],{},[167,154563,25470,154564],{"href":154076},[15,154565,154079],{},[148,154567,154568],{},[167,154569,147234],{"href":147233},[1294,154571,154572],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":154574},[154575,154576,154577,154578,154579,154580,154581,154582,154583,154584,154590],{"id":2978,"depth":80,"text":2979},{"id":153338,"depth":80,"text":153339},{"id":153464,"depth":80,"text":153465},{"id":153602,"depth":80,"text":153603},{"id":153729,"depth":80,"text":153730},{"id":153854,"depth":80,"text":153855},{"id":154082,"depth":80,"text":154083},{"id":154234,"depth":80,"text":154235},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":154585},[154586,154587,154588,154589],{"id":154479,"depth":96,"text":154480},{"id":154488,"depth":96,"text":154489},{"id":154514,"depth":96,"text":154515},{"id":154538,"depth":96,"text":154539},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153195,"description":154591},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":154597,"title":154598,"body":154599,"description":156488,"extension":1331,"meta":156489,"navigation":268,"path":156490,"seo":156491,"stem":156492,"__hash__":156493},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":154600,"toc":156445},[154601,154607,154612,154663,154667,154675,154681,154683,154699,154701,154704,154719,154721,154734,154736,154793,154797,154805,154812,154818,154824,154828,154879,154883,154891,154895,154924,154928,154936,154940,154973,154977,154985,154989,154992,155043,155047,155055,155057,155074,155078,155082,155141,155145,155153,155156,155183,155187,155195,155199,155205,155280,155284,155321,155329,155333,155396,155400,155408,155413,155417,155423,155466,155470,155478,155484,155487,155534,155538,155546,155555,155561,155616,155620,155628,155631,155635,155637,155668,155672,155691,155694,155739,155743,155766,155772,155777,155779,155826,155831,155834,155882,155886,155894,155898,155903,155907,155957,155961,155976,155980,156038,156042,156057,156061,156132,156136,156145,156149,156228,156232,156254,156262,156264,156267,156292,156294,156347,156349,156366,156368,156372,156378,156383,156388,156392,156397,156401,156406,156412,156415,156417,156442],[10,154602,154604,154605,3032],{"id":154603},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,154606,10529],{},[20,154608,1462,154609,154611],{},[15,154610,41718],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[35,154613,154615],{"className":37,"code":154614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,154616,154617,154649],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154618,154619,154621,154623,154625,154627,154629,154631,154633,154635,154637,154639,154641,154643,154645,154647],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154620,228],{"class":50},[44,154622,55],{"class":54},[44,154624,8607],{"class":58},[44,154626,236],{"class":235},[44,154628,240],{"class":239},[44,154630,236],{"class":235},[44,154632,66],{"class":58},[44,154634,247],{"class":235},[44,154636,250],{"class":239},[44,154638,236],{"class":235},[44,154640,66],{"class":58},[44,154642,247],{"class":235},[44,154644,259],{"class":239},[44,154646,236],{"class":235},[44,154648,108],{"class":58},[44,154650,154651,154653,154655,154657,154659,154661],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,154652,100],{"class":99},[44,154654,103],{"class":58},[44,154656,10529],{"class":99},[44,154658,103],{"class":58},[44,154660,274],{"class":89},[44,154662,993],{"class":58},[20,154664,154665],{},[30,154666,111],{},[35,154668,154669],{"className":37,"code":45976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,154670,154671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154672,154673],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154674,45976],{"class":62},[20,154676,1462,154677,154680],{},[15,154678,154679],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[131,154682,14516],{"id":14515},[145,154684,154685,154690,154694,154697],{},[148,154686,3570,154687,154689],{},[15,154688,41718],{}," works with tuples",[148,154691,67620,154692,11065],{},[15,154693,41718],{},[148,154695,154696],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[148,154698,784],{},[131,154700,175],{"id":174},[20,154702,154703],{},"Use this pattern:",[35,154705,154707],{"className":37,"code":154706,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,154708,154709],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154710,154711,154713,154715,154717],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154712,10529],{"class":99},[44,154714,103],{"class":58},[44,154716,147252],{"class":89},[44,154718,108],{"class":58},[20,154720,10822],{},[145,154722,154723,154726,154729],{},[148,154724,154725],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[148,154727,154728],{},"The result is an integer",[148,154730,154731,154733],{},[15,154732,41718],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,154735,1578],{},[35,154737,154739],{"className":37,"code":154738,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,154740,154741,154765,154779,154783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154742,154743,154745,154747,154749,154751,154753,154755,154757,154759,154761,154763],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154744,51],{"class":50},[44,154746,55],{"class":54},[44,154748,8607],{"class":58},[44,154750,1701],{"class":62},[44,154752,66],{"class":58},[44,154754,7163],{"class":62},[44,154756,66],{"class":58},[44,154758,7168],{"class":62},[44,154760,66],{"class":58},[44,154762,50204],{"class":62},[44,154764,108],{"class":58},[44,154766,154767,154769,154771,154773,154775,154777],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,154768,40598],{"class":50},[44,154770,55],{"class":54},[44,154772,37741],{"class":99},[44,154774,103],{"class":58},[44,154776,83],{"class":89},[44,154778,108],{"class":58},[44,154780,154781],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,154782,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,154784,154785,154787,154789,154791],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,154786,100],{"class":99},[44,154788,103],{"class":58},[44,154790,40616],{"class":89},[44,154792,108],{"class":58},[20,154794,154795],{},[30,154796,111],{},[35,154798,154799],{"className":37,"code":48010,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,154800,154801],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154802,154803],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154804,48010],{"class":62},[20,154806,154807,154808,86],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[167,154809,2945,154810,2878],{"href":41715},[15,154811,41718],{},[131,154813,134,154815,154817],{"id":154814},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,154816,41718],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,154819,154820,154821,154823],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,154822,41718],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[347,154825,154827],{"id":154826},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[35,154829,154831],{"className":37,"code":154830,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,154832,154833,154865],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154834,154835,154837,154839,154841,154843,154845,154847,154849,154851,154853,154855,154857,154859,154861,154863],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154836,35592],{"class":50},[44,154838,55],{"class":54},[44,154840,8607],{"class":58},[44,154842,236],{"class":235},[44,154844,3450],{"class":239},[44,154846,236],{"class":235},[44,154848,66],{"class":58},[44,154850,247],{"class":235},[44,154852,3459],{"class":239},[44,154854,236],{"class":235},[44,154856,66],{"class":58},[44,154858,247],{"class":235},[44,154860,32571],{"class":239},[44,154862,236],{"class":235},[44,154864,108],{"class":58},[44,154866,154867,154869,154871,154873,154875,154877],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,154868,100],{"class":99},[44,154870,103],{"class":58},[44,154872,10529],{"class":99},[44,154874,103],{"class":58},[44,154876,35644],{"class":89},[44,154878,993],{"class":58},[20,154880,154881],{},[30,154882,111],{},[35,154884,154885],{"className":37,"code":45976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,154886,154887],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154888,154889],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154890,45976],{"class":62},[347,154892,154894],{"id":154893},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[35,154896,154898],{"className":37,"code":154897,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,154899,154900,154909],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154901,154902,154905,154907],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154903,154904],{"class":50},"empty_tuple ",[44,154906,55],{"class":54},[44,154908,148576],{"class":58},[44,154910,154911,154913,154915,154917,154919,154922],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,154912,100],{"class":99},[44,154914,103],{"class":58},[44,154916,10529],{"class":99},[44,154918,103],{"class":58},[44,154920,154921],{"class":89},"empty_tuple",[44,154923,993],{"class":58},[20,154925,154926],{},[30,154927,111],{},[35,154929,154930],{"className":37,"code":46611,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,154931,154932],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154933,154934],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154935,46611],{"class":62},[347,154937,154939],{"id":154938},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[35,154941,154943],{"className":37,"code":154942,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,154944,154945,154958],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154946,154947,154950,154952,154954,154956],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154948,154949],{"class":50},"single_value ",[44,154951,55],{"class":54},[44,154953,8607],{"class":58},[44,154955,1507],{"class":62},[44,154957,148590],{"class":58},[44,154959,154960,154962,154964,154966,154968,154971],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,154961,100],{"class":99},[44,154963,103],{"class":58},[44,154965,10529],{"class":99},[44,154967,103],{"class":58},[44,154969,154970],{"class":89},"single_value",[44,154972,993],{"class":58},[20,154974,154975],{},[30,154976,111],{},[35,154978,154979],{"className":37,"code":46276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,154980,154981],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154982,154983],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154984,46276],{"class":62},[347,154986,154988],{"id":154987},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,154990,154991],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[35,154993,154995],{"className":37,"code":154994,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,154996,154997,155029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154998,154999,155001,155003,155005,155007,155009,155011,155013,155015,155017,155019,155021,155023,155025,155027],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155000,8536],{"class":50},[44,155002,55],{"class":54},[44,155004,8607],{"class":58},[44,155006,63],{"class":62},[44,155008,66],{"class":58},[44,155010,8607],{"class":58},[44,155012,1426],{"class":62},[44,155014,66],{"class":58},[44,155016,74],{"class":62},[44,155018,8604],{"class":58},[44,155020,2993],{"class":58},[44,155022,1875],{"class":62},[44,155024,66],{"class":58},[44,155026,3975],{"class":62},[44,155028,3258],{"class":58},[44,155030,155031,155033,155035,155037,155039,155041],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,155032,100],{"class":99},[44,155034,103],{"class":58},[44,155036,10529],{"class":99},[44,155038,103],{"class":58},[44,155040,8575],{"class":89},[44,155042,993],{"class":58},[20,155044,155045],{},[30,155046,111],{},[35,155048,155049],{"className":37,"code":45976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155050,155051],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155052,155053],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155054,45976],{"class":62},[20,155056,19305],{},[145,155058,155059,155064,155069],{},[148,155060,155061,155063],{},[15,155062,63],{}," is one item",[148,155065,155066,155063],{},[15,155067,155068],{},"(2, 3)",[148,155070,155071,155063],{},[15,155072,155073],{},"[4, 5]",[131,155075,155077],{"id":155076},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[347,155079,155081],{"id":155080},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[35,155083,155085],{"className":37,"code":155084,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155086,155087,155127],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155088,155089,155091,155093,155095,155097,155099,155101,155103,155105,155107,155109,155111,155113,155115,155117,155119,155121,155123,155125],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155090,228],{"class":50},[44,155092,55],{"class":54},[44,155094,8607],{"class":58},[44,155096,236],{"class":235},[44,155098,240],{"class":239},[44,155100,236],{"class":235},[44,155102,66],{"class":58},[44,155104,247],{"class":235},[44,155106,250],{"class":239},[44,155108,236],{"class":235},[44,155110,66],{"class":58},[44,155112,247],{"class":235},[44,155114,259],{"class":239},[44,155116,236],{"class":235},[44,155118,66],{"class":58},[44,155120,247],{"class":235},[44,155122,21871],{"class":239},[44,155124,236],{"class":235},[44,155126,108],{"class":58},[44,155128,155129,155131,155133,155135,155137,155139],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,155130,100],{"class":99},[44,155132,103],{"class":58},[44,155134,10529],{"class":99},[44,155136,103],{"class":58},[44,155138,274],{"class":89},[44,155140,993],{"class":58},[20,155142,155143],{},[30,155144,111],{},[35,155146,155147],{"className":37,"code":48010,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155148,155149],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155150,155151],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155152,48010],{"class":62},[347,155154,154894],{"id":155155},"empty-tuple-1",[35,155157,155159],{"className":37,"code":155158,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155160,155161,155169],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155162,155163,155165,155167],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155164,362],{"class":50},[44,155166,55],{"class":54},[44,155168,148576],{"class":58},[44,155170,155171,155173,155175,155177,155179,155181],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,155172,100],{"class":99},[44,155174,103],{"class":58},[44,155176,10529],{"class":99},[44,155178,103],{"class":58},[44,155180,397],{"class":89},[44,155182,993],{"class":58},[20,155184,155185],{},[30,155186,111],{},[35,155188,155189],{"className":37,"code":46611,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155190,155191],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155192,155193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155194,46611],{"class":62},[347,155196,155198],{"id":155197},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155200,155201,155202,155204],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[30,155203,604],{}," always a tuple.",[35,155206,155208],{"className":37,"code":155207,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155209,155210,155222,155234,155238,155252,155266],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155211,155212,155214,155216,155218,155220],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155213,1095],{"class":50},[44,155215,55],{"class":54},[44,155217,8607],{"class":58},[44,155219,1507],{"class":62},[44,155221,108],{"class":58},[44,155223,155224,155226,155228,155230,155232],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,155225,1122],{"class":50},[44,155227,55],{"class":54},[44,155229,8607],{"class":58},[44,155231,1507],{"class":62},[44,155233,148590],{"class":58},[44,155235,155236],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,155237,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,155239,155240,155242,155244,155246,155248,155250],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,155241,100],{"class":99},[44,155243,103],{"class":58},[44,155245,985],{"class":121},[44,155247,103],{"class":58},[44,155249,167],{"class":89},[44,155251,993],{"class":58},[44,155253,155254,155256,155258,155260,155262,155264],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,155255,100],{"class":99},[44,155257,103],{"class":58},[44,155259,985],{"class":121},[44,155261,103],{"class":58},[44,155263,1164],{"class":89},[44,155265,993],{"class":58},[44,155267,155268,155270,155272,155274,155276,155278],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,155269,100],{"class":99},[44,155271,103],{"class":58},[44,155273,10529],{"class":99},[44,155275,103],{"class":58},[44,155277,1164],{"class":89},[44,155279,993],{"class":58},[20,155281,155282],{},[30,155283,111],{},[35,155285,155287],{"className":37,"code":155286,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155288,155289,155303,155317],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155290,155291,155293,155295,155297,155299,155301],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155292,1005],{"class":54},[44,155294,1009],{"class":1008},[44,155296,1012],{"class":235},[44,155298,1558],{"class":239},[44,155300,1018],{"class":235},[44,155302,1021],{"class":54},[44,155304,155305,155307,155309,155311,155313,155315],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,155306,1005],{"class":54},[44,155308,1009],{"class":1008},[44,155310,1012],{"class":235},[44,155312,48313],{"class":239},[44,155314,1018],{"class":235},[44,155316,1021],{"class":54},[44,155318,155319],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,155320,46276],{"class":62},[20,155322,155323,155324,342,155327,86],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[167,155325,155326],{"href":147237},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[167,155328,148538],{"href":148537},[347,155330,155332],{"id":155331},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[35,155334,155336],{"className":37,"code":155335,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155337,155338,155382],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155339,155340,155342,155344,155346,155348,155350,155352,155354,155356,155358,155360,155362,155364,155366,155368,155370,155372,155374,155376,155378,155380],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155341,58833],{"class":50},[44,155343,55],{"class":54},[44,155345,8607],{"class":58},[44,155347,236],{"class":235},[44,155349,3450],{"class":239},[44,155351,236],{"class":235},[44,155353,66],{"class":58},[44,155355,2993],{"class":58},[44,155357,63],{"class":62},[44,155359,66],{"class":58},[44,155361,69],{"class":62},[44,155363,17409],{"class":58},[44,155365,8607],{"class":58},[44,155367,236],{"class":235},[44,155369,1104],{"class":239},[44,155371,236],{"class":235},[44,155373,66],{"class":58},[44,155375,247],{"class":235},[44,155377,1113],{"class":239},[44,155379,236],{"class":235},[44,155381,993],{"class":58},[44,155383,155384,155386,155388,155390,155392,155394],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,155385,100],{"class":99},[44,155387,103],{"class":58},[44,155389,10529],{"class":99},[44,155391,103],{"class":58},[44,155393,58886],{"class":89},[44,155395,993],{"class":58},[20,155397,155398],{},[30,155399,111],{},[35,155401,155402],{"className":37,"code":45976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155403,155404],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155405,155406],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155407,45976],{"class":62},[20,155409,155410,155412],{},[15,155411,41718],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[131,155414,155416],{"id":155415},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[347,155418,155420,155422],{"id":155419},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155421,41718],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[35,155424,155426],{"className":37,"code":155425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,155427,155428,155452],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155429,155430,155432,155434,155436,155438,155440,155442,155444,155446,155448,155450],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155431,3441],{"class":50},[44,155433,55],{"class":54},[44,155435,8607],{"class":58},[44,155437,236],{"class":235},[44,155439,62957],{"class":239},[44,155441,236],{"class":235},[44,155443,66],{"class":58},[44,155445,247],{"class":235},[44,155447,39],{"class":239},[44,155449,236],{"class":235},[44,155451,108],{"class":58},[44,155453,155454,155456,155458,155460,155462,155464],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,155455,100],{"class":99},[44,155457,103],{"class":58},[44,155459,10529],{"class":99},[44,155461,103],{"class":58},[44,155463,3485],{"class":89},[44,155465,993],{"class":58},[20,155467,155468],{},[30,155469,111],{},[35,155471,155472],{"className":37,"code":16406,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155473,155474],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155475,155476],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155477,16406],{"class":62},[20,155479,155480,155481,155483],{},"This result is ",[15,155482,1426],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,155485,155486],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[35,155488,155490],{"className":37,"code":155489,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,155491,155492,155516],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155493,155494,155496,155498,155500,155502,155504,155506,155508,155510,155512,155514],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155495,3441],{"class":50},[44,155497,55],{"class":54},[44,155499,8607],{"class":58},[44,155501,236],{"class":235},[44,155503,62957],{"class":239},[44,155505,236],{"class":235},[44,155507,66],{"class":58},[44,155509,247],{"class":235},[44,155511,39],{"class":239},[44,155513,236],{"class":235},[44,155515,108],{"class":58},[44,155517,155518,155520,155522,155524,155526,155528,155530,155532],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,155519,100],{"class":99},[44,155521,103],{"class":58},[44,155523,10529],{"class":99},[44,155525,103],{"class":58},[44,155527,3485],{"class":89},[44,155529,3270],{"class":58},[44,155531,1490],{"class":62},[44,155533,2370],{"class":58},[20,155535,155536],{},[30,155537,111],{},[35,155539,155540],{"className":37,"code":16406,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155541,155542],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155543,155544],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155545,16406],{"class":62},[20,155547,565,155548,155551,155552,86],{},[15,155549,155550],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,155553,155554],{},"\"hi\"",[347,155556,155558,155560],{"id":155557},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,155559,41718],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[35,155562,155564],{"className":37,"code":155563,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,155565,155566,155602],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155567,155568,155570,155572,155574,155576,155578,155580,155582,155584,155586,155588,155590,155592,155594,155596,155598,155600],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155569,3191],{"class":50},[44,155571,55],{"class":54},[44,155573,9363],{"class":58},[44,155575,63],{"class":62},[44,155577,66],{"class":58},[44,155579,69],{"class":62},[44,155581,8604],{"class":58},[44,155583,8607],{"class":58},[44,155585,1432],{"class":62},[44,155587,66],{"class":58},[44,155589,1827],{"class":62},[44,155591,8604],{"class":58},[44,155593,8607],{"class":58},[44,155595,1507],{"class":62},[44,155597,66],{"class":58},[44,155599,36998],{"class":62},[44,155601,993],{"class":58},[44,155603,155604,155606,155608,155610,155612,155614],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,155605,100],{"class":99},[44,155607,103],{"class":58},[44,155609,10529],{"class":99},[44,155611,103],{"class":58},[44,155613,4727],{"class":89},[44,155615,993],{"class":58},[20,155617,155618],{},[30,155619,111],{},[35,155621,155622],{"className":37,"code":45976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155623,155624],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155625,155626],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155627,45976],{"class":62},[20,155629,155630],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[347,155632,155634],{"id":155633},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,155636,961],{},[35,155638,155640],{"className":37,"code":155639,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,155641,155642,155654],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155643,155644,155646,155648,155650,155652],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155645,1817],{"class":50},[44,155647,55],{"class":54},[44,155649,8607],{"class":58},[44,155651,1701],{"class":62},[44,155653,108],{"class":58},[44,155655,155656,155658,155660,155662,155664,155666],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,155657,100],{"class":99},[44,155659,103],{"class":58},[44,155661,985],{"class":121},[44,155663,103],{"class":58},[44,155665,1843],{"class":89},[44,155667,993],{"class":58},[20,155669,155670],{},[30,155671,111],{},[35,155673,155675],{"className":37,"code":155674,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,155676,155677],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155678,155679,155681,155683,155685,155687,155689],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155680,1005],{"class":54},[44,155682,1009],{"class":1008},[44,155684,1012],{"class":235},[44,155686,1558],{"class":239},[44,155688,1018],{"class":235},[44,155690,1021],{"class":54},[20,155692,155693],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[35,155695,155697],{"className":37,"code":155696,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,155698,155699,155711,155725],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155700,155701,155703,155705,155707,155709],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155702,1817],{"class":50},[44,155704,55],{"class":54},[44,155706,8607],{"class":58},[44,155708,1701],{"class":62},[44,155710,148590],{"class":58},[44,155712,155713,155715,155717,155719,155721,155723],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,155714,100],{"class":99},[44,155716,103],{"class":58},[44,155718,985],{"class":121},[44,155720,103],{"class":58},[44,155722,1843],{"class":89},[44,155724,993],{"class":58},[44,155726,155727,155729,155731,155733,155735,155737],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,155728,100],{"class":99},[44,155730,103],{"class":58},[44,155732,10529],{"class":99},[44,155734,103],{"class":58},[44,155736,1843],{"class":89},[44,155738,993],{"class":58},[20,155740,155741],{},[30,155742,111],{},[35,155744,155746],{"className":37,"code":155745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155747,155748,155762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155749,155750,155752,155754,155756,155758,155760],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155751,1005],{"class":54},[44,155753,1009],{"class":1008},[44,155755,1012],{"class":235},[44,155757,48313],{"class":239},[44,155759,1018],{"class":235},[44,155761,1021],{"class":54},[44,155763,155764],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,155765,46276],{"class":62},[347,155767,155769,155771],{"id":155768},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,155770,10529],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,155773,43787,155774,155776],{},[15,155775,10529],{}," as a variable name.",[20,155778,43818],{},[35,155780,155782],{"className":37,"code":155781,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,155783,155784,155792,155812],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155785,155786,155788,155790],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155787,10529],{"class":99},[44,155789,12630],{"class":54},[44,155791,1956],{"class":62},[44,155793,155794,155796,155798,155800,155802,155804,155806,155808,155810],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,155795,51],{"class":50},[44,155797,55],{"class":54},[44,155799,8607],{"class":58},[44,155801,63],{"class":62},[44,155803,66],{"class":58},[44,155805,69],{"class":62},[44,155807,66],{"class":58},[44,155809,74],{"class":62},[44,155811,108],{"class":58},[44,155813,155814,155816,155818,155820,155822,155824],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,155815,100],{"class":99},[44,155817,103],{"class":58},[44,155819,10529],{"class":99},[44,155821,103],{"class":58},[44,155823,83],{"class":89},[44,155825,993],{"class":58},[20,155827,39009,155828,155830],{},[15,155829,10529],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,155832,155833],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[35,155835,155837],{"className":37,"code":155836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,155838,155839,155848,155868],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155840,155841,155844,155846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155842,155843],{"class":50},"length_value ",[44,155845,55],{"class":54},[44,155847,1956],{"class":62},[44,155849,155850,155852,155854,155856,155858,155860,155862,155864,155866],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,155851,51],{"class":50},[44,155853,55],{"class":54},[44,155855,8607],{"class":58},[44,155857,63],{"class":62},[44,155859,66],{"class":58},[44,155861,69],{"class":62},[44,155863,66],{"class":58},[44,155865,74],{"class":62},[44,155867,108],{"class":58},[44,155869,155870,155872,155874,155876,155878,155880],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,155871,100],{"class":99},[44,155873,103],{"class":58},[44,155875,10529],{"class":99},[44,155877,103],{"class":58},[44,155879,83],{"class":89},[44,155881,993],{"class":58},[20,155883,155884],{},[30,155885,111],{},[35,155887,155888],{"className":37,"code":45976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155889,155890],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155891,155892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155893,45976],{"class":62},[131,155895,155897],{"id":155896},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,155899,155900,155902],{},[15,155901,41718],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[347,155904,155906],{"id":155905},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[35,155908,155910],{"className":37,"code":155909,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,155911,155912,155920,155924,155942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155913,155914,155916,155918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155915,362],{"class":50},[44,155917,55],{"class":54},[44,155919,148576],{"class":58},[44,155921,155922],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,155923,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,155925,155926,155928,155930,155932,155934,155936,155938,155940],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,155927,6369],{"class":3245},[44,155929,37741],{"class":99},[44,155931,103],{"class":58},[44,155933,397],{"class":89},[44,155935,3032],{"class":58},[44,155937,5779],{"class":54},[44,155939,3202],{"class":62},[44,155941,5764],{"class":58},[44,155943,155944,155946,155948,155950,155953,155955],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,155945,7442],{"class":99},[44,155947,103],{"class":58},[44,155949,236],{"class":235},[44,155951,155952],{"class":239},"The tuple is empty",[44,155954,236],{"class":235},[44,155956,108],{"class":58},[20,155958,155959],{},[30,155960,111],{},[35,155962,155964],{"className":37,"code":155963,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,155965,155966],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155967,155968,155970,155972,155974],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155969,140],{"class":50},[44,155971,48313],{"class":121},[44,155973,7470],{"class":54},[44,155975,7476],{"class":50},[347,155977,155979],{"id":155978},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[35,155981,155983],{"className":37,"code":155982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,155984,155985,156001,156005,156023],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155986,155987,155989,155991,155993,155995,155997,155999],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155988,50746],{"class":50},[44,155990,55],{"class":54},[44,155992,8607],{"class":58},[44,155994,1875],{"class":62},[44,155996,66],{"class":58},[44,155998,5364],{"class":62},[44,156000,108],{"class":58},[44,156002,156003],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,156004,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,156006,156007,156009,156011,156013,156015,156017,156019,156021],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,156008,6369],{"class":3245},[44,156010,37741],{"class":99},[44,156012,103],{"class":58},[44,156014,50771],{"class":89},[44,156016,3032],{"class":58},[44,156018,5779],{"class":54},[44,156020,69],{"class":62},[44,156022,5764],{"class":58},[44,156024,156025,156027,156029,156031,156034,156036],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,156026,7442],{"class":99},[44,156028,103],{"class":58},[44,156030,236],{"class":235},[44,156032,156033],{"class":239},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[44,156035,236],{"class":235},[44,156037,108],{"class":58},[20,156039,156040],{},[30,156041,111],{},[35,156043,156045],{"className":37,"code":156044,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156046,156047],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156048,156049,156052,156054],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156050,156051],{"class":50},"This looks like an x",[44,156053,66],{"class":58},[44,156055,156056],{"class":50}," y coordinate\n",[347,156058,156060],{"id":156059},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[35,156062,156064],{"className":37,"code":156063,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156065,156066,156095,156099,156117],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156067,156068,156070,156072,156074,156076,156078,156080,156082,156084,156086,156088,156091,156093],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156069,10849],{"class":50},[44,156071,55],{"class":54},[44,156073,8607],{"class":58},[44,156075,236],{"class":235},[44,156077,12237],{"class":239},[44,156079,236],{"class":235},[44,156081,66],{"class":58},[44,156083,8676],{"class":62},[44,156085,66],{"class":58},[44,156087,247],{"class":235},[44,156089,156090],{"class":239},"Canada",[44,156092,236],{"class":235},[44,156094,108],{"class":58},[44,156096,156097],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,156098,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,156100,156101,156103,156105,156107,156109,156111,156113,156115],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,156102,6369],{"class":3245},[44,156104,37741],{"class":99},[44,156106,103],{"class":58},[44,156108,10943],{"class":89},[44,156110,3032],{"class":58},[44,156112,5779],{"class":54},[44,156114,74],{"class":62},[44,156116,5764],{"class":58},[44,156118,156119,156121,156123,156125,156128,156130],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,156120,7442],{"class":99},[44,156122,103],{"class":58},[44,156124,236],{"class":235},[44,156126,156127],{"class":239},"User record has the expected number of values",[44,156129,236],{"class":235},[44,156131,108],{"class":58},[20,156133,156134],{},[30,156135,111],{},[35,156137,156139],{"className":37,"code":156138,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156140,156141],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156142,156143],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156144,156138],{"class":50},[347,156146,156148],{"id":156147},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[35,156150,156152],{"className":37,"code":156151,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156153,156154,156186,156190,156210],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156155,156156,156158,156160,156162,156164,156166,156168,156170,156172,156174,156176,156178,156180,156182,156184],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156157,35444],{"class":50},[44,156159,55],{"class":54},[44,156161,8607],{"class":58},[44,156163,236],{"class":235},[44,156165,167],{"class":239},[44,156167,236],{"class":235},[44,156169,66],{"class":58},[44,156171,247],{"class":235},[44,156173,1164],{"class":239},[44,156175,236],{"class":235},[44,156177,66],{"class":58},[44,156179,247],{"class":235},[44,156181,9109],{"class":239},[44,156183,236],{"class":235},[44,156185,108],{"class":58},[44,156187,156188],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,156189,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,156191,156192,156194,156196,156198,156200,156202,156204,156206,156208],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,156193,5328],{"class":3245},[44,156195,68910],{"class":50},[44,156197,3252],{"class":3245},[44,156199,53432],{"class":99},[44,156201,103],{"class":58},[44,156203,10529],{"class":99},[44,156205,103],{"class":58},[44,156207,35497],{"class":89},[44,156209,68925],{"class":58},[44,156211,156212,156214,156216,156218,156220,156222,156224,156226],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,156213,7442],{"class":99},[44,156215,103],{"class":58},[44,156217,35508],{"class":89},[44,156219,66],{"class":58},[44,156221,69458],{"class":89},[44,156223,3270],{"class":58},[44,156225,35508],{"class":89},[44,156227,3258],{"class":58},[20,156229,156230],{},[30,156231,111],{},[35,156233,156234],{"className":37,"code":35520,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156235,156236,156242,156248],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156237,156238,156240],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156239,1490],{"class":62},[44,156241,1127],{"class":50},[44,156243,156244,156246],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,156245,63],{"class":62},[44,156247,35535],{"class":50},[44,156249,156250,156252],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,156251,1426],{"class":62},[44,156253,35542],{"class":50},[20,156255,156256,156257,156259,156260,86],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[167,156258,148907],{"href":148906},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[167,156261,150151],{"href":150150},[131,156263,2200],{"id":2199},[20,156265,156266],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[145,156268,156269,156277,156284,156289],{},[148,156270,156271,156272,10459,156275],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156273,156274],{},"(5)",[15,156276,148741],{},[148,156278,350,156279,156281,156282],{},[15,156280,10529],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156283,41718],{},[148,156285,923,156286,156288],{},[15,156287,41718],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[148,156290,156291],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156293,31432],{},[35,156295,156297],{"className":37,"code":156296,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156298,156299,156309,156323,156337],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156300,156301,156303,156305,156307],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156302,100],{"class":99},[44,156304,103],{"class":58},[44,156306,147252],{"class":89},[44,156308,108],{"class":58},[44,156310,156311,156313,156315,156317,156319,156321],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,156312,100],{"class":99},[44,156314,103],{"class":58},[44,156316,985],{"class":121},[44,156318,103],{"class":58},[44,156320,147252],{"class":89},[44,156322,993],{"class":58},[44,156324,156325,156327,156329,156331,156333,156335],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,156326,100],{"class":99},[44,156328,103],{"class":58},[44,156330,10529],{"class":99},[44,156332,103],{"class":58},[44,156334,147252],{"class":89},[44,156336,993],{"class":58},[44,156338,156339,156341,156343,156345],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,156340,31502],{"class":99},[44,156342,103],{"class":58},[44,156344,10529],{"class":99},[44,156346,108],{"class":58},[20,156348,154461],{},[145,156350,156351,156354,156357,156361],{},[148,156352,156353],{},"what value you are using",[148,156355,156356],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[148,156358,25367,156359,11065],{},[15,156360,41718],{},[148,156362,122625,156363,156365],{},[15,156364,41718],{}," is documented in Python",[131,156367,1196],{"id":1195},[347,156369,156371],{"id":156370},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156373,1462,156374,156377],{},[15,156375,156376],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[347,156379,1212,156381,148411],{"id":156380},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156382,41718],{},[20,156384,45724,156385,156387],{},[15,156386,41718],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[347,156389,156391],{"id":156390},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156393,156394,156395,86],{},"The length is ",[15,156396,1490],{},[347,156398,156400],{"id":156399},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156402,150097,156403,156405],{},[15,156404,150100],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[347,156407,1212,156409,156411],{"id":156408},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156410,41718],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156413,156414],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[131,156416,1251],{"id":1250},[145,156418,156419,156425,156429,156433,156437],{},[148,156420,156421],{},[167,156422,2945,156423,2878],{"href":41715},[15,156424,41718],{},[148,156426,156427],{},[167,156428,155326],{"href":147237},[148,156430,156431],{},[167,156432,148907],{"href":148906},[148,156434,156435],{},[167,156436,150151],{"href":150150},[148,156438,156439],{},[167,156440,156441],{"href":148537},"What is a tuple in Python",[1294,156443,156444],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":156446},[156447,156448,156449,156456,156462,156471,156477,156478,156487],{"id":14515,"depth":80,"text":14516},{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":154814,"depth":80,"text":156450,"children":156451},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156452,156453,156454,156455],{"id":154826,"depth":96,"text":154827},{"id":154893,"depth":96,"text":154894},{"id":154938,"depth":96,"text":154939},{"id":154987,"depth":96,"text":154988},{"id":155076,"depth":80,"text":155077,"children":156457},[156458,156459,156460,156461],{"id":155080,"depth":96,"text":155081},{"id":155155,"depth":96,"text":154894},{"id":155197,"depth":96,"text":155198},{"id":155331,"depth":96,"text":155332},{"id":155415,"depth":80,"text":155416,"children":156463},[156464,156466,156468,156469],{"id":155419,"depth":96,"text":156465},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":155557,"depth":96,"text":156467},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":155633,"depth":96,"text":155634},{"id":155768,"depth":96,"text":156470},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":155896,"depth":80,"text":155897,"children":156472},[156473,156474,156475,156476],{"id":155905,"depth":96,"text":155906},{"id":155978,"depth":96,"text":155979},{"id":156059,"depth":96,"text":156060},{"id":156147,"depth":96,"text":156148},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":156479},[156480,156481,156483,156484,156485],{"id":156370,"depth":96,"text":156371},{"id":156380,"depth":96,"text":156482},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156390,"depth":96,"text":156391},{"id":156399,"depth":96,"text":156400},{"id":156408,"depth":96,"text":156486},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":154598,"description":156488},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156495,"title":156496,"body":156497,"description":158882,"extension":1331,"meta":158883,"navigation":268,"path":158884,"seo":158885,"stem":158886,"__hash__":158887},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156498,"toc":158843},[156499,156502,156505,156508,156531,156537,156539,156650,156654,156657,156667,156669,156768,156770,156847,156853,156857,156860,156883,156886,156903,156906,156908,156971,156973,156990,157001,157006,157008,157011,157017,157068,157070,157090,157094,157145,157147,157168,157172,157227,157229,157250,157254,157309,157311,157332,157336,157389,157391,157420,157422,157424,157427,157431,157488,157490,157511,157515,157568,157570,157595,157600,157604,157609,157627,157630,157693,157695,157716,157719,157780,157782,157803,157806,157849,157852,157856,157861,157865,157944,157946,157977,157981,158056,158058,158085,158089,158136,158138,158146,158151,158155,158158,158173,158175,158263,158265,158290,158293,158336,158345,158347,158350,158365,158368,158372,158426,158428,158448,158453,158457,158459,158497,158500,158550,158554,158627,158629,158666,158669,158671,158674,158694,158697,158766,158768,158781,158783,158787,158790,158794,158797,158802,158805,158811,158816,158818,158840],[10,156500,156496],{"id":156501},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,156503,156504],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,156506,156507],{},"Use this format:",[35,156509,156511],{"className":37,"code":156510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156512,156513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156514,156515,156517,156519,156521,156523,156525,156527,156529],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156516,48313],{"class":50},[44,156518,3270],{"class":58},[44,156520,35426],{"class":50},[44,156522,2255],{"class":58},[44,156524,74787],{"class":50},[44,156526,2255],{"class":58},[44,156528,74790],{"class":50},[44,156530,3006],{"class":58},[20,156532,140,156533,74823,156535,86],{},[15,156534,74787],{},[30,156536,64431],{},[131,156538,1372],{"id":1371},[35,156540,156542],{"className":37,"code":156541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,156543,156544,156572,156576,156597,156614,156631],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156545,156546,156548,156550,156552,156554,156556,156558,156560,156562,156564,156566,156568,156570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156547,51],{"class":50},[44,156549,55],{"class":54},[44,156551,8607],{"class":58},[44,156553,1701],{"class":62},[44,156555,66],{"class":58},[44,156557,7163],{"class":62},[44,156559,66],{"class":58},[44,156561,7168],{"class":62},[44,156563,66],{"class":58},[44,156565,50204],{"class":62},[44,156567,66],{"class":58},[44,156569,4451],{"class":62},[44,156571,108],{"class":58},[44,156573,156574],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,156575,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,156577,156578,156580,156582,156584,156586,156588,156590,156592,156594],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,156579,100],{"class":99},[44,156581,103],{"class":58},[44,156583,83],{"class":89},[44,156585,3270],{"class":58},[44,156587,63],{"class":62},[44,156589,2255],{"class":58},[44,156591,1875],{"class":62},[44,156593,19794],{"class":58},[44,156595,156596],{"class":3035},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[44,156598,156599,156601,156603,156605,156607,156609,156611],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,156600,100],{"class":99},[44,156602,103],{"class":58},[44,156604,83],{"class":89},[44,156606,74896],{"class":58},[44,156608,1432],{"class":62},[44,156610,19794],{"class":58},[44,156612,156613],{"class":3035},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[44,156615,156616,156618,156620,156622,156624,156626,156628],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,156617,100],{"class":99},[44,156619,103],{"class":58},[44,156621,83],{"class":89},[44,156623,73483],{"class":58},[44,156625,1426],{"class":62},[44,156627,19794],{"class":58},[44,156629,156630],{"class":3035},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[44,156632,156633,156635,156637,156639,156641,156643,156645,156647],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,156634,100],{"class":99},[44,156636,103],{"class":58},[44,156638,83],{"class":89},[44,156640,73483],{"class":58},[44,156642,1391],{"class":54},[44,156644,63],{"class":62},[44,156646,19794],{"class":58},[44,156648,156649],{"class":3035},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[131,156651,156653],{"id":156652},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,156655,156656],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[145,156658,156659,156661,156664],{},[148,156660,75090],{},[148,156662,156663],{},"The