[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163810},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set":3,"nav-reference":2015},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2008,"extension":2009,"meta":2010,"navigation":134,"path":2011,"seo":2012,"stem":2013,"__hash__":2014},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1965},"minimark",[9,13,17,20,25,177,183,234,241,245,266,270,273,276,290,304,308,311,346,351,372,375,380,383,446,450,476,487,493,499,502,518,522,572,576,601,608,612,659,663,684,688,724,728,773,776,780,785,825,829,858,865,872,912,916,941,946,950,953,956,1034,1038,1075,1078,1082,1089,1092,1104,1157,1163,1170,1198,1201,1229,1232,1265,1268,1272,1276,1315,1319,1387,1390,1423,1427,1452,1456,1459,1466,1469,1498,1501,1520,1525,1529,1532,1575,1578,1582,1585,1588,1619,1622,1626,1629,1644,1649,1653,1656,1750,1754,1757,1848,1851,1869,1873,1877,1887,1891,1899,1903,1906,1910,1913,1917,1920,1924,1958,1961],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"python-set-creating-a-set",[14,15,16],"p",{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[14,18,19],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[21,22,24],"h2",{"id":23},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[26,27,32],"pre",{"className":28,"code":29,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n","python","",[33,34,35,70,116,129,136,153,165],"code",{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,37,40,44,48,52,56,59,62,64,67],"span",{"class":38,"line":39},"line",1,[36,41,43],{"class":42},"su5hD","numbers ",[36,45,47],{"class":46},"smGrS","=",[36,49,51],{"class":50},"sP7_E"," {",[36,53,55],{"class":54},"srdBf","1",[36,57,58],{"class":50},",",[36,60,61],{"class":54}," 2",[36,63,58],{"class":50},[36,65,66],{"class":54}," 3",[36,68,69],{"class":50},"}\n",[36,71,73,76,78,82,85,89,93,95,97,100,103,105,107,109,111,113],{"class":38,"line":72},2,[36,74,75],{"class":42},"words ",[36,77,47],{"class":46},[36,79,81],{"class":80},"sZMiF"," set",[36,83,84],{"class":50},"([",[36,86,88],{"class":87},"sjJ54","\"",[36,90,92],{"class":91},"s_sjI","apple",[36,94,88],{"class":87},[36,96,58],{"class":50},[36,98,99],{"class":87}," \"",[36,101,102],{"class":91},"banana",[36,104,88],{"class":87},[36,106,58],{"class":50},[36,108,99],{"class":87},[36,110,92],{"class":91},[36,112,88],{"class":87},[36,114,115],{"class":50},"])\n",[36,117,119,122,124,126],{"class":38,"line":118},3,[36,120,121],{"class":42},"empty_set ",[36,123,47],{"class":46},[36,125,81],{"class":80},[36,127,128],{"class":50},"()\n",[36,130,132],{"class":38,"line":131},4,[36,133,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},true,"\n",[36,137,139,143,146,150],{"class":38,"line":138},5,[36,140,142],{"class":141},"sptTA","print",[36,144,145],{"class":50},"(",[36,147,149],{"class":148},"slqww","numbers",[36,151,152],{"class":50},")\n",[36,154,156,158,160,163],{"class":38,"line":155},6,[36,157,142],{"class":141},[36,159,145],{"class":50},[36,161,162],{"class":148},"words",[36,164,152],{"class":50},[36,166,168,170,172,175],{"class":38,"line":167},7,[36,169,142],{"class":141},[36,171,145],{"class":50},[36,173,174],{"class":148},"empty_set",[36,176,152],{"class":50},[14,178,179],{},[180,181,182],"strong",{},"Output:",[26,184,186],{"className":28,"code":185,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[33,187,188,205,227],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,189,190,193,195,197,199,201,203],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,191,192],{"class":50},"{",[36,194,55],{"class":54},[36,196,58],{"class":50},[36,198,61],{"class":54},[36,200,58],{"class":50},[36,202,66],{"class":54},[36,204,69],{"class":50},[36,206,207,209,212,214,216,218,221,223,225],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,208,192],{"class":50},[36,210,211],{"class":87},"'",[36,213,102],{"class":91},[36,215,211],{"class":87},[36,217,58],{"class":50},[36,219,220],{"class":87}," '",[36,222,92],{"class":91},[36,224,211],{"class":87},[36,226,69],{"class":50},[36,228,229,232],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,230,231],{"class":80},"set",[36,233,128],{"class":50},[14,235,236,237,240],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[33,238,239],{},"set()"," for an empty set.",[21,242,244],{"id":243},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[246,247,248,252,257,260,263],"ul",{},[249,250,251],"li",{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[249,253,254,255],{},"How to create a set with ",[33,256,239],{},[249,258,259],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[249,261,262],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[249,264,265],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[21,267,269],{"id":268},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[14,271,272],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[14,274,275],{},"Important things to know:",[246,277,278,281,284,287],{},[249,279,280],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[249,282,283],{},"Sets are unordered",[249,285,286],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[249,288,289],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[14,291,292,293,298,299,303],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[294,295,297],"a",{"href":296},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F","Python sets explained"," or ",[294,300,302],{"href":301},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",".",[21,305,307],{"id":306},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[14,309,310],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[26,312,314],{"className":28,"code":313,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,315,316,336],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,317,318,320,322,324,326,328,330,332,334],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,319,43],{"class":42},[36,321,47],{"class":46},[36,323,51],{"class":50},[36,325,55],{"class":54},[36,327,58],{"class":50},[36,329,61],{"class":54},[36,331,58],{"class":50},[36,333,66],{"class":54},[36,335,69],{"class":50},[36,337,338,340,342,344],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,339,142],{"class":141},[36,341,145],{"class":50},[36,343,149],{"class":148},[36,345,152],{"class":50},[14,347,348],{},[180,349,350],{},"Possible output:",[26,352,354],{"className":28,"code":353,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[33,355,356],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,357,358,360,362,364,366,368,370],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,359,192],{"class":50},[36,361,55],{"class":54},[36,363,58],{"class":50},[36,365,61],{"class":54},[36,367,58],{"class":50},[36,369,66],{"class":54},[36,371,69],{"class":50},[14,373,374],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[376,377,379],"h3",{"id":378},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[14,381,382],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[26,384,386],{"className":28,"code":385,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[33,387,388,420,430],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,389,390,392,394,396,398,400,402,404,406,408,410,412,414,416,418],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,391,43],{"class":42},[36,393,47],{"class":46},[36,395,51],{"class":50},[36,397,55],{"class":54},[36,399,58],{"class":50},[36,401,61],{"class":54},[36,403,58],{"class":50},[36,405,61],{"class":54},[36,407,58],{"class":50},[36,409,66],{"class":54},[36,411,58],{"class":50},[36,413,66],{"class":54},[36,415,58],{"class":50},[36,417,66],{"class":54},[36,419,69],{"class":50},[36,421,422,424,426,428],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,423,142],{"class":141},[36,425,145],{"class":50},[36,427,149],{"class":148},[36,429,152],{"class":50},[36,431,432,434,436,439,441,443],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,433,142],{"class":141},[36,435,145],{"class":50},[36,437,438],{"class":141},"len",[36,440,145],{"class":50},[36,442,149],{"class":148},[36,444,445],{"class":50},"))\n",[14,447,448],{},[180,449,350],{},[26,451,453],{"className":28,"code":452,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[33,454,455,471],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,456,457,459,461,463,465,467,469],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,458,192],{"class":50},[36,460,55],{"class":54},[36,462,58],{"class":50},[36,464,61],{"class":54},[36,466,58],{"class":50},[36,468,66],{"class":54},[36,470,69],{"class":50},[36,472,473],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,474,475],{"class":54},"3\n",[14,477,478,479,482,483,486],{},"Even though ",[33,480,481],{},"2"," and ",[33,484,485],{},"3"," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[21,488,490,491],{"id":489},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[33,492,239],{},[14,494,495,496,498],{},"Use ",[33,497,239],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[14,500,501],{},"Common inputs include:",[246,503,504,507,510,513],{},[249,505,506],{},"Lists",[249,508,509],{},"Tuples",[249,511,512],{},"Strings",[249,514,515],{},[33,516,517],{},"range()",[376,519,521],{"id":520},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[26,523,525],{"className":28,"code":524,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,526,527,562],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,528,529,531,533,535,537,539,541,543,545,547,549,551,553,555,557,560],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,530,43],{"class":42},[36,532,47],{"class":46},[36,534,81],{"class":80},[36,536,84],{"class":50},[36,538,55],{"class":54},[36,540,58],{"class":50},[36,542,61],{"class":54},[36,544,58],{"class":50},[36,546,61],{"class":54},[36,548,58],{"class":50},[36,550,66],{"class":54},[36,552,58],{"class":50},[36,554,66],{"class":54},[36,556,58],{"class":50},[36,558,559],{"class":54}," 4",[36,561,115],{"class":50},[36,563,564,566,568,570],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,565,142],{"class":141},[36,567,145],{"class":50},[36,569,149],{"class":148},[36,571,152],{"class":50},[14,573,574],{},[180,575,350],{},[26,577,579],{"className":28,"code":578,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[33,580,581],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,582,583,585,587,589,591,593,595,597,599],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,584,192],{"class":50},[36,586,55],{"class":54},[36,588,58],{"class":50},[36,590,61],{"class":54},[36,592,58],{"class":50},[36,594,66],{"class":54},[36,596,58],{"class":50},[36,598,559],{"class":54},[36,600,69],{"class":50},[14,602,603,604,303],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[294,605,607],{"href":606},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[376,609,611],{"id":610},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[26,613,615],{"className":28,"code":614,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[33,616,617,648],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,618,619,622,624,626,629,632,634,637,639,641,643,646],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,620,621],{"class":42},"values ",[36,623,47],{"class":46},[36,625,81],{"class":80},[36,627,628],{"class":50},"((",[36,630,631],{"class":54},"10",[36,633,58],{"class":50},[36,635,636],{"class":54}," 20",[36,638,58],{"class":50},[36,640,636],{"class":54},[36,642,58],{"class":50},[36,644,645],{"class":54}," 30",[36,647,445],{"class":50},[36,649,650,652,654,657],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,651,142],{"class":141},[36,653,145],{"class":50},[36,655,656],{"class":148},"values",[36,658,152],{"class":50},[14,660,661],{},[180,662,350],{},[26,664,666],{"className":28,"code":665,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[33,667,668],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,669,670,672,674,676,678,680,682],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,671,192],{"class":50},[36,673,631],{"class":54},[36,675,58],{"class":50},[36,677,636],{"class":54},[36,679,58],{"class":50},[36,681,645],{"class":54},[36,683,69],{"class":50},[376,685,687],{"id":686},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[26,689,691],{"className":28,"code":690,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[33,692,693,713],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,694,695,698,700,702,704,706,709,711],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,696,697],{"class":42},"letters ",[36,699,47],{"class":46},[36,701,81],{"class":80},[36,703,145],{"class":50},[36,705,88],{"class":87},[36,707,708],{"class":91},"hello",[36,710,88],{"class":87},[36,712,152],{"class":50},[36,714,715,717,719,722],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,716,142],{"class":141},[36,718,145],{"class":50},[36,720,721],{"class":148},"letters",[36,723,152],{"class":50},[14,725,726],{},[180,727,350],{},[26,729,731],{"className":28,"code":730,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[33,732,733],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,734,735,737,739,742,744,746,748,751,753,755,757,760,762,764,766,769,771],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,736,192],{"class":50},[36,738,211],{"class":87},[36,740,741],{"class":91},"h",[36,743,211],{"class":87},[36,745,58],{"class":50},[36,747,220],{"class":87},[36,749,750],{"class":91},"e",[36,752,211],{"class":87},[36,754,58],{"class":50},[36,756,220],{"class":87},[36,758,759],{"class":91},"l",[36,761,211],{"class":87},[36,763,58],{"class":50},[36,765,220],{"class":87},[36,767,768],{"class":91},"o",[36,770,211],{"class":87},[36,772,69],{"class":50},[14,774,775],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[21,777,779],{"id":778},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[14,781,782,783,303],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[33,784,239],{},[26,786,788],{"className":28,"code":787,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[33,789,790,800,810],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,791,792,794,796,798],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,793,121],{"class":42},[36,795,47],{"class":46},[36,797,81],{"class":80},[36,799,128],{"class":50},[36,801,802,804,806,808],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,803,142],{"class":141},[36,805,145],{"class":50},[36,807,174],{"class":148},[36,809,152],{"class":50},[36,811,812,814,816,819,821,823],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,813,142],{"class":141},[36,815,145],{"class":50},[36,817,818],{"class":80},"type",[36,820,145],{"class":50},[36,822,174],{"class":148},[36,824,445],{"class":50},[14,826,827],{},[180,828,182],{},[26,830,832],{"className":28,"code":831,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[33,833,834,840],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,835,836,838],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,837,231],{"class":80},[36,839,128],{"class":50},[36,841,842,845,849,851,853,855],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,843,844],{"class":46},"\u003C",[36,846,848],{"class":847},"sbsja","class",[36,850,220],{"class":87},[36,852,231],{"class":91},[36,854,211],{"class":87},[36,856,857],{"class":46},">\n",[376,859,861,862],{"id":860},"do-not-use","Do not use ",[33,863,864],{},"{}",[14,866,867,868,871],{},"Empty braces do ",[180,869,870],{},"not"," create a set.",[26,873,875],{"className":28,"code":874,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[33,876,877,887,898],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,878,879,882,884],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,880,881],{"class":42},"empty_value ",[36,883,47],{"class":46},[36,885,886],{"class":50}," {}\n",[36,888,889,891,893,896],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,890,142],{"class":141},[36,892,145],{"class":50},[36,894,895],{"class":148},"empty_value",[36,897,152],{"class":50},[36,899,900,902,904,906,908,910],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,901,142],{"class":141},[36,903,145],{"class":50},[36,905,818],{"class":80},[36,907,145],{"class":50},[36,909,895],{"class":148},[36,911,445],{"class":50},[14,913,914],{},[180,915,182],{},[26,917,919],{"className":28,"code":918,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[33,920,921,926],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,922,923],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,924,925],{"class":50},"{}\n",[36,927,928,930,932,934,937,939],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,929,844],{"class":46},[36,931,848],{"class":847},[36,933,220],{"class":87},[36,935,936],{"class":91},"dict",[36,938,211],{"class":87},[36,940,857],{"class":46},[14,942,943,945],{},[33,944,864],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[21,947,949],{"id":948},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[14,951,952],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[14,954,955],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[26,957,959],{"className":28,"code":958,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[33,960,961,1010,1020],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,962,963,965,967,969,971,973,975,977,979,981,983,985,987,989,991,993,995,997,999,1001,1003,1006,1008],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,964,75],{"class":42},[36,966,47],{"class":46},[36,968,51],{"class":50},[36,970,88],{"class":87},[36,972,92],{"class":91},[36,974,88],{"class":87},[36,976,58],{"class":50},[36,978,99],{"class":87},[36,980,102],{"class":91},[36,982,88],{"class":87},[36,984,58],{"class":50},[36,986,99],{"class":87},[36,988,92],{"class":91},[36,990,88],{"class":87},[36,992,58],{"class":50},[36,994,99],{"class":87},[36,996,92],{"class":91},[36,998,88],{"class":87},[36,1000,58],{"class":50},[36,1002,99],{"class":87},[36,1004,1005],{"class":91},"orange",[36,1007,88],{"class":87},[36,1009,69],{"class":50},[36,1011,1012,1014,1016,1018],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,1013,142],{"class":141},[36,1015,145],{"class":50},[36,1017,162],{"class":148},[36,1019,152],{"class":50},[36,1021,1022,1024,1026,1028,1030,1032],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,1023,142],{"class":141},[36,1025,145],{"class":50},[36,1027,438],{"class":141},[36,1029,145],{"class":50},[36,1031,162],{"class":148},[36,1033,445],{"class":50},[14,1035,1036],{},[180,1037,350],{},[26,1039,1041],{"className":28,"code":1040,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[33,1042,1043,1071],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1044,1045,1047,1049,1051,1053,1055,1057,1059,1061,1063,1065,1067,1069],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1046,192],{"class":50},[36,1048,211],{"class":87},[36,1050,102],{"class":91},[36,1052,211],{"class":87},[36,1054,58],{"class":50},[36,1056,220],{"class":87},[36,1058,1005],{"class":91},[36,1060,211],{"class":87},[36,1062,58],{"class":50},[36,1064,220],{"class":87},[36,1066,92],{"class":91},[36,1068,211],{"class":87},[36,1070,69],{"class":50},[36,1072,1073],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,1074,475],{"class":54},[14,1076,1077],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[21,1079,1081],{"id":1080},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[14,1083,1084,1085,1088],{},"Set items must be ",[180,1086,1087],{},"hashable",". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[14,1090,1091],{},"These usually work:",[246,1093,1094,1097,1099,1101],{},[249,1095,1096],{},"Numbers",[249,1098,512],{},[249,1100,509],{},[249,1102,1103],{},"Booleans",[26,1105,1107],{"className":28,"code":1106,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[33,1108,1109,1147],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1110,1111,1113,1115,1117,1119,1121,1123,1125,1127,1129,1132,1134,1136,1138,1141,1145],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1112,621],{"class":42},[36,1114,47],{"class":46},[36,1116,51],{"class":50},[36,1118,55],{"class":54},[36,1120,58],{"class":50},[36,1122,99],{"class":87},[36,1124,92],{"class":91},[36,1126,88],{"class":87},[36,1128,58],{"class":50},[36,1130,1131],{"class":50}," (",[36,1133,631],{"class":54},[36,1135,58],{"class":50},[36,1137,636],{"class":54},[36,1139,1140],{"class":50},"),",[36,1142,1144],{"class":1143},"s39Yj"," True",[36,1146,69],{"class":50},[36,1148,1149,1151,1153,1155],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,1150,142],{"class":141},[36,1152,145],{"class":50},[36,1154,656],{"class":148},[36,1156,152],{"class":50},[14,1158,1159,1160,1162],{},"These do ",[180,1161,870],{}," work directly:",[246,1164,1165,1167],{},[249,1166,506],{},[249,1168,1169],{},"Dictionaries",[26,1171,1173],{"className":28,"code":1172,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[33,1174,1175],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1176,1177,1180,1182,1185,1187,1189,1191,1193,1195],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1178,1179],{"class":42},"bad_set ",[36,1181,47],{"class":46},[36,1183,1184],{"class":50}," {[",[36,1186,55],{"class":54},[36,1188,58],{"class":50},[36,1190,61],{"class":54},[36,1192,58],{"class":50},[36,1194,66],{"class":54},[36,1196,1197],{"class":50},"]}\n",[14,1199,1200],{},"This raises an error:",[26,1202,1204],{"className":28,"code":1203,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[33,1205,1206],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1207,1208,1211,1214,1217,1219,1221,1223,1226],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1209,1210],{"class":80},"TypeError",[36,1212,1213],{"class":50},":",[36,1215,1216],{"class":42}," unhashable ",[36,1218,818],{"class":80},[36,1220,1213],{"class":50},[36,1222,220],{"class":87},[36,1224,1225],{"class":91},"list",[36,1227,1228],{"class":87},"'\n",[14,1230,1231],{},"Another example:",[26,1233,1235],{"className":28,"code":1234,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[33,1236,1237],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1238,1239,1241,1243,1246,1248,1251,1253,1255,1257,1260,1262],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1240,1179],{"class":42},[36,1242,47],{"class":46},[36,1244,1245],{"class":50}," {{",[36,1247,88],{"class":87},[36,1249,1250],{"class":91},"name",[36,1252,88],{"class":87},[36,1254,1213],{"class":50},[36,1256,99],{"class":87},[36,1258,1259],{"class":91},"Sam",[36,1261,88],{"class":87},[36,1263,1264],{"class":50},"}}\n",[14,1266,1267],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[21,1269,1271],{"id":1270},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[376,1273,1275],{"id":1274},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[26,1277,1279],{"className":28,"code":1278,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,1280,1281,1305],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1282,1283,1285,1287,1289,1291,1293,1295,1297,1299,1301,1303],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1284,43],{"class":42},[36,1286,47],{"class":46},[36,1288,51],{"class":50},[36,1290,55],{"class":54},[36,1292,58],{"class":50},[36,1294,61],{"class":54},[36,1296,58],{"class":50},[36,1298,66],{"class":54},[36,1300,58],{"class":50},[36,1302,559],{"class":54},[36,1304,69],{"class":50},[36,1306,1307,1309,1311,1313],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,1308,142],{"class":141},[36,1310,145],{"class":50},[36,1312,149],{"class":148},[36,1314,152],{"class":50},[376,1316,1318],{"id":1317},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[26,1320,1322],{"className":28,"code":1321,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[33,1323,1324,1356,1372,1376],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1325,1326,1329,1331,1334,1336,1338,1341,1343,1345,1347,1349,1351,1353],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1327,1328],{"class":42},"items ",[36,1330,47],{"class":46},[36,1332,1333],{"class":50}," [",[36,1335,55],{"class":54},[36,1337,58],{"class":50},[36,1339,1340],{"class":54}," 1",[36,1342,58],{"class":50},[36,1344,61],{"class":54},[36,1346,58],{"class":50},[36,1348,66],{"class":54},[36,1350,58],{"class":50},[36,1352,66],{"class":54},[36,1354,1355],{"class":50},"]\n",[36,1357,1358,1361,1363,1365,1367,1370],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,1359,1360],{"class":42},"unique_items ",[36,1362,47],{"class":46},[36,1364,81],{"class":80},[36,1366,145],{"class":50},[36,1368,1369],{"class":148},"items",[36,1371,152],{"class":50},[36,1373,1374],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,1375,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,1377,1378,1380,1382,1385],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,1379,142],{"class":141},[36,1381,145],{"class":50},[36,1383,1384],{"class":148},"unique_items",[36,1386,152],{"class":50},[376,1388,687],{"id":1389},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[26,1391,1393],{"className":28,"code":1392,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[33,1394,1395,1413],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1396,1397,1399,1401,1403,1405,1407,1409,1411],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1398,697],{"class":42},[36,1400,47],{"class":46},[36,1402,81],{"class":80},[36,1404,145],{"class":50},[36,1406,88],{"class":87},[36,1408,102],{"class":91},[36,1410,88],{"class":87},[36,1412,152],{"class":50},[36,1414,1415,1417,1419,1421],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,1416,142],{"class":141},[36,1418,145],{"class":50},[36,1420,721],{"class":148},[36,1422,152],{"class":50},[376,1424,1426],{"id":1425},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[26,1428,1430],{"className":28,"code":1429,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[33,1431,1432,1442],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1433,1434,1436,1438,1440],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1435,121],{"class":42},[36,1437,47],{"class":46},[36,1439,81],{"class":80},[36,1441,128],{"class":50},[36,1443,1444,1446,1448,1450],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,1445,142],{"class":141},[36,1447,145],{"class":50},[36,1449,174],{"class":148},[36,1451,152],{"class":50},[21,1453,1455],{"id":1454},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[14,1457,1458],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[376,1460,1462,1463,1465],{"id":1461},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set","Using ",[33,1464,864],{}," and expecting an empty set",[14,1467,1468],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[26,1470,1472],{"className":28,"code":1471,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[33,1473,1474,1483],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1475,1476,1479,1481],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1477,1478],{"class":42},"value ",[36,1480,47],{"class":46},[36,1482,886],{"class":50},[36,1484,1485,1487,1489,1491,1493,1496],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,1486,142],{"class":141},[36,1488,145],{"class":50},[36,1490,818],{"class":80},[36,1492,145],{"class":50},[36,1494,1495],{"class":148},"value",[36,1497,445],{"class":50},[14,1499,1500],{},"This prints:",[26,1502,1504],{"className":28,"code":1503,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[33,1505,1506],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1507,1508,1510,1512,1514,1516,1518],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1509,844],{"class":46},[36,1511,848],{"class":847},[36,1513,220],{"class":87},[36,1515,936],{"class":91},[36,1517,211],{"class":87},[36,1519,857],{"class":46},[14,1521,495,1522,1524],{},[33,1523,239],{}," instead.",[376,1526,1528],{"id":1527},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[14,1530,1531],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[26,1533,1535],{"className":28,"code":1534,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,1536,1537,1565],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1538,1539,1541,1543,1545,1547,1549,1551,1553,1555,1557,1559,1561,1563],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1540,43],{"class":42},[36,1542,47],{"class":46},[36,1544,51],{"class":50},[36,1546,55],{"class":54},[36,1548,58],{"class":50},[36,1550,1340],{"class":54},[36,1552,58],{"class":50},[36,1554,61],{"class":54},[36,1556,58],{"class":50},[36,1558,61],{"class":54},[36,1560,58],{"class":50},[36,1562,66],{"class":54},[36,1564,69],{"class":50},[36,1566,1567,1569,1571,1573],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,1568,142],{"class":141},[36,1570,145],{"class":50},[36,1572,149],{"class":148},[36,1574,152],{"class":50},[14,1576,1577],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[376,1579,1581],{"id":1580},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[14,1583,1584],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[14,1586,1587],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[26,1589,1591],{"className":28,"code":1590,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[33,1592,1593,1613],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1594,1595,1597,1599,1601,1603,1605,1607,1609,1611],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1596,43],{"class":42},[36,1598,47],{"class":46},[36,1600,51],{"class":50},[36,1602,631],{"class":54},[36,1604,58],{"class":50},[36,1606,636],{"class":54},[36,1608,58],{"class":50},[36,1610,645],{"class":54},[36,1612,69],{"class":50},[36,1614,1615],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,1616,1618],{"class":1617},"sutJx","# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[14,1620,1621],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[376,1623,1625],{"id":1624},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[14,1627,1628],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[26,1630,1632],{"className":28,"code":1631,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[33,1633,1634,1639],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1635,1636],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1637,1638],{"class":1617},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[36,1640,1641],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,1642,1643],{"class":1617},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[14,1645,1646,1647,303],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[33,1648,1210],{},[376,1650,1652],{"id":1651},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[14,1654,1655],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[26,1657,1659],{"className":28,"code":1658,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[33,1660,1661,1682,1716,1720,1735],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1662,1663,1666,1668,1670,1672,1674,1676,1678,1680],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1664,1665],{"class":42},"my_set ",[36,1667,47],{"class":46},[36,1669,51],{"class":50},[36,1671,55],{"class":54},[36,1673,58],{"class":50},[36,1675,61],{"class":54},[36,1677,58],{"class":50},[36,1679,66],{"class":54},[36,1681,69],{"class":50},[36,1683,1684,1687,1689,1691,1693,1695,1697,1699,1701,1703,1705,1708,1710,1712,1714],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,1685,1686],{"class":42},"my_dict ",[36,1688,47],{"class":46},[36,1690,51],{"class":50},[36,1692,88],{"class":87},[36,1694,294],{"class":91},[36,1696,88],{"class":87},[36,1698,1213],{"class":50},[36,1700,1340],{"class":54},[36,1702,58],{"class":50},[36,1704,99],{"class":87},[36,1706,1707],{"class":91},"b",[36,1709,88],{"class":87},[36,1711,1213],{"class":50},[36,1713,61],{"class":54},[36,1715,69],{"class":50},[36,1717,1718],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,1719,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,1721,1722,1724,1726,1728,1730,1733],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,1723,142],{"class":141},[36,1725,145],{"class":50},[36,1727,818],{"class":80},[36,1729,145],{"class":50},[36,1731,1732],{"class":148},"my_set",[36,1734,445],{"class":50},[36,1736,1737,1739,1741,1743,1745,1748],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,1738,142],{"class":141},[36,1740,145],{"class":50},[36,1742,818],{"class":80},[36,1744,145],{"class":50},[36,1746,1747],{"class":148},"my_dict",[36,1749,445],{"class":50},[21,1751,1753],{"id":1752},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[14,1755,1756],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[26,1758,1760],{"className":28,"code":1759,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[33,1761,1762,1788,1792,1806,1816,1830,1837],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1763,1764,1766,1768,1770,1772,1774,1776,1778,1780,1782,1784,1786],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1765,1665],{"class":42},[36,1767,47],{"class":46},[36,1769,81],{"class":80},[36,1771,84],{"class":50},[36,1773,55],{"class":54},[36,1775,58],{"class":50},[36,1777,61],{"class":54},[36,1779,58],{"class":50},[36,1781,61],{"class":54},[36,1783,58],{"class":50},[36,1785,66],{"class":54},[36,1787,115],{"class":50},[36,1789,1790],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,1791,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,1793,1794,1796,1798,1800,1802,1804],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,1795,142],{"class":141},[36,1797,145],{"class":50},[36,1799,818],{"class":80},[36,1801,145],{"class":50},[36,1803,1732],{"class":148},[36,1805,445],{"class":50},[36,1807,1808,1810,1812,1814],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,1809,142],{"class":141},[36,1811,145],{"class":50},[36,1813,1732],{"class":148},[36,1815,152],{"class":50},[36,1817,1818,1820,1822,1824,1826,1828],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,1819,142],{"class":141},[36,1821,145],{"class":50},[36,1823,438],{"class":141},[36,1825,145],{"class":50},[36,1827,1732],{"class":148},[36,1829,445],{"class":50},[36,1831,1832,1834],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,1833,142],{"class":141},[36,1835,1836],{"class":50},"({})\n",[36,1838,1839,1841,1843,1845],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,1840,142],{"class":141},[36,1842,145],{"class":50},[36,1844,231],{"class":80},[36,1846,1847],{"class":50},"())\n",[14,1849,1850],{},"Use these to confirm:",[246,1852,1853,1856,1859,1862],{},[249,1854,1855],{},"The object type",[249,1857,1858],{},"The actual values stored",[249,1860,1861],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[249,1863,1864,1865,482,1867],{},"The difference between ",[33,1866,864],{},[33,1868,239],{},[21,1870,1872],{"id":1871},"faq","FAQ",[376,1874,1876],{"id":1875},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[14,1878,1879,1880,1883,1884,1886],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[33,1881,1882],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[33,1885,239],{}," with another iterable.",[376,1888,1890],{"id":1889},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[14,1892,495,1893,1895,1896,1898],{},[33,1894,239],{},". Empty braces ",[33,1897,864],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[376,1900,1902],{"id":1901},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[14,1904,1905],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[376,1907,1909],{"id":1908},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[14,1911,1912],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[376,1914,1916],{"id":1915},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[14,1918,1919],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[21,1921,1923],{"id":1922},"see-also","See also",[246,1925,1926,1930,1940,1948,1953],{},[249,1927,1928],{},[294,1929,297],{"href":296},[249,1931,1932],{},[294,1933,1935,1936,1939],{"href":1934},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F","Python ",[33,1937,1938],{},"set.add()"," method",[249,1941,1942],{},[294,1943,1935,1945,1939],{"href":1944},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[33,1946,1947],{},"set.update()",[249,1949,1950],{},[294,1951,1952],{"href":606},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[249,1954,1955],{},[294,1956,1957],{"href":301},"What is a set in Python?",[14,1959,1960],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1962,1963,1964],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":1966},[1967,1968,1969,1970,1973,1979,1983,1984,1985,1991,1999,2000,2007],{"id":23,"depth":72,"text":24},{"id":243,"depth":72,"text":244},{"id":268,"depth":72,"text":269},{"id":306,"depth":72,"text":307,"children":1971},[1972],{"id":378,"depth":118,"text":379},{"id":489,"depth":72,"text":1974,"children":1975},"Create a set with set()",[1976,1977,1978],{"id":520,"depth":118,"text":521},{"id":610,"depth":118,"text":611},{"id":686,"depth":118,"text":687},{"id":778,"depth":72,"text":779,"children":1980},[1981],{"id":860,"depth":118,"text":1982},"Do not use {}",{"id":948,"depth":72,"text":949},{"id":1080,"depth":72,"text":1081},{"id":1270,"depth":72,"text":1271,"children":1986},[1987,1988,1989,1990],{"id":1274,"depth":118,"text":1275},{"id":1317,"depth":118,"text":1318},{"id":1389,"depth":118,"text":687},{"id":1425,"depth":118,"text":1426},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455,"children":1992},[1993,1995,1996,1997,1998],{"id":1461,"depth":118,"text":1994},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":1527,"depth":118,"text":1528},{"id":1580,"depth":118,"text":1581},{"id":1624,"depth":118,"text":1625},{"id":1651,"depth":118,"text":1652},{"id":1752,"depth":72,"text":1753},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":2001},[2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],{"id":1875,"depth":118,"text":1876},{"id":1889,"depth":118,"text":1890},{"id":1901,"depth":118,"text":1902},{"id":1908,"depth":118,"text":1909},{"id":1915,"depth":118,"text":1916},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set",{"title":5,"description":2008},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",[2016,3613,5318,7012,9144,11340,12859,15036,17238,19698,21536,24102,26201,28483,30429,32339,34335,35775,37601,40126,42287,43516,44886,46534,48854,50698,52679,54373,55626,57318,59069,61037,62787,64887,66247,68198,69761,71752,73545,75445,77887,79965,82605,84634,86597,88785,90789,93100,94782,96227,97409,98580,100255,102695,104399,106414,107938,109183,110346,111728,113799,115696,117470,119336,121455,123195,124657,126251,128174,129851,131786,133275,136059,137636,139195,141223,143175,144638,145827,147713,149124,150820,152374,153796,155199,157097,159491,161322],{"id":2017,"title":2018,"body":2019,"description":3607,"extension":2009,"meta":3608,"navigation":134,"path":3609,"seo":3610,"stem":3611,"__hash__":3612},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2020,"toc":3579},[2021,2024,2031,2034,2045,2048,2052,2115,2117,2137,2142,2146,2151,2154,2170,2173,2199,2202,2206,2209,2225,2228,2255,2258,2318,2320,2335,2345,2356,2360,2363,2416,2418,2438,2441,2465,2472,2476,2481,2487,2489,2524,2526,2535,2542,2560,2563,2575,2579,2584,2588,2591,2612,2614,2672,2674,2682,2685,2689,2721,2723,2731,2734,2738,2743,2791,2793,2801,2805,2865,2867,2875,2878,2880,2884,2887,2910,2919,2934,2985,2987,3002,3013,3017,3020,3048,3054,3058,3063,3104,3106,3117,3120,3163,3165,3173,3177,3182,3204,3206,3215,3224,3228,3233,3255,3257,3327,3329,3376,3379,3382,3385,3465,3467,3498,3500,3504,3507,3511,3514,3518,3521,3525,3537,3541,3544,3546,3576],[10,2022,2018],{"id":2023},"python-abs-function-explained",[14,2025,2026,2027,2030],{},"The ",[33,2028,2029],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,2032,2033],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[246,2035,2036,2039,2042],{},[249,2037,2038],{},"a number without its negative sign",[249,2040,2041],{},"the distance between two numbers",[249,2043,2044],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[14,2046,2047],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[21,2049,2051],{"id":2050},"quick-example","Quick example",[26,2053,2055],{"className":28,"code":2054,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[33,2056,2057,2076,2091],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2058,2059,2061,2063,2066,2068,2071,2074],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2060,142],{"class":141},[36,2062,145],{"class":50},[36,2064,2065],{"class":141},"abs",[36,2067,145],{"class":50},[36,2069,2070],{"class":46},"-",[36,2072,2073],{"class":54},"7",[36,2075,445],{"class":50},[36,2077,2078,2080,2082,2084,2086,2089],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,2079,142],{"class":141},[36,2081,145],{"class":50},[36,2083,2065],{"class":141},[36,2085,145],{"class":50},[36,2087,2088],{"class":54},"3.5",[36,2090,445],{"class":50},[36,2092,2093,2095,2097,2099,2101,2103,2105,2108,2110,2113],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,2094,142],{"class":141},[36,2096,145],{"class":50},[36,2098,2065],{"class":141},[36,2100,145],{"class":50},[36,2102,2070],{"class":46},[36,2104,481],{"class":54},[36,2106,2107],{"class":46},"+",[36,2109,485],{"class":54},[36,2111,2112],{"class":847},"j",[36,2114,445],{"class":50},[14,2116,182],{},[26,2118,2120],{"className":28,"code":2119,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[33,2121,2122,2127,2132],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2123,2124],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2125,2126],{"class":54},"7\n",[36,2128,2129],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,2130,2131],{"class":54},"3.5\n",[36,2133,2134],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,2135,2136],{"class":54},"3.605551275463989\n",[14,2138,495,2139,2141],{},[33,2140,2029],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[21,2143,2145],{"id":2144},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[14,2147,2148,2150],{},[33,2149,2029],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,2152,2153],{},"That means:",[246,2155,2156,2159,2162],{},[249,2157,2158],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[249,2160,2161],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[249,2163,2164,2167,2168],{},[33,2165,2166],{},"0"," stays ",[33,2169,2166],{},[14,2171,2172],{},"Examples:",[246,2174,2175,2184,2192],{},[249,2176,2177,2180,2181],{},[33,2178,2179],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[33,2182,2183],{},"5",[249,2185,2186,2180,2189],{},[33,2187,2188],{},"abs(9)",[33,2190,2191],{},"9",[249,2193,2194,2180,2197],{},[33,2195,2196],{},"abs(0)",[33,2198,2166],{},[14,2200,2201],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[21,2203,2205],{"id":2204},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[14,2207,2208],{},"The syntax is:",[26,2210,2212],{"className":28,"code":2211,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"abs(x)\n",[33,2213,2214],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2215,2216,2218,2220,2223],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2217,2065],{"class":141},[36,2219,145],{"class":50},[36,2221,2222],{"class":148},"x",[36,2224,152],{"class":50},[14,2226,2227],{},"Here:",[246,2229,2230,2247,2252],{},[249,2231,2232,2234,2235,2238,2239,2242,2243,2246],{},[33,2233,2222],{}," is usually an ",[33,2236,2237],{},"int",", ",[33,2240,2241],{},"float",", or ",[33,2244,2245],{},"complex"," number",[249,2248,2249,2251],{},[33,2250,2029],{}," returns a new value",[249,2253,2254],{},"it does not change the original variable",[14,2256,2257],{},"Example:",[26,2259,2261],{"className":28,"code":2260,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[33,2262,2263,2276,2293,2297,2307],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2264,2265,2268,2270,2273],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2266,2267],{"class":42},"number ",[36,2269,47],{"class":46},[36,2271,2272],{"class":46}," -",[36,2274,2275],{"class":54},"12\n",[36,2277,2278,2281,2283,2286,2288,2291],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,2279,2280],{"class":42},"result ",[36,2282,47],{"class":46},[36,2284,2285],{"class":141}," abs",[36,2287,145],{"class":50},[36,2289,2290],{"class":148},"number",[36,2292,152],{"class":50},[36,2294,2295],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,2296,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,2298,2299,2301,2303,2305],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,2300,142],{"class":141},[36,2302,145],{"class":50},[36,2304,2290],{"class":148},[36,2306,152],{"class":50},[36,2308,2309,2311,2313,2316],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,2310,142],{"class":141},[36,2312,145],{"class":50},[36,2314,2315],{"class":148},"result",[36,2317,152],{"class":50},[14,2319,182],{},[26,2321,2323],{"className":28,"code":2322,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"-12\n12\n",[33,2324,2325,2331],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2326,2327,2329],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2328,2070],{"class":46},[36,2330,2275],{"class":54},[36,2332,2333],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,2334,2275],{"class":54},[14,2336,2337,2338,2340,2341,2344],{},"Notice that ",[33,2339,2290],{}," is still ",[33,2342,2343],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[14,2346,2347,2348,2355],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[294,2349,2351,2354],{"href":2350},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[33,2352,2353],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[21,2357,2359],{"id":2358},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[14,2361,2362],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[26,2364,2366],{"className":28,"code":2365,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[33,2367,2368,2384,2399],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2369,2370,2372,2374,2376,2378,2380,2382],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2371,142],{"class":141},[36,2373,145],{"class":50},[36,2375,2065],{"class":141},[36,2377,145],{"class":50},[36,2379,2070],{"class":46},[36,2381,631],{"class":54},[36,2383,445],{"class":50},[36,2385,2386,2388,2390,2392,2394,2397],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,2387,142],{"class":141},[36,2389,145],{"class":50},[36,2391,2065],{"class":141},[36,2393,145],{"class":50},[36,2395,2396],{"class":54},"8",[36,2398,445],{"class":50},[36,2400,2401,2403,2405,2407,2409,2411,2414],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,2402,142],{"class":141},[36,2404,145],{"class":50},[36,2406,2065],{"class":141},[36,2408,145],{"class":50},[36,2410,2070],{"class":46},[36,2412,2413],{"class":54},"4.2",[36,2415,445],{"class":50},[14,2417,182],{},[26,2419,2421],{"className":28,"code":2420,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[33,2422,2423,2428,2433],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2424,2425],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2426,2427],{"class":54},"10\n",[36,2429,2430],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,2431,2432],{"class":54},"8\n",[36,2434,2435],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,2436,2437],{"class":54},"4.2\n",[14,2439,2440],{},"What each line does:",[246,2442,2443,2451,2458],{},[249,2444,2445,2448,2449],{},[33,2446,2447],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[33,2450,631],{},[249,2452,2453,2448,2456],{},[33,2454,2455],{},"abs(8)",[33,2457,2396],{},[249,2459,2460,2448,2463],{},[33,2461,2462],{},"abs(-4.2)",[33,2464,2413],{},[14,2466,2467,2468,303],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[294,2469,2471],{"href":2470},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[21,2473,2475],{"id":2474},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[14,2477,2478,2480],{},[33,2479,2029],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[14,2482,2483,2484,2486],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[33,2485,2166],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[14,2488,2257],{},[26,2490,2492],{"className":28,"code":2491,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[33,2493,2494,2510],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2495,2496,2498,2500,2502,2505,2507],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2497,1478],{"class":42},[36,2499,47],{"class":46},[36,2501,66],{"class":54},[36,2503,2504],{"class":46}," +",[36,2506,559],{"class":54},[36,2508,2509],{"class":847},"j\n",[36,2511,2512,2514,2516,2518,2520,2522],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,2513,142],{"class":141},[36,2515,145],{"class":50},[36,2517,2065],{"class":141},[36,2519,145],{"class":50},[36,2521,1495],{"class":148},[36,2523,445],{"class":50},[14,2525,182],{},[26,2527,2529],{"className":28,"code":2528,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"5.0\n",[33,2530,2531],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2532,2533],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2534,2528],{"class":54},[14,2536,2537,2538,2541],{},"Why ",[33,2539,2540],{},"5.0","?",[246,2543,2544,2549,2555],{},[249,2545,2546,2547],{},"the real part is ",[33,2548,485],{},[249,2550,2551,2552],{},"the imaginary part is ",[33,2553,2554],{},"4",[249,2556,2557,2558],{},"the magnitude is ",[33,2559,2540],{},[14,2561,2562],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[246,2564,2565,2572],{},[249,2566,2567,2569,2570],{},[33,2568,2029],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[33,2571,2241],{},[249,2573,2574],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[21,2576,2578],{"id":2577},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[14,2580,2581,2582,303],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[33,2583,2029],{},[376,2585,2587],{"id":2586},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[14,2589,2590],{},"A very common pattern is:",[26,2592,2594],{"className":28,"code":2593,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"abs(a - b)\n",[33,2595,2596],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2597,2598,2600,2602,2605,2607,2610],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2599,2065],{"class":141},[36,2601,145],{"class":50},[36,2603,2604],{"class":148},"a ",[36,2606,2070],{"class":46},[36,2608,2609],{"class":148}," b",[36,2611,152],{"class":50},[14,2613,2257],{},[26,2615,2617],{"className":28,"code":2616,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[33,2618,2619,2628,2638,2642,2661],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2620,2621,2623,2625],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2622,2604],{"class":42},[36,2624,47],{"class":46},[36,2626,2627],{"class":54}," 3\n",[36,2629,2630,2633,2635],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,2631,2632],{"class":42},"b ",[36,2634,47],{"class":46},[36,2636,2637],{"class":54}," 10\n",[36,2639,2640],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,2641,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,2643,2644,2647,2649,2651,2653,2655,2657,2659],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,2645,2646],{"class":42},"distance ",[36,2648,47],{"class":46},[36,2650,2285],{"class":141},[36,2652,145],{"class":50},[36,2654,2604],{"class":148},[36,2656,2070],{"class":46},[36,2658,2609],{"class":148},[36,2660,152],{"class":50},[36,2662,2663,2665,2667,2670],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,2664,142],{"class":141},[36,2666,145],{"class":50},[36,2668,2669],{"class":148},"distance",[36,2671,152],{"class":50},[14,2673,182],{},[26,2675,2676],{"className":28,"code":2126,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,2677,2678],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2679,2680],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2681,2126],{"class":54},[14,2683,2684],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[376,2686,2688],{"id":2687},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[26,2690,2692],{"className":28,"code":2691,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[33,2693,2694,2706],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2695,2696,2699,2701,2703],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2697,2698],{"class":42},"temperature_change ",[36,2700,47],{"class":46},[36,2702,2272],{"class":46},[36,2704,2705],{"class":54},"6\n",[36,2707,2708,2710,2712,2714,2716,2719],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,2709,142],{"class":141},[36,2711,145],{"class":50},[36,2713,2065],{"class":141},[36,2715,145],{"class":50},[36,2717,2718],{"class":148},"temperature_change",[36,2720,445],{"class":50},[14,2722,182],{},[26,2724,2725],{"className":28,"code":2705,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,2726,2727],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2728,2729],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2730,2705],{"class":54},[14,2732,2733],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[376,2735,2737],{"id":2736},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[14,2739,2740,2741,2355],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[33,2742,2029],{},[26,2744,2746],{"className":28,"code":2745,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[33,2747,2748,2760,2776,2780],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2749,2750,2753,2755,2757],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2751,2752],{"class":42},"balance_change ",[36,2754,47],{"class":46},[36,2756,2272],{"class":46},[36,2758,2759],{"class":54},"25\n",[36,2761,2762,2765,2767,2769,2771,2774],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,2763,2764],{"class":42},"safe_value ",[36,2766,47],{"class":46},[36,2768,2285],{"class":141},[36,2770,145],{"class":50},[36,2772,2773],{"class":148},"balance_change",[36,2775,152],{"class":50},[36,2777,2778],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,2779,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,2781,2782,2784,2786,2789],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,2783,142],{"class":141},[36,2785,145],{"class":50},[36,2787,2788],{"class":148},"safe_value",[36,2790,152],{"class":50},[14,2792,182],{},[26,2794,2795],{"className":28,"code":2759,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,2796,2797],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2798,2799],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2800,2759],{"class":54},[376,2802,2804],{"id":2803},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[26,2806,2808],{"className":28,"code":2807,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[33,2809,2810,2820,2830,2834,2854],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2811,2812,2815,2817],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2813,2814],{"class":42},"guess ",[36,2816,47],{"class":46},[36,2818,2819],{"class":54}," 42\n",[36,2821,2822,2825,2827],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,2823,2824],{"class":42},"target ",[36,2826,47],{"class":46},[36,2828,2829],{"class":54}," 50\n",[36,2831,2832],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,2833,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,2835,2836,2839,2841,2843,2845,2847,2849,2852],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,2837,2838],{"class":42},"difference ",[36,2840,47],{"class":46},[36,2842,2285],{"class":141},[36,2844,145],{"class":50},[36,2846,2814],{"class":148},[36,2848,2070],{"class":46},[36,2850,2851],{"class":148}," target",[36,2853,152],{"class":50},[36,2855,2856,2858,2860,2863],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,2857,142],{"class":141},[36,2859,145],{"class":50},[36,2861,2862],{"class":148},"difference",[36,2864,152],{"class":50},[14,2866,182],{},[26,2868,2869],{"className":28,"code":2432,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,2870,2871],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2872,2873],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2874,2432],{"class":54},[14,2876,2877],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[21,2879,1455],{"id":1454},[376,2881,2883],{"id":2882},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[14,2885,2886],{},"This causes an error:",[26,2888,2890],{"className":28,"code":2889,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[33,2891,2892],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2893,2894,2896,2898,2900,2902,2904,2906,2908],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2895,142],{"class":141},[36,2897,145],{"class":50},[36,2899,2065],{"class":141},[36,2901,145],{"class":50},[36,2903,88],{"class":87},[36,2905,2183],{"class":91},[36,2907,88],{"class":87},[36,2909,445],{"class":50},[14,2911,2912,2915,2916,2918],{},[33,2913,2914],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[33,2917,2029],{}," needs a numeric value.",[14,2920,2921,2922,298,2928,1213],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[294,2923,2925],{"href":2924},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[33,2926,2927],{},"int()",[294,2929,2931],{"href":2930},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[33,2932,2933],{},"float()",[26,2935,2937],{"className":28,"code":2936,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[33,2938,2939,2962],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2940,2941,2943,2945,2947,2949,2951,2953,2955,2957,2959],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2942,142],{"class":141},[36,2944,145],{"class":50},[36,2946,2065],{"class":141},[36,2948,145],{"class":50},[36,2950,2237],{"class":80},[36,2952,145],{"class":50},[36,2954,88],{"class":87},[36,2956,2183],{"class":91},[36,2958,88],{"class":87},[36,2960,2961],{"class":50},")))\n",[36,2963,2964,2966,2968,2970,2972,2974,2976,2978,2981,2983],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,2965,142],{"class":141},[36,2967,145],{"class":50},[36,2969,2065],{"class":141},[36,2971,145],{"class":50},[36,2973,2241],{"class":80},[36,2975,145],{"class":50},[36,2977,88],{"class":87},[36,2979,2980],{"class":91},"-3.2",[36,2982,88],{"class":87},[36,2984,2961],{"class":50},[14,2986,182],{},[26,2988,2990],{"className":28,"code":2989,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"5\n3.2\n",[33,2991,2992,2997],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2993,2994],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2995,2996],{"class":54},"5\n",[36,2998,2999],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,3000,3001],{"class":54},"3.2\n",[14,3003,3004,3005,3008,3009,303],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[33,3006,3007],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[294,3010,3012],{"href":3011},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[376,3014,3016],{"id":3015},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[14,3018,3019],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[26,3021,3023],{"className":28,"code":3022,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[33,3024,3025],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,3026,3027,3029,3031,3033,3035,3037,3039,3041,3043,3045],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,3028,142],{"class":141},[36,3030,145],{"class":50},[36,3032,2065],{"class":141},[36,3034,84],{"class":50},[36,3036,55],{"class":54},[36,3038,58],{"class":50},[36,3040,61],{"class":54},[36,3042,58],{"class":50},[36,3044,66],{"class":54},[36,3046,3047],{"class":50},"]))\n",[14,3049,3050,3051,3053],{},"This raises a ",[33,3052,1210],{}," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[376,3055,3057],{"id":3056},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[14,3059,3060,3062],{},[33,3061,2029],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[26,3064,3066],{"className":28,"code":3065,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[33,3067,3068,3080,3090,3094],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,3069,3070,3073,3075,3077],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,3071,3072],{"class":42},"x ",[36,3074,47],{"class":46},[36,3076,2272],{"class":46},[36,3078,3079],{"class":54},"9\n",[36,3081,3082,3084,3086,3088],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,3083,2065],{"class":141},[36,3085,145],{"class":50},[36,3087,2222],{"class":148},[36,3089,152],{"class":50},[36,3091,3092],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,3093,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,3095,3096,3098,3100,3102],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,3097,142],{"class":141},[36,3099,145],{"class":50},[36,3101,2222],{"class":148},[36,3103,152],{"class":50},[14,3105,182],{},[26,3107,3109],{"className":28,"code":3108,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"-9\n",[33,3110,3111],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,3112,3113,3115],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,3114,2070],{"class":46},[36,3116,3079],{"class":54},[14,3118,3119],{},"If you want to store the result:",[26,3121,3123],{"className":28,"code":3122,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[33,3124,3125,3135,3149,3153],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,3126,3127,3129,3131,3133],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,3128,3072],{"class":42},[36,3130,47],{"class":46},[36,3132,2272],{"class":46},[36,3134,3079],{"class":54},[36,3136,3137,3139,3141,3143,3145,3147],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,3138,3072],{"class":42},[36,3140,47],{"class":46},[36,3142,2285],{"class":141},[36,3144,145],{"class":50},[36,3146,2222],{"class":148},[36,3148,152],{"class":50},[36,3150,3151],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,3152,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,3154,3155,3157,3159,3161],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,3156,142],{"class":141},[36,3158,145],{"class":50},[36,3160,2222],{"class":148},[36,3162,152],{"class":50},[14,3164,182],{},[26,3166,3167],{"className":28,"code":3079,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,3168,3169],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,3170,3171],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,3172,3079],{"class":54},[376,3174,3176],{"id":3175},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[14,3178,3179,3181],{},[33,3180,2029],{}," does not round numbers.",[26,3183,3185],{"className":28,"code":3184,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[33,3186,3187],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,3188,3189,3191,3193,3195,3197,3199,3202],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,3190,142],{"class":141},[36,3192,145],{"class":50},[36,3194,2065],{"class":141},[36,3196,145],{"class":50},[36,3198,2070],{"class":46},[36,3200,3201],{"class":54},"4.7",[36,3203,445],{"class":50},[14,3205,182],{},[26,3207,3209],{"className":28,"code":3208,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"4.7\n",[33,3210,3211],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,3212,3213],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,3214,3208],{"class":54},[14,3216,3217,3218,3220,3221,3223],{},"If you expected ",[33,3219,2183],{},", that is a different operation. ",[33,3222,2029],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[21,3225,3227],{"id":3226},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[14,3229,3230,3232],{},[33,3231,2029],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[246,3234,3235,3242,3249],{},[249,3236,3237,3239,3240],{},[33,3238,2237],{}," input → returns an ",[33,3241,2237],{},[249,3243,3244,3246,3247],{},[33,3245,2241],{}," input → returns a ",[33,3248,2241],{},[249,3250,3251,3246,3253],{},[33,3252,2245],{},[33,3254,2241],{},[14,3256,2257],{},[26,3258,3260],{"className":28,"code":3259,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[33,3261,3262,3282,3303],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,3263,3264,3266,3268,3270,3272,3274,3276,3278,3280],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,3265,142],{"class":141},[36,3267,145],{"class":50},[36,3269,818],{"class":80},[36,3271,145],{"class":50},[36,3273,2065],{"class":141},[36,3275,145],{"class":50},[36,3277,2070],{"class":46},[36,3279,2183],{"class":54},[36,3281,2961],{"class":50},[36,3283,3284,3286,3288,3290,3292,3294,3296,3298,3301],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,3285,142],{"class":141},[36,3287,145],{"class":50},[36,3289,818],{"class":80},[36,3291,145],{"class":50},[36,3293,2065],{"class":141},[36,3295,145],{"class":50},[36,3297,2070],{"class":46},[36,3299,3300],{"class":54},"3.2",[36,3302,2961],{"class":50},[36,3304,3305,3307,3309,3311,3313,3315,3317,3319,3321,3323,3325],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,3306,142],{"class":141},[36,3308,145],{"class":50},[36,3310,818],{"class":80},[36,3312,145],{"class":50},[36,3314,2065],{"class":141},[36,3316,145],{"class":50},[36,3318,485],{"class":54},[36,3320,2504],{"class":46},[36,3322,559],{"class":54},[36,3324,2112],{"class":847},[36,3326,2961],{"class":50},[14,3328,182],{},[26,3330,3332],{"className":28,"code":3331,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[33,3333,3334,3348,3362],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,3335,3336,3338,3340,3342,3344,3346],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,3337,844],{"class":46},[36,3339,848],{"class":847},[36,3341,220],{"class":87},[36,3343,2237],{"class":91},[36,3345,211],{"class":87},[36,3347,857],{"class":46},[36,3349,3350,3352,3354,3356,3358,3360],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,3351,844],{"class":46},[36,3353,848],{"class":847},[36,3355,220],{"class":87},[36,3357,2241],{"class":91},[36,3359,211],{"class":87},[36,3361,857],{"class":46},[36,3363,3364,3366,3368,3370,3372,3374],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,3365,844],{"class":46},[36,3367,848],{"class":847},[36,3369,220],{"class":87},[36,3371,2241],{"class":91},[36,3373,211],{"class":87},[36,3375,857],{"class":46},[14,3377,3378],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[14,3380,3381],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[14,3383,3384],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[26,3386,3388],{"className":28,"code":3387,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[33,3389,3390,3404,3414,3428,3432,3446],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,3391,3392,3394,3396,3398,3401],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,3393,1478],{"class":42},[36,3395,47],{"class":46},[36,3397,99],{"class":87},[36,3399,3400],{"class":91},"-5",[36,3402,3403],{"class":87},"\"\n",[36,3405,3406,3408,3410,3412],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,3407,142],{"class":141},[36,3409,145],{"class":50},[36,3411,1495],{"class":148},[36,3413,152],{"class":50},[36,3415,3416,3418,3420,3422,3424,3426],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,3417,142],{"class":141},[36,3419,145],{"class":50},[36,3421,818],{"class":80},[36,3423,145],{"class":50},[36,3425,1495],{"class":148},[36,3427,445],{"class":50},[36,3429,3430],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,3431,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,3433,3434,3437,3439,3441,3444],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,3435,3436],{"class":42},"user_input ",[36,3438,47],{"class":46},[36,3440,99],{"class":87},[36,3442,3443],{"class":91},"-3.7",[36,3445,3403],{"class":87},[36,3447,3448,3450,3452,3454,3456,3458,3460,3463],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,3449,142],{"class":141},[36,3451,145],{"class":50},[36,3453,2065],{"class":141},[36,3455,145],{"class":50},[36,3457,2241],{"class":80},[36,3459,145],{"class":50},[36,3461,3462],{"class":148},"user_input",[36,3464,2961],{"class":50},[14,3466,182],{},[26,3468,3470],{"className":28,"code":3469,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[33,3471,3472,3478,3493],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,3473,3474,3476],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,3475,2070],{"class":46},[36,3477,2996],{"class":54},[36,3479,3480,3482,3484,3486,3489,3491],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,3481,844],{"class":46},[36,3483,848],{"class":847},[36,3485,220],{"class":87},[36,3487,3488],{"class":91},"str",[36,3490,211],{"class":87},[36,3492,857],{"class":46},[36,3494,3495],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,3496,3497],{"class":54},"3.7\n",[21,3499,1872],{"id":1871},[376,3501,3503],{"id":3502},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[14,3505,3506],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[376,3508,3510],{"id":3509},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[14,3512,3513],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[376,3515,3517],{"id":3516},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[14,3519,3520],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[376,3522,3524],{"id":3523},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[14,3526,3527,3529,3530,298,3532,3534,3535,303],{},[33,3528,3007],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[33,3531,2927],{},[33,3533,2933],{}," before using ",[33,3536,2029],{},[376,3538,3540],{"id":3539},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[14,3542,3543],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[21,3545,1923],{"id":1922},[246,3547,3548,3555,3561,3567,3572],{},[249,3549,3550],{},[294,3551,3552,3554],{"href":2924},[33,3553,2927],{}," function explained",[249,3556,3557],{},[294,3558,3559,3554],{"href":2930},[33,3560,2933],{},[249,3562,3563],{},[294,3564,3565,3554],{"href":2350},[33,3566,2353],{},[249,3568,3569],{},[294,3570,3571],{"href":3011},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[249,3573,3574],{},[294,3575,2471],{"href":2470},[1962,3577,3578],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":3580},[3581,3582,3583,3584,3585,3586,3592,3598,3599,3606],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":2144,"depth":72,"text":2145},{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":2358,"depth":72,"text":2359},{"id":2474,"depth":72,"text":2475},{"id":2577,"depth":72,"text":2578,"children":3587},[3588,3589,3590,3591],{"id":2586,"depth":118,"text":2587},{"id":2687,"depth":118,"text":2688},{"id":2736,"depth":118,"text":2737},{"id":2803,"depth":118,"text":2804},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455,"children":3593},[3594,3595,3596,3597],{"id":2882,"depth":118,"text":2883},{"id":3015,"depth":118,"text":3016},{"id":3056,"depth":118,"text":3057},{"id":3175,"depth":118,"text":3176},{"id":3226,"depth":72,"text":3227},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":3600},[3601,3602,3603,3604,3605],{"id":3502,"depth":118,"text":3503},{"id":3509,"depth":118,"text":3510},{"id":3516,"depth":118,"text":3517},{"id":3523,"depth":118,"text":3524},{"id":3539,"depth":118,"text":3540},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2018,"description":3607},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3614,"title":3615,"body":3616,"description":5312,"extension":2009,"meta":5313,"navigation":134,"path":5314,"seo":5315,"stem":5316,"__hash__":5317},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3617,"toc":5276},[3618,3625,3631,3634,3651,3653,3707,3717,3724,3728,3747,3750,3767,3770,3774,3782,3799,3802,3840,3843,3850,3856,3930,3932,3963,3969,3973,3977,4016,4018,4027,4034,4038,4077,4079,4088,4098,4102,4154,4156,4164,4167,4170,4217,4219,4227,4233,4240,4245,4248,4251,4318,4320,4328,4331,4398,4400,4408,4422,4425,4436,4440,4446,4449,4451,4467,4469,4477,4480,4483,4486,4503,4506,4509,4539,4541,4554,4558,4562,4565,4580,4585,4588,4615,4622,4625,4665,4671,4677,4685,4688,4740,4747,4811,4816,4825,4828,4846,4852,4855,4997,5003,5008,5011,5022,5025,5081,5083,5091,5094,5153,5155,5163,5166,5177,5179,5186,5195,5204,5207,5214,5217,5226,5239,5241,5273],[10,3619,1935,3621,3624],{"id":3620},"python-all-function-explained",[33,3622,3623],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[14,3626,3627,3628,3630],{},"Python’s ",[33,3629,3623],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[14,3632,3633],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[246,3635,3636,3639,3642],{},[249,3637,3638],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[249,3640,3641],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[249,3643,3644,2448,3647,3650],{},[33,3645,3646],{},"all([])",[33,3648,3649],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[21,3652,24],{"id":23},[26,3654,3656],{"className":28,"code":3655,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[33,3657,3658,3678,3693],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,3659,3660,3662,3664,3666,3668,3670,3672,3674,3676],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,3661,43],{"class":42},[36,3663,47],{"class":46},[36,3665,1333],{"class":50},[36,3667,55],{"class":54},[36,3669,58],{"class":50},[36,3671,61],{"class":54},[36,3673,58],{"class":50},[36,3675,66],{"class":54},[36,3677,1355],{"class":50},[36,3679,3680,3682,3684,3687,3689,3691],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,3681,2280],{"class":42},[36,3683,47],{"class":46},[36,3685,3686],{"class":141}," all",[36,3688,145],{"class":50},[36,3690,149],{"class":148},[36,3692,152],{"class":50},[36,3694,3695,3697,3699,3701,3704],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,3696,142],{"class":141},[36,3698,145],{"class":50},[36,3700,2315],{"class":148},[36,3702,3703],{"class":50},")",[36,3705,3706],{"class":1617},"  # True\n",[14,3708,3709,2448,3711,3713,3714,303],{},[33,3710,3623],{},[33,3712,3649],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[33,3715,3716],{},"False",[21,3718,3720,3721,3723],{"id":3719},"what-all-does","What ",[33,3722,3623],{}," does",[14,3725,3726,1213],{},[33,3727,3623],{},[246,3729,3730,3733,3739,3744],{},[249,3731,3732],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[249,3734,3735,3736,3738],{},"returns ",[33,3737,3649],{}," if all items are truthy",[249,3740,3735,3741,3743],{},[33,3742,3716],{}," if any item is falsy",[249,3745,3746],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[14,3748,3749],{},"Basic syntax:",[26,3751,3753],{"className":28,"code":3752,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"all(iterable)\n",[33,3754,3755],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,3756,3757,3760,3762,3765],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,3758,3759],{"class":141},"all",[36,3761,145],{"class":50},[36,3763,3764],{"class":148},"iterable",[36,3766,152],{"class":50},[14,3768,3769],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[21,3771,3773],{"id":3772},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[14,3775,3776,3777,298,3779,3781],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[33,3778,3649],{},[33,3780,3716],{}," in conditions.",[246,3783,3784,3792],{},[249,3785,3786,3789,3790],{},[180,3787,3788],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[33,3791,3649],{},[249,3793,3794,3789,3797],{},[180,3795,3796],{},"Falsy",[33,3798,3716],{},[14,3800,3801],{},"Common falsy values include:",[246,3803,3804,3808,3813,3818,3823,3827,3832,3836],{},[249,3805,3806],{},[33,3807,2166],{},[249,3809,3810],{},[33,3811,3812],{},"0.0",[249,3814,3815],{},[33,3816,3817],{},"''",[249,3819,3820],{},[33,3821,3822],{},"None",[249,3824,3825],{},[33,3826,3716],{},[249,3828,3829],{},[33,3830,3831],{},"[]",[249,3833,3834],{},[33,3835,864],{},[249,3837,3838],{},[33,3839,239],{},[14,3841,3842],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[14,3844,3845,3846,303],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[294,3847,3849],{"href":3848},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[14,3851,3852,3853,1213],{},"You can test this with ",[33,3854,3855],{},"bool()",[26,3857,3859],{"className":28,"code":3858,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[33,3860,3861,3896,3900],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,3862,3863,3865,3867,3869,3871,3873,3876,3878,3881,3883,3885,3887,3889,3891,3894],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,3864,621],{"class":42},[36,3866,47],{"class":46},[36,3868,1333],{"class":50},[36,3870,55],{"class":54},[36,3872,58],{"class":50},[36,3874,3875],{"class":54}," 0",[36,3877,58],{"class":50},[36,3879,3880],{"class":87}," ''",[36,3882,58],{"class":50},[36,3884,220],{"class":87},[36,3886,708],{"class":91},[36,3888,211],{"class":87},[36,3890,58],{"class":50},[36,3892,3893],{"class":1143}," None",[36,3895,1355],{"class":50},[36,3897,3898],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,3899,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,3901,3902,3904,3906,3909,3911,3913,3915,3919,3922,3925,3928],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,3903,142],{"class":141},[36,3905,84],{"class":50},[36,3907,3908],{"class":80},"bool",[36,3910,145],{"class":50},[36,3912,2222],{"class":148},[36,3914,3703],{"class":50},[36,3916,3918],{"class":3917},"sVHd0"," for",[36,3920,3921],{"class":148}," x ",[36,3923,3924],{"class":3917},"in",[36,3926,3927],{"class":148}," values",[36,3929,115],{"class":50},[14,3931,182],{},[26,3933,3935],{"className":28,"code":3934,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[33,3936,3937],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,3938,3939,3942,3944,3946,3949,3951,3953,3955,3957,3959,3961],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,3940,3941],{"class":50},"[",[36,3943,3649],{"class":1143},[36,3945,58],{"class":50},[36,3947,3948],{"class":1143}," False",[36,3950,58],{"class":50},[36,3952,3948],{"class":1143},[36,3954,58],{"class":50},[36,3956,1144],{"class":1143},[36,3958,58],{"class":50},[36,3960,3948],{"class":1143},[36,3962,1355],{"class":50},[14,3964,3965,3966,3968],{},"This matters because ",[33,3967,3623],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[21,3970,3972],{"id":3971},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[376,3974,3976],{"id":3975},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[26,3978,3980],{"className":28,"code":3979,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[33,3981,3982,4002],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,3983,3984,3986,3988,3990,3992,3994,3996,3998,4000],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,3985,43],{"class":42},[36,3987,47],{"class":46},[36,3989,1333],{"class":50},[36,3991,55],{"class":54},[36,3993,58],{"class":50},[36,3995,61],{"class":54},[36,3997,58],{"class":50},[36,3999,66],{"class":54},[36,4001,1355],{"class":50},[36,4003,4004,4006,4008,4010,4012,4014],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,4005,142],{"class":141},[36,4007,145],{"class":50},[36,4009,3759],{"class":141},[36,4011,145],{"class":50},[36,4013,149],{"class":148},[36,4015,445],{"class":50},[14,4017,182],{},[26,4019,4021],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"True\n",[33,4022,4023],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,4024,4025],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,4026,4020],{"class":1143},[14,4028,4029,4030,2448,4032,303],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[33,4031,3623],{},[33,4033,3649],{},[376,4035,4037],{"id":4036},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[26,4039,4041],{"className":28,"code":4040,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[33,4042,4043,4063],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,4044,4045,4047,4049,4051,4053,4055,4057,4059,4061],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,4046,43],{"class":42},[36,4048,47],{"class":46},[36,4050,1333],{"class":50},[36,4052,55],{"class":54},[36,4054,58],{"class":50},[36,4056,3875],{"class":54},[36,4058,58],{"class":50},[36,4060,66],{"class":54},[36,4062,1355],{"class":50},[36,4064,4065,4067,4069,4071,4073,4075],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,4066,142],{"class":141},[36,4068,145],{"class":50},[36,4070,3759],{"class":141},[36,4072,145],{"class":50},[36,4074,149],{"class":148},[36,4076,445],{"class":50},[14,4078,182],{},[26,4080,4082],{"className":28,"code":4081,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"False\n",[33,4083,4084],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,4085,4086],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,4087,4081],{"class":1143},[14,4089,4090,4091,4093,4094,2448,4096,303],{},"The value ",[33,4092,2166],{}," is falsy, so ",[33,4095,3623],{},[33,4097,3716],{},[376,4099,4101],{"id":4100},"example-strings","Example: strings",[26,4103,4105],{"className":28,"code":4104,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[33,4106,4107,4140],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,4108,4109,4111,4113,4115,4117,4119,4121,4123,4125,4127,4129,4131,4133,4136,4138],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,4110,75],{"class":42},[36,4112,47],{"class":46},[36,4114,1333],{"class":50},[36,4116,211],{"class":87},[36,4118,92],{"class":91},[36,4120,211],{"class":87},[36,4122,58],{"class":50},[36,4124,220],{"class":87},[36,4126,102],{"class":91},[36,4128,211],{"class":87},[36,4130,58],{"class":50},[36,4132,220],{"class":87},[36,4134,4135],{"class":91},"cherry",[36,4137,211],{"class":87},[36,4139,1355],{"class":50},[36,4141,4142,4144,4146,4148,4150,4152],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,4143,142],{"class":141},[36,4145,145],{"class":50},[36,4147,3759],{"class":141},[36,4149,145],{"class":50},[36,4151,162],{"class":148},[36,4153,445],{"class":50},[14,4155,182],{},[26,4157,4158],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,4159,4160],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,4161,4162],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,4163,4020],{"class":1143},[14,4165,4166],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[14,4168,4169],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[26,4171,4173],{"className":28,"code":4172,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[33,4174,4175,4203],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,4176,4177,4179,4181,4183,4185,4187,4189,4191,4193,4195,4197,4199,4201],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,4178,75],{"class":42},[36,4180,47],{"class":46},[36,4182,1333],{"class":50},[36,4184,211],{"class":87},[36,4186,92],{"class":91},[36,4188,211],{"class":87},[36,4190,58],{"class":50},[36,4192,3880],{"class":87},[36,4194,58],{"class":50},[36,4196,220],{"class":87},[36,4198,4135],{"class":91},[36,4200,211],{"class":87},[36,4202,1355],{"class":50},[36,4204,4205,4207,4209,4211,4213,4215],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,4206,142],{"class":141},[36,4208,145],{"class":50},[36,4210,3759],{"class":141},[36,4212,145],{"class":50},[36,4214,162],{"class":148},[36,4216,445],{"class":50},[14,4218,182],{},[26,4220,4221],{"className":28,"code":4081,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,4222,4223],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,4224,4225],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,4226,4081],{"class":1143},[14,4228,4229,4230,4232],{},"The empty string ",[33,4231,3817],{}," is falsy.",[21,4234,4236,4237,4239],{"id":4235},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[33,4238,3623],{}," works with conditions",[14,4241,4242,4244],{},[33,4243,3623],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[14,4246,4247],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[14,4249,4250],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[26,4252,4254],{"className":28,"code":4253,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,4255,4256,4276,4304,4308],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,4257,4258,4260,4262,4264,4266,4268,4270,4272,4274],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,4259,43],{"class":42},[36,4261,47],{"class":46},[36,4263,1333],{"class":50},[36,4265,55],{"class":54},[36,4267,58],{"class":50},[36,4269,61],{"class":54},[36,4271,58],{"class":50},[36,4273,66],{"class":54},[36,4275,1355],{"class":50},[36,4277,4278,4280,4282,4284,4286,4288,4291,4293,4295,4297,4299,4302],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,4279,2280],{"class":42},[36,4281,47],{"class":46},[36,4283,3686],{"class":141},[36,4285,145],{"class":50},[36,4287,3072],{"class":148},[36,4289,4290],{"class":46},">",[36,4292,3875],{"class":54},[36,4294,3918],{"class":3917},[36,4296,3921],{"class":148},[36,4298,3924],{"class":3917},[36,4300,4301],{"class":148}," numbers",[36,4303,152],{"class":50},[36,4305,4306],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,4307,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,4309,4310,4312,4314,4316],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,4311,142],{"class":141},[36,4313,145],{"class":50},[36,4315,2315],{"class":148},[36,4317,152],{"class":50},[14,4319,182],{},[26,4321,4322],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,4323,4324],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,4325,4326],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,4327,4020],{"class":1143},[14,4329,4330],{},"Here is one that fails:",[26,4332,4334],{"className":28,"code":4333,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,4335,4336,4358,4384,4388],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,4337,4338,4340,4342,4344,4346,4348,4350,4352,4354,4356],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,4339,43],{"class":42},[36,4341,47],{"class":46},[36,4343,1333],{"class":50},[36,4345,55],{"class":54},[36,4347,58],{"class":50},[36,4349,2272],{"class":46},[36,4351,481],{"class":54},[36,4353,58],{"class":50},[36,4355,66],{"class":54},[36,4357,1355],{"class":50},[36,4359,4360,4362,4364,4366,4368,4370,4372,4374,4376,4378,4380,4382],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,4361,2280],{"class":42},[36,4363,47],{"class":46},[36,4365,3686],{"class":141},[36,4367,145],{"class":50},[36,4369,3072],{"class":148},[36,4371,4290],{"class":46},[36,4373,3875],{"class":54},[36,4375,3918],{"class":3917},[36,4377,3921],{"class":148},[36,4379,3924],{"class":3917},[36,4381,4301],{"class":148},[36,4383,152],{"class":50},[36,4385,4386],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,4387,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,4389,4390,4392,4394,4396],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,4391,142],{"class":141},[36,4393,145],{"class":50},[36,4395,2315],{"class":148},[36,4397,152],{"class":50},[14,4399,182],{},[26,4401,4402],{"className":28,"code":4081,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,4403,4404],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,4405,4406],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,4407,4081],{"class":1143},[14,4409,4410,4411,4414,4415,4417,4418,2448,4420,303],{},"The expression ",[33,4412,4413],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[33,4416,3649],{},", then ",[33,4419,3623],{},[33,4421,3649],{},[14,4423,4424],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[14,4426,4427,4428,482,4432,303],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[294,4429,4431],{"href":4430},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[294,4433,4435],{"href":4434},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[21,4437,4439],{"id":4438},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[14,4441,4442,2448,4444,303],{},[33,4443,3646],{},[33,4445,3649],{},[14,4447,4448],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[14,4450,2257],{},[26,4452,4454],{"className":28,"code":4453,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(all([]))\n",[33,4455,4456],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,4457,4458,4460,4462,4464],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,4459,142],{"class":141},[36,4461,145],{"class":50},[36,4463,3759],{"class":141},[36,4465,4466],{"class":50},"([]))\n",[14,4468,182],{},[26,4470,4471],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,4472,4473],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,4474,4475],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,4476,4020],{"class":1143},[14,4478,4479],{},"Why?",[14,4481,4482],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[14,4484,4485],{},"Think of it this way:",[246,4487,4488,4495,4498],{},[249,4489,4490,2448,4492,4494],{},[33,4491,3623],{},[33,4493,3716],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[249,4496,4497],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[249,4499,4500,4501],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[33,4502,3716],{},[14,4504,4505],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[14,4507,4508],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[26,4510,4512],{"className":28,"code":4511,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[33,4513,4514,4525],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,4515,4516,4518,4520,4522],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,4517,142],{"class":141},[36,4519,145],{"class":50},[36,4521,3759],{"class":141},[36,4523,4524],{"class":50},"(()))\n",[36,4526,4527,4529,4531,4533,4535,4537],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,4528,142],{"class":141},[36,4530,145],{"class":50},[36,4532,3759],{"class":141},[36,4534,145],{"class":50},[36,4536,3817],{"class":87},[36,4538,445],{"class":50},[14,4540,182],{},[26,4542,4544],{"className":28,"code":4543,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"True\nTrue\n",[33,4545,4546,4550],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,4547,4548],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,4549,4020],{"class":1143},[36,4551,4552],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,4553,4020],{"class":1143},[21,4555,4557],{"id":4556},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[376,4559,4561],{"id":4560},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[14,4563,4564],{},"This is wrong:",[26,4566,4568],{"className":28,"code":4567,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[33,4569,4570,4575],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,4571,4572],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,4573,4574],{"class":1617},"# Wrong\n",[36,4576,4577],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,4578,4579],{"class":1617},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[14,4581,4582,4584],{},[33,4583,3623],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[14,4586,4587],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[26,4589,4591],{"className":28,"code":4590,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[33,4592,4593],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,4594,4595,4597,4599,4601,4603,4605,4607,4609,4611,4613],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,4596,142],{"class":141},[36,4598,145],{"class":50},[36,4600,3759],{"class":141},[36,4602,84],{"class":50},[36,4604,55],{"class":54},[36,4606,58],{"class":50},[36,4608,61],{"class":54},[36,4610,58],{"class":50},[36,4612,66],{"class":54},[36,4614,3047],{"class":50},[376,4616,4618,4619,4621],{"id":4617},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[33,4620,3623],{}," compares values automatically",[14,4623,4624],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[26,4626,4628],{"className":28,"code":4627,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[33,4629,4630,4651],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,4631,4632,4634,4636,4638,4640,4642,4645,4647,4649],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,4633,43],{"class":42},[36,4635,47],{"class":46},[36,4637,1333],{"class":50},[36,4639,2183],{"class":54},[36,4641,58],{"class":50},[36,4643,4644],{"class":54}," 5",[36,4646,58],{"class":50},[36,4648,4644],{"class":54},[36,4650,1355],{"class":50},[36,4652,4653,4655,4657,4659,4661,4663],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,4654,142],{"class":141},[36,4656,145],{"class":50},[36,4658,3759],{"class":141},[36,4660,145],{"class":50},[36,4662,149],{"class":148},[36,4664,445],{"class":50},[14,4666,4667,4668,4670],{},"This does ",[180,4669,870],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[14,4672,4673,4674,4676],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[33,4675,2183],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[26,4678,4679],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,4680,4681],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,4682,4683],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,4684,4020],{"class":1143},[14,4686,4687],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[26,4689,4691],{"className":28,"code":4690,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[33,4692,4693,4713],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,4694,4695,4697,4699,4701,4703,4705,4707,4709,4711],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,4696,43],{"class":42},[36,4698,47],{"class":46},[36,4700,1333],{"class":50},[36,4702,2183],{"class":54},[36,4704,58],{"class":50},[36,4706,4644],{"class":54},[36,4708,58],{"class":50},[36,4710,4644],{"class":54},[36,4712,1355],{"class":50},[36,4714,4715,4717,4719,4721,4723,4725,4728,4730,4732,4734,4736,4738],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,4716,142],{"class":141},[36,4718,145],{"class":50},[36,4720,3759],{"class":141},[36,4722,145],{"class":50},[36,4724,3072],{"class":148},[36,4726,4727],{"class":46},"==",[36,4729,4644],{"class":54},[36,4731,3918],{"class":3917},[36,4733,3921],{"class":148},[36,4735,3924],{"class":3917},[36,4737,4301],{"class":148},[36,4739,445],{"class":50},[376,4741,4743,4744,4746],{"id":4742},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[33,4745,2166],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[26,4748,4750],{"className":28,"code":4749,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[33,4751,4752,4778],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,4753,4754,4756,4758,4760,4762,4764,4766,4768,4770,4772,4775],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,4755,142],{"class":141},[36,4757,145],{"class":50},[36,4759,3759],{"class":141},[36,4761,84],{"class":50},[36,4763,55],{"class":54},[36,4765,58],{"class":50},[36,4767,61],{"class":54},[36,4769,58],{"class":50},[36,4771,3875],{"class":54},[36,4773,4774],{"class":50},"]))",[36,4776,4777],{"class":1617},"       # False\n",[36,4779,4780,4782,4784,4786,4788,4790,4792,4794,4796,4798,4800,4802,4804,4806,4808],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,4781,142],{"class":141},[36,4783,145],{"class":50},[36,4785,3759],{"class":141},[36,4787,84],{"class":50},[36,4789,211],{"class":87},[36,4791,294],{"class":91},[36,4793,211],{"class":87},[36,4795,58],{"class":50},[36,4797,220],{"class":87},[36,4799,1707],{"class":91},[36,4801,211],{"class":87},[36,4803,58],{"class":50},[36,4805,3880],{"class":87},[36,4807,4774],{"class":50},[36,4809,4810],{"class":1617},"  # False\n",[14,4812,4813,4814,303],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[33,4815,3716],{},[376,4817,4819,4820,4822,4823],{"id":4818},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[33,4821,3646],{}," is ",[33,4824,3649],{},[14,4826,4827],{},"This is expected behavior:",[26,4829,4831],{"className":28,"code":4830,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[33,4832,4833],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,4834,4835,4837,4839,4841,4844],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,4836,142],{"class":141},[36,4838,145],{"class":50},[36,4840,3759],{"class":141},[36,4842,4843],{"class":50},"([]))",[36,4845,3706],{"class":1617},[14,4847,4848,4849,4851],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[33,4850,3649],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[14,4853,4854],{},"Useful quick tests:",[26,4856,4858],{"className":28,"code":4857,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[33,4859,4860,4882,4904,4951,4987],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,4861,4862,4864,4866,4868,4870,4872,4874,4876,4878,4880],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,4863,142],{"class":141},[36,4865,145],{"class":50},[36,4867,3759],{"class":141},[36,4869,84],{"class":50},[36,4871,55],{"class":54},[36,4873,58],{"class":50},[36,4875,61],{"class":54},[36,4877,58],{"class":50},[36,4879,66],{"class":54},[36,4881,3047],{"class":50},[36,4883,4884,4886,4888,4890,4892,4894,4896,4898,4900,4902],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,4885,142],{"class":141},[36,4887,145],{"class":50},[36,4889,3759],{"class":141},[36,4891,84],{"class":50},[36,4893,55],{"class":54},[36,4895,58],{"class":50},[36,4897,3875],{"class":54},[36,4899,58],{"class":50},[36,4901,66],{"class":54},[36,4903,3047],{"class":50},[36,4905,4906,4908,4910,4912,4914,4916,4918,4920,4922,4924,4926,4928,4930,4932,4934,4936,4938,4940,4942,4944,4946,4948],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,4907,142],{"class":141},[36,4909,84],{"class":50},[36,4911,3908],{"class":80},[36,4913,145],{"class":50},[36,4915,2222],{"class":148},[36,4917,3703],{"class":50},[36,4919,3918],{"class":3917},[36,4921,3921],{"class":148},[36,4923,3924],{"class":3917},[36,4925,1333],{"class":50},[36,4927,55],{"class":54},[36,4929,58],{"class":50},[36,4931,3875],{"class":54},[36,4933,58],{"class":50},[36,4935,3880],{"class":87},[36,4937,58],{"class":50},[36,4939,220],{"class":87},[36,4941,708],{"class":91},[36,4943,211],{"class":87},[36,4945,58],{"class":50},[36,4947,3893],{"class":1143},[36,4949,4950],{"class":50},"]])\n",[36,4952,4953,4955,4957,4959,4961,4963,4965,4967,4969,4971,4973,4975,4977,4979,4981,4983,4985],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,4954,142],{"class":141},[36,4956,145],{"class":50},[36,4958,3759],{"class":141},[36,4960,145],{"class":50},[36,4962,3072],{"class":148},[36,4964,4290],{"class":46},[36,4966,3875],{"class":54},[36,4968,3918],{"class":3917},[36,4970,3921],{"class":148},[36,4972,3924],{"class":3917},[36,4974,1333],{"class":50},[36,4976,55],{"class":54},[36,4978,58],{"class":50},[36,4980,61],{"class":54},[36,4982,58],{"class":50},[36,4984,66],{"class":54},[36,4986,3047],{"class":50},[36,4988,4989,4991,4993,4995],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,4990,142],{"class":141},[36,4992,145],{"class":50},[36,4994,3759],{"class":141},[36,4996,4466],{"class":50},[21,4998,5000,5001],{"id":4999},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[33,5002,3623],{},[14,5004,5005,5007],{},[33,5006,3623],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[14,5009,5010],{},"Common use cases:",[246,5012,5013,5016,5019],{},[249,5014,5015],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[249,5017,5018],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[249,5020,5021],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[14,5023,5024],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[26,5026,5028],{"className":28,"code":5027,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[33,5029,5030,5066],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,5031,5032,5035,5037,5039,5041,5044,5046,5048,5050,5053,5055,5057,5059,5062,5064],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,5033,5034],{"class":42},"names ",[36,5036,47],{"class":46},[36,5038,1333],{"class":50},[36,5040,211],{"class":87},[36,5042,5043],{"class":91},"Alice",[36,5045,211],{"class":87},[36,5047,58],{"class":50},[36,5049,220],{"class":87},[36,5051,5052],{"class":91},"Bob",[36,5054,211],{"class":87},[36,5056,58],{"class":50},[36,5058,220],{"class":87},[36,5060,5061],{"class":91},"Charlie",[36,5063,211],{"class":87},[36,5065,1355],{"class":50},[36,5067,5068,5070,5072,5074,5076,5079],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,5069,142],{"class":141},[36,5071,145],{"class":50},[36,5073,3759],{"class":141},[36,5075,145],{"class":50},[36,5077,5078],{"class":148},"names",[36,5080,445],{"class":50},[14,5082,182],{},[26,5084,5085],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,5086,5087],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,5088,5089],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,5090,4020],{"class":1143},[14,5092,5093],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[26,5095,5097],{"className":28,"code":5096,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[33,5098,5099,5123],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,5100,5101,5104,5106,5108,5111,5113,5116,5118,5121],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,5102,5103],{"class":42},"scores ",[36,5105,47],{"class":46},[36,5107,1333],{"class":50},[36,5109,5110],{"class":54},"75",[36,5112,58],{"class":50},[36,5114,5115],{"class":54}," 80",[36,5117,58],{"class":50},[36,5119,5120],{"class":54}," 50",[36,5122,1355],{"class":50},[36,5124,5125,5127,5129,5131,5133,5136,5139,5141,5143,5146,5148,5151],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,5126,142],{"class":141},[36,5128,145],{"class":50},[36,5130,3759],{"class":141},[36,5132,145],{"class":50},[36,5134,5135],{"class":148},"score ",[36,5137,5138],{"class":46},">=",[36,5140,5120],{"class":54},[36,5142,3918],{"class":3917},[36,5144,5145],{"class":148}," score ",[36,5147,3924],{"class":3917},[36,5149,5150],{"class":148}," scores",[36,5152,445],{"class":50},[14,5154,182],{},[26,5156,5157],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,5158,5159],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,5160,5161],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,5162,4020],{"class":1143},[14,5164,5165],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[14,5167,5168,5169,482,5173,303],{},"For related tasks, see ",[294,5170,5172],{"href":5171},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[294,5174,5176],{"href":5175},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[21,5178,1872],{"id":1871},[376,5180,5182,5183,5185],{"id":5181},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[33,5184,3623],{}," return in Python?",[14,5187,5188,5189,5191,5192,5194],{},"It returns ",[33,5190,3649],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[33,5193,3716],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[376,5196,5198,5199,5201,5202,2541],{"id":5197},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[33,5200,3646],{}," return ",[33,5203,3649],{},[14,5205,5206],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[376,5208,5210,5211,5213],{"id":5209},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[33,5212,3623],{}," take multiple values directly?",[14,5215,5216],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[376,5218,5220,5221,482,5223,2541],{"id":5219},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[33,5222,3623],{},[33,5224,5225],{},"any()",[14,5227,5228,5230,5231,5233,5234,303],{},[33,5229,3623],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[33,5232,5225],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[294,5235,1935,5237,3554],{"href":5236},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[33,5238,5225],{},[21,5240,1923],{"id":1922},[246,5242,5243,5249,5253,5258,5263,5268],{},[249,5244,5245],{},[294,5246,1935,5247,3554],{"href":5236},[33,5248,5225],{},[249,5250,5251],{},[294,5252,3849],{"href":3848},[249,5254,5255],{},[294,5256,5257],{"href":5175},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[249,5259,5260],{},[294,5261,5262],{"href":5171},"How to filter a list in Python",[249,5264,5265],{},[294,5266,5267],{"href":4430},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[249,5269,5270],{},[294,5271,5272],{"href":4434},"What is an iterable in Python",[1962,5274,5275],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":5277},[5278,5279,5281,5282,5287,5289,5290,5299,5301,5311],{"id":23,"depth":72,"text":24},{"id":3719,"depth":72,"text":5280},"What all() does",{"id":3772,"depth":72,"text":3773},{"id":3971,"depth":72,"text":3972,"children":5283},[5284,5285,5286],{"id":3975,"depth":118,"text":3976},{"id":4036,"depth":118,"text":4037},{"id":4100,"depth":118,"text":4101},{"id":4235,"depth":72,"text":5288},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4438,"depth":72,"text":4439},{"id":4556,"depth":72,"text":4557,"children":5291},[5292,5293,5295,5297],{"id":4560,"depth":118,"text":4561},{"id":4617,"depth":118,"text":5294},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4742,"depth":118,"text":5296},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4818,"depth":118,"text":5298},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4999,"depth":72,"text":5300},"When to use all()",{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":5302},[5303,5305,5307,5309],{"id":5181,"depth":118,"text":5304},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5197,"depth":118,"text":5306},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5209,"depth":118,"text":5308},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5219,"depth":118,"text":5310},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3615,"description":5312},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5319,"title":5320,"body":5321,"description":7007,"extension":2009,"meta":7008,"navigation":134,"path":5236,"seo":7009,"stem":7010,"__hash__":7011},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5322,"toc":6985},[5323,5326,5334,5337,5354,5362,5405,5414,5418,5423,5426,5443,5446,5457,5469,5473,5476,5491,5496,5498,5510,5513,5596,5599,5620,5626,5628,5636,5650,5652,5686,5688,5691,5752,5754,5771,5774,5801,5803,5811,5823,5827,5830,5869,5871,5879,5881,5897,5905,5908,5951,5953,5961,5966,5970,5978,5981,6008,6011,6014,6088,6090,6098,6105,6129,6140,6143,6222,6224,6232,6239,6243,6248,6263,6265,6273,6276,6282,6285,6330,6332,6349,6353,6358,6369,6372,6486,6489,6548,6554,6556,6561,6565,6567,6586,6592,6595,6614,6618,6627,6654,6656,6664,6671,6675,6681,6704,6706,6714,6721,6725,6728,6779,6782,6833,6836,6838,6842,6849,6853,6860,6864,6872,6876,6879,6901,6903,6953,6955,6982],[10,5324,5320],{"id":5325},"python-any-function-explained",[14,5327,5328,5330,5331,303],{},[33,5329,5225],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[180,5332,5333],{},"at least one item is truthy",[14,5335,5336],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[246,5338,5339,5342,5345,5348,5351],{},[249,5340,5341],{},"lists",[249,5343,5344],{},"tuples",[249,5346,5347],{},"sets",[249,5349,5350],{},"strings",[249,5352,5353],{},"generator expressions",[14,5355,5356,5357,298,5359,5361],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[33,5358,3649],{},[33,5360,3716],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[26,5363,5365],{"className":28,"code":5364,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[33,5366,5367,5387],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,5368,5369,5371,5373,5375,5377,5379,5381,5383,5385],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,5370,621],{"class":42},[36,5372,47],{"class":46},[36,5374,1333],{"class":50},[36,5376,2166],{"class":54},[36,5378,58],{"class":50},[36,5380,3880],{"class":87},[36,5382,58],{"class":50},[36,5384,4644],{"class":54},[36,5386,1355],{"class":50},[36,5388,5389,5391,5393,5396,5398,5400,5403],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,5390,142],{"class":141},[36,5392,145],{"class":50},[36,5394,5395],{"class":141},"any",[36,5397,145],{"class":50},[36,5399,656],{"class":148},[36,5401,5402],{"class":50},"))",[36,5404,3706],{"class":1617},[14,5406,495,5407,5410,5411,5413],{},[33,5408,5409],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[33,5412,3649],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[21,5415,5417],{"id":5416},"what-any-does","What any() does",[14,5419,5420,5422],{},[33,5421,5225],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[14,5424,5425],{},"It returns:",[246,5427,5428,5433,5438],{},[249,5429,5430,5432],{},[33,5431,3649],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[249,5434,5435,5437],{},[33,5436,3716],{}," if all items are falsy",[249,5439,5440,5442],{},[33,5441,3716],{}," if the iterable is empty",[14,5444,5445],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[246,5447,5448,5451,5454],{},[249,5449,5450],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[249,5452,5453],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[249,5455,5456],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[14,5458,5459,5460,5463,5464,303],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[180,5461,5462],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[294,5465,5467],{"href":5466},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[33,5468,3623],{},[21,5470,5472],{"id":5471},"syntax","Syntax",[14,5474,5475],{},"The syntax is simple:",[26,5477,5479],{"className":28,"code":5478,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"any(iterable)\n",[33,5480,5481],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,5482,5483,5485,5487,5489],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,5484,5395],{"class":141},[36,5486,145],{"class":50},[36,5488,3764],{"class":148},[36,5490,152],{"class":50},[14,5492,5493,5494,303],{},"The argument must be an ",[180,5495,3764],{},[14,5497,501],{},[246,5499,5500,5502,5504,5506,5508],{},[249,5501,5341],{},[249,5503,5344],{},[249,5505,5347],{},[249,5507,5350],{},[249,5509,5353],{},[14,5511,5512],{},"For example:",[26,5514,5516],{"className":28,"code":5515,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[33,5517,5518,5540,5558,5578],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,5519,5520,5522,5524,5526,5528,5530,5532,5534,5536,5538],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,5521,142],{"class":141},[36,5523,145],{"class":50},[36,5525,5395],{"class":141},[36,5527,84],{"class":50},[36,5529,2166],{"class":54},[36,5531,58],{"class":50},[36,5533,3875],{"class":54},[36,5535,58],{"class":50},[36,5537,1340],{"class":54},[36,5539,3047],{"class":50},[36,5541,5542,5544,5546,5548,5550,5552,5554,5556],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,5543,142],{"class":141},[36,5545,145],{"class":50},[36,5547,5395],{"class":141},[36,5549,628],{"class":50},[36,5551,3716],{"class":1143},[36,5553,58],{"class":50},[36,5555,3948],{"class":1143},[36,5557,2961],{"class":50},[36,5559,5560,5562,5564,5566,5569,5571,5573,5575],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,5561,142],{"class":141},[36,5563,145],{"class":50},[36,5565,5395],{"class":141},[36,5567,5568],{"class":50},"({",[36,5570,2166],{"class":54},[36,5572,58],{"class":50},[36,5574,61],{"class":54},[36,5576,5577],{"class":50},"}))\n",[36,5579,5580,5582,5584,5586,5588,5590,5592,5594],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,5581,142],{"class":141},[36,5583,145],{"class":50},[36,5585,5395],{"class":141},[36,5587,145],{"class":50},[36,5589,88],{"class":87},[36,5591,708],{"class":91},[36,5593,88],{"class":87},[36,5595,445],{"class":50},[14,5597,5598],{},"Expected output:",[26,5600,5602],{"className":28,"code":5601,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[33,5603,5604,5608,5612,5616],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,5605,5606],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,5607,4020],{"class":1143},[36,5609,5610],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,5611,4081],{"class":1143},[36,5613,5614],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,5615,4020],{"class":1143},[36,5617,5618],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,5619,4020],{"class":1143},[14,5621,5622,5623,303],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[294,5624,5176],{"href":5625},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[21,5627,3773],{"id":3772},[14,5629,3776,5630,298,5633,3781],{},[180,5631,5632],{},"truthy",[180,5634,5635],{},"falsy",[246,5637,5638,5644],{},[249,5639,5640,3789,5642],{},[180,5641,3788],{},[33,5643,3649],{},[249,5645,5646,3789,5648],{},[180,5647,3796],{},[33,5649,3716],{},[14,5651,3801],{},[246,5653,5654,5658,5662,5666,5670,5674,5678,5682],{},[249,5655,5656],{},[33,5657,3716],{},[249,5659,5660],{},[33,5661,2166],{},[249,5663,5664],{},[33,5665,3812],{},[249,5667,5668],{},[33,5669,3817],{},[249,5671,5672],{},[33,5673,3831],{},[249,5675,5676],{},[33,5677,864],{},[249,5679,5680],{},[33,5681,239],{},[249,5683,5684],{},[33,5685,3822],{},[14,5687,3842],{},[14,5689,5690],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[26,5692,5694],{"className":28,"code":5693,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[33,5695,5696,5710,5728],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,5697,5698,5700,5702,5704,5706,5708],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,5699,142],{"class":141},[36,5701,145],{"class":50},[36,5703,5395],{"class":141},[36,5705,84],{"class":50},[36,5707,55],{"class":54},[36,5709,3047],{"class":50},[36,5711,5712,5714,5716,5718,5720,5722,5724,5726],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,5713,142],{"class":141},[36,5715,145],{"class":50},[36,5717,5395],{"class":141},[36,5719,84],{"class":50},[36,5721,211],{"class":87},[36,5723,708],{"class":91},[36,5725,211],{"class":87},[36,5727,3047],{"class":50},[36,5729,5730,5732,5734,5736,5739,5741,5743,5745,5747,5749],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,5731,142],{"class":141},[36,5733,145],{"class":50},[36,5735,5395],{"class":141},[36,5737,5738],{"class":50},"([[",[36,5740,55],{"class":54},[36,5742,58],{"class":50},[36,5744,61],{"class":54},[36,5746,58],{"class":50},[36,5748,66],{"class":54},[36,5750,5751],{"class":50},"]]))\n",[14,5753,5598],{},[26,5755,5757],{"className":28,"code":5756,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[33,5758,5759,5763,5767],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,5760,5761],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,5762,4020],{"class":1143},[36,5764,5765],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,5766,4020],{"class":1143},[36,5768,5769],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,5770,4020],{"class":1143},[14,5772,5773],{},"And these are all falsy:",[26,5775,5777],{"className":28,"code":5776,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[33,5778,5779],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,5780,5781,5783,5785,5787,5789,5791,5793,5795,5797,5799],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,5782,142],{"class":141},[36,5784,145],{"class":50},[36,5786,5395],{"class":141},[36,5788,84],{"class":50},[36,5790,2166],{"class":54},[36,5792,58],{"class":50},[36,5794,3880],{"class":87},[36,5796,58],{"class":50},[36,5798,3893],{"class":1143},[36,5800,3047],{"class":50},[14,5802,5598],{},[26,5804,5805],{"className":28,"code":4081,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,5806,5807],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,5808,5809],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,5810,4081],{"class":1143},[14,5812,5813,5814,482,5817,303],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[294,5815,3849],{"href":5816},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[294,5818,5820,5822],{"href":5819},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[33,5821,3855],{}," explained",[21,5824,5826],{"id":5825},"basic-example","Basic example",[14,5828,5829],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[26,5831,5833],{"className":28,"code":5832,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[33,5834,5835,5855],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,5836,5837,5839,5841,5843,5845,5847,5849,5851,5853],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,5838,621],{"class":42},[36,5840,47],{"class":46},[36,5842,1333],{"class":50},[36,5844,2166],{"class":54},[36,5846,58],{"class":50},[36,5848,3880],{"class":87},[36,5850,58],{"class":50},[36,5852,4644],{"class":54},[36,5854,1355],{"class":50},[36,5856,5857,5859,5861,5863,5865,5867],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,5858,142],{"class":141},[36,5860,145],{"class":50},[36,5862,5395],{"class":141},[36,5864,145],{"class":50},[36,5866,656],{"class":148},[36,5868,445],{"class":50},[14,5870,182],{},[26,5872,5873],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,5874,5875],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,5876,5877],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,5878,4020],{"class":1143},[14,5880,4479],{},[246,5882,5883,5888,5892],{},[249,5884,5885,5887],{},[33,5886,2166],{}," is falsy",[249,5889,5890,5887],{},[33,5891,3817],{},[249,5893,5894,5896],{},[33,5895,2183],{}," is truthy",[14,5898,5899,5900,2448,5903,303],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[33,5901,5902],{},"any(values)",[33,5904,3649],{},[14,5906,5907],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[26,5909,5911],{"className":28,"code":5910,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[33,5912,5913,5937],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,5914,5915,5917,5919,5921,5923,5925,5927,5929,5931,5933,5935],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,5916,621],{"class":42},[36,5918,47],{"class":46},[36,5920,1333],{"class":50},[36,5922,2166],{"class":54},[36,5924,58],{"class":50},[36,5926,3880],{"class":87},[36,5928,58],{"class":50},[36,5930,3893],{"class":1143},[36,5932,58],{"class":50},[36,5934,3948],{"class":1143},[36,5936,1355],{"class":50},[36,5938,5939,5941,5943,5945,5947,5949],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,5940,142],{"class":141},[36,5942,145],{"class":50},[36,5944,5395],{"class":141},[36,5946,145],{"class":50},[36,5948,656],{"class":148},[36,5950,445],{"class":50},[14,5952,182],{},[26,5954,5955],{"className":28,"code":4081,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,5956,5957],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,5958,5959],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,5960,4081],{"class":1143},[14,5962,5963,5964,303],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[33,5965,3716],{},[21,5967,5969],{"id":5968},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[14,5971,5972,5974,5975,303],{},[33,5973,5225],{}," is often used with a ",[180,5976,5977],{},"generator expression",[14,5979,5980],{},"This is a common pattern:",[26,5982,5984],{"className":28,"code":5983,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[33,5985,5986],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,5987,5988,5990,5992,5995,5998,6001,6003,6006],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,5989,5395],{"class":141},[36,5991,145],{"class":50},[36,5993,5994],{"class":148},"condition ",[36,5996,5997],{"class":3917},"for",[36,5999,6000],{"class":148}," item ",[36,6002,3924],{"class":3917},[36,6004,6005],{"class":148}," items",[36,6007,152],{"class":50},[14,6009,6010],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[14,6012,6013],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[26,6015,6017],{"className":28,"code":6016,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[33,6018,6019,6047,6051,6078],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,6020,6021,6023,6025,6027,6029,6031,6034,6036,6038,6040,6042,6045],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,6022,43],{"class":42},[36,6024,47],{"class":46},[36,6026,1333],{"class":50},[36,6028,2554],{"class":54},[36,6030,58],{"class":50},[36,6032,6033],{"class":54}," 7",[36,6035,58],{"class":50},[36,6037,2272],{"class":46},[36,6039,481],{"class":54},[36,6041,58],{"class":50},[36,6043,6044],{"class":54}," 10",[36,6046,1355],{"class":50},[36,6048,6049],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,6050,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,6052,6053,6055,6057,6060,6062,6064,6066,6068,6070,6072,6074,6076],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,6054,2280],{"class":42},[36,6056,47],{"class":46},[36,6058,6059],{"class":141}," any",[36,6061,145],{"class":50},[36,6063,3072],{"class":148},[36,6065,844],{"class":46},[36,6067,3875],{"class":54},[36,6069,3918],{"class":3917},[36,6071,3921],{"class":148},[36,6073,3924],{"class":3917},[36,6075,4301],{"class":148},[36,6077,152],{"class":50},[36,6079,6080,6082,6084,6086],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,6081,142],{"class":141},[36,6083,145],{"class":50},[36,6085,2315],{"class":148},[36,6087,152],{"class":50},[14,6089,182],{},[26,6091,6092],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,6093,6094],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,6095,6096],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,6097,4020],{"class":1143},[14,6099,6100,6101,6104],{},"This works because ",[33,6102,6103],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[246,6106,6107,6115,6122],{},[249,6108,6109,6112,6113],{},[33,6110,6111],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[33,6114,3716],{},[249,6116,6117,6112,6120],{},[33,6118,6119],{},"7 \u003C 0",[33,6121,3716],{},[249,6123,6124,6112,6127],{},[33,6125,6126],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[33,6128,3649],{},[14,6130,6131,6132,6134,6135,6137,6138,303],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[33,6133,3649],{}," result, ",[33,6136,5225],{}," can return ",[33,6139,3649],{},[14,6141,6142],{},"Here is another example:",[26,6144,6146],{"className":28,"code":6145,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[33,6147,6148,6177,6181,6211],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,6149,6150,6152,6154,6156,6158,6160,6162,6164,6167,6169,6171,6173,6175],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,6151,75],{"class":42},[36,6153,47],{"class":46},[36,6155,1333],{"class":50},[36,6157,88],{"class":87},[36,6159,92],{"class":91},[36,6161,88],{"class":87},[36,6163,58],{"class":50},[36,6165,6166],{"class":87}," \"\"",[36,6168,58],{"class":50},[36,6170,99],{"class":87},[36,6172,102],{"class":91},[36,6174,88],{"class":87},[36,6176,1355],{"class":50},[36,6178,6179],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,6180,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,6182,6183,6186,6188,6190,6192,6195,6197,6199,6201,6204,6206,6209],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,6184,6185],{"class":42},"has_empty_string ",[36,6187,47],{"class":46},[36,6189,6059],{"class":141},[36,6191,145],{"class":50},[36,6193,6194],{"class":148},"word ",[36,6196,4727],{"class":46},[36,6198,6166],{"class":87},[36,6200,3918],{"class":3917},[36,6202,6203],{"class":148}," word ",[36,6205,3924],{"class":3917},[36,6207,6208],{"class":148}," words",[36,6210,152],{"class":50},[36,6212,6213,6215,6217,6220],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,6214,142],{"class":141},[36,6216,145],{"class":50},[36,6218,6219],{"class":148},"has_empty_string",[36,6221,152],{"class":50},[14,6223,182],{},[26,6225,6226],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,6227,6228],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,6229,6230],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,6231,4020],{"class":1143},[14,6233,6234,6235,303],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[294,6236,6238],{"href":6237},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[21,6240,6242],{"id":6241},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[14,6244,6245,6246,1213],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[33,6247,3716],{},[26,6249,6251],{"className":28,"code":6250,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(any([]))\n",[33,6252,6253],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,6254,6255,6257,6259,6261],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,6256,142],{"class":141},[36,6258,145],{"class":50},[36,6260,5395],{"class":141},[36,6262,4466],{"class":50},[14,6264,182],{},[26,6266,6267],{"className":28,"code":4081,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,6268,6269],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,6270,6271],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,6272,4081],{"class":1143},[14,6274,6275],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[14,6277,6278,6279,6281],{},"The reason is simple: ",[33,6280,5225],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[14,6283,6284],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[26,6286,6288],{"className":28,"code":6287,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[33,6289,6290,6300,6315],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,6291,6292,6294,6296,6298],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,6293,142],{"class":141},[36,6295,145],{"class":50},[36,6297,5395],{"class":141},[36,6299,4524],{"class":50},[36,6301,6302,6304,6306,6308,6310,6313],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,6303,142],{"class":141},[36,6305,145],{"class":50},[36,6307,5395],{"class":141},[36,6309,145],{"class":50},[36,6311,6312],{"class":87},"\"\"",[36,6314,445],{"class":50},[36,6316,6317,6319,6321,6323,6325,6327],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,6318,142],{"class":141},[36,6320,145],{"class":50},[36,6322,5395],{"class":141},[36,6324,145],{"class":50},[36,6326,231],{"class":80},[36,6328,6329],{"class":50},"()))\n",[14,6331,182],{},[26,6333,6335],{"className":28,"code":6334,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[33,6336,6337,6341,6345],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,6338,6339],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,6340,4081],{"class":1143},[36,6342,6343],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,6344,4081],{"class":1143},[36,6346,6347],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,6348,4081],{"class":1143},[21,6350,6352],{"id":6351},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[14,6354,495,6355,6357],{},[33,6356,5225],{}," when you want to:",[246,6359,6360,6363,6366],{},[249,6361,6362],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[249,6364,6365],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[249,6367,6368],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[14,6370,6371],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[26,6373,6375],{"className":28,"code":6374,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[33,6376,6377,6402,6406,6416,6420,6434,6453,6463,6469,6474],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,6378,6379,6381,6383,6385,6387,6389,6391,6393,6395,6397,6400],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,6380,43],{"class":42},[36,6382,47],{"class":46},[36,6384,1333],{"class":50},[36,6386,55],{"class":54},[36,6388,58],{"class":50},[36,6390,66],{"class":54},[36,6392,58],{"class":50},[36,6394,4644],{"class":54},[36,6396,58],{"class":50},[36,6398,6399],{"class":54}," 8",[36,6401,1355],{"class":50},[36,6403,6404],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,6405,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,6407,6408,6411,6413],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,6409,6410],{"class":42},"found_even ",[36,6412,47],{"class":46},[36,6414,6415],{"class":1143}," False\n",[36,6417,6418],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,6419,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,6421,6422,6424,6427,6429,6431],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,6423,5997],{"class":3917},[36,6425,6426],{"class":42}," number ",[36,6428,3924],{"class":3917},[36,6430,4301],{"class":42},[36,6432,6433],{"class":50},":\n",[36,6435,6436,6439,6441,6444,6446,6449,6451],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,6437,6438],{"class":3917},"    if",[36,6440,6426],{"class":42},[36,6442,6443],{"class":46},"%",[36,6445,61],{"class":54},[36,6447,6448],{"class":46}," ==",[36,6450,3875],{"class":54},[36,6452,6433],{"class":50},[36,6454,6455,6458,6460],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,6456,6457],{"class":42},"        found_even ",[36,6459,47],{"class":46},[36,6461,6462],{"class":1143}," True\n",[36,6464,6466],{"class":38,"line":6465},8,[36,6467,6468],{"class":3917},"        break\n",[36,6470,6472],{"class":38,"line":6471},9,[36,6473,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,6475,6477,6479,6481,6484],{"class":38,"line":6476},10,[36,6478,142],{"class":141},[36,6480,145],{"class":50},[36,6482,6483],{"class":148},"found_even",[36,6485,152],{"class":50},[14,6487,6488],{},"You can write:",[26,6490,6492],{"className":28,"code":6491,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[33,6493,6494,6518],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,6495,6496,6498,6500,6502,6504,6506,6508,6510,6512,6514,6516],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,6497,43],{"class":42},[36,6499,47],{"class":46},[36,6501,1333],{"class":50},[36,6503,55],{"class":54},[36,6505,58],{"class":50},[36,6507,66],{"class":54},[36,6509,58],{"class":50},[36,6511,4644],{"class":54},[36,6513,58],{"class":50},[36,6515,6399],{"class":54},[36,6517,1355],{"class":50},[36,6519,6520,6522,6524,6526,6528,6530,6532,6534,6536,6538,6540,6542,6544,6546],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,6521,142],{"class":141},[36,6523,145],{"class":50},[36,6525,5395],{"class":141},[36,6527,145],{"class":50},[36,6529,2267],{"class":148},[36,6531,6443],{"class":46},[36,6533,61],{"class":54},[36,6535,6448],{"class":46},[36,6537,3875],{"class":54},[36,6539,3918],{"class":3917},[36,6541,6426],{"class":148},[36,6543,3924],{"class":3917},[36,6545,4301],{"class":148},[36,6547,445],{"class":50},[14,6549,6550,6551,6553],{},"Both work, but ",[33,6552,5225],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[21,6555,4557],{"id":4556},[14,6557,6558,6559,303],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[33,6560,5225],{},[376,6562,6564],{"id":6563},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[14,6566,4564],{},[26,6568,6570],{"className":28,"code":6569,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(any(5))\n",[33,6571,6572],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,6573,6574,6576,6578,6580,6582,6584],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,6575,142],{"class":141},[36,6577,145],{"class":50},[36,6579,5395],{"class":141},[36,6581,145],{"class":50},[36,6583,2183],{"class":54},[36,6585,445],{"class":50},[14,6587,6588,6589,6591],{},"It causes an error because ",[33,6590,2183],{}," is not iterable.",[14,6593,6594],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[26,6596,6598],{"className":28,"code":6597,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(any([5]))\n",[33,6599,6600],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,6601,6602,6604,6606,6608,6610,6612],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,6603,142],{"class":141},[36,6605,145],{"class":50},[36,6607,5395],{"class":141},[36,6609,84],{"class":50},[36,6611,2183],{"class":54},[36,6613,3047],{"class":50},[376,6615,6617],{"id":6616},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[14,6619,6620,6622,6623,6626],{},[33,6621,5225],{}," needs only ",[180,6624,6625],{},"one"," truthy item.",[26,6628,6630],{"className":28,"code":6629,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[33,6631,6632],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,6633,6634,6636,6638,6640,6642,6644,6646,6648,6650,6652],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,6635,142],{"class":141},[36,6637,145],{"class":50},[36,6639,5395],{"class":141},[36,6641,84],{"class":50},[36,6643,3716],{"class":1143},[36,6645,58],{"class":50},[36,6647,3948],{"class":1143},[36,6649,58],{"class":50},[36,6651,1144],{"class":1143},[36,6653,3047],{"class":50},[14,6655,182],{},[26,6657,6658],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,6659,6660],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,6661,6662],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,6663,4020],{"class":1143},[14,6665,6666,6667,1524],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[294,6668,6669],{"href":5466},[33,6670,3623],{},[376,6672,6674],{"id":6673},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[14,6676,6677,6678,303],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[33,6679,6680],{},"\"True\"",[26,6682,6684],{"className":28,"code":6683,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[33,6685,6686],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,6687,6688,6690,6692,6694,6696,6698,6700,6702],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,6689,142],{"class":141},[36,6691,145],{"class":50},[36,6693,5395],{"class":141},[36,6695,84],{"class":50},[36,6697,88],{"class":87},[36,6699,3716],{"class":91},[36,6701,88],{"class":87},[36,6703,3047],{"class":50},[14,6705,182],{},[26,6707,6708],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,6709,6710],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,6711,6712],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,6713,4020],{"class":1143},[14,6715,6716,6717,6720],{},"That is because ",[33,6718,6719],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[376,6722,6724],{"id":6723},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[14,6726,6727],{},"This works:",[26,6729,6731],{"className":28,"code":6730,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[33,6732,6733,6753],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,6734,6735,6737,6739,6741,6743,6745,6747,6749,6751],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,6736,43],{"class":42},[36,6738,47],{"class":46},[36,6740,1333],{"class":50},[36,6742,55],{"class":54},[36,6744,58],{"class":50},[36,6746,61],{"class":54},[36,6748,58],{"class":50},[36,6750,66],{"class":54},[36,6752,1355],{"class":50},[36,6754,6755,6757,6759,6761,6763,6765,6767,6769,6771,6773,6775,6777],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,6756,142],{"class":141},[36,6758,145],{"class":50},[36,6760,5395],{"class":141},[36,6762,84],{"class":50},[36,6764,3072],{"class":148},[36,6766,4290],{"class":46},[36,6768,61],{"class":54},[36,6770,3918],{"class":3917},[36,6772,3921],{"class":148},[36,6774,3924],{"class":3917},[36,6776,4301],{"class":148},[36,6778,3047],{"class":50},[14,6780,6781],{},"But this is usually better:",[26,6783,6785],{"className":28,"code":6784,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[33,6786,6787,6807],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,6788,6789,6791,6793,6795,6797,6799,6801,6803,6805],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,6790,43],{"class":42},[36,6792,47],{"class":46},[36,6794,1333],{"class":50},[36,6796,55],{"class":54},[36,6798,58],{"class":50},[36,6800,61],{"class":54},[36,6802,58],{"class":50},[36,6804,66],{"class":54},[36,6806,1355],{"class":50},[36,6808,6809,6811,6813,6815,6817,6819,6821,6823,6825,6827,6829,6831],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,6810,142],{"class":141},[36,6812,145],{"class":50},[36,6814,5395],{"class":141},[36,6816,145],{"class":50},[36,6818,3072],{"class":148},[36,6820,4290],{"class":46},[36,6822,61],{"class":54},[36,6824,3918],{"class":3917},[36,6826,3921],{"class":148},[36,6828,3924],{"class":3917},[36,6830,4301],{"class":148},[36,6832,445],{"class":50},[14,6834,6835],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[21,6837,1872],{"id":1871},[376,6839,6841],{"id":6840},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[14,6843,5188,6844,6846,6847,303],{},[33,6845,3649],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[33,6848,3716],{},[376,6850,6852],{"id":6851},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[14,6854,6855,2448,6857,6859],{},[33,6856,5225],{},[33,6858,3716],{}," for an empty