result is a new tuple",[148,156665,156666],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,156668,1578],{},[35,156670,156672],{"className":37,"code":156671,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,156673,156674,156722,156726,156744,156748,156758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156675,156676,156678,156680,156682,156684,156686,156688,156690,156692,156694,156696,156698,156700,156702,156704,156706,156708,156710,156712,156714,156716,156718,156720],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156677,35444],{"class":50},[44,156679,55],{"class":54},[44,156681,8607],{"class":58},[44,156683,236],{"class":235},[44,156685,167],{"class":239},[44,156687,236],{"class":235},[44,156689,66],{"class":58},[44,156691,247],{"class":235},[44,156693,1164],{"class":239},[44,156695,236],{"class":235},[44,156697,66],{"class":58},[44,156699,247],{"class":235},[44,156701,9109],{"class":239},[44,156703,236],{"class":235},[44,156705,66],{"class":58},[44,156707,247],{"class":235},[44,156709,18115],{"class":239},[44,156711,236],{"class":235},[44,156713,66],{"class":58},[44,156715,247],{"class":235},[44,156717,59808],{"class":239},[44,156719,236],{"class":235},[44,156721,108],{"class":58},[44,156723,156724],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,156725,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,156727,156728,156730,156732,156734,156736,156738,156740,156742],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,156729,75020],{"class":50},[44,156731,55],{"class":54},[44,156733,69458],{"class":50},[44,156735,3270],{"class":58},[44,156737,63],{"class":62},[44,156739,2255],{"class":58},[44,156741,1875],{"class":62},[44,156743,3006],{"class":58},[44,156745,156746],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,156747,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,156749,156750,156752,156754,156756],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,156751,100],{"class":99},[44,156753,103],{"class":58},[44,156755,75043],{"class":89},[44,156757,108],{"class":58},[44,156759,156760,156762,156764,156766],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,156761,100],{"class":99},[44,156763,103],{"class":58},[44,156765,35497],{"class":89},[44,156767,108],{"class":58},[20,156769,111],{},[35,156771,156773],{"className":37,"code":156772,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,156774,156775,156803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156776,156777,156779,156781,156783,156785,156787,156789,156791,156793,156795,156797,156799,156801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156778,103],{"class":58},[44,156780,1018],{"class":235},[44,156782,1164],{"class":239},[44,156784,1018],{"class":235},[44,156786,66],{"class":58},[44,156788,1012],{"class":235},[44,156790,9109],{"class":239},[44,156792,1018],{"class":235},[44,156794,66],{"class":58},[44,156796,1012],{"class":235},[44,156798,18115],{"class":239},[44,156800,1018],{"class":235},[44,156802,108],{"class":58},[44,156804,156805,156807,156809,156811,156813,156815,156817,156819,156821,156823,156825,156827,156829,156831,156833,156835,156837,156839,156841,156843,156845],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,156806,103],{"class":58},[44,156808,1018],{"class":235},[44,156810,167],{"class":239},[44,156812,1018],{"class":235},[44,156814,66],{"class":58},[44,156816,1012],{"class":235},[44,156818,1164],{"class":239},[44,156820,1018],{"class":235},[44,156822,66],{"class":58},[44,156824,1012],{"class":235},[44,156826,9109],{"class":239},[44,156828,1018],{"class":235},[44,156830,66],{"class":58},[44,156832,1012],{"class":235},[44,156834,18115],{"class":239},[44,156836,1018],{"class":235},[44,156838,66],{"class":58},[44,156840,1012],{"class":235},[44,156842,59808],{"class":239},[44,156844,1018],{"class":235},[44,156846,108],{"class":58},[20,156848,156849,156850,86],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[167,156851,147234],{"href":156852},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[131,156854,156856],{"id":156855},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,156858,156859],{},"The full syntax is:",[35,156861,156863],{"className":37,"code":156862,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156864,156865],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156866,156867,156869,156871,156873,156875,156877,156879,156881],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156868,147252],{"class":50},[44,156870,3270],{"class":58},[44,156872,35426],{"class":50},[44,156874,2255],{"class":58},[44,156876,74787],{"class":50},[44,156878,2255],{"class":58},[44,156880,74790],{"class":50},[44,156882,3006],{"class":58},[20,156884,156885],{},"Each part has a job:",[145,156887,156888,156893,156898],{},[148,156889,156890,156892],{},[15,156891,35426],{},": where slicing begins",[148,156894,156895,156897],{},[15,156896,74787],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[148,156899,156900,156902],{},[15,156901,74790],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,156904,156905],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,156907,1578],{},[35,156909,156911],{"className":37,"code":156910,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,156912,156913,156945,156949],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156914,156915,156917,156919,156921,156923,156925,156927,156929,156931,156933,156935,156937,156939,156941,156943],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156916,51],{"class":50},[44,156918,55],{"class":54},[44,156920,8607],{"class":58},[44,156922,1701],{"class":62},[44,156924,66],{"class":58},[44,156926,7163],{"class":62},[44,156928,66],{"class":58},[44,156930,7168],{"class":62},[44,156932,66],{"class":58},[44,156934,50204],{"class":62},[44,156936,66],{"class":58},[44,156938,4451],{"class":62},[44,156940,66],{"class":58},[44,156942,75461],{"class":62},[44,156944,108],{"class":58},[44,156946,156947],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,156948,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,156950,156951,156953,156955,156957,156959,156961,156963,156965,156967,156969],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,156952,100],{"class":99},[44,156954,103],{"class":58},[44,156956,83],{"class":89},[44,156958,3270],{"class":58},[44,156960,63],{"class":62},[44,156962,2255],{"class":58},[44,156964,1507],{"class":62},[44,156966,2255],{"class":58},[44,156968,1426],{"class":62},[44,156970,3258],{"class":58},[20,156972,111],{},[35,156974,156976],{"className":37,"code":156975,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 40)\n",[15,156977,156978],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156979,156980,156982,156984,156986,156988],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156981,103],{"class":58},[44,156983,15105],{"class":62},[44,156985,66],{"class":58},[44,156987,50204],{"class":62},[44,156989,108],{"class":58},[20,156991,156992,156993,156995,156996,156998,156999,86],{},"This starts at index ",[15,156994,63],{},", stops before index ",[15,156997,1507],{},", and moves by ",[15,157000,1426],{},[20,157002,157003,157004,86],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[167,157005,148907],{"href":152333},[131,157007,75377],{"id":75376},[20,157009,157010],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[347,157012,157014,157015,5336],{"id":157013},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157016,75391],{},[35,157018,157020],{"className":37,"code":157019,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157021,157022,157050,157054],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157023,157024,157026,157028,157030,157032,157034,157036,157038,157040,157042,157044,157046,157048],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157025,51],{"class":50},[44,157027,55],{"class":54},[44,157029,8607],{"class":58},[44,157031,1701],{"class":62},[44,157033,66],{"class":58},[44,157035,7163],{"class":62},[44,157037,66],{"class":58},[44,157039,7168],{"class":62},[44,157041,66],{"class":58},[44,157043,50204],{"class":62},[44,157045,66],{"class":58},[44,157047,4451],{"class":62},[44,157049,108],{"class":58},[44,157051,157052],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,157053,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,157055,157056,157058,157060,157062,157064,157066],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,157057,100],{"class":99},[44,157059,103],{"class":58},[44,157061,83],{"class":89},[44,157063,74896],{"class":58},[44,157065,1432],{"class":62},[44,157067,3258],{"class":58},[20,157069,111],{},[35,157071,157072],{"className":37,"code":150599,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,157073,157074],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157075,157076,157078,157080,157082,157084,157086,157088],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157077,103],{"class":58},[44,157079,1701],{"class":62},[44,157081,66],{"class":58},[44,157083,7163],{"class":62},[44,157085,66],{"class":58},[44,157087,7168],{"class":62},[44,157089,108],{"class":58},[347,157091,157093],{"id":157092},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[35,157095,157097],{"className":37,"code":157096,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157098,157099,157127,157131],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157100,157101,157103,157105,157107,157109,157111,157113,157115,157117,157119,157121,157123,157125],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157102,51],{"class":50},[44,157104,55],{"class":54},[44,157106,8607],{"class":58},[44,157108,1701],{"class":62},[44,157110,66],{"class":58},[44,157112,7163],{"class":62},[44,157114,66],{"class":58},[44,157116,7168],{"class":62},[44,157118,66],{"class":58},[44,157120,50204],{"class":62},[44,157122,66],{"class":58},[44,157124,4451],{"class":62},[44,157126,108],{"class":58},[44,157128,157129],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,157130,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,157132,157133,157135,157137,157139,157141,157143],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,157134,100],{"class":99},[44,157136,103],{"class":58},[44,157138,83],{"class":89},[44,157140,3270],{"class":58},[44,157142,1426],{"class":62},[44,157144,77077],{"class":58},[20,157146,111],{},[35,157148,157150],{"className":37,"code":157149,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157151,157152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157153,157154,157156,157158,157160,157162,157164,157166],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157155,103],{"class":58},[44,157157,36195],{"class":62},[44,157159,66],{"class":58},[44,157161,50204],{"class":62},[44,157163,66],{"class":58},[44,157165,4451],{"class":62},[44,157167,108],{"class":58},[347,157169,157171],{"id":157170},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[35,157173,157175],{"className":37,"code":157174,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157176,157177,157205,157209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157178,157179,157181,157183,157185,157187,157189,157191,157193,157195,157197,157199,157201,157203],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157180,51],{"class":50},[44,157182,55],{"class":54},[44,157184,8607],{"class":58},[44,157186,1701],{"class":62},[44,157188,66],{"class":58},[44,157190,7163],{"class":62},[44,157192,66],{"class":58},[44,157194,7168],{"class":62},[44,157196,66],{"class":58},[44,157198,50204],{"class":62},[44,157200,66],{"class":58},[44,157202,4451],{"class":62},[44,157204,108],{"class":58},[44,157206,157207],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,157208,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,157210,157211,157213,157215,157217,157219,157221,157223,157225],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,157212,100],{"class":99},[44,157214,103],{"class":58},[44,157216,83],{"class":89},[44,157218,3270],{"class":58},[44,157220,63],{"class":62},[44,157222,2255],{"class":58},[44,157224,1875],{"class":62},[44,157226,3258],{"class":58},[20,157228,111],{},[35,157230,157232],{"className":37,"code":157231,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157233,157234],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157235,157236,157238,157240,157242,157244,157246,157248],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157237,103],{"class":58},[44,157239,15105],{"class":62},[44,157241,66],{"class":58},[44,157243,7168],{"class":62},[44,157245,66],{"class":58},[44,157247,50204],{"class":62},[44,157249,108],{"class":58},[347,157251,157253],{"id":157252},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[35,157255,157257],{"className":37,"code":157256,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157258,157259,157291,157295],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157260,157261,157263,157265,157267,157269,157271,157273,157275,157277,157279,157281,157283,157285,157287,157289],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157262,51],{"class":50},[44,157264,55],{"class":54},[44,157266,8607],{"class":58},[44,157268,1701],{"class":62},[44,157270,66],{"class":58},[44,157272,7163],{"class":62},[44,157274,66],{"class":58},[44,157276,7168],{"class":62},[44,157278,66],{"class":58},[44,157280,50204],{"class":62},[44,157282,66],{"class":58},[44,157284,4451],{"class":62},[44,157286,66],{"class":58},[44,157288,75461],{"class":62},[44,157290,108],{"class":58},[44,157292,157293],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,157294,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,157296,157297,157299,157301,157303,157305,157307],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,157298,100],{"class":99},[44,157300,103],{"class":58},[44,157302,83],{"class":89},[44,157304,73483],{"class":58},[44,157306,1426],{"class":62},[44,157308,3258],{"class":58},[20,157310,111],{},[35,157312,157314],{"className":37,"code":157313,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157315,157316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157317,157318,157320,157322,157324,157326,157328,157330],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157319,103],{"class":58},[44,157321,1701],{"class":62},[44,157323,66],{"class":58},[44,157325,7168],{"class":62},[44,157327,66],{"class":58},[44,157329,4451],{"class":62},[44,157331,108],{"class":58},[347,157333,157335],{"id":157334},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[35,157337,157339],{"className":37,"code":157338,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157340,157341,157369,157373],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157342,157343,157345,157347,157349,157351,157353,157355,157357,157359,157361,157363,157365,157367],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157344,51],{"class":50},[44,157346,55],{"class":54},[44,157348,8607],{"class":58},[44,157350,1701],{"class":62},[44,157352,66],{"class":58},[44,157354,7163],{"class":62},[44,157356,66],{"class":58},[44,157358,7168],{"class":62},[44,157360,66],{"class":58},[44,157362,50204],{"class":62},[44,157364,66],{"class":58},[44,157366,4451],{"class":62},[44,157368,108],{"class":58},[44,157370,157371],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,157372,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,157374,157375,157377,157379,157381,157383,157385,157387],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,157376,100],{"class":99},[44,157378,103],{"class":58},[44,157380,83],{"class":89},[44,157382,73483],{"class":58},[44,157384,1391],{"class":54},[44,157386,63],{"class":62},[44,157388,3258],{"class":58},[20,157390,111],{},[35,157392,157394],{"className":37,"code":157393,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157395,157396],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157397,157398,157400,157402,157404,157406,157408,157410,157412,157414,157416,157418],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157399,103],{"class":58},[44,157401,76155],{"class":62},[44,157403,66],{"class":58},[44,157405,50204],{"class":62},[44,157407,66],{"class":58},[44,157409,7168],{"class":62},[44,157411,66],{"class":58},[44,157413,7163],{"class":62},[44,157415,66],{"class":58},[44,157417,5375],{"class":62},[44,157419,108],{"class":58},[131,157421,75671],{"id":75670},[20,157423,153606],{},[20,157425,157426],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[347,157428,157430],{"id":157429},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[35,157432,157434],{"className":37,"code":157433,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,157435,157436,157468,157472],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157437,157438,157440,157442,157444,157446,157448,157450,157452,157454,157456,157458,157460,157462,157464,157466],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157439,51],{"class":50},[44,157441,55],{"class":54},[44,157443,8607],{"class":58},[44,157445,1701],{"class":62},[44,157447,66],{"class":58},[44,157449,7163],{"class":62},[44,157451,66],{"class":58},[44,157453,7168],{"class":62},[44,157455,66],{"class":58},[44,157457,50204],{"class":62},[44,157459,66],{"class":58},[44,157461,4451],{"class":62},[44,157463,66],{"class":58},[44,157465,75461],{"class":62},[44,157467,108],{"class":58},[44,157469,157470],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,157471,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,157473,157474,157476,157478,157480,157482,157484,157486],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,157475,100],{"class":99},[44,157477,103],{"class":58},[44,157479,83],{"class":89},[44,157481,3270],{"class":58},[44,157483,1391],{"class":54},[44,157485,1432],{"class":62},[44,157487,77077],{"class":58},[20,157489,111],{},[35,157491,157493],{"className":37,"code":157492,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,157494,157495],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157496,157497,157499,157501,157503,157505,157507,157509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157498,103],{"class":58},[44,157500,56052],{"class":62},[44,157502,66],{"class":58},[44,157504,4451],{"class":62},[44,157506,66],{"class":58},[44,157508,75461],{"class":62},[44,157510,108],{"class":58},[347,157512,157514],{"id":157513},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[35,157516,157518],{"className":37,"code":157517,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,157519,157520,157548,157552],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157521,157522,157524,157526,157528,157530,157532,157534,157536,157538,157540,157542,157544,157546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157523,51],{"class":50},[44,157525,55],{"class":54},[44,157527,8607],{"class":58},[44,157529,1701],{"class":62},[44,157531,66],{"class":58},[44,157533,7163],{"class":62},[44,157535,66],{"class":58},[44,157537,7168],{"class":62},[44,157539,66],{"class":58},[44,157541,50204],{"class":62},[44,157543,66],{"class":58},[44,157545,4451],{"class":62},[44,157547,108],{"class":58},[44,157549,157550],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,157551,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,157553,157554,157556,157558,157560,157562,157564,157566],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,157555,100],{"class":99},[44,157557,103],{"class":58},[44,157559,83],{"class":89},[44,157561,74896],{"class":58},[44,157563,1391],{"class":54},[44,157565,63],{"class":62},[44,157567,3258],{"class":58},[20,157569,111],{},[35,157571,157573],{"className":37,"code":157572,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157574,157575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157576,157577,157579,157581,157583,157585,157587,157589,157591,157593],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157578,103],{"class":58},[44,157580,1701],{"class":62},[44,157582,66],{"class":58},[44,157584,7163],{"class":62},[44,157586,66],{"class":58},[44,157588,7168],{"class":62},[44,157590,66],{"class":58},[44,157592,50204],{"class":62},[44,157594,108],{"class":58},[20,157596,157597,157598,86],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[167,157599,150156],{"href":156490},[131,157601,157603],{"id":157602},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,157605,140,157606,157608],{},[15,157607,74790],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[145,157610,157611,157613,157615,157621],{},[148,157612,75927],{},[148,157614,75930],{},[148,157616,157617,157620],{},[15,157618,157619],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[148,157622,157623,157624,157626],{},"A step of ",[15,157625,1490],{}," is not allowed",[20,157628,157629],{},"Example with a positive step:",[35,157631,157633],{"className":37,"code":157632,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,157634,157635,157667,157671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157636,157637,157639,157641,157643,157645,157647,157649,157651,157653,157655,157657,157659,157661,157663,157665],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157638,51],{"class":50},[44,157640,55],{"class":54},[44,157642,8607],{"class":58},[44,157644,1701],{"class":62},[44,157646,66],{"class":58},[44,157648,7163],{"class":62},[44,157650,66],{"class":58},[44,157652,7168],{"class":62},[44,157654,66],{"class":58},[44,157656,50204],{"class":62},[44,157658,66],{"class":58},[44,157660,4451],{"class":62},[44,157662,66],{"class":58},[44,157664,75461],{"class":62},[44,157666,108],{"class":58},[44,157668,157669],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,157670,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,157672,157673,157675,157677,157679,157681,157683,157685,157687,157689,157691],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,157674,100],{"class":99},[44,157676,103],{"class":58},[44,157678,83],{"class":89},[44,157680,3270],{"class":58},[44,157682,63],{"class":62},[44,157684,2255],{"class":58},[44,157686,79955],{"class":62},[44,157688,2255],{"class":58},[44,157690,1426],{"class":62},[44,157692,3258],{"class":58},[20,157694,111],{},[35,157696,157698],{"className":37,"code":157697,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,157699,157700],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157701,157702,157704,157706,157708,157710,157712,157714],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157703,103],{"class":58},[44,157705,15105],{"class":62},[44,157707,66],{"class":58},[44,157709,50204],{"class":62},[44,157711,66],{"class":58},[44,157713,75461],{"class":62},[44,157715,108],{"class":58},[20,157717,157718],{},"Example with a negative step:",[35,157720,157722],{"className":37,"code":157721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,157723,157724,157752,157756],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157725,157726,157728,157730,157732,157734,157736,157738,157740,157742,157744,157746,157748,157750],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157727,51],{"class":50},[44,157729,55],{"class":54},[44,157731,8607],{"class":58},[44,157733,1701],{"class":62},[44,157735,66],{"class":58},[44,157737,7163],{"class":62},[44,157739,66],{"class":58},[44,157741,7168],{"class":62},[44,157743,66],{"class":58},[44,157745,50204],{"class":62},[44,157747,66],{"class":58},[44,157749,4451],{"class":62},[44,157751,108],{"class":58},[44,157753,157754],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,157755,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,157757,157758,157760,157762,157764,157766,157768,157770,157772,157774,157776,157778],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,157759,100],{"class":99},[44,157761,103],{"class":58},[44,157763,83],{"class":89},[44,157765,3270],{"class":58},[44,157767,1875],{"class":62},[44,157769,2255],{"class":58},[44,157771,63],{"class":62},[44,157773,2255],{"class":58},[44,157775,1391],{"class":54},[44,157777,63],{"class":62},[44,157779,3258],{"class":58},[20,157781,111],{},[35,157783,157785],{"className":37,"code":157784,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,157786,157787],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157788,157789,157791,157793,157795,157797,157799,157801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157790,103],{"class":58},[44,157792,76155],{"class":62},[44,157794,66],{"class":58},[44,157796,50204],{"class":62},[44,157798,66],{"class":58},[44,157800,7168],{"class":62},[44,157802,108],{"class":58},[20,157804,157805],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[35,157807,157809],{"className":37,"code":157808,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,157810,157811,157831,157835],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157812,157813,157815,157817,157819,157821,157823,157825,157827,157829],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157814,51],{"class":50},[44,157816,55],{"class":54},[44,157818,8607],{"class":58},[44,157820,1701],{"class":62},[44,157822,66],{"class":58},[44,157824,7163],{"class":62},[44,157826,66],{"class":58},[44,157828,7168],{"class":62},[44,157830,108],{"class":58},[44,157832,157833],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,157834,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,157836,157837,157839,157841,157843,157845,157847],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,157838,100],{"class":99},[44,157840,103],{"class":58},[44,157842,83],{"class":89},[44,157844,73483],{"class":58},[44,157846,1490],{"class":62},[44,157848,3258],{"class":58},[20,157850,157851],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[131,157853,157855],{"id":157854},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,157857,157858,157859,33092],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[30,157860,48313],{},[347,157862,157864],{"id":157863},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[35,157866,157868],{"className":37,"code":157867,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,157869,157870,157894,157898,157916,157920,157930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157871,157872,157874,157876,157878,157880,157882,157884,157886,157888,157890,157892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157873,51],{"class":50},[44,157875,55],{"class":54},[44,157877,8607],{"class":58},[44,157879,1701],{"class":62},[44,157881,66],{"class":58},[44,157883,7163],{"class":62},[44,157885,66],{"class":58},[44,157887,7168],{"class":62},[44,157889,66],{"class":58},[44,157891,50204],{"class":62},[44,157893,108],{"class":58},[44,157895,157896],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,157897,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,157899,157900,157902,157904,157906,157908,157910,157912,157914],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,157901,644],{"class":50},[44,157903,55],{"class":54},[44,157905,649],{"class":50},[44,157907,3270],{"class":58},[44,157909,63],{"class":62},[44,157911,2255],{"class":58},[44,157913,1432],{"class":62},[44,157915,3006],{"class":58},[44,157917,157918],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,157919,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,157921,157922,157924,157926,157928],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,157923,100],{"class":99},[44,157925,103],{"class":58},[44,157927,668],{"class":89},[44,157929,108],{"class":58},[44,157931,157932,157934,157936,157938,157940,157942],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,157933,100],{"class":99},[44,157935,103],{"class":58},[44,157937,985],{"class":121},[44,157939,103],{"class":58},[44,157941,668],{"class":89},[44,157943,993],{"class":58},[20,157945,111],{},[35,157947,157949],{"className":37,"code":157948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,157950,157951,157963],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157952,157953,157955,157957,157959,157961],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157954,103],{"class":58},[44,157956,15105],{"class":62},[44,157958,66],{"class":58},[44,157960,7168],{"class":62},[44,157962,108],{"class":58},[44,157964,157965,157967,157969,157971,157973,157975],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,157966,1005],{"class":54},[44,157968,1009],{"class":1008},[44,157970,1012],{"class":235},[44,157972,48313],{"class":239},[44,157974,1018],{"class":235},[44,157976,1021],{"class":54},[347,157978,157980],{"id":157979},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[35,157982,157984],{"className":37,"code":157983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,157985,157986,158006,158010,158028,158032,158042],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157987,157988,157990,157992,157994,157996,157998,158000,158002,158004],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157989,51],{"class":50},[44,157991,55],{"class":54},[44,157993,8607],{"class":58},[44,157995,1701],{"class":62},[44,157997,66],{"class":58},[44,157999,7163],{"class":62},[44,158001,66],{"class":58},[44,158003,7168],{"class":62},[44,158005,108],{"class":58},[44,158007,158008],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,158009,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,158011,158012,158014,158016,158018,158020,158022,158024,158026],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,158013,644],{"class":50},[44,158015,55],{"class":54},[44,158017,649],{"class":50},[44,158019,3270],{"class":58},[44,158021,63],{"class":62},[44,158023,2255],{"class":58},[44,158025,1426],{"class":62},[44,158027,3006],{"class":58},[44,158029,158030],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,158031,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,158033,158034,158036,158038,158040],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,158035,100],{"class":99},[44,158037,103],{"class":58},[44,158039,668],{"class":89},[44,158041,108],{"class":58},[44,158043,158044,158046,158048,158050,158052,158054],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,158045,100],{"class":99},[44,158047,103],{"class":58},[44,158049,985],{"class":121},[44,158051,103],{"class":58},[44,158053,668],{"class":89},[44,158055,993],{"class":58},[20,158057,111],{},[35,158059,158061],{"className":37,"code":158060,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158062,158063,158071],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158064,158065,158067,158069],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158066,103],{"class":58},[44,158068,15105],{"class":62},[44,158070,148590],{"class":58},[44,158072,158073,158075,158077,158079,158081,158083],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,158074,1005],{"class":54},[44,158076,1009],{"class":1008},[44,158078,1012],{"class":235},[44,158080,48313],{"class":239},[44,158082,1018],{"class":235},[44,158084,1021],{"class":54},[347,158086,158088],{"id":158087},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[35,158090,158092],{"className":37,"code":158091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158093,158094,158114,158118],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158095,158096,158098,158100,158102,158104,158106,158108,158110,158112],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158097,51],{"class":50},[44,158099,55],{"class":54},[44,158101,8607],{"class":58},[44,158103,1701],{"class":62},[44,158105,66],{"class":58},[44,158107,7163],{"class":62},[44,158109,66],{"class":58},[44,158111,7168],{"class":62},[44,158113,108],{"class":58},[44,158115,158116],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,158117,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,158119,158120,158122,158124,158126,158128,158130,158132,158134],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,158121,100],{"class":99},[44,158123,103],{"class":58},[44,158125,83],{"class":89},[44,158127,3270],{"class":58},[44,158129,1507],{"class":62},[44,158131,2255],{"class":58},[44,158133,1716],{"class":62},[44,158135,3258],{"class":58},[20,158137,111],{},[35,158139,158140],{"className":37,"code":93,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,158141,158142],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158143,158144],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158145,93],{"class":58},[20,158147,158148,158149,86],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[167,158150,155326],{"href":150213},[131,158152,158154],{"id":158153},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158156,158157],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[145,158159,158160,158162,158165,158170],{},[148,158161,76236],{},[148,158163,158164],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[148,158166,158167,158168],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158169,70093],{},[148,158171,158172],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158174,1578],{},[35,158176,158178],{"className":37,"code":158177,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158179,158180,158200,158204,158221,158242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158181,158182,158184,158186,158188,158190,158192,158194,158196,158198],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158183,51],{"class":50},[44,158185,55],{"class":54},[44,158187,8607],{"class":58},[44,158189,1701],{"class":62},[44,158191,66],{"class":58},[44,158193,7163],{"class":62},[44,158195,66],{"class":58},[44,158197,7168],{"class":62},[44,158199,108],{"class":58},[44,158201,158202],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,158203,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,158205,158206,158208,158210,158212,158214,158216,158218],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,158207,100],{"class":99},[44,158209,103],{"class":58},[44,158211,83],{"class":89},[44,158213,3270],{"class":58},[44,158215,63],{"class":62},[44,158217,19794],{"class":58},[44,158219,158220],{"class":3035},"    # one item\n",[44,158222,158223,158225,158227,158229,158231,158233,158235,158237,158239],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,158224,100],{"class":99},[44,158226,103],{"class":58},[44,158228,83],{"class":89},[44,158230,3270],{"class":58},[44,158232,63],{"class":62},[44,158234,2255],{"class":58},[44,158236,1507],{"class":62},[44,158238,19794],{"class":58},[44,158240,158241],{"class":3035},"  # slice\n",[44,158243,158244,158246,158248,158250,158252,158254,158256,158258,158260],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,158245,100],{"class":99},[44,158247,103],{"class":58},[44,158249,83],{"class":89},[44,158251,3270],{"class":58},[44,158253,1507],{"class":62},[44,158255,2255],{"class":58},[44,158257,1716],{"class":62},[44,158259,19794],{"class":58},[44,158261,158262],{"class":3035},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158264,111],{},[35,158266,158268],{"className":37,"code":158267,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158269,158270,158274,158286],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158271,158272],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158273,70586],{"class":62},[44,158275,158276,158278,158280,158282,158284],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,158277,103],{"class":58},[44,158279,15105],{"class":62},[44,158281,66],{"class":58},[44,158283,7168],{"class":62},[44,158285,108],{"class":58},[44,158287,158288],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,158289,93],{"class":58},[20,158291,158292],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[35,158294,158296],{"className":37,"code":158295,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158297,158298,158318,158322],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158299,158300,158302,158304,158306,158308,158310,158312,158314,158316],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158301,51],{"class":50},[44,158303,55],{"class":54},[44,158305,8607],{"class":58},[44,158307,1701],{"class":62},[44,158309,66],{"class":58},[44,158311,7163],{"class":62},[44,158313,66],{"class":58},[44,158315,7168],{"class":62},[44,158317,108],{"class":58},[44,158319,158320],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,158321,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,158323,158324,158326,158328,158330,158332,158334],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,158325,100],{"class":99},[44,158327,103],{"class":58},[44,158329,83],{"class":89},[44,158331,3270],{"class":58},[44,158333,1507],{"class":62},[44,158335,3258],{"class":58},[20,158337,158338,158339,158341,158342,86],{},"This raises an ",[15,158340,70093],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[167,158343,154079],{"href":158344},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[131,158346,14530],{"id":76503},[20,158348,158349],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[145,158351,158352,158355,158357,158360],{},[148,158353,158354],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[148,158356,60053],{},[148,158358,158359],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[148,158361,158362,158363],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158364,1490],{},[20,158366,158367],{},"Here are a few examples.",[347,158369,158371],{"id":158370},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[35,158373,158374],{"className":37,"code":157174,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,158375,158376,158404,158408],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158377,158378,158380,158382,158384,158386,158388,158390,158392,158394,158396,158398,158400,158402],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158379,51],{"class":50},[44,158381,55],{"class":54},[44,158383,8607],{"class":58},[44,158385,1701],{"class":62},[44,158387,66],{"class":58},[44,158389,7163],{"class":62},[44,158391,66],{"class":58},[44,158393,7168],{"class":62},[44,158395,66],{"class":58},[44,158397,50204],{"class":62},[44,158399,66],{"class":58},[44,158401,4451],{"class":62},[44,158403,108],{"class":58},[44,158405,158406],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,158407,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,158409,158410,158412,158414,158416,158418,158420,158422,158424],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,158411,100],{"class":99},[44,158413,103],{"class":58},[44,158415,83],{"class":89},[44,158417,3270],{"class":58},[44,158419,63],{"class":62},[44,158421,2255],{"class":58},[44,158423,1875],{"class":62},[44,158425,3258],{"class":58},[20,158427,111],{},[35,158429,158430],{"className":37,"code":157231,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,158431,158432],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158433,158434,158436,158438,158440,158442,158444,158446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158435,103],{"class":58},[44,158437,15105],{"class":62},[44,158439,66],{"class":58},[44,158441,7168],{"class":62},[44,158443,66],{"class":58},[44,158445,50204],{"class":62},[44,158447,108],{"class":58},[20,158449,131658,158450,158452],{},[15,158451,1875],{}," is not included.",[347,158454,158456],{"id":158455},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,158458,3895],{},[35,158460,158462],{"className":37,"code":158461,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,158463,158464,158488,158492],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158465,158466,158468,158470,158472,158474,158476,158478,158480,158482,158484,158486],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158467,51],{"class":50},[44,158469,55],{"class":54},[44,158471,8607],{"class":58},[44,158473,1701],{"class":62},[44,158475,66],{"class":58},[44,158477,7163],{"class":62},[44,158479,66],{"class":58},[44,158481,7168],{"class":62},[44,158483,66],{"class":58},[44,158485,50204],{"class":62},[44,158487,108],{"class":58},[44,158489,158490],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,158491,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,158493,158494],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,158495,158496],{"class":3035},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,158498,158499],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[35,158501,158502],{"className":37,"code":154159,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,158503,158504,158528,158532],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158505,158506,158508,158510,158512,158514,158516,158518,158520,158522,158524,158526],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158507,51],{"class":50},[44,158509,55],{"class":54},[44,158511,8607],{"class":58},[44,158513,1701],{"class":62},[44,158515,66],{"class":58},[44,158517,7163],{"class":62},[44,158519,66],{"class":58},[44,158521,7168],{"class":62},[44,158523,66],{"class":58},[44,158525,50204],{"class":62},[44,158527,108],{"class":58},[44,158529,158530],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,158531,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,158533,158534,158536,158538,158540,158542,158544,158546,158548],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,158535,100],{"class":99},[44,158537,103],{"class":58},[44,158539,83],{"class":89},[44,158541,3270],{"class":58},[44,158543,63],{"class":62},[44,158545,2255],{"class":58},[44,158547,1432],{"class":62},[44,158549,3258],{"class":58},[347,158551,158553],{"id":158552},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[35,158555,158557],{"className":37,"code":158556,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,158558,158559,158583,158587,158602,158606,158617],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158560,158561,158563,158565,158567,158569,158571,158573,158575,158577,158579,158581],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158562,51],{"class":50},[44,158564,55],{"class":54},[44,158566,8607],{"class":58},[44,158568,1701],{"class":62},[44,158570,66],{"class":58},[44,158572,7163],{"class":62},[44,158574,66],{"class":58},[44,158576,7168],{"class":62},[44,158578,66],{"class":58},[44,158580,50204],{"class":62},[44,158582,108],{"class":58},[44,158584,158585],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,158586,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,158588,158589,158592,158594,158596,158598,158600],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,158590,158591],{"class":50},"slice_result ",[44,158593,55],{"class":54},[44,158595,649],{"class":50},[44,158597,74896],{"class":58},[44,158599,1426],{"class":62},[44,158601,3006],{"class":58},[44,158603,158604],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,158605,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,158607,158608,158610,158612,158615],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,158609,100],{"class":99},[44,158611,103],{"class":58},[44,158613,158614],{"class":89},"slice_result",[44,158616,108],{"class":58},[44,158618,158619,158621,158623,158625],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,158620,100],{"class":99},[44,158622,103],{"class":58},[44,158624,83],{"class":89},[44,158626,108],{"class":58},[20,158628,111],{},[35,158630,158632],{"className":37,"code":158631,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158633,158634,158646],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158635,158636,158638,158640,158642,158644],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158637,103],{"class":58},[44,158639,1701],{"class":62},[44,158641,66],{"class":58},[44,158643,7163],{"class":62},[44,158645,108],{"class":58},[44,158647,158648,158650,158652,158654,158656,158658,158660,158662,158664],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,158649,103],{"class":58},[44,158651,1701],{"class":62},[44,158653,66],{"class":58},[44,158655,7163],{"class":62},[44,158657,66],{"class":58},[44,158659,7168],{"class":62},[44,158661,66],{"class":58},[44,158663,50204],{"class":62},[44,158665,108],{"class":58},[20,158667,158668],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[131,158670,112972],{"id":112971},[20,158672,158673],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[145,158675,158676,158679,158682,158688,158691],{},[148,158677,158678],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[148,158680,158681],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[148,158683,158684,158685],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,158686,158687],{},"tuple[::0]",[148,158689,158690],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[148,158692,158693],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,158695,158696],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[35,158698,158700],{"className":37,"code":158699,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,158701,158702,158712,158730,158752],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158703,158704,158706,158708,158710],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158705,100],{"class":99},[44,158707,103],{"class":58},[44,158709,147252],{"class":89},[44,158711,108],{"class":58},[44,158713,158714,158716,158718,158720,158722,158724,158726,158728],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,158715,100],{"class":99},[44,158717,103],{"class":58},[44,158719,147252],{"class":89},[44,158721,3270],{"class":58},[44,158723,63],{"class":62},[44,158725,2255],{"class":58},[44,158727,1875],{"class":62},[44,158729,3258],{"class":58},[44,158731,158732,158734,158736,158738,158740,158742,158744,158746,158748,158750],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,158733,100],{"class":99},[44,158735,103],{"class":58},[44,158737,985],{"class":121},[44,158739,103],{"class":58},[44,158741,147252],{"class":89},[44,158743,3270],{"class":58},[44,158745,63],{"class":62},[44,158747,2255],{"class":58},[44,158749,1875],{"class":62},[44,158751,2370],{"class":58},[44,158753,158754,158756,158758,158760,158762,158764],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,158755,100],{"class":99},[44,158757,103],{"class":58},[44,158759,10529],{"class":99},[44,158761,103],{"class":58},[44,158763,147252],{"class":89},[44,158765,993],{"class":58},[20,158767,10538],{},[145,158769,158770,158772,158775,158778],{},[148,158771,154466],{},[148,158773,158774],{},"what the slice actually returns",[148,158776,158777],{},"that the result is a tuple",[148,158779,158780],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[131,158782,1196],{"id":1195},[347,158784,158786],{"id":158785},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,158788,158789],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[347,158791,158793],{"id":158792},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,158795,158796],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[347,158798,1200,158800,39316],{"id":158799},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,158801,157619],{},[20,158803,158804],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[347,158806,158808,158809,1239],{"id":158807},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,158810,70093],{},[20,158812,158813,158814,86],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,158815,70093],{},[131,158817,1251],{"id":1250},[145,158819,158820,158824,158828,158832,158836],{},[148,158821,158822],{},[167,158823,155326],{"href":150213},[148,158825,158826],{},[167,158827,148907],{"href":152333},[148,158829,158830],{},[167,158831,150156],{"href":156490},[148,158833,158834],{},[167,158835,147234],{"href":156852},[148,158837,158838],{},[167,158839,154079],{"href":158344},[1294,158841,158842],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":158844},[158845,158846,158847,158848,158856,158860,158861,158866,158867,158872,158873,158881],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":156652,"depth":80,"text":156653},{"id":156855,"depth":80,"text":156856},{"id":75376,"depth":80,"text":75377,"children":158849},[158850,158852,158853,158854,158855],{"id":157013,"depth":96,"text":158851},"Get