iterable.",[376,6861,6863],{"id":6862},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[14,6865,6866,6868,6869,6871],{},[33,6867,5225],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[33,6870,3623],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[376,6873,6875],{"id":6874},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[14,6877,6878],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[26,6880,6881],{"className":28,"code":5983,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,6882,6883],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,6884,6885,6887,6889,6891,6893,6895,6897,6899],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,6886,5395],{"class":141},[36,6888,145],{"class":50},[36,6890,5994],{"class":148},[36,6892,5997],{"class":3917},[36,6894,6000],{"class":148},[36,6896,3924],{"class":3917},[36,6898,6005],{"class":148},[36,6900,152],{"class":50},[14,6902,5512],{},[26,6904,6905],{"className":28,"code":6784,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,6906,6907,6927],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,6908,6909,6911,6913,6915,6917,6919,6921,6923,6925],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,6910,43],{"class":42},[36,6912,47],{"class":46},[36,6914,1333],{"class":50},[36,6916,55],{"class":54},[36,6918,58],{"class":50},[36,6920,61],{"class":54},[36,6922,58],{"class":50},[36,6924,66],{"class":54},[36,6926,1355],{"class":50},[36,6928,6929,6931,6933,6935,6937,6939,6941,6943,6945,6947,6949,6951],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,6930,142],{"class":141},[36,6932,145],{"class":50},[36,6934,5395],{"class":141},[36,6936,145],{"class":50},[36,6938,3072],{"class":148},[36,6940,4290],{"class":46},[36,6942,61],{"class":54},[36,6944,3918],{"class":3917},[36,6946,3921],{"class":148},[36,6948,3924],{"class":3917},[36,6950,4301],{"class":148},[36,6952,445],{"class":50},[21,6954,1923],{"id":1922},[246,6956,6957,6963,6967,6971,6976],{},[249,6958,6959],{},[294,6960,6961,3554],{"href":5466},[33,6962,3623],{},[249,6964,6965],{},[294,6966,3849],{"href":5816},[249,6968,6969],{},[294,6970,5257],{"href":5625},[249,6972,6973],{},[294,6974,6975],{"href":6237},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[249,6977,6978],{},[294,6979,6980,3554],{"href":5819},[33,6981,3855],{},[1962,6983,6984],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":6986},[6987,6988,6989,6990,6991,6992,6993,6994,7000,7006],{"id":5416,"depth":72,"text":5417},{"id":5471,"depth":72,"text":5472},{"id":3772,"depth":72,"text":3773},{"id":5825,"depth":72,"text":5826},{"id":5968,"depth":72,"text":5969},{"id":6241,"depth":72,"text":6242},{"id":6351,"depth":72,"text":6352},{"id":4556,"depth":72,"text":4557,"children":6995},[6996,6997,6998,6999],{"id":6563,"depth":118,"text":6564},{"id":6616,"depth":118,"text":6617},{"id":6673,"depth":118,"text":6674},{"id":6723,"depth":118,"text":6724},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":7001},[7002,7003,7004,7005],{"id":6840,"depth":118,"text":6841},{"id":6851,"depth":118,"text":6852},{"id":6862,"depth":118,"text":6863},{"id":6874,"depth":118,"text":6875},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5320,"description":7007},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7013,"title":7014,"body":7015,"description":9138,"extension":2009,"meta":9139,"navigation":134,"path":9140,"seo":9141,"stem":9142,"__hash__":9143},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7016,"toc":9101},[7017,7020,7029,7039,7041,7138,7140,7169,7185,7189,7194,7197,7207,7213,7219,7234,7236,7244,7251,7255,7258,7273,7278,7296,7301,7303,7351,7353,7370,7374,7380,7383,7418,7420,7526,7528,7565,7569,7577,7579,7599,7601,7720,7722,7751,7754,7777,7779,7787,7795,7799,7805,7809,7848,7850,7858,7861,7889,7891,7899,7903,7932,7934,7942,7974,7976,7984,7988,8039,8041,8049,8057,8061,8064,8117,8119,8139,8146,8150,8156,8159,8167,8189,8191,8199,8207,8230,8232,8240,8245,8250,8262,8264,8305,8316,8320,8329,8332,8335,8394,8397,8449,8452,8457,8473,8479,8481,8486,8495,8498,8520,8522,8530,8535,8538,8573,8575,8583,8587,8592,8630,8642,8645,8699,8707,8711,8714,8736,8745,8748,8789,8791,8814,8820,8825,8840,8842,8860,8863,8882,8884,8903,8907,8913,8992,8995,9009,9016,9018,9022,9029,9033,9037,9041,9046,9050,9055,9059,9066,9068,9098],[10,7018,7014],{"id":7019},"python-bool-function-explained",[14,7021,2026,7022,7024,7025,298,7027,303],{},[33,7023,3855],{}," function converts a value to either ",[33,7026,3649],{},[33,7028,3716],{},[14,7030,7031,7032,7034,7035,7038],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[33,7033,3855],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[33,7036,7037],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[21,7040,24],{"id":23},[26,7042,7044],{"className":28,"code":7043,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[33,7045,7046,7060,7074,7088,7106,7116],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,7047,7048,7050,7052,7054,7056,7058],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,7049,142],{"class":141},[36,7051,145],{"class":50},[36,7053,3908],{"class":80},[36,7055,145],{"class":50},[36,7057,2166],{"class":54},[36,7059,445],{"class":50},[36,7061,7062,7064,7066,7068,7070,7072],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,7063,142],{"class":141},[36,7065,145],{"class":50},[36,7067,3908],{"class":80},[36,7069,145],{"class":50},[36,7071,55],{"class":54},[36,7073,445],{"class":50},[36,7075,7076,7078,7080,7082,7084,7086],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,7077,142],{"class":141},[36,7079,145],{"class":50},[36,7081,3908],{"class":80},[36,7083,145],{"class":50},[36,7085,6312],{"class":87},[36,7087,445],{"class":50},[36,7089,7090,7092,7094,7096,7098,7100,7102,7104],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,7091,142],{"class":141},[36,7093,145],{"class":50},[36,7095,3908],{"class":80},[36,7097,145],{"class":50},[36,7099,88],{"class":87},[36,7101,708],{"class":91},[36,7103,88],{"class":87},[36,7105,445],{"class":50},[36,7107,7108,7110,7112,7114],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,7109,142],{"class":141},[36,7111,145],{"class":50},[36,7113,3908],{"class":80},[36,7115,4466],{"class":50},[36,7117,7118,7120,7122,7124,7126,7128,7130,7132,7134,7136],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,7119,142],{"class":141},[36,7121,145],{"class":50},[36,7123,3908],{"class":80},[36,7125,84],{"class":50},[36,7127,55],{"class":54},[36,7129,58],{"class":50},[36,7131,61],{"class":54},[36,7133,58],{"class":50},[36,7135,66],{"class":54},[36,7137,3047],{"class":50},[14,7139,5598],{},[26,7141,7143],{"className":28,"code":7142,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[33,7144,7145,7149,7153,7157,7161,7165],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,7146,7147],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,7148,4081],{"class":1143},[36,7150,7151],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,7152,4020],{"class":1143},[36,7154,7155],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,7156,4081],{"class":1143},[36,7158,7159],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,7160,4020],{"class":1143},[36,7162,7163],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,7164,4081],{"class":1143},[36,7166,7167],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,7168,4020],{"class":1143},[14,7170,495,7171,7174,7175,298,7177,7179,7180,7182,7183,303],{},[33,7172,7173],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[33,7176,3649],{},[33,7178,3716],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[33,7181,3716],{},". Most other values become ",[33,7184,3649],{},[21,7186,7188],{"id":7187},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[14,7190,7191,7193],{},[33,7192,3855],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[14,7195,7196],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[246,7198,7199,7203],{},[249,7200,7201],{},[33,7202,3649],{},[249,7204,7205],{},[33,7206,3716],{},[14,7208,7209,7210,7212],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[33,7211,7037],{}," statements.",[14,7214,7215,7216,7218],{},"You can also call ",[33,7217,3855],{}," with no argument:",[26,7220,7222],{"className":28,"code":7221,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(bool())\n",[33,7223,7224],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,7225,7226,7228,7230,7232],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,7227,142],{"class":141},[36,7229,145],{"class":50},[36,7231,3908],{"class":80},[36,7233,1847],{"class":50},[14,7235,182],{},[26,7237,7238],{"className":28,"code":4081,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,7239,7240],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,7241,7242],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,7243,4081],{"class":1143},[14,7245,7246,7247,303],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[294,7248,7250],{"href":7249},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[21,7252,7254],{"id":7253},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[14,7256,7257],{},"The basic syntax is:",[26,7259,7261],{"className":28,"code":7260,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"bool(value)\n",[33,7262,7263],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,7264,7265,7267,7269,7271],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,7266,3908],{"class":80},[36,7268,145],{"class":50},[36,7270,1495],{"class":148},[36,7272,152],{"class":50},[14,7274,2026,7275,7277],{},[33,7276,1495],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[246,7279,7280,7282,7284,7286,7288,7291,7293],{},[249,7281,149],{},[249,7283,5350],{},[249,7285,5341],{},[249,7287,5344],{},[249,7289,7290],{},"dictionaries",[249,7292,5347],{},[249,7294,7295],{},"other objects",[14,7297,7298,7299,303],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[33,7300,3716],{},[14,7302,2257],{},[26,7304,7306],{"className":28,"code":7305,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[33,7307,7308,7322,7341],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,7309,7310,7312,7314,7316,7318,7320],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,7311,142],{"class":141},[36,7313,145],{"class":50},[36,7315,3908],{"class":80},[36,7317,145],{"class":50},[36,7319,631],{"class":54},[36,7321,445],{"class":50},[36,7323,7324,7326,7328,7330,7332,7334,7337,7339],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,7325,142],{"class":141},[36,7327,145],{"class":50},[36,7329,3908],{"class":80},[36,7331,145],{"class":50},[36,7333,88],{"class":87},[36,7335,7336],{"class":91},"Python",[36,7338,88],{"class":87},[36,7340,445],{"class":50},[36,7342,7343,7345,7347,7349],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,7344,142],{"class":141},[36,7346,145],{"class":50},[36,7348,3908],{"class":80},[36,7350,1847],{"class":50},[14,7352,182],{},[26,7354,7356],{"className":28,"code":7355,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[33,7357,7358,7362,7366],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,7359,7360],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,7361,4020],{"class":1143},[36,7363,7364],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,7365,4020],{"class":1143},[36,7367,7368],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,7369,4081],{"class":1143},[21,7371,7373],{"id":7372},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[14,7375,7376,7377,7379],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[180,7378,5635],{}," values.",[14,7381,7382],{},"Common examples:",[246,7384,7385,7389,7393,7397,7401,7406,7410,7414],{},[249,7386,7387],{},[33,7388,2166],{},[249,7390,7391],{},[33,7392,3812],{},[249,7394,7395],{},[33,7396,6312],{},[249,7398,7399],{},[33,7400,3831],{},[249,7402,7403],{},[33,7404,7405],{},"()",[249,7407,7408],{},[33,7409,864],{},[249,7411,7412],{},[33,7413,239],{},[249,7415,7416],{},[33,7417,3822],{},[14,7419,2257],{},[26,7421,7423],{"className":28,"code":7422,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[33,7424,7425,7439,7453,7467,7477,7487,7498,7512],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,7426,7427,7429,7431,7433,7435,7437],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,7428,142],{"class":141},[36,7430,145],{"class":50},[36,7432,3908],{"class":80},[36,7434,145],{"class":50},[36,7436,2166],{"class":54},[36,7438,445],{"class":50},[36,7440,7441,7443,7445,7447,7449,7451],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,7442,142],{"class":141},[36,7444,145],{"class":50},[36,7446,3908],{"class":80},[36,7448,145],{"class":50},[36,7450,3812],{"class":54},[36,7452,445],{"class":50},[36,7454,7455,7457,7459,7461,7463,7465],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,7456,142],{"class":141},[36,7458,145],{"class":50},[36,7460,3908],{"class":80},[36,7462,145],{"class":50},[36,7464,6312],{"class":87},[36,7466,445],{"class":50},[36,7468,7469,7471,7473,7475],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,7470,142],{"class":141},[36,7472,145],{"class":50},[36,7474,3908],{"class":80},[36,7476,4466],{"class":50},[36,7478,7479,7481,7483,7485],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,7480,142],{"class":141},[36,7482,145],{"class":50},[36,7484,3908],{"class":80},[36,7486,4524],{"class":50},[36,7488,7489,7491,7493,7495],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,7490,142],{"class":141},[36,7492,145],{"class":50},[36,7494,3908],{"class":80},[36,7496,7497],{"class":50},"({}))\n",[36,7499,7500,7502,7504,7506,7508,7510],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,7501,142],{"class":141},[36,7503,145],{"class":50},[36,7505,3908],{"class":80},[36,7507,145],{"class":50},[36,7509,231],{"class":80},[36,7511,6329],{"class":50},[36,7513,7514,7516,7518,7520,7522,7524],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,7515,142],{"class":141},[36,7517,145],{"class":50},[36,7519,3908],{"class":80},[36,7521,145],{"class":50},[36,7523,3822],{"class":1143},[36,7525,445],{"class":50},[14,7527,182],{},[26,7529,7531],{"className":28,"code":7530,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[33,7532,7533,7537,7541,7545,7549,7553,7557,7561],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,7534,7535],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,7536,4081],{"class":1143},[36,7538,7539],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,7540,4081],{"class":1143},[36,7542,7543],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,7544,4081],{"class":1143},[36,7546,7547],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,7548,4081],{"class":1143},[36,7550,7551],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,7552,4081],{"class":1143},[36,7554,7555],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,7556,4081],{"class":1143},[36,7558,7559],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,7560,4081],{"class":1143},[36,7562,7563],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,7564,4081],{"class":1143},[21,7566,7568],{"id":7567},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[14,7570,7571,7572,7574,7575,7379],{},"Many values become ",[33,7573,3649],{},". These are often called ",[180,7576,5632],{},[14,7578,7382],{},[246,7580,7581,7584,7587,7590,7593,7596],{},[249,7582,7583],{},"non-zero numbers",[249,7585,7586],{},"non-empty strings",[249,7588,7589],{},"non-empty lists",[249,7591,7592],{},"non-empty tuples",[249,7594,7595],{},"non-empty sets",[249,7597,7598],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[14,7600,2257],{},[26,7602,7604],{"className":28,"code":7603,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[33,7605,7606,7620,7636,7654,7676,7694],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,7607,7608,7610,7612,7614,7616,7618],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,7609,142],{"class":141},[36,7611,145],{"class":50},[36,7613,3908],{"class":80},[36,7615,145],{"class":50},[36,7617,2183],{"class":54},[36,7619,445],{"class":50},[36,7621,7622,7624,7626,7628,7630,7632,7634],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,7623,142],{"class":141},[36,7625,145],{"class":50},[36,7627,3908],{"class":80},[36,7629,145],{"class":50},[36,7631,2070],{"class":46},[36,7633,481],{"class":54},[36,7635,445],{"class":50},[36,7637,7638,7640,7642,7644,7646,7648,7650,7652],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,7639,142],{"class":141},[36,7641,145],{"class":50},[36,7643,3908],{"class":80},[36,7645,145],{"class":50},[36,7647,88],{"class":87},[36,7649,708],{"class":91},[36,7651,88],{"class":87},[36,7653,445],{"class":50},[36,7655,7656,7658,7660,7662,7664,7666,7668,7670,7672,7674],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,7657,142],{"class":141},[36,7659,145],{"class":50},[36,7661,3908],{"class":80},[36,7663,84],{"class":50},[36,7665,55],{"class":54},[36,7667,58],{"class":50},[36,7669,61],{"class":54},[36,7671,58],{"class":50},[36,7673,66],{"class":54},[36,7675,3047],{"class":50},[36,7677,7678,7680,7682,7684,7686,7688,7690,7692],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,7679,142],{"class":141},[36,7681,145],{"class":50},[36,7683,3908],{"class":80},[36,7685,628],{"class":50},[36,7687,55],{"class":54},[36,7689,58],{"class":50},[36,7691,61],{"class":54},[36,7693,2961],{"class":50},[36,7695,7696,7698,7700,7702,7704,7706,7708,7710,7712,7714,7716,7718],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,7697,142],{"class":141},[36,7699,145],{"class":50},[36,7701,3908],{"class":80},[36,7703,5568],{"class":50},[36,7705,88],{"class":87},[36,7707,1250],{"class":91},[36,7709,88],{"class":87},[36,7711,1213],{"class":50},[36,7713,99],{"class":87},[36,7715,1259],{"class":91},[36,7717,88],{"class":87},[36,7719,5577],{"class":50},[14,7721,182],{},[26,7723,7725],{"className":28,"code":7724,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[33,7726,7727,7731,7735,7739,7743,7747],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,7728,7729],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,7730,4020],{"class":1143},[36,7732,7733],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,7734,4020],{"class":1143},[36,7736,7737],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,7738,4020],{"class":1143},[36,7740,7741],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,7742,4020],{"class":1143},[36,7744,7745],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,7746,4020],{"class":1143},[36,7748,7749],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,7750,4020],{"class":1143},[14,7752,7753],{},"One important example is this:",[26,7755,7757],{"className":28,"code":7756,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[33,7758,7759],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,7760,7761,7763,7765,7767,7769,7771,7773,7775],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,7762,142],{"class":141},[36,7764,145],{"class":50},[36,7766,3908],{"class":80},[36,7768,145],{"class":50},[36,7770,88],{"class":87},[36,7772,3716],{"class":91},[36,7774,88],{"class":87},[36,7776,445],{"class":50},[14,7778,182],{},[26,7780,7781],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,7782,7783],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,7784,7785],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,7786,4020],{"class":1143},[14,7788,7789,7790,7792,7793,303],{},"Even though the text says ",[33,7791,6719],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[33,7794,3649],{},[21,7796,7798],{"id":7797},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[14,7800,7801,7802,7804],{},"You can use ",[33,7803,3855],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[376,7806,7808],{"id":7807},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[26,7810,7812],{"className":28,"code":7811,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[33,7813,7814,7834],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,7815,7816,7818,7820,7822,7824,7826,7828,7830,7832],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,7817,1328],{"class":42},[36,7819,47],{"class":46},[36,7821,1333],{"class":50},[36,7823,631],{"class":54},[36,7825,58],{"class":50},[36,7827,636],{"class":54},[36,7829,58],{"class":50},[36,7831,645],{"class":54},[36,7833,1355],{"class":50},[36,7835,7836,7838,7840,7842,7844,7846],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,7837,142],{"class":141},[36,7839,145],{"class":50},[36,7841,3908],{"class":80},[36,7843,145],{"class":50},[36,7845,1369],{"class":148},[36,7847,445],{"class":50},[14,7849,182],{},[26,7851,7852],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,7853,7854],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,7855,7856],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,7857,4020],{"class":1143},[14,7859,7860],{},"With an empty list:",[26,7862,7864],{"className":28,"code":7863,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[33,7865,7866,7875],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,7867,7868,7870,7872],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,7869,1328],{"class":42},[36,7871,47],{"class":46},[36,7873,7874],{"class":50}," []\n",[36,7876,7877,7879,7881,7883,7885,7887],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,7878,142],{"class":141},[36,7880,145],{"class":50},[36,7882,3908],{"class":80},[36,7884,145],{"class":50},[36,7886,1369],{"class":148},[36,7888,445],{"class":50},[14,7890,182],{},[26,7892,7893],{"className":28,"code":4081,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,7894,7895],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,7896,7897],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,7898,4081],{"class":1143},[376,7900,7902],{"id":7901},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[26,7904,7906],{"className":28,"code":7905,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[33,7907,7908,7918],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,7909,7910,7913,7915],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,7911,7912],{"class":42},"name ",[36,7914,47],{"class":46},[36,7916,7917],{"class":87}," \"\"\n",[36,7919,7920,7922,7924,7926,7928,7930],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,7921,142],{"class":141},[36,7923,145],{"class":50},[36,7925,3908],{"class":80},[36,7927,145],{"class":50},[36,7929,1250],{"class":148},[36,7931,445],{"class":50},[14,7933,182],{},[26,7935,7936],{"className":28,"code":4081,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,7937,7938],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,7939,7940],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,7941,4081],{"class":1143},[26,7943,7945],{"className":28,"code":7944,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[33,7946,7947,7960],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,7948,7949,7951,7953,7955,7958],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,7950,7912],{"class":42},[36,7952,47],{"class":46},[36,7954,99],{"class":87},[36,7956,7957],{"class":91},"Mia",[36,7959,3403],{"class":87},[36,7961,7962,7964,7966,7968,7970,7972],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,7963,142],{"class":141},[36,7965,145],{"class":50},[36,7967,3908],{"class":80},[36,7969,145],{"class":50},[36,7971,1250],{"class":148},[36,7973,445],{"class":50},[14,7975,182],{},[26,7977,7978],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,7979,7980],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,7981,7982],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,7983,4020],{"class":1143},[376,7985,7987],{"id":7986},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[26,7989,7991],{"className":28,"code":7990,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[33,7992,7993,8007,8024,8028],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,7994,7995,7998,8000,8002,8005],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,7996,7997],{"class":42},"username ",[36,7999,47],{"class":46},[36,8001,99],{"class":87},[36,8003,8004],{"class":91},"alex",[36,8006,3403],{"class":87},[36,8008,8009,8012,8014,8017,8019,8022],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,8010,8011],{"class":42},"has_name ",[36,8013,47],{"class":46},[36,8015,8016],{"class":80}," bool",[36,8018,145],{"class":50},[36,8020,8021],{"class":148},"username",[36,8023,152],{"class":50},[36,8025,8026],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,8027,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,8029,8030,8032,8034,8037],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,8031,142],{"class":141},[36,8033,145],{"class":50},[36,8035,8036],{"class":148},"has_name",[36,8038,152],{"class":50},[14,8040,182],{},[26,8042,8043],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,8044,8045],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,8046,8047],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,8048,4020],{"class":1143},[14,8050,8051,8052,298,8054,8056],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[33,8053,3649],{},[33,8055,3716],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[376,8058,8060],{"id":8059},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[14,8062,8063],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[26,8065,8067],{"className":28,"code":8066,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[33,8068,8069,8089,8093,8101],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,8070,8071,8073,8075,8077,8079,8081,8083,8085,8087],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,8072,43],{"class":42},[36,8074,47],{"class":46},[36,8076,1333],{"class":50},[36,8078,55],{"class":54},[36,8080,58],{"class":50},[36,8082,61],{"class":54},[36,8084,58],{"class":50},[36,8086,66],{"class":54},[36,8088,1355],{"class":50},[36,8090,8091],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,8092,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,8094,8095,8097,8099],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,8096,7037],{"class":3917},[36,8098,4301],{"class":42},[36,8100,6433],{"class":50},[36,8102,8103,8106,8108,8110,8113,8115],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,8104,8105],{"class":141},"    print",[36,8107,145],{"class":50},[36,8109,88],{"class":87},[36,8111,8112],{"class":91},"The list is not empty",[36,8114,88],{"class":87},[36,8116,152],{"class":50},[14,8118,182],{},[26,8120,8122],{"className":28,"code":8121,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"The list is not empty\n",[33,8123,8124],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,8125,8126,8128,8130,8133,8136],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,8127,2026],{"class":42},[36,8129,1225],{"class":80},[36,8131,8132],{"class":46}," is",[36,8134,8135],{"class":46}," not",[36,8137,8138],{"class":42}," empty\n",[14,8140,8141,8142,303],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[294,8143,8145],{"href":8144},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[21,8147,8149],{"id":8148},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[14,8151,8152,8153,8155],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[33,8154,3855],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[14,8157,8158],{},"It does not do that.",[376,8160,8162,2448,8165],{"id":8161},"boolfalse-returns-true",[33,8163,8164],{},"bool(\"False\")",[33,8166,3649],{},[26,8168,8169],{"className":28,"code":7756,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,8170,8171],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,8172,8173,8175,8177,8179,8181,8183,8185,8187],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,8174,142],{"class":141},[36,8176,145],{"class":50},[36,8178,3908],{"class":80},[36,8180,145],{"class":50},[36,8182,88],{"class":87},[36,8184,3716],{"class":91},[36,8186,88],{"class":87},[36,8188,445],{"class":50},[14,8190,182],{},[26,8192,8193],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,8194,8195],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,8196,8197],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,8198,4020],{"class":1143},[376,8200,8202,2448,8205],{"id":8201},"bool0-returns-true",[33,8203,8204],{},"bool(\"0\")",[33,8206,3649],{},[26,8208,8210],{"className":28,"code":8209,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[33,8211,8212],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,8213,8214,8216,8218,8220,8222,8224,8226,8228],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,8215,142],{"class":141},[36,8217,145],{"class":50},[36,8219,3908],{"class":80},[36,8221,145],{"class":50},[36,8223,88],{"class":87},[36,8225,2166],{"class":91},[36,8227,88],{"class":87},[36,8229,445],{"class":50},[14,8231,182],{},[26,8233,8234],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,8235,8236],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,8237,8238],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,8239,4020],{"class":1143},[14,8241,8242,8243,303],{},"This happens because both values are ",[180,8244,7586],{},[14,8246,8247,8249],{},[33,8248,3855],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[14,8251,8252,8253,8258,8259,8261],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[294,8254,8256],{"href":8255},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[33,8257,3007],{},", because ",[33,8260,3007],{}," always returns a string.",[14,8263,2257],{},[26,8265,8267],{"className":28,"code":8266,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[33,8268,8269,8290],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,8270,8271,8274,8276,8279,8281,8283,8286,8288],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,8272,8273],{"class":42},"user_value ",[36,8275,47],{"class":46},[36,8277,8278],{"class":141}," input",[36,8280,145],{"class":50},[36,8282,88],{"class":87},[36,8284,8285],{"class":91},"Enter True or False: ",[36,8287,88],{"class":87},[36,8289,152],{"class":50},[36,8291,8292,8294,8296,8298,8300,8303],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,8293,142],{"class":141},[36,8295,145],{"class":50},[36,8297,3908],{"class":80},[36,8299,145],{"class":50},[36,8301,8302],{"class":148},"user_value",[36,8304,445],{"class":50},[14,8306,8307,8308,8310,8311,8258,8313,8315],{},"If the user types ",[33,8309,3716],{},", the result will still be ",[33,8312,3649],{},[33,8314,6719],{}," is not empty.",[21,8317,8319],{"id":8318},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[14,8321,8322,8323,8325,8326,8328],{},"In many ",[33,8324,7037],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[33,8327,3855],{}," yourself.",[14,8330,8331],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[14,8333,8334],{},"Instead of this:",[26,8336,8338],{"className":28,"code":8337,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[33,8339,8340,8361,8365,8379],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,8341,8342,8345,8347,8349,8351,8353,8355,8357,8359],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,8343,8344],{"class":42},"my_list ",[36,8346,47],{"class":46},[36,8348,1333],{"class":50},[36,8350,55],{"class":54},[36,8352,58],{"class":50},[36,8354,61],{"class":54},[36,8356,58],{"class":50},[36,8358,66],{"class":54},[36,8360,1355],{"class":50},[36,8362,8363],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,8364,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,8366,8367,8369,8371,8373,8376],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,8368,7037],{"class":3917},[36,8370,8016],{"class":80},[36,8372,145],{"class":50},[36,8374,8375],{"class":148},"my_list",[36,8377,8378],{"class":50},"):\n",[36,8380,8381,8383,8385,8387,8390,8392],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,8382,8105],{"class":141},[36,8384,145],{"class":50},[36,8386,88],{"class":87},[36,8388,8389],{"class":91},"List has items",[36,8391,88],{"class":87},[36,8393,152],{"class":50},[14,8395,8396],{},"You can simply write:",[26,8398,8400],{"className":28,"code":8399,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[33,8401,8402,8422,8426,8435],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,8403,8404,8406,8408,8410,8412,8414,8416,8418,8420],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,8405,8344],{"class":42},[36,8407,47],{"class":46},[36,8409,1333],{"class":50},[36,8411,55],{"class":54},[36,8413,58],{"class":50},[36,8415,61],{"class":54},[36,8417,58],{"class":50},[36,8419,66],{"class":54},[36,8421,1355],{"class":50},[36,8423,8424],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,8425,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,8427,8428,8430,8433],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,8429,7037],{"class":3917},[36,8431,8432],{"class":42}," my_list",[36,8434,6433],{"class":50},[36,8436,8437,8439,8441,8443,8445,8447],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,8438,8105],{"class":141},[36,8440,145],{"class":50},[36,8442,88],{"class":87},[36,8444,8389],{"class":91},[36,8446,88],{"class":87},[36,8448,152],{"class":50},[14,8450,8451],{},"Both examples work.",[14,8453,1462,8454,8456],{},[33,8455,3855],{}," is still helpful when:",[246,8458,8459,8462,8470],{},[249,8460,8461],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[249,8463,8464,8465,298,8467,8469],{},"you want to store a real ",[33,8466,3649],{},[33,8468,3716],{}," value",[249,8471,8472],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[14,8474,8475,8476,303],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[294,8477,8478],{"href":2350},"Python type() function explained",[21,8480,1455],{"id":1454},[14,8482,8483,8484,303],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[33,8485,3855],{},[376,8487,8489,8490,8492,8493],{"id":8488},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[33,8491,8164],{}," to return ",[33,8494,3716],{},[14,8496,8497],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[26,8499,8500],{"className":28,"code":7756,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,8501,8502],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,8503,8504,8506,8508,8510,8512,8514,8516,8518],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,8505,142],{"class":141},[36,8507,145],{"class":50},[36,8509,3908],{"class":80},[36,8511,145],{"class":50},[36,8513,88],{"class":87},[36,8515,3716],{"class":91},[36,8517,88],{"class":87},[36,8519,445],{"class":50},[14,8521,182],{},[26,8523,8524],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,8525,8526],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,8527,8528],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,8529,4020],{"class":1143},[14,8531,8532,8533,6720],{},"Why? Because ",[33,8534,6719],{},[14,8536,8537],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[26,8539,8541],{"className":28,"code":8540,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[33,8542,8543,8555],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,8544,8545,8547,8549,8551,8553],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,8546,1478],{"class":42},[36,8548,47],{"class":46},[36,8550,99],{"class":87},[36,8552,3716],{"class":91},[36,8554,3403],{"class":87},[36,8556,8557,8559,8561,8563,8565,8567,8569,8571],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,8558,142],{"class":141},[36,8560,145],{"class":50},[36,8562,1478],{"class":148},[36,8564,4727],{"class":46},[36,8566,99],{"class":87},[36,8568,3649],{"class":91},[36,8570,88],{"class":87},[36,8572,152],{"class":50},[14,8574,182],{},[26,8576,8577],{"className":28,"code":4081,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,8578,8579],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,8580,8581],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,8582,4081],{"class":1143},[376,8584,8586],{"id":8585},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[14,8588,8589,8591],{},[33,8590,3007],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[26,8593,8595],{"className":28,"code":8594,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[33,8596,8597,8616],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,8598,8599,8601,8603,8605,8607,8609,8612,8614],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,8600,1478],{"class":42},[36,8602,47],{"class":46},[36,8604,8278],{"class":141},[36,8606,145],{"class":50},[36,8608,88],{"class":87},[36,8610,8611],{"class":91},"Enter yes or no: ",[36,8613,88],{"class":87},[36,8615,152],{"class":50},[36,8617,8618,8620,8622,8624,8626,8628],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,8619,142],{"class":141},[36,8621,145],{"class":50},[36,8623,3908],{"class":80},[36,8625,145],{"class":50},[36,8627,1495],{"class":148},[36,8629,445],{"class":50},[14,8631,8307,8632,8635,8636,8638,8639,8315],{},[33,8633,8634],{},"no",", the result is still ",[33,8637,3649],{}," because ",[33,8640,8641],{},"\"no\"",[14,8643,8644],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[26,8646,8648],{"className":28,"code":8647,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[33,8649,8650,8680],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,8651,8652,8654,8656,8658,8660,8662,8664,8666,8669,8672,8675,8678],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,8653,1478],{"class":42},[36,8655,47],{"class":46},[36,8657,8278],{"class":141},[36,8659,145],{"class":50},[36,8661,88],{"class":87},[36,8663,8611],{"class":91},[36,8665,88],{"class":87},[36,8667,8668],{"class":50},").",[36,8670,8671],{"class":148},"strip",[36,8673,8674],{"class":50},"().",[36,8676,8677],{"class":148},"lower",[36,8679,128],{"class":50},[36,8681,8682,8684,8686,8688,8690,8692,8695,8697],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,8683,142],{"class":141},[36,8685,145],{"class":50},[36,8687,1478],{"class":148},[36,8689,4727],{"class":46},[36,8691,99],{"class":87},[36,8693,8694],{"class":91},"yes",[36,8696,88],{"class":87},[36,8698,152],{"class":50},[14,8700,8701,8702,8704,8705,303],{},"This gives ",[33,8703,3649],{}," only when the user enters ",[33,8706,8694],{},[376,8708,8710],{"id":8709},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[14,8712,8713],{},"These are different:",[246,8715,8716,8720,8724,8728,8732],{},[249,8717,8718],{},[33,8719,3716],{},[249,8721,8722],{},[33,8723,2166],{},[249,8725,8726],{},[33,8727,6312],{},[249,8729,8730],{},[33,8731,3831],{},[249,8733,8734],{},[33,8735,3822],{},[14,8737,8738,8739,8741,8742,8744],{},"They all become ",[33,8740,3716],{}," with ",[33,8743,3855],{},", but they are not the same value.",[14,8746,8747],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[26,8749,8751],{"className":28,"code":8750,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[33,8752,8753,8761,8775],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,8754,8755,8757,8759],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,8756,1478],{"class":42},[36,8758,47],{"class":46},[36,8760,7874],{"class":50},[36,8762,8763,8765,8767,8769,8771,8773],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,8764,142],{"class":141},[36,8766,145],{"class":50},[36,8768,818],{"class":80},[36,8770,145],{"class":50},[36,8772,1495],{"class":148},[36,8774,445],{"class":50},[36,8776,8777,8779,8781,8783,8785,8787],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,8778,142],{"class":141},[36,8780,145],{"class":50},[36,8782,3908],{"class":80},[36,8784,145],{"class":50},[36,8786,1495],{"class":148},[36,8788,445],{"class":50},[14,8790,182],{},[26,8792,8794],{"className":28,"code":8793,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[33,8795,8796,8810],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,8797,8798,8800,8802,8804,8806,8808],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,8799,844],{"class":46},[36,8801,848],{"class":847},[36,8803,220],{"class":87},[36,8805,1225],{"class":91},[36,8807,211],{"class":87},[36,8809,857],{"class":46},[36,8811,8812],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,8813,4081],{"class":1143},[376,8815,1462,8817,8819],{"id":8816},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[33,8818,864],{}," expecting an empty set",[14,8821,8822,8823,945],{},"In Python, ",[33,8824,864],{},[26,8826,8828],{"className":28,"code":8827,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(type({}))\n",[33,8829,8830],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,8831,8832,8834,8836,8838],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,8833,142],{"class":141},[36,8835,145],{"class":50},[36,8837,818],{"class":80},[36,8839,7497],{"class":50},[14,8841,182],{},[26,8843,8844],{"className":28,"code":1503,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,8845,8846],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,8847,8848,8850,8852,8854,8856,8858],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,8849,844],{"class":46},[36,8851,848],{"class":847},[36,8853,220],{"class":87},[36,8855,936],{"class":91},[36,8857,211],{"class":87},[36,8859,857],{"class":46},[14,8861,8862],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[26,8864,8866],{"className":28,"code":8865,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(type(set()))\n",[33,8867,8868],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,8869,8870,8872,8874,8876,8878,8880],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,8871,142],{"class":141},[36,8873,145],{"class":50},[36,8875,818],{"class":80},[36,8877,145],{"class":50},[36,8879,231],{"class":80},[36,8881,6329],{"class":50},[14,8883,182],{},[26,8885,8887],{"className":28,"code":8886,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[33,8888,8889],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,8890,8891,8893,8895,8897,8899,8901],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,8892,844],{"class":46},[36,8894,848],{"class":847},[36,8896,220],{"class":87},[36,8898,231],{"class":91},[36,8900,211],{"class":87},[36,8902,857],{"class":46},[21,8904,8906],{"id":8905},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[14,8908,8909,8910,8912],{},"If ",[33,8911,3855],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[26,8914,8916],{"className":28,"code":8915,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[33,8917,8918,8932,8946,8956,8974],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,8919,8920,8922,8924,8926,8928,8930],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,8921,142],{"class":141},[36,8923,145],{"class":50},[36,8925,3908],{"class":80},[36,8927,145],{"class":50},[36,8929,1495],{"class":148},[36,8931,445],{"class":50},[36,8933,8934,8936,8938,8940,8942,8944],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,8935,142],{"class":141},[36,8937,145],{"class":50},[36,8939,818],{"class":80},[36,8941,145],{"class":50},[36,8943,1495],{"class":148},[36,8945,445],{"class":50},[36,8947,8948,8950,8952,8954],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,8949,142],{"class":141},[36,8951,145],{"class":50},[36,8953,1495],{"class":148},[36,8955,152],{"class":50},[36,8957,8958,8960,8962,8964,8966,8968,8970,8972],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,8959,142],{"class":141},[36,8961,145],{"class":50},[36,8963,1478],{"class":148},[36,8965,4727],{"class":46},[36,8967,99],{"class":87},[36,8969,3649],{"class":91},[36,8971,88],{"class":87},[36,8973,152],{"class":50},[36,8975,8976,8978,8980,8982,8984,8986,8988,8990],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,8977,142],{"class":141},[36,8979,145],{"class":50},[36,8981,1495],{"class":148},[36,8983,303],{"class":50},[36,8985,8671],{"class":148},[36,8987,8674],{"class":50},[36,8989,8677],{"class":148},[36,8991,1847],{"class":50},[14,8993,8994],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[246,8996,8997,9000,9003,9006],{},[249,8998,8999],{},"what the value really is",[249,9001,9002],{},"whether it is a string",[249,9004,9005],{},"whether it contains spaces",[249,9007,9008],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[14,9010,9011,9012,303],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[294,9013,9015],{"href":9014},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[21,9017,1872],{"id":1871},[376,9019,9021],{"id":9020},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[14,9023,9024,9025,298,9027,303],{},"It returns either ",[33,9026,3649],{},[33,9028,3716],{},[376,9030,9032],{"id":9031},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[14,9034,5188,9035,303],{},[33,9036,3716],{},[376,9038,9040],{"id":9039},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[14,9042,9043,9044,303],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[33,9045,3649],{},[376,9047,9049],{"id":9048},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[14,9051,9052,9053,303],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[33,9054,3716],{},[376,9056,9058],{"id":9057},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[14,9060,9061,9062,298,9064,3781],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[33,9063,3649],{},[33,9065,3716],{},[21,9067,1923],{"id":1922},[246,9069,9070,9075,9079,9084,9088,9093],{},[249,9071,9072],{},[294,9073,9074],{"href":5816},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[249,9076,9077],{},[294,9078,8145],{"href":8144},[249,9080,9081],{},[294,9082,9083],{"href":8255},"Python input() function explained",[249,9085,9086],{},[294,9087,8478],{"href":2350},[249,9089,9090],{},[294,9091,9092],{"href":9014},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[249,9094,9095],{},[294,9096,9097],{"href":7249},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1962,9099,9100],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":9102},[9103,9104,9105,9106,9107,9108,9114,9120,9121,9129,9130,9137],{"id":23,"depth":72,"text":24},{"id":7187,"depth":72,"text":7188},{"id":7253,"depth":72,"text":7254},{"id":7372,"depth":72,"text":7373},{"id":7567,"depth":72,"text":7568},{"id":7797,"depth":72,"text":7798,"children":9109},[9110,9111,9112,9113],{"id":7807,"depth":118,"text":7808},{"id":7901,"depth":118,"text":7902},{"id":7986,"depth":118,"text":7987},{"id":8059,"depth":118,"text":8060},{"id":8148,"depth":72,"text":8149,"children":9115},[9116,9118],{"id":8161,"depth":118,"text":9117},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8201,"depth":118,"text":9119},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8318,"depth":72,"text":8319},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455,"children":9122},[9123,9125,9126,9127],{"id":8488,"depth":118,"text":9124},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8585,"depth":118,"text":8586},{"id":8709,"depth":118,"text":8710},{"id":8816,"depth":118,"text":9128},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8905,"depth":72,"text":8906},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":9131},[9132,9133,9134,9135,9136],{"id":9020,"depth":118,"text":9021},{"id":9031,"depth":118,"text":9032},{"id":9039,"depth":118,"text":9040},{"id":9048,"depth":118,"text":9049},{"id":9057,"depth":118,"text":9058},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7014,"description":9138},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9145,"title":9146,"body":9147,"description":11334,"extension":2009,"meta":11335,"navigation":134,"path":11336,"seo":11337,"stem":11338,"__hash__":11339},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9148,"toc":11296},[9149,9155,9161,9168,9173,9184,9191,9298,9302,9369,9374,9379,9384,9387,9398,9403,9406,9417,9424,9426,9431,9435,9460,9464,9472,9476,9539,9543,9576,9580,9625,9629,9666,9670,9673,9729,9733,9779,9782,9787,9826,9830,9853,9856,9869,9882,9886,9891,9958,9962,9998,10001,10009,10012,10076,10080,10112,10118,10120,10180,10187,10190,10268,10272,10305,10309,10312,10356,10360,10396,10399,10416,10419,10422,10475,10478,10489,10496,10505,10508,10565,10569,10610,10618,10626,10632,10640,10652,10657,10668,10741,10744,10756,10771,10775,10780,10784,10786,10829,10835,10838,10901,10905,10908,10917,10922,10959,10963,10966,10974,10977,11016,11020,11023,11074,11078,11099,11106,11108,11114,11141,11144,11198,11201,11212,11214,11221,11229,11235,11240,11247,11250,11257,11264,11266,11293],[10,9150,1935,9152,3624],{"id":9151},"python-dict-function-explained",[33,9153,9154],{},"dict()",[14,9156,9157,9158,9160],{},"The built-in ",[33,9159,9154],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[14,9162,9163,9164,9167],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[180,9165,9166],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[14,9169,9170,9172],{},[33,9171,9154],{}," is commonly used to:",[246,9174,9175,9178,9181],{},[249,9176,9177],{},"create an empty dictionary",[249,9179,9180],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[249,9182,9183],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9185,9186,9187,303],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[294,9188,9190],{"href":9189},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[26,9192,9194],{"className":28,"code":9193,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[33,9195,9196,9231,9242,9246,9283],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,9197,9198,9201,9203,9206,9208,9211,9213,9215,9217,9219,9221,9224,9226,9229],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,9199,9200],{"class":42},"data ",[36,9202,47],{"class":46},[36,9204,9205],{"class":80}," dict",[36,9207,145],{"class":50},[36,9209,1250],{"class":9210},"s99_P",[36,9212,47],{"class":46},[36,9214,211],{"class":87},[36,9216,5043],{"class":91},[36,9218,211],{"class":87},[36,9220,58],{"class":50},[36,9222,9223],{"class":9210}," age",[36,9225,47],{"class":46},[36,9227,9228],{"class":54},"25",[36,9230,152],{"class":50},[36,9232,9233,9235,9237,9240],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,9234,142],{"class":141},[36,9236,145],{"class":50},[36,9238,9239],{"class":148},"data",[36,9241,152],{"class":50},[36,9243,9244],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,9245,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,9247,9248,9251,9253,9256,9258,9260,9262,9264,9266,9268,9270,9272,9274,9276,9278,9280],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,9249,9250],{"class":42},"pairs ",[36,9252,47],{"class":46},[36,9254,9255],{"class":50}," [(",[36,9257,211],{"class":87},[36,9259,294],{"class":91},[36,9261,211],{"class":87},[36,9263,58],{"class":50},[36,9265,1340],{"class":54},[36,9267,1140],{"class":50},[36,9269,1131],{"class":50},[36,9271,211],{"class":87},[36,9273,1707],{"class":91},[36,9275,211],{"class":87},[36,9277,58],{"class":50},[36,9279,61],{"class":54},[36,9281,9282],{"class":50},")]\n",[36,9284,9285,9287,9289,9291,9293,9296],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,9286,142],{"class":141},[36,9288,145],{"class":50},[36,9290,936],{"class":80},[36,9292,145],{"class":50},[36,9294,9295],{"class":148},"pairs",[36,9297,445],{"class":50},[14,9299,9300],{},[180,9301,182],{},[26,9303,9305],{"className":28,"code":9304,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[33,9306,9307,9341],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,9308,9309,9311,9313,9315,9317,9319,9321,9323,9325,9327,9329,9332,9334,9336,9339],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,9310,192],{"class":50},[36,9312,211],{"class":87},[36,9314,1250],{"class":91},[36,9316,211],{"class":87},[36,9318,1213],{"class":50},[36,9320,220],{"class":87},[36,9322,5043],{"class":91},[36,9324,211],{"class":87},[36,9326,58],{"class":50},[36,9328,220],{"class":87},[36,9330,9331],{"class":91},"age",[36,9333,211],{"class":87},[36,9335,1213],{"class":50},[36,9337,9338],{"class":54}," 25",[36,9340,69],{"class":50},[36,9342,9343,9345,9347,9349,9351,9353,9355,9357,9359,9361,9363,9365,9367],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,9344,192],{"class":50},[36,9346,211],{"class":87},[36,9348,294],{"class":91},[36,9350,211],{"class":87},[36,9352,1213],{"class":50},[36,9354,1340],{"class":54},[36,9356,58],{"class":50},[36,9358,220],{"class":87},[36,9360,1707],{"class":91},[36,9362,211],{"class":87},[36,9364,1213],{"class":50},[36,9366,61],{"class":54},[36,9368,69],{"class":50},[14,9370,495,9371,9373],{},[33,9372,9154],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[21,9375,3720,9377,3723],{"id":9376},"what-dict-does",[33,9378,9154],{},[14,9380,9381,9383],{},[33,9382,9154],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[14,9385,9386],{},"A dictionary:",[246,9388,9389,9392,9395],{},[249,9390,9391],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[249,9393,9394],{},"lets you look up values by key",[249,9396,9397],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[14,9399,9400,9402],{},[33,9401,9154],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[14,9404,9405],{},"Common uses include:",[246,9407,9408,9411,9414],{},[249,9409,9410],{},"making an empty dictionary",[249,9412,9413],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[249,9415,9416],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9418,9419,9420,303],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[294,9421,9423],{"href":9422},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[21,9425,2205],{"id":2204},[14,9427,9428,9430],{},[33,9429,9154],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[376,9432,9434],{"id":9433},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[26,9436,9438],{"className":28,"code":9437,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[33,9439,9440,9450],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,9441,9442,9444,9446,9448],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,9443,9200],{"class":42},[36,9445,47],{"class":46},[36,9447,9205],{"class":80},[36,9449,128],{"class":50},[36,9451,9452,9454,9456,9458],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,9453,142],{"class":141},[36,9455,145],{"class":50},[36,9457,9239],{"class":148},[36,9459,152],{"class":50},[14,9461,9462],{},[180,9463,182],{},[26,9465,9466],{"className":28,"code":925,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,9467,9468],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,9469,9470],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,9471,925],{"class":50},[376,9473,9475],{"id":9474},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[26,9477,9479],{"className":28,"code":9478,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[33,9480,9481,9515,9529],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,9482,9483,9485,9487,9489,9491,9493,9495,9497,9499,9501,9503,9505,9507,9509,9511,9513],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,9484,9250],{"class":42},[36,9486,47],{"class":46},[36,9488,9255],{"class":50},[36,9490,211],{"class":87},[36,9492,294],{"class":91},[36,9494,211],{"class":87},[36,9496,58],{"class":50},[36,9498,1340],{"class":54},[36,9500,1140],{"class":50},[36,9502,1131],{"class":50},[36,9504,211],{"class":87},[36,9506,1707],{"class":91},[36,9508,211],{"class":87},[36,9510,58],{"class":50},[36,9512,61],{"class":54},[36,9514,9282],{"class":50},[36,9516,9517,9519,9521,9523,9525,9527],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,9518,9200],{"class":42},[36,9520,47],{"class":46},[36,9522,9205],{"class":80},[36,9524,145],{"class":50},[36,9526,9295],{"class":148},[36,9528,152],{"class":50},[36,9530,9531,9533,9535,9537],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,9532,142],{"class":141},[36,9534,145],{"class":50},[36,9536,9239],{"class":148},[36,9538,152],{"class":50},[14,9540,9541],{},[180,9542,182],{},[26,9544,9546],{"className":28,"code":9545,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[33,9547,9548],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,9549,9550,9552,9554,9556,9558,9560,9562,9564,9566,9568,9570,9572,9574],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,9551,192],{"class":50},[36,9553,211],{"class":87},[36,9555,294],{"class":91},[36,9557,211],{"class":87},[36,9559,1213],{"class":50},[36,9561,1340],{"class":54},[36,9563,58],{"class":50},[36,9565,220],{"class":87},[36,9567,1707],{"class":91},[36,9569,211],{"class":87},[36,9571,1213],{"class":50},[36,9573,61],{"class":54},[36,9575,69],{"class":50},[376,9577,9579],{"id":9578},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[26,9581,9583],{"className":28,"code":9582,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[33,9584,9585,9615],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,9586,9587,9589,9591,9593,9595,9597,9599,9601,9603,9605,9607,9609,9611,9613],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,9588,9200],{"class":42},[36,9590,47],{"class":46},[36,9592,9205],{"class":80},[36,9594,145],{"class":50},[36,9596,1250],{"class":9210},[36,9598,47],{"class":46},[36,9600,211],{"class":87},[36,9602,5043],{"class":91},[36,9604,211],{"class":87},[36,9606,58],{"class":50},[36,9608,9223],{"class":9210},[36,9610,47],{"class":46},[36,9612,9228],{"class":54},[36,9614,152],{"class":50},[36,9616,9617,9619,9621,9623],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,9618,142],{"class":141},[36,9620,145],{"class":50},[36,9622,9239],{"class":148},[36,9624,152],{"class":50},[14,9626,9627],{},[180,9628,182],{},[26,9630,9632],{"className":28,"code":9631,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[33,9633,9634],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,9635,9636,9638,9640,9642,9644,9646,9648,9650,9652,9654,9656,9658,9660,9662,9664],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,9637,192],{"class":50},[36,9639,211],{"class":87},[36,9641,1250],{"class":91},[36,9643,211],{"class":87},[36,9645,1213],{"class":50},[36,9647,220],{"class":87},[36,9649,5043],{"class":91},[36,9651,211],{"class":87},[36,9653,58],{"class":50},[36,9655,220],{"class":87},[36,9657,9331],{"class":91},[36,9659,211],{"class":87},[36,9661,1213],{"class":50},[36,9663,9338],{"class":54},[36,9665,69],{"class":50},[376,9667,9669],{"id":9668},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[14,9671,9672],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[26,9674,9676],{"className":28,"code":9675,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[33,9677,9678,9719],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,9679,9680,9682,9684,9686,9689,9691,9693,9695,9697,9699,9702,9704,9706,9708,9710,9713,9715,9717],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,9681,9200],{"class":42},[36,9683,47],{"class":46},[36,9685,9205],{"class":80},[36,9687,9688],{"class":50},"([(",[36,9690,211],{"class":87},[36,9692,294],{"class":91},[36,9694,211],{"class":87},[36,9696,58],{"class":50},[36,9698,1340],{"class":54},[36,9700,9701],{"class":50},")],",[36,9703,2609],{"class":9210},[36,9705,47],{"class":46},[36,9707,481],{"class":54},[36,9709,58],{"class":50},[36,9711,9712],{"class":9210}," c",[36,9714,47],{"class":46},[36,9716,485],{"class":54},[36,9718,152],{"class":50},[36,9720,9721,9723,9725,9727],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,9722,142],{"class":141},[36,9724,145],{"class":50},[36,9726,9239],{"class":148},[36,9728,152],{"class":50},[14,9730,9731],{},[180,9732,182],{},[26,9734,9736],{"className":28,"code":9735,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[33,9737,9738],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,9739,9740,9742,9744,9746,9748,9750,9752,9754,9756,9758,9760,9762,9764,9766,9768,9771,9773,9775,9777],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,9741,192],{"class":50},[36,9743,211],{"class":87},[36,9745,294],{"class":91},[36,9747,211],{"class":87},[36,9749,1213],{"class":50},[36,9751,1340],{"class":54},[36,9753,58],{"class":50},[36,9755,220],{"class":87},[36,9757,1707],{"class":91},[36,9759,211],{"class":87},[36,9761,1213],{"class":50},[36,9763,61],{"class":54},[36,9765,58],{"class":50},[36,9767,220],{"class":87},[36,9769,9770],{"class":91},"c",[36,9772,211],{"class":87},[36,9774,1213],{"class":50},[36,9776,66],{"class":54},[36,9778,69],{"class":50},[21,9780,9434],{"id":9781},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[14,9783,495,9784,9786],{},[33,9785,9154],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[26,9788,9790],{"className":28,"code":9789,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[33,9791,9792,9802,9816],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,9793,9794,9796,9798,9800],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,9795,9200],{"class":42},[36,9797,47],{"class":46},[36,9799,9205],{"class":80},[36,9801,128],{"class":50},[36,9803,9804,9806,9808,9810,9812,9814],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,9805,142],{"class":141},[36,9807,145],{"class":50},[36,9809,818],{"class":80},[36,9811,145],{"class":50},[36,9813,9239],{"class":148},[36,9815,445],{"class":50},[36,9817,9818,9820,9822,9824],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,9819,142],{"class":141},[36,9821,145],{"class":50},[36,9823,9239],{"class":148},[36,9825,152],{"class":50},[14,9827,9828],{},[180,9829,182],{},[26,9831,9833],{"className":28,"code":9832,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[33,9834,9835,9849],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,9836,9837,9839,9841,9843,9845,9847],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,9838,844],{"class":46},[36,9840,848],{"class":847},[36,9842,220],{"class":87},[36,9844,936],{"class":91},[36,9846,211],{"class":87},[36,9848,857],{"class":46},[36,9850,9851],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,9852,925],{"class":50},[14,9854,9855],{},"This gives the same result as:",[26,9857,9859],{"className":28,"code":9858,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {}\n",[33,9860,9861],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,9862,9863,9865,9867],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,9864,9200],{"class":42},[36,9866,47],{"class":46},[36,9868,886],{"class":50},[14,9870,9871,9872,9874,9875,9878,9879,9881],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[33,9873,864],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9876,9877],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[33,9880,9154],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[21,9883,9885],{"id":9884},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[14,9887,9888,9889,303],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[33,9890,9154],{},[26,9892,9894],{"className":28,"code":9893,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[33,9895,9896,9934,9948],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,9897,9898,9900,9902,9904,9906,9908,9910,9912,9914,9916,9918,9920,9922,9924,9926,9928,9930,9932],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,9899,9250],{"class":42},[36,9901,47],{"class":46},[36,9903,9255],{"class":50},[36,9905,211],{"class":87},[36,9907,1250],{"class":91},[36,9909,211],{"class":87},[36,9911,58],{"class":50},[36,9913,220],{"class":87},[36,9915,5043],{"class":91},[36,9917,211],{"class":87},[36,9919,1140],{"class":50},[36,9921,1131],{"class":50},[36,9923,211],{"class":87},[36,9925,9331],{"class":91},[36,9927,211],{"class":87},[36,9929,58],{"class":50},[36,9931,9338],{"class":54},[36,9933,9282],{"class":50},[36,9935,9936,9938,9940,9942,9944,9946],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,9937,9200],{"class":42},[36,9939,47],{"class":46},[36,9941,9205],{"class":80},[36,9943,145],{"class":50},[36,9945,9295],{"class":148},[36,9947,152],{"class":50},[36,9949,9950,9952,9954,9956],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,9951,142],{"class":141},[36,9953,145],{"class":50},[36,9955,9239],{"class":148},[36,9957,152],{"class":50},[14,9959,9960],{},[180,9961,182],{},[26,9963,9964],{"className":28,"code":9631,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,9965,9966],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,9967,9968,9970,9972,9974,9976,9978,9980,9982,9984,9986,9988,9990,9992,9994,9996],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,9969,192],{"class":50},[36,9971,211],{"class":87},[36,9973,1250],{"class":91},[36,9975,211],{"class":87},[36,9977,1213],{"class":50},[36,9979,220],{"class":87},[36,9981,5043],{"class":91},[36,9983,211],{"class":87},[36,9985,58],{"class":50},[36,9987,220],{"class":87},[36,9989,9331],{"class":91},[36,9991,211],{"class":87},[36,9993,1213],{"class":50},[36,9995,9338],{"class":54},[36,9997,69],{"class":50},[14,9999,10000],{},"Each pair becomes:",[246,10002,10003,10006],{},[249,10004,10005],{},"the first item as the key",[249,10007,10008],{},"the second item as the value",[14,10010,10011],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[26,10013,10015],{"className":28,"code":10014,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[33,10016,10017,10052,10066],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,10018,10019,10021,10023,10026,10028,10030,10032,10034,10036,10038,10040,10042,10044,10046,10048,10050],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,10020,9250],{"class":42},[36,10022,47],{"class":46},[36,10024,10025],{"class":50}," ((",[36,10027,211],{"class":87},[36,10029,294],{"class":91},[36,10031,211],{"class":87},[36,10033,58],{"class":50},[36,10035,1340],{"class":54},[36,10037,1140],{"class":50},[36,10039,1131],{"class":50},[36,10041,211],{"class":87},[36,10043,1707],{"class":91},[36,10045,211],{"class":87},[36,10047,58],{"class":50},[36,10049,61],{"class":54},[36,10051,445],{"class":50},[36,10053,10054,10056,10058,10060,10062,10064],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,10055,9200],{"class":42},[36,10057,47],{"class":46},[36,10059,9205],{"class":80},[36,10061,145],{"class":50},[36,10063,9295],{"class":148},[36,10065,152],{"class":50},[36,10067,10068,10070,10072,10074],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,10069,142],{"class":141},[36,10071,145],{"class":50},[36,10073,9239],{"class":148},[36,10075,152],{"class":50},[14,10077,10078],{},[180,10079,182],{},[26,10081,10082],{"className":28,"code":9545,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,10083,10084],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,10085,10086,10088,10090,10092,10094,10096,10098,10100,10102,10104,10106,10108,10110],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,10087,192],{"class":50},[36,10089,211],{"class":87},[36,10091,294],{"class":91},[36,10093,211],{"class":87},[36,10095,1213],{"class":50},[36,10097,1340],{"class":54},[36,10099,58],{"class":50},[36,10101,220],{"class":87},[36,10103,1707],{"class":91},[36,10105,211],{"class":87},[36,10107,1213],{"class":50},[36,10109,61],{"class":54},[36,10111,69],{"class":50},[14,10113,10114,10115,303],{},"Each item must contain ",[180,10116,10117],{},"exactly two elements",[14,10119,2886],{},[26,10121,10123],{"className":28,"code":10122,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[33,10124,10125,10165],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,10126,10127,10130,10132,10134,10136,10138,10140,10142,10144,10146,10149,10151,10153,10155,10157,10159,10161,10163],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,10128,10129],{"class":42},"bad_data ",[36,10131,47],{"class":46},[36,10133,9255],{"class":50},[36,10135,211],{"class":87},[36,10137,294],{"class":91},[36,10139,211],{"class":87},[36,10141,58],{"class":50},[36,10143,1340],{"class":54},[36,10145,58],{"class":50},[36,10147,10148],{"class":54}," 100",[36,10150,1140],{"class":50},[36,10152,1131],{"class":50},[36,10154,211],{"class":87},[36,10156,1707],{"class":91},[36,10158,211],{"class":87},[36,10160,58],{"class":50},[36,10162,61],{"class":54},[36,10164,9282],{"class":50},[36,10166,10167,10169,10171,10173,10175,10178],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,10168,2280],{"class":42},[36,10170,47],{"class":46},[36,10172,9205],{"class":80},[36,10174,145],{"class":50},[36,10176,10177],{"class":148},"bad_data",[36,10179,152],{"class":50},[14,10181,10182,10183,10186],{},"Python raises an error because ",[33,10184,10185],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[14,10188,10189],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[26,10191,10193],{"className":28,"code":10192,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[33,10194,10195,10244,10258],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,10196,10197,10199,10201,10203,10205,10207,10209,10211,10213,10215,10217,10219,10221,10223,10225,10228,10230,10232,10234,10236,10238,10240,10242],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,10198,9250],{"class":42},[36,10200,47],{"class":46},[36,10202,9255],{"class":50},[36,10204,211],{"class":87},[36,10206,294],{"class":91},[36,10208,211],{"class":87},[36,10210,58],{"class":50},[36,10212,1340],{"class":54},[36,10214,1140],{"class":50},[36,10216,1131],{"class":50},[36,10218,211],{"class":87},[36,10220,294],{"class":91},[36,10222,211],{"class":87},[36,10224,58],{"class":50},[36,10226,10227],{"class":54}," 99",[36,10229,1140],{"class":50},[36,10231,1131],{"class":50},[36,10233,211],{"class":87},[36,10235,1707],{"class":91},[36,10237,211],{"class":87},[36,10239,58],{"class":50},[36,10241,61],{"class":54},[36,10243,9282],{"class":50},[36,10245,10246,10248,10250,10252,10254,10256],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,10247,9200],{"class":42},[36,10249,47],{"class":46},[36,10251,9205],{"class":80},[36,10253,145],{"class":50},[36,10255,9295],{"class":148},[36,10257,152],{"class":50},[36,10259,10260,10262,10264,10266],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,10261,142],{"class":141},[36,10263,145],{"class":50},[36,10265,9239],{"class":148},[36,10267,152],{"class":50},[14,10269,10270],{},[180,10271,182],{},[26,10273,10275],{"className":28,"code":10274,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[33,10276,10277],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,10278,10279,10281,10283,10285,10287,10289,10291,10293,10295,10297,10299,10301,10303],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,10280,192],{"class":50},[36,10282,211],{"class":87},[36,10284,294],{"class":91},[36,10286,211],{"class":87},[36,10288,1213],{"class":50},[36,10290,10227],{"class":54},[36,10292,58],{"class":50},[36,10294,220],{"class":87},[36,10296,1707],{"class":91},[36,10298,211],{"class":87},[36,10300,1213],{"class":50},[36,10302,61],{"class":54},[36,10304,69],{"class":50},[21,10306,10308],{"id":10307},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[14,10310,10311],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[26,10313,10314],{"className":28,"code":9582,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,10315,10316,10346],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,10317,10318,10320,10322,10324,10326,10328,10330,10332,10334,10336,10338,10340,10342,10344],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,10319,9200],{"class":42},[36,10321,47],{"class":46},[36,10323,9205],{"class":80},[36,10325,145],{"class":50},[36,10327,1250],{"class":9210},[36,10329,47],{"class":46},[36,10331,211],{"class":87},[36,10333,5043],{"class":91},[36,10335,211],{"class":87},[36,10337,58],{"class":50},[36,10339,9223],{"class":9210},[36,10341,47],{"class":46},[36,10343,9228],{"class":54},[36,10345,152],{"class":50},[36,10347,10348,10350,10352,10354],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,10349,142],{"class":141},[36,10351,145],{"class":50},[36,10353,9239],{"class":148},[36,10355,152],{"class":50},[14,10357,10358],{},[180,10359,182],{},[26,10361,10362],{"className":28,"code":9631,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,10363,10364],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,10365,10366,10368,10370,10372,10374,10376,10378,10380,10382,10384,10386,10388,10390,10392,10394],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,10367,192],{"class":50},[36,10369,211],{"class":87},[36,10371,1250],{"class":91},[36,10373,211],{"class":87},[36,10375,1213],{"class":50},[36,10377,220],{"class":87},[36,10379,5043],{"class":91},[36,10381,211],{"class":87},[36,10383,58],{"class":50},[36,10385,220],{"class":87},[36,10387,9331],{"class":91},[36,10389,211],{"class":87},[36,10391,1213],{"class":50},[36,10393,9338],{"class":54},[36,10395,69],{"class":50},[14,10397,10398],{},"In this form:",[246,10400,10401,10409],{},[249,10402,10403,10405,10406],{},[33,10404,1250],{}," becomes the string key ",[33,10407,10408],{},"'name'",[249,10410,10411,10405,10413],{},[33,10412,9331],{},[33,10414,10415],{},"'age'",[14,10417,10418],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[14,10420,10421],{},"Valid examples:",[26,10423,10425],{"className":28,"code":10424,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[33,10426,10427,10465],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,10428,10429,10431,10433,10435,10437,10440,10442,10444,10447,10449,10451,10454,10456,10458,10461,10463],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,10430,9200],{"class":42},[36,10432,47],{"class":46},[36,10434,9205],{"class":80},[36,10436,145],{"class":50},[36,10438,10439],{"class":9210},"city",[36,10441,47],{"class":46},[36,10443,211],{"class":87},[36,10445,10446],{"class":91},"Paris",[36,10448,211],{"class":87},[36,10450,58],{"class":50},[36,10452,10453],{"class":9210}," country",[36,10455,47],{"class":46},[36,10457,211],{"class":87},[36,10459,10460],{"class":91},"France",[36,10462,211],{"class":87},[36,10464,152],{"class":50},[36,10466,10467,10469,10471,10473],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,10468,142],{"class":141},[36,10470,145],{"class":50},[36,10472,9239],{"class":148},[36,10474,152],{"class":50},[14,10476,10477],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[246,10479,10480,10483,10486],{},[249,10481,10482],{},"spaces",[249,10484,10485],{},"hyphens",[249,10487,10488],{},"names that start with numbers",[14,10490,10491,10492,10495],{},"For example, this is ",[180,10493,10494],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[26,10497,10499],{"className":28,"code":10498,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[33,10500,10501],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,10502,10503],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,10504,10498],{"class":1617},[14,10506,10507],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[26,10509,10511],{"className":28,"code":10510,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[33,10512,10513,10555],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,10514,10515,10517,10519,10521,10523,10526,10528,10530,10532,10534,10536,10538,10540,10543,10545,10547,10549,10551,10553],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,10516,9200],{"class":42},[36,10518,47],{"class":46},[36,10520,51],{"class":50},[36,10522,211],{"class":87},[36,10524,10525],{"class":91},"first-name",[36,10527,211],{"class":87},[36,10529,1213],{"class":50},[36,10531,220],{"class":87},[36,10533,1259],{"class":91},[36,10535,211],{"class":87},[36,10537,58],{"class":50},[36,10539,220],{"class":87},[36,10541,10542],{"class":91},"first name",[36,10544,211],{"class":87},[36,10546,1213],{"class":50},[36,10548,220],{"class":87},[36,10550,1259],{"class":91},[36,10552,211],{"class":87},[36,10554,69],{"class":50},[36,10556,10557,10559,10561,10563],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,10558,142],{"class":141},[36,10560,145],{"class":50},[36,10562,9239],{"class":148},[36,10564,152],{"class":50},[14,10566,10567],{},[180,10568,182],{},[26,10570,10572],{"className":28,"code":10571,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[33,10573,10574],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,10575,10576,10578,10580,10582,10584,10586,10588,10590,10592,10594,10596,10598,10600,10602,10604,10606,10608],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,10577,192],{"class":50},[36,10579,211],{"class":87},[36,10581,10525],{"class":91},[36,10583,211],{"class":87},[36,10585,1213],{"class":50},[36,10587,220],{"class":87},[36,10589,1259],{"class":91},[36,10591,211],{"class":87},[36,10593,58],{"class":50},[36,10595,220],{"class":87},[36,10597,10542],{"class":91},[36,10599,211],{"class":87},[36,10601,1213],{"class":50},[36,10603,220],{"class":87},[36,10605,1259],{"class":91},[36,10607,211],{"class":87},[36,10609,69],{"class":50},[21,10611,10613,10615,10616],{"id":10612},"dict-vs",[33,10614,9154],{}," vs ",[33,10617,864],{},[14,10619,10620,10621,482,10623,10625],{},"Both ",[33,10622,9154],{},[33,10624,864],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[376,10627,495,10629,10631],{"id":10628},"use-when",[33,10630,864],{}," when:",[246,10633,10634,10637],{},[249,10635,10636],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[249,10638,10639],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[26,10641,10642],{"className":28,"code":9858,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,10643,10644],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,10645,10646,10648,10650],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,10647,9200],{"class":42},[36,10649,47],{"class":46},[36,10651,886],{"class":50},[376,10653,495,10655,10631],{"id":10654},"use-dict-when",[33,10656,9154],{},[246,10658,10659,10662,10665],{},[249,10660,10661],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[249,10663,10664],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[249,10666,10667],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[26,10669,10671],{"className":28,"code":10670,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[33,10672,10673,10710],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,10674,10675,10677,10679,10681,10683,10685,10687,10689,10691,10693,10695,10697,10699,10701,10703,10705,10707],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,10676,9200],{"class":42},[36,10678,47],{"class":46},[36,10680,9205],{"class":80},[36,10682,9688],{"class":50},[36,10684,211],{"class":87},[36,10686,294],{"class":91},[36,10688,211],{"class":87},[36,10690,58],{"class":50},[36,10692,1340],{"class":54},[36,10694,1140],{"class":50},[36,10696,1131],{"class":50},[36,10698,211],{"class":87},[36,10700,1707],{"class":91},[36,10702,211],{"class":87},[36,10704,58],{"class":50},[36,10706,61],{"class":54},[36,10708,10709],{"class":50},")])\n",[36,10711,10712,10715,10717,10719,10721,10723,10725,10727,10729,10731,10733,10735,10737,10739],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,10713,10714],{"class":42},"info ",[36,10716,47],{"class":46},[36,10718,9205],{"class":80},[36,10720,145],{"class":50},[36,10722,1250],{"class":9210},[36,10724,47],{"class":46},[36,10726,211],{"class":87},[36,10728,5043],{"class":91},[36,10730,211],{"class":87},[36,10732,58],{"class":50},[36,10734,9223],{"class":9210},[36,10736,47],{"class":46},[36,10738,9228],{"class":54},[36,10740,152],{"class":50},[14,10742,10743],{},"So:",[246,10745,10746,10751],{},[249,10747,10748,10750],{},[33,10749,864],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[249,10752,10753,10755],{},[33,10754,9154],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[14,10757,10758,10759,10763,10764,303],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[294,10760,10762],{"href":10761},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[294,10765,10767,10768,1939],{"href":10766},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[33,10769,10770],{},"get()",[21,10772,10774],{"id":10773},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[14,10776,10777,10778,303],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[33,10779,9154],{},[376,10781,10783],{"id":10782},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[14,10785,4564],{},[26,10787,10789],{"className":28,"code":10788,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[33,10790,10791,10815],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,10792,10793,10795,10797,10799,10801,10803,10805,10807,10809,10811,10813],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,10794,1328],{"class":42},[36,10796,47],{"class":46},[36,10798,1333],{"class":50},[36,10800,211],{"class":87},[36,10802,294],{"class":91},[36,10804,211],{"class":87},[36,10806,58],{"class":50},[36,10808,220],{"class":87},[36,10810,1707],{"class":91},[36,10812,211],{"class":87},[36,10814,1355],{"class":50},[36,10816,10817,10819,10821,10823,10825,10827],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,10818,9200],{"class":42},[36,10820,47],{"class":46},[36,10822,9205],{"class":80},[36,10824,145],{"class":50},[36,10826,1369],{"class":148},[36,10828,152],{"class":50},[14,10830,10831,10832,303],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[33,10833,10834],{},"('a', 1)",[14,10836,10837],{},"Correct version:",[26,10839,10841],{"className":28,"code":10840,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[33,10842,10843,10877,10891],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,10844,10845,10847,10849,10851,10853,10855,10857,10859,10861,10863,10865,10867,10869,10871,10873,10875],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,10846,1328],{"class":42},[36,10848,47],{"class":46},[36,10850,9255],{"class":50},[36,10852,211],{"class":87},[36,10854,294],{"class":91},[36,10856,211],{"class":87},[36,10858,58],{"class":50},[36,10860,1340],{"class":54},[36,10862,1140],{"class":50},[36,10864,1131],{"class":50},[36,10866,211],{"class":87},[36,10868,1707],{"class":91},[36,10870,211],{"class":87},[36,10872,58],{"class":50},[36,10874,61],{"class":54},[36,10876,9282],{"class":50},[36,10878,10879,10881,10883,10885,10887,10889],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,10880,9200],{"class":42},[36,10882,47],{"class":46},[36,10884,9205],{"class":80},[36,10886,145],{"class":50},[36,10888,1369],{"class":148},[36,10890,152],{"class":50},[36,10892,10893,10895,10897,10899],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,10894,142],{"class":141},[36,10896,145],{"class":50},[36,10898,9239],{"class":148},[36,10900,152],{"class":50},[376,10902,10904],{"id":10903},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[14,10906,10907],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[26,10909,10911],{"className":28,"code":10910,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[33,10912,10913],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,10914,10915],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,10916,10910],{"class":1617},[14,10918,10919,10920,1213],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[33,10921,47],{},[26,10923,10925],{"className":28,"code":10924,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[33,10926,10927,10949],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,10928,10929,10931,10933,10935,10937,10939,10941,10943,10945,10947],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,10930,9200],{"class":42},[36,10932,47],{"class":46},[36,10934,9205],{"class":80},[36,10936,145],{"class":50},[36,10938,1250],{"class":9210},[36,10940,47],{"class":46},[36,10942,211],{"class":87},[36,10944,5043],{"class":91},[36,10946,211],{"class":87},[36,10948,152],{"class":50},[36,10950,10951,10953,10955,10957],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,10952,142],{"class":141},[36,10954,145],{"class":50},[36,10956,9239],{"class":148},[36,10958,152],{"class":50},[376,10960,10962],{"id":10961},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[14,10964,10965],{},"This will not work:",[26,10967,10968],{"className":28,"code":10498,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,10969,10970],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,10971,10972],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,10973,10498],{"class":1617},[14,10975,10976],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[26,10978,10980],{"className":28,"code":10979,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[33,10981,10982,11006],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,10983,10984,10986,10988,10990,10992,10994,10996,10998,11000,11002,11004],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,10985,9200],{"class":42},[36,10987,47],{"class":46},[36,10989,51],{"class":50},[36,10991,211],{"class":87},[36,10993,10525],{"class":91},[36,10995,211],{"class":87},[36,10997,1213],{"class":50},[36,10999,220],{"class":87},[36,11001,1259],{"class":91},[36,11003,211],{"class":87},[36,11005,69],{"class":50},[36,11007,11008,11010,11012,11014],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,11009,142],{"class":141},[36,11011,145],{"class":50},[36,11013,9239],{"class":148},[36,11015,152],{"class":50},[376,11017,11019],{"id":11018},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[14,11021,11022],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[26,11024,11026],{"className":28,"code":11025,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[33,11027,11028,11064],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,11029,11030,11032,11034,11036,11038,11040,11042,11044,11046,11048,11050,11052,11054,11056,11058,11060,11062],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,11031,9200],{"class":42},[36,11033,47],{"class":46},[36,11035,9205],{"class":80},[36,11037,9688],{"class":50},[36,11039,211],{"class":87},[36,11041,2222],{"class":91},[36,11043,211],{"class":87},[36,11045,58],{"class":50},[36,11047,1340],{"class":54},[36,11049,1140],{"class":50},[36,11051,1131],{"class":50},[36,11053,211],{"class":87},[36,11055,2222],{"class":91},[36,11057,211],{"class":87},[36,11059,58],{"class":50},[36,11061,61],{"class":54},[36,11063,10709],{"class":50},[36,11065,11066,11068,11070,11072],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,11067,142],{"class":141},[36,11069,145],{"class":50},[36,11071,9239],{"class":148},[36,11073,152],{"class":50},[14,11075,11076],{},[180,11077,182],{},[26,11079,11081],{"className":28,"code":11080,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'x': 2}\n",[33,11082,11083],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,11084,11085,11087,11089,11091,11093,11095,11097],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,11086,192],{"class":50},[36,11088,211],{"class":87},[36,11090,2222],{"class":91},[36,11092,211],{"class":87},[36,11094,1213],{"class":50},[36,11096,61],{"class":54},[36,11098,69],{"class":50},[14,11100,11101,11102,303],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[294,11103,11105],{"href":11104},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[21,11107,1455],{"id":1454},[14,11109,11110,11111,11113],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[33,11112,9154],{}," include:",[246,11115,11116,11126,11132,11135],{},[249,11117,11118,11119,11122,11123],{},"passing a list like ",[33,11120,11121],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[33,11124,11125],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[249,11127,11128,11129],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[33,11130,11131],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[249,11133,11134],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[249,11136,11137,11138,11140],{},"confusing ",[33,11139,9154],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[14,11142,11143],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[26,11145,11147],{"className":28,"code":11146,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[33,11148,11149,11163,11173,11184],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,11150,11151,11153,11155,11157,11159,11161],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,11152,142],{"class":141},[36,11154,145],{"class":50},[36,11156,818],{"class":80},[36,11158,145],{"class":50},[36,11160,9239],{"class":148},[36,11162,445],{"class":50},[36,11164,11165,11167,11169,11171],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,11166,142],{"class":141},[36,11168,145],{"class":50},[36,11170,9239],{"class":148},[36,11172,152],{"class":50},[36,11174,11175,11177,11179,11182],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,11176,142],{"class":141},[36,11178,145],{"class":50},[36,11180,11181],{"class":148},"list_of_pairs",[36,11183,152],{"class":50},[36,11185,11186,11188,11190,11192,11194,11196],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,11187,142],{"class":141},[36,11189,145],{"class":50},[36,11191,438],{"class":141},[36,11193,145],{"class":50},[36,11195,11181],{"class":148},[36,11197,445],{"class":50},[14,11199,11200],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[246,11202,11203,11206,11209],{},[249,11204,11205],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[249,11207,11208],{},"what data is being passed in",[249,11210,11211],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[21,11213,1872],{"id":1871},[376,11215,5220,11217,482,11219,2541],{"id":11216},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[33,11218,9154],{},[33,11220,864],{},[14,11222,11223,11225,11226,11228],{},[33,11224,864],{}," is the short literal form. ",[33,11227,9154],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[376,11230,5210,11232,11234],{"id":11231},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[33,11233,9154],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[14,11236,11237,11238,303],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[33,11239,11125],{},[376,11241,5198,11243,11246],{"id":11242},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[33,11244,11245],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[14,11248,11249],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[376,11251,11253,11254,11256],{"id":11252},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[33,11255,9154],{}," keyword arguments?",[14,11258,11259,11260,11263],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[33,11261,11262],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[21,11265,1923],{"id":1922},[246,11267,11268,11273,11277,11282,11288],{},[249,11269,11270],{},[294,11271,11272],{"href":9422},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[249,11274,11275],{},[294,11276,9190],{"href":9189},[249,11278,11279],{},[294,11280,11281],{"href":10761},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[249,11283,11284],{},[294,11285,10767,11286,1939],{"href":10766},[33,11287,10770],{},[249,11289,11290],{},[294,11291,11292],{"href":11104},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1962,11294,11295],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":11297},[11298,11300,11306,11307,11308,11309,11316,11322,11323,11333],{"id":9376,"depth":72,"text":11299},"What dict() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205,"children":11301},[11302,11303,11304,11305],{"id":9433,"depth":118,"text":9434},{"id":9474,"depth":118,"text":9475},{"id":9578,"depth":118,"text":9579},{"id":9668,"depth":118,"text":9669},{"id":9781,"depth":72,"text":9434},{"id":9884,"depth":72,"text":9885},{"id":10307,"depth":72,"text":10308},{"id":10612,"depth":72,"text":11310,"children":11311},"dict() vs {}",[11312,11314],{"id":10628,"depth":118,"text":11313},"Use {} when:",{"id":10654,"depth":118,"text":11315},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10773,"depth":72,"text":10774,"children":11317},[11318,11319,11320,11321],{"id":10782,"depth":118,"text":10783},{"id":10903,"depth":118,"text":10904},{"id":10961,"depth":118,"text":10962},{"id":11018,"depth":118,"text":11019},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":11324},[11325,11327,11329,11331],{"id":11216,"depth":118,"text":11326},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11231,"depth":118,"text":11328},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11242,"depth":118,"text":11330},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11252,"depth":118,"text":11332},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9146,"description":11334},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11341,"title":11342,"body":11343,"description":12853,"extension":2009,"meta":12854,"navigation":134,"path":12855,"seo":12856,"stem":12857,"__hash__":12858},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11344,"toc":12822},[11345,11353,11359,11366,11368,11429,11434,11439,11444,11462,11465,11469,11471,11486,11489,11502,11506,11509,11643,11645,11712,11715,11731,11737,11743,11746,11827,11829,11843,11847,11853,11918,11920,11928,11931,11954,11960,12023,12029,12032,12046,12059,12063,12074,12079,12090,12097,12101,12107,12229,12231,12257,12260,12277,12280,12391,12393,12442,12444,12457,12466,12471,12476,12487,12489,12592,12615,12617,12621,12640,12643,12701,12704,12730,12732,12739,12742,12748,12752,12759,12767,12773,12776,12778,12819],[10,11346,11348,11349,11352],{"id":11347},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[33,11350,11351],{},"clear()"," Method",[14,11354,11355,11358],{},[33,11356,11357],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[14,11360,11361,11362,11365],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[180,11363,11364],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[21,11367,2051],{"id":2050},[26,11369,11371],{"className":28,"code":11370,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[33,11372,11373,11405,11416],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,11374,11375,11377,11379,11381,11383,11385,11387,11389,11391,11393,11395,11397,11399,11401,11403],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,11376,9200],{"class":42},[36,11378,47],{"class":46},[36,11380,51],{"class":50},[36,11382,88],{"class":87},[36,11384,294],{"class":91},[36,11386,88],{"class":87},[36,11388,1213],{"class":50},[36,11390,1340],{"class":54},[36,11392,58],{"class":50},[36,11394,99],{"class":87},[36,11396,1707],{"class":91},[36,11398,88],{"class":87},[36,11400,1213],{"class":50},[36,11402,61],{"class":54},[36,11404,69],{"class":50},[36,11406,11407,11409,11411,11414],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,11408,9239],{"class":42},[36,11410,303],{"class":50},[36,11412,11413],{"class":148},"clear",[36,11415,128],{"class":50},[36,11417,11418,11420,11422,11424,11426],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,11419,142],{"class":141},[36,11421,145],{"class":50},[36,11423,9239],{"class":148},[36,11425,3703],{"class":50},[36,11427,11428],{"class":1617},"  # {}\n",[14,11430,11431,11433],{},[33,11432,11351],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[21,11435,3720,11437,3723],{"id":11436},"what-clear-does",[33,11438,11351],{},[14,11440,2026,11441,11443],{},[33,11442,11351],{}," method:",[246,11445,11446,11449,11452,11457],{},[249,11447,11448],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[249,11450,11451],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[249,11453,11454,11455],{},"Returns ",[33,11456,3822],{},[249,11458,11459,11460],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[33,11461,864],{},[14,11463,11464],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[14,11466,9186,11467,303],{},[294,11468,9190],{"href":9189},[21,11470,2205],{"id":2204},[26,11472,11474],{"className":28,"code":11473,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_dict.clear()\n",[33,11475,11476],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,11477,11478,11480,11482,11484],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,11479,1747],{"class":42},[36,11481,303],{"class":50},[36,11483,11413],{"class":148},[36,11485,128],{"class":50},[14,11487,11488],{},"Important points:",[246,11490,11491,11496,11499],{},[249,11492,11493,11495],{},[33,11494,11351],{}," takes no arguments",[249,11497,11498],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[249,11500,11501],{},"It empties that dictionary",[21,11503,11505],{"id":11504},"simple-example","Simple example",[14,11507,11508],{},"Here is a basic example:",[26,11510,11512],{"className":28,"code":11511,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[33,11513,11514,11524,11545,11559,11576,11580,11584,11604,11608,11619,11623],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,11515,11516,11519,11521],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,11517,11518],{"class":42},"user ",[36,11520,47],{"class":46},[36,11522,11523],{"class":50}," {\n",[36,11525,11526,11529,11531,11533,11535,11537,11540,11542],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,11527,11528],{"class":87},"    \"",[36,11530,1250],{"class":91},[36,11532,88],{"class":87},[36,11534,1213],{"class":50},[36,11536,99],{"class":87},[36,11538,11539],{"class":91},"Maya",[36,11541,88],{"class":87},[36,11543,11544],{"class":50},",\n",[36,11546,11547,11549,11551,11553,11555,11557],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,11548,11528],{"class":87},[36,11550,9331],{"class":91},[36,11552,88],{"class":87},[36,11554,1213],{"class":50},[36,11556,9338],{"class":54},[36,11558,11544],{"class":50},[36,11560,11561,11563,11565,11567,11569,11571,11574],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,11562,11528],{"class":87},[36,11564,10439],{"class":91},[36,11566,88],{"class":87},[36,11568,1213],{"class":50},[36,11570,99],{"class":87},[36,11572,11573],{"class":91},"Berlin",[36,11575,3403],{"class":87},[36,11577,11578],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,11579,69],{"class":50},[36,11581,11582],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,11583,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,11585,11586,11588,11590,11592,11595,11597,11599,11602],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,11587,142],{"class":141},[36,11589,145],{"class":50},[36,11591,88],{"class":87},[36,11593,11594],{"class":91},"Before:",[36,11596,88],{"class":87},[36,11598,58],{"class":50},[36,11600,11601],{"class":148}," user",[36,11603,152],{"class":50},[36,11605,11606],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,11607,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,11609,11610,11613,11615,11617],{"class":38,"line":6471},[36,11611,11612],{"class":42},"user",[36,11614,303],{"class":50},[36,11616,11413],{"class":148},[36,11618,128],{"class":50},[36,11620,11621],{"class":38,"line":6476},[36,11622,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,11624,11626,11628,11630,11632,11635,11637,11639,11641],{"class":38,"line":11625},11,[36,11627,142],{"class":141},[36,11629,145],{"class":50},[36,11631,88],{"class":87},[36,11633,11634],{"class":91},"After:",[36,11636,88],{"class":87},[36,11638,58],{"class":50},[36,11640,11601],{"class":148},[36,11642,152],{"class":50},[14,11644,5598],{},[26,11646,11648],{"className":28,"code":11647,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[33,11649,11650,11703],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,11651,11652,11655,11657,11659,11661,11663,11665,11667,11669,11671,11673,11675,11677,11679,11681,11683,11685,11687,11689,11691,11693,11695,11697,11699,11701],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,11653,11654],{"class":42},"Before",[36,11656,1213],{"class":50},[36,11658,51],{"class":50},[36,11660,211],{"class":87},[36,11662,1250],{"class":91},[36,11664,211],{"class":87},[36,11666,1213],{"class":50},[36,11668,220],{"class":87},[36,11670,11539],{"class":91},[36,11672,211],{"class":87},[36,11674,58],{"class":50},[36,11676,220],{"class":87},[36,11678,9331],{"class":91},[36,11680,211],{"class":87},[36,11682,1213],{"class":50},[36,11684,9338],{"class":54},[36,11686,58],{"class":50},[36,11688,220],{"class":87},[36,11690,10439],{"class":91},[36,11692,211],{"class":87},[36,11694,1213],{"class":50},[36,11696,220],{"class":87},[36,11698,11573],{"class":91},[36,11700,211],{"class":87},[36,11702,69],{"class":50},[36,11704,11705,11708,11710],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,11706,11707],{"class":42},"After",[36,11709,1213],{"class":50},[36,11711,886],{"class":50},[14,11713,11714],{},"What happens here:",[246,11716,11717,11722,11728],{},[249,11718,11719,11721],{},[33,11720,11612],{}," starts with three items",[249,11723,11724,11727],{},[33,11725,11726],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[249,11729,11730],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[21,11732,3720,11734,11736],{"id":11733},"what-clear-returns",[33,11735,11351],{}," returns",[14,11738,11739,2448,11741,303],{},[33,11740,11351],{},[33,11742,3822],{},[14,11744,11745],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[26,11747,11749],{"className":28,"code":11748,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[33,11750,11751,11784,11788,11803,11807,11817],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,11752,11753,11755,11757,11759,11761,11763,11765,11767,11769,11771,11773,11776,11778,11780,11782],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,11754,1686],{"class":42},[36,11756,47],{"class":46},[36,11758,51],{"class":50},[36,11760,88],{"class":87},[36,11762,2222],{"class":91},[36,11764,88],{"class":87},[36,11766,1213],{"class":50},[36,11768,1340],{"class":54},[36,11770,58],{"class":50},[36,11772,99],{"class":87},[36,11774,11775],{"class":91},"y",[36,11777,88],{"class":87},[36,11779,1213],{"class":50},[36,11781,61],{"class":54},[36,11783,69],{"class":50},[36,11785,11786],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,11787,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,11789,11790,11792,11794,11797,11799,11801],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,11791,2280],{"class":42},[36,11793,47],{"class":46},[36,11795,11796],{"class":42}," my_dict",[36,11798,303],{"class":50},[36,11800,11413],{"class":148},[36,11802,128],{"class":50},[36,11804,11805],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,11806,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,11808,11809,11811,11813,11815],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,11810,142],{"class":141},[36,11812,145],{"class":50},[36,11814,2315],{"class":148},[36,11816,152],{"class":50},[36,11818,11819,11821,11823,11825],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,11820,142],{"class":141},[36,11822,145],{"class":50},[36,11824,1747],{"class":148},[36,11826,152],{"class":50},[14,11828,182],{},[26,11830,11832],{"className":28,"code":11831,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"None\n{}\n",[33,11833,11834,11839],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,11835,11836],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,11837,11838],{"class":1143},"None\n",[36,11840,11841],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,11842,925],{"class":50},[376,11844,11846],{"id":11845},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[14,11848,11849,11850,11852],{},"Do ",[180,11851,870],{}," do this:",[26,11854,11856],{"className":28,"code":11855,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[33,11857,11858,11890,11904,11908],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,11859,11860,11862,11864,11866,11868,11870,11872,11874,11876,11878,11880,11882,11884,11886,11888],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,11861,1686],{"class":42},[36,11863,47],{"class":46},[36,11865,51],{"class":50},[36,11867,88],{"class":87},[36,11869,2222],{"class":91},[36,11871,88],{"class":87},[36,11873,1213],{"class":50},[36,11875,1340],{"class":54},[36,11877,58],{"class":50},[36,11879,99],{"class":87},[36,11881,11775],{"class":91},[36,11883,88],{"class":87},[36,11885,1213],{"class":50},[36,11887,61],{"class":54},[36,11889,69],{"class":50},[36,11891,11892,11894,11896,11898,11900,11902],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,11893,1686],{"class":42},[36,11895,47],{"class":46},[36,11897,11796],{"class":42},[36,11899,303],{"class":50},[36,11901,11413],{"class":148},[36,11903,128],{"class":50},[36,11905,11906],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,11907,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,11909,11910,11912,11914,11916],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,11911,142],{"class":141},[36,11913,145],{"class":50},[36,11915,1747],{"class":148},[36,11917,152],{"class":50},[14,11919,182],{},[26,11921,11922],{"className":28,"code":11838,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,11923,11924],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,11925,11926],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,11927,11838],{"class":1143},[14,11929,11930],{},"Why this happens:",[246,11932,11933,11939,11944],{},[249,11934,11935,11938],{},[33,11936,11937],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[249,11940,11941,11942],{},"The method returns ",[33,11943,3822],{},[249,11945,11946,11947,11950,11951,11953],{},"Then ",[33,11948,11949],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[33,11952,3822],{}," in the variable",[14,11955,11956,11957,11959],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[33,11958,11351],{}," by itself:",[26,11961,11963],{"className":28,"code":11962,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[33,11964,11965,11997,12007,12011],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,11966,11967,11969,11971,11973,11975,11977,11979,11981,11983,11985,11987,11989,11991,11993,11995],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,11968,1686],{"class":42},[36,11970,47],{"class":46},[36,11972,51],{"class":50},[36,11974,88],{"class":87},[36,11976,2222],{"class":91},[36,11978,88],{"class":87},[36,11980,1213],{"class":50},[36,11982,1340],{"class":54},[36,11984,58],{"class":50},[36,11986,99],{"class":87},[36,11988,11775],{"class":91},[36,11990,88],{"class":87},[36,11992,1213],{"class":50},[36,11994,61],{"class":54},[36,11996,69],{"class":50},[36,11998,11999,12001,12003,12005],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,12000,1747],{"class":42},[36,12002,303],{"class":50},[36,12004,11413],{"class":148},[36,12006,128],{"class":50},[36,12008,12009],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,12010,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,12012,12013,12015,12017,12019,12021],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,12014,142],{"class":141},[36,12016,145],{"class":50},[36,12018,1747],{"class":148},[36,12020,3703],{"class":50},[36,12022,11428],{"class":1617},[21,12024,12026,12028],{"id":12025},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[33,12027,11351],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[14,12030,12031],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[26,12033,12034],{"className":28,"code":11473,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,12035,12036],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,12037,12038,12040,12042,12044],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,12039,1747],{"class":42},[36,12041,303],{"class":50},[36,12043,11413],{"class":148},[36,12045,128],{"class":50},[26,12047,12049],{"className":28,"code":12048,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_dict = {}\n",[33,12050,12051],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,12052,12053,12055,12057],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,12054,1686],{"class":42},[36,12056,47],{"class":46},[36,12058,886],{"class":50},[376,12060,12061],{"id":11413},[33,12062,11351],{},[246,12064,12065,12068,12071],{},[249,12066,12067],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[249,12069,12070],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[249,12072,12073],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[376,12075,12076],{"id":1747},[33,12077,12078],{},"my_dict = {}",[246,12080,12081,12084,12087],{},[249,12082,12083],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[249,12085,12086],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[249,12088,12089],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[14,12091,12092,12093,303],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[294,12094,12096],{"href":12095},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[21,12098,12100],{"id":12099},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[14,12102,12103,12104,12106],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[33,12105,11351],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[26,12108,12110],{"className":28,"code":12109,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[33,12111,12112,12145,12155,12159,12170,12174,12194,12214],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,12113,12114,12117,12119,12121,12123,12125,12127,12129,12131,12133,12135,12137,12139,12141,12143],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,12115,12116],{"class":42},"original ",[36,12118,47],{"class":46},[36,12120,51],{"class":50},[36,12122,88],{"class":87},[36,12124,294],{"class":91},[36,12126,88],{"class":87},[36,12128,1213],{"class":50},[36,12130,1340],{"class":54},[36,12132,58],{"class":50},[36,12134,99],{"class":87},[36,12136,1707],{"class":91},[36,12138,88],{"class":87},[36,12140,1213],{"class":50},[36,12142,61],{"class":54},[36,12144,69],{"class":50},[36,12146,12147,12150,12152],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,12148,12149],{"class":42},"other_ref ",[36,12151,47],{"class":46},[36,12153,12154],{"class":42}," original\n",[36,12156,12157],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,12158,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,12160,12161,12164,12166,12168],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,12162,12163],{"class":42},"original",[36,12165,303],{"class":50},[36,12167,11413],{"class":148},[36,12169,128],{"class":50},[36,12171,12172],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,12173,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,12175,12176,12178,12180,12182,12185,12187,12189,12192],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,12177,142],{"class":141},[36,12179,145],{"class":50},[36,12181,88],{"class":87},[36,12183,12184],{"class":91},"original:",[36,12186,88],{"class":87},[36,12188,58],{"class":50},[36,12190,12191],{"class":148}," original",[36,12193,152],{"class":50},[36,12195,12196,12198,12200,12202,12205,12207,12209,12212],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,12197,142],{"class":141},[36,12199,145],{"class":50},[36,12201,88],{"class":87},[36,12203,12204],{"class":91},"other_ref:",[36,12206,88],{"class":87},[36,12208,58],{"class":50},[36,12210,12211],{"class":148}," other_ref",[36,12213,152],{"class":50},[36,12215,12216,12218,12220,12222,12225,12227],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,12217,142],{"class":141},[36,12219,145],{"class":50},[36,12221,12116],{"class":148},[36,12223,12224],{"class":3917},"is",[36,12226,12211],{"class":148},[36,12228,152],{"class":50},[14,12230,182],{},[26,12232,12234],{"className":28,"code":12233,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[33,12235,12236,12244,12253],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,12237,12238,12240,12242],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,12239,12163],{"class":42},[36,12241,1213],{"class":50},[36,12243,886],{"class":50},[36,12245,12246,12249,12251],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,12247,12248],{"class":42},"other_ref",[36,12250,1213],{"class":50},[36,12252,886],{"class":50},[36,12254,12255],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,12256,4020],{"class":1143},[14,12258,12259],{},"This shows:",[246,12261,12262,12269,12274],{},[249,12263,12264,482,12266,12268],{},[33,12265,12163],{},[33,12267,12248],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[249,12270,12271,12273],{},[33,12272,11351],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[249,12275,12276],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[14,12278,12279],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[26,12281,12283],{"className":28,"code":12282,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[33,12284,12285,12317,12325,12329,12337,12341,12359,12377],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,12286,12287,12289,12291,12293,12295,12297,12299,12301,12303,12305,12307,12309,12311,12313,12315],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,12288,12116],{"class":42},[36,12290,47],{"class":46},[36,12292,51],{"class":50},[36,12294,88],{"class":87},[36,12296,294],{"class":91},[36,12298,88],{"class":87},[36,12300,1213],{"class":50},[36,12302,1340],{"class":54},[36,12304,58],{"class":50},[36,12306,99],{"class":87},[36,12308,1707],{"class":91},[36,12310,88],{"class":87},[36,12312,1213],{"class":50},[36,12314,61],{"class":54},[36,12316,69],{"class":50},[36,12318,12319,12321,12323],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,12320,12149],{"class":42},[36,12322,47],{"class":46},[36,12324,12154],{"class":42},[36,12326,12327],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,12328,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,12330,12331,12333,12335],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,12332,12116],{"class":42},[36,12334,47],{"class":46},[36,12336,886],{"class":50},[36,12338,12339],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,12340,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,12342,12343,12345,12347,12349,12351,12353,12355,12357],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,12344,142],{"class":141},[36,12346,145],{"class":50},[36,12348,88],{"class":87},[36,12350,12184],{"class":91},[36,12352,88],{"class":87},[36,12354,58],{"class":50},[36,12356,12191],{"class":148},[36,12358,152],{"class":50},[36,12360,12361,12363,12365,12367,12369,12371,12373,12375],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,12362,142],{"class":141},[36,12364,145],{"class":50},[36,12366,88],{"class":87},[36,12368,12204],{"class":91},[36,12370,88],{"class":87},[36,12372,58],{"class":50},[36,12374,12211],{"class":148},[36,12376,152],{"class":50},[36,12378,12379,12381,12383,12385,12387,12389],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,12380,142],{"class":141},[36,12382,145],{"class":50},[36,12384,12116],{"class":148},[36,12386,12224],{"class":3917},[36,12388,12211],{"class":148},[36,12390,152],{"class":50},[14,12392,182],{},[26,12394,12396],{"className":28,"code":12395,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[33,12397,12398,12406,12438],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,12399,12400,12402,12404],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,12401,12163],{"class":42},[36,12403,1213],{"class":50},[36,12405,886],{"class":50},[36,12407,12408,12410,12412,12414,12416,12418,12420,12422,12424,12426,12428,12430,12432,12434,12436],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,12409,12248],{"class":42},[36,12411,1213],{"class":50},[36,12413,51],{"class":50},[36,12415,211],{"class":87},[36,12417,294],{"class":91},[36,12419,211],{"class":87},[36,12421,1213],{"class":50},[36,12423,1340],{"class":54},[36,12425,58],{"class":50},[36,12427,220],{"class":87},[36,12429,1707],{"class":91},[36,12431,211],{"class":87},[36,12433,1213],{"class":50},[36,12435,61],{"class":54},[36,12437,69],{"class":50},[36,12439,12440],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,12441,4081],{"class":1143},[14,12443,2227],{},[246,12445,12446,12452],{},[249,12447,12448,12451],{},[33,12449,12450],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[249,12453,12454,12456],{},[33,12455,12248],{}," still points to the old one",[14,12458,12459,12460,303],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[294,12461,12463],{"href":12462},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[33,12464,12465],{},"dict.copy()",[21,12467,5000,12469],{"id":12468},"when-to-use-clear",[33,12470,11351],{},[14,12472,12473,12475],{},[33,12474,11351],{}," is useful when you want to:",[246,12477,12478,12481,12484],{},[249,12479,12480],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[249,12482,12483],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[249,12485,12486],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[14,12488,2257],{},[26,12490,12492],{"className":28,"code":12491,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[33,12493,12494,12503,12519,12539,12552,12556,12560,12565,12576,12580],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,12495,12496,12499,12501],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,12497,12498],{"class":42},"session_data ",[36,12500,47],{"class":46},[36,12502,11523],{"class":50},[36,12504,12505,12507,12510,12512,12514,12517],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,12506,11528],{"class":87},[36,12508,12509],{"class":91},"user_id",[36,12511,88],{"class":87},[36,12513,1213],{"class":50},[36,12515,12516],{"class":54}," 101",[36,12518,11544],{"class":50},[36,12520,12521,12523,12526,12528,12530,12532,12535,12537],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,12522,11528],{"class":87},[36,12524,12525],{"class":91},"theme",[36,12527,88],{"class":87},[36,12529,1213],{"class":50},[36,12531,99],{"class":87},[36,12533,12534],{"class":91},"dark",[36,12536,88],{"class":87},[36,12538,11544],{"class":50},[36,12540,12541,12543,12546,12548,12550],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,12542,11528],{"class":87},[36,12544,12545],{"class":91},"logged_in",[36,12547,88],{"class":87},[36,12549,1213],{"class":50},[36,12551,6462],{"class":1143},[36,12553,12554],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,12555,69],{"class":50},[36,12557,12558],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,12559,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,12561,12562],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,12563,12564],{"class":1617},"# Reset for a new session\n",[36,12566,12567,12570,12572,12574],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,12568,12569],{"class":42},"session_data",[36,12571,303],{"class":50},[36,12573,11413],{"class":148},[36,12575,128],{"class":50},[36,12577,12578],{"class":38,"line":6471},[36,12579,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,12581,12582,12584,12586,12588,12590],{"class":38,"line":6476},[36,12583,142],{"class":141},[36,12585,145],{"class":50},[36,12587,12569],{"class":148},[36,12589,3703],{"class":50},[36,12591,11428],{"class":1617},[14,12593,12594,12595,12601,12602,303,12606,12608,12609,303],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[294,12596,12598],{"href":12597},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[33,12599,12600],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[294,12603,12605],{"href":12604},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9876,12607],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[294,12610,12612],{"href":12611},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[33,12613,12614],{},"dict.popitem()",[21,12616,1455],{"id":1454},[14,12618,10777,12619,1213],{},[33,12620,11351],{},[246,12622,12623,12629,12634,12637],{},[249,12624,12625,12626,12628],{},"Assigning the result of ",[33,12627,11351],{}," to a variable",[249,12630,8489,12631,12633],{},[33,12632,11351],{}," to return a new dictionary",[249,12635,12636],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[249,12638,12639],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[14,12641,12642],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[26,12644,12646],{"className":28,"code":12645,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[33,12647,12648,12658,12672,12687],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,12649,12650,12652,12654,12656],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,12651,142],{"class":141},[36,12653,145],{"class":50},[36,12655,1747],{"class":148},[36,12657,152],{"class":50},[36,12659,12660,12662,12664,12666,12668,12670],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,12661,142],{"class":141},[36,12663,145],{"class":50},[36,12665,818],{"class":80},[36,12667,145],{"class":50},[36,12669,1747],{"class":148},[36,12671,445],{"class":50},[36,12673,12674,12676,12678,12681,12683,12685],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,12675,142],{"class":141},[36,12677,145],{"class":50},[36,12679,12680],{"class":141},"id",[36,12682,145],{"class":50},[36,12684,1747],{"class":148},[36,12686,445],{"class":50},[36,12688,12689,12691,12693,12695,12697,12699],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,12690,142],{"class":141},[36,12692,145],{"class":50},[36,12694,12149],{"class":148},[36,12696,12224],{"class":3917},[36,12698,11796],{"class":148},[36,12700,152],{"class":50},[14,12702,12703],{},"What these show:",[246,12705,12706,12712,12718,12724],{},[249,12707,12708,12711],{},[33,12709,12710],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[249,12713,12714,12717],{},[33,12715,12716],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[249,12719,12720,12723],{},[33,12721,12722],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[249,12725,12726,12729],{},[33,12727,12728],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[21,12731,1872],{"id":1871},[376,12733,12735,12736,12738],{"id":12734},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[33,12737,11351],{}," delete the dictionary?",[14,12740,12741],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[376,12743,5182,12745,12747],{"id":12744},"what-does-dictclear-return",[33,12746,11357],{}," return?",[14,12749,5188,12750,303],{},[33,12751,3822],{},[376,12753,5220,12755,482,12757,2541],{"id":12754},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[33,12756,11351],{},[33,12758,864],{},[14,12760,12761,12763,12764,12766],{},[33,12762,11351],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[33,12765,864],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[376,12768,12735,12770,12772],{"id":12769},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[33,12771,11351],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[14,12774,12775],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[21,12777,1923],{"id":1922},[246,12779,12780,12784,12788,12795,12802,12809,12814],{},[249,12781,12782],{},[294,12783,9190],{"href":9189},[249,12785,12786],{},[294,12787,11272],{"href":9422},[249,12789,12790],{},[294,12791,10767,12792,1939],{"href":12597},[33,12793,12794],{},"pop()",[249,12796,12797],{},[294,12798,10767,12799,1939],{"href":12611},[33,12800,12801],{},"popitem()",[249,12803,12804],{},[294,12805,10767,12806,1939],{"href":12462},[33,12807,12808],{},"copy()",[249,12810,12811],{},[294,12812,12813],{"href":12095},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[249,12815,12816],{},[294,12817,12818],{"href":12604},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1962,12820,12821],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":12823},[12824,12825,12827,12828,12829,12833,12838,12839,12841,12842,12852],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":11436,"depth":72,"text":12826},"What clear() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":11504,"depth":72,"text":11505},{"id":11733,"depth":72,"text":12830,"children":12831},"What clear() returns",[12832],{"id":11845,"depth":118,"text":11846},{"id":12025,"depth":72,"text":12834,"children":12835},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12836,12837],{"id":11413,"depth":118,"text":11351},{"id":1747,"depth":118,"text":12078},{"id":12099,"depth":72,"text":12100},{"id":12468,"depth":72,"text":12840},"When to use clear()",{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":12843},[12844,12846,12848,12850],{"id":12734,"depth":118,"text":12845},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12744,"depth":118,"text":12847},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12754,"depth":118,"text":12849},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12769,"depth":118,"text":12851},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11342,"description":12853},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12860,"title":12861,"body":12862,"description":15030,"extension":2009,"meta":15031,"navigation":134,"path":15032,"seo":15033,"stem":15034,"__hash__":15035},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12863,"toc":15002},[12864,12869,12874,12884,12886,12975,12979,13020,13025,13032,13050,13059,13061,13082,13085,13097,13099,13178,13182,13223,13225,13228,13356,13360,13440,13443,13461,13464,13468,13474,13476,13487,13489,13684,13688,13793,13796,13814,13817,13824,13829,13833,13847,13849,13976,13980,14060,14073,14079,14082,14090,14094,14220,14224,14298,14303,14434,14438,14512,14515,14529,14533,14537,14551,14553,14689,14693,14762,14764,14769,14791,14794,14901,14904,14915,14922,14924,14930,14933,14940,14943,14950,14958,14962,14965,14967,14999],[10,12865,11348,12867,11352],{"id":12866},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[33,12868,12808],{},[14,12870,12871,12873],{},[33,12872,12465],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[14,12875,12876,12877,12879,12880,12883],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[33,12878,12808],{}," makes a ",[180,12881,12882],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[21,12885,2051],{"id":2050},[26,12887,12889],{"className":28,"code":12888,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[33,12890,12891,12929,12946,12950,12961],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,12892,12893,12896,12898,12900,12902,12904,12906,12908,12910,12913,12915,12917,12919,12921,12923,12925,12927],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,12894,12895],{"class":42},"student ",[36,12897,47],{"class":46},[36,12899,51],{"class":50},[36,12901,88],{"class":87},[36,12903,1250],{"class":91},[36,12905,88],{"class":87},[36,12907,1213],{"class":50},[36,12909,99],{"class":87},[36,12911,12912],{"class":91},"Ana",[36,12914,88],{"class":87},[36,12916,58],{"class":50},[36,12918,99],{"class":87},[36,12920,9331],{"class":91},[36,12922,88],{"class":87},[36,12924,1213],{"class":50},[36,12926,636],{"class":54},[36,12928,69],{"class":50},[36,12930,12931,12934,12936,12939,12941,12944],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,12932,12933],{"class":42},"student_copy ",[36,12935,47],{"class":46},[36,12937,12938],{"class":42}," student",[36,12940,303],{"class":50},[36,12942,12943],{"class":148},"copy",[36,12945,128],{"class":50},[36,12947,12948],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,12949,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,12951,12952,12954,12956,12959],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,12953,142],{"class":141},[36,12955,145],{"class":50},[36,12957,12958],{"class":148},"student_copy",[36,12960,152],{"class":50},[36,12962,12963,12965,12967,12969,12971,12973],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,12964,142],{"class":141},[36,12966,145],{"class":50},[36,12968,12933],{"class":148},[36,12970,12224],{"class":3917},[36,12972,12938],{"class":148},[36,12974,152],{"class":50},[14,12976,12977],{},[180,12978,182],{},[26,12980,12982],{"className":28,"code":12981,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[33,12983,12984,13016],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,12985,12986,12988,12990,12992,12994,12996,12998,13000,13002,13004,13006,13008,13010,13012,13014],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,12987,192],{"class":50},[36,12989,211],{"class":87},[36,12991,1250],{"class":91},[36,12993,211],{"class":87},[36,12995,1213],{"class":50},[36,12997,220],{"class":87},[36,12999,12912],{"class":91},[36,13001,211],{"class":87},[36,13003,58],{"class":50},[36,13005,220],{"class":87},[36,13007,9331],{"class":91},[36,13009,211],{"class":87},[36,13011,1213],{"class":50},[36,13013,636],{"class":54},[36,13015,69],{"class":50},[36,13017,13018],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,13019,4081],{"class":1143},[14,13021,495,13022,13024],{},[33,13023,12808],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[21,13026,13028,13029,13031],{"id":13027},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[33,13030,12808],{}," method does",[246,13033,13034,13039,13042,13047],{},[249,13035,13036,13038],{},[33,13037,12465],{}," returns a new dictionary",[249,13040,13041],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[249,13043,13044,13045],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[33,13046,12808],{},[249,13048,13049],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[14,13051,13052,13053,298,13056,303],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[294,13054,9190],{"href":13055},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[294,13057,9423],{"href":13058},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[21,13060,2205],{"id":2204},[26,13062,13064],{"className":28,"code":13063,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[33,13065,13066],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,13067,13068,13071,13073,13076,13078,13080],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,13069,13070],{"class":42},"new_dict ",[36,13072,47],{"class":46},[36,13074,13075],{"class":42}," old_dict",[36,13077,303],{"class":50},[36,13079,12943],{"class":148},[36,13081,128],{"class":50},[14,13083,13084],{},"Key points:",[246,13086,13087,13091,13094],{},[249,13088,13089,11495],{},[33,13090,12808],{},[249,13092,13093],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[249,13095,13096],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[14,13098,2257],{},[26,13100,13102],{"className":28,"code":13101,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[33,13103,13104,13147,13163,13167],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,13105,13106,13109,13111,13113,13115,13117,13119,13121,13123,13126,13128,13130,13132,13134,13136,13138,13140,13143,13145],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,13107,13108],{"class":42},"colors ",[36,13110,47],{"class":46},[36,13112,51],{"class":50},[36,13114,88],{"class":87},[36,13116,294],{"class":91},[36,13118,88],{"class":87},[36,13120,1213],{"class":50},[36,13122,99],{"class":87},[36,13124,13125],{"class":91},"red",[36,13127,88],{"class":87},[36,13129,58],{"class":50},[36,13131,99],{"class":87},[36,13133,1707],{"class":91},[36,13135,88],{"class":87},[36,13137,1213],{"class":50},[36,13139,99],{"class":87},[36,13141,13142],{"class":91},"blue",[36,13144,88],{"class":87},[36,13146,69],{"class":50},[36,13148,13149,13152,13154,13157,13159,13161],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,13150,13151],{"class":42},"new_colors ",[36,13153,47],{"class":46},[36,13155,13156],{"class":42}," colors",[36,13158,303],{"class":50},[36,13160,12943],{"class":148},[36,13162,128],{"class":50},[36,13164,13165],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,13166,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,13168,13169,13171,13173,13176],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,13170,142],{"class":141},[36,13172,145],{"class":50},[36,13174,13175],{"class":148},"new_colors",[36,13177,152],{"class":50},[14,13179,13180],{},[180,13181,182],{},[26,13183,13185],{"className":28,"code":13184,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[33,13186,13187],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,13188,13189,13191,13193,13195,13197,13199,13201,13203,13205,13207,13209,13211,13213,13215,13217,13219,13221],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,13190,192],{"class":50},[36,13192,211],{"class":87},[36,13194,294],{"class":91},[36,13196,211],{"class":87},[36,13198,1213],{"class":50},[36,13200,220],{"class":87},[36,13202,13125],{"class":91},[36,13204,211],{"class":87},[36,13206,58],{"class":50},[36,13208,220],{"class":87},[36,13210,1707],{"class":91},[36,13212,211],{"class":87},[36,13214,1213],{"class":50},[36,13216,220],{"class":87},[36,13218,13142],{"class":91},[36,13220,211],{"class":87},[36,13222,69],{"class":50},[21,13224,11505],{"id":11504},[14,13226,13227],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[26,13229,13231],{"className":28,"code":13230,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[33,13232,13233,13271,13287,13291,13313,13317,13336],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,13234,13235,13238,13240,13242,13244,13246,13248,13250,13252,13255,13257,13259,13261,13263,13265,13267,13269],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,13236,13237],{"class":42},"person ",[36,13239,47],{"class":46},[36,13241,51],{"class":50},[36,13243,88],{"class":87},[36,13245,1250],{"class":91},[36,13247,88],{"class":87},[36,13249,1213],{"class":50},[36,13251,99],{"class":87},[36,13253,13254],{"class":91},"Liam",[36,13256,88],{"class":87},[36,13258,58],{"class":50},[36,13260,99],{"class":87},[36,13262,9331],{"class":91},[36,13264,88],{"class":87},[36,13266,1213],{"class":50},[36,13268,9338],{"class":54},[36,13270,69],{"class":50},[36,13272,13273,13276,13278,13281,13283,13285],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,13274,13275],{"class":42},"person_copy ",[36,13277,47],{"class":46},[36,13279,13280],{"class":42}," person",[36,13282,303],{"class":50},[36,13284,12943],{"class":148},[36,13286,128],{"class":50},[36,13288,13289],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,13290,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,13292,13293,13296,13298,13300,13302,13304,13307,13310],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,13294,13295],{"class":42},"person_copy",[36,13297,3941],{"class":50},[36,13299,88],{"class":87},[36,13301,9331],{"class":91},[36,13303,88],{"class":87},[36,13305,13306],{"class":50},"]",[36,13308,13309],{"class":46}," =",[36,13311,13312],{"class":54}," 26\n",[36,13314,13315],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,13316,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,13318,13319,13321,13323,13325,13328,13330,13332,13334],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,13320,142],{"class":141},[36,13322,145],{"class":50},[36,13324,88],{"class":87},[36,13326,13327],{"class":91},"Original:",[36,13329,88],{"class":87},[36,13331,58],{"class":50},[36,13333,13280],{"class":148},[36,13335,152],{"class":50},[36,13337,13338,13340,13342,13344,13347,13349,13351,13354],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,13339,142],{"class":141},[36,13341,145],{"class":50},[36,13343,88],{"class":87},[36,13345,13346],{"class":91},"Copy:",[36,13348,88],{"class":87},[36,13350,58],{"class":50},[36,13352,13353],{"class":148}," person_copy",[36,13355,152],{"class":50},[14,13357,13358],{},[180,13359,182],{},[26,13361,13363],{"className":28,"code":13362,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[33,13364,13365,13402],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,13366,13367,13370,13372,13374,13376,13378,13380,13382,13384,13386,13388,13390,13392,13394,13396,13398,13400],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,13368,13369],{"class":42},"Original",[36,13371,1213],{"class":50},[36,13373,51],{"class":50},[36,13375,211],{"class":87},[36,13377,1250],{"class":91},[36,13379,211],{"class":87},[36,13381,1213],{"class":50},[36,13383,220],{"class":87},[36,13385,13254],{"class":91},[36,13387,211],{"class":87},[36,13389,58],{"class":50},[36,13391,220],{"class":87},[36,13393,9331],{"class":91},[36,13395,211],{"class":87},[36,13397,1213],{"class":50},[36,13399,9338],{"class":54},[36,13401,69],{"class":50},[36,13403,13404,13407,13409,13411,13413,13415,13417,13419,13421,13423,13425,13427,13429,13431,13433,13435,13438],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,13405,13406],{"class":42},"Copy",[36,13408,1213],{"class":50},[36,13410,51],{"class":50},[36,13412,211],{"class":87},[36,13414,1250],{"class":91},[36,13416,211],{"class":87},[36,13418,1213],{"class":50},[36,13420,220],{"class":87},[36,13422,13254],{"class":91},[36,13424,211],{"class":87},[36,13426,58],{"class":50},[36,13428,220],{"class":87},[36,13430,9331],{"class":91},[36,13432,211],{"class":87},[36,13434,1213],{"class":50},[36,13436,13437],{"class":54}," 26",[36,13439,69],{"class":50},[14,13441,13442],{},"What happened here:",[246,13444,13445,13451,13458],{},[249,13446,13447,13450],{},[33,13448,13449],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[249,13452,13453,13454,13457],{},"Changing ",[33,13455,13456],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[249,13459,13460],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[14,13462,13463],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[21,13465,13467],{"id":13466},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[14,13469,13470,12879,13472,303],{},[33,13471,12808],{},[180,13473,12882],{},[14,13475,2153],{},[246,13477,13478,13481,13484],{},[249,13479,13480],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[249,13482,13483],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[249,13485,13486],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[14,13488,2257],{},[26,13490,13492],{"className":28,"code":13491,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[33,13493,13494,13502,13520,13543,13547,13551,13565,13569,13594,13598,13616,13635,13650],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,13495,13496,13498,13500],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,13497,12895],{"class":42},[36,13499,47],{"class":46},[36,13501,11523],{"class":50},[36,13503,13504,13506,13508,13510,13512,13514,13516,13518],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,13505,11528],{"class":87},[36,13507,1250],{"class":91},[36,13509,88],{"class":87},[36,13511,1213],{"class":50},[36,13513,99],{"class":87},[36,13515,12912],{"class":91},[36,13517,88],{"class":87},[36,13519,11544],{"class":50},[36,13521,13522,13524,13527,13529,13531,13533,13536,13538,13541],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,13523,11528],{"class":87},[36,13525,13526],{"class":91},"grades",[36,13528,88],{"class":87},[36,13530,1213],{"class":50},[36,13532,1333],{"class":50},[36,13534,13535],{"class":54},"90",[36,13537,58],{"class":50},[36,13539,13540],{"class":54}," 85",[36,13542,1355],{"class":50},[36,13544,13545],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,13546,69],{"class":50},[36,13548,13549],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,13550,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,13552,13553,13555,13557,13559,13561,13563],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,13554,12933],{"class":42},[36,13556,47],{"class":46},[36,13558,12938],{"class":42},[36,13560,303],{"class":50},[36,13562,12943],{"class":148},[36,13564,128],{"class":50},[36,13566,13567],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,13568,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,13570,13571,13573,13575,13577,13579,13581,13584,13587,13589,13592],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,13572,12958],{"class":42},[36,13574,3941],{"class":50},[36,13576,88],{"class":87},[36,13578,13526],{"class":91},[36,13580,88],{"class":87},[36,13582,13583],{"class":50},"].",[36,13585,13586],{"class":148},"append",[36,13588,145],{"class":50},[36,13590,13591],{"class":54},"100",[36,13593,152],{"class":50},[36,13595,13596],{"class":38,"line":6471},[36,13597,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,13599,13600,13602,13604,13606,13608,13610,13612,13614],{"class":38,"line":6476},[36,13601,142],{"class":141},[36,13603,145],{"class":50},[36,13605,88],{"class":87},[36,13607,13327],{"class":91},[36,13609,88],{"class":87},[36,13611,58],{"class":50},[36,13613,12938],{"class":148},[36,13615,152],{"class":50},[36,13617,13618,13620,13622,13624,13626,13628,13630,13633],{"class":38,"line":11625},[36,13619,142],{"class":141},[36,13621,145],{"class":50},[36,13623,88],{"class":87},[36,13625,13346],{"class":91},[36,13627,88],{"class":87},[36,13629,58],{"class":50},[36,13631,13632],{"class":148}," student_copy",[36,13634,152],{"class":50},[36,13636,13638,13640,13642,13644,13646,13648],{"class":38,"line":13637},12,[36,13639,142],{"class":141},[36,13641,145],{"class":50},[36,13643,12895],{"class":148},[36,13645,12224],{"class":3917},[36,13647,13632],{"class":148},[36,13649,152],{"class":50},[36,13651,13653,13655,13657,13660,13662,13664,13666,13668,13670,13672,13674,13676,13678,13680,13682],{"class":38,"line":13652},13,[36,13654,142],{"class":141},[36,13656,145],{"class":50},[36,13658,13659],{"class":148},"student",[36,13661,3941],{"class":50},[36,13663,88],{"class":87},[36,13665,13526],{"class":91},[36,13667,88],{"class":87},[36,13669,13306],{"class":50},[36,13671,8132],{"class":3917},[36,13673,13632],{"class":148},[36,13675,3941],{"class":50},[36,13677,88],{"class":87},[36,13679,13526],{"class":91},[36,13681,88],{"class":87},[36,13683,115],{"class":50},[14,13685,13686],{},[180,13687,182],{},[26,13689,13691],{"className":28,"code":13690,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[33,13692,13693,13739,13785,13789],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,13694,13695,13697,13699,13701,13703,13705,13707,13709,13711,13713,13715,13717,13719,13721,13723,13725,13727,13729,13731,13733,13735,13737],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,13696,13369],{"class":42},[36,13698,1213],{"class":50},[36,13700,51],{"class":50},[36,13702,211],{"class":87},[36,13704,1250],{"class":91},[36,13706,211],{"class":87},[36,13708,1213],{"class":50},[36,13710,220],{"class":87},[36,13712,12912],{"class":91},[36,13714,211],{"class":87},[36,13716,58],{"class":50},[36,13718,220],{"class":87},[36,13720,13526],{"class":91},[36,13722,211],{"class":87},[36,13724,1213],{"class":50},[36,13726,1333],{"class":50},[36,13728,13535],{"class":54},[36,13730,58],{"class":50},[36,13732,13540],{"class":54},[36,13734,58],{"class":50},[36,13736,10148],{"class":54},[36,13738,1197],{"class":50},[36,13740,13741,13743,13745,13747,13749,13751,13753,13755,13757,13759,13761,13763,13765,13767,13769,13771,13773,13775,13777,13779,13781,13783],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,13742,13406],{"class":42},[36,13744,1213],{"class":50},[36,13746,51],{"class":50},[36,13748,211],{"class":87},[36,13750,1250],{"class":91},[36,13752,211],{"class":87},[36,13754,1213],{"class":50},[36,13756,220],{"class":87},[36,13758,12912],{"class":91},[36,13760,211],{"class":87},[36,13762,58],{"class":50},[36,13764,220],{"class":87},[36,13766,13526],{"class":91},[36,13768,211],{"class":87},[36,13770,1213],{"class":50},[36,13772,1333],{"class":50},[36,13774,13535],{"class":54},[36,13776,58],{"class":50},[36,13778,13540],{"class":54},[36,13780,58],{"class":50},[36,13782,10148],{"class":54},[36,13784,1197],{"class":50},[36,13786,13787],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,13788,4081],{"class":1143},[36,13790,13791],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,13792,4020],{"class":1143},[14,13794,13795],{},"Notice the difference:",[246,13797,13798,13806],{},[249,13799,13800,4822,13803,13805],{},[33,13801,13802],{},"student is student_copy",[33,13804,3716],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[249,13807,13808,4822,13811,13813],{},[33,13809,13810],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[33,13812,3649],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[14,13815,13816],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[14,13818,13819,13820,303],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[294,13821,13823],{"href":13822},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[21,13825,5000,13827],{"id":13826},"when-to-use-copy",[33,13828,12808],{},[14,13830,495,13831,10631],{},[33,13832,12808],{},[246,13834,13835,13838,13841,13844],{},[249,13836,13837],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[249,13839,13840],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[249,13842,13843],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[249,13845,13846],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[14,13848,2257],{},[26,13850,13852],{"className":28,"code":13851,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[33,13853,13854,13893,13909,13913,13933,13937,13956],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,13855,13856,13859,13861,13863,13865,13867,13869,13871,13873,13875,13877,13879,13881,13884,13886,13888,13891],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,13857,13858],{"class":42},"settings ",[36,13860,47],{"class":46},[36,13862,51],{"class":50},[36,13864,88],{"class":87},[36,13866,12525],{"class":91},[36,13868,88],{"class":87},[36,13870,1213],{"class":50},[36,13872,99],{"class":87},[36,13874,12534],{"class":91},[36,13876,88],{"class":87},[36,13878,58],{"class":50},[36,13880,99],{"class":87},[36,13882,13883],{"class":91},"font_size",[36,13885,88],{"class":87},[36,13887,1213],{"class":50},[36,13889,13890],{"class":54}," 14",[36,13892,69],{"class":50},[36,13894,13895,13898,13900,13903,13905,13907],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,13896,13897],{"class":42},"settings_backup ",[36,13899,47],{"class":46},[36,13901,13902],{"class":42}," settings",[36,13904,303],{"class":50},[36,13906,12943],{"class":148},[36,13908,128],{"class":50},[36,13910,13911],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,13912,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,13914,13915,13918,13920,13922,13924,13926,13928,13930],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,13916,13917],{"class":42},"settings",[36,13919,3941],{"class":50},[36,13921,88],{"class":87},[36,13923,13883],{"class":91},[36,13925,88],{"class":87},[36,13927,13306],{"class":50},[36,13929,13309],{"class":46},[36,13931,13932],{"class":54}," 16\n",[36,13934,13935],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,13936,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,13938,13939,13941,13943,13945,13948,13950,13952,13954],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,13940,142],{"class":141},[36,13942,145],{"class":50},[36,13944,88],{"class":87},[36,13946,13947],{"class":91},"Current:",[36,13949,88],{"class":87},[36,13951,58],{"class":50},[36,13953,13902],{"class":148},[36,13955,152],{"class":50},[36,13957,13958,13960,13962,13964,13967,13969,13971,13974],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,13959,142],{"class":141},[36,13961,145],{"class":50},[36,13963,88],{"class":87},[36,13965,13966],{"class":91},"Backup:",[36,13968,88],{"class":87},[36,13970,58],{"class":50},[36,13972,13973],{"class":148}," settings_backup",[36,13975,152],{"class":50},[14,13977,13978],{},[180,13979,182],{},[26,13981,13983],{"className":28,"code":13982,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[33,13984,13985,14023],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,13986,13987,13990,13992,13994,13996,13998,14000,14002,14004,14006,14008,14010,14012,14014,14016,14018,14021],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,13988,13989],{"class":42},"Current",[36,13991,1213],{"class":50},[36,13993,51],{"class":50},[36,13995,211],{"class":87},[36,13997,12525],{"class":91},[36,13999,211],{"class":87},[36,14001,1213],{"class":50},[36,14003,220],{"class":87},[36,14005,12534],{"class":91},[36,14007,211],{"class":87},[36,14009,58],{"class":50},[36,14011,220],{"class":87},[36,14013,13883],{"class":91},[36,14015,211],{"class":87},[36,14017,1213],{"class":50},[36,14019,14020],{"class":54}," 16",[36,14022,69],{"class":50},[36,14024,14025,14028,14030,14032,14034,14036,14038,14040,14042,14044,14046,14048,14050,14052,14054,14056,14058],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,14026,14027],{"class":42},"Backup",[36,14029,1213],{"class":50},[36,14031,51],{"class":50},[36,14033,211],{"class":87},[36,14035,12525],{"class":91},[36,14037,211],{"class":87},[36,14039,1213],{"class":50},[36,14041,220],{"class":87},[36,14043,12534],{"class":91},[36,14045,211],{"class":87},[36,14047,58],{"class":50},[36,14049,220],{"class":87},[36,14051,13883],{"class":91},[36,14053,211],{"class":87},[36,14055,1213],{"class":50},[36,14057,13890],{"class":54},[36,14059,69],{"class":50},[14,14061,14062,14063,298,14069,303],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[294,14064,14066],{"href":14065},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[33,14067,14068],{},"dict.update()",[294,14070,14071],{"href":12855},[33,14072,11357],{},[21,14074,14076,14078],{"id":14075},"copy-vs-assignment",[33,14077,12808],{}," vs assignment",[14,14080,14081],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[14,14083,1462,14084,14086,14087,14089],{},[33,14085,47],{}," does ",[180,14088,870],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[376,14091,14093],{"id":14092},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[26,14095,14097],{"className":28,"code":14096,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[33,14098,14099,14131,14140,14144,14164,14168,14186,14206],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,14100,14101,14103,14105,14107,14109,14111,14113,14115,14117,14119,14121,14123,14125,14127,14129],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,14102,12116],{"class":42},[36,14104,47],{"class":46},[36,14106,51],{"class":50},[36,14108,88],{"class":87},[36,14110,2222],{"class":91},[36,14112,88],{"class":87},[36,14114,1213],{"class":50},[36,14116,1340],{"class":54},[36,14118,58],{"class":50},[36,14120,99],{"class":87},[36,14122,11775],{"class":91},[36,14124,88],{"class":87},[36,14126,1213],{"class":50},[36,14128,61],{"class":54},[36,14130,69],{"class":50},[36,14132,14133,14136,14138],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,14134,14135],{"class":42},"assigned ",[36,14137,47],{"class":46},[36,14139,12154],{"class":42},[36,14141,14142],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,14143,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,14145,14146,14149,14151,14153,14155,14157,14159,14161],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,14147,14148],{"class":42},"assigned",[36,14150,3941],{"class":50},[36,14152,88],{"class":87},[36,14154,2222],{"class":91},[36,14156,88],{"class":87},[36,14158,13306],{"class":50},[36,14160,13309],{"class":46},[36,14162,14163],{"class":54}," 99\n",[36,14165,14166],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,14167,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,14169,14170,14172,14174,14176,14178,14180,14182,14184],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,14171,142],{"class":141},[36,14173,145],{"class":50},[36,14175,88],{"class":87},[36,14177,13327],{"class":91},[36,14179,88],{"class":87},[36,14181,58],{"class":50},[36,14183,12191],{"class":148},[36,14185,152],{"class":50},[36,14187,14188,14190,14192,14194,14197,14199,14201,14204],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,14189,142],{"class":141},[36,14191,145],{"class":50},[36,14193,88],{"class":87},[36,14195,14196],{"class":91},"Assigned:",[36,14198,88],{"class":87},[36,14200,58],{"class":50},[36,14202,14203],{"class":148}," assigned",[36,14205,152],{"class":50},[36,14207,14208,14210,14212,14214,14216,14218],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,14209,142],{"class":141},[36,14211,145],{"class":50},[36,14213,12116],{"class":148},[36,14215,12224],{"class":3917},[36,14217,14203],{"class":148},[36,14219,152],{"class":50},[14,14221,14222],{},[180,14223,182],{},[26,14225,14227],{"className":28,"code":14226,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[33,14228,14229,14261,14294],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,14230,14231,14233,14235,14237,14239,14241,14243,14245,14247,14249,14251,14253,14255,14257,14259],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,14232,13369],{"class":42},[36,14234,1213],{"class":50},[36,14236,51],{"class":50},[36,14238,211],{"class":87},[36,14240,2222],{"class":91},[36,14242,211],{"class":87},[36,14244,1213],{"class":50},[36,14246,10227],{"class":54},[36,14248,58],{"class":50},[36,14250,220],{"class":87},[36,14252,11775],{"class":91},[36,14254,211],{"class":87},[36,14256,1213],{"class":50},[36,14258,61],{"class":54},[36,14260,69],{"class":50},[36,14262,14263,14266,14268,14270,14272,14274,14276,14278,14280,14282,14284,14286,14288,14290,14292],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,14264,14265],{"class":42},"Assigned",[36,14267,1213],{"class":50},[36,14269,51],{"class":50},[36,14271,211],{"class":87},[36,14273,2222],{"class":91},[36,14275,211],{"class":87},[36,14277,1213],{"class":50},[36,14279,10227],{"class":54},[36,14281,58],{"class":50},[36,14283,220],{"class":87},[36,14285,11775],{"class":91},[36,14287,211],{"class":87},[36,14289,1213],{"class":50},[36,14291,61],{"class":54},[36,14293,69],{"class":50},[36,14295,14296],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,14297,4020],{"class":1143},[376,14299,1462,14301],{"id":14300},"using-copy",[33,14302,12808],{},[26,14304,14306],{"className":28,"code":14305,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[33,14307,14308,14340,14355,14359,14378,14382,14400,14420],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,14309,14310,14312,14314,14316,14318,14320,14322,14324,14326,14328,14330,14332,14334,14336,14338],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,14311,12116],{"class":42},[36,14313,47],{"class":46},[36,14315,51],{"class":50},[36,14317,88],{"class":87},[36,14319,2222],{"class":91},[36,14321,88],{"class":87},[36,14323,1213],{"class":50},[36,14325,1340],{"class":54},[36,14327,58],{"class":50},[36,14329,99],{"class":87},[36,14331,11775],{"class":91},[36,14333,88],{"class":87},[36,14335,1213],{"class":50},[36,14337,61],{"class":54},[36,14339,69],{"class":50},[36,14341,14342,14345,14347,14349,14351,14353],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,14343,14344],{"class":42},"copied ",[36,14346,47],{"class":46},[36,14348,12191],{"class":42},[36,14350,303],{"class":50},[36,14352,12943],{"class":148},[36,14354,128],{"class":50},[36,14356,14357],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,14358,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,14360,14361,14364,14366,14368,14370,14372,14374,14376],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,14362,14363],{"class":42},"copied",[36,14365,3941],{"class":50},[36,14367,88],{"class":87},[36,14369,2222],{"class":91},[36,14371,88],{"class":87},[36,14373,13306],{"class":50},[36,14375,13309],{"class":46},[36,14377,14163],{"class":54},[36,14379,14380],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,14381,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,14383,14384,14386,14388,14390,14392,14394,14396,14398],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,14385,142],{"class":141},[36,14387,145],{"class":50},[36,14389,88],{"class":87},[36,14391,13327],{"class":91},[36,14393,88],{"class":87},[36,14395,58],{"class":50},[36,14397,12191],{"class":148},[36,14399,152],{"class":50},[36,14401,14402,14404,14406,14408,14411,14413,14415,14418],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,14403,142],{"class":141},[36,14405,145],{"class":50},[36,14407,88],{"class":87},[36,14409,14410],{"class":91},"Copied:",[36,14412,88],{"class":87},[36,14414,58],{"class":50},[36,14416,14417],{"class":148}," copied",[36,14419,152],{"class":50},[36,14421,14422,14424,14426,14428,14430,14432],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,14423,142],{"class":141},[36,14425,145],{"class":50},[36,14427,12116],{"class":148},[36,14429,12224],{"class":3917},[36,14431,14417],{"class":148},[36,14433,152],{"class":50},[14,14435,14436],{},[180,14437,182],{},[26,14439,14441],{"className":28,"code":14440,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[33,14442,14443,14475,14508],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,14444,14445,14447,14449,14451,14453,14455,14457,14459,14461,14463,14465,14467,14469,14471,14473],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,14446,13369],{"class":42},[36,14448,1213],{"class":50},[36,14450,51],{"class":50},[36,14452,211],{"class":87},[36,14454,2222],{"class":91},[36,14456,211],{"class":87},[36,14458,1213],{"class":50},[36,14460,1340],{"class":54},[36,14462,58],{"class":50},[36,14464,220],{"class":87},[36,14466,11775],{"class":91},[36,14468,211],{"class":87},[36,14470,1213],{"class":50},[36,14472,61],{"class":54},[36,14474,69],{"class":50},[36,14476,14477,14480,14482,14484,14486,14488,14490,14492,14494,14496,14498,14500,14502,14504,14506],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,14478,14479],{"class":42},"Copied",[36,14481,1213],{"class":50},[36,14483,51],{"class":50},[36,14485,211],{"class":87},[36,14487,2222],{"class":91},[36,14489,211],{"class":87},[36,14491,1213],{"class":50},[36,14493,10227],{"class":54},[36,14495,58],{"class":50},[36,14497,220],{"class":87},[36,14499,11775],{"class":91},[36,14501,211],{"class":87},[36,14503,1213],{"class":50},[36,14505,61],{"class":54},[36,14507,69],{"class":50},[36,14509,14510],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,14511,4081],{"class":1143},[14,14513,14514],{},"Summary:",[246,14516,14517,14523],{},[249,14518,14519,14522],{},[33,14520,14521],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[249,14524,14525,14528],{},[33,14526,14527],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[21,14530,14532],{"id":14531},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[14,14534,14535,1213],{},[33,14536,12808],{},[246,14538,14539,14542,14545,14548],{},[249,14540,14541],{},"Returns a dictionary",[249,14543,14544],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[249,14546,14547],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[249,14549,14550],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[14,14552,2257],{},[26,14554,14556],{"className":28,"code":14555,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[33,14557,14558,14590,14606,14610,14628,14648,14652,14670],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,14559,14560,14562,14564,14566,14568,14570,14572,14574,14576,14578,14580,14582,14584,14586,14588],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,14561,9200],{"class":42},[36,14563,47],{"class":46},[36,14565,51],{"class":50},[36,14567,88],{"class":87},[36,14569,294],{"class":91},[36,14571,88],{"class":87},[36,14573,1213],{"class":50},[36,14575,1340],{"class":54},[36,14577,58],{"class":50},[36,14579,99],{"class":87},[36,14581,1707],{"class":91},[36,14583,88],{"class":87},[36,14585,1213],{"class":50},[36,14587,61],{"class":54},[36,14589,69],{"class":50},[36,14591,14592,14595,14597,14600,14602,14604],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,14593,14594],{"class":42},"data_copy ",[36,14596,47],{"class":46},[36,14598,14599],{"class":42}," data",[36,14601,303],{"class":50},[36,14603,12943],{"class":148},[36,14605,128],{"class":50},[36,14607,14608],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,14609,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,14611,14612,14614,14616,14618,14620,14622,14624,14626],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,14613,9239],{"class":42},[36,14615,3941],{"class":50},[36,14617,88],{"class":87},[36,14619,294],{"class":91},[36,14621,88],{"class":87},[36,14623,13306],{"class":50},[36,14625,13309],{"class":46},[36,14627,2637],{"class":54},[36,14629,14630,14633,14635,14637,14639,14641,14643,14645],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,14631,14632],{"class":42},"data_copy",[36,14634,3941],{"class":50},[36,14636,88],{"class":87},[36,14638,1707],{"class":91},[36,14640,88],{"class":87},[36,14642,13306],{"class":50},[36,14644,13309],{"class":46},[36,14646,14647],{"class":54}," 20\n",[36,14649,14650],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,14651,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,14653,14654,14656,14658,14660,14662,14664,14666,14668],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,14655,142],{"class":141},[36,14657,145],{"class":50},[36,14659,88],{"class":87},[36,14661,13327],{"class":91},[36,14663,88],{"class":87},[36,14665,58],{"class":50},[36,14667,14599],{"class":148},[36,14669,152],{"class":50},[36,14671,14672,14674,14676,14678,14680,14682,14684,14687],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,14673,142],{"class":141},[36,14675,145],{"class":50},[36,14677,88],{"class":87},[36,14679,13346],{"class":91},[36,14681,88],{"class":87},[36,14683,58],{"class":50},[36,14685,14686],{"class":148}," data_copy",[36,14688,152],{"class":50},[14,14690,14691],{},[180,14692,182],{},[26,14694,14696],{"className":28,"code":14695,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[33,14697,14698,14730],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,14699,14700,14702,14704,14706,14708,14710,14712,14714,14716,14718,14720,14722,14724,14726,14728],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,14701,13369],{"class":42},[36,14703,1213],{"class":50},[36,14705,51],{"class":50},[36,14707,211],{"class":87},[36,14709,294],{"class":91},[36,14711,211],{"class":87},[36,14713,1213],{"class":50},[36,14715,6044],{"class":54},[36,14717,58],{"class":50},[36,14719,220],{"class":87},[36,14721,1707],{"class":91},[36,14723,211],{"class":87},[36,14725,1213],{"class":50},[36,14727,61],{"class":54},[36,14729,69],{"class":50},[36,14731,14732,14734,14736,14738,14740,14742,14744,14746,14748,14750,14752,14754,14756,14758,14760],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,14733,13406],{"class":42},[36,14735,1213],{"class":50},[36,14737,51],{"class":50},[36,14739,211],{"class":87},[36,14741,294],{"class":91},[36,14743,211],{"class":87},[36,14745,1213],{"class":50},[36,14747,1340],{"class":54},[36,14749,58],{"class":50},[36,14751,220],{"class":87},[36,14753,1707],{"class":91},[36,14755,211],{"class":87},[36,14757,1213],{"class":50},[36,14759,636],{"class":54},[36,14761,69],{"class":50},[21,14763,1455],{"id":1454},[14,14765,14766,14767,1213],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[33,14768,12465],{},[246,14770,14771,14778,14783,14788],{},[249,14772,1462,14773,11122,14775,14777],{},[33,14774,47],{},[33,14776,12808],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[249,14779,4618,14780,14782],{},[33,14781,12808],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[249,14784,14785,14786],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[33,14787,12808],{},[249,14789,14790],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[14,14792,14793],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[26,14795,14797],{"className":28,"code":14796,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[33,14798,14799,14809,14819,14833,14856,14879],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,14800,14801,14803,14805,14807],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,14802,142],{"class":141},[36,14804,145],{"class":50},[36,14806,12163],{"class":148},[36,14808,152],{"class":50},[36,14810,14811,14813,14815,14817],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,14812,142],{"class":141},[36,14814,145],{"class":50},[36,14816,14363],{"class":148},[36,14818,152],{"class":50},[36,14820,14821,14823,14825,14827,14829,14831],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,14822,142],{"class":141},[36,14824,145],{"class":50},[36,14826,12116],{"class":148},[36,14828,12224],{"class":3917},[36,14830,14417],{"class":148},[36,14832,152],{"class":50},[36,14834,14835,14837,14839,14841,14843,14845,14847,14850,14852,14854],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,14836,142],{"class":141},[36,14838,145],{"class":50},[36,14840,12680],{"class":141},[36,14842,145],{"class":50},[36,14844,12163],{"class":148},[36,14846,1140],{"class":50},[36,14848,14849],{"class":141}," id",[36,14851,145],{"class":50},[36,14853,14363],{"class":148},[36,14855,445],{"class":50},[36,14857,14858,14860,14862,14864,14866,14868,14870,14872,14875,14877],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,14859,142],{"class":141},[36,14861,145],{"class":50},[36,14863,12680],{"class":141},[36,14865,145],{"class":50},[36,14867,12163],{"class":148},[36,14869,3941],{"class":50},[36,14871,88],{"class":87},[36,14873,14874],{"class":91},"key",[36,14876,88],{"class":87},[36,14878,3047],{"class":50},[36,14880,14881,14883,14885,14887,14889,14891,14893,14895,14897,14899],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,14882,142],{"class":141},[36,14884,145],{"class":50},[36,14886,12680],{"class":141},[36,14888,145],{"class":50},[36,14890,14363],{"class":148},[36,14892,3941],{"class":50},[36,14894,88],{"class":87},[36,14896,14874],{"class":91},[36,14898,88],{"class":87},[36,14900,3047],{"class":50},[14,14902,14903],{},"What these help you check:",[246,14905,14906,14909,14912],{},[249,14907,14908],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[249,14910,14911],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[249,14913,14914],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[14,14916,14917,14918,303],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[294,14919,14921],{"href":14920},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[21,14923,1872],{"id":1871},[376,14925,12735,14927,14929],{"id":14926},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[33,14928,12465],{}," change the original dictionary?",[14,14931,14932],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[376,14934,14936,14937,14939],{"id":14935},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[33,14938,12465],{}," a deep copy?",[14,14941,14942],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[376,14944,5220,14946,482,14948,2541],{"id":14945},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[33,14947,12808],{},[33,14949,47],{},[14,14951,14952,14954,14955,14957],{},[33,14953,12808],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[33,14956,47],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[376,14959,14961],{"id":14960},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[14,14963,14964],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[21,14966,1923],{"id":1922},[246,14968,14969,14973,14977,14981,14988,14994],{},[249,14970,14971],{},[294,14972,11272],{"href":13058},[249,14974,14975],{},[294,14976,9190],{"href":13055},[249,14978,14979],{},[294,14980,13823],{"href":13822},[249,14982,14983],{},[294,14984,10767,14985,1939],{"href":14065},[33,14986,14987],{},"update()",[249,14989,14990],{},[294,14991,10767,14992,1939],{"href":12855},[33,14993,11351],{},[249,14995,14996],{},[294,14997,14998],{"href":14920},"How to copy a list in Python",[1962,15000,15001],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":15003},[15004,15005,15007,15008,15009,15010,15012,15018,15019,15020,15029],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":13027,"depth":72,"text":15006},"What the copy() method does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":11504,"depth":72,"text":11505},{"id":13466,"depth":72,"text":13467},{"id":13826,"depth":72,"text":15011},"When to use copy()",{"id":14075,"depth":72,"text":15013,"children":15014},"copy() vs assignment",[15015,15016],{"id":14092,"depth":118,"text":14093},{"id":14300,"depth":118,"text":15017},"Using copy()",{"id":14531,"depth":72,"text":14532},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":15021},[15022,15024,15026,15028],{"id":14926,"depth":118,"text":15023},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14935,"depth":118,"text":15025},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14945,"depth":118,"text":15027},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14960,"depth":118,"text":14961},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12861,"description":15030},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15037,"title":15038,"body":15039,"description":17233,"extension":2009,"meta":17234,"navigation":134,"path":13058,"seo":17235,"stem":17236,"__hash__":17237},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15040,"toc":17195},[15041,15044,15050,15059,15061,15137,15141,15190,15193,15195,15209,15212,15216,15229,15232,15265,15279,15282,15294,15298,15301,15309,15389,15393,15446,15450,15468,15470,15552,15555,15557,15560,15563,15586,15610,15614,15622,15625,15629,15638,15643,15698,15702,15735,15741,15747,15750,15805,15809,15859,15862,15868,15871,15879,15881,15926,15931,15940,15943,15946,15993,15995,16000,16003,16097,16101,16154,16157,16213,16216,16220,16223,16237,16241,16307,16311,16336,16339,16343,16421,16425,16428,16431,16451,16454,16507,16511,16514,16517,16530,16532,16621,16628,16631,16642,16644,16647,16667,16671,16674,16683,16686,16725,16729,16731,16740,16749,16751,16789,16793,16840,16844,16865,16869,16872,16984,16989,17087,17109,17111,17115,17122,17126,17132,17136,17139,17143,17146,17153,17161,17163,17189,17192],[10,15042,15038],{"id":15043},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[14,15045,15046,15047,15049],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[180,15048,9166],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[14,15051,15052,15053,298,15055,303],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[294,15054,9190],{"href":9189},[294,15056,15058],{"href":15057},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[21,15060,2051],{"id":2050},[26,15062,15064],{"className":28,"code":15063,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[33,15065,15066,15074,15092,15106,15119,15123,15127],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,15067,15068,15070,15072],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,15069,12895],{"class":42},[36,15071,47],{"class":46},[36,15073,11523],{"class":50},[36,15075,15076,15078,15080,15082,15084,15086,15088,15090],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,15077,11528],{"class":87},[36,15079,1250],{"class":91},[36,15081,88],{"class":87},[36,15083,1213],{"class":50},[36,15085,99],{"class":87},[36,15087,12912],{"class":91},[36,15089,88],{"class":87},[36,15091,11544],{"class":50},[36,15093,15094,15096,15098,15100,15102,15104],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,15095,11528],{"class":87},[36,15097,9331],{"class":91},[36,15099,88],{"class":87},[36,15101,1213],{"class":50},[36,15103,636],{"class":54},[36,15105,11544],{"class":50},[36,15107,15108,15110,15113,15115,15117],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,15109,11528],{"class":87},[36,15111,15112],{"class":91},"is_active",[36,15114,88],{"class":87},[36,15116,1213],{"class":50},[36,15118,6462],{"class":1143},[36,15120,15121],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,15122,69],{"class":50},[36,15124,15125],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,15126,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,15128,15129,15131,15133,15135],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,15130,142],{"class":141},[36,15132,145],{"class":50},[36,15134,13659],{"class":148},[36,15136,152],{"class":50},[14,15138,15139],{},[180,15140,182],{},[26,15142,15144],{"className":28,"code":15143,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[33,15145,15146],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,15147,15148,15150,15152,15154,15156,15158,15160,15162,15164,15166,15168,15170,15172,15174,15176,15178,15180,15182,15184,15186,15188],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,15149,192],{"class":50},[36,15151,211],{"class":87},[36,15153,1250],{"class":91},[36,15155,211],{"class":87},[36,15157,1213],{"class":50},[36,15159,220],{"class":87},[36,15161,12912],{"class":91},[36,15163,211],{"class":87},[36,15165,58],{"class":50},[36,15167,220],{"class":87},[36,15169,9331],{"class":91},[36,15171,211],{"class":87},[36,15173,1213],{"class":50},[36,15175,636],{"class":54},[36,15177,58],{"class":50},[36,15179,220],{"class":87},[36,15181,15112],{"class":91},[36,15183,211],{"class":87},[36,15185,1213],{"class":50},[36,15187,1144],{"class":1143},[36,15189,69],{"class":50},[14,15191,15192],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[21,15194,244],{"id":243},[246,15196,15197,15200,15203,15206],{},[249,15198,15199],{},"What a dictionary is",[249,15201,15202],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[249,15204,15205],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[249,15207,15208],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[21,15210,15199],{"id":15211},"what-a-dictionary-is",[14,15213,9163,15214,303],{},[180,15215,9166],{},[246,15217,15218,15224],{},[249,15219,15220,15221,15223],{},"A ",[180,15222,14874],{}," is the label",[249,15225,15220,15226,15228],{},[180,15227,1495],{}," is the data connected to that label",[14,15230,15231],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[26,15233,15235],{"className":28,"code":15234,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[33,15236,15237,15245,15261],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,15238,15239,15241,15243],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,15240,12895],{"class":42},[36,15242,47],{"class":46},[36,15244,11523],{"class":50},[36,15246,15247,15249,15251,15253,15255,15257,15259],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,15248,11528],{"class":87},[36,15250,1250],{"class":91},[36,15252,88],{"class":87},[36,15254,1213],{"class":50},[36,15256,99],{"class":87},[36,15258,12912],{"class":91},[36,15260,3403],{"class":87},[36,15262,15263],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,15264,69],{"class":50},[246,15266,15267,15273],{},[249,15268,15269,15272],{},[33,15270,15271],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[249,15274,15275,15278],{},[33,15276,15277],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[14,15280,15281],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[246,15283,15284,15286,15288,15291],{},[249,15285,1250],{},[249,15287,9331],{},[249,15289,15290],{},"email",[249,15292,15293],{},"country",[21,15295,15297],{"id":15296},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[14,15299,15300],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[14,15302,495,15303,15305,15306,303],{},[33,15304,864],{}," and write each item as ",[33,15307,15308],{},"key: value",[26,15310,15312],{"className":28,"code":15311,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[33,15313,15314,15322,15340,15354,15371,15375,15379],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,15315,15316,15318,15320],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,15317,12895],{"class":42},[36,15319,47],{"class":46},[36,15321,11523],{"class":50},[36,15323,15324,15326,15328,15330,15332,15334,15336,15338],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,15325,11528],{"class":87},[36,15327,1250],{"class":91},[36,15329,88],{"class":87},[36,15331,1213],{"class":50},[36,15333,99],{"class":87},[36,15335,12912],{"class":91},[36,15337,88],{"class":87},[36,15339,11544],{"class":50},[36,15341,15342,15344,15346,15348,15350,15352],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,15343,11528],{"class":87},[36,15345,9331],{"class":91},[36,15347,88],{"class":87},[36,15349,1213],{"class":50},[36,15351,636],{"class":54},[36,15353,11544],{"class":50},[36,15355,15356,15358,15361,15363,15365,15367,15369],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,15357,11528],{"class":87},[36,15359,15360],{"class":91},"course",[36,15362,88],{"class":87},[36,15364,1213],{"class":50},[36,15366,99],{"class":87},[36,15368,7336],{"class":91},[36,15370,3403],{"class":87},[36,15372,15373],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,15374,69],{"class":50},[36,15376,15377],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,15378,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,15380,15381,15383,15385,15387],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,15382,142],{"class":141},[36,15384,145],{"class":50},[36,15386,13659],{"class":148},[36,15388,152],{"class":50},[14,15390,15391],{},[180,15392,182],{},[26,15394,15396],{"className":28,"code":15395,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[33,15397,15398],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,15399,15400,15402,15404,15406,15408,15410,15412,15414,15416,15418,15420,15422,15424,15426,15428,15430,15432,15434,15436,15438,15440,15442,15444],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,15401,192],{"class":50},[36,15403,211],{"class":87},[36,15405,1250],{"class":91},[36,15407,211],{"class":87},[36,15409,1213],{"class":50},[36,15411,220],{"class":87},[36,15413,12912],{"class":91},[36,15415,211],{"class":87},[36,15417,58],{"class":50},[36,15419,220],{"class":87},[36,15421,9331],{"class":91},[36,15423,211],{"class":87},[36,15425,1213],{"class":50},[36,15427,636],{"class":54},[36,15429,58],{"class":50},[36,15431,220],{"class":87},[36,15433,15360],{"class":91},[36,15435,211],{"class":87},[36,15437,1213],{"class":50},[36,15439,220],{"class":87},[36,15441,7336],{"class":91},[36,15443,211],{"class":87},[36,15445,69],{"class":50},[376,15447,15449],{"id":15448},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[246,15451,15452,15457,15462,15465],{},[249,15453,495,15454,15456],{},[33,15455,864],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[249,15458,15459,15460],{},"Write each item as ",[33,15461,15308],{},[249,15463,15464],{},"Separate items with commas",[249,15466,15467],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[14,15469,2257],{},[26,15471,15473],{"className":28,"code":15472,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[33,15474,15475,15484,15504,15520,15533,15537,15541],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,15476,15477,15480,15482],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,15478,15479],{"class":42},"book ",[36,15481,47],{"class":46},[36,15483,11523],{"class":50},[36,15485,15486,15488,15491,15493,15495,15497,15500,15502],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,15487,11528],{"class":87},[36,15489,15490],{"class":91},"title",[36,15492,88],{"class":87},[36,15494,1213],{"class":50},[36,15496,99],{"class":87},[36,15498,15499],{"class":91},"Python Basics",[36,15501,88],{"class":87},[36,15503,11544],{"class":50},[36,15505,15506,15508,15511,15513,15515,15518],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,15507,11528],{"class":87},[36,15509,15510],{"class":91},"pages",[36,15512,88],{"class":87},[36,15514,1213],{"class":50},[36,15516,15517],{"class":54}," 150",[36,15519,11544],{"class":50},[36,15521,15522,15524,15527,15529,15531],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,15523,11528],{"class":87},[36,15525,15526],{"class":91},"available",[36,15528,88],{"class":87},[36,15530,1213],{"class":50},[36,15532,6462],{"class":1143},[36,15534,15535],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,15536,69],{"class":50},[36,15538,15539],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,15540,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,15542,15543,15545,15547,15550],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,15544,142],{"class":141},[36,15546,145],{"class":50},[36,15548,15549],{"class":148},"book",[36,15551,152],{"class":50},[14,15553,15554],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[21,15556,9434],{"id":9433},[14,15558,15559],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[14,15561,15562],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[26,15564,15566],{"className":28,"code":15565,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[33,15567,15568,15576],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,15569,15570,15572,15574],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,15571,9200],{"class":42},[36,15573,47],{"class":46},[36,15575,886],{"class":50},[36,15577,15578,15580,15582,15584],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,15579,142],{"class":141},[36,15581,145],{"class":50},[36,15583,9239],{"class":148},[36,15585,152],{"class":50},[26,15587,15588],{"className":28,"code":9437,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,15589,15590,15600],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,15591,15592,15594,15596,15598],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,15593,9200],{"class":42},[36,15595,47],{"class":46},[36,15597,9205],{"class":80},[36,15599,128],{"class":50},[36,15601,15602,15604,15606,15608],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,15603,142],{"class":141},[36,15605,145],{"class":50},[36,15607,9239],{"class":148},[36,15609,152],{"class":50},[14,15611,15612],{},[180,15613,182],{},[26,15615,15616],{"className":28,"code":925,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,15617,15618],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,15619,15620],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,15621,925],{"class":50},[14,15623,15624],{},"Both are correct.",[376,15626,15628],{"id":15627},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[14,15630,15631,15633,15634,15637],{},[33,15632,864],{}," creates an empty ",[180,15635,15636],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[14,15639,15640,15641,303],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[33,15642,239],{},[26,15644,15646],{"className":28,"code":15645,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[33,15647,15648,15656,15666,15670,15684],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,15649,15650,15652,15654],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,15651,1686],{"class":42},[36,15653,47],{"class":46},[36,15655,886],{"class":50},[36,15657,15658,15660,15662,15664],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,15659,1665],{"class":42},[36,15661,47],{"class":46},[36,15663,81],{"class":80},[36,15665,128],{"class":50},[36,15667,15668],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,15669,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,15671,15672,15674,15676,15678,15680,15682],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,15673,142],{"class":141},[36,15675,145],{"class":50},[36,15677,818],{"class":80},[36,15679,145],{"class":50},[36,15681,1747],{"class":148},[36,15683,445],{"class":50},[36,15685,15686,15688,15690,15692,15694,15696],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,15687,142],{"class":141},[36,15689,145],{"class":50},[36,15691,818],{"class":80},[36,15693,145],{"class":50},[36,15695,1732],{"class":148},[36,15697,445],{"class":50},[14,15699,15700],{},[180,15701,182],{},[26,15703,15705],{"className":28,"code":15704,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[33,15706,15707,15721],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,15708,15709,15711,15713,15715,15717,15719],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,15710,844],{"class":46},[36,15712,848],{"class":847},[36,15714,220],{"class":87},[36,15716,936],{"class":91},[36,15718,211],{"class":87},[36,15720,857],{"class":46},[36,15722,15723,15725,15727,15729,15731,15733],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,15724,844],{"class":46},[36,15726,848],{"class":847},[36,15728,220],{"class":87},[36,15730,231],{"class":91},[36,15732,211],{"class":87},[36,15734,857],{"class":46},[21,15736,15738,15739],{"id":15737},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[33,15740,9154],{},[14,15742,15743,15744,15746],{},"You can also use ",[33,15745,9154],{}," to create a dictionary.",[14,15748,15749],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[26,15751,15753],{"className":28,"code":15752,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[33,15754,15755,15795],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,15756,15757,15759,15761,15763,15765,15767,15769,15771,15773,15775,15777,15779,15781,15784,15786,15789,15791,15793],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,15758,12895],{"class":42},[36,15760,47],{"class":46},[36,15762,9205],{"class":80},[36,15764,145],{"class":50},[36,15766,1250],{"class":9210},[36,15768,47],{"class":46},[36,15770,88],{"class":87},[36,15772,12912],{"class":91},[36,15774,88],{"class":87},[36,15776,58],{"class":50},[36,15778,9223],{"class":9210},[36,15780,47],{"class":46},[36,15782,15783],{"class":54},"20",[36,15785,58],{"class":50},[36,15787,15788],{"class":9210}," active",[36,15790,47],{"class":46},[36,15792,3649],{"class":1143},[36,15794,152],{"class":50},[36,15796,15797,15799,15801,15803],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,15798,142],{"class":141},[36,15800,145],{"class":50},[36,15802,13659],{"class":148},[36,15804,152],{"class":50},[14,15806,15807],{},[180,15808,182],{},[26,15810,15812],{"className":28,"code":15811,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[33,15813,15814],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,15815,15816,15818,15820,15822,15824,15826,15828,15830,15832,15834,15836,15838,15840,15842,15844,15846,15848,15851,15853,15855,15857],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,15817,192],{"class":50},[36,15819,211],{"class":87},[36,15821,1250],{"class":91},[36,15823,211],{"class":87},[36,15825,1213],{"class":50},[36,15827,220],{"class":87},[36,15829,12912],{"class":91},[36,15831,211],{"class":87},[36,15833,58],{"class":50},[36,15835,220],{"class":87},[36,15837,9331],{"class":91},[36,15839,211],{"class":87},[36,15841,1213],{"class":50},[36,15843,636],{"class":54},[36,15845,58],{"class":50},[36,15847,220],{"class":87},[36,15849,15850],{"class":91},"active",[36,15852,211],{"class":87},[36,15854,1213],{"class":50},[36,15856,1144],{"class":1143},[36,15858,69],{"class":50},[14,15860,15861],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[376,15863,15865,15866],{"id":15864},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[33,15867,9154],{},[14,15869,15870],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[246,15872,15873,15876],{},[249,15874,15875],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[249,15877,15878],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[14,15880,6727],{},[26,15882,15884],{"className":28,"code":15883,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[33,15885,15886,15916],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,15887,15888,15890,15892,15894,15896,15898,15900,15902,15904,15906,15908,15910,15912,15914],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,15889,11518],{"class":42},[36,15891,47],{"class":46},[36,15893,9205],{"class":80},[36,15895,145],{"class":50},[36,15897,1250],{"class":9210},[36,15899,47],{"class":46},[36,15901,88],{"class":87},[36,15903,1259],{"class":91},[36,15905,88],{"class":87},[36,15907,58],{"class":50},[36,15909,9223],{"class":9210},[36,15911,47],{"class":46},[36,15913,9228],{"class":54},[36,15915,152],{"class":50},[36,15917,15918,15920,15922,15924],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,15919,142],{"class":141},[36,15921,145],{"class":50},[36,15923,11612],{"class":148},[36,15925,152],{"class":50},[14,15927,4667,15928,15930],{},[180,15929,870],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[26,15932,15934],{"className":28,"code":15933,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[33,15935,15936],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,15937,15938],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,15939,15933],{"class":1617},[14,15941,15942],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[14,15944,15945],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[26,15947,15949],{"className":28,"code":15948,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[33,15950,15951,15959,15975,15979,15983],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,15952,15953,15955,15957],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,15954,11518],{"class":42},[36,15956,47],{"class":46},[36,15958,11523],{"class":50},[36,15960,15961,15963,15965,15967,15969,15971,15973],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,15962,11528],{"class":87},[36,15964,10525],{"class":91},[36,15966,88],{"class":87},[36,15968,1213],{"class":50},[36,15970,99],{"class":87},[36,15972,1259],{"class":91},[36,15974,3403],{"class":87},[36,15976,15977],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,15978,69],{"class":50},[36,15980,15981],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,15982,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,15984,15985,15987,15989,15991],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,15986,142],{"class":141},[36,15988,145],{"class":50},[36,15990,11612],{"class":148},[36,15992,152],{"class":50},[21,15994,9475],{"id":9474},[14,15996,15997,15999],{},[33,15998,9154],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[14,16001,16002],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[26,16004,16006],{"className":28,"code":16005,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[33,16007,16008,16065,16069,16083,16087],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,16009,16010,16012,16014,16016,16018,16020,16022,16024,16026,16028,16030,16032,16034,16036,16038,16040,16042,16044,16046,16048,16050,16052,16054,16056,16058,16061,16063],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,16011,9250],{"class":42},[36,16013,47],{"class":46},[36,16015,9255],{"class":50},[36,16017,88],{"class":87},[36,16019,1250],{"class":91},[36,16021,88],{"class":87},[36,16023,58],{"class":50},[36,16025,99],{"class":87},[36,16027,12912],{"class":91},[36,16029,88],{"class":87},[36,16031,1140],{"class":50},[36,16033,1131],{"class":50},[36,16035,88],{"class":87},[36,16037,9331],{"class":91},[36,16039,88],{"class":87},[36,16041,58],{"class":50},[36,16043,636],{"class":54},[36,16045,1140],{"class":50},[36,16047,1131],{"class":50},[36,16049,88],{"class":87},[36,16051,10439],{"class":91},[36,16053,88],{"class":87},[36,16055,58],{"class":50},[36,16057,99],{"class":87},[36,16059,16060],{"class":91},"Lima",[36,16062,88],{"class":87},[36,16064,9282],{"class":50},[36,16066,16067],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,16068,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,16070,16071,16073,16075,16077,16079,16081],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,16072,12895],{"class":42},[36,16074,47],{"class":46},[36,16076,9205],{"class":80},[36,16078,145],{"class":50},[36,16080,9295],{"class":148},[36,16082,152],{"class":50},[36,16084,16085],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,16086,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,16088,16089,16091,16093,16095],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,16090,142],{"class":141},[36,16092,145],{"class":50},[36,16094,13659],{"class":148},[36,16096,152],{"class":50},[14,16098,16099],{},[180,16100,182],{},[26,16102,16104],{"className":28,"code":16103,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[33,16105,16106],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,16107,16108,16110,16112,16114,16116,16118,16120,16122,16124,16126,16128,16130,16132,16134,16136,16138,16140,16142,16144,16146,16148,16150,16152],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,16109,192],{"class":50},[36,16111,211],{"class":87},[36,16113,1250],{"class":91},[36,16115,211],{"class":87},[36,16117,1213],{"class":50},[36,16119,220],{"class":87},[36,16121,12912],{"class":91},[36,16123,211],{"class":87},[36,16125,58],{"class":50},[36,16127,220],{"class":87},[36,16129,9331],{"class":91},[36,16131,211],{"class":87},[36,16133,1213],{"class":50},[36,16135,636],{"class":54},[36,16137,58],{"class":50},[36,16139,220],{"class":87},[36,16141,10439],{"class":91},[36,16143,211],{"class":87},[36,16145,1213],{"class":50},[36,16147,220],{"class":87},[36,16149,16060],{"class":91},[36,16151,211],{"class":87},[36,16153,69],{"class":50},[14,16155,16156],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[26,16158,16160],{"className":28,"code":16159,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[33,16161,16162,16203],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,16163,16164,16166,16168,16170,16173,16175,16177,16179,16181,16183,16185,16187,16189,16191,16193,16195,16197,16199,16201],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,16165,12895],{"class":42},[36,16167,47],{"class":46},[36,16169,9205],{"class":80},[36,16171,16172],{"class":50},"(((",[36,16174,88],{"class":87},[36,16176,1250],{"class":91},[36,16178,88],{"class":87},[36,16180,58],{"class":50},[36,16182,99],{"class":87},[36,16184,12912],{"class":91},[36,16186,88],{"class":87},[36,16188,1140],{"class":50},[36,16190,1131],{"class":50},[36,16192,88],{"class":87},[36,16194,9331],{"class":91},[36,16196,88],{"class":87},[36,16198,58],{"class":50},[36,16200,636],{"class":54},[36,16202,2961],{"class":50},[36,16204,16205,16207,16209,16211],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,16206,142],{"class":141},[36,16208,145],{"class":50},[36,16210,13659],{"class":148},[36,16212,152],{"class":50},[14,16214,16215],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[21,16217,16219],{"id":16218},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[14,16221,16222],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[246,16224,16225,16228,16231,16234],{},[249,16226,16227],{},"Keys must be unique",[249,16229,16230],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[249,16232,16233],{},"Values can repeat",[249,16235,16236],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[376,16238,16240],{"id":16239},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[26,16242,16244],{"className":28,"code":16243,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[33,16245,16246,16254,16272,16289,16293,16297],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,16247,16248,16250,16252],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,16249,9200],{"class":42},[36,16251,47],{"class":46},[36,16253,11523],{"class":50},[36,16255,16256,16258,16260,16262,16264,16266,16268,16270],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,16257,11528],{"class":87},[36,16259,1250],{"class":91},[36,16261,88],{"class":87},[36,16263,1213],{"class":50},[36,16265,99],{"class":87},[36,16267,12912],{"class":91},[36,16269,88],{"class":87},[36,16271,11544],{"class":50},[36,16273,16274,16276,16278,16280,16282,16284,16287],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,16275,11528],{"class":87},[36,16277,1250],{"class":91},[36,16279,88],{"class":87},[36,16281,1213],{"class":50},[36,16283,99],{"class":87},[36,16285,16286],{"class":91},"Maria",[36,16288,3403],{"class":87},[36,16290,16291],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,16292,69],{"class":50},[36,16294,16295],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,16296,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,16298,16299,16301,16303,16305],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,16300,142],{"class":141},[36,16302,145],{"class":50},[36,16304,9239],{"class":148},[36,16306,152],{"class":50},[14,16308,16309],{},[180,16310,182],{},[26,16312,16314],{"className":28,"code":16313,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[33,16315,16316],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,16317,16318,16320,16322,16324,16326,16328,16330,16332,16334],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,16319,192],{"class":50},[36,16321,211],{"class":87},[36,16323,1250],{"class":91},[36,16325,211],{"class":87},[36,16327,1213],{"class":50},[36,16329,220],{"class":87},[36,16331,16286],{"class":91},[36,16333,211],{"class":87},[36,16335,69],{"class":50},[14,16337,16338],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[376,16340,16342],{"id":16341},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[26,16344,16346],{"className":28,"code":16345,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[33,16347,16348,16356,16372,16388,16402,16406,16410],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,16349,16350,16352,16354],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,16351,5103],{"class":42},[36,16353,47],{"class":46},[36,16355,11523],{"class":50},[36,16357,16358,16361,16363,16365,16368,16370],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,16359,16360],{"class":54},"    1",[36,16362,1213],{"class":50},[36,16364,99],{"class":87},[36,16366,16367],{"class":91},"low",[36,16369,88],{"class":87},[36,16371,11544],{"class":50},[36,16373,16374,16377,16379,16381,16384,16386],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,16375,16376],{"class":54},"    2",[36,16378,1213],{"class":50},[36,16380,99],{"class":87},[36,16382,16383],{"class":91},"medium",[36,16385,88],{"class":87},[36,16387,11544],{"class":50},[36,16389,16390,16393,16395,16397,16400],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,16391,16392],{"class":54},"    3",[36,16394,1213],{"class":50},[36,16396,99],{"class":87},[36,16398,16399],{"class":91},"high",[36,16401,3403],{"class":87},[36,16403,16404],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,16405,69],{"class":50},[36,16407,16408],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,16409,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,16411,16412,16414,16416,16419],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,16413,142],{"class":141},[36,16415,145],{"class":50},[36,16417,16418],{"class":148},"scores",[36,16420,152],{"class":50},[376,16422,16424],{"id":16423},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[14,16426,16427],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[14,16429,16430],{},"This will cause an error:",[26,16432,16434],{"className":28,"code":16433,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[33,16435,16436,16441,16446],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,16437,16438],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,16439,16440],{"class":1617},"# bad = {\n",[36,16442,16443],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,16444,16445],{"class":1617},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[36,16447,16448],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,16449,16450],{"class":1617},"# }\n",[14,16452,16453],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[26,16455,16457],{"className":28,"code":16456,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[33,16458,16459,16468,16488,16492,16496],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,16460,16461,16464,16466],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,16462,16463],{"class":42},"good ",[36,16465,47],{"class":46},[36,16467,11523],{"class":50},[36,16469,16470,16473,16475,16477,16479,16482,16484,16486],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,16471,16472],{"class":50},"    (",[36,16474,55],{"class":54},[36,16476,58],{"class":50},[36,16478,61],{"class":54},[36,16480,16481],{"class":50},"):",[36,16483,99],{"class":87},[36,16485,149],{"class":91},[36,16487,3403],{"class":87},[36,16489,16490],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,16491,69],{"class":50},[36,16493,16494],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,16495,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,16497,16498,16500,16502,16505],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,16499,142],{"class":141},[36,16501,145],{"class":50},[36,16503,16504],{"class":148},"good",[36,16506,152],{"class":50},[21,16508,16510],{"id":16509},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[14,16512,16513],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[14,16515,16516],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[246,16518,16519,16522,16524,16527],{},[249,16520,16521],{},"user data",[249,16523,13917],{},[249,16525,16526],{},"counters",[249,16528,16529],{},"lookups",[14,16531,2257],{},[26,16533,16535],{"className":28,"code":16534,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[33,16536,16537,16545,16564,16583,16595,16599,16603],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,16538,16539,16541,16543],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,16540,11518],{"class":42},[36,16542,47],{"class":46},[36,16544,11523],{"class":50},[36,16546,16547,16549,16551,16553,16555,16557,16560,16562],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,16548,11528],{"class":87},[36,16550,8021],{"class":91},[36,16552,88],{"class":87},[36,16554,1213],{"class":50},[36,16556,99],{"class":87},[36,16558,16559],{"class":91},"ana123",[36,16561,88],{"class":87},[36,16563,11544],{"class":50},[36,16565,16566,16568,16570,16572,16574,16576,16579,16581],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,16567,11528],{"class":87},[36,16569,15290],{"class":91},[36,16571,88],{"class":87},[36,16573,1213],{"class":50},[36,16575,99],{"class":87},[36,16577,16578],{"class":91},"ana@example.com",[36,16580,88],{"class":87},[36,16582,11544],{"class":50},[36,16584,16585,16587,16589,16591,16593],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,16586,11528],{"class":87},[36,16588,12545],{"class":91},[36,16590,88],{"class":87},[36,16592,1213],{"class":50},[36,16594,6462],{"class":1143},[36,16596,16597],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,16598,69],{"class":50},[36,16600,16601],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,16602,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,16604,16605,16607,16609,16611,16613,16615,16617,16619],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,16606,142],{"class":141},[36,16608,145],{"class":50},[36,16610,11612],{"class":148},[36,16612,3941],{"class":50},[36,16614,88],{"class":87},[36,16616,15290],{"class":91},[36,16618,88],{"class":87},[36,16620,115],{"class":50},[14,16622,16623,16624,303],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[294,16625,16627],{"href":16626},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[14,16629,16630],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[246,16632,16633,16636,16639],{},[249,16634,16635],{},"labels are not needed",[249,16637,16638],{},"you mostly care about position",[249,16640,16641],{},"order matters more than named fields",[21,16643,1455],{"id":1454},[14,16645,16646],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[246,16648,16649,16652,16655,16658,16661],{},[249,16650,16651],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[249,16653,16654],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[249,16656,16657],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[249,16659,16660],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[249,16662,16663,16664,16666],{},"Mixing up ",[33,16665,864],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[376,16668,16670],{"id":16669},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[14,16672,16673],{},"Wrong:",[26,16675,16677],{"className":28,"code":16676,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[33,16678,16679],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,16680,16681],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,16682,16676],{"class":1617},[14,16684,16685],{},"Correct:",[26,16687,16689],{"className":28,"code":16688,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[33,16690,16691,16715],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,16692,16693,16695,16697,16699,16701,16703,16705,16707,16709,16711,16713],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,16694,12895],{"class":42},[36,16696,47],{"class":46},[36,16698,51],{"class":50},[36,16700,88],{"class":87},[36,16702,1250],{"class":91},[36,16704,88],{"class":87},[36,16706,1213],{"class":50},[36,16708,99],{"class":87},[36,16710,12912],{"class":91},[36,16712,88],{"class":87},[36,16714,69],{"class":50},[36,16716,16717,16719,16721,16723],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,16718,142],{"class":141},[36,16720,145],{"class":50},[36,16722,13659],{"class":148},[36,16724,152],{"class":50},[376,16726,16728],{"id":16727},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[14,16730,16673],{},[26,16732,16734],{"className":28,"code":16733,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[33,16735,16736],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,16737,16738],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,16739,16733],{"class":1617},[14,16741,16742,16743,16745,16746,16748],{},"This only works if ",[33,16744,1250],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[33,16747,15271],{},", use