the first n items",{"id":157092,"depth":96,"text":157093},{"id":157170,"depth":96,"text":157171},{"id":157252,"depth":96,"text":157253},{"id":157334,"depth":96,"text":157335},{"id":75670,"depth":80,"text":75671,"children":158857},[158858,158859],{"id":157429,"depth":96,"text":157430},{"id":157513,"depth":96,"text":157514},{"id":157602,"depth":80,"text":157603},{"id":157854,"depth":80,"text":157855,"children":158862},[158863,158864,158865],{"id":157863,"depth":96,"text":157864},{"id":157979,"depth":96,"text":157980},{"id":158087,"depth":96,"text":158088},{"id":158153,"depth":80,"text":158154},{"id":76503,"depth":80,"text":14530,"children":158868},[158869,158870,158871],{"id":158370,"depth":96,"text":158371},{"id":158455,"depth":96,"text":158456},{"id":158552,"depth":96,"text":158553},{"id":112971,"depth":80,"text":112972},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":158874},[158875,158876,158877,158879],{"id":158785,"depth":96,"text":158786},{"id":158792,"depth":96,"text":158793},{"id":158799,"depth":96,"text":158878},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":158807,"depth":96,"text":158880},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156496,"description":158882},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":158889,"title":158890,"body":158891,"description":160714,"extension":1331,"meta":160715,"navigation":268,"path":34160,"seo":160716,"stem":160717,"__hash__":160718},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":158892,"toc":160680},[158893,158898,158903,158907,158925,158928,158943,158949,158951,159008,159010,159042,159054,159060,159065,159068,159103,159109,159111,159114,159128,159131,159133,159156,159158,159176,159179,159195,159197,159200,159313,159315,159404,159407,159412,159418,159421,159424,159523,159525,159584,159589,159592,159661,159665,159697,159713,159718,159725,159732,159744,159746,159795,159797,159820,159826,159874,159879,159886,159894,159900,159903,159927,159930,159932,160008,160010,160035,160041,160044,160049,160053,160067,160069,160132,160134,160166,160169,160185,160187,160193,160200,160202,160221,160223,160241,160248,160253,160260,160262,160299,160302,160309,160313,160316,160374,160377,160380,160435,160437,160449,160455,160457,160461,160494,160501,160503,160566,160569,160571,160576,160590,160597,160605,160614,160623,160629,160635,160637,160677],[10,158894,2945,158896,2949],{"id":158895},"python-type-function-explained",[15,158897,1672],{},[20,158899,31667,158900,158902],{},[15,158901,1672],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,158904,62128,158905,103816],{},[15,158906,1672],{},[145,158908,158909,158912,158915,158918],{},[148,158910,158911],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[148,158913,158914],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[148,158916,158917],{},"debug confusing code",[148,158919,158920,158921],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[167,158922,158923],{"href":7593},[15,158924,2329],{},[20,158926,158927],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[35,158929,158931],{"className":37,"code":158930,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"type(object)\n",[15,158932,158933],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158934,158935,158937,158939,158941],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158936,985],{"class":121},[44,158938,103],{"class":58},[44,158940,41756],{"class":121},[44,158942,108],{"class":58},[20,158944,158945,158946,158948],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,158947,1672],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[131,158950,2979],{"id":2978},[35,158952,158954],{"className":37,"code":158953,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,158955,158956,158968,158982,158986,158994],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158957,158958,158960,158962,158964,158966],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158959,7249],{"class":50},[44,158961,55],{"class":54},[44,158963,247],{"class":235},[44,158965,4374],{"class":239},[44,158967,2727],{"class":235},[44,158969,158970,158972,158974,158976,158978,158980],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,158971,100],{"class":99},[44,158973,103],{"class":58},[44,158975,985],{"class":121},[44,158977,103],{"class":58},[44,158979,7041],{"class":89},[44,158981,993],{"class":58},[44,158983,158984],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,158985,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,158987,158988,158990,158992],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,158989,1588],{"class":50},[44,158991,55],{"class":54},[44,158993,1956],{"class":62},[44,158995,158996,158998,159000,159002,159004,159006],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,158997,100],{"class":99},[44,158999,103],{"class":58},[44,159001,985],{"class":121},[44,159003,103],{"class":58},[44,159005,1610],{"class":89},[44,159007,993],{"class":58},[20,159009,111],{},[35,159011,159012],{"className":37,"code":124319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159013,159014,159028],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159015,159016,159018,159020,159022,159024,159026],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159017,1005],{"class":54},[44,159019,1009],{"class":1008},[44,159021,1012],{"class":235},[44,159023,2812],{"class":239},[44,159025,1018],{"class":235},[44,159027,1021],{"class":54},[44,159029,159030,159032,159034,159036,159038,159040],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,159031,1005],{"class":54},[44,159033,1009],{"class":1008},[44,159035,1012],{"class":235},[44,159037,1558],{"class":239},[44,159039,1018],{"class":235},[44,159041,1021],{"class":54},[20,159043,1462,159044,159047,159048,342,159051,86],{},[15,159045,159046],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159049,159050],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159052,159053],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[131,159055,12353,159057,159059],{"id":159056},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159058,1672],{}," function does",[20,159061,159062,159064],{},[15,159063,1672],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159066,159067],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[145,159069,159070,159075,159080,159085,159090,159095],{},[148,159071,159072,159074],{},[15,159073,2812],{}," for text",[148,159076,159077,159079],{},[15,159078,1558],{}," for whole numbers",[148,159081,159082,159084],{},[15,159083,1562],{}," for decimal numbers",[148,159086,159087,159089],{},[15,159088,7467],{}," for lists",[148,159091,159092,159094],{},[15,159093,1015],{}," for dictionaries",[148,159096,159097,68457,159099,342,159101],{},[15,159098,3236],{},[15,159100,2974],{},[15,159102,3046],{},[20,159104,159105,159106,159108],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159107,1672],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[131,159110,175],{"id":174},[20,159112,159113],{},"The main beginner form is:",[35,159115,159116],{"className":37,"code":158930,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159117,159118],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159119,159120,159122,159124,159126],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159121,985],{"class":121},[44,159123,103],{"class":58},[44,159125,41756],{"class":121},[44,159127,108],{"class":58},[20,159129,159130],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159132,1578],{},[35,159134,159136],{"className":37,"code":159135,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159137,159138],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159139,159140,159142,159144,159146,159148,159150,159152,159154],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159141,100],{"class":99},[44,159143,103],{"class":58},[44,159145,985],{"class":121},[44,159147,103],{"class":58},[44,159149,236],{"class":235},[44,159151,3214],{"class":239},[44,159153,236],{"class":235},[44,159155,993],{"class":58},[20,159157,111],{},[35,159159,159160],{"className":37,"code":45129,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159161,159162],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159163,159164,159166,159168,159170,159172,159174],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159165,1005],{"class":54},[44,159167,1009],{"class":1008},[44,159169,1012],{"class":235},[44,159171,2812],{"class":239},[44,159173,1018],{"class":235},[44,159175,1021],{"class":54},[20,159177,159178],{},"You can pass either:",[145,159180,159181,159188],{},[148,159182,159183,159184,945,159186],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159185,63896],{},[15,159187,45885],{},[148,159189,159190,159191,945,159193],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159192,7041],{},[15,159194,8669],{},[131,159196,121131],{"id":121130},[20,159198,159199],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[35,159201,159203],{"className":37,"code":159202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159204,159205,159223,159237,159251,159273,159299],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159206,159207,159209,159211,159213,159215,159217,159219,159221],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159208,100],{"class":99},[44,159210,103],{"class":58},[44,159212,985],{"class":121},[44,159214,103],{"class":58},[44,159216,236],{"class":235},[44,159218,3214],{"class":239},[44,159220,236],{"class":235},[44,159222,993],{"class":58},[44,159224,159225,159227,159229,159231,159233,159235],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,159226,100],{"class":99},[44,159228,103],{"class":58},[44,159230,985],{"class":121},[44,159232,103],{"class":58},[44,159234,1701],{"class":62},[44,159236,993],{"class":58},[44,159238,159239,159241,159243,159245,159247,159249],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,159240,100],{"class":99},[44,159242,103],{"class":58},[44,159244,985],{"class":121},[44,159246,103],{"class":58},[44,159248,39499],{"class":62},[44,159250,993],{"class":58},[44,159252,159253,159255,159257,159259,159261,159263,159265,159267,159269,159271],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,159254,100],{"class":99},[44,159256,103],{"class":58},[44,159258,985],{"class":121},[44,159260,2357],{"class":58},[44,159262,63],{"class":62},[44,159264,66],{"class":58},[44,159266,69],{"class":62},[44,159268,66],{"class":58},[44,159270,74],{"class":62},[44,159272,2370],{"class":58},[44,159274,159275,159277,159279,159281,159283,159285,159287,159289,159291,159293,159295,159297],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,159276,100],{"class":99},[44,159278,103],{"class":58},[44,159280,985],{"class":121},[44,159282,4899],{"class":58},[44,159284,236],{"class":235},[44,159286,7041],{"class":239},[44,159288,236],{"class":235},[44,159290,2255],{"class":58},[44,159292,247],{"class":235},[44,159294,4374],{"class":239},[44,159296,236],{"class":235},[44,159298,4908],{"class":58},[44,159300,159301,159303,159305,159307,159309,159311],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,159302,100],{"class":99},[44,159304,103],{"class":58},[44,159306,985],{"class":121},[44,159308,103],{"class":58},[44,159310,2974],{"class":692},[44,159312,993],{"class":58},[20,159314,111],{},[35,159316,159318],{"className":37,"code":159317,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159319,159320,159334,159348,159362,159376,159390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159321,159322,159324,159326,159328,159330,159332],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159323,1005],{"class":54},[44,159325,1009],{"class":1008},[44,159327,1012],{"class":235},[44,159329,2812],{"class":239},[44,159331,1018],{"class":235},[44,159333,1021],{"class":54},[44,159335,159336,159338,159340,159342,159344,159346],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,159337,1005],{"class":54},[44,159339,1009],{"class":1008},[44,159341,1012],{"class":235},[44,159343,1558],{"class":239},[44,159345,1018],{"class":235},[44,159347,1021],{"class":54},[44,159349,159350,159352,159354,159356,159358,159360],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,159351,1005],{"class":54},[44,159353,1009],{"class":1008},[44,159355,1012],{"class":235},[44,159357,1562],{"class":239},[44,159359,1018],{"class":235},[44,159361,1021],{"class":54},[44,159363,159364,159366,159368,159370,159372,159374],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,159365,1005],{"class":54},[44,159367,1009],{"class":1008},[44,159369,1012],{"class":235},[44,159371,7467],{"class":239},[44,159373,1018],{"class":235},[44,159375,1021],{"class":54},[44,159377,159378,159380,159382,159384,159386,159388],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,159379,1005],{"class":54},[44,159381,1009],{"class":1008},[44,159383,1012],{"class":235},[44,159385,1015],{"class":239},[44,159387,1018],{"class":235},[44,159389,1021],{"class":54},[44,159391,159392,159394,159396,159398,159400,159402],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,159393,1005],{"class":54},[44,159395,1009],{"class":1008},[44,159397,1012],{"class":235},[44,159399,3236],{"class":239},[44,159401,1018],{"class":235},[44,159403,1021],{"class":54},[20,159405,159406],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159408,159409,159410,86],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[167,159411,44156],{"href":48338},[131,159413,350,159415,159417],{"id":159414},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159416,1672],{}," with variables",[20,159419,159420],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,159422,159423],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[35,159425,159427],{"className":37,"code":159426,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,159428,159429,159437,159455,159459,159471,159489,159493,159505],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159430,159431,159433,159435],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159432,1817],{"class":50},[44,159434,55],{"class":54},[44,159436,1956],{"class":62},[44,159438,159439,159441,159443,159445,159447,159449,159451,159453],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,159440,100],{"class":99},[44,159442,103],{"class":58},[44,159444,1843],{"class":89},[44,159446,66],{"class":58},[44,159448,48750],{"class":121},[44,159450,103],{"class":58},[44,159452,1843],{"class":89},[44,159454,993],{"class":58},[44,159456,159457],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,159458,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,159460,159461,159463,159465,159467,159469],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,159462,1817],{"class":50},[44,159464,55],{"class":54},[44,159466,247],{"class":235},[44,159468,45266],{"class":239},[44,159470,2727],{"class":235},[44,159472,159473,159475,159477,159479,159481,159483,159485,159487],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,159474,100],{"class":99},[44,159476,103],{"class":58},[44,159478,1843],{"class":89},[44,159480,66],{"class":58},[44,159482,48750],{"class":121},[44,159484,103],{"class":58},[44,159486,1843],{"class":89},[44,159488,993],{"class":58},[44,159490,159491],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,159492,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,159494,159495,159497,159499,159501,159503],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,159496,1817],{"class":50},[44,159498,55],{"class":54},[44,159500,2993],{"class":58},[44,159502,1701],{"class":62},[44,159504,3006],{"class":58},[44,159506,159507,159509,159511,159513,159515,159517,159519,159521],{"class":46,"line":5796},[44,159508,100],{"class":99},[44,159510,103],{"class":58},[44,159512,1843],{"class":89},[44,159514,66],{"class":58},[44,159516,48750],{"class":121},[44,159518,103],{"class":58},[44,159520,1843],{"class":89},[44,159522,993],{"class":58},[20,159524,111],{},[35,159526,159528],{"className":37,"code":159527,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,159529,159530,159547,159564],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159531,159532,159534,159537,159539,159541,159543,159545],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159533,1701],{"class":62},[44,159535,159536],{"class":54}," \u003C",[44,159538,1009],{"class":1008},[44,159540,1012],{"class":235},[44,159542,1558],{"class":239},[44,159544,1018],{"class":235},[44,159546,1021],{"class":54},[44,159548,159549,159552,159554,159556,159558,159560,159562],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,159550,159551],{"class":50},"ten ",[44,159553,1005],{"class":54},[44,159555,1009],{"class":1008},[44,159557,1012],{"class":235},[44,159559,2812],{"class":239},[44,159561,1018],{"class":235},[44,159563,1021],{"class":54},[44,159565,159566,159568,159570,159572,159574,159576,159578,159580,159582],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,159567,3270],{"class":58},[44,159569,1701],{"class":62},[44,159571,12627],{"class":58},[44,159573,159536],{"class":54},[44,159575,1009],{"class":1008},[44,159577,1012],{"class":235},[44,159579,7467],{"class":239},[44,159581,1018],{"class":235},[44,159583,1021],{"class":54},[20,159585,159586,159588],{},[15,159587,1672],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,159590,159591],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[35,159593,159595],{"className":37,"code":159594,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,159596,159597,159615,159629,159633,159647],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159598,159599,159601,159603,159605,159607,159609,159611,159613],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159600,2760],{"class":50},[44,159602,55],{"class":54},[44,159604,7616],{"class":99},[44,159606,103],{"class":58},[44,159608,236],{"class":235},[44,159610,41228],{"class":239},[44,159612,236],{"class":235},[44,159614,108],{"class":58},[44,159616,159617,159619,159621,159623,159625,159627],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,159618,100],{"class":99},[44,159620,103],{"class":58},[44,159622,985],{"class":121},[44,159624,103],{"class":58},[44,159626,2786],{"class":89},[44,159628,993],{"class":58},[44,159630,159631],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,159632,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,159634,159635,159637,159639,159641,159643,159645],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,159636,122243],{"class":50},[44,159638,55],{"class":54},[44,159640,44635],{"class":121},[44,159642,103],{"class":58},[44,159644,2786],{"class":89},[44,159646,108],{"class":58},[44,159648,159649,159651,159653,159655,159657,159659],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,159650,100],{"class":99},[44,159652,103],{"class":58},[44,159654,985],{"class":121},[44,159656,103],{"class":58},[44,159658,122266],{"class":89},[44,159660,993],{"class":58},[20,159662,40477,159663,40481],{},[15,159664,8564],{},[35,159666,159667],{"className":37,"code":124319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159668,159669,159683],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159670,159671,159673,159675,159677,159679,159681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159672,1005],{"class":54},[44,159674,1009],{"class":1008},[44,159676,1012],{"class":235},[44,159678,2812],{"class":239},[44,159680,1018],{"class":235},[44,159682,1021],{"class":54},[44,159684,159685,159687,159689,159691,159693,159695],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,159686,1005],{"class":54},[44,159688,1009],{"class":1008},[44,159690,1012],{"class":235},[44,159692,1558],{"class":239},[44,159694,1018],{"class":235},[44,159696,1021],{"class":54},[20,159698,45062,159699,159703,159704,945,159708,159712],{},[167,159700,159701],{"href":7593},[15,159702,2329],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[167,159705,159706],{"href":2245},[15,159707,2248],{},[167,159709,159710],{"href":2251},[15,159711,2254],{}," if you need a number.",[20,159714,159715,159716,86],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[167,159717,8351],{"href":8350},[131,159719,159721,9953,159723],{"id":159720},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,159722,1672],{},[15,159724,44164],{},[20,159726,159727,342,159729,159731],{},[15,159728,1672],{},[15,159730,44164],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[145,159733,159734,159739],{},[148,159735,159736,159738],{},[15,159737,1672],{}," tells you the exact type",[148,159740,159741,159743],{},[15,159742,44164],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,159745,1578],{},[35,159747,159749],{"className":37,"code":159748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,159750,159751,159759,159763,159777],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159752,159753,159755,159757],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159754,1817],{"class":50},[44,159756,55],{"class":54},[44,159758,34194],{"class":62},[44,159760,159761],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,159762,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,159764,159765,159767,159769,159771,159773,159775],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,159766,100],{"class":99},[44,159768,103],{"class":58},[44,159770,985],{"class":121},[44,159772,103],{"class":58},[44,159774,1843],{"class":89},[44,159776,993],{"class":58},[44,159778,159779,159781,159783,159785,159787,159789,159791,159793],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,159780,100],{"class":99},[44,159782,103],{"class":58},[44,159784,48235],{"class":99},[44,159786,103],{"class":58},[44,159788,1843],{"class":89},[44,159790,66],{"class":58},[44,159792,44635],{"class":121},[44,159794,993],{"class":58},[20,159796,111],{},[35,159798,159800],{"className":37,"code":159799,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,159801,159802,159816],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159803,159804,159806,159808,159810,159812,159814],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159805,1005],{"class":54},[44,159807,1009],{"class":1008},[44,159809,1012],{"class":235},[44,159811,1558],{"class":239},[44,159813,1018],{"class":235},[44,159815,1021],{"class":54},[44,159817,159818],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,159819,3350],{"class":692},[20,159821,159822,159823,159825],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,159824,44164],{}," is more practical.",[35,159827,159829],{"className":37,"code":159828,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,159830,159831,159839,159843,159859],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159832,159833,159835,159837],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159834,1817],{"class":50},[44,159836,55],{"class":54},[44,159838,34194],{"class":62},[44,159840,159841],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,159842,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,159844,159845,159847,159849,159851,159853,159855,159857],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,159846,6369],{"class":3245},[44,159848,48973],{"class":99},[44,159850,103],{"class":58},[44,159852,1843],{"class":89},[44,159854,66],{"class":58},[44,159856,44635],{"class":121},[44,159858,7716],{"class":58},[44,159860,159861,159863,159865,159867,159870,159872],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,159862,7442],{"class":99},[44,159864,103],{"class":58},[44,159866,236],{"class":235},[44,159868,159869],{"class":239},"This is an