quotes.",[14,16750,16685],{},[26,16752,16753],{"className":28,"code":16688,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,16754,16755,16779],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,16756,16757,16759,16761,16763,16765,16767,16769,16771,16773,16775,16777],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,16758,12895],{"class":42},[36,16760,47],{"class":46},[36,16762,51],{"class":50},[36,16764,88],{"class":87},[36,16766,1250],{"class":91},[36,16768,88],{"class":87},[36,16770,1213],{"class":50},[36,16772,99],{"class":87},[36,16774,12912],{"class":91},[36,16776,88],{"class":87},[36,16778,69],{"class":50},[36,16780,16781,16783,16785,16787],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,16782,142],{"class":141},[36,16784,145],{"class":50},[36,16786,13659],{"class":148},[36,16788,152],{"class":50},[376,16790,16792],{"id":16791},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[26,16794,16796],{"className":28,"code":16795,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[33,16797,16798,16830],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,16799,16800,16802,16804,16806,16808,16810,16812,16814,16816,16818,16820,16822,16824,16826,16828],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,16801,9200],{"class":42},[36,16803,47],{"class":46},[36,16805,51],{"class":50},[36,16807,88],{"class":87},[36,16809,9331],{"class":91},[36,16811,88],{"class":87},[36,16813,1213],{"class":50},[36,16815,636],{"class":54},[36,16817,58],{"class":50},[36,16819,99],{"class":87},[36,16821,9331],{"class":91},[36,16823,88],{"class":87},[36,16825,1213],{"class":50},[36,16827,645],{"class":54},[36,16829,69],{"class":50},[36,16831,16832,16834,16836,16838],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,16833,142],{"class":141},[36,16835,145],{"class":50},[36,16837,9239],{"class":148},[36,16839,152],{"class":50},[14,16841,16842],{},[180,16843,182],{},[26,16845,16847],{"className":28,"code":16846,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'age': 30}\n",[33,16848,16849],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,16850,16851,16853,16855,16857,16859,16861,16863],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,16852,192],{"class":50},[36,16854,211],{"class":87},[36,16856,9331],{"class":91},[36,16858,211],{"class":87},[36,16860,1213],{"class":50},[36,16862,645],{"class":54},[36,16864,69],{"class":50},[21,16866,16868],{"id":16867},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[14,16870,16871],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[26,16873,16875],{"className":28,"code":16874,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[33,16876,16877,16913,16917,16927,16941,16956,16970],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,16878,16879,16881,16883,16885,16887,16889,16891,16893,16895,16897,16899,16901,16903,16905,16907,16909,16911],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,16880,1686],{"class":42},[36,16882,47],{"class":46},[36,16884,51],{"class":50},[36,16886,88],{"class":87},[36,16888,1250],{"class":91},[36,16890,88],{"class":87},[36,16892,1213],{"class":50},[36,16894,99],{"class":87},[36,16896,12912],{"class":91},[36,16898,88],{"class":87},[36,16900,58],{"class":50},[36,16902,99],{"class":87},[36,16904,9331],{"class":91},[36,16906,88],{"class":87},[36,16908,1213],{"class":50},[36,16910,636],{"class":54},[36,16912,69],{"class":50},[36,16914,16915],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,16916,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,16918,16919,16921,16923,16925],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,16920,142],{"class":141},[36,16922,145],{"class":50},[36,16924,1747],{"class":148},[36,16926,152],{"class":50},[36,16928,16929,16931,16933,16935,16937,16939],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,16930,142],{"class":141},[36,16932,145],{"class":50},[36,16934,818],{"class":80},[36,16936,145],{"class":50},[36,16938,1747],{"class":148},[36,16940,445],{"class":50},[36,16942,16943,16945,16947,16949,16951,16954],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,16944,142],{"class":141},[36,16946,145],{"class":50},[36,16948,1747],{"class":148},[36,16950,303],{"class":50},[36,16952,16953],{"class":148},"keys",[36,16955,1847],{"class":50},[36,16957,16958,16960,16962,16964,16966,16968],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,16959,142],{"class":141},[36,16961,145],{"class":50},[36,16963,1747],{"class":148},[36,16965,303],{"class":50},[36,16967,656],{"class":148},[36,16969,1847],{"class":50},[36,16971,16972,16974,16976,16978,16980,16982],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,16973,142],{"class":141},[36,16975,145],{"class":50},[36,16977,438],{"class":141},[36,16979,145],{"class":50},[36,16981,1747],{"class":148},[36,16983,445],{"class":50},[14,16985,16986],{},[180,16987,16988],{},"Example output:",[26,16990,16992],{"className":28,"code":16991,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[33,16993,16994,17026,17040,17063,17082],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,16995,16996,16998,17000,17002,17004,17006,17008,17010,17012,17014,17016,17018,17020,17022,17024],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,16997,192],{"class":50},[36,16999,211],{"class":87},[36,17001,1250],{"class":91},[36,17003,211],{"class":87},[36,17005,1213],{"class":50},[36,17007,220],{"class":87},[36,17009,12912],{"class":91},[36,17011,211],{"class":87},[36,17013,58],{"class":50},[36,17015,220],{"class":87},[36,17017,9331],{"class":91},[36,17019,211],{"class":87},[36,17021,1213],{"class":50},[36,17023,636],{"class":54},[36,17025,69],{"class":50},[36,17027,17028,17030,17032,17034,17036,17038],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,17029,844],{"class":46},[36,17031,848],{"class":847},[36,17033,220],{"class":87},[36,17035,936],{"class":91},[36,17037,211],{"class":87},[36,17039,857],{"class":46},[36,17041,17042,17045,17047,17049,17051,17053,17055,17057,17059,17061],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,17043,17044],{"class":148},"dict_keys",[36,17046,84],{"class":50},[36,17048,211],{"class":87},[36,17050,1250],{"class":91},[36,17052,211],{"class":87},[36,17054,58],{"class":50},[36,17056,220],{"class":87},[36,17058,9331],{"class":91},[36,17060,211],{"class":87},[36,17062,115],{"class":50},[36,17064,17065,17068,17070,17072,17074,17076,17078,17080],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,17066,17067],{"class":148},"dict_values",[36,17069,84],{"class":50},[36,17071,211],{"class":87},[36,17073,12912],{"class":91},[36,17075,211],{"class":87},[36,17077,58],{"class":50},[36,17079,636],{"class":54},[36,17081,115],{"class":50},[36,17083,17084],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,17085,17086],{"class":54},"2\n",[14,17088,17089,17090,2238,17096,17102,17103,303],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[294,17091,10767,17093],{"href":17092},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[33,17094,17095],{},"keys()",[294,17097,10767,17099],{"href":17098},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[33,17100,17101],{},"values()",", and ",[294,17104,10767,17106],{"href":17105},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[33,17107,17108],{},"items()",[21,17110,1872],{"id":1871},[376,17112,17114],{"id":17113},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[14,17116,495,17117,298,17119,17121],{},[33,17118,864],{},[33,17120,9154],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[376,17123,17125],{"id":17124},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[14,17127,17128,17129,303],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[33,17130,17131],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[376,17133,17135],{"id":17134},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[14,17137,17138],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[376,17140,17142],{"id":17141},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[14,17144,17145],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[376,17147,5220,17149,482,17151,2541],{"id":17148},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[33,17150,864],{},[33,17152,9154],{},[14,17154,17155,17157,17158,17160],{},[33,17156,864],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[33,17159,9154],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[21,17162,1923],{"id":1922},[246,17164,17165,17169,17175,17179,17185],{},[249,17166,17167],{},[294,17168,9190],{"href":9189},[249,17170,17171],{},[294,17172,10767,17173,1939],{"href":10766},[33,17174,10770],{},[249,17176,17177],{},[294,17178,11281],{"href":10761},[249,17180,17181],{},[294,17182,17184],{"href":17183},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[249,17186,17187],{},[294,17188,11292],{"href":11104},[14,17190,17191],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1962,17193,17194],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":17196},[17197,17198,17199,17200,17203,17206,17211,17212,17217,17218,17223,17224,17232],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":243,"depth":72,"text":244},{"id":15211,"depth":72,"text":15199},{"id":15296,"depth":72,"text":15297,"children":17201},[17202],{"id":15448,"depth":118,"text":15449},{"id":9433,"depth":72,"text":9434,"children":17204},[17205],{"id":15627,"depth":118,"text":15628},{"id":15737,"depth":72,"text":17207,"children":17208},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17209],{"id":15864,"depth":118,"text":17210},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9474,"depth":72,"text":9475},{"id":16218,"depth":72,"text":16219,"children":17213},[17214,17215,17216],{"id":16239,"depth":118,"text":16240},{"id":16341,"depth":118,"text":16342},{"id":16423,"depth":118,"text":16424},{"id":16509,"depth":72,"text":16510},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455,"children":17219},[17220,17221,17222],{"id":16669,"depth":118,"text":16670},{"id":16727,"depth":118,"text":16728},{"id":16791,"depth":118,"text":16792},{"id":16867,"depth":72,"text":16868},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":17225},[17226,17227,17228,17229,17230],{"id":17113,"depth":118,"text":17114},{"id":17124,"depth":118,"text":17125},{"id":17134,"depth":118,"text":17135},{"id":17141,"depth":118,"text":17142},{"id":17148,"depth":118,"text":17231},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15038,"description":17233},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17239,"title":17240,"body":17241,"description":19692,"extension":2009,"meta":19693,"navigation":134,"path":19694,"seo":19695,"stem":19696,"__hash__":19697},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17242,"toc":19648},[17243,17249,17255,17258,17261,17263,17345,17351,17356,17360,17378,17390,17395,17399,17422,17426,17438,17446,17450,17456,17458,17461,17536,17538,17583,17585,17602,17607,17613,17618,17692,17694,17739,17742,17753,17755,17874,17876,17929,17936,17940,17943,17960,17966,17970,18068,18070,18122,18129,18133,18139,18142,18145,18172,18177,18181,18184,18288,18290,18335,18338,18341,18346,18351,18362,18364,18425,18485,18491,18499,18505,18510,18515,18575,18579,18646,18649,18653,18724,18727,18740,18747,18749,18753,18757,18828,18830,18867,18870,18873,18936,18943,18946,18988,18998,19001,19070,19076,19081,19165,19167,19216,19223,19229,19274,19276,19309,19314,19318,19324,19363,19407,19475,19518,19520,19526,19529,19533,19538,19542,19545,19549,19551,19612,19614,19640,19645],[10,17244,11348,17246,11352],{"id":17245},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[33,17247,17248],{},"fromkeys()",[14,17250,17251,17254],{},[33,17252,17253],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[14,17256,17257],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[14,17259,17260],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[21,17262,2051],{"id":2050},[26,17264,17266],{"className":28,"code":17265,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[33,17267,17268,17301,17329,17340],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,17269,17270,17273,17275,17277,17279,17281,17283,17285,17287,17289,17291,17293,17295,17297,17299],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,17271,17272],{"class":42},"keys ",[36,17274,47],{"class":46},[36,17276,1333],{"class":50},[36,17278,88],{"class":87},[36,17280,1250],{"class":91},[36,17282,88],{"class":87},[36,17284,58],{"class":50},[36,17286,99],{"class":87},[36,17288,9331],{"class":91},[36,17290,88],{"class":87},[36,17292,58],{"class":50},[36,17294,99],{"class":87},[36,17296,10439],{"class":91},[36,17298,88],{"class":87},[36,17300,1355],{"class":50},[36,17302,17303,17305,17307,17309,17311,17314,17316,17318,17320,17322,17325,17327],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,17304,13237],{"class":42},[36,17306,47],{"class":46},[36,17308,9205],{"class":80},[36,17310,303],{"class":50},[36,17312,17313],{"class":148},"fromkeys",[36,17315,145],{"class":50},[36,17317,16953],{"class":148},[36,17319,58],{"class":50},[36,17321,99],{"class":87},[36,17323,17324],{"class":91},"unknown",[36,17326,88],{"class":87},[36,17328,152],{"class":50},[36,17330,17331,17333,17335,17338],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,17332,142],{"class":141},[36,17334,145],{"class":50},[36,17336,17337],{"class":148},"person",[36,17339,152],{"class":50},[36,17341,17342],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,17343,17344],{"class":1617},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[14,17346,495,17347,17350],{},[33,17348,17349],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[21,17352,3720,17354,3723],{"id":17353},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[33,17355,17253],{},[14,17357,17358,1213],{},[33,17359,17253],{},[246,17361,17362,17365,17368,17371],{},[249,17363,17364],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[249,17366,17367],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[249,17369,17370],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[249,17372,17373,17374,17377],{},"Is called as ",[33,17375,17376],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[14,17379,17380,17381,17383,17384,17386,17387,303],{},"This is a class method on ",[33,17382,936],{},", so you write ",[33,17385,17376],{}," instead of something like ",[33,17388,17389],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[14,17391,17392,17393,303],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[294,17394,9190],{"href":13055},[21,17396,17398],{"id":17397},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[26,17400,17402],{"className":28,"code":17401,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[33,17403,17404],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,17405,17406,17408,17410,17412,17414,17416,17418,17420],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,17407,936],{"class":80},[36,17409,303],{"class":50},[36,17411,17313],{"class":148},[36,17413,145],{"class":50},[36,17415,3764],{"class":148},[36,17417,58],{"class":50},[36,17419,8469],{"class":148},[36,17421,152],{"class":50},[376,17423,17425],{"id":17424},"parameters","Parameters",[246,17427,17428,17433],{},[249,17429,17430,17432],{},[33,17431,3764],{},": the keys to use",[249,17434,17435,17437],{},[33,17436,1495],{},": optional starting value for every key",[14,17439,17440,17441,17443,17444,303],{},"If you leave out ",[33,17442,1495],{},", each key gets ",[33,17445,3822],{},[376,17447,17449],{"id":17448},"return-value","Return value",[14,17451,17452,17453,303],{},"It returns a ",[180,17454,17455],{},"new dictionary",[21,17457,5826],{"id":5825},[14,17459,17460],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[26,17462,17464],{"className":28,"code":17463,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[33,17465,17466,17499,17521,17525],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,17467,17468,17470,17472,17474,17476,17478,17480,17482,17484,17487,17489,17491,17493,17495,17497],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,17469,17272],{"class":42},[36,17471,47],{"class":46},[36,17473,1333],{"class":50},[36,17475,88],{"class":87},[36,17477,13125],{"class":91},[36,17479,88],{"class":87},[36,17481,58],{"class":50},[36,17483,99],{"class":87},[36,17485,17486],{"class":91},"green",[36,17488,88],{"class":87},[36,17490,58],{"class":50},[36,17492,99],{"class":87},[36,17494,13142],{"class":91},[36,17496,88],{"class":87},[36,17498,1355],{"class":50},[36,17500,17501,17503,17505,17507,17509,17511,17513,17515,17517,17519],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,17502,13108],{"class":42},[36,17504,47],{"class":46},[36,17506,9205],{"class":80},[36,17508,303],{"class":50},[36,17510,17313],{"class":148},[36,17512,145],{"class":50},[36,17514,16953],{"class":148},[36,17516,58],{"class":50},[36,17518,3875],{"class":54},[36,17520,152],{"class":50},[36,17522,17523],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,17524,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,17526,17527,17529,17531,17534],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,17528,142],{"class":141},[36,17530,145],{"class":50},[36,17532,17533],{"class":148},"colors",[36,17535,152],{"class":50},[14,17537,182],{},[26,17539,17541],{"className":28,"code":17540,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[33,17542,17543],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,17544,17545,17547,17549,17551,17553,17555,17557,17559,17561,17563,17565,17567,17569,17571,17573,17575,17577,17579,17581],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,17546,192],{"class":50},[36,17548,211],{"class":87},[36,17550,13125],{"class":91},[36,17552,211],{"class":87},[36,17554,1213],{"class":50},[36,17556,3875],{"class":54},[36,17558,58],{"class":50},[36,17560,220],{"class":87},[36,17562,17486],{"class":91},[36,17564,211],{"class":87},[36,17566,1213],{"class":50},[36,17568,3875],{"class":54},[36,17570,58],{"class":50},[36,17572,220],{"class":87},[36,17574,13142],{"class":91},[36,17576,211],{"class":87},[36,17578,1213],{"class":50},[36,17580,3875],{"class":54},[36,17582,69],{"class":50},[14,17584,11714],{},[246,17586,17587,17592,17597],{},[249,17588,17589,17591],{},[33,17590,16953],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[249,17593,17594,17596],{},[33,17595,2166],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[249,17598,17599,17601],{},[33,17600,17253],{}," returns the new dictionary",[14,17603,17604,17605,303],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[294,17606,9423],{"href":13058},[21,17608,1462,17610,17612],{"id":17609},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[33,17611,17248],{}," without a value",[14,17614,17615,17616,303],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[33,17617,3822],{},[26,17619,17621],{"className":28,"code":17620,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[33,17622,17623,17657,17677,17681],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,17624,17625,17628,17630,17632,17634,17636,17638,17640,17642,17644,17646,17648,17650,17653,17655],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,17626,17627],{"class":42},"fields ",[36,17629,47],{"class":46},[36,17631,1333],{"class":50},[36,17633,88],{"class":87},[36,17635,8021],{"class":91},[36,17637,88],{"class":87},[36,17639,58],{"class":50},[36,17641,99],{"class":87},[36,17643,15290],{"class":91},[36,17645,88],{"class":87},[36,17647,58],{"class":50},[36,17649,99],{"class":87},[36,17651,17652],{"class":91},"password",[36,17654,88],{"class":87},[36,17656,1355],{"class":50},[36,17658,17659,17662,17664,17666,17668,17670,17672,17675],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,17660,17661],{"class":42},"user_data ",[36,17663,47],{"class":46},[36,17665,9205],{"class":80},[36,17667,303],{"class":50},[36,17669,17313],{"class":148},[36,17671,145],{"class":50},[36,17673,17674],{"class":148},"fields",[36,17676,152],{"class":50},[36,17678,17679],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,17680,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,17682,17683,17685,17687,17690],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,17684,142],{"class":141},[36,17686,145],{"class":50},[36,17688,17689],{"class":148},"user_data",[36,17691,152],{"class":50},[14,17693,182],{},[26,17695,17697],{"className":28,"code":17696,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[33,17698,17699],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,17700,17701,17703,17705,17707,17709,17711,17713,17715,17717,17719,17721,17723,17725,17727,17729,17731,17733,17735,17737],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,17702,192],{"class":50},[36,17704,211],{"class":87},[36,17706,8021],{"class":91},[36,17708,211],{"class":87},[36,17710,1213],{"class":50},[36,17712,3893],{"class":1143},[36,17714,58],{"class":50},[36,17716,220],{"class":87},[36,17718,15290],{"class":91},[36,17720,211],{"class":87},[36,17722,1213],{"class":50},[36,17724,3893],{"class":1143},[36,17726,58],{"class":50},[36,17728,220],{"class":87},[36,17730,17652],{"class":91},[36,17732,211],{"class":87},[36,17734,1213],{"class":50},[36,17736,3893],{"class":1143},[36,17738,69],{"class":50},[14,17740,17741],{},"This is useful when:",[246,17743,17744,17747,17750],{},[249,17745,17746],{},"You want to create the keys first",[249,17748,17749],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[249,17751,17752],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[14,17754,2257],{},[26,17756,17758],{"className":28,"code":17757,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[33,17759,17760,17792,17810,17814,17837,17860,17864],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,17761,17762,17764,17766,17768,17770,17772,17774,17776,17778,17780,17782,17784,17786,17788,17790],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,17763,17627],{"class":42},[36,17765,47],{"class":46},[36,17767,1333],{"class":50},[36,17769,88],{"class":87},[36,17771,8021],{"class":91},[36,17773,88],{"class":87},[36,17775,58],{"class":50},[36,17777,99],{"class":87},[36,17779,15290],{"class":91},[36,17781,88],{"class":87},[36,17783,58],{"class":50},[36,17785,99],{"class":87},[36,17787,17652],{"class":91},[36,17789,88],{"class":87},[36,17791,1355],{"class":50},[36,17793,17794,17796,17798,17800,17802,17804,17806,17808],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,17795,17661],{"class":42},[36,17797,47],{"class":46},[36,17799,9205],{"class":80},[36,17801,303],{"class":50},[36,17803,17313],{"class":148},[36,17805,145],{"class":50},[36,17807,17674],{"class":148},[36,17809,152],{"class":50},[36,17811,17812],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,17813,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,17815,17816,17818,17820,17822,17824,17826,17828,17830,17832,17835],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,17817,17689],{"class":42},[36,17819,3941],{"class":50},[36,17821,88],{"class":87},[36,17823,8021],{"class":91},[36,17825,88],{"class":87},[36,17827,13306],{"class":50},[36,17829,13309],{"class":46},[36,17831,99],{"class":87},[36,17833,17834],{"class":91},"alice",[36,17836,3403],{"class":87},[36,17838,17839,17841,17843,17845,17847,17849,17851,17853,17855,17858],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,17840,17689],{"class":42},[36,17842,3941],{"class":50},[36,17844,88],{"class":87},[36,17846,15290],{"class":91},[36,17848,88],{"class":87},[36,17850,13306],{"class":50},[36,17852,13309],{"class":46},[36,17854,99],{"class":87},[36,17856,17857],{"class":91},"alice@example.com",[36,17859,3403],{"class":87},[36,17861,17862],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,17863,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,17865,17866,17868,17870,17872],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,17867,142],{"class":141},[36,17869,145],{"class":50},[36,17871,17689],{"class":148},[36,17873,152],{"class":50},[14,17875,182],{},[26,17877,17879],{"className":28,"code":17878,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[33,17880,17881],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,17882,17883,17885,17887,17889,17891,17893,17895,17897,17899,17901,17903,17905,17907,17909,17911,17913,17915,17917,17919,17921,17923,17925,17927],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,17884,192],{"class":50},[36,17886,211],{"class":87},[36,17888,8021],{"class":91},[36,17890,211],{"class":87},[36,17892,1213],{"class":50},[36,17894,220],{"class":87},[36,17896,17834],{"class":91},[36,17898,211],{"class":87},[36,17900,58],{"class":50},[36,17902,220],{"class":87},[36,17904,15290],{"class":91},[36,17906,211],{"class":87},[36,17908,1213],{"class":50},[36,17910,220],{"class":87},[36,17912,17857],{"class":91},[36,17914,211],{"class":87},[36,17916,58],{"class":50},[36,17918,220],{"class":87},[36,17920,17652],{"class":91},[36,17922,211],{"class":87},[36,17924,1213],{"class":50},[36,17926,3893],{"class":1143},[36,17928,69],{"class":50},[14,17930,17931,17932,303],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[294,17933,17935],{"href":17934},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[21,17937,17939],{"id":17938},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[14,17941,17942],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[246,17944,17945,17950,17955],{},[249,17946,17947,17949],{},[33,17948,3831],{}," (list)",[249,17951,17952,17954],{},[33,17953,864],{}," (dictionary)",[249,17956,17957,17959],{},[33,17958,239],{}," (set)",[14,17961,17962,17963,303],{},"All keys will point to the ",[180,17964,17965],{},"same object",[376,17967,17969],{"id":17968},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[26,17971,17973],{"className":28,"code":17972,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[33,17974,17975,18007,18028,18032,18054,18058],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,17976,17977,17979,17981,17983,17985,17987,17989,17991,17993,17995,17997,17999,18001,18003,18005],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,17978,17272],{"class":42},[36,17980,47],{"class":46},[36,17982,1333],{"class":50},[36,17984,88],{"class":87},[36,17986,294],{"class":91},[36,17988,88],{"class":87},[36,17990,58],{"class":50},[36,17992,99],{"class":87},[36,17994,1707],{"class":91},[36,17996,88],{"class":87},[36,17998,58],{"class":50},[36,18000,99],{"class":87},[36,18002,9770],{"class":91},[36,18004,88],{"class":87},[36,18006,1355],{"class":50},[36,18008,18009,18011,18013,18015,18017,18019,18021,18023,18025],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,18010,9200],{"class":42},[36,18012,47],{"class":46},[36,18014,9205],{"class":80},[36,18016,303],{"class":50},[36,18018,17313],{"class":148},[36,18020,145],{"class":50},[36,18022,16953],{"class":148},[36,18024,58],{"class":50},[36,18026,18027],{"class":50}," [])\n",[36,18029,18030],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,18031,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,18033,18034,18036,18038,18040,18042,18044,18046,18048,18050,18052],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,18035,9239],{"class":42},[36,18037,3941],{"class":50},[36,18039,88],{"class":87},[36,18041,294],{"class":91},[36,18043,88],{"class":87},[36,18045,13583],{"class":50},[36,18047,13586],{"class":148},[36,18049,145],{"class":50},[36,18051,55],{"class":54},[36,18053,152],{"class":50},[36,18055,18056],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,18057,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,18059,18060,18062,18064,18066],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,18061,142],{"class":141},[36,18063,145],{"class":50},[36,18065,9239],{"class":148},[36,18067,152],{"class":50},[14,18069,182],{},[26,18071,18073],{"className":28,"code":18072,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[33,18074,18075],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,18076,18077,18079,18081,18083,18085,18087,18089,18091,18094,18096,18098,18100,18102,18104,18106,18108,18110,18112,18114,18116,18118,18120],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,18078,192],{"class":50},[36,18080,211],{"class":87},[36,18082,294],{"class":91},[36,18084,211],{"class":87},[36,18086,1213],{"class":50},[36,18088,1333],{"class":50},[36,18090,55],{"class":54},[36,18092,18093],{"class":50},"],",[36,18095,220],{"class":87},[36,18097,1707],{"class":91},[36,18099,211],{"class":87},[36,18101,1213],{"class":50},[36,18103,1333],{"class":50},[36,18105,55],{"class":54},[36,18107,18093],{"class":50},[36,18109,220],{"class":87},[36,18111,9770],{"class":91},[36,18113,211],{"class":87},[36,18115,1213],{"class":50},[36,18117,1333],{"class":50},[36,18119,55],{"class":54},[36,18121,1197],{"class":50},[14,18123,18124,18125,18128],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[33,18126,18127],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[376,18130,18132],{"id":18131},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[14,18134,18135,18138],{},[33,18136,18137],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[14,18140,18141],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[14,18143,18144],{},"So this:",[26,18146,18148],{"className":28,"code":18147,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[33,18149,18150],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,18151,18152,18154,18156,18158,18160,18162,18164,18166,18168,18170],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,18153,9239],{"class":42},[36,18155,3941],{"class":50},[36,18157,88],{"class":87},[36,18159,294],{"class":91},[36,18161,88],{"class":87},[36,18163,13583],{"class":50},[36,18165,13586],{"class":148},[36,18167,145],{"class":50},[36,18169,55],{"class":54},[36,18171,152],{"class":50},[14,18173,18174,18175,303],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[33,18176,18127],{},[376,18178,18180],{"id":18179},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[14,18182,18183],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[26,18185,18187],{"className":28,"code":18186,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[33,18188,18189,18221,18248,18252,18274,18278],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,18190,18191,18193,18195,18197,18199,18201,18203,18205,18207,18209,18211,18213,18215,18217,18219],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,18192,17272],{"class":42},[36,18194,47],{"class":46},[36,18196,1333],{"class":50},[36,18198,88],{"class":87},[36,18200,294],{"class":91},[36,18202,88],{"class":87},[36,18204,58],{"class":50},[36,18206,99],{"class":87},[36,18208,1707],{"class":91},[36,18210,88],{"class":87},[36,18212,58],{"class":50},[36,18214,99],{"class":87},[36,18216,9770],{"class":91},[36,18218,88],{"class":87},[36,18220,1355],{"class":50},[36,18222,18223,18225,18227,18229,18231,18233,18236,18238,18241,18243,18246],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,18224,9200],{"class":42},[36,18226,47],{"class":46},[36,18228,51],{"class":50},[36,18230,14874],{"class":42},[36,18232,1213],{"class":50},[36,18234,18235],{"class":50}," []",[36,18237,3918],{"class":3917},[36,18239,18240],{"class":42}," key ",[36,18242,3924],{"class":3917},[36,18244,18245],{"class":42}," keys",[36,18247,69],{"class":50},[36,18249,18250],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,18251,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,18253,18254,18256,18258,18260,18262,18264,18266,18268,18270,18272],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,18255,9239],{"class":42},[36,18257,3941],{"class":50},[36,18259,88],{"class":87},[36,18261,294],{"class":91},[36,18263,88],{"class":87},[36,18265,13583],{"class":50},[36,18267,13586],{"class":148},[36,18269,145],{"class":50},[36,18271,55],{"class":54},[36,18273,152],{"class":50},[36,18275,18276],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,18277,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,18279,18280,18282,18284,18286],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,18281,142],{"class":141},[36,18283,145],{"class":50},[36,18285,9239],{"class":148},[36,18287,152],{"class":50},[14,18289,182],{},[26,18291,18293],{"className":28,"code":18292,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[33,18294,18295],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,18296,18297,18299,18301,18303,18305,18307,18309,18311,18313,18315,18317,18319,18321,18324,18326,18328,18330,18332],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,18298,192],{"class":50},[36,18300,211],{"class":87},[36,18302,294],{"class":91},[36,18304,211],{"class":87},[36,18306,1213],{"class":50},[36,18308,1333],{"class":50},[36,18310,55],{"class":54},[36,18312,18093],{"class":50},[36,18314,220],{"class":87},[36,18316,1707],{"class":91},[36,18318,211],{"class":87},[36,18320,1213],{"class":50},[36,18322,18323],{"class":50}," [],",[36,18325,220],{"class":87},[36,18327,9770],{"class":91},[36,18329,211],{"class":87},[36,18331,1213],{"class":50},[36,18333,18334],{"class":50}," []}\n",[14,18336,18337],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[14,18339,18340],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[21,18342,5000,18344],{"id":18343},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[33,18345,17248],{},[14,18347,18348,18350],{},[33,18349,17253],{}," is a good choice when:",[246,18352,18353,18356,18359],{},[249,18354,18355],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[249,18357,18358],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[249,18360,18361],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[14,18363,2172],{},[26,18365,18367],{"className":28,"code":18366,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[33,18368,18369,18414],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,18370,18371,18374,18376,18378,18380,18382,18384,18386,18389,18391,18393,18395,18397,18399,18401,18403,18406,18408,18410,18412],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,18372,18373],{"class":42},"flags ",[36,18375,47],{"class":46},[36,18377,9205],{"class":80},[36,18379,303],{"class":50},[36,18381,17313],{"class":148},[36,18383,84],{"class":50},[36,18385,88],{"class":87},[36,18387,18388],{"class":91},"is_admin",[36,18390,88],{"class":87},[36,18392,58],{"class":50},[36,18394,99],{"class":87},[36,18396,15112],{"class":91},[36,18398,88],{"class":87},[36,18400,58],{"class":50},[36,18402,99],{"class":87},[36,18404,18405],{"class":91},"is_verified",[36,18407,88],{"class":87},[36,18409,18093],{"class":50},[36,18411,3948],{"class":1143},[36,18413,152],{"class":50},[36,18415,18416,18418,18420,18423],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,18417,142],{"class":141},[36,18419,145],{"class":50},[36,18421,18422],{"class":148},"flags",[36,18424,152],{"class":50},[26,18426,18428],{"className":28,"code":18427,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[33,18429,18430,18475],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,18431,18432,18434,18436,18438,18440,18442,18444,18446,18449,18451,18453,18455,18458,18460,18462,18464,18467,18469,18471,18473],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,18433,5103],{"class":42},[36,18435,47],{"class":46},[36,18437,9205],{"class":80},[36,18439,303],{"class":50},[36,18441,17313],{"class":148},[36,18443,84],{"class":50},[36,18445,88],{"class":87},[36,18447,18448],{"class":91},"math",[36,18450,88],{"class":87},[36,18452,58],{"class":50},[36,18454,99],{"class":87},[36,18456,18457],{"class":91},"science",[36,18459,88],{"class":87},[36,18461,58],{"class":50},[36,18463,99],{"class":87},[36,18465,18466],{"class":91},"history",[36,18468,88],{"class":87},[36,18470,18093],{"class":50},[36,18472,3875],{"class":54},[36,18474,152],{"class":50},[36,18476,18477,18479,18481,18483],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,18478,142],{"class":141},[36,18480,145],{"class":50},[36,18482,16418],{"class":148},[36,18484,152],{"class":50},[14,18486,18487,18488,18490],{},"It is ",[180,18489,870],{}," the best choice when:",[246,18492,18493,18496],{},[249,18494,18495],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[249,18497,18498],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[21,18500,18502,18504],{"id":18501},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[33,18503,17248],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[14,18506,18507,18509],{},[33,18508,17248],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[376,18511,1462,18513],{"id":18512},"using-fromkeys",[33,18514,17248],{},[26,18516,18518],{"className":28,"code":18517,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[33,18519,18520,18565],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,18521,18522,18524,18526,18528,18530,18532,18534,18536,18539,18541,18543,18545,18548,18550,18552,18554,18557,18559,18561,18563],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,18523,13858],{"class":42},[36,18525,47],{"class":46},[36,18527,9205],{"class":80},[36,18529,303],{"class":50},[36,18531,17313],{"class":148},[36,18533,84],{"class":50},[36,18535,88],{"class":87},[36,18537,18538],{"class":91},"sound",[36,18540,88],{"class":87},[36,18542,58],{"class":50},[36,18544,99],{"class":87},[36,18546,18547],{"class":91},"music",[36,18549,88],{"class":87},[36,18551,58],{"class":50},[36,18553,99],{"class":87},[36,18555,18556],{"class":91},"notifications",[36,18558,88],{"class":87},[36,18560,18093],{"class":50},[36,18562,1144],{"class":1143},[36,18564,152],{"class":50},[36,18566,18567,18569,18571,18573],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,18568,142],{"class":141},[36,18570,145],{"class":50},[36,18572,13917],{"class":148},[36,18574,152],{"class":50},[376,18576,18578],{"id":18577},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[26,18580,18582],{"className":28,"code":18581,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[33,18583,18584,18592,18606,18620,18632,18636],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,18585,18586,18588,18590],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,18587,13858],{"class":42},[36,18589,47],{"class":46},[36,18591,11523],{"class":50},[36,18593,18594,18596,18598,18600,18602,18604],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,18595,11528],{"class":87},[36,18597,18538],{"class":91},[36,18599,88],{"class":87},[36,18601,1213],{"class":50},[36,18603,1144],{"class":1143},[36,18605,11544],{"class":50},[36,18607,18608,18610,18612,18614,18616,18618],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,18609,11528],{"class":87},[36,18611,18547],{"class":91},[36,18613,88],{"class":87},[36,18615,1213],{"class":50},[36,18617,3948],{"class":1143},[36,18619,11544],{"class":50},[36,18621,18622,18624,18626,18628,18630],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,18623,11528],{"class":87},[36,18625,18556],{"class":91},[36,18627,88],{"class":87},[36,18629,1213],{"class":50},[36,18631,6462],{"class":1143},[36,18633,18634],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,18635,69],{"class":50},[36,18637,18638,18640,18642,18644],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,18639,142],{"class":141},[36,18641,145],{"class":50},[36,18643,13917],{"class":148},[36,18645,152],{"class":50},[14,18647,18648],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[376,18650,18652],{"id":18651},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[26,18654,18656],{"className":28,"code":18655,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[33,18657,18658,18690,18714],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,18659,18660,18662,18664,18666,18668,18670,18672,18674,18676,18678,18680,18682,18684,18686,18688],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,18661,17272],{"class":42},[36,18663,47],{"class":46},[36,18665,1333],{"class":50},[36,18667,88],{"class":87},[36,18669,294],{"class":91},[36,18671,88],{"class":87},[36,18673,58],{"class":50},[36,18675,99],{"class":87},[36,18677,1707],{"class":91},[36,18679,88],{"class":87},[36,18681,58],{"class":50},[36,18683,99],{"class":87},[36,18685,9770],{"class":91},[36,18687,88],{"class":87},[36,18689,1355],{"class":50},[36,18691,18692,18694,18696,18698,18700,18702,18704,18706,18708,18710,18712],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,18693,9200],{"class":42},[36,18695,47],{"class":46},[36,18697,51],{"class":50},[36,18699,14874],{"class":42},[36,18701,1213],{"class":50},[36,18703,18235],{"class":50},[36,18705,3918],{"class":3917},[36,18707,18240],{"class":42},[36,18709,3924],{"class":3917},[36,18711,18245],{"class":42},[36,18713,69],{"class":50},[36,18715,18716,18718,18720,18722],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,18717,142],{"class":141},[36,18719,145],{"class":50},[36,18721,9239],{"class":148},[36,18723,152],{"class":50},[14,18725,18726],{},"Use:",[246,18728,18729,18734,18737],{},[249,18730,18731,18733],{},[33,18732,17248],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[249,18735,18736],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[249,18738,18739],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[14,18741,18742,18743,303],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[294,18744,10767,18745,1939],{"href":14065},[33,18746,14987],{},[21,18748,1455],{"id":1454},[14,18750,14766,18751,303],{},[33,18752,17253],{},[376,18754,18756],{"id":18755},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[26,18758,18760],{"className":28,"code":18759,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[33,18761,18762,18795,18818],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,18763,18764,18767,18769,18771,18773,18775,18777,18779,18781,18783,18785,18787,18789,18791,18793],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,18765,18766],{"class":42},"d ",[36,18768,47],{"class":46},[36,18770,9205],{"class":80},[36,18772,303],{"class":50},[36,18774,17313],{"class":148},[36,18776,84],{"class":50},[36,18778,88],{"class":87},[36,18780,294],{"class":91},[36,18782,88],{"class":87},[36,18784,58],{"class":50},[36,18786,99],{"class":87},[36,18788,1707],{"class":91},[36,18790,88],{"class":87},[36,18792,18093],{"class":50},[36,18794,18027],{"class":50},[36,18796,18797,18800,18802,18804,18806,18808,18810,18812,18814,18816],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,18798,18799],{"class":42},"d",[36,18801,3941],{"class":50},[36,18803,88],{"class":87},[36,18805,294],{"class":91},[36,18807,88],{"class":87},[36,18809,13583],{"class":50},[36,18811,13586],{"class":148},[36,18813,145],{"class":50},[36,18815,55],{"class":54},[36,18817,152],{"class":50},[36,18819,18820,18822,18824,18826],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,18821,142],{"class":141},[36,18823,145],{"class":50},[36,18825,18799],{"class":148},[36,18827,152],{"class":50},[14,18829,182],{},[26,18831,18833],{"className":28,"code":18832,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[33,18834,18835],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,18836,18837,18839,18841,18843,18845,18847,18849,18851,18853,18855,18857,18859,18861,18863,18865],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,18838,192],{"class":50},[36,18840,211],{"class":87},[36,18842,294],{"class":91},[36,18844,211],{"class":87},[36,18846,1213],{"class":50},[36,18848,1333],{"class":50},[36,18850,55],{"class":54},[36,18852,18093],{"class":50},[36,18854,220],{"class":87},[36,18856,1707],{"class":91},[36,18858,211],{"class":87},[36,18860,1213],{"class":50},[36,18862,1333],{"class":50},[36,18864,55],{"class":54},[36,18866,1197],{"class":50},[14,18868,18869],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[14,18871,18872],{},"Use this instead:",[26,18874,18876],{"className":28,"code":18875,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[33,18877,18878,18902,18926],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,18879,18880,18882,18884,18886,18888,18890,18892,18894,18896,18898,18900],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,18881,17272],{"class":42},[36,18883,47],{"class":46},[36,18885,1333],{"class":50},[36,18887,88],{"class":87},[36,18889,294],{"class":91},[36,18891,88],{"class":87},[36,18893,58],{"class":50},[36,18895,99],{"class":87},[36,18897,1707],{"class":91},[36,18899,88],{"class":87},[36,18901,1355],{"class":50},[36,18903,18904,18906,18908,18910,18912,18914,18916,18918,18920,18922,18924],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,18905,18766],{"class":42},[36,18907,47],{"class":46},[36,18909,51],{"class":50},[36,18911,14874],{"class":42},[36,18913,1213],{"class":50},[36,18915,18235],{"class":50},[36,18917,3918],{"class":3917},[36,18919,18240],{"class":42},[36,18921,3924],{"class":3917},[36,18923,18245],{"class":42},[36,18925,69],{"class":50},[36,18927,18928,18930,18932,18934],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,18929,142],{"class":141},[36,18931,145],{"class":50},[36,18933,18799],{"class":148},[36,18935,152],{"class":50},[376,18937,18939,18940,18942],{"id":18938},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[33,18941,17248],{}," on a list",[14,18944,18945],{},"Wrong idea:",[26,18947,18949],{"className":28,"code":18948,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[33,18950,18951,18983],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,18952,18953,18955,18957,18959,18961,18963,18965,18967,18969,18971,18973,18975,18977,18979,18981],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,18954,17272],{"class":42},[36,18956,47],{"class":46},[36,18958,1333],{"class":50},[36,18960,88],{"class":87},[36,18962,294],{"class":91},[36,18964,88],{"class":87},[36,18966,58],{"class":50},[36,18968,99],{"class":87},[36,18970,1707],{"class":91},[36,18972,88],{"class":87},[36,18974,58],{"class":50},[36,18976,99],{"class":87},[36,18978,9770],{"class":91},[36,18980,88],{"class":87},[36,18982,1355],{"class":50},[36,18984,18985],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,18986,18987],{"class":1617},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[14,18989,18990,18992,18993,18995,18996,303],{},[33,18991,17248],{}," belongs to ",[33,18994,936],{},", not ",[33,18997,1225],{},[14,18999,19000],{},"Correct usage:",[26,19002,19004],{"className":28,"code":19003,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[33,19005,19006,19038,19060],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,19007,19008,19010,19012,19014,19016,19018,19020,19022,19024,19026,19028,19030,19032,19034,19036],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,19009,17272],{"class":42},[36,19011,47],{"class":46},[36,19013,1333],{"class":50},[36,19015,88],{"class":87},[36,19017,294],{"class":91},[36,19019,88],{"class":87},[36,19021,58],{"class":50},[36,19023,99],{"class":87},[36,19025,1707],{"class":91},[36,19027,88],{"class":87},[36,19029,58],{"class":50},[36,19031,99],{"class":87},[36,19033,9770],{"class":91},[36,19035,88],{"class":87},[36,19037,1355],{"class":50},[36,19039,19040,19042,19044,19046,19048,19050,19052,19054,19056,19058],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,19041,18766],{"class":42},[36,19043,47],{"class":46},[36,19045,9205],{"class":80},[36,19047,303],{"class":50},[36,19049,17313],{"class":148},[36,19051,145],{"class":50},[36,19053,16953],{"class":148},[36,19055,58],{"class":50},[36,19057,3875],{"class":54},[36,19059,152],{"class":50},[36,19061,19062,19064,19066,19068],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,19063,142],{"class":141},[36,19065,145],{"class":50},[36,19067,18799],{"class":148},[36,19069,152],{"class":50},[376,19071,8489,19073,19075],{"id":19072},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[33,19074,17248],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[14,19077,19078,19080],{},[33,19079,17253],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[26,19082,19084],{"className":28,"code":19083,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[33,19085,19086,19106,19140,19144,19154],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,19087,19088,19090,19092,19094,19096,19098,19100,19102,19104],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,19089,12116],{"class":42},[36,19091,47],{"class":46},[36,19093,51],{"class":50},[36,19095,88],{"class":87},[36,19097,2222],{"class":91},[36,19099,88],{"class":87},[36,19101,1213],{"class":50},[36,19103,1340],{"class":54},[36,19105,69],{"class":50},[36,19107,19108,19110,19112,19114,19116,19118,19120,19122,19124,19126,19128,19130,19132,19134,19136,19138],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,19109,13070],{"class":42},[36,19111,47],{"class":46},[36,19113,9205],{"class":80},[36,19115,303],{"class":50},[36,19117,17313],{"class":148},[36,19119,84],{"class":50},[36,19121,88],{"class":87},[36,19123,294],{"class":91},[36,19125,88],{"class":87},[36,19127,58],{"class":50},[36,19129,99],{"class":87},[36,19131,1707],{"class":91},[36,19133,88],{"class":87},[36,19135,18093],{"class":50},[36,19137,3875],{"class":54},[36,19139,152],{"class":50},[36,19141,19142],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,19143,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,19145,19146,19148,19150,19152],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,19147,142],{"class":141},[36,19149,145],{"class":50},[36,19151,12163],{"class":148},[36,19153,152],{"class":50},[36,19155,19156,19158,19160,19163],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,19157,142],{"class":141},[36,19159,145],{"class":50},[36,19161,19162],{"class":148},"new_dict",[36,19164,152],{"class":50},[14,19166,182],{},[26,19168,19170],{"className":28,"code":19169,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[33,19171,19172,19188],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,19173,19174,19176,19178,19180,19182,19184,19186],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,19175,192],{"class":50},[36,19177,211],{"class":87},[36,19179,2222],{"class":91},[36,19181,211],{"class":87},[36,19183,1213],{"class":50},[36,19185,1340],{"class":54},[36,19187,69],{"class":50},[36,19189,19190,19192,19194,19196,19198,19200,19202,19204,19206,19208,19210,19212,19214],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,19191,192],{"class":50},[36,19193,211],{"class":87},[36,19195,294],{"class":91},[36,19197,211],{"class":87},[36,19199,1213],{"class":50},[36,19201,3875],{"class":54},[36,19203,58],{"class":50},[36,19205,220],{"class":87},[36,19207,1707],{"class":91},[36,19209,211],{"class":87},[36,19211,1213],{"class":50},[36,19213,3875],{"class":54},[36,19215,69],{"class":50},[14,19217,19218,19219,303],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[294,19220,10767,19221,1939],{"href":14065},[33,19222,14987],{},[376,19224,19226,19227],{"id":19225},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[33,19228,3822],{},[26,19230,19232],{"className":28,"code":19231,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[33,19233,19234,19264],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,19235,19236,19238,19240,19242,19244,19246,19248,19250,19252,19254,19256,19258,19260,19262],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,19237,18766],{"class":42},[36,19239,47],{"class":46},[36,19241,9205],{"class":80},[36,19243,303],{"class":50},[36,19245,17313],{"class":148},[36,19247,84],{"class":50},[36,19249,88],{"class":87},[36,19251,2222],{"class":91},[36,19253,88],{"class":87},[36,19255,58],{"class":50},[36,19257,99],{"class":87},[36,19259,11775],{"class":91},[36,19261,88],{"class":87},[36,19263,115],{"class":50},[36,19265,19266,19268,19270,19272],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,19267,142],{"class":141},[36,19269,145],{"class":50},[36,19271,18799],{"class":148},[36,19273,152],{"class":50},[14,19275,182],{},[26,19277,19279],{"className":28,"code":19278,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[33,19280,19281],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,19282,19283,19285,19287,19289,19291,19293,19295,19297,19299,19301,19303,19305,19307],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,19284,192],{"class":50},[36,19286,211],{"class":87},[36,19288,2222],{"class":91},[36,19290,211],{"class":87},[36,19292,1213],{"class":50},[36,19294,3893],{"class":1143},[36,19296,58],{"class":50},[36,19298,220],{"class":87},[36,19300,11775],{"class":91},[36,19302,211],{"class":87},[36,19304,1213],{"class":50},[36,19306,3893],{"class":1143},[36,19308,69],{"class":50},[14,19310,19311,19312,303],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[33,19313,3822],{},[21,19315,19317],{"id":19316},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[14,19319,19320,19321,19323],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[33,19322,17248],{}," works.",[26,19325,19327],{"className":28,"code":19326,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[33,19328,19329],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,19330,19331,19333,19335,19337,19339,19341,19343,19345,19347,19349,19351,19353,19355,19357,19359,19361],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,19332,142],{"class":141},[36,19334,145],{"class":50},[36,19336,936],{"class":80},[36,19338,303],{"class":50},[36,19340,17313],{"class":148},[36,19342,84],{"class":50},[36,19344,88],{"class":87},[36,19346,294],{"class":91},[36,19348,88],{"class":87},[36,19350,58],{"class":50},[36,19352,99],{"class":87},[36,19354,1707],{"class":91},[36,19356,88],{"class":87},[36,19358,18093],{"class":50},[36,19360,3875],{"class":54},[36,19362,445],{"class":50},[26,19364,19365],{"className":28,"code":19231,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,19366,19367,19397],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,19368,19369,19371,19373,19375,19377,19379,19381,19383,19385,19387,19389,19391,19393,19395],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,19370,18766],{"class":42},[36,19372,47],{"class":46},[36,19374,9205],{"class":80},[36,19376,303],{"class":50},[36,19378,17313],{"class":148},[36,19380,84],{"class":50},[36,19382,88],{"class":87},[36,19384,2222],{"class":91},[36,19386,88],{"class":87},[36,19388,58],{"class":50},[36,19390,99],{"class":87},[36,19392,11775],{"class":91},[36,19394,88],{"class":87},[36,19396,115],{"class":50},[36,19398,19399,19401,19403,19405],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,19400,142],{"class":141},[36,19402,145],{"class":50},[36,19404,18799],{"class":148},[36,19406,152],{"class":50},[26,19408,19409],{"className":28,"code":18759,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,19410,19411,19443,19465],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,19412,19413,19415,19417,19419,19421,19423,19425,19427,19429,19431,19433,19435,19437,19439,19441],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,19414,18766],{"class":42},[36,19416,47],{"class":46},[36,19418,9205],{"class":80},[36,19420,303],{"class":50},[36,19422,17313],{"class":148},[36,19424,84],{"class":50},[36,19426,88],{"class":87},[36,19428,294],{"class":91},[36,19430,88],{"class":87},[36,19432,58],{"class":50},[36,19434,99],{"class":87},[36,19436,1707],{"class":91},[36,19438,88],{"class":87},[36,19440,18093],{"class":50},[36,19442,18027],{"class":50},[36,19444,19445,19447,19449,19451,19453,19455,19457,19459,19461,19463],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,19446,18799],{"class":42},[36,19448,3941],{"class":50},[36,19450,88],{"class":87},[36,19452,294],{"class":91},[36,19454,88],{"class":87},[36,19456,13583],{"class":50},[36,19458,13586],{"class":148},[36,19460,145],{"class":50},[36,19462,55],{"class":54},[36,19464,152],{"class":50},[36,19466,19467,19469,19471,19473],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,19468,142],{"class":141},[36,19470,145],{"class":50},[36,19472,18799],{"class":148},[36,19474,152],{"class":50},[26,19476,19478],{"className":28,"code":19477,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[33,19479,19480],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,19481,19482,19484,19486,19488,19490,19492,19494,19496,19498,19500,19502,19504,19506,19508,19510,19512,19514,19516],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,19483,142],{"class":141},[36,19485,145],{"class":50},[36,19487,818],{"class":80},[36,19489,145],{"class":50},[36,19491,936],{"class":80},[36,19493,303],{"class":50},[36,19495,17313],{"class":148},[36,19497,84],{"class":50},[36,19499,55],{"class":54},[36,19501,58],{"class":50},[36,19503,61],{"class":54},[36,19505,58],{"class":50},[36,19507,66],{"class":54},[36,19509,18093],{"class":50},[36,19511,99],{"class":87},[36,19513,1495],{"class":91},[36,19515,88],{"class":87},[36,19517,2961],{"class":50},[21,19519,1872],{"id":1871},[376,19521,12735,19523,19525],{"id":19522},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[33,19524,17248],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[14,19527,19528],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[376,19530,19532],{"id":19531},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[14,19534,19535,19536,303],{},"Each key gets ",[33,19537,3822],{},[376,19539,19541],{"id":19540},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[14,19543,19544],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[376,19546,19548],{"id":19547},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[14,19550,18183],{},[26,19552,19554],{"className":28,"code":19553,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[33,19555,19556,19588],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,19557,19558,19560,19562,19564,19566,19568,19570,19572,19574,19576,19578,19580,19582,19584,19586],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,19559,17272],{"class":42},[36,19561,47],{"class":46},[36,19563,1333],{"class":50},[36,19565,88],{"class":87},[36,19567,294],{"class":91},[36,19569,88],{"class":87},[36,19571,58],{"class":50},[36,19573,99],{"class":87},[36,19575,1707],{"class":91},[36,19577,88],{"class":87},[36,19579,58],{"class":50},[36,19581,99],{"class":87},[36,19583,9770],{"class":91},[36,19585,88],{"class":87},[36,19587,1355],{"class":50},[36,19589,19590,19592,19594,19596,19598,19600,19602,19604,19606,19608,19610],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,19591,9200],{"class":42},[36,19593,47],{"class":46},[36,19595,51],{"class":50},[36,19597,14874],{"class":42},[36,19599,1213],{"class":50},[36,19601,18235],{"class":50},[36,19603,3918],{"class":3917},[36,19605,18240],{"class":42},[36,19607,3924],{"class":3917},[36,19609,18245],{"class":42},[36,19611,69],{"class":50},[21,19613,1923],{"id":1922},[246,19615,19616,19620,19624,19628,19634],{},[249,19617,19618],{},[294,19619,11272],{"href":13058},[249,19621,19622],{},[294,19623,9190],{"href":13055},[249,19625,19626],{},[294,19627,11281],{"href":17934},[249,19629,19630],{},[294,19631,10767,19632,1939],{"href":14065},[33,19633,14987],{},[249,19635,19636],{},[294,19637,10767,19638,1939],{"href":15032},[33,19639,12808],{},[14,19641,495,19642,19644],{},[33,19643,17253],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1962,19646,19647],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":19649},[19650,19651,19653,19657,19658,19660,19665,19667,19674,19683,19684,19691],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":17353,"depth":72,"text":19652},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17397,"depth":72,"text":17398,"children":19654},[19655,19656],{"id":17424,"depth":118,"text":17425},{"id":17448,"depth":118,"text":17449},{"id":5825,"depth":72,"text":5826},{"id":17609,"depth":72,"text":19659},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17938,"depth":72,"text":17939,"children":19661},[19662,19663,19664],{"id":17968,"depth":118,"text":17969},{"id":18131,"depth":118,"text":18132},{"id":18179,"depth":118,"text":18180},{"id":18343,"depth":72,"text":19666},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18501,"depth":72,"text":19668,"children":19669},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19670,19672,19673],{"id":18512,"depth":118,"text":19671},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18577,"depth":118,"text":18578},{"id":18651,"depth":118,"text":18652},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455,"children":19675},[19676,19677,19679,19681],{"id":18755,"depth":118,"text":18756},{"id":18938,"depth":118,"text":19678},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19072,"depth":118,"text":19680},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19225,"depth":118,"text":19682},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19316,"depth":72,"text":19317},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":19685},[19686,19688,19689,19690],{"id":19522,"depth":118,"text":19687},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19531,"depth":118,"text":19532},{"id":19540,"depth":118,"text":19541},{"id":19547,"depth":118,"text":19548},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17240,"description":19692},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19699,"title":19700,"body":19701,"description":21530,"extension":2009,"meta":21531,"navigation":134,"path":21532,"seo":21533,"stem":21534,"__hash__":21535},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19702,"toc":21497},[19703,19708,19714,19725,19855,19862,19867,19871,19887,19889,19987,19990,20007,20011,20013,20018,20056,20059,20077,20079,20197,20202,20206,20222,20225,20361,20364,20369,20375,20378,20415,20418,20422,20427,20503,20507,20512,20594,20596,20612,20617,20621,20627,20696,20699,20716,20719,20801,20807,20810,20830,20834,20839,20845,20851,20922,20925,20931,20934,21008,21014,21020,21028,21038,21040,21135,21141,21146,21233,21239,21241,21246,21268,21271,21366,21369,21400,21413,21415,21423,21429,21435,21438,21444,21449,21456,21461,21463,21494],[10,19704,11348,19706,11352],{"id":19705},"python-dictionary-get-method",[33,19707,10770],{},[14,19709,19710,19711,19713],{},"The dictionary ",[33,19712,10770],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[14,19715,19716,19717,2238,19720,2448,19722,19724],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[33,19718,19719],{},"KeyError",[33,19721,10770],{},[33,19723,3822],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[26,19726,19728],{"className":28,"code":19727,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[33,19729,19730,19766,19770,19796,19821],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,19731,19732,19734,19736,19738,19740,19742,19744,19746,19748,19750,19752,19754,19756,19758,19760,19762,19764],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,19733,13237],{"class":42},[36,19735,47],{"class":46},[36,19737,51],{"class":50},[36,19739,88],{"class":87},[36,19741,1250],{"class":91},[36,19743,88],{"class":87},[36,19745,1213],{"class":50},[36,19747,99],{"class":87},[36,19749,12912],{"class":91},[36,19751,88],{"class":87},[36,19753,58],{"class":50},[36,19755,99],{"class":87},[36,19757,9331],{"class":91},[36,19759,88],{"class":87},[36,19761,1213],{"class":50},[36,19763,9338],{"class":54},[36,19765,69],{"class":50},[36,19767,19768],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,19769,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,19771,19772,19774,19776,19778,19780,19783,19785,19787,19789,19791,19793],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,19773,142],{"class":141},[36,19775,145],{"class":50},[36,19777,17337],{"class":148},[36,19779,303],{"class":50},[36,19781,19782],{"class":148},"get",[36,19784,145],{"class":50},[36,19786,88],{"class":87},[36,19788,1250],{"class":91},[36,19790,88],{"class":87},[36,19792,5402],{"class":50},[36,19794,19795],{"class":1617},"           # Ana\n",[36,19797,19798,19800,19802,19804,19806,19808,19810,19812,19814,19816,19818],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,19799,142],{"class":141},[36,19801,145],{"class":50},[36,19803,17337],{"class":148},[36,19805,303],{"class":50},[36,19807,19782],{"class":148},[36,19809,145],{"class":50},[36,19811,88],{"class":87},[36,19813,10439],{"class":91},[36,19815,88],{"class":87},[36,19817,5402],{"class":50},[36,19819,19820],{"class":1617},"           # None\n",[36,19822,19823,19825,19827,19829,19831,19833,19835,19837,19839,19841,19843,19845,19848,19850,19852],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,19824,142],{"class":141},[36,19826,145],{"class":50},[36,19828,17337],{"class":148},[36,19830,303],{"class":50},[36,19832,19782],{"class":148},[36,19834,145],{"class":50},[36,19836,88],{"class":87},[36,19838,10439],{"class":91},[36,19840,88],{"class":87},[36,19842,58],{"class":50},[36,19844,99],{"class":87},[36,19846,19847],{"class":91},"N\u002FA",[36,19849,88],{"class":87},[36,19851,5402],{"class":50},[36,19853,19854],{"class":1617},"    # N\u002FA\n",[14,19856,495,19857,19859,19860,303],{},[33,19858,10770],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[33,19861,19719],{},[21,19863,3720,19865,3723],{"id":19864},"what-get-does",[33,19866,10770],{},[14,19868,2026,19869,11443],{},[33,19870,10770],{},[246,19872,19873,19876,19881,19884],{},[249,19874,19875],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[249,19877,11454,19878,19880],{},[33,19879,3822],{}," if the key does not exist",[249,19882,19883],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[249,19885,19886],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[14,19888,2257],{},[26,19890,19892],{"className":28,"code":19891,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[33,19893,19894,19933,19937,19962],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,19895,19896,19898,19900,19902,19904,19906,19908,19910,19912,19915,19917,19919,19921,19924,19926,19928,19931],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,19897,12895],{"class":42},[36,19899,47],{"class":46},[36,19901,51],{"class":50},[36,19903,88],{"class":87},[36,19905,1250],{"class":91},[36,19907,88],{"class":87},[36,19909,1213],{"class":50},[36,19911,99],{"class":87},[36,19913,19914],{"class":91},"Lina",[36,19916,88],{"class":87},[36,19918,58],{"class":50},[36,19920,99],{"class":87},[36,19922,19923],{"class":91},"grade",[36,19925,88],{"class":87},[36,19927,1213],{"class":50},[36,19929,19930],{"class":54}," 90",[36,19932,69],{"class":50},[36,19934,19935],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,19936,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,19938,19939,19941,19943,19945,19947,19949,19951,19953,19955,19957,19959],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,19940,142],{"class":141},[36,19942,145],{"class":50},[36,19944,13659],{"class":148},[36,19946,303],{"class":50},[36,19948,19782],{"class":148},[36,19950,145],{"class":50},[36,19952,88],{"class":87},[36,19954,1250],{"class":91},[36,19956,88],{"class":87},[36,19958,5402],{"class":50},[36,19960,19961],{"class":1617},"     # Lina\n",[36,19963,19964,19966,19968,19970,19972,19974,19976,19978,19980,19982,19984],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,19965,142],{"class":141},[36,19967,145],{"class":50},[36,19969,13659],{"class":148},[36,19971,303],{"class":50},[36,19973,19782],{"class":148},[36,19975,145],{"class":50},[36,19977,88],{"class":87},[36,19979,15290],{"class":91},[36,19981,88],{"class":87},[36,19983,5402],{"class":50},[36,19985,19986],{"class":1617},"    # None\n",[14,19988,19989],{},"In this example:",[246,19991,19992,19997],{},[249,19993,19994,19996],{},[33,19995,15271],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[249,19998,19999,20002,20003,2448,20005],{},[33,20000,20001],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[33,20004,10770],{},[33,20006,3822],{},[14,20008,13052,20009,303],{},[294,20010,9190],{"href":9189},[21,20012,2205],{"id":2204},[14,20014,20015,20016,1213],{},"There are two common forms of ",[33,20017,10770],{},[26,20019,20021],{"className":28,"code":20020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[33,20022,20023,20037],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,20024,20025,20027,20029,20031,20033,20035],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,20026,15636],{"class":42},[36,20028,303],{"class":50},[36,20030,19782],{"class":148},[36,20032,145],{"class":50},[36,20034,14874],{"class":148},[36,20036,152],{"class":50},[36,20038,20039,20041,20043,20045,20047,20049,20051,20054],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,20040,15636],{"class":42},[36,20042,303],{"class":50},[36,20044,19782],{"class":148},[36,20046,145],{"class":50},[36,20048,14874],{"class":148},[36,20050,58],{"class":50},[36,20052,20053],{"class":148}," default_value",[36,20055,152],{"class":50},[14,20057,20058],{},"What each part means:",[246,20060,20061,20066,20072],{},[249,20062,20063,20065],{},[33,20064,14874],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[249,20067,20068,20071],{},[33,20069,20070],{},"default_value"," is optional",[249,20073,20074,20075],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[33,20076,3822],{},[14,20078,2257],{},[26,20080,20082],{"className":28,"code":20081,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[33,20083,20084,20108,20112,20137,20163],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,20085,20086,20088,20090,20092,20094,20096,20098,20100,20102,20104,20106],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,20087,13858],{"class":42},[36,20089,47],{"class":46},[36,20091,51],{"class":50},[36,20093,88],{"class":87},[36,20095,12525],{"class":91},[36,20097,88],{"class":87},[36,20099,1213],{"class":50},[36,20101,99],{"class":87},[36,20103,12534],{"class":91},[36,20105,88],{"class":87},[36,20107,69],{"class":50},[36,20109,20110],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,20111,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,20113,20114,20116,20118,20120,20122,20124,20126,20128,20130,20132,20134],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,20115,142],{"class":141},[36,20117,145],{"class":50},[36,20119,13917],{"class":148},[36,20121,303],{"class":50},[36,20123,19782],{"class":148},[36,20125,145],{"class":50},[36,20127,88],{"class":87},[36,20129,12525],{"class":91},[36,20131,88],{"class":87},[36,20133,5402],{"class":50},[36,20135,20136],{"class":1617},"            # dark\n",[36,20138,20139,20141,20143,20145,20147,20149,20151,20153,20156,20158,20160],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,20140,142],{"class":141},[36,20142,145],{"class":50},[36,20144,13917],{"class":148},[36,20146,303],{"class":50},[36,20148,19782],{"class":148},[36,20150,145],{"class":50},[36,20152,88],{"class":87},[36,20154,20155],{"class":91},"language",[36,20157,88],{"class":87},[36,20159,5402],{"class":50},[36,20161,20162],{"class":1617},"         # None\n",[36,20164,20165,20167,20169,20171,20173,20175,20177,20179,20181,20183,20185,20187,20190,20192,20194],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,20166,142],{"class":141},[36,20168,145],{"class":50},[36,20170,13917],{"class":148},[36,20172,303],{"class":50},[36,20174,19782],{"class":148},[36,20176,145],{"class":50},[36,20178,88],{"class":87},[36,20180,20155],{"class":91},[36,20182,88],{"class":87},[36,20184,58],{"class":50},[36,20186,99],{"class":87},[36,20188,20189],{"class":91},"en",[36,20191,88],{"class":87},[36,20193,5402],{"class":50},[36,20195,20196],{"class":1617},"   # en\n",[21,20198,5000,20200],{"id":20199},"when-to-use-get",[33,20201,10770],{},[14,20203,495,20204,10631],{},[33,20205,10770],{},[246,20207,20208,20211,20216,20219],{},[249,20209,20210],{},"A key might not exist",[249,20212,20213,20214],{},"You want to avoid ",[33,20215,19719],{},[249,20217,20218],{},"You are reading optional data",[249,20220,20221],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[14,20223,20224],{},"Example with optional user data:",[26,20226,20228],{"className":28,"code":20227,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[33,20229,20230,20272,20276,20301,20327],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,20231,20232,20234,20236,20238,20240,20242,20244,20246,20248,20251,20253,20255,20257,20259,20261,20263,20265,20268,20270],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,20233,11518],{"class":42},[36,20235,47],{"class":46},[36,20237,51],{"class":50},[36,20239,88],{"class":87},[36,20241,8021],{"class":91},[36,20243,88],{"class":87},[36,20245,1213],{"class":50},[36,20247,99],{"class":87},[36,20249,20250],{"class":91},"sam",[36,20252,88],{"class":87},[36,20254,58],{"class":50},[36,20256,99],{"class":87},[36,20258,15290],{"class":91},[36,20260,88],{"class":87},[36,20262,1213],{"class":50},[36,20264,99],{"class":87},[36,20266,20267],{"class":91},"sam@example.com",[36,20269,88],{"class":87},[36,20271,69],{"class":50},[36,20273,20274],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,20275,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,20277,20278,20280,20282,20284,20286,20288,20290,20292,20294,20296,20298],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,20279,142],{"class":141},[36,20281,145],{"class":50},[36,20283,11612],{"class":148},[36,20285,303],{"class":50},[36,20287,19782],{"class":148},[36,20289,145],{"class":50},[36,20291,88],{"class":87},[36,20293,8021],{"class":91},[36,20295,88],{"class":87},[36,20297,5402],{"class":50},[36,20299,20300],{"class":1617},"              # sam\n",[36,20302,20303,20305,20307,20309,20311,20313,20315,20317,20320,20322,20324],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,20304,142],{"class":141},[36,20306,145],{"class":50},[36,20308,11612],{"class":148},[36,20310,303],{"class":50},[36,20312,19782],{"class":148},[36,20314,145],{"class":50},[36,20316,88],{"class":87},[36,20318,20319],{"class":91},"phone",[36,20321,88],{"class":87},[36,20323,5402],{"class":50},[36,20325,20326],{"class":1617},"                 # None\n",[36,20328,20329,20331,20333,20335,20337,20339,20341,20343,20345,20347,20349,20351,20354,20356,20358],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,20330,142],{"class":141},[36,20332,145],{"class":50},[36,20334,11612],{"class":148},[36,20336,303],{"class":50},[36,20338,19782],{"class":148},[36,20340,145],{"class":50},[36,20342,88],{"class":87},[36,20344,20319],{"class":91},[36,20346,88],{"class":87},[36,20348,58],{"class":50},[36,20350,99],{"class":87},[36,20352,20353],{"class":91},"Not provided",[36,20355,88],{"class":87},[36,20357,5402],{"class":50},[36,20359,20360],{"class":1617}," # Not provided\n",[14,20362,20363],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[14,20365,20366,20367,303],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[294,20368,16627],{"href":16626},[21,20370,20372,20374],{"id":20371},"get-vs-square-brackets",[33,20373,10770],{}," vs square brackets",[14,20376,20377],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[26,20379,20381],{"className":28,"code":20380,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[33,20382,20383,20397],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,20384,20385,20387,20389,20391,20393,20395],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,20386,9239],{"class":42},[36,20388,3941],{"class":50},[36,20390,88],{"class":87},[36,20392,14874],{"class":91},[36,20394,88],{"class":87},[36,20396,1355],{"class":50},[36,20398,20399,20401,20403,20405,20407,20409,20411,20413],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,20400,9239],{"class":42},[36,20402,303],{"class":50},[36,20404,19782],{"class":148},[36,20406,145],{"class":50},[36,20408,88],{"class":87},[36,20410,14874],{"class":91},[36,20412,88],{"class":87},[36,20414,152],{"class":50},[14,20416,20417],{},"The difference is important.",[376,20419,20421],{"id":20420},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[14,20423,20424,20425,303],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[33,20426,19719],{},[26,20428,20430],{"className":28,"code":20429,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[33,20431,20432,20456,20460,20482],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,20433,20434,20436,20438,20440,20442,20444,20446,20448,20450,20452,20454],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,20435,9200],{"class":42},[36,20437,47],{"class":46},[36,20439,51],{"class":50},[36,20441,88],{"class":87},[36,20443,1250],{"class":91},[36,20445,88],{"class":87},[36,20447,1213],{"class":50},[36,20449,99],{"class":87},[36,20451,12912],{"class":91},[36,20453,88],{"class":87},[36,20455,69],{"class":50},[36,20457,20458],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,20459,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,20461,20462,20464,20466,20468,20470,20472,20474,20476,20479],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,20463,142],{"class":141},[36,20465,145],{"class":50},[36,20467,9239],{"class":148},[36,20469,3941],{"class":50},[36,20471,88],{"class":87},[36,20473,1250],{"class":91},[36,20475,88],{"class":87},[36,20477,20478],{"class":50},"])",[36,20480,20481],{"class":1617},"   # Ana\n",[36,20483,20484,20486,20488,20490,20492,20494,20496,20498,20500],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,20485,142],{"class":141},[36,20487,145],{"class":50},[36,20489,9239],{"class":148},[36,20491,3941],{"class":50},[36,20493,88],{"class":87},[36,20495,10439],{"class":91},[36,20497,88],{"class":87},[36,20499,20478],{"class":50},[36,20501,20502],{"class":1617},"   # KeyError\n",[376,20504,20505],{"id":19782},[33,20506,10770],{},[14,20508,20509,20511],{},[33,20510,10770],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[26,20513,20515],{"className":28,"code":20514,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[33,20516,20517,20541,20545,20569],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,20518,20519,20521,20523,20525,20527,20529,20531,20533,20535,20537,20539],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,20520,9200],{"class":42},[36,20522,47],{"class":46},[36,20524,51],{"class":50},[36,20526,88],{"class":87},[36,20528,1250],{"class":91},[36,20530,88],{"class":87},[36,20532,1213],{"class":50},[36,20534,99],{"class":87},[36,20536,12912],{"class":91},[36,20538,88],{"class":87},[36,20540,69],{"class":50},[36,20542,20543],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,20544,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,20546,20547,20549,20551,20553,20555,20557,20559,20561,20563,20565,20567],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,20548,142],{"class":141},[36,20550,145],{"class":50},[36,20552,9239],{"class":148},[36,20554,303],{"class":50},[36,20556,19782],{"class":148},[36,20558,145],{"class":50},[36,20560,88],{"class":87},[36,20562,1250],{"class":91},[36,20564,88],{"class":87},[36,20566,5402],{"class":50},[36,20568,20481],{"class":1617},[36,20570,20571,20573,20575,20577,20579,20581,20583,20585,20587,20589,20591],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,20572,142],{"class":141},[36,20574,145],{"class":50},[36,20576,9239],{"class":148},[36,20578,303],{"class":50},[36,20580,19782],{"class":148},[36,20582,145],{"class":50},[36,20584,88],{"class":87},[36,20586,10439],{"class":91},[36,20588,88],{"class":87},[36,20590,5402],{"class":50},[36,20592,20593],{"class":1617},"   # None\n",[14,20595,18726],{},[246,20597,20598,20604],{},[249,20599,20600,20601],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[180,20602,20603],{},"must exist",[249,20605,20606,20608,20609],{},[33,20607,10770],{}," when the key is ",[180,20610,20611],{},"optional",[14,20613,20614,20615,303],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[294,20616,11292],{"href":11104},[21,20618,20620],{"id":20619},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[14,20622,20623,20624,20626],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[33,20625,10770],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[26,20628,20630],{"className":28,"code":20629,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[33,20631,20632,20657,20661],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,20633,20634,20637,20639,20641,20643,20645,20647,20649,20651,20653,20655],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,20635,20636],{"class":42},"profile ",[36,20638,47],{"class":46},[36,20640,51],{"class":50},[36,20642,88],{"class":87},[36,20644,1250],{"class":91},[36,20646,88],{"class":87},[36,20648,1213],{"class":50},[36,20650,99],{"class":87},[36,20652,7957],{"class":91},[36,20654,88],{"class":87},[36,20656,69],{"class":50},[36,20658,20659],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,20660,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,20662,20663,20665,20667,20670,20672,20674,20676,20678,20680,20682,20684,20686,20689,20691,20693],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,20664,142],{"class":141},[36,20666,145],{"class":50},[36,20668,20669],{"class":148},"profile",[36,20671,303],{"class":50},[36,20673,19782],{"class":148},[36,20675,145],{"class":50},[36,20677,88],{"class":87},[36,20679,15293],{"class":91},[36,20681,88],{"class":87},[36,20683,58],{"class":50},[36,20685,99],{"class":87},[36,20687,20688],{"class":91},"Unknown",[36,20690,88],{"class":87},[36,20692,5402],{"class":50},[36,20694,20695],{"class":1617},"  # Unknown\n",[14,20697,20698],{},"This is useful for display text:",[246,20700,20701,20706,20711],{},[249,20702,20703],{},[33,20704,20705],{},"\"Unknown\"",[249,20707,20708],{},[33,20709,20710],{},"\"Not set\"",[249,20712,20713],{},[33,20714,20715],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[14,20717,20718],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[26,20720,20722],{"className":28,"code":20721,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[33,20723,20724,20756,20760,20787],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,20725,20726,20728,20730,20732,20734,20736,20738,20740,20742,20744,20746,20748,20750,20752,20754],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,20727,5103],{"class":42},[36,20729,47],{"class":46},[36,20731,51],{"class":50},[36,20733,88],{"class":87},[36,20735,18448],{"class":91},[36,20737,88],{"class":87},[36,20739,1213],{"class":50},[36,20741,6044],{"class":54},[36,20743,58],{"class":50},[36,20745,99],{"class":87},[36,20747,18457],{"class":91},[36,20749,88],{"class":87},[36,20751,1213],{"class":50},[36,20753,6399],{"class":54},[36,20755,69],{"class":50},[36,20757,20758],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,20759,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,20761,20762,20765,20767,20769,20771,20773,20775,20777,20779,20781,20783,20785],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,20763,20764],{"class":42},"total_history ",[36,20766,47],{"class":46},[36,20768,5150],{"class":42},[36,20770,303],{"class":50},[36,20772,19782],{"class":148},[36,20774,145],{"class":50},[36,20776,88],{"class":87},[36,20778,18466],{"class":91},[36,20780,88],{"class":87},[36,20782,58],{"class":50},[36,20784,3875],{"class":54},[36,20786,152],{"class":50},[36,20788,20789,20791,20793,20796,20798],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,20790,142],{"class":141},[36,20792,145],{"class":50},[36,20794,20795],{"class":148},"total_history",[36,20797,3703],{"class":50},[36,20799,20800],{"class":1617},"   # 0\n",[14,20802,20803,20804,20806],{},"Here, ",[33,20805,2166],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[14,20808,20809],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[246,20811,20812,20815,20820,20825],{},[249,20813,20814],{},"Use a string for text",[249,20816,495,20817,20819],{},[33,20818,2166],{}," for numbers",[249,20821,495,20822,20824],{},[33,20823,3831],{}," for lists if needed",[249,20826,495,20827,20829],{},[33,20828,864],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[21,20831,20833],{"id":20832},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[14,20835,20836,20837,303],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[33,20838,10770],{},[376,20840,20842,20844],{"id":20841},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[33,20843,10770],{}," does not add a missing key",[14,20846,20847,20848,20850],{},"This code does ",[180,20849,870],{}," create a new key:",[26,20852,20854],{"className":28,"code":20853,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[33,20855,20856,20880,20884,20909],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,20857,20858,20860,20862,20864,20866,20868,20870,20872,20874,20876,20878],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,20859,13237],{"class":42},[36,20861,47],{"class":46},[36,20863,51],{"class":50},[36,20865,88],{"class":87},[36,20867,1250],{"class":91},[36,20869,88],{"class":87},[36,20871,1213],{"class":50},[36,20873,99],{"class":87},[36,20875,12912],{"class":91},[36,20877,88],{"class":87},[36,20879,69],{"class":50},[36,20881,20882],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,20883,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,20885,20886,20888,20890,20892,20894,20896,20898,20900,20902,20904,20906],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,20887,142],{"class":141},[36,20889,145],{"class":50},[36,20891,17337],{"class":148},[36,20893,303],{"class":50},[36,20895,19782],{"class":148},[36,20897,145],{"class":50},[36,20899,88],{"class":87},[36,20901,10439],{"class":91},[36,20903,88],{"class":87},[36,20905,5402],{"class":50},[36,20907,20908],{"class":1617},"  # None\n",[36,20910,20911,20913,20915,20917,20919],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,20912,142],{"class":141},[36,20914,145],{"class":50},[36,20916,17337],{"class":148},[36,20918,3703],{"class":50},[36,20920,20921],{"class":1617},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[14,20923,20924],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[376,20926,20928,20930],{"id":20927},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[33,20929,10770],{}," does not change the dictionary",[14,20932,20933],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[26,20935,20937],{"className":28,"code":20936,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[33,20938,20939,20965,20969,20995],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,20940,20941,20943,20945,20947,20949,20952,20954,20956,20958,20961,20963],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,20942,13858],{"class":42},[36,20944,47],{"class":46},[36,20946,51],{"class":50},[36,20948,88],{"class":87},[36,20950,20951],{"class":91},"mode",[36,20953,88],{"class":87},[36,20955,1213],{"class":50},[36,20957,99],{"class":87},[36,20959,20960],{"class":91},"light",[36,20962,88],{"class":87},[36,20964,69],{"class":50},[36,20966,20967],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,20968,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,20970,20971,20973,20975,20977,20979,20981,20983,20985,20987,20989,20991,20993],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,20972,13917],{"class":42},[36,20974,303],{"class":50},[36,20976,19782],{"class":148},[36,20978,145],{"class":50},[36,20980,88],{"class":87},[36,20982,12525],{"class":91},[36,20984,88],{"class":87},[36,20986,58],{"class":50},[36,20988,99],{"class":87},[36,20990,12534],{"class":91},[36,20992,88],{"class":87},[36,20994,152],{"class":50},[36,20996,20997,20999,21001,21003,21005],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,20998,142],{"class":141},[36,21000,145],{"class":50},[36,21002,13917],{"class":148},[36,21004,3703],{"class":50},[36,21006,21007],{"class":1617},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[14,21009,478,21010,21013],{},[33,21011,21012],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[376,21015,21017,21018],{"id":21016},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[33,21019,3822],{},[14,21021,21022,21023,2448,21025,21027],{},"Sometimes ",[33,21024,10770],{},[33,21026,3822],{}," because:",[246,21029,21030,21033],{},[249,21031,21032],{},"The key is missing, or",[249,21034,21035,21036],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[33,21037,3822],{},[14,21039,2257],{},[26,21041,21043],{"className":28,"code":21042,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[33,21044,21045,21082,21086,21110],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,21046,21047,21049,21051,21053,21055,21057,21059,21061,21063,21065,21067,21069,21071,21074,21076,21078,21080],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,21048,9200],{"class":42},[36,21050,47],{"class":46},[36,21052,51],{"class":50},[36,21054,88],{"class":87},[36,21056,1250],{"class":91},[36,21058,88],{"class":87},[36,21060,1213],{"class":50},[36,21062,99],{"class":87},[36,21064,12912],{"class":91},[36,21066,88],{"class":87},[36,21068,58],{"class":50},[36,21070,99],{"class":87},[36,21072,21073],{"class":91},"nickname",[36,21075,88],{"class":87},[36,21077,1213],{"class":50},[36,21079,3893],{"class":1143},[36,21081,69],{"class":50},[36,21083,21084],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,21085,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,21087,21088,21090,21092,21094,21096,21098,21100,21102,21104,21106,21108],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,21089,142],{"class":141},[36,21091,145],{"class":50},[36,21093,9239],{"class":148},[36,21095,303],{"class":50},[36,21097,19782],{"class":148},[36,21099,145],{"class":50},[36,21101,88],{"class":87},[36,21103,21073],{"class":91},[36,21105,88],{"class":87},[36,21107,5402],{"class":50},[36,21109,20908],{"class":1617},[36,21111,21112,21114,21116,21118,21120,21122,21124,21126,21128,21130,21132],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,21113,142],{"class":141},[36,21115,145],{"class":50},[36,21117,9239],{"class":148},[36,21119,303],{"class":50},[36,21121,19782],{"class":148},[36,21123,145],{"class":50},[36,21125,88],{"class":87},[36,21127,10439],{"class":91},[36,21129,88],{"class":87},[36,21131,5402],{"class":50},[36,21133,21134],{"class":1617},"      # None\n",[14,21136,21137,21138,21140],{},"Both lines print ",[33,21139,3822],{},", but they mean different things.",[14,21142,21143,21144,1213],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[33,21145,3924],{},[26,21147,21149],{"className":28,"code":21148,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[33,21150,21151,21187,21191,21212],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,21152,21153,21155,21157,21159,21161,21163,21165,21167,21169,21171,21173,21175,21177,21179,21181,21183,21185],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,21154,9200],{"class":42},[36,21156,47],{"class":46},[36,21158,51],{"class":50},[36,21160,88],{"class":87},[36,21162,1250],{"class":91},[36,21164,88],{"class":87},[36,21166,1213],{"class":50},[36,21168,99],{"class":87},[36,21170,12912],{"class":91},[36,21172,88],{"class":87},[36,21174,58],{"class":50},[36,21176,99],{"class":87},[36,21178,21073],{"class":91},[36,21180,88],{"class":87},[36,21182,1213],{"class":50},[36,21184,3893],{"class":1143},[36,21186,69],{"class":50},[36,21188,21189],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,21190,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,21192,21193,21195,21197,21199,21201,21203,21206,21208,21210],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,21194,142],{"class":141},[36,21196,145],{"class":50},[36,21198,88],{"class":87},[36,21200,21073],{"class":91},[36,21202,88],{"class":87},[36,21204,21205],{"class":3917}," in",[36,21207,14599],{"class":148},[36,21209,3703],{"class":50},[36,21211,3706],{"class":1617},[36,21213,21214,21216,21218,21220,21222,21224,21226,21228,21230],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,21215,142],{"class":141},[36,21217,145],{"class":50},[36,21219,88],{"class":87},[36,21221,10439],{"class":91},[36,21223,88],{"class":87},[36,21225,21205],{"class":3917},[36,21227,14599],{"class":148},[36,21229,3703],{"class":50},[36,21231,21232],{"class":1617},"      # False\n",[14,21234,21235,21236,303],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[294,21237,21238],{"href":17183},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[21,21240,1455],{"id":1454},[14,21242,21243,21244,1213],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[33,21245,10770],{},[246,21247,21248,21253,21260,21265],{},[249,21249,21250,21251],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[33,21252,19719],{},[249,21254,4743,21255,2448,21257,21259],{},[33,21256,10770],{},[33,21258,3822],{}," if no default is provided",[249,21261,4618,21262,21264],{},[33,21263,10770],{}," creates a key automatically",[249,21266,21267],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[14,21269,21270],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[26,21272,21274],{"className":28,"code":21273,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[33,21275,21276,21286,21300,21318,21340],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,21277,21278,21280,21282,21284],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,21279,142],{"class":141},[36,21281,145],{"class":50},[36,21283,1747],{"class":148},[36,21285,152],{"class":50},[36,21287,21288,21290,21292,21294,21296,21298],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,21289,142],{"class":141},[36,21291,145],{"class":50},[36,21293,1747],{"class":148},[36,21295,303],{"class":50},[36,21297,16953],{"class":148},[36,21299,1847],{"class":50},[36,21301,21302,21304,21306,21308,21310,21312,21314,21316],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,21303,142],{"class":141},[36,21305,145],{"class":50},[36,21307,211],{"class":87},[36,21309,1250],{"class":91},[36,21311,211],{"class":87},[36,21313,21205],{"class":3917},[36,21315,11796],{"class":148},[36,21317,152],{"class":50},[36,21319,21320,21322,21324,21326,21328,21330,21332,21334,21336,21338],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,21321,142],{"class":141},[36,21323,145],{"class":50},[36,21325,1747],{"class":148},[36,21327,303],{"class":50},[36,21329,19782],{"class":148},[36,21331,145],{"class":50},[36,21333,211],{"class":87},[36,21335,1250],{"class":91},[36,21337,211],{"class":87},[36,21339,445],{"class":50},[36,21341,21342,21344,21346,21348,21350,21352,21354,21356,21358,21360,21362,21364],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,21343,142],{"class":141},[36,21345,145],{"class":50},[36,21347,818],{"class":80},[36,21349,145],{"class":50},[36,21351,1747],{"class":148},[36,21353,303],{"class":50},[36,21355,19782],{"class":148},[36,21357,145],{"class":50},[36,21359,211],{"class":87},[36,21361,1250],{"class":91},[36,21363,211],{"class":87},[36,21365,2961],{"class":50},[14,21367,21368],{},"What these checks tell you:",[246,21370,21371,21376,21382,21388,21394],{},[249,21372,21373,21375],{},[33,21374,12710],{}," shows the full dictionary",[249,21377,21378,21381],{},[33,21379,21380],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[249,21383,21384,21387],{},[33,21385,21386],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[249,21389,21390,21393],{},[33,21391,21392],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[249,21395,21396,21399],{},[33,21397,21398],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[14,21401,21402,21403,482,21408,21412],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[294,21404,21405,21406,1939],{"href":17092},"the dictionary ",[33,21407,17095],{},[294,21409,21405,21410,1939],{"href":17105},[33,21411,17108],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[21,21414,1872],{"id":1871},[376,21416,12735,21418,21420,21421,2541],{"id":21417},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[33,21419,10770],{}," raise ",[33,21422,19719],{},[14,21424,21425,21426,21428],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[33,21427,3822],{}," or the default value you provide.",[376,21430,12735,21432,21434],{"id":21431},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[33,21433,10770],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[14,21436,21437],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[376,21439,21441,21442,2541],{"id":21440},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[33,21443,10770],{},[14,21445,21446,21448],{},[33,21447,3822],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[376,21450,21452,21453,21455],{"id":21451},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[33,21454,10770],{}," or square brackets?",[14,21457,495,21458,21460],{},[33,21459,10770],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[21,21462,1923],{"id":1922},[246,21464,21465,21469,21475,21481,21485,21490],{},[249,21466,21467],{},[294,21468,9190],{"href":9189},[249,21470,21471],{},[294,21472,10767,21473,1939],{"href":17092},[33,21474,17095],{},[249,21476,21477],{},[294,21478,10767,21479,1939],{"href":17105},[33,21480,17108],{},[249,21482,21483],{},[294,21484,17184],{"href":17183},[249,21486,21487],{},[294,21488,21489],{"href":16626},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[249,21491,21492],{},[294,21493,11292],{"href":11104},[1962,21495,21496],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[21507,21508],{"id":20420,"depth":118,"text":20421},{"id":19782,"depth":118,"text":10770},{"id":20619,"depth":72,"text":20620},{"id":20832,"depth":72,"text":20833,"children":21511},[21512,21514,21516],{"id":20841,"depth":118,"text":21513},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20927,"depth":118,"text":21515},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21016,"depth":118,"text":21517},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":21520},[21521,21523,21525,21527],{"id":21417,"depth":118,"text":21522},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21431,"depth":118,"text":21524},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21440,"depth":118,"text":21526},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21451,"depth":118,"text":21528},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19700,"description":21530},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21537,"title":21538,"body":21539,"description":24096,"extension":2009,"meta":24097,"navigation":134,"path":24098,"seo":24099,"stem":24100,"__hash__":24101},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21540,"toc":24062},[21541,21546,21552,21558,21560,21642,21646,21663,21668,21673,21678,21680,21694,21696,21759,21763,21803,21811,21813,21815,21830,21833,21846,21848,21927,21931,21997,21999,22003,22011,22013,22024,22026,22136,22140,22219,22225,22231,22236,22349,22353,22385,22388,22495,22501,22508,22512,22515,22618,22622,22683,22686,22689,22700,22709,22712,22729,22731,22830,22834,22909,22912,22935,22940,22945,22962,22964,23085,23089,23123,23125,23130,23137,23147,23149,23227,23230,23301,23311,23314,23346,23349,23388,23394,23401,23404,23495,23499,23580,23586,23589,23592,23697,23700,23703,23825,23829,23832,23899,23903,23940,23946,23948,23954,23959,23965,23972,23978,23981,24020,24026,24029,24031,24059],[10,21542,11348,21544,11352],{"id":21543},"python-dictionary-items-method",[33,21545,17108],{},[14,21547,2026,21548,21551],{},[33,21549,21550],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[14,21553,21554,21555,21557],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[33,21556,17108],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[21,21559,2051],{"id":2050},[26,21561,21563],{"className":28,"code":21562,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[33,21564,21565,21601,21605,21628],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,21566,21567,21569,21571,21573,21575,21577,21579,21581,21583,21585,21587,21589,21591,21593,21595,21597,21599],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,21568,13237],{"class":42},[36,21570,47],{"class":46},[36,21572,51],{"class":50},[36,21574,88],{"class":87},[36,21576,1250],{"class":91},[36,21578,88],{"class":87},[36,21580,1213],{"class":50},[36,21582,99],{"class":87},[36,21584,12912],{"class":91},[36,21586,88],{"class":87},[36,21588,58],{"class":50},[36,21590,99],{"class":87},[36,21592,9331],{"class":91},[36,21594,88],{"class":87},[36,21596,1213],{"class":50},[36,21598,9338],{"class":54},[36,21600,69],{"class":50},[36,21602,21603],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,21604,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,21606,21607,21609,21612,21614,21617,21619,21621,21623,21625],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,21608,5997],{"class":3917},[36,21610,21611],{"class":42}," key",[36,21613,58],{"class":50},[36,21615,21616],{"class":42}," value ",[36,21618,3924],{"class":3917},[36,21620,13280],{"class":42},[36,21622,303],{"class":50},[36,21624,1369],{"class":148},[36,21626,21627],{"class":50},"():\n",[36,21629,21630,21632,21634,21636,21638,21640],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,21631,8105],{"class":141},[36,21633,145],{"class":50},[36,21635,14874],{"class":148},[36,21637,58],{"class":50},[36,21639,8469],{"class":148},[36,21641,152],{"class":50},[14,21643,21644],{},[180,21645,182],{},[26,21647,21649],{"className":28,"code":21648,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[33,21650,21651,21656],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,21652,21653],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,21654,21655],{"class":42},"name Ana\n",[36,21657,21658,21661],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,21659,21660],{"class":42},"age ",[36,21662,2759],{"class":54},[14,21664,495,21665,21667],{},[33,21666,17108],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[21,21669,3720,21671,3723],{"id":21670},"what-items-does",[33,21672,17108],{},[14,21674,21675,21677],{},[33,21676,17108],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[14,21679,11488],{},[246,21681,21682,21688,21691],{},[249,21683,21684,21685],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[33,21686,21687],{},"(key, value)",[249,21689,21690],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[249,21692,21693],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[14,21695,2257],{},[26,21697,21699],{"className":28,"code":21698,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[33,21700,21701,21737,21741],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,21702,21703,21705,21707,21709,21711,21713,21715,21717,21719,21721,21723,21725,21727,21729,21731,21733,21735],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,21704,13237],{"class":42},[36,21706,47],{"class":46},[36,21708,51],{"class":50},[36,21710,88],{"class":87},[36,21712,1250],{"class":91},[36,21714,88],{"class":87},[36,21716,1213],{"class":50},[36,21718,99],{"class":87},[36,21720,12912],{"class":91},[36,21722,88],{"class":87},[36,21724,58],{"class":50},[36,21726,99],{"class":87},[36,21728,9331],{"class":91},[36,21730,88],{"class":87},[36,21732,1213],{"class":50},[36,21734,9338],{"class":54},[36,21736,69],{"class":50},[36,21738,21739],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,21740,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,21742,21743,21745,21747,21749,21751,21753,21755,21757],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,21744,142],{"class":141},[36,21746,145],{"class":50},[36,21748,1225],{"class":80},[36,21750,145],{"class":50},[36,21752,17337],{"class":148},[36,21754,303],{"class":50},[36,21756,1369],{"class":148},[36,21758,6329],{"class":50},[14,21760,21761],{},[180,21762,182],{},[26,21764,21766],{"className":28,"code":21765,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[33,21767,21768],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,21769,21770,21773,21775,21777,21779,21781,21783,21785,21787,21789,21791,21793,21795,21797,21799,21801],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,21771,21772],{"class":50},"[(",[36,21774,211],{"class":87},[36,21776,1250],{"class":91},[36,21778,211],{"class":87},[36,21780,58],{"class":50},[36,21782,220],{"class":87},[36,21784,12912],{"class":91},[36,21786,211],{"class":87},[36,21788,1140],{"class":50},[36,21790,1131],{"class":50},[36,21792,211],{"class":87},[36,21794,9331],{"class":91},[36,21796,211],{"class":87},[36,21798,58],{"class":50},[36,21800,9338],{"class":54},[36,21802,9282],{"class":50},[14,21804,21805,21806,298,21808,303],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[294,21807,9190],{"href":13055},[294,21809,15058],{"href":21810},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[21,21812,2205],{"id":2204},[14,21814,5475],{},[26,21816,21818],{"className":28,"code":21817,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_dict.items()\n",[33,21819,21820],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,21821,21822,21824,21826,21828],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,21823,1747],{"class":42},[36,21825,303],{"class":50},[36,21827,1369],{"class":148},[36,21829,128],{"class":50},[14,21831,21832],{},"Things to remember:",[246,21834,21835,21840,21843],{},[249,21836,21837,21839],{},[33,21838,17108],{}," does not take any arguments",[249,21841,21842],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[249,21844,21845],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[14,21847,2257],{},[26,21849,21851],{"className":28,"code":21850,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[33,21852,21853,21885,21889,21903,21907,21917],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,21854,21855,21857,21859,21861,21863,21865,21867,21869,21871,21873,21875,21877,21879,21881,21883],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,21856,5103],{"class":42},[36,21858,47],{"class":46},[36,21860,51],{"class":50},[36,21862,88],{"class":87},[36,21864,5043],{"class":91},[36,21866,88],{"class":87},[36,21868,1213],{"class":50},[36,21870,19930],{"class":54},[36,21872,58],{"class":50},[36,21874,99],{"class":87},[36,21876,5052],{"class":91},[36,21878,88],{"class":87},[36,21880,1213],{"class":50},[36,21882,13540],{"class":54},[36,21884,69],{"class":50},[36,21886,21887],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,21888,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,21890,21891,21893,21895,21897,21899,21901],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,21892,2280],{"class":42},[36,21894,47],{"class":46},[36,21896,5150],{"class":42},[36,21898,303],{"class":50},[36,21900,1369],{"class":148},[36,21902,128],{"class":50},[36,21904,21905],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,21906,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,21908,21909,21911,21913,21915],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,21910,142],{"class":141},[36,21912,145],{"class":50},[36,21914,2315],{"class":148},[36,21916,152],{"class":50},[36,21918,21919,21921,21923,21925],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,21920,142],{"class":141},[36,21922,145],{"class":50},[36,21924,16418],{"class":148},[36,21926,152],{"class":50},[14,21928,21929],{},[180,21930,182],{},[26,21932,21934],{"className":28,"code":21933,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[33,21935,21936,21969],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,21937,21938,21941,21943,21945,21947,21949,21951,21953,21955,21957,21959,21961,21963,21965,21967],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,21939,21940],{"class":148},"dict_items",[36,21942,9688],{"class":50},[36,21944,211],{"class":87},[36,21946,5043],{"class":91},[36,21948,211],{"class":87},[36,21950,58],{"class":50},[36,21952,19930],{"class":54},[36,21954,1140],{"class":50},[36,21956,1131],{"class":50},[36,21958,211],{"class":87},[36,21960,5052],{"class":91},[36,21962,211],{"class":87},[36,21964,58],{"class":50},[36,21966,13540],{"class":54},[36,21968,10709],{"class":50},[36,21970,21971,21973,21975,21977,21979,21981,21983,21985,21987,21989,21991,21993,21995],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,21972,192],{"class":50},[36,21974,211],{"class":87},[36,21976,5043],{"class":91},[36,21978,211],{"class":87},[36,21980,1213],{"class":50},[36,21982,19930],{"class":54},[36,21984,58],{"class":50},[36,21986,220],{"class":87},[36,21988,5052],{"class":91},[36,21990,211],{"class":87},[36,21992,1213],{"class":50},[36,21994,13540],{"class":54},[36,21996,69],{"class":50},[14,21998,20924],{},[21,22000,22002],{"id":22001},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[14,22004,22005,22007,22008,22010],{},[33,22006,17108],{}," returns a ",[33,22009,21940],{}," view object.",[14,22012,2153],{},[246,22014,22015,22018,22021],{},[249,22016,22017],{},"You can loop over it",[249,22019,22020],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[249,22022,22023],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[14,22025,2257],{},[26,22027,22029],{"className":28,"code":22028,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[33,22030,22031,22063,22077,22081,22095,22099,22118,22122],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,22032,22033,22035,22037,22039,22041,22043,22045,22047,22049,22051,22053,22055,22057,22059,22061],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,22034,9200],{"class":42},[36,22036,47],{"class":46},[36,22038,51],{"class":50},[36,22040,88],{"class":87},[36,22042,2222],{"class":91},[36,22044,88],{"class":87},[36,22046,1213],{"class":50},[36,22048,1340],{"class":54},[36,22050,58],{"class":50},[36,22052,99],{"class":87},[36,22054,11775],{"class":91},[36,22056,88],{"class":87},[36,22058,1213],{"class":50},[36,22060,61],{"class":54},[36,22062,69],{"class":50},[36,22064,22065,22067,22069,22071,22073,22075],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,22066,9250],{"class":42},[36,22068,47],{"class":46},[36,22070,14599],{"class":42},[36,22072,303],{"class":50},[36,22074,1369],{"class":148},[36,22076,128],{"class":50},[36,22078,22079],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,22080,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,22082,22083,22085,22087,22089,22091,22093],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,22084,142],{"class":141},[36,22086,145],{"class":50},[36,22088,1225],{"class":80},[36,22090,145],{"class":50},[36,22092,9295],{"class":148},[36,22094,445],{"class":50},[36,22096,22097],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,22098,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,22100,22101,22103,22105,22107,22110,22112,22114,22116],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,22102,9239],{"class":42},[36,22104,3941],{"class":50},[36,22106,88],{"class":87},[36,22108,22109],{"class":91},"z",[36,22111,88],{"class":87},[36,22113,13306],{"class":50},[36,22115,13309],{"class":46},[36,22117,2627],{"class":54},[36,22119,22120],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,22121,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,22123,22124,22126,22128,22130,22132,22134],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,22125,142],{"class":141},[36,22127,145],{"class":50},[36,22129,1225],{"class":80},[36,22131,145],{"class":50},[36,22133,9295],{"class":148},[36,22135,445],{"class":50},[14,22137,22138],{},[180,22139,182],{},[26,22141,22143],{"className":28,"code":22142,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[33,22144,22145,22175],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,22146,22147,22149,22151,22153,22155,22157,22159,22161,22163,22165,22167,22169,22171,22173],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,22148,21772],{"class":50},[36,22150,211],{"class":87},[36,22152,2222],{"class":91},[36,22154,211],{"class":87},[36,22156,58],{"class":50},[36,22158,1340],{"class":54},[36,22160,1140],{"class":50},[36,22162,1131],{"class":50},[36,22164,211],{"class":87},[36,22166,11775],{"class":91},[36,22168,211],{"class":87},[36,22170,58],{"class":50},[36,22172,61],{"class":54},[36,22174,9282],{"class":50},[36,22176,22177,22179,22181,22183,22185,22187,22189,22191,22193,22195,22197,22199,22201,22203,22205,22207,22209,22211,22213,22215,22217],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,22178,21772],{"class":50},[36,22180,211],{"class":87},[36,22182,2222],{"class":91},[36,22184,211],{"class":87},[36,22186,58],{"class":50},[36,22188,1340],{"class":54},[36,22190,1140],{"class":50},[36,22192,1131],{"class":50},[36,22194,211],{"class":87},[36,22196,11775],{"class":91},[36,22198,211],{"class":87},[36,22200,58],{"class":50},[36,22202,61],{"class":54},[36,22204,1140],{"class":50},[36,22206,1131],{"class":50},[36,22208,211],{"class":87},[36,22210,22109],{"class":91},[36,22212,211],{"class":87},[36,22214,58],{"class":50},[36,22216,66],{"class":54},[36,22218,9282],{"class":50},[14,22220,22221,22222,22224],{},"This happens because ",[33,22223,9295],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[21,22226,22228,22229],{"id":22227},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[33,22230,17108],{},[14,22232,22233,22234,1213],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[33,22235,17108],{},[26,22237,22239],{"className":28,"code":22238,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[33,22240,22241,22294,22298,22318],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,22242,22243,22245,22247,22249,22251,22253,22255,22257,22259,22261,22263,22265,22267,22269,22271,22273,22275,22278,22280,22282,22284,22286,22288,22290,22292],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,22244,12895],{"class":42},[36,22246,47],{"class":46},[36,22248,51],{"class":50},[36,22250,88],{"class":87},[36,22252,1250],{"class":91},[36,22254,88],{"class":87},[36,22256,1213],{"class":50},[36,22258,99],{"class":87},[36,22260,7957],{"class":91},[36,22262,88],{"class":87},[36,22264,58],{"class":50},[36,22266,99],{"class":87},[36,22268,19923],{"class":91},[36,22270,88],{"class":87},[36,22272,1213],{"class":50},[36,22274,99],{"class":87},[36,22276,22277],{"class":91},"A",[36,22279,88],{"class":87},[36,22281,58],{"class":50},[36,22283,99],{"class":87},[36,22285,9331],{"class":91},[36,22287,88],{"class":87},[36,22289,1213],{"class":50},[36,22291,13890],{"class":54},[36,22293,69],{"class":50},[36,22295,22296],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,22297,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,22299,22300,22302,22304,22306,22308,22310,22312,22314,22316],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,22301,5997],{"class":3917},[36,22303,21611],{"class":42},[36,22305,58],{"class":50},[36,22307,21616],{"class":42},[36,22309,3924],{"class":3917},[36,22311,12938],{"class":42},[36,22313,303],{"class":50},[36,22315,1369],{"class":148},[36,22317,21627],{"class":50},[36,22319,22320,22322,22324,22327,22329,22331,22333,22336,22339,22341,22343,22345,22347],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,22321,8105],{"class":141},[36,22323,145],{"class":50},[36,22325,22326],{"class":847},"f",[36,22328,88],{"class":91},[36,22330,192],{"class":54},[36,22332,14874],{"class":148},[36,22334,22335],{"class":54},"}",[36,22337,22338],{"class":91},": ",[36,22340,192],{"class":54},[36,22342,1495],{"class":148},[36,22344,22335],{"class":54},[36,22346,88],{"class":91},[36,22348,152],{"class":50},[14,22350,22351],{},[180,22352,182],{},[26,22354,22356],{"className":28,"code":22355,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[33,22357,22358,22367,22376],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,22359,22360,22362,22364],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,22361,1250],{"class":42},[36,22363,1213],{"class":50},[36,22365,22366],{"class":42}," Mia\n",[36,22368,22369,22371,22373],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,22370,19923],{"class":42},[36,22372,1213],{"class":50},[36,22374,22375],{"class":42}," A\n",[36,22377,22378,22380,22382],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,22379,9331],{"class":42},[36,22381,1213],{"class":50},[36,22383,22384],{"class":54}," 14\n",[14,22386,22387],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[26,22389,22391],{"className":28,"code":22390,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[33,22392,22393,22445,22449,22461],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,22394,22395,22397,22399,22401,22403,22405,22407,22409,22411,22413,22415,22417,22419,22421,22423,22425,22427,22429,22431,22433,22435,22437,22439,22441,22443],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,22396,12895],{"class":42},[36,22398,47],{"class":46},[36,22400,51],{"class":50},[36,22402,88],{"class":87},[36,22404,1250],{"class":91},[36,22406,88],{"class":87},[36,22408,1213],{"class":50},[36,22410,99],{"class":87},[36,22412,7957],{"class":91},[36,22414,88],{"class":87},[36,22416,58],{"class":50},[36,22418,99],{"class":87},[36,22420,19923],{"class":91},[36,22422,88],{"class":87},[36,22424,1213],{"class":50},[36,22426,99],{"class":87},[36,22428,22277],{"class":91},[36,22430,88],{"class":87},[36,22432,58],{"class":50},[36,22434,99],{"class":87},[36,22436,9331],{"class":91},[36,22438,88],{"class":87},[36,22440,1213],{"class":50},[36,22442,13890],{"class":54},[36,22444,69],{"class":50},[36,22446,22447],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,22448,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,22450,22451,22453,22455,22457,22459],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,22452,5997],{"class":3917},[36,22454,18240],{"class":42},[36,22456,3924],{"class":3917},[36,22458,12938],{"class":42},[36,22460,6433],{"class":50},[36,22462,22463,22465,22467,22469,22471,22473,22475,22477,22479,22481,22483,22485,22487,22489,22491,22493],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,22464,8105],{"class":141},[36,22466,145],{"class":50},[36,22468,22326],{"class":847},[36,22470,88],{"class":91},[36,22472,192],{"class":54},[36,22474,14874],{"class":148},[36,22476,22335],{"class":54},[36,22478,22338],{"class":91},[36,22480,192],{"class":54},[36,22482,13659],{"class":148},[36,22484,3941],{"class":50},[36,22486,14874],{"class":148},[36,22488,13306],{"class":50},[36,22490,22335],{"class":54},[36,22492,88],{"class":91},[36,22494,152],{"class":50},[14,22496,6550,22497,22500],{},[33,22498,22499],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[14,22502,22503,22504,303],{},"For a full guide, see ",[294,22505,22507],{"href":22506},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[21,22509,22511],{"id":22510},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[14,22513,22514],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[26,22516,22518],{"className":28,"code":22517,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[33,22519,22520,22579,22583,22603,22607],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,22521,22522,22524,22526,22528,22530,22532,22534,22536,22538,22540,22542,22544,22546,22548,22550,22552,22554,22557,22559,22561,22563,22566,22568,22570,22572,22575,22577],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,22523,13108],{"class":42},[36,22525,47],{"class":46},[36,22527,51],{"class":50},[36,22529,88],{"class":87},[36,22531,92],{"class":91},[36,22533,88],{"class":87},[36,22535,1213],{"class":50},[36,22537,99],{"class":87},[36,22539,13125],{"class":91},[36,22541,88],{"class":87},[36,22543,58],{"class":50},[36,22545,99],{"class":87},[36,22547,102],{"class":91},[36,22549,88],{"class":87},[36,22551,1213],{"class":50},[36,22553,99],{"class":87},[36,22555,22556],{"class":91},"yellow",[36,22558,88],{"class":87},[36,22560,58],{"class":50},[36,22562,99],{"class":87},[36,22564,22565],{"class":91},"grape",[36,22567,88],{"class":87},[36,22569,1213],{"class":50},[36,22571,99],{"class":87},[36,22573,22574],{"class":91},"purple",[36,22576,88],{"class":87},[36,22578,69],{"class":50},[36,22580,22581],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,22582,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,22584,22585,22588,22590,22593,22595,22597,22599,22601],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,22586,22587],{"class":42},"pairs_list ",[36,22589,47],{"class":46},[36,22591,22592],{"class":80}," list",[36,22594,145],{"class":50},[36,22596,17533],{"class":148},[36,22598,303],{"class":50},[36,22600,1369],{"class":148},[36,22602,1847],{"class":50},[36,22604,22605],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,22606,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,22608,22609,22611,22613,22616],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,22610,142],{"class":141},[36,22612,145],{"class":50},[36,22614,22615],{"class":148},"pairs_list",[36,22617,152],{"class":50},[14,22619,22620],{},[180,22621,182],{},[26,22623,22625],{"className":28,"code":22624,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[33,22626,22627],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,22628,22629,22631,22633,22635,22637,22639,22641,22643,22645,22647,22649,22651,22653,22655,22657,22659,22661,22663,22665,22667,22669,22671,22673,22675,22677,22679,22681],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,22630,21772],{"class":50},[36,22632,211],{"class":87},[36,22634,92],{"class":91},[36,22636,211],{"class":87},[36,22638,58],{"class":50},[36,22640,220],{"class":87},[36,22642,13125],{"class":91},[36,22644,211],{"class":87},[36,22646,1140],{"class":50},[36,22648,1131],{"class":50},[36,22650,211],{"class":87},[36,22652,102],{"class":91},[36,22654,211],{"class":87},[36,22656,58],{"class":50},[36,22658,220],{"class":87},[36,22660,22556],{"class":91},[36,22662,211],{"class":87},[36,22664,1140],{"class":50},[36,22666,1131],{"class":50},[36,22668,211],{"class":87},[36,22670,22565],{"class":91},[36,22672,211],{"class":87},[36,22674,58],{"class":50},[36,22676,220],{"class":87},[36,22678,22574],{"class":91},[36,22680,211],{"class":87},[36,22682,9282],{"class":50},[14,22684,22685],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[14,22687,22688],{},"Use this when:",[246,22690,22691,22694,22697],{},[249,22692,22693],{},"You want clearer printed output",[249,22695,22696],{},"You need list behavior",[249,22698,22699],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[21,22701,22703,10615,22705,10615,22707],{"id":22702},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[33,22704,17108],{},[33,22706,17095],{},[33,22708,17101],{},[14,22710,22711],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[246,22713,22714,22719,22724],{},[249,22715,22716,22718],{},[33,22717,17108],{}," gives both key and value",[249,22720,22721,22723],{},[33,22722,17095],{}," gives only keys",[249,22725,22726,22728],{},[33,22727,17101],{}," gives only values",[14,22730,2257],{},[26,22732,22734],{"className":28,"code":22733,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[33,22735,22736,22772,22776,22794,22812],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,22737,22738,22740,22742,22744,22746,22748,22750,22752,22754,22756,22758,22760,22762,22764,22766,22768,22770],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,22739,13237],{"class":42},[36,22741,47],{"class":46},[36,22743,51],{"class":50},[36,22745,88],{"class":87},[36,22747,1250],{"class":91},[36,22749,88],{"class":87},[36,22751,1213],{"class":50},[36,22753,99],{"class":87},[36,22755,12912],{"class":91},[36,22757,88],{"class":87},[36,22759,58],{"class":50},[36,22761,99],{"class":87},[36,22763,9331],{"class":91},[36,22765,88],{"class":87},[36,22767,1213],{"class":50},[36,22769,9338],{"class":54},[36,22771,69],{"class":50},[36,22773,22774],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,22775,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,22777,22778,22780,22782,22784,22786,22788,22790,22792],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,22779,142],{"class":141},[36,22781,145],{"class":50},[36,22783,1225],{"class":80},[36,22785,145],{"class":50},[36,22787,17337],{"class":148},[36,22789,303],{"class":50},[36,22791,16953],{"class":148},[36,22793,6329],{"class":50},[36,22795,22796,22798,22800,22802,22804,22806,22808,22810],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,22797,142],{"class":141},[36,22799,145],{"class":50},[36,22801,1225],{"class":80},[36,22803,145],{"class":50},[36,22805,17337],{"class":148},[36,22807,303],{"class":50},[36,22809,656],{"class":148},[36,22811,6329],{"class":50},[36,22813,22814,22816,22818,22820,22822,22824,22826,22828],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,22815,142],{"class":141},[36,22817,145],{"class":50},[36,22819,1225],{"class":80},[36,22821,145],{"class":50},[36,22823,17337],{"class":148},[36,22825,303],{"class":50},[36,22827,1369],{"class":148},[36,22829,6329],{"class":50},[14,22831,22832],{},[180,22833,182],{},[26,22835,22837],{"className":28,"code":22836,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[33,22838,22839,22859,22875],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,22840,22841,22843,22845,22847,22849,22851,22853,22855,22857],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,22842,3941],{"class":50},[36,22844,211],{"class":87},[36,22846,1250],{"class":91},[36,22848,211],{"class":87},[36,22850,58],{"class":50},[36,22852,220],{"class":87},[36,22854,9331],{"class":91},[36,22856,211],{"class":87},[36,22858,1355],{"class":50},[36,22860,22861,22863,22865,22867,22869,22871,22873],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,22862,3941],{"class":50},[36,22864,211],{"class":87},[36,22866,12912],{"class":91},[36,22868,211],{"class":87},[36,22870,58],{"class":50},[36,22872,9338],{"class":54},[36,22874,1355],{"class":50},[36,22876,22877,22879,22881,22883,22885,22887,22889,22891,22893,22895,22897,22899,22901,22903,22905,22907],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,22878,21772],{"class":50},[36,22880,211],{"class":87},[36,22882,1250],{"class":91},[36,22884,211],{"class":87},[36,22886,58],{"class":50},[36,22888,220],{"class":87},[36,22890,12912],{"class":91},[36,22892,211],{"class":87},[36,22894,1140],{"class":50},[36,22896,1131],{"class":50},[36,22898,211],{"class":87},[36,22900,9331],{"class":91},[36,22902,211],{"class":87},[36,22904,58],{"class":50},[36,22906,9338],{"class":54},[36,22908,9282],{"class":50},[14,22910,22911],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[246,22913,22914,22922,22930],{},[249,22915,22916,22917],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[294,22918,22920],{"href":22919},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[33,22921,17095],{},[249,22923,22924,22925],{},"Need just values? Use ",[294,22926,22928],{"href":22927},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[33,22929,17101],{},[249,22931,22932,22933],{},"Need both together? Use ",[33,22934,17108],{},[21,22936,5000,22938],{"id":22937},"when-to-use-items",[33,22939,17108],{},[14,22941,22942,22944],{},[33,22943,17108],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[246,22946,22947,22950,22953,22956,22959],{},[249,22948,22949],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[249,22951,22952],{},"Building formatted output",[249,22954,22955],{},"Looping through settings and values",[249,22957,22958],{},"Showing names with scores",[249,22960,22961],{},"Working with labels and their data",[14,22963,2257],{},[26,22965,22967],{"className":28,"code":22966,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[33,22968,22969,22977,22995,23014,23026,23030,23034,23055],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,22970,22971,22973,22975],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,22972,13858],{"class":42},[36,22974,47],{"class":46},[36,22976,11523],{"class":50},[36,22978,22979,22981,22983,22985,22987,22989,22991,22993],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,22980,11528],{"class":87},[36,22982,12525],{"class":91},[36,22984,88],{"class":87},[36,22986,1213],{"class":50},[36,22988,99],{"class":87},[36,22990,12534],{"class":91},[36,22992,88],{"class":87},[36,22994,11544],{"class":50},[36,22996,22997,22999,23001,23003,23005,23007,23010,23012],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,22998,11528],{"class":87},[36,23000,20155],{"class":91},[36,23002,88],{"class":87},[36,23004,1213],{"class":50},[36,23006,99],{"class":87},[36,23008,23009],{"class":91},"English",[36,23011,88],{"class":87},[36,23013,11544],{"class":50},[36,23015,23016,23018,23020,23022,23024],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,23017,11528],{"class":87},[36,23019,18556],{"class":91},[36,23021,88],{"class":87},[36,23023,1213],{"class":50},[36,23025,6462],{"class":1143},[36,23027,23028],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,23029,69],{"class":50},[36,23031,23032],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,23033,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,23035,23036,23038,23041,23043,23045,23047,23049,23051,23053],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,23037,5997],{"class":3917},[36,23039,23040],{"class":42}," setting",[36,23042,58],{"class":50},[36,23044,21616],{"class":42},[36,23046,3924],{"class":3917},[36,23048,13902],{"class":42},[36,23050,303],{"class":50},[36,23052,1369],{"class":148},[36,23054,21627],{"class":50},[36,23056,23057,23059,23061,23063,23065,23067,23070,23072,23075,23077,23079,23081,23083],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,23058,8105],{"class":141},[36,23060,145],{"class":50},[36,23062,22326],{"class":847},[36,23064,88],{"class":91},[36,23066,192],{"class":54},[36,23068,23069],{"class":148},"setting",[36,23071,22335],{"class":54},[36,23073,23074],{"class":91}," = ",[36,23076,192],{"class":54},[36,23078,1495],{"class":148},[36,23080,22335],{"class":54},[36,23082,88],{"class":91},[36,23084,152],{"class":50},[14,23086,23087],{},[180,23088,182],{},[26,23090,23092],{"className":28,"code":23091,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[33,23093,23094,23104,23114],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,23095,23096,23099,23101],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,23097,23098],{"class":42},"theme ",[36,23100,47],{"class":46},[36,23102,23103],{"class":42}," dark\n",[36,23105,23106,23109,23111],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,23107,23108],{"class":42},"language ",[36,23110,47],{"class":46},[36,23112,23113],{"class":42}," English\n",[36,23115,23116,23119,23121],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,23117,23118],{"class":42},"notifications ",[36,23120,47],{"class":46},[36,23122,6462],{"class":1143},[21,23124,1455],{"id":1454},[14,23126,23127,23128,303],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[33,23129,17108],{},[376,23131,23133,23134,23136],{"id":23132},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[33,23135,17108],{}," incorrectly",[14,23138,23139,23140,23142,23143,23146],{},"Each result from ",[33,23141,17108],{}," has ",[180,23144,23145],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[14,23148,6727],{},[26,23150,23151],{"className":28,"code":21562,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,23152,23153,23189,23193,23213],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,23154,23155,23157,23159,23161,23163,23165,23167,23169,23171,23173,23175,23177,23179,23181,23183,23185,23187],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,23156,13237],{"class":42},[36,23158,47],{"class":46},[36,23160,51],{"class":50},[36,23162,88],{"class":87},[36,23164,1250],{"class":91},[36,23166,88],{"class":87},[36,23168,1213],{"class":50},[36,23170,99],{"class":87},[36,23172,12912],{"class":91},[36,23174,88],{"class":87},[36,23176,58],{"class":50},[36,23178,99],{"class":87},[36,23180,9331],{"class":91},[36,23182,88],{"class":87},[36,23184,1213],{"class":50},[36,23186,9338],{"class":54},[36,23188,69],{"class":50},[36,23190,23191],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,23192,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,23194,23195,23197,23199,23201,23203,23205,23207,23209,23211],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,23196,5997],{"class":3917},[36,23198,21611],{"class":42},[36,23200,58],{"class":50},[36,23202,21616],{"class":42},[36,23204,3924],{"class":3917},[36,23206,13280],{"class":42},[36,23208,303],{"class":50},[36,23210,1369],{"class":148},[36,23212,21627],{"class":50},[36,23214,23215,23217,23219,23221,23223,23225],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,23216,8105],{"class":141},[36,23218,145],{"class":50},[36,23220,14874],{"class":148},[36,23222,58],{"class":50},[36,23224,8469],{"class":148},[36,23226,152],{"class":50},[14,23228,23229],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[26,23231,23233],{"className":28,"code":23232,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[33,23234,23235,23271,23275,23291],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,23236,23237,23239,23241,23243,23245,23247,23249,23251,23253,23255,23257,23259,23261,23263,23265,23267,23269],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,23238,13237],{"class":42},[36,23240,47],{"class":46},[36,23242,51],{"class":50},[36,23244,88],{"class":87},[36,23246,1250],{"class":91},[36,23248,88],{"class":87},[36,23250,1213],{"class":50},[36,23252,99],{"class":87},[36,23254,12912],{"class":91},[36,23256,88],{"class":87},[36,23258,58],{"class":50},[36,23260,99],{"class":87},[36,23262,9331],{"class":91},[36,23264,88],{"class":87},[36,23266,1213],{"class":50},[36,23268,9338],{"class":54},[36,23270,69],{"class":50},[36,23272,23273],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,23274,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,23276,23277,23279,23281,23283,23285,23287,23289],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,23278,5997],{"class":3917},[36,23280,18240],{"class":42},[36,23282,3924],{"class":3917},[36,23284,13280],{"class":42},[36,23286,303],{"class":50},[36,23288,1369],{"class":148},[36,23290,21627],{"class":50},[36,23292,23293,23295,23297,23299],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,23294,8105],{"class":141},[36,23296,145],{"class":50},[36,23298,14874],{"class":148},[36,23300,152],{"class":50},[14,23302,23303,23304,23306,23307,23310],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[33,23305,14874],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[33,23308,23309],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[14,23312,23313],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[26,23315,23317],{"className":28,"code":23316,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[33,23318,23319,23335],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,23320,23321,23323,23325,23327,23329,23331,23333],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,23322,5997],{"class":3917},[36,23324,6000],{"class":42},[36,23326,3924],{"class":3917},[36,23328,13280],{"class":42},[36,23330,303],{"class":50},[36,23332,1369],{"class":148},[36,23334,21627],{"class":50},[36,23336,23337,23339,23341,23344],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,23338,8105],{"class":141},[36,23340,145],{"class":50},[36,23342,23343],{"class":148},"item",[36,23345,152],{"class":50},[14,23347,23348],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[26,23350,23352],{"className":28,"code":23351,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[33,23353,23354,23374],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,23355,23356,23358,23360,23362,23364,23366,23368,23370,23372],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,23357,5997],{"class":3917},[36,23359,21611],{"class":42},[36,23361,58],{"class":50},[36,23363,21616],{"class":42},[36,23365,3924],{"class":3917},[36,23367,13280],{"class":42},[36,23369,303],{"class":50},[36,23371,1369],{"class":148},[36,23373,21627],{"class":50},[36,23375,23376,23378,23380,23382,23384,23386],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,23377,8105],{"class":141},[36,23379,145],{"class":50},[36,23381,14874],{"class":148},[36,23383,58],{"class":50},[36,23385,8469],{"class":148},[36,23387,152],{"class":50},[376,23389,8489,23391,23393],{"id":23390},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[33,23392,17108],{}," to return a regular list",[14,23395,23396,22007,23398,23400],{},[33,23397,17108],{},[33,23399,21940],{}," object, not a list.",[14,23402,23403],{},"Check