integer",[44,159871,236],{"class":235},[44,159873,108],{"class":58},[20,159875,1462,159876,159878],{},[15,159877,1672],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,159880,1462,159881,159883,159884,6544],{},[15,159882,44164],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,159885,6369],{},[20,159887,159888,159889,86],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[167,159890,2945,159892,2878],{"href":159891},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,159893,44164],{},[131,159895,159897,159898],{"id":159896},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,159899,1672],{},[20,159901,159902],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[35,159904,159906],{"className":37,"code":159905,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,159907,159908],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159909,159910,159912,159914,159916,159918,159921,159923,159925],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159911,985],{"class":121},[44,159913,103],{"class":58},[44,159915,7041],{"class":89},[44,159917,66],{"class":58},[44,159919,159920],{"class":89}," bases",[44,159922,66],{"class":58},[44,159924,8541],{"class":121},[44,159926,108],{"class":58},[20,159928,159929],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,159931,1578],{},[35,159933,159935],{"className":37,"code":159934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,159936,159937,159980,159984,159994],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159938,159939,159942,159944,159946,159948,159950,159953,159955,159957,159960,159962,159964,159967,159969,159971,159973,159976,159978],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159940,159941],{"class":50},"Person ",[44,159943,55],{"class":54},[44,159945,48750],{"class":121},[44,159947,103],{"class":58},[44,159949,236],{"class":235},[44,159951,159952],{"class":239},"Person",[44,159954,236],{"class":235},[44,159956,66],{"class":58},[44,159958,159959],{"class":58}," (),",[44,159961,59],{"class":58},[44,159963,236],{"class":235},[44,159965,159966],{"class":239},"species",[44,159968,236],{"class":235},[44,159970,2255],{"class":58},[44,159972,247],{"class":235},[44,159974,159975],{"class":239},"human",[44,159977,236],{"class":235},[44,159979,29845],{"class":58},[44,159981,159982],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,159983,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,159985,159986,159988,159990,159992],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,159987,100],{"class":99},[44,159989,103],{"class":58},[44,159991,159952],{"class":89},[44,159993,108],{"class":58},[44,159995,159996,159998,160000,160002,160004,160006],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,159997,100],{"class":99},[44,159999,103],{"class":58},[44,160001,159952],{"class":89},[44,160003,86],{"class":58},[44,160005,159966],{"class":24098},[44,160007,108],{"class":58},[20,160009,111],{},[35,160011,160013],{"className":37,"code":160012,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160014,160015,160030],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160016,160017,160019,160021,160023,160026,160028],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160018,1005],{"class":54},[44,160020,1009],{"class":1008},[44,160022,1012],{"class":235},[44,160024,160025],{"class":239},"__main__.Person",[44,160027,1018],{"class":235},[44,160029,1021],{"class":54},[44,160031,160032],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,160033,160034],{"class":50},"human\n",[20,160036,160037,160038,160040],{},"Most beginners do ",[30,160039,604],{}," need this form.",[20,160042,160043],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[131,160045,4331,160047],{"id":160046},"when-to-use-type",[15,160048,1672],{},[20,160050,160051,11803],{},[15,160052,1672],{},[145,160054,160055,160058,160061,160064],{},[148,160056,160057],{},"debug unexpected values",[148,160059,160060],{},"check what a conversion produced",[148,160062,160063],{},"learn Python data types",[148,160065,160066],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160068,4841],{},[35,160070,160072],{"className":37,"code":160071,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160073,160074,160086,160100,160104,160118],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160075,160076,160078,160080,160082,160084],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160077,34039],{"class":50},[44,160079,55],{"class":54},[44,160081,247],{"class":235},[44,160083,49606],{"class":239},[44,160085,2727],{"class":235},[44,160087,160088,160090,160092,160094,160096,160098],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,160089,1588],{"class":50},[44,160091,55],{"class":54},[44,160093,44635],{"class":121},[44,160095,103],{"class":58},[44,160097,34060],{"class":89},[44,160099,108],{"class":58},[44,160101,160102],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,160103,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,160105,160106,160108,160110,160112,160114,160116],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,160107,100],{"class":99},[44,160109,103],{"class":58},[44,160111,985],{"class":121},[44,160113,103],{"class":58},[44,160115,34060],{"class":89},[44,160117,993],{"class":58},[44,160119,160120,160122,160124,160126,160128,160130],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,160121,100],{"class":99},[44,160123,103],{"class":58},[44,160125,985],{"class":121},[44,160127,103],{"class":58},[44,160129,1610],{"class":89},[44,160131,993],{"class":58},[20,160133,111],{},[35,160135,160136],{"className":37,"code":124319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160137,160138,160152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160139,160140,160142,160144,160146,160148,160150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160141,1005],{"class":54},[44,160143,1009],{"class":1008},[44,160145,1012],{"class":235},[44,160147,2812],{"class":239},[44,160149,1018],{"class":235},[44,160151,1021],{"class":54},[44,160153,160154,160156,160158,160160,160162,160164],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,160155,1005],{"class":54},[44,160157,1009],{"class":1008},[44,160159,1012],{"class":235},[44,160161,1558],{"class":239},[44,160163,1018],{"class":235},[44,160165,1021],{"class":54},[20,160167,160168],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160170,160171,160172,1559,160176,16422,160180,160184],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[167,160173,160174],{"href":41532},[15,160175,47043],{},[167,160177,160178],{"href":2245},[15,160179,2248],{},[167,160181,160182],{"href":2251},[15,160183,2254],{}," are often the next step.",[131,160186,24706],{"id":24705},[20,160188,160189,160190,160192],{},"A few things about ",[15,160191,1672],{}," often confuse beginners.",[347,160194,160196,160199],{"id":160195},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160197,160198],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160201,64005],{},[35,160203,160205],{"className":37,"code":160204,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160206,160207],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160208,160209,160211,160213,160215,160217,160219],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160210,100],{"class":99},[44,160212,103],{"class":58},[44,160214,985],{"class":121},[44,160216,103],{"class":58},[44,160218,1507],{"class":62},[44,160220,993],{"class":58},[20,160222,122162],{},[35,160224,160225],{"className":37,"code":155674,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160226,160227],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160228,160229,160231,160233,160235,160237,160239],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160230,1005],{"class":54},[44,160232,1009],{"class":1008},[44,160234,1012],{"class":235},[44,160236,1558],{"class":239},[44,160238,1018],{"class":235},[44,160240,1021],{"class":54},[20,160242,40262,160243,160245,160246,86],{},[30,160244,604],{}," print just ",[15,160247,1558],{},[20,160249,6048,160250,160252],{},[15,160251,1672],{}," returns a class object.",[347,160254,160256,772,160258],{"id":160255},"input-returns-str",[15,160257,2329],{},[15,160259,2812],{},[20,160261,78903],{},[35,160263,160265],{"className":37,"code":160264,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160266,160267,160285],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160268,160269,160271,160273,160275,160277,160279,160281,160283],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160270,1817],{"class":50},[44,160272,55],{"class":54},[44,160274,7616],{"class":99},[44,160276,103],{"class":58},[44,160278,236],{"class":235},[44,160280,45669],{"class":239},[44,160282,236],{"class":235},[44,160284,108],{"class":58},[44,160286,160287,160289,160291,160293,160295,160297],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,160288,100],{"class":99},[44,160290,103],{"class":58},[44,160292,985],{"class":121},[44,160294,103],{"class":58},[44,160296,1843],{"class":89},[44,160298,993],{"class":58},[20,160300,160301],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160303,160304,160305,945,160307,86],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160306,2248],{},[15,160308,2254],{},[347,160310,160312],{"id":160311},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160314,160315],{},"Avoid code like this:",[35,160317,160319],{"className":37,"code":160318,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160320,160321,160329,160333,160359],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160322,160323,160325,160327],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160324,1817],{"class":50},[44,160326,55],{"class":54},[44,160328,34194],{"class":62},[44,160330,160331],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,160332,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,160334,160335,160337,160339,160341,160343,160345,160347,160349,160351,160353,160355,160357],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,160336,6369],{"class":3245},[44,160338,48264],{"class":121},[44,160340,103],{"class":58},[44,160342,985],{"class":121},[44,160344,103],{"class":58},[44,160346,1843],{"class":89},[44,160348,4730],{"class":58},[44,160350,5779],{"class":54},[44,160352,247],{"class":235},[44,160354,159053],{"class":239},[44,160356,236],{"class":235},[44,160358,5764],{"class":58},[44,160360,160361,160363,160365,160367,160370,160372],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,160362,7442],{"class":99},[44,160364,103],{"class":58},[44,160366,236],{"class":235},[44,160368,160369],{"class":239},"It is an int",[44,160371,236],{"class":235},[44,160373,108],{"class":58},[20,160375,160376],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160378,160379],{},"Better options:",[35,160381,160383],{"className":37,"code":160382,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160384,160385,160393,160397,160417],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160386,160387,160389,160391],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160388,1817],{"class":50},[44,160390,55],{"class":54},[44,160392,34194],{"class":62},[44,160394,160395],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,160396,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,160398,160399,160401,160403,160405,160407,160409,160411,160413,160415],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,160400,100],{"class":99},[44,160402,103],{"class":58},[44,160404,985],{"class":121},[44,160406,103],{"class":58},[44,160408,1843],{"class":89},[44,160410,3032],{"class":58},[44,160412,5779],{"class":54},[44,160414,44635],{"class":121},[44,160416,108],{"class":58},[44,160418,160419,160421,160423,160425,160427,160429,160431,160433],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,160420,100],{"class":99},[44,160422,103],{"class":58},[44,160424,48235],{"class":99},[44,160426,103],{"class":58},[44,160428,1843],{"class":89},[44,160430,66],{"class":58},[44,160432,44635],{"class":121},[44,160434,993],{"class":58},[20,160436,111],{},[35,160438,160439],{"className":37,"code":3876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160440,160441,160445],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160442,160443],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160444,3350],{"class":692},[44,160446,160447],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,160448,3350],{"class":692},[20,160450,160451,160452,160454],{},"In most real code, ",[15,160453,44164],{}," is the more useful check.",[131,160456,2200],{"id":2199},[20,160458,14087,160459,2255],{},[15,160460,1672],{},[145,160462,160463,160473,160482,160491],{},[148,160464,350,160465,160467,160468,160472],{},[15,160466,1672],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[167,160469,160470],{"href":7593},[15,160471,2329],{}," always returns a string",[148,160474,923,160475,160477,160478,10459,160480],{},[15,160476,1672],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,160479,1558],{},[15,160481,159053],{},[148,160483,350,160484,43988,160487,160490],{},[15,160485,160486],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,160488,160489],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[148,160492,160493],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,160495,160496,160497,86],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[167,160498,160500],{"href":160499},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,160502,143828],{},[35,160504,160506],{"className":37,"code":160505,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,160507,160508,160522,160532,160546,160556],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160509,160510,160512,160514,160516,160518,160520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160511,100],{"class":99},[44,160513,103],{"class":58},[44,160515,985],{"class":121},[44,160517,103],{"class":58},[44,160519,1843],{"class":89},[44,160521,993],{"class":58},[44,160523,160524,160526,160528,160530],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,160525,100],{"class":99},[44,160527,103],{"class":58},[44,160529,1843],{"class":89},[44,160531,108],{"class":58},[44,160533,160534,160536,160538,160540,160542,160544],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,160535,100],{"class":99},[44,160537,103],{"class":58},[44,160539,41136],{"class":99},[44,160541,103],{"class":58},[44,160543,1843],{"class":89},[44,160545,993],{"class":58},[44,160547,160548,160550,160552,160554],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,160549,31502],{"class":99},[44,160551,103],{"class":58},[44,160553,985],{"class":121},[44,160555,108],{"class":58},[44,160557,160558,160560,160562,160564],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,160559,33723],{"class":99},[44,160561,103],{"class":58},[44,160563,1843],{"class":89},[44,160565,108],{"class":58},[20,160567,160568],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[131,160570,1196],{"id":1195},[347,160572,1200,160574,1203],{"id":160573},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,160575,1672],{},[20,160577,160578,160579,1559,160581,1559,160583,1563,160585,160587,160588,86],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,160580,2812],{},[15,160582,1558],{},[15,160584,7467],{},[15,160586,1015],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,160589,159050],{},[347,160591,14257,160593,56565,160595,1239],{"id":160592},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,160594,1672],{},[15,160596,44164],{},[20,160598,45724,160599,160601,160602,160604],{},[15,160600,1672],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,160603,44164],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[347,160606,4526,160608,160611,160612,1239],{"id":160607},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,160609,160610],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,160613,2812],{},[20,160615,1187,160616,160618,160619,945,160621,159712],{},[15,160617,2329],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,160620,2248],{},[15,160622,2254],{},[347,160624,4538,160626,160628],{"id":160625},"can-type-create-classes",[15,160627,1672],{}," create classes?",[20,160630,160631,160632,86],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,160633,160634],{},"type(object)",[131,160636,1251],{"id":1250},[145,160638,160639,160643,160649,160655,160659,160665,160671],{},[148,160640,160641],{},[167,160642,44156],{"href":48338},[148,160644,160645],{},[167,160646,2945,160647,2878],{"href":159891},[15,160648,44164],{},[148,160650,160651],{},[167,160652,2945,160653,2878],{"href":7593},[15,160654,2329],{},[148,160656,160657],{},[167,160658,8428],{"href":8350},[148,160660,160661],{},[167,160662,2945,160663,2878],{"href":2245},[15,160664,2248],{},[148,160666,160667],{},[167,160668,2945,160669,2878],{"href":2251},[15,160670,2254],{},[148,160672,160673],{},[167,160674,2945,160675,2878],{"href":41532},[15,160676,47043],{},[1294,160678,160679],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":160681},[160682,160683,160685,160686,160687,160689,160691,160693,160695,160702,160703,160713],{"id":2978,"depth":80,"text":2979},{"id":159056,"depth":80,"text":160684},"What the type() function does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":121130,"depth":80,"text":121131},{"id":159414,"depth":80,"text":160688},"Using type() with variables",{"id":159720,"depth":80,"text":160690},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":159896,"depth":80,"text":160692},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160046,"depth":80,"text":160694},"When to use type()",{"id":24705,"depth":80,"text":24706,"children":160696},[160697,160699,160701],{"id":160195,"depth":96,"text":160698},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160255,"depth":96,"text":160700},"input() returns str",{"id":160311,"depth":96,"text":160312},{"id":2199,"depth":80,"text":2200},{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":160704},[160705,160707,160709,160711],{"id":160573,"depth":96,"text":160706},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":160592,"depth":96,"text":160708},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":160607,"depth":96,"text":160710},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":160625,"depth":96,"text":160712},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":158890,"description":160714},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":160720,"title":160721,"body":160722,"description":163201,"extension":1331,"meta":163202,"navigation":268,"path":163203,"seo":163204,"stem":163205,"__hash__":163206},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":160723,"toc":163158},[160724,160729,160734,160743,160745,160845,160847,160872,160877,160882,160898,160901,160903,160905,160930,160933,160936,161019,161021,161070,161073,161195,161197,161270,161274,161277,161391,161393,161419,161421,161442,161447,161451,161456,161459,161563,161565,161582,161591,161594,161681,161683,161694,161699,161705,161710,161716,161719,161812,161814,161863,161869,161872,161973,161975,162028,162033,162037,162040,162139,162141,162180,162183,162188,162190,162195,162199,162312,162316,162413,162417,162505,162507,162524,162528,162651,162657,162663,162669,162674,162677,162704,162708,162710,162804,162807,162811,162814,162901,162904,162939,162941,162978,162981,162989,162994,162999,163073,163080,163082,163087,163090,163096,163099,163105,163110,163116,163121,163125,163128,163130,163155],[10,160725,2945,160727,2949],{"id":160726},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,160728,63681],{},[20,160730,160731,160733],{},[15,160732,63681],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,160735,160736,160737,160739,160740,160742],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,160738,63681],{}," inside a ",[15,160741,5328],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[131,160744,1372],{"id":1371},[35,160746,160748],{"className":37,"code":160747,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,160749,160750,160782,160802,160806,160831],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160751,160752,160754,160756,160758,160760,160762,160764,160766,160768,160770,160772,160774,160776,160778,160780],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160753,4365],{"class":50},[44,160755,55],{"class":54},[44,160757,2993],{"class":58},[44,160759,236],{"class":235},[44,160761,12237],{"class":239},[44,160763,236],{"class":235},[44,160765,66],{"class":58},[44,160767,247],{"class":235},[44,160769,35294],{"class":239},[44,160771,236],{"class":235},[44,160773,66],{"class":58},[44,160775,247],{"class":235},[44,160777,35303],{"class":239},[44,160779,236],{"class":235},[44,160781,3006],{"class":58},[44,160783,160784,160786,160788,160790,160792,160794,160796,160798,160800],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,160785,4434],{"class":50},[44,160787,55],{"class":54},[44,160789,2993],{"class":58},[44,160791,12856],{"class":62},[44,160793,66],{"class":58},[44,160795,12861],{"class":62},[44,160797,66],{"class":58},[44,160799,28269],{"class":62},[44,160801,3006],{"class":58},[44,160803,160804],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,160805,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,160807,160808,160810,160812,160814,160816,160818,160821,160823,160825,160827,160829],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,160809,5328],{"class":3245},[44,160811,35345],{"class":50},[44,160813,66],{"class":58},[44,160815,4476],{"class":50},[44,160817,3252],{"class":3245},[44,160819,160820],{"class":99}," zip",[44,160822,103],{"class":58},[44,160824,4409],{"class":89},[44,160826,66],{"class":58},[44,160828,4481],{"class":89},[44,160830,7716],{"class":58},[44,160832,160833,160835,160837,160839,160841,160843],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,160834,7442],{"class":99},[44,160836,103],{"class":58},[44,160838,7041],{"class":89},[44,160840,66],{"class":58},[44,160842,130108],{"class":89},[44,160844,108],{"class":58},[20,160846,111],{},[35,160848,160850],{"className":37,"code":160849,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,160851,160852,160858,160865],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160853,160854,160856],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160855,133127],{"class":50},[44,160857,32486],{"class":62},[44,160859,160860,160863],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,160861,160862],{"class":50},"Ben ",[44,160864,32491],{"class":62},[44,160866,160867,160870],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,160868,160869],{"class":50},"Cara ",[44,160871,32496],{"class":62},[20,160873,1462,160874,160876],{},[15,160875,63681],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[131,160878,134,160880,137],{"id":160879},"what-zip-does",[15,160881,63681],{},[145,160883,160884,160889,160892,160895],{},[148,160885,160886,160888],{},[15,160887,63681],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[148,160890,160891],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[148,160893,160894],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[148,160896,160897],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,160899,160900],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[131,160902,175],{"id":174},[20,160904,6590],{},[35,160906,160908],{"className":37,"code":160907,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,160909,160910],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160911,160912,160914,160916,160919,160921,160924,160926,160928],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160913,63751],{"class":99},[44,160915,103],{"class":58},[44,160917,160918],{"class":89},"iterable1",[44,160920,66],{"class":58},[44,160922,160923],{"class":89}," iterable2",[44,160925,66],{"class":58},[44,160927,33805],{"class":99},[44,160929,108],{"class":58},[20,160931,160932],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,160934,160935],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[35,160937,160939],{"className":37,"code":160938,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,160940,160941,160961,160993,160997],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160942,160943,160945,160947,160949,160951,160953,160955,160957,160959],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160944,51],{"class":50},[44,160946,55],{"class":54},[44,160948,2993],{"class":58},[44,160950,63],{"class":62},[44,160952,66],{"class":58},[44,160954,69],{"class":62},[44,160956,66],{"class":58},[44,160958,74],{"class":62},[44,160960,3006],{"class":58},[44,160962,160963,160965,160967,160969,160971,160973,160975,160977,160979,160981,160983,160985,160987,160989,160991],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,160964,35444],{"class":50},[44,160966,55],{"class":54},[44,160968,2993],{"class":58},[44,160970,236],{"class":235},[44,160972,167],{"class":239},[44,160974,236],{"class":235},[44,160976,66],{"class":58},[44,160978,247],{"class":235},[44,160980,1164],{"class":239},[44,160982,236],{"class":235},[44,160984,66],{"class":58},[44,160986,247],{"class":235},[44,160988,9109],{"class":239},[44,160990,236],{"class":235},[44,160992,3006],{"class":58},[44,160994,160995],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,160996,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,160998,160999,161001,161003,161005,161007,161009,161011,161013,161015,161017],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,161000,100],{"class":99},[44,161002,103],{"class":58},[44,161004,7467],{"class":121},[44,161006,103],{"class":58},[44,161008,63751],{"class":99},[44,161010,103],{"class":58},[44,161012,83],{"class":89},[44,161014,66],{"class":58},[44,161016,69458],{"class":89},[44,161018,2283],{"class":58},[20,161020,111],{},[35,161022,161024],{"className":37,"code":161023,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161025,161026],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161027,161028,161030,161032,161034,161036,161038,161040,161042,161044,161046,161048,161050,161052,161054,161056,161058,161060,161062,161064,161066,161068],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161029,21088],{"class":58},[44,161031,63],{"class":62},[44,161033,66],{"class":58},[44,161035,1012],{"class":235},[44,161037,167],{"class":239},[44,161039,1018],{"class":235},[44,161041,8604],{"class":58},[44,161043,8607],{"class":58},[44,161045,1426],{"class":62},[44,161047,66],{"class":58},[44,161049,1012],{"class":235},[44,161051,1164],{"class":239},[44,161053,1018],{"class":235},[44,161055,8604],{"class":58},[44,161057,8607],{"class":58},[44,161059,1432],{"class":62},[44,161061,66],{"class":58},[44,161063,1012],{"class":235},[44,161065,9109],{"class":239},[44,161067,1018],{"class":235},[44,161069,8620],{"class":58},[20,161071,161072],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[35,161074,161076],{"className":37,"code":161075,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161077,161078,161110,161130,161164,161168],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161079,161080,161082,161084,161086,161088,161090,161092,161094,161096,161098,161100,161102,161104,161106,161108],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161081,4365],{"class":50},[44,161083,55],{"class":54},[44,161085,2993],{"class":58},[44,161087,236],{"class":235},[44,161089,12237],{"class":239},[44,161091,236],{"class":235},[44,161093,66],{"class":58},[44,161095,247],{"class":235},[44,161097,35294],{"class":239},[44,161099,236],{"class":235},[44,161101,66],{"class":58},[44,161103,247],{"class":235},[44,161105,35303],{"class":239},[44,161107,236],{"class":235},[44,161109,3006],{"class":58},[44,161111,161112,161114,161116,161118,161120,161122,161124,161126,161128],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,161113,4434],{"class":50},[44,161115,55],{"class":54},[44,161117,2993],{"class":58},[44,161119,12856],{"class":62},[44,161121,66],{"class":58},[44,161123,12861],{"class":62},[44,161125,66],{"class":58},[44,161127,28269],{"class":62},[44,161129,3006],{"class":58},[44,161131,161132,161135,161137,161139,161141,161143,161145,161147,161149,161151,161153,161155,161157,161160,161162],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,161133,161134],{"class":50},"grades ",[44,161136,55],{"class":54},[44,161138,2993],{"class":58},[44,161140,236],{"class":235},[44,161142,21592],{"class":239},[44,161144,236],{"class":235},[44,161146,66],{"class":58},[44,161148,247],{"class":235},[44,161150,29949],{"class":239},[44,161152,236],{"class":235},[44,161154,66],{"class":58},[44,161156,247],{"class":235},[44,161158,161159],{"class":239},"B+",[44,161161,236],{"class":235},[44,161163,3006],{"class":58},[44,161165,161166],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,161167,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,161169,161170,161172,161174,161176,161178,161180,161182,161184,161186,161188,161190,161193],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,161171,100],{"class":99},[44,161173,103],{"class":58},[44,161175,7467],{"class":121},[44,161177,103],{"class":58},[44,161179,63751],{"class":99},[44,161181,103],{"class":58},[44,161183,4409],{"class":89},[44,161185,66],{"class":58},[44,161187,4481],{"class":89},[44,161189,66],{"class":58},[44,161191,161192],{"class":89}," grades",[44,161194,2283],{"class":58},[20,161196,111],{},[35,161198,161200],{"className":37,"code":161199,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161201,161202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161203,161204,161206,161208,161210,161212,161214,161216,161218,161220,161222,161224,161226,161228,161230,161232,161234,161236,161238,161240,161242,161244,161246,161248,161250,161252,161254,161256,161258,161260,161262,161264,161266,161268],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161205,21088],{"class":58},[44,161207,1018],{"class":235},[44,161209,12237],{"class":239},[44,161211,1018],{"class":235},[44,161213,66],{"class":58},[44,161215,19246],{"class":62},[44,161217,66],{"class":58},[44,161219,1012],{"class":235},[44,161221,21592],{"class":239},[44,161223,1018],{"class":235},[44,161225,8604],{"class":58},[44,161227,8607],{"class":58},[44,161229,1018],{"class":235},[44,161231,35294],{"class":239},[44,161233,1018],{"class":235},[44,161235,66],{"class":58},[44,161237,12861],{"class":62},[44,161239,66],{"class":58},[44,161241,1012],{"class":235},[44,161243,29949],{"class":239},[44,161245,1018],{"class":235},[44,161247,8604],{"class":58},[44,161249,8607],{"class":58},[44,161251,1018],{"class":235},[44,161253,35303],{"class":239},[44,161255,1018],{"class":235},[44,161257,66],{"class":58},[44,161259,28269],{"class":62},[44,161261,66],{"class":58},[44,161263,1012],{"class":235},[44,161265,161159],{"class":239},[44,161267,1018],{"class":235},[44,161269,8620],{"class":58},[131,161271,161273],{"id":161272},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161275,161276],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[35,161278,161280],{"className":37,"code":161279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161281,161282,161314,161334,161338,161362],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161283,161284,161286,161288,161290,161292,161294,161296,161298,161300,161302,161304,161306,161308,161310,161312],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161285,4365],{"class":50},[44,161287,55],{"class":54},[44,161289,2993],{"class":58},[44,161291,236],{"class":235},[44,161293,12237],{"class":239},[44,161295,236],{"class":235},[44,161297,66],{"class":58},[44,161299,247],{"class":235},[44,161301,35294],{"class":239},[44,161303,236],{"class":235},[44,161305,66],{"class":58},[44,161307,247],{"class":235},[44,161309,35303],{"class":239},[44,161311,236],{"class":235},[44,161313,3006],{"class":58},[44,161315,161316,161318,161320,161322,161324,161326,161328,161330,161332],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,161317,4434],{"class":50},[44,161319,55],{"class":54},[44,161321,2993],{"class":58},[44,161323,12856],{"class":62},[44,161325,66],{"class":58},[44,161327,12861],{"class":62},[44,161329,66],{"class":58},[44,161331,28269],{"class":62},[44,161333,3006],{"class":58},[44,161335,161336],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,161337,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,161339,161340,161342,161344,161346,161348,161350,161352,161354,161356,161358,161360],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,161341,5328],{"class":3245},[44,161343,35345],{"class":50},[44,161345,66],{"class":58},[44,161347,4476],{"class":50},[44,161349,3252],{"class":3245},[44,161351,160820],{"class":99},[44,161353,103],{"class":58},[44,161355,4409],{"class":89},[44,161357,66],{"class":58},[44,161359,4481],{"class":89},[44,161361,7716],{"class":58},[44,161363,161364,161366,161368,161370,161372,161374,161376,161378,161381,161383,161385,161387,161389],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,161365,7442],{"class":99},[44,161367,103],{"class":58},[44,161369,21641],{"class":1008},[44,161371,236],{"class":239},[44,161373,550],{"class":62},[44,161375,7041],{"class":89},[44,161377,21650],{"class":62},[44,161379,161380],{"class":239}," scored ",[44,161382,550],{"class":62},[44,161384,84881],{"class":89},[44,161386,21650],{"class":62},[44,161388,236],{"class":239},[44,161390,108],{"class":58},[20,161392,111],{},[35,161394,161396],{"className":37,"code":161395,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161397,161398,161405,161412],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161399,161400,161403],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161401,161402],{"class":50},"Ana scored ",[44,161404,32486],{"class":62},[44,161406,161407,161410],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,161408,161409],{"class":50},"Ben scored ",[44,161411,32491],{"class":62},[44,161413,161414,161417],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,161415,161416],{"class":50},"Cara scored ",[44,161418,32496],{"class":62},[20,161420,44289],{},[145,161422,161423,161432,161435],{},[148,161424,161425,161428,161429],{},[15,161426,161427],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,161430,161431],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[148,161433,161434],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[148,161436,161437,342,161439,161441],{},[15,161438,7041],{},[15,161440,84881],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,161443,161444,161445,86],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[167,161446,68975],{"href":68974},[131,161448,161450],{"id":161449},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,161452,161453,161455],{},[15,161454,63681],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,161457,161458],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[35,161460,161462],{"className":37,"code":161461,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161463,161464,161505,161521,161525,161549],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161465,161466,161468,161470,161472,161474,161476,161478,161480,161482,161484,161486,161488,161490,161492,161494,161496,161498,161501,161503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161467,4365],{"class":50},[44,161469,55],{"class":54},[44,161471,2993],{"class":58},[44,161473,236],{"class":235},[44,161475,12237],{"class":239},[44,161477,236],{"class":235},[44,161479,66],{"class":58},[44,161481,247],{"class":235},[44,161483,35294],{"class":239},[44,161485,236],{"class":235},[44,161487,66],{"class":58},[44,161489,247],{"class":235},[44,161491,35303],{"class":239},[44,161493,236],{"class":235},[44,161495,66],{"class":58},[44,161497,247],{"class":235},[44,161499,161500],{"class":239},"Dan",[44,161502,236],{"class":235},[44,161504,3006],{"class":58},[44,161506,161507,161509,161511,161513,161515,161517,161519],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,161508,4434],{"class":50},[44,161510,55],{"class":54},[44,161512,2993],{"class":58},[44,161514,12856],{"class":62},[44,161516,66],{"class":58},[44,161518,12861],{"class":62},[44,161520,3006],{"class":58},[44,161522,161523],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,161524,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,161526,161527,161529,161531,161533,161535,161537,161539,161541,161543,161545,161547],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,161528,5328],{"class":3245},[44,161530,35345],{"class":50},[44,161532,66],{"class":58},[44,161534,4476],{"class":50},[44,161536,3252],{"class":3245},[44,161538,160820],{"class":99},[44,161540,103],{"class":58},[44,161542,4409],{"class":89},[44,161544,66],{"class":58},[44,161546,4481],{"class":89},[44,161548,7716],{"class":58},[44,161550,161551,161553,161555,161557,161559,161561],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,161552,7442],{"class":99},[44,161554,103],{"class":58},[44,161556,7041],{"class":89},[44,161558,66],{"class":58},[44,161560,130108],{"class":89},[44,161562,108],{"class":58},[20,161564,111],{},[35,161566,161568],{"className":37,"code":161567,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,161569,161570,161576],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161571,161572,161574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161573,133127],{"class":50},[44,161575,32486],{"class":62},[44,161577,161578,161580],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,161579,160862],{"class":50},[44,161581,32491],{"class":62},[20,161583,1656,161584,342,161587,161590],{},[15,161585,161586],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,161588,161589],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,161592,161593],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[35,161595,161597],{"className":37,"code":161596,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,161598,161599,161639,161655,161659],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161600,161601,161603,161605,161607,161609,161611,161613,161615,161617,161619,161621,161623,161625,161627,161629,161631,161633,161635,161637],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161602,4365],{"class":50},[44,161604,55],{"class":54},[44,161606,2993],{"class":58},[44,161608,236],{"class":235},[44,161610,12237],{"class":239},[44,161612,236],{"class":235},[44,161614,66],{"class":58},[44,161616,247],{"class":235},[44,161618,35294],{"class":239},[44,161620,236],{"class":235},[44,161622,66],{"class":58},[44,161624,247],{"class":235},[44,161626,35303],{"class":239},[44,161628,236],{"class":235},[44,161630,66],{"class":58},[44,161632,247],{"class":235},[44,161634,161500],{"class":239},[44,161636,236],{"class":235},[44,161638,3006],{"class":58},[44,161640,161641,161643,161645,161647,161649,161651,161653],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,161642,4434],{"class":50},[44,161644,55],{"class":54},[44,161646,2993],{"class":58},[44,161648,12856],{"class":62},[44,161650,66],{"class":58},[44,161652,12861],{"class":62},[44,161654,3006],{"class":58},[44,161656,161657],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,161658,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,161660,161661,161663,161665,161667,161669,161671,161673,161675,161677,161679],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,161662,100],{"class":99},[44,161664,103],{"class":58},[44,161666,10529],{"class":99},[44,161668,103],{"class":58},[44,161670,4409],{"class":89},[44,161672,8604],{"class":58},[44,161674,37741],{"class":99},[44,161676,103],{"class":58},[44,161678,15740],{"class":89},[44,161680,993],{"class":58},[20,161682,111],{},[35,161684,161686],{"className":37,"code":161685,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4 2\n",[15,161687,161688],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161689,161690,161692],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161691,1875],{"class":62},[44,161693,44948],{"class":62},[20,161695,161696,161697,86],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,161698,63681],{},[131,161700,91472,161702,161704],{"id":161701},"converting-zip-output",[15,161703,63681],{}," output",[20,161706,1187,161707,161709],{},[15,161708,63681],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[347,161711,1462,161713],{"id":161712},"use-listzip",[15,161714,161715],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,161717,161718],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[35,161720,161722],{"className":37,"code":161721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,161723,161724,161756,161776,161780,161802],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161725,161726,161728,161730,161732,161734,161736,161738,161740,161742,161744,161746,161748,161750,161752,161754],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161727,4365],{"class":50},[44,161729,55],{"class":54},[44,161731,2993],{"class":58},[44,161733,236],{"class":235},[44,161735,12237],{"class":239},[44,161737,236],{"class":235},[44,161739,66],{"class":58},[44,161741,247],{"class":235},[44,161743,35294],{"class":239},[44,161745,236],{"class":235},[44,161747,66],{"class":58},[44,161749,247],{"class":235},[44,161751,35303],{"class":239},[44,161753,236],{"class":235},[44,161755,3006],{"class":58},[44,161757,161758,161760,161762,161764,161766,161768,161770,161772,161774],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,161759,4434],{"class":50},[44,161761,55],{"class":54},[44,161763,2993],{"class":58},[44,161765,12856],{"class":62},[44,161767,66],{"class":58},[44,161769,12861],{"class":62},[44,161771,66],{"class":58},[44,161773,28269],{"class":62},[44,161775,3006],{"class":58},[44,161777,161778],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,161779,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,161781,161782,161784,161786,161788,161790,161792,161794,161796,161798,161800],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,161783,8586],{"class":50},[44,161785,55],{"class":54},[44,161787,21907],{"class":121},[44,161789,103],{"class":58},[44,161791,63751],{"class":99},[44,161793,103],{"class":58},[44,161795,4409],{"class":89},[44,161797,66],{"class":58},[44,161799,4481],{"class":89},[44,161801,993],{"class":58},[44,161803,161804,161806,161808,161810],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,161805,100],{"class":99},[44,161807,103],{"class":58},[44,161809,8633],{"class":89},[44,161811,108],{"class":58},[20,161813,111],{},[35,161815,161817],{"className":37,"code":161816,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,161818,161819],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161820,161821,161823,161825,161827,161829,161831,161833,161835,161837,161839,161841,161843,161845,161847,161849,161851,161853,161855,161857,161859,161861],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161822,21088],{"class":58},[44,161824,1018],{"class":235},[44,161826,12237],{"class":239},[44,161828,1018],{"class":235},[44,161830,66],{"class":58},[44,161832,19246],{"class":62},[44,161834,8604],{"class":58},[44,161836,8607],{"class":58},[44,161838,1018],{"class":235},[44,161840,35294],{"class":239},[44,161842,1018],{"class":235},[44,161844,66],{"class":58},[44,161846,12861],{"class":62},[44,161848,8604],{"class":58},[44,161850,8607],{"class":58},[44,161852,1018],{"class":235},[44,161854,35303],{"class":239},[44,161856,1018],{"class":235},[44,161858,66],{"class":58},[44,161860,28269],{"class":62},[44,161862,8620],{"class":58},[347,161864,1462,161866],{"id":161865},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,161867,161868],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,161870,161871],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[35,161873,161875],{"className":37,"code":161874,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,161876,161877,161909,161937,161941,161963],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161878,161879,161881,161883,161885,161887,161889,161891,161893,161895,161897,161899,161901,161903,161905,161907],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161880,16592],{"class":50},[44,161882,55],{"class":54},[44,161884,2993],{"class":58},[44,161886,236],{"class":235},[44,161888,7041],{"class":239},[44,161890,236],{"class":235},[44,161892,66],{"class":58},[44,161894,247],{"class":235},[44,161896,8669],{"class":239},[44,161898,236],{"class":235},[44,161900,66],{"class":58},[44,161902,247],{"class":235},[44,161904,9777],{"class":239},[44,161906,236],{"class":235},[44,161908,3006],{"class":58},[44,161910,161911,161913,161915,161917,161919,161921,161923,161925,161927,161929,161931,161933,161935],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,161912,3191],{"class":50},[44,161914,55],{"class":54},[44,161916,2993],{"class":58},[44,161918,236],{"class":235},[44,161920,12237],{"class":239},[44,161922,236],{"class":235},[44,161924,66],{"class":58},[44,161926,8676],{"class":62},[44,161928,66],{"class":58},[44,161930,247],{"class":235},[44,161932,15382],{"class":239},[44,161934,236],{"class":235},[44,161936,3006],{"class":58},[44,161938,161939],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,161940,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,161942,161943,161945,161947,161949,161951,161953,161955,161957,161959,161961],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,161944,12558],{"class":50},[44,161946,55],{"class":54},[44,161948,8541],{"class":121},[44,161950,103],{"class":58},[44,161952,63751],{"class":99},[44,161954,103],{"class":58},[44,161956,16273],{"class":89},[44,161958,66],{"class":58},[44,161960,3255],{"class":89},[44,161962,993],{"class":58},[44,161964,161965,161967,161969,161971],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,161966,100],{"class":99},[44,161968,103],{"class":58},[44,161970,16657],{"class":89},[44,161972,108],{"class":58},[20,161974,111],{},[35,161976,161978],{"className":37,"code":161977,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,161979,161980],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161981,161982,161984,161986,161988,161990,161992,161994,161996,161998,162000,162002,162004,162006,162008,162010,162012,162014,162016,162018,162020,162022,162024,162026],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161983,550],{"class":58},[44,161985,1018],{"class":235},[44,161987,7041],{"class":239},[44,161989,1018],{"class":235},[44,161991,2255],{"class":58},[44,161993,1012],{"class":235},[44,161995,12237],{"class":239},[44,161997,1018],{"class":235},[44,161999,66],{"class":58},[44,162001,1012],{"class":235},[44,162003,8669],{"class":239},[44,162005,1018],{"class":235},[44,162007,2255],{"class":58},[44,162009,8676],{"class":62},[44,162011,66],{"class":58},[44,162013,1012],{"class":235},[44,162015,9777],{"class":239},[44,162017,1018],{"class":235},[44,162019,2255],{"class":58},[44,162021,1012],{"class":235},[44,162023,15382],{"class":239},[44,162025,1018],{"class":235},[44,162027,77],{"class":58},[20,162029,162030,162031,86],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[167,162032,30436],{"href":30435},[347,162034,162036],{"id":162035},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162038,162039],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[35,162041,162043],{"className":37,"code":162042,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162044,162045,162069,162085,162089,162107,162111,162125],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162046,162047,162049,162051,162053,162055,162057,162059,162061,162063,162065,162067],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162048,4365],{"class":50},[44,162050,55],{"class":54},[44,162052,2993],{"class":58},[44,162054,236],{"class":235},[44,162056,12237],{"class":239},[44,162058,236],{"class":235},[44,162060,66],{"class":58},[44,162062,247],{"class":235},[44,162064,35294],{"class":239},[44,162066,236],{"class":235},[44,162068,3006],{"class":58},[44,162070,162071,162073,162075,162077,162079,162081,162083],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,162072,4434],{"class":50},[44,162074,55],{"class":54},[44,162076,2993],{"class":58},[44,162078,12856],{"class":62},[44,162080,66],{"class":58},[44,162082,12861],{"class":62},[44,162084,3006],{"class":58},[44,162086,162087],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,162088,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,162090,162091,162093,162095,162097,162099,162101,162103,162105],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,162092,8586],{"class":50},[44,162094,55],{"class":54},[44,162096,160820],{"class":99},[44,162098,103],{"class":58},[44,162100,4409],{"class":89},[44,162102,66],{"class":58},[44,162104,4481],{"class":89},[44,162106,108],{"class":58},[44,162108,162109],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,162110,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,162112,162113,162115,162117,162119,162121,162123],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,162114,100],{"class":99},[44,162116,103],{"class":58},[44,162118,7467],{"class":121},[44,162120,103],{"class":58},[44,162122,8633],{"class":89},[44,162124,993],{"class":58},[44,162126,162127,162129,162131,162133,162135,162137],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,162128,100],{"class":99},[44,162130,103],{"class":58},[44,162132,7467],{"class":121},[44,162134,103],{"class":58},[44,162136,8633],{"class":89},[44,162138,993],{"class":58},[20,162140,111],{},[35,162142,162144],{"className":37,"code":162143,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162145,162146,162176],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162147,162148,162150,162152,162154,162156,162158,162160,162162,162164,162166,162168,162170,162172,162174],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162149,21088],{"class":58},[44,162151,1018],{"class":235},[44,162153,12237],{"class":239},[44,162155,1018],{"class":235},[44,162157,66],{"class":58},[44,162159,19246],{"class":62},[44,162161,8604],{"class":58},[44,162163,8607],{"class":58},[44,162165,1018],{"class":235},[44,162167,35294],{"class":239},[44,162169,1018],{"class":235},[44,162171,66],{"class":58},[44,162173,12861],{"class":62},[44,162175,8620],{"class":58},[44,162177,162178],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,162179,37652],{"class":58},[20,162181,162182],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162184,162185,162186,86],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[167,162187,4507],{"href":4956},[131,162189,40402],{"id":40401},[20,162191,162192,162193,86],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162194,63681],{},[347,162196,162198],{"id":162197},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[35,162200,162202],{"className":37,"code":162201,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162203,162204,162236,162256,162260,162284],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162205,162206,162208,162210,162212,162214,162216,162218,162220,162222,162224,162226,162228,162230,162232,162234],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162207,4365],{"class":50},[44,162209,55],{"class":54},[44,162211,2993],{"class":58},[44,162213,236],{"class":235},[44,162215,12237],{"class":239},[44,162217,236],{"class":235},[44,162219,66],{"class":58},[44,162221,247],{"class":235},[44,162223,35294],{"class":239},[44,162225,236],{"class":235},[44,162227,66],{"class":58},[44,162229,247],{"class":235},[44,162231,35303],{"class":239},[44,162233,236],{"class":235},[44,162235,3006],{"class":58},[44,162237,162238,162240,162242,162244,162246,162248,162250,162252,162254],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,162239,4434],{"class":50},[44,162241,55],{"class":54},[44,162243,2993],{"class":58},[44,162245,12856],{"class":62},[44,162247,66],{"class":58},[44,162249,12861],{"class":62},[44,162251,66],{"class":58},[44,162253,28269],{"class":62},[44,162255,3006],{"class":58},[44,162257,162258],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,162259,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,162261,162262,162264,162266,162268,162270,162272,162274,162276,162278,162280,162282],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,162263,5328],{"class":3245},[44,162265,35345],{"class":50},[44,162267,66],{"class":58},[44,162269,4476],{"class":50},[44,162271,3252],{"class":3245},[44,162273,160820],{"class":99},[44,162275,103],{"class":58},[44,162277,4409],{"class":89},[44,162279,66],{"class":58},[44,162281,4481],{"class":89},[44,162283,7716],{"class":58},[44,162285,162286,162288,162290,162292,162294,162296,162298,162300,162302,162304,162306,162308,162310],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,162287,7442],{"class":99},[44,162289,103],{"class":58},[44,162291,21641],{"class":1008},[44,162293,236],{"class":239},[44,162295,550],{"class":62},[44,162297,7041],{"class":89},[44,162299,21650],{"class":62},[44,162301,21653],{"class":239},[44,162303,550],{"class":62},[44,162305,84881],{"class":89},[44,162307,21650],{"class":62},[44,162309,236],{"class":239},[44,162311,108],{"class":58},[347,162313,162315],{"id":162314},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[35,162317,162319],{"className":37,"code":162318,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162320,162321,162353,162377,162381,162403],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162322,162323,162325,162327,162329,162331,162333,162335,162337,162339,162341,162343,162345,162347,162349,162351],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162324,16592],{"class":50},[44,162326,55],{"class":54},[44,162328,2993],{"class":58},[44,162330,236],{"class":235},[44,162332,12007],{"class":239},[44,162334,236],{"class":235},[44,162336,66],{"class":58},[44,162338,247],{"class":235},[44,162340,7041],{"class":239},[44,162342,236],{"class":235},[44,162344,66],{"class":58},[44,162346,247],{"class":235},[44,162348,15172],{"class":239},[44,162350,236],{"class":235},[44,162352,3006],{"class":58},[44,162354,162355,162357,162359,162361,162363,162365,162367,162369,162371,162373,162375],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,162356,3191],{"class":50},[44,162358,55],{"class":54},[44,162360,2993],{"class":58},[44,162362,45951],{"class":62},[44,162364,66],{"class":58},[44,162366,247],{"class":235},[44,162368,12237],{"class":239},[44,162370,236],{"class":235},[44,162372,66],{"class":58},[44,162374,3286],{"class":692},[44,162376,3006],{"class":58},[44,162378,162379],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,162380,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,162382,162383,162385,162387,162389,162391,162393,162395,162397,162399,162401],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,162384,8536],{"class":50},[44,162386,55],{"class":54},[44,162388,8541],{"class":121},[44,162390,103],{"class":58},[44,162392,63751],{"class":99},[44,162394,103],{"class":58},[44,162396,16273],{"class":89},[44,162398,66],{"class":58},[44,162400,3255],{"class":89},[44,162402,993],{"class":58},[44,162404,162405,162407,162409,162411],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,162406,100],{"class":99},[44,162408,103],{"class":58},[44,162410,8575],{"class":89},[44,162412,108],{"class":58},[347,162414,162416],{"id":162415},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[35,162418,162420],{"className":37,"code":162419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162421,162422,162442,162462,162466,162491],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162423,162424,162426,162428,162430,162432,162434,162436,162438,162440],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162425,80019],{"class":50},[44,162427,55],{"class":54},[44,162429,2993],{"class":58},[44,162431,1701],{"class":62},[44,162433,66],{"class":58},[44,162435,7163],{"class":62},[44,162437,66],{"class":58},[44,162439,7168],{"class":62},[44,162441,3006],{"class":58},[44,162443,162444,162446,162448,162450,162452,162454,162456,162458,162460],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,162445,80040],{"class":50},[44,162447,55],{"class":54},[44,162449,2993],{"class":58},[44,162451,1701],{"class":62},[44,162453,66],{"class":58},[44,162455,8676],{"class":62},[44,162457,66],{"class":58},[44,162459,7168],{"class":62},[44,162461,3006],{"class":58},[44,162463,162464],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,162465,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,162467,162468,162470,162472,162474,162477,162479,162481,162483,162485,162487,162489],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,162469,5328],{"class":3245},[44,162471,56247],{"class":50},[44,162473,66],{"class":58},[44,162475,162476],{"class":50}," b ",[44,162478,3252],{"class":3245},[44,162480,160820],{"class":99},[44,162482,103],{"class":58},[44,162484,110995],{"class":89},[44,162486,66],{"class":58},[44,162488,80083],{"class":89},[44,162490,7716],{"class":58},[44,162492,162493,162495,162497,162499,162501,162503],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,162494,7442],{"class":99},[44,162496,103],{"class":58},[44,162498,1095],{"class":89},[44,162500,4058],{"class":54},[44,162502,1929],{"class":89},[44,162504,108],{"class":58},[20,162506,111],{},[35,162508,162510],{"className":37,"code":162509,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,162511,162512,162516,162520],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162513,162514],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162515,3350],{"class":692},[44,162517,162518],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,162519,3411],{"class":692},[44,162521,162522],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,162523,3350],{"class":692},[347,162525,162527],{"id":162526},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[35,162529,162531],{"className":37,"code":162530,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,162532,162533,162568,162591,162595,162622],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162534,162535,162538,162540,162542,162544,162546,162548,162550,162552,162555,162557,162559,162561,162564,162566],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162536,162537],{"class":50},"products ",[44,162539,55],{"class":54},[44,162541,2993],{"class":58},[44,162543,236],{"class":235},[44,162545,24489],{"class":239},[44,162547,236],{"class":235},[44,162549,66],{"class":58},[44,162551,247],{"class":235},[44,162553,162554],{"class":239},"Pen",[44,162556,236],{"class":235},[44,162558,66],{"class":58},[44,162560,247],{"class":235},[44,162562,162563],{"class":239},"Bag",[44,162565,236],{"class":235},[44,162567,3006],{"class":58},[44,162569,162570,162572,162574,162576,162579,162581,162584,162586,162589],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,162571,82409],{"class":50},[44,162573,55],{"class":54},[44,162575,2993],{"class":58},[44,162577,162578],{"class":62},"12.5",[44,162580,66],{"class":58},[44,162582,162583],{"class":62}," 1.2",[44,162585,66],{"class":58},[44,162587,162588],{"class":62}," 25.0",[44,162590,3006],{"class":58},[44,162592,162593],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,162594,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,162596,162597,162599,162601,162603,162606,162608,162610,162612,162615,162617,162620],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,162598,5328],{"class":3245},[44,162600,24550],{"class":50},[44,162602,66],{"class":58},[44,162604,162605],{"class":50}," price ",[44,162607,3252],{"class":3245},[44,162609,160820],{"class":99},[44,162611,103],{"class":58},[44,162613,162614],{"class":89},"products",[44,162616,66],{"class":58},[44,162618,162619],{"class":89}," prices",[44,162621,7716],{"class":58},[44,162623,162624,162626,162628,162630,162632,162634,162636,162638,162641,162643,162645,162647,162649],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,162625,7442],{"class":99},[44,162627,103],{"class":58},[44,162629,21641],{"class":1008},[44,162631,236],{"class":239},[44,162633,550],{"class":62},[44,162635,26357],{"class":89},[44,162637,21650],{"class":62},[44,162639,162640],{"class":239}," costs $",[44,162642,550],{"class":62},[44,162644,24498],{"class":89},[44,162646,21650],{"class":62},[44,162648,236],{"class":239},[44,162650,108],{"class":58},[20,162652,35955,162653,86],{},[167,162654,162656],{"href":162655},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[131,162658,162660,162661],{"id":162659},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,162662,63681],{},[347,162664,923,162666,162668],{"id":162665},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,162667,63681],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,162670,162671,162673],{},[15,162672,63681],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162675,162676],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[35,162678,162680],{"className":37,"code":162679,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,162681,162682],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162683,162684,162686,162688,162690,162692,162694,162696,162698,162700,162702],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162685,100],{"class":99},[44,162687,103],{"class":58},[44,162689,10529],{"class":99},[44,162691,103],{"class":58},[44,162693,110995],{"class":89},[44,162695,8604],{"class":58},[44,162697,37741],{"class":99},[44,162699,103],{"class":58},[44,162701,80306],{"class":89},[44,162703,993],{"class":58},[347,162705,162707],{"id":162706},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,162709,68198],{},[35,162711,162713],{"className":37,"code":162712,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,162714,162715,162751,162755,162768,162778,162782,162794],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162716,162717,162719,162721,162723,162725,162727,162729,162731,162733,162735,162737,162739,162741,162743,162745,162747,162749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162718,8586],{"class":50},[44,162720,55],{"class":54},[44,162722,160820],{"class":99},[44,162724,2357],{"class":58},[44,162726,63],{"class":62},[44,162728,66],{"class":58},[44,162730,69],{"class":62},[44,162732,17409],{"class":58},[44,162734,2993],{"class":58},[44,162736,236],{"class":235},[44,162738,167],{"class":239},[44,162740,236],{"class":235},[44,162742,66],{"class":58},[44,162744,247],{"class":235},[44,162746,1164],{"class":239},[44,162748,236],{"class":235},[44,162750,3258],{"class":58},[44,162752,162753],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,162754,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,162756,162757,162759,162761,162763,162766],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,162758,5328],{"class":3245},[44,162760,5331],{"class":50},[44,162762,3252],{"class":3245},[44,162764,162765],{"class":50}," pairs",[44,162767,5764],{"class":58},[44,162769,162770,162772,162774,162776],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,162771,7442],{"class":99},[44,162773,103],{"class":58},[44,162775,22658],{"class":89},[44,162777,108],{"class":58},[44,162779,162780],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,162781,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,162783,162784,162786,162788,162790,162792],{"class":46,"line":410},[44,162785,5328],{"class":3245},[44,162787,5331],{"class":50},[44,162789,3252],{"class":3245},[44,162791,162765],{"class":50},[44,162793,5764],{"class":58},[44,162795,162796,162798,162800,162802],{"class":46,"line":421},[44,162797,7442],{"class":99},[44,162799,103],{"class":58},[44,162801,22658],{"class":89},[44,162803,108],{"class":58},[20,162805,162806],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[347,162808,162810],{"id":162809},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,162812,162813],{},"This is correct:",[35,162815,162817],{"className":37,"code":162816,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162818,162819,162843,162859,162863,162887],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162820,162821,162823,162825,162827,162829,162831,162833,162835,162837,162839,162841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162822,4365],{"class":50},[44,162824,55],{"class":54},[44,162826,2993],{"class":58},[44,162828,236],{"class":235},[44,162830,12237],{"class":239},[44,162832,236],{"class":235},[44,162834,66],{"class":58},[44,162836,247],{"class":235},[44,162838,35294],{"class":239},[44,162840,236],{"class":235},[44,162842,3006],{"class":58},[44,162844,162845,162847,162849,162851,162853,162855,162857],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,162846,4434],{"class":50},[44,162848,55],{"class":54},[44,162850,2993],{"class":58},[44,162852,12856],{"class":62},[44,162854,66],{"class":58},[44,162856,12861],{"class":62},[44,162858,3006],{"class":58},[44,162860,162861],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,162862,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,162864,162865,162867,162869,162871,162873,162875,162877,162879,162881,162883,162885],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,162866,5328],{"class":3245},[44,162868,35345],{"class":50},[44,162870,66],{"class":58},[44,162872,4476],{"class":50},[44,162874,3252],{"class":3245},[44,162876,160820],{"class":99},[44,162878,103],{"class":58},[44,162880,4409],{"class":89},[44,162882,66],{"class":58},[44,162884,4481],{"class":89},[44,162886,7716],{"class":58},[44,162888,162889,162891,162893,162895,162897,162899],{"class":46,"line":288},[44,162890,7442],{"class":99},[44,162892,103],{"class":58},[44,162894,7041],{"class":89},[44,162896,66],{"class":58},[44,162898,130108],{"class":89},[44,162900,108],{"class":58},[20,162902,162903],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[35,162905,162907],{"className":37,"code":162906,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,162908,162909,162929],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162910,162911,162913,162915,162917,162919,162921,162923,162925,162927],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162912,5328],{"class":3245},[44,162914,5331],{"class":50},[44,162916,3252],{"class":3245},[44,162918,160820],{"class":99},[44,162920,103],{"class":58},[44,162922,4409],{"class":89},[44,162924,66],{"class":58},[44,162926,4481],{"class":89},[44,162928,7716],{"class":58},[44,162930,162931,162933,162935,162937],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,162932,7442],{"class":99},[44,162934,103],{"class":58},[44,162936,22658],{"class":89},[44,162938,108],{"class":58},[20,162940,111],{},[35,162942,162944],{"className":37,"code":162943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,162945,162946,162962],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162947,162948,162950,162952,162954,162956,162958,162960],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162949,103],{"class":58},[44,162951,1018],{"class":235},[44,162953,12237],{"class":239},[44,162955,1018],{"class":235},[44,162957,66],{"class":58},[44,162959,19246],{"class":62},[44,162961,108],{"class":58},[44,162963,162964,162966,162968,162970,162972,162974,162976],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,162965,103],{"class":58},[44,162967,1018],{"class":235},[44,162969,35294],{"class":239},[44,162971,1018],{"class":235},[44,162973,66],{"class":58},[44,162975,12861],{"class":62},[44,162977,108],{"class":58},[20,162979,162980],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[347,162982,350,162984,162986,162987],{"id":162983},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,162985,63681],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,162988,35102],{},[20,162990,1462,162991,162993],{},[15,162992,63681],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,162995,1462,162996,162998],{},[15,162997,35102],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[35,163000,163001],{"className":37,"code":35271,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,163002,163003,163035,163039,163059],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163004,163005,163007,163009,163011,163013,163015,163017,163019,163021,163023,163025,163027,163029,163031,163033],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163006,4365],{"class":50},[44,163008,55],{"class":54},[44,163010,2993],{"class":58},[44,163012,236],{"class":235},[44,163014,12237],{"class":239},[44,163016,236],{"class":235},[44,163018,66],{"class":58},[44,163020,247],{"class":235},[44,163022,35294],{"class":239},[44,163024,236],{"class":235},[44,163026,66],{"class":58},[44,163028,247],{"class":235},[44,163030,35303],{"class":239},[44,163032,236],{"class":235},[44,163034,3006],{"class":58},[44,163036,163037],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,163038,269],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":268},[44,163040,163041,163043,163045,163047,163049,163051,163053,163055,163057],{"class":46,"line":96},[44,163042,5328],{"class":3245},[44,163044,35174],{"class":50},[44,163046,66],{"class":58},[44,163048,35322],{"class":50},[44,163050,3252],{"class":3245},[44,163052,35184],{"class":99},[44,163054,103],{"class":58},[44,163056,4409],{"class":89},[44,163058,7716],{"class":58},[44,163060,163061,163063,163065,163067,163069,163071],{"class":46,"line":283},[44,163062,7442],{"class":99},[44,163064,103],{"class":58},[44,163066,35199],{"class":89},[44,163068,66],{"class":58},[44,163070,35345],{"class":89},[44,163072,108],{"class":58},[20,163074,163075,163076,86],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[167,163077,2945,163078,2878],{"href":91384},[15,163079,35102],{},[131,163081,1196],{"id":1195},[347,163083,1200,163085,1203],{"id":163084},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163086,63681],{},[20,163088,163089],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[347,163091,1212,163093,163095],{"id":163092},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163094,63681],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163097,163098],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[347,163100,163102,163103,1239],{"id":163101},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163104,63681],{},[20,163106,163107,163108,86],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163109,161715],{},[347,163111,163113,163114,1239],{"id":163112},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163115,63681],{},[20,163117,127473,163118,163120],{},[15,163119,161868],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[347,163122,163124],{"id":163123},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163126,163127],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[131,163129,1251],{"id":1250},[145,163131,163132,163137,163143,163147,163151],{},[148,163133,163134],{},[167,163135,163136],{"href":162655},"How to use zip in Python",[148,163138,163139],{},[167,163140,2945,163141,2878],{"href":91384},[15,163142,35102],{},[148,163144,163145],{},[167,163146,4584],{"href":4956},[148,163148,163149],{},[167,163150,69051],{"href":68974},[148,163152,163153],{},[167,163154,31610],{"href":30435},[1294,163156,163157],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":163159},[163160,163161,163163,163164,163165,163166,163174,163180,163189,163200],{"id":1371,"depth":80,"text":1372},{"id":160879,"depth":80,"text":163162},"What zip() does",{"id":174,"depth":80,"text":175},{"id":161272,"depth":80,"text":161273},{"id":161449,"depth":80,"text":161450},{"id":161701,"depth":80,"text":163167,"children":163168},"Converting zip() output",[163169,163171,163173],{"id":161712,"depth":96,"text":163170},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":161865,"depth":96,"text":163172},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162035,"depth":96,"text":162036},{"id":40401,"depth":80,"text":40402,"children":163175},[163176,163177,163178,163179],{"id":162197,"depth":96,"text":162198},{"id":162314,"depth":96,"text":162315},{"id":162415,"depth":96,"text":162416},{"id":162526,"depth":96,"text":162527},{"id":162659,"depth":80,"text":163181,"children":163182},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163183,163185,163186,163187],{"id":162665,"depth":96,"text":163184},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":162706,"depth":96,"text":162707},{"id":162809,"depth":96,"text":162810},{"id":162983,"depth":96,"text":163188},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1195,"depth":80,"text":1196,"children":163190},[163191,163193,163195,163197,163199],{"id":163084,"depth":96,"text":163192},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163092,"depth":96,"text":163194},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163101,"depth":96,"text":163196},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163112,"depth":96,"text":163198},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163123,"depth":96,"text":163124},{"id":1250,"depth":80,"text":1251},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":160721,"description":163201},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944853792]