it:",[26,23405,23407],{"className":28,"code":23406,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[33,23408,23409,23441,23445,23459,23477],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,23410,23411,23413,23415,23417,23419,23421,23423,23425,23427,23429,23431,23433,23435,23437,23439],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,23412,1686],{"class":42},[36,23414,47],{"class":46},[36,23416,51],{"class":50},[36,23418,88],{"class":87},[36,23420,294],{"class":91},[36,23422,88],{"class":87},[36,23424,1213],{"class":50},[36,23426,1340],{"class":54},[36,23428,58],{"class":50},[36,23430,99],{"class":87},[36,23432,1707],{"class":91},[36,23434,88],{"class":87},[36,23436,1213],{"class":50},[36,23438,61],{"class":54},[36,23440,69],{"class":50},[36,23442,23443],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,23444,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,23446,23447,23449,23451,23453,23455,23457],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,23448,142],{"class":141},[36,23450,145],{"class":50},[36,23452,1747],{"class":148},[36,23454,303],{"class":50},[36,23456,1369],{"class":148},[36,23458,1847],{"class":50},[36,23460,23461,23463,23465,23467,23469,23471,23473,23475],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,23462,142],{"class":141},[36,23464,145],{"class":50},[36,23466,818],{"class":80},[36,23468,145],{"class":50},[36,23470,1747],{"class":148},[36,23472,303],{"class":50},[36,23474,1369],{"class":148},[36,23476,6329],{"class":50},[36,23478,23479,23481,23483,23485,23487,23489,23491,23493],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,23480,142],{"class":141},[36,23482,145],{"class":50},[36,23484,1225],{"class":80},[36,23486,145],{"class":50},[36,23488,1747],{"class":148},[36,23490,303],{"class":50},[36,23492,1369],{"class":148},[36,23494,6329],{"class":50},[14,23496,23497],{},[180,23498,182],{},[26,23500,23502],{"className":28,"code":23501,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[33,23503,23504,23536,23550],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,23505,23506,23508,23510,23512,23514,23516,23518,23520,23522,23524,23526,23528,23530,23532,23534],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,23507,21940],{"class":148},[36,23509,9688],{"class":50},[36,23511,211],{"class":87},[36,23513,294],{"class":91},[36,23515,211],{"class":87},[36,23517,58],{"class":50},[36,23519,1340],{"class":54},[36,23521,1140],{"class":50},[36,23523,1131],{"class":50},[36,23525,211],{"class":87},[36,23527,1707],{"class":91},[36,23529,211],{"class":87},[36,23531,58],{"class":50},[36,23533,61],{"class":54},[36,23535,10709],{"class":50},[36,23537,23538,23540,23542,23544,23546,23548],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,23539,844],{"class":46},[36,23541,848],{"class":847},[36,23543,220],{"class":87},[36,23545,21940],{"class":91},[36,23547,211],{"class":87},[36,23549,857],{"class":46},[36,23551,23552,23554,23556,23558,23560,23562,23564,23566,23568,23570,23572,23574,23576,23578],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,23553,21772],{"class":50},[36,23555,211],{"class":87},[36,23557,294],{"class":91},[36,23559,211],{"class":87},[36,23561,58],{"class":50},[36,23563,1340],{"class":54},[36,23565,1140],{"class":50},[36,23567,1131],{"class":50},[36,23569,211],{"class":87},[36,23571,1707],{"class":91},[36,23573,211],{"class":87},[36,23575,58],{"class":50},[36,23577,61],{"class":54},[36,23579,9282],{"class":50},[376,23581,23583,23584],{"id":23582},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[33,23585,17108],{},[14,23587,23588],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[14,23590,23591],{},"Problem example:",[26,23593,23595],{"className":28,"code":23594,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[33,23596,23597,23641,23645,23665,23677],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,23598,23599,23601,23603,23605,23607,23609,23611,23613,23615,23617,23619,23621,23623,23625,23627,23629,23631,23633,23635,23637,23639],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,23600,43],{"class":42},[36,23602,47],{"class":46},[36,23604,51],{"class":50},[36,23606,88],{"class":87},[36,23608,294],{"class":91},[36,23610,88],{"class":87},[36,23612,1213],{"class":50},[36,23614,1340],{"class":54},[36,23616,58],{"class":50},[36,23618,99],{"class":87},[36,23620,1707],{"class":91},[36,23622,88],{"class":87},[36,23624,1213],{"class":50},[36,23626,61],{"class":54},[36,23628,58],{"class":50},[36,23630,99],{"class":87},[36,23632,9770],{"class":91},[36,23634,88],{"class":87},[36,23636,1213],{"class":50},[36,23638,66],{"class":54},[36,23640,69],{"class":50},[36,23642,23643],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,23644,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,23646,23647,23649,23651,23653,23655,23657,23659,23661,23663],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,23648,5997],{"class":3917},[36,23650,21611],{"class":42},[36,23652,58],{"class":50},[36,23654,21616],{"class":42},[36,23656,3924],{"class":3917},[36,23658,4301],{"class":42},[36,23660,303],{"class":50},[36,23662,1369],{"class":148},[36,23664,21627],{"class":50},[36,23666,23667,23669,23671,23673,23675],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,23668,6438],{"class":3917},[36,23670,21616],{"class":42},[36,23672,4727],{"class":46},[36,23674,61],{"class":54},[36,23676,6433],{"class":50},[36,23678,23679,23682,23684,23686,23688,23690,23692,23694],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,23680,23681],{"class":42},"        numbers",[36,23683,3941],{"class":50},[36,23685,88],{"class":87},[36,23687,18799],{"class":91},[36,23689,88],{"class":87},[36,23691,13306],{"class":50},[36,23693,13309],{"class":46},[36,23695,23696],{"class":54}," 4\n",[14,23698,23699],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[14,23701,23702],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[26,23704,23706],{"className":28,"code":23705,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,23707,23708,23752,23756,23781,23793,23811,23815],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,23709,23710,23712,23714,23716,23718,23720,23722,23724,23726,23728,23730,23732,23734,23736,23738,23740,23742,23744,23746,23748,23750],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,23711,43],{"class":42},[36,23713,47],{"class":46},[36,23715,51],{"class":50},[36,23717,88],{"class":87},[36,23719,294],{"class":91},[36,23721,88],{"class":87},[36,23723,1213],{"class":50},[36,23725,1340],{"class":54},[36,23727,58],{"class":50},[36,23729,99],{"class":87},[36,23731,1707],{"class":91},[36,23733,88],{"class":87},[36,23735,1213],{"class":50},[36,23737,61],{"class":54},[36,23739,58],{"class":50},[36,23741,99],{"class":87},[36,23743,9770],{"class":91},[36,23745,88],{"class":87},[36,23747,1213],{"class":50},[36,23749,66],{"class":54},[36,23751,69],{"class":50},[36,23753,23754],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,23755,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,23757,23758,23760,23762,23764,23766,23768,23770,23772,23774,23776,23778],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,23759,5997],{"class":3917},[36,23761,21611],{"class":42},[36,23763,58],{"class":50},[36,23765,21616],{"class":42},[36,23767,3924],{"class":3917},[36,23769,22592],{"class":80},[36,23771,145],{"class":50},[36,23773,149],{"class":148},[36,23775,303],{"class":50},[36,23777,1369],{"class":148},[36,23779,23780],{"class":50},"()):\n",[36,23782,23783,23785,23787,23789,23791],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,23784,6438],{"class":3917},[36,23786,21616],{"class":42},[36,23788,4727],{"class":46},[36,23790,61],{"class":54},[36,23792,6433],{"class":50},[36,23794,23795,23797,23799,23801,23803,23805,23807,23809],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,23796,23681],{"class":42},[36,23798,3941],{"class":50},[36,23800,88],{"class":87},[36,23802,18799],{"class":91},[36,23804,88],{"class":87},[36,23806,13306],{"class":50},[36,23808,13309],{"class":46},[36,23810,23696],{"class":54},[36,23812,23813],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,23814,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,23816,23817,23819,23821,23823],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,23818,142],{"class":141},[36,23820,145],{"class":50},[36,23822,149],{"class":148},[36,23824,152],{"class":50},[376,23826,23828],{"id":23827},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[14,23830,23831],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[26,23833,23835],{"className":28,"code":23834,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[33,23836,23837,23869,23873,23889],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,23838,23839,23841,23843,23845,23847,23849,23851,23853,23855,23857,23859,23861,23863,23865,23867],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,23840,9200],{"class":42},[36,23842,47],{"class":46},[36,23844,51],{"class":50},[36,23846,88],{"class":87},[36,23848,2222],{"class":91},[36,23850,88],{"class":87},[36,23852,1213],{"class":50},[36,23854,6044],{"class":54},[36,23856,58],{"class":50},[36,23858,99],{"class":87},[36,23860,11775],{"class":91},[36,23862,88],{"class":87},[36,23864,1213],{"class":50},[36,23866,636],{"class":54},[36,23868,69],{"class":50},[36,23870,23871],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,23872,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,23874,23875,23877,23879,23881,23883,23885,23887],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,23876,5997],{"class":3917},[36,23878,6000],{"class":42},[36,23880,3924],{"class":3917},[36,23882,14599],{"class":42},[36,23884,303],{"class":50},[36,23886,1369],{"class":148},[36,23888,21627],{"class":50},[36,23890,23891,23893,23895,23897],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,23892,8105],{"class":141},[36,23894,145],{"class":50},[36,23896,23343],{"class":148},[36,23898,152],{"class":50},[14,23900,23901],{},[180,23902,182],{},[26,23904,23906],{"className":28,"code":23905,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[33,23907,23908,23924],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,23909,23910,23912,23914,23916,23918,23920,23922],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,23911,145],{"class":50},[36,23913,211],{"class":87},[36,23915,2222],{"class":91},[36,23917,211],{"class":87},[36,23919,58],{"class":50},[36,23921,6044],{"class":54},[36,23923,152],{"class":50},[36,23925,23926,23928,23930,23932,23934,23936,23938],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,23927,145],{"class":50},[36,23929,211],{"class":87},[36,23931,11775],{"class":91},[36,23933,211],{"class":87},[36,23935,58],{"class":50},[36,23937,636],{"class":54},[36,23939,152],{"class":50},[14,23941,23942,23943,23945],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[33,23944,21687],{}," pair.",[21,23947,1872],{"id":1871},[376,23949,23951,23952,5185],{"id":23950},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[33,23953,17108],{},[14,23955,17452,23956,23958],{},[33,23957,21940],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[376,23960,12735,23962,23964],{"id":23961},"does-items-return-a-list",[33,23963,17108],{}," return a list?",[14,23966,23967,23968,23971],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[33,23969,23970],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[376,23973,23975,23976,2541],{"id":23974},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[33,23977,17108],{},[14,23979,23980],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[26,23982,23984],{"className":28,"code":23983,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[33,23985,23986,24006],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,23987,23988,23990,23992,23994,23996,23998,24000,24002,24004],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,23989,5997],{"class":3917},[36,23991,21611],{"class":42},[36,23993,58],{"class":50},[36,23995,21616],{"class":42},[36,23997,3924],{"class":3917},[36,23999,11796],{"class":42},[36,24001,303],{"class":50},[36,24003,1369],{"class":148},[36,24005,21627],{"class":50},[36,24007,24008,24010,24012,24014,24016,24018],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,24009,8105],{"class":141},[36,24011,145],{"class":50},[36,24013,14874],{"class":148},[36,24015,58],{"class":50},[36,24017,8469],{"class":148},[36,24019,152],{"class":50},[376,24021,12735,24023,24025],{"id":24022},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[33,24024,17108],{}," change the dictionary?",[14,24027,24028],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[21,24030,1923],{"id":1922},[246,24032,24033,24039,24045,24050,24054],{},[249,24034,24035],{},[294,24036,10767,24037,1939],{"href":22919},[33,24038,17095],{},[249,24040,24041],{},[294,24042,10767,24043,1939],{"href":22927},[33,24044,17101],{},[249,24046,24047],{},[294,24048,24049],{"href":22506},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[249,24051,24052],{},[294,24053,9190],{"href":13055},[249,24055,24056],{},[294,24057,24058],{"href":21810},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1962,24060,24061],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":24063},[24064,24065,24067,24068,24069,24071,24072,24074,24076,24085,24095],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":21670,"depth":72,"text":24066},"What items() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":22001,"depth":72,"text":22002},{"id":22227,"depth":72,"text":24070},"Looping with items()",{"id":22510,"depth":72,"text":22511},{"id":22702,"depth":72,"text":24073},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22937,"depth":72,"text":24075},"When to use items()",{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455,"children":24077},[24078,24080,24082,24084],{"id":23132,"depth":118,"text":24079},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23390,"depth":118,"text":24081},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23582,"depth":118,"text":24083},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23827,"depth":118,"text":23828},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":24086},[24087,24089,24091,24093],{"id":23950,"depth":118,"text":24088},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23961,"depth":118,"text":24090},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23974,"depth":118,"text":24092},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24022,"depth":118,"text":24094},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21538,"description":24096},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24103,"title":24104,"body":24105,"description":26196,"extension":2009,"meta":26197,"navigation":134,"path":22919,"seo":26198,"stem":26199,"__hash__":26200},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24106,"toc":26162},[24107,24112,24118,24121,24132,24139,24141,24224,24228,24275,24280,24285,24290,24292,24308,24310,24409,24413,24470,24473,24475,24478,24571,24575,24638,24641,24657,24662,24664,24666,24681,24683,24694,24696,24739,24742,24786,24789,24791,24798,24801,24818,24820,24913,24917,24958,24970,24974,24977,25065,25069,25089,25092,25119,25126,25131,25135,25146,25148,25252,25256,25282,25285,25352,25357,25360,25383,25388,25392,25397,25403,25408,25410,25465,25469,25496,25503,25509,25512,25537,25543,25569,25572,25647,25654,25659,25661,25700,25718,25722,25725,25768,25771,25773,25792,25794,25799,25824,25827,25897,25900,25973,25977,25979,26040,26043,26059,26061,26066,26071,26078,26087,26093,26099,26106,26112,26116,26121,26123,26159],[10,24108,11348,24110,11352],{"id":24109},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[33,24111,17095],{},[14,24113,24114,24115,24117],{},"The Python dictionary ",[33,24116,17095],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24119,24120],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[246,24122,24123,24126,24129],{},[249,24124,24125],{},"view the available keys",[249,24127,24128],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[249,24130,24131],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[14,24133,24134,24136,24137,303],{},[33,24135,17095],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[33,24138,17044],{},[21,24140,2051],{"id":2050},[26,24142,24144],{"className":28,"code":24143,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[33,24145,24146,24182,24196,24200,24210],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,24147,24148,24150,24152,24154,24156,24158,24160,24162,24164,24166,24168,24170,24172,24174,24176,24178,24180],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,24149,12895],{"class":42},[36,24151,47],{"class":46},[36,24153,51],{"class":50},[36,24155,88],{"class":87},[36,24157,1250],{"class":91},[36,24159,88],{"class":87},[36,24161,1213],{"class":50},[36,24163,99],{"class":87},[36,24165,12912],{"class":91},[36,24167,88],{"class":87},[36,24169,58],{"class":50},[36,24171,99],{"class":87},[36,24173,9331],{"class":91},[36,24175,88],{"class":87},[36,24177,1213],{"class":50},[36,24179,636],{"class":54},[36,24181,69],{"class":50},[36,24183,24184,24186,24188,24190,24192,24194],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,24185,17272],{"class":42},[36,24187,47],{"class":46},[36,24189,12938],{"class":42},[36,24191,303],{"class":50},[36,24193,16953],{"class":148},[36,24195,128],{"class":50},[36,24197,24198],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,24199,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,24201,24202,24204,24206,24208],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,24203,142],{"class":141},[36,24205,145],{"class":50},[36,24207,16953],{"class":148},[36,24209,152],{"class":50},[36,24211,24212,24214,24216,24218,24220,24222],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,24213,142],{"class":141},[36,24215,145],{"class":50},[36,24217,1225],{"class":80},[36,24219,145],{"class":50},[36,24221,16953],{"class":148},[36,24223,445],{"class":50},[14,24225,24226],{},[180,24227,182],{},[26,24229,24231],{"className":28,"code":24230,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[33,24232,24233,24255],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,24234,24235,24237,24239,24241,24243,24245,24247,24249,24251,24253],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,24236,17044],{"class":148},[36,24238,84],{"class":50},[36,24240,211],{"class":87},[36,24242,1250],{"class":91},[36,24244,211],{"class":87},[36,24246,58],{"class":50},[36,24248,220],{"class":87},[36,24250,9331],{"class":91},[36,24252,211],{"class":87},[36,24254,115],{"class":50},[36,24256,24257,24259,24261,24263,24265,24267,24269,24271,24273],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,24258,3941],{"class":50},[36,24260,211],{"class":87},[36,24262,1250],{"class":91},[36,24264,211],{"class":87},[36,24266,58],{"class":50},[36,24268,220],{"class":87},[36,24270,9331],{"class":91},[36,24272,211],{"class":87},[36,24274,1355],{"class":50},[14,24276,495,24277,24279],{},[33,24278,17095],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[21,24281,3720,24283,3723],{"id":24282},"what-keys-does",[33,24284,17095],{},[14,24286,24287,24289],{},[33,24288,17095],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24291,11488],{},[246,24293,24294,24297,24300,24305],{},[249,24295,24296],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[249,24298,24299],{},"It does not need any arguments",[249,24301,17452,24302,24304],{},[33,24303,17044],{}," view object, not a list",[249,24306,24307],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[14,24309,2257],{},[26,24311,24313],{"className":28,"code":24312,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[33,24314,24315,24351,24355,24369,24373,24395],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,24316,24317,24319,24321,24323,24325,24327,24329,24331,24333,24335,24337,24339,24341,24343,24345,24347,24349],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,24318,13237],{"class":42},[36,24320,47],{"class":46},[36,24322,51],{"class":50},[36,24324,88],{"class":87},[36,24326,1250],{"class":91},[36,24328,88],{"class":87},[36,24330,1213],{"class":50},[36,24332,99],{"class":87},[36,24334,13254],{"class":91},[36,24336,88],{"class":87},[36,24338,58],{"class":50},[36,24340,99],{"class":87},[36,24342,9331],{"class":91},[36,24344,88],{"class":87},[36,24346,1213],{"class":50},[36,24348,9338],{"class":54},[36,24350,69],{"class":50},[36,24352,24353],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,24354,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,24356,24357,24359,24361,24363,24365,24367],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,24358,142],{"class":141},[36,24360,145],{"class":50},[36,24362,17337],{"class":148},[36,24364,303],{"class":50},[36,24366,16953],{"class":148},[36,24368,1847],{"class":50},[36,24370,24371],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,24372,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,24374,24375,24377,24379,24381,24383,24385,24387,24389,24391,24393],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,24376,17337],{"class":42},[36,24378,3941],{"class":50},[36,24380,88],{"class":87},[36,24382,10439],{"class":91},[36,24384,88],{"class":87},[36,24386,13306],{"class":50},[36,24388,13309],{"class":46},[36,24390,99],{"class":87},[36,24392,10446],{"class":91},[36,24394,3403],{"class":87},[36,24396,24397,24399,24401,24403,24405,24407],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,24398,142],{"class":141},[36,24400,145],{"class":50},[36,24402,17337],{"class":148},[36,24404,303],{"class":50},[36,24406,16953],{"class":148},[36,24408,1847],{"class":50},[14,24410,24411],{},[180,24412,182],{},[26,24414,24416],{"className":28,"code":24415,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[33,24417,24418,24440],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,24419,24420,24422,24424,24426,24428,24430,24432,24434,24436,24438],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,24421,17044],{"class":148},[36,24423,84],{"class":50},[36,24425,211],{"class":87},[36,24427,1250],{"class":91},[36,24429,211],{"class":87},[36,24431,58],{"class":50},[36,24433,220],{"class":87},[36,24435,9331],{"class":91},[36,24437,211],{"class":87},[36,24439,115],{"class":50},[36,24441,24442,24444,24446,24448,24450,24452,24454,24456,24458,24460,24462,24464,24466,24468],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,24443,17044],{"class":148},[36,24445,84],{"class":50},[36,24447,211],{"class":87},[36,24449,1250],{"class":91},[36,24451,211],{"class":87},[36,24453,58],{"class":50},[36,24455,220],{"class":87},[36,24457,9331],{"class":91},[36,24459,211],{"class":87},[36,24461,58],{"class":50},[36,24463,220],{"class":87},[36,24465,10439],{"class":91},[36,24467,211],{"class":87},[36,24469,115],{"class":50},[14,24471,24472],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[21,24474,5826],{"id":5825},[14,24476,24477],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[26,24479,24481],{"className":28,"code":24480,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[33,24482,24483,24535,24539,24553],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,24484,24485,24487,24489,24491,24493,24495,24497,24499,24501,24503,24505,24507,24509,24511,24513,24515,24517,24519,24521,24523,24525,24527,24529,24531,24533],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,24486,9200],{"class":42},[36,24488,47],{"class":46},[36,24490,51],{"class":50},[36,24492,88],{"class":87},[36,24494,1250],{"class":91},[36,24496,88],{"class":87},[36,24498,1213],{"class":50},[36,24500,99],{"class":87},[36,24502,12912],{"class":91},[36,24504,88],{"class":87},[36,24506,58],{"class":50},[36,24508,99],{"class":87},[36,24510,9331],{"class":91},[36,24512,88],{"class":87},[36,24514,1213],{"class":50},[36,24516,636],{"class":54},[36,24518,58],{"class":50},[36,24520,99],{"class":87},[36,24522,19923],{"class":91},[36,24524,88],{"class":87},[36,24526,1213],{"class":50},[36,24528,99],{"class":87},[36,24530,22277],{"class":91},[36,24532,88],{"class":87},[36,24534,69],{"class":50},[36,24536,24537],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,24538,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,24540,24541,24543,24545,24547,24549,24551],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,24542,142],{"class":141},[36,24544,145],{"class":50},[36,24546,9239],{"class":148},[36,24548,303],{"class":50},[36,24550,16953],{"class":148},[36,24552,1847],{"class":50},[36,24554,24555,24557,24559,24561,24563,24565,24567,24569],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,24556,142],{"class":141},[36,24558,145],{"class":50},[36,24560,1225],{"class":80},[36,24562,145],{"class":50},[36,24564,9239],{"class":148},[36,24566,303],{"class":50},[36,24568,16953],{"class":148},[36,24570,6329],{"class":50},[14,24572,24573],{},[180,24574,182],{},[26,24576,24578],{"className":28,"code":24577,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[33,24579,24580,24610],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,24581,24582,24584,24586,24588,24590,24592,24594,24596,24598,24600,24602,24604,24606,24608],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,24583,17044],{"class":148},[36,24585,84],{"class":50},[36,24587,211],{"class":87},[36,24589,1250],{"class":91},[36,24591,211],{"class":87},[36,24593,58],{"class":50},[36,24595,220],{"class":87},[36,24597,9331],{"class":91},[36,24599,211],{"class":87},[36,24601,58],{"class":50},[36,24603,220],{"class":87},[36,24605,19923],{"class":91},[36,24607,211],{"class":87},[36,24609,115],{"class":50},[36,24611,24612,24614,24616,24618,24620,24622,24624,24626,24628,24630,24632,24634,24636],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,24613,3941],{"class":50},[36,24615,211],{"class":87},[36,24617,1250],{"class":91},[36,24619,211],{"class":87},[36,24621,58],{"class":50},[36,24623,220],{"class":87},[36,24625,9331],{"class":91},[36,24627,211],{"class":87},[36,24629,58],{"class":50},[36,24631,220],{"class":87},[36,24633,19923],{"class":91},[36,24635,211],{"class":87},[36,24637,1355],{"class":50},[14,24639,24640],{},"This shows two things:",[246,24642,24643,24651],{},[249,24644,24645,22007,24648,24650],{},[33,24646,24647],{},"data.keys()",[33,24649,17044],{}," object",[249,24652,24653,24656],{},[33,24654,24655],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[14,24658,9186,24659,303],{},[294,24660,24661],{"href":9422},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[21,24663,5472],{"id":5471},[14,24665,2208],{},[26,24667,24669],{"className":28,"code":24668,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_dict.keys()\n",[33,24670,24671],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,24672,24673,24675,24677,24679],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,24674,1747],{"class":42},[36,24676,303],{"class":50},[36,24678,16953],{"class":148},[36,24680,128],{"class":50},[14,24682,21832],{},[246,24684,24685,24688,24691],{},[249,24686,24687],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[249,24689,24690],{},"It takes no parameters",[249,24692,24693],{},"You must include the parentheses",[14,24695,16685],{},[26,24697,24699],{"className":28,"code":24698,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[33,24700,24701,24725],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,24702,24703,24705,24707,24709,24711,24713,24715,24717,24719,24721,24723],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,24704,12895],{"class":42},[36,24706,47],{"class":46},[36,24708,51],{"class":50},[36,24710,88],{"class":87},[36,24712,1250],{"class":91},[36,24714,88],{"class":87},[36,24716,1213],{"class":50},[36,24718,99],{"class":87},[36,24720,12912],{"class":91},[36,24722,88],{"class":87},[36,24724,69],{"class":50},[36,24726,24727,24729,24731,24733,24735,24737],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,24728,142],{"class":141},[36,24730,145],{"class":50},[36,24732,13659],{"class":148},[36,24734,303],{"class":50},[36,24736,16953],{"class":148},[36,24738,1847],{"class":50},[14,24740,24741],{},"Incorrect:",[26,24743,24745],{"className":28,"code":24744,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[33,24746,24747,24771],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,24748,24749,24751,24753,24755,24757,24759,24761,24763,24765,24767,24769],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,24750,12895],{"class":42},[36,24752,47],{"class":46},[36,24754,51],{"class":50},[36,24756,88],{"class":87},[36,24758,1250],{"class":91},[36,24760,88],{"class":87},[36,24762,1213],{"class":50},[36,24764,99],{"class":87},[36,24766,12912],{"class":91},[36,24768,88],{"class":87},[36,24770,69],{"class":50},[36,24772,24773,24775,24777,24779,24781,24784],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,24774,142],{"class":141},[36,24776,145],{"class":50},[36,24778,13659],{"class":148},[36,24780,303],{"class":50},[36,24782,16953],{"class":24783},"skxfh",[36,24785,152],{"class":50},[14,24787,24788],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[21,24790,17449],{"id":17448},[14,24792,24793,22007,24795,24797],{},[33,24794,17095],{},[33,24796,17044],{}," object.",[14,24799,24800],{},"This object:",[246,24802,24803,24806,24809,24815],{},[249,24804,24805],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[249,24807,24808],{},"can be used in a loop",[249,24810,24811,24812],{},"can be converted with ",[33,24813,24814],{},"list()",[249,24816,24817],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[14,24819,2257],{},[26,24821,24823],{"className":28,"code":24822,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[33,24824,24825,24866,24870,24885,24889,24899],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,24826,24827,24830,24832,24834,24836,24839,24841,24843,24845,24848,24850,24852,24854,24857,24859,24861,24864],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,24828,24829],{"class":42},"car ",[36,24831,47],{"class":46},[36,24833,51],{"class":50},[36,24835,88],{"class":87},[36,24837,24838],{"class":91},"brand",[36,24840,88],{"class":87},[36,24842,1213],{"class":50},[36,24844,99],{"class":87},[36,24846,24847],{"class":91},"Toyota",[36,24849,88],{"class":87},[36,24851,58],{"class":50},[36,24853,99],{"class":87},[36,24855,24856],{"class":91},"year",[36,24858,88],{"class":87},[36,24860,1213],{"class":50},[36,24862,24863],{"class":54}," 2020",[36,24865,69],{"class":50},[36,24867,24868],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,24869,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,24871,24872,24874,24876,24879,24881,24883],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,24873,2280],{"class":42},[36,24875,47],{"class":46},[36,24877,24878],{"class":42}," car",[36,24880,303],{"class":50},[36,24882,16953],{"class":148},[36,24884,128],{"class":50},[36,24886,24887],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,24888,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,24890,24891,24893,24895,24897],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,24892,142],{"class":141},[36,24894,145],{"class":50},[36,24896,2315],{"class":148},[36,24898,152],{"class":50},[36,24900,24901,24903,24905,24907,24909,24911],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,24902,142],{"class":141},[36,24904,145],{"class":50},[36,24906,818],{"class":80},[36,24908,145],{"class":50},[36,24910,2315],{"class":148},[36,24912,445],{"class":50},[14,24914,24915],{},[180,24916,182],{},[26,24918,24920],{"className":28,"code":24919,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[33,24921,24922,24944],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,24923,24924,24926,24928,24930,24932,24934,24936,24938,24940,24942],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,24925,17044],{"class":148},[36,24927,84],{"class":50},[36,24929,211],{"class":87},[36,24931,24838],{"class":91},[36,24933,211],{"class":87},[36,24935,58],{"class":50},[36,24937,220],{"class":87},[36,24939,24856],{"class":91},[36,24941,211],{"class":87},[36,24943,115],{"class":50},[36,24945,24946,24948,24950,24952,24954,24956],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,24947,844],{"class":46},[36,24949,848],{"class":847},[36,24951,220],{"class":87},[36,24953,17044],{"class":91},[36,24955,211],{"class":87},[36,24957,857],{"class":46},[14,24959,24960,24961,24965,24966,303],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[294,24962,10767,24963,1939],{"href":17098},[33,24964,17101],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[294,24967,10767,24968,1939],{"href":17105},[33,24969,17108],{},[21,24971,24973],{"id":24972},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[14,24975,24976],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[26,24978,24980],{"className":28,"code":24979,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[33,24981,24982,25035,25039,25055],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,24983,24984,24986,24988,24990,24992,24994,24996,24998,25000,25002,25004,25006,25008,25010,25012,25014,25016,25018,25020,25022,25024,25026,25028,25031,25033],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,24985,12895],{"class":42},[36,24987,47],{"class":46},[36,24989,51],{"class":50},[36,24991,88],{"class":87},[36,24993,1250],{"class":91},[36,24995,88],{"class":87},[36,24997,1213],{"class":50},[36,24999,99],{"class":87},[36,25001,12912],{"class":91},[36,25003,88],{"class":87},[36,25005,58],{"class":50},[36,25007,99],{"class":87},[36,25009,9331],{"class":91},[36,25011,88],{"class":87},[36,25013,1213],{"class":50},[36,25015,636],{"class":54},[36,25017,58],{"class":50},[36,25019,99],{"class":87},[36,25021,15360],{"class":91},[36,25023,88],{"class":87},[36,25025,1213],{"class":50},[36,25027,99],{"class":87},[36,25029,25030],{"class":91},"Math",[36,25032,88],{"class":87},[36,25034,69],{"class":50},[36,25036,25037],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,25038,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,25040,25041,25043,25045,25047,25049,25051,25053],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,25042,5997],{"class":3917},[36,25044,18240],{"class":42},[36,25046,3924],{"class":3917},[36,25048,12938],{"class":42},[36,25050,303],{"class":50},[36,25052,16953],{"class":148},[36,25054,21627],{"class":50},[36,25056,25057,25059,25061,25063],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,25058,8105],{"class":141},[36,25060,145],{"class":50},[36,25062,14874],{"class":148},[36,25064,152],{"class":50},[14,25066,25067],{},[180,25068,182],{},[26,25070,25072],{"className":28,"code":25071,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[33,25073,25074,25079,25084],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,25075,25076],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,25077,25078],{"class":42},"name\n",[36,25080,25081],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,25082,25083],{"class":42},"age\n",[36,25085,25086],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,25087,25088],{"class":42},"course\n",[14,25090,25091],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[26,25093,25095],{"className":28,"code":25094,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[33,25096,25097,25109],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,25098,25099,25101,25103,25105,25107],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,25100,5997],{"class":3917},[36,25102,18240],{"class":42},[36,25104,3924],{"class":3917},[36,25106,12938],{"class":42},[36,25108,6433],{"class":50},[36,25110,25111,25113,25115,25117],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,25112,8105],{"class":141},[36,25114,145],{"class":50},[36,25116,14874],{"class":148},[36,25118,152],{"class":50},[14,25120,25121,25122,25125],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[33,25123,25124],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[21,25127,5000,25129],{"id":25128},"when-to-use-keys",[33,25130,17095],{},[14,25132,495,25133,10631],{},[33,25134,17095],{},[246,25136,25137,25140,25143],{},[249,25138,25139],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[249,25141,25142],{},"you want to display available fields",[249,25144,25145],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[14,25147,2257],{},[26,25149,25151],{"className":28,"code":25150,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[33,25152,25153,25206,25210,25225,25242],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,25154,25155,25158,25160,25162,25164,25166,25168,25170,25172,25175,25177,25179,25181,25184,25186,25188,25191,25193,25195,25198,25200,25202,25204],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,25156,25157],{"class":42},"product ",[36,25159,47],{"class":46},[36,25161,51],{"class":50},[36,25163,88],{"class":87},[36,25165,1250],{"class":91},[36,25167,88],{"class":87},[36,25169,1213],{"class":50},[36,25171,99],{"class":87},[36,25173,25174],{"class":91},"Book",[36,25176,88],{"class":87},[36,25178,58],{"class":50},[36,25180,99],{"class":87},[36,25182,25183],{"class":91},"price",[36,25185,88],{"class":87},[36,25187,1213],{"class":50},[36,25189,25190],{"class":54}," 12.99",[36,25192,58],{"class":50},[36,25194,99],{"class":87},[36,25196,25197],{"class":91},"stock",[36,25199,88],{"class":87},[36,25201,1213],{"class":50},[36,25203,4644],{"class":54},[36,25205,69],{"class":50},[36,25207,25208],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,25209,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,25211,25212,25214,25216,25218,25221,25223],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,25213,142],{"class":141},[36,25215,145],{"class":50},[36,25217,88],{"class":87},[36,25219,25220],{"class":91},"Available fields:",[36,25222,88],{"class":87},[36,25224,152],{"class":50},[36,25226,25227,25229,25231,25233,25236,25238,25240],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,25228,5997],{"class":3917},[36,25230,18240],{"class":42},[36,25232,3924],{"class":3917},[36,25234,25235],{"class":42}," product",[36,25237,303],{"class":50},[36,25239,16953],{"class":148},[36,25241,21627],{"class":50},[36,25243,25244,25246,25248,25250],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,25245,8105],{"class":141},[36,25247,145],{"class":50},[36,25249,14874],{"class":148},[36,25251,152],{"class":50},[14,25253,25254],{},[180,25255,182],{},[26,25257,25259],{"className":28,"code":25258,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[33,25260,25261,25268,25272,25277],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,25262,25263,25266],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,25264,25265],{"class":42},"Available fields",[36,25267,6433],{"class":50},[36,25269,25270],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,25271,25078],{"class":42},[36,25273,25274],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,25275,25276],{"class":42},"price\n",[36,25278,25279],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,25280,25281],{"class":42},"stock\n",[14,25283,25284],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[26,25286,25288],{"className":28,"code":25287,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[33,25289,25290,25326,25330],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,25291,25292,25294,25296,25298,25300,25302,25304,25306,25308,25310,25312,25314,25316,25318,25320,25322,25324],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,25293,25157],{"class":42},[36,25295,47],{"class":46},[36,25297,51],{"class":50},[36,25299,88],{"class":87},[36,25301,1250],{"class":91},[36,25303,88],{"class":87},[36,25305,1213],{"class":50},[36,25307,99],{"class":87},[36,25309,25174],{"class":91},[36,25311,88],{"class":87},[36,25313,58],{"class":50},[36,25315,99],{"class":87},[36,25317,25183],{"class":91},[36,25319,88],{"class":87},[36,25321,1213],{"class":50},[36,25323,25190],{"class":54},[36,25325,69],{"class":50},[36,25327,25328],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,25329,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,25331,25332,25334,25336,25338,25340,25342,25344,25346,25348,25350],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,25333,142],{"class":141},[36,25335,145],{"class":50},[36,25337,88],{"class":87},[36,25339,1250],{"class":91},[36,25341,88],{"class":87},[36,25343,21205],{"class":3917},[36,25345,25235],{"class":148},[36,25347,303],{"class":50},[36,25349,16953],{"class":148},[36,25351,1847],{"class":50},[14,25353,25354,25355,303],{},"This works and returns ",[33,25356,3649],{},[14,25358,25359],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[26,25361,25363],{"className":28,"code":25362,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[33,25364,25365],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,25366,25367,25369,25371,25373,25375,25377,25379,25381],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,25368,142],{"class":141},[36,25370,145],{"class":50},[36,25372,88],{"class":87},[36,25374,1250],{"class":91},[36,25376,88],{"class":87},[36,25378,21205],{"class":3917},[36,25380,25235],{"class":148},[36,25382,152],{"class":50},[14,25384,25385,25386,303],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[294,25387,21238],{"href":17183},[21,25389,25391],{"id":25390},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[14,25393,25394,25395,303],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[33,25396,17095],{},[376,25398,8489,25400,25402],{"id":25399},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[33,25401,17095],{}," to return key-value pairs",[14,25404,25405,25407],{},[33,25406,17095],{}," returns only the keys.",[14,25409,2257],{},[26,25411,25413],{"className":28,"code":25412,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[33,25414,25415,25451],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,25416,25417,25419,25421,25423,25425,25427,25429,25431,25433,25435,25437,25439,25441,25443,25445,25447,25449],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,25418,9200],{"class":42},[36,25420,47],{"class":46},[36,25422,51],{"class":50},[36,25424,88],{"class":87},[36,25426,1250],{"class":91},[36,25428,88],{"class":87},[36,25430,1213],{"class":50},[36,25432,99],{"class":87},[36,25434,12912],{"class":91},[36,25436,88],{"class":87},[36,25438,58],{"class":50},[36,25440,99],{"class":87},[36,25442,9331],{"class":91},[36,25444,88],{"class":87},[36,25446,1213],{"class":50},[36,25448,636],{"class":54},[36,25450,69],{"class":50},[36,25452,25453,25455,25457,25459,25461,25463],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,25454,142],{"class":141},[36,25456,145],{"class":50},[36,25458,9239],{"class":148},[36,25460,303],{"class":50},[36,25462,16953],{"class":148},[36,25464,1847],{"class":50},[14,25466,25467],{},[180,25468,182],{},[26,25470,25472],{"className":28,"code":25471,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[33,25473,25474],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,25475,25476,25478,25480,25482,25484,25486,25488,25490,25492,25494],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,25477,17044],{"class":148},[36,25479,84],{"class":50},[36,25481,211],{"class":87},[36,25483,1250],{"class":91},[36,25485,211],{"class":87},[36,25487,58],{"class":50},[36,25489,220],{"class":87},[36,25491,9331],{"class":91},[36,25493,211],{"class":87},[36,25495,115],{"class":50},[14,25497,25498,25499,303],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[294,25500,25501],{"href":17105},[33,25502,17108],{},[376,25504,25506,25507],{"id":25505},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[33,25508,17044],{},[14,25510,25511],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[26,25513,25515],{"className":28,"code":25514,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['name', 'age']\n",[33,25516,25517],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,25518,25519,25521,25523,25525,25527,25529,25531,25533,25535],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,25520,3941],{"class":50},[36,25522,211],{"class":87},[36,25524,1250],{"class":91},[36,25526,211],{"class":87},[36,25528,58],{"class":50},[36,25530,220],{"class":87},[36,25532,9331],{"class":91},[36,25534,211],{"class":87},[36,25536,1355],{"class":50},[14,25538,25539,25540,25542],{},"But ",[33,25541,17095],{}," returns:",[26,25544,25545],{"className":28,"code":25471,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,25546,25547],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,25548,25549,25551,25553,25555,25557,25559,25561,25563,25565,25567],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,25550,17044],{"class":148},[36,25552,84],{"class":50},[36,25554,211],{"class":87},[36,25556,1250],{"class":91},[36,25558,211],{"class":87},[36,25560,58],{"class":50},[36,25562,220],{"class":87},[36,25564,9331],{"class":91},[36,25566,211],{"class":87},[36,25568,115],{"class":50},[14,25570,25571],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[26,25573,25575],{"className":28,"code":25574,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[33,25576,25577,25613,25632,25636],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,25578,25579,25581,25583,25585,25587,25589,25591,25593,25595,25597,25599,25601,25603,25605,25607,25609,25611],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,25580,9200],{"class":42},[36,25582,47],{"class":46},[36,25584,51],{"class":50},[36,25586,88],{"class":87},[36,25588,1250],{"class":91},[36,25590,88],{"class":87},[36,25592,1213],{"class":50},[36,25594,99],{"class":87},[36,25596,12912],{"class":91},[36,25598,88],{"class":87},[36,25600,58],{"class":50},[36,25602,99],{"class":87},[36,25604,9331],{"class":91},[36,25606,88],{"class":87},[36,25608,1213],{"class":50},[36,25610,636],{"class":54},[36,25612,69],{"class":50},[36,25614,25615,25618,25620,25622,25624,25626,25628,25630],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,25616,25617],{"class":42},"key_list ",[36,25619,47],{"class":46},[36,25621,22592],{"class":80},[36,25623,145],{"class":50},[36,25625,9239],{"class":148},[36,25627,303],{"class":50},[36,25629,16953],{"class":148},[36,25631,1847],{"class":50},[36,25633,25634],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,25635,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,25637,25638,25640,25642,25645],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,25639,142],{"class":141},[36,25641,145],{"class":50},[36,25643,25644],{"class":148},"key_list",[36,25646,152],{"class":50},[376,25648,25650,25651,25653],{"id":25649},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[33,25652,17095],{}," on a list or string",[14,25655,25656,25658],{},[33,25657,17095],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[14,25660,2886],{},[26,25662,25664],{"className":28,"code":25663,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[33,25665,25666,25686],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,25667,25668,25670,25672,25674,25676,25678,25680,25682,25684],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,25669,43],{"class":42},[36,25671,47],{"class":46},[36,25673,1333],{"class":50},[36,25675,55],{"class":54},[36,25677,58],{"class":50},[36,25679,61],{"class":54},[36,25681,58],{"class":50},[36,25683,66],{"class":54},[36,25685,1355],{"class":50},[36,25687,25688,25690,25692,25694,25696,25698],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,25689,142],{"class":141},[36,25691,145],{"class":50},[36,25693,149],{"class":148},[36,25695,303],{"class":50},[36,25697,16953],{"class":148},[36,25699,1847],{"class":50},[14,25701,25702,25703,25706,25707,25709,25710,303],{},"You may get an ",[33,25704,25705],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[33,25708,17095],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[294,25711,25713,25714,25717],{"href":25712},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[33,25715,25716],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[376,25719,25721],{"id":25720},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[14,25723,25724],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[26,25726,25728],{"className":28,"code":25727,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[33,25729,25730,25754],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,25731,25732,25734,25736,25738,25740,25742,25744,25746,25748,25750,25752],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,25733,9200],{"class":42},[36,25735,47],{"class":46},[36,25737,51],{"class":50},[36,25739,88],{"class":87},[36,25741,1250],{"class":91},[36,25743,88],{"class":87},[36,25745,1213],{"class":50},[36,25747,99],{"class":87},[36,25749,12912],{"class":91},[36,25751,88],{"class":87},[36,25753,69],{"class":50},[36,25755,25756,25758,25760,25762,25764,25766],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,25757,142],{"class":141},[36,25759,145],{"class":50},[36,25761,9239],{"class":148},[36,25763,303],{"class":50},[36,25765,16953],{"class":24783},[36,25767,152],{"class":50},[14,25769,25770],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[14,25772,18726],{},[26,25774,25776],{"className":28,"code":25775,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(data.keys())\n",[33,25777,25778],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,25779,25780,25782,25784,25786,25788,25790],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,25781,142],{"class":141},[36,25783,145],{"class":50},[36,25785,9239],{"class":148},[36,25787,303],{"class":50},[36,25789,16953],{"class":148},[36,25791,1847],{"class":50},[21,25793,1455],{"id":1454},[14,25795,25796,25797,1213],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[33,25798,17095],{},[246,25800,25801,25806,25812,25818],{},[249,25802,1462,25803,25805],{},[33,25804,17095],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[249,25807,25808,25809,25811],{},"Thinking ",[33,25810,17095],{}," returns values too",[249,25813,25814,25815,25817],{},"Trying to index ",[33,25816,17044],{}," like a normal list",[249,25819,25820,25821,25823],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[33,25822,17044],{}," to a list when needed",[14,25825,25826],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[26,25828,25830],{"className":28,"code":25829,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[33,25831,25832,25864,25878,25882,25892],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,25833,25834,25836,25838,25840,25842,25844,25846,25848,25850,25852,25854,25856,25858,25860,25862],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,25835,9200],{"class":42},[36,25837,47],{"class":46},[36,25839,51],{"class":50},[36,25841,88],{"class":87},[36,25843,294],{"class":91},[36,25845,88],{"class":87},[36,25847,1213],{"class":50},[36,25849,1340],{"class":54},[36,25851,58],{"class":50},[36,25853,99],{"class":87},[36,25855,1707],{"class":91},[36,25857,88],{"class":87},[36,25859,1213],{"class":50},[36,25861,61],{"class":54},[36,25863,69],{"class":50},[36,25865,25866,25868,25870,25872,25874,25876],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,25867,17272],{"class":42},[36,25869,47],{"class":46},[36,25871,14599],{"class":42},[36,25873,303],{"class":50},[36,25875,16953],{"class":148},[36,25877,128],{"class":50},[36,25879,25880],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,25881,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,25883,25884,25886,25888,25890],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,25885,142],{"class":141},[36,25887,145],{"class":50},[36,25889,16953],{"class":148},[36,25891,152],{"class":50},[36,25893,25894],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,25895,25896],{"class":1617},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[14,25898,25899],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[26,25901,25903],{"className":28,"code":25902,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[33,25904,25905,25937,25955,25959],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,25906,25907,25909,25911,25913,25915,25917,25919,25921,25923,25925,25927,25929,25931,25933,25935],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,25908,9200],{"class":42},[36,25910,47],{"class":46},[36,25912,51],{"class":50},[36,25914,88],{"class":87},[36,25916,294],{"class":91},[36,25918,88],{"class":87},[36,25920,1213],{"class":50},[36,25922,1340],{"class":54},[36,25924,58],{"class":50},[36,25926,99],{"class":87},[36,25928,1707],{"class":91},[36,25930,88],{"class":87},[36,25932,1213],{"class":50},[36,25934,61],{"class":54},[36,25936,69],{"class":50},[36,25938,25939,25941,25943,25945,25947,25949,25951,25953],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,25940,17272],{"class":42},[36,25942,47],{"class":46},[36,25944,22592],{"class":80},[36,25946,145],{"class":50},[36,25948,9239],{"class":148},[36,25950,303],{"class":50},[36,25952,16953],{"class":148},[36,25954,1847],{"class":50},[36,25956,25957],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,25958,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,25960,25961,25963,25965,25967,25969,25971],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,25962,142],{"class":141},[36,25964,145],{"class":50},[36,25966,16953],{"class":148},[36,25968,3941],{"class":50},[36,25970,2166],{"class":54},[36,25972,115],{"class":50},[21,25974,25976],{"id":25975},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[14,25978,11143],{},[26,25980,25982],{"className":28,"code":25981,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[33,25983,25984,25998,26008,26022],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,25985,25986,25988,25990,25992,25994,25996],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,25987,142],{"class":141},[36,25989,145],{"class":50},[36,25991,818],{"class":80},[36,25993,145],{"class":50},[36,25995,1747],{"class":148},[36,25997,445],{"class":50},[36,25999,26000,26002,26004,26006],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,26001,142],{"class":141},[36,26003,145],{"class":50},[36,26005,1747],{"class":148},[36,26007,152],{"class":50},[36,26009,26010,26012,26014,26016,26018,26020],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,26011,142],{"class":141},[36,26013,145],{"class":50},[36,26015,1747],{"class":148},[36,26017,303],{"class":50},[36,26019,16953],{"class":148},[36,26021,1847],{"class":50},[36,26023,26024,26026,26028,26030,26032,26034,26036,26038],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,26025,142],{"class":141},[36,26027,145],{"class":50},[36,26029,1225],{"class":80},[36,26031,145],{"class":50},[36,26033,1747],{"class":148},[36,26035,303],{"class":50},[36,26037,16953],{"class":148},[36,26039,6329],{"class":50},[14,26041,26042],{},"These help you confirm:",[246,26044,26045,26048,26051,26056],{},[249,26046,26047],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[249,26049,26050],{},"what data it contains",[249,26052,26053,26054,11736],{},"what ",[33,26055,17095],{},[249,26057,26058],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[21,26060,1872],{"id":1871},[376,26062,23951,26064,5185],{"id":26063},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[33,26065,17095],{},[14,26067,17452,26068,26070],{},[33,26069,17044],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[376,26072,14936,26074,26077],{"id":26073},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[33,26075,26076],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[14,26079,26080,26081,26083,26084,303],{},"No. It returns a ",[33,26082,17044],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[33,26085,26086],{},"list(dict.keys())",[376,26088,26090,26091,2541],{"id":26089},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[33,26092,26076],{},[14,26094,26095,26096,26098],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[33,26097,5997],{}," loop.",[376,26100,26102,26103,26105],{"id":26101},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[33,26104,17095],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[14,26107,26108,26109,26111],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[33,26110,17095],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[376,26113,26115],{"id":26114},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[14,26117,495,26118,303],{},[33,26119,26120],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[21,26122,1923],{"id":1922},[246,26124,26125,26130,26136,26142,26148,26152],{},[249,26126,26127],{},[294,26128,26129],{"href":9422},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[249,26131,26132],{},[294,26133,10767,26134,1939],{"href":17098},[33,26135,17101],{},[249,26137,26138],{},[294,26139,10767,26140,1939],{"href":17105},[33,26141,17108],{},[249,26143,26144],{},[294,26145,26147],{"href":26146},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[249,26149,26150],{},[294,26151,17184],{"href":17183},[249,26153,26154],{},[294,26155,26156,26157,25717],{"href":25712},"How to fix ",[33,26158,25716],{},[1962,26160,26161],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":26163},[26164,26165,26167,26168,26169,26170,26171,26173,26182,26183,26184,26195],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":24282,"depth":72,"text":26166},"What keys() does",{"id":5825,"depth":72,"text":5826},{"id":5471,"depth":72,"text":5472},{"id":17448,"depth":72,"text":17449},{"id":24972,"depth":72,"text":24973},{"id":25128,"depth":72,"text":26172},"When to use keys()",{"id":25390,"depth":72,"text":25391,"children":26174},[26175,26177,26179,26181],{"id":25399,"depth":118,"text":26176},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25505,"depth":118,"text":26178},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25649,"depth":118,"text":26180},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25720,"depth":118,"text":25721},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455},{"id":25975,"depth":72,"text":25976},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":26185},[26186,26188,26190,26192,26194],{"id":26063,"depth":118,"text":26187},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26073,"depth":118,"text":26189},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26089,"depth":118,"text":26191},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26101,"depth":118,"text":26193},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26114,"depth":118,"text":26115},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24104,"description":26196},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26202,"title":26203,"body":26204,"description":28477,"extension":2009,"meta":28478,"navigation":134,"path":28479,"seo":28480,"stem":28481,"__hash__":28482},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26205,"toc":28430},[26206,26211,26216,26219,26221,26367,26380,26385,26389,26403,26405,26508,26517,26519,26522,26560,26585,26587,26694,26696,26703,26706,26714,26716,26857,26865,26870,26874,26885,26887,27049,27052,27060,27067,27073,27170,27176,27253,27256,27268,27273,27279,27282,27286,27375,27378,27382,27486,27493,27580,27589,27591,27596,27602,27605,27651,27654,27720,27729,27735,27828,27834,27840,27883,27886,27951,27957,28049,28052,28056,28062,28087,28090,28186,28193,28195,28200,28291,28293,28321,28326,28328,28335,28338,28342,28352,28357,28360,28367,28377,28384,28392,28394,28427],[10,26207,11348,26209,11352],{"id":26208},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[33,26210,12794],{},[14,26212,26213,26215],{},[33,26214,12600],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[14,26217,26218],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[21,26220,24],{"id":23},[26,26222,26224],{"className":28,"code":26223,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[33,26225,26226,26262,26286,26300,26313,26317,26322,26354],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,26227,26228,26230,26232,26234,26236,26238,26240,26242,26244,26246,26248,26250,26252,26254,26256,26258,26260],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,26229,13237],{"class":42},[36,26231,47],{"class":46},[36,26233,51],{"class":50},[36,26235,88],{"class":87},[36,26237,1250],{"class":91},[36,26239,88],{"class":87},[36,26241,1213],{"class":50},[36,26243,99],{"class":87},[36,26245,12912],{"class":91},[36,26247,88],{"class":87},[36,26249,58],{"class":50},[36,26251,99],{"class":87},[36,26253,9331],{"class":91},[36,26255,88],{"class":87},[36,26257,1213],{"class":50},[36,26259,9338],{"class":54},[36,26261,69],{"class":50},[36,26263,26264,26267,26269,26271,26273,26276,26278,26280,26282,26284],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,26265,26266],{"class":42},"removed_age ",[36,26268,47],{"class":46},[36,26270,13280],{"class":42},[36,26272,303],{"class":50},[36,26274,26275],{"class":148},"pop",[36,26277,145],{"class":50},[36,26279,88],{"class":87},[36,26281,9331],{"class":91},[36,26283,88],{"class":87},[36,26285,152],{"class":50},[36,26287,26288,26290,26292,26295,26297],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,26289,142],{"class":141},[36,26291,145],{"class":50},[36,26293,26294],{"class":148},"removed_age",[36,26296,3703],{"class":50},[36,26298,26299],{"class":1617},"   # 25\n",[36,26301,26302,26304,26306,26308,26310],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,26303,142],{"class":141},[36,26305,145],{"class":50},[36,26307,17337],{"class":148},[36,26309,3703],{"class":50},[36,26311,26312],{"class":1617},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[36,26314,26315],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,26316,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,26318,26319],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,26320,26321],{"class":1617},"# Safe version with default value\n",[36,26323,26324,26327,26329,26331,26333,26335,26337,26339,26341,26343,26345,26347,26350,26352],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,26325,26326],{"class":42},"country ",[36,26328,47],{"class":46},[36,26330,13280],{"class":42},[36,26332,303],{"class":50},[36,26334,26275],{"class":148},[36,26336,145],{"class":50},[36,26338,88],{"class":87},[36,26340,15293],{"class":91},[36,26342,88],{"class":87},[36,26344,58],{"class":50},[36,26346,99],{"class":87},[36,26348,26349],{"class":91},"Not found",[36,26351,88],{"class":87},[36,26353,152],{"class":50},[36,26355,26356,26358,26360,26362,26364],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,26357,142],{"class":141},[36,26359,145],{"class":50},[36,26361,15293],{"class":148},[36,26363,3703],{"class":50},[36,26365,26366],{"class":1617},"       # Not found\n",[14,26368,495,26369,26372,26373,26376,26377,26379],{},[33,26370,26371],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[33,26374,26375],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[33,26378,19719],{}," when the key might not exist.",[21,26381,3720,26383,3723],{"id":26382},"what-dictpop-does",[33,26384,12600],{},[14,26386,26387,1213],{},[33,26388,12600],{},[246,26390,26391,26394,26397,26400],{},[249,26392,26393],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[249,26395,26396],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[249,26398,26399],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[249,26401,26402],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[14,26404,2257],{},[26,26406,26408],{"className":28,"code":26407,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[33,26409,26410,26450,26454,26477,26481,26495],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,26411,26412,26414,26416,26418,26420,26422,26424,26426,26428,26430,26432,26434,26436,26438,26440,26442,26444,26446,26448],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,26413,11518],{"class":42},[36,26415,47],{"class":46},[36,26417,51],{"class":50},[36,26419,88],{"class":87},[36,26421,1250],{"class":91},[36,26423,88],{"class":87},[36,26425,1213],{"class":50},[36,26427,99],{"class":87},[36,26429,13254],{"class":91},[36,26431,88],{"class":87},[36,26433,58],{"class":50},[36,26435,99],{"class":87},[36,26437,10439],{"class":91},[36,26439,88],{"class":87},[36,26441,1213],{"class":50},[36,26443,99],{"class":87},[36,26445,10446],{"class":91},[36,26447,88],{"class":87},[36,26449,69],{"class":50},[36,26451,26452],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,26453,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,26455,26456,26459,26461,26463,26465,26467,26469,26471,26473,26475],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,26457,26458],{"class":42},"removed_city ",[36,26460,47],{"class":46},[36,26462,11601],{"class":42},[36,26464,303],{"class":50},[36,26466,26275],{"class":148},[36,26468,145],{"class":50},[36,26470,88],{"class":87},[36,26472,10439],{"class":91},[36,26474,88],{"class":87},[36,26476,152],{"class":50},[36,26478,26479],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,26480,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,26482,26483,26485,26487,26490,26492],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,26484,142],{"class":141},[36,26486,145],{"class":50},[36,26488,26489],{"class":148},"removed_city",[36,26491,3703],{"class":50},[36,26493,26494],{"class":1617},"  # Paris\n",[36,26496,26497,26499,26501,26503,26505],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,26498,142],{"class":141},[36,26500,145],{"class":50},[36,26502,11612],{"class":148},[36,26504,3703],{"class":50},[36,26506,26507],{"class":1617},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[14,26509,20803,26510,26513,26514,303],{},[33,26511,26512],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[33,26515,26516],{},"\"Paris\"",[21,26518,2205],{"id":2204},[14,26520,26521],{},"There are two common forms:",[26,26523,26525],{"className":28,"code":26524,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[33,26526,26527,26541],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,26528,26529,26531,26533,26535,26537,26539],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,26530,1747],{"class":42},[36,26532,303],{"class":50},[36,26534,26275],{"class":148},[36,26536,145],{"class":50},[36,26538,14874],{"class":148},[36,26540,152],{"class":50},[36,26542,26543,26545,26547,26549,26551,26553,26555,26558],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,26544,1747],{"class":42},[36,26546,303],{"class":50},[36,26548,26275],{"class":148},[36,26550,145],{"class":50},[36,26552,14874],{"class":148},[36,26554,58],{"class":50},[36,26556,26557],{"class":148}," default",[36,26559,152],{"class":50},[246,26561,26562,26568,26576,26582],{},[249,26563,26564,26567],{},[33,26565,26566],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[249,26569,26570,26572,26573,26575],{},[33,26571,26566],{}," raises ",[33,26574,19719],{}," if the key is missing",[249,26577,26578,26581],{},[33,26579,26580],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[249,26583,26584],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[14,26586,2257],{},[26,26588,26590],{"className":28,"code":26589,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[33,26591,26592,26624,26628,26653,26681],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,26593,26594,26596,26598,26600,26602,26604,26606,26608,26610,26612,26614,26616,26618,26620,26622],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,26595,5103],{"class":42},[36,26597,47],{"class":46},[36,26599,51],{"class":50},[36,26601,88],{"class":87},[36,26603,18448],{"class":91},[36,26605,88],{"class":87},[36,26607,1213],{"class":50},[36,26609,19930],{"class":54},[36,26611,58],{"class":50},[36,26613,99],{"class":87},[36,26615,18457],{"class":91},[36,26617,88],{"class":87},[36,26619,1213],{"class":50},[36,26621,13540],{"class":54},[36,26623,69],{"class":50},[36,26625,26626],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,26627,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,26629,26630,26632,26634,26636,26638,26640,26642,26644,26646,26648,26650],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,26631,142],{"class":141},[36,26633,145],{"class":50},[36,26635,16418],{"class":148},[36,26637,303],{"class":50},[36,26639,26275],{"class":148},[36,26641,145],{"class":50},[36,26643,88],{"class":87},[36,26645,18448],{"class":91},[36,26647,88],{"class":87},[36,26649,5402],{"class":50},[36,26651,26652],{"class":1617},"         # 90\n",[36,26654,26655,26657,26659,26661,26663,26665,26667,26669,26671,26673,26675,26677,26679],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,26656,142],{"class":141},[36,26658,145],{"class":50},[36,26660,16418],{"class":148},[36,26662,303],{"class":50},[36,26664,26275],{"class":148},[36,26666,145],{"class":50},[36,26668,88],{"class":87},[36,26670,18466],{"class":91},[36,26672,88],{"class":87},[36,26674,58],{"class":50},[36,26676,3875],{"class":54},[36,26678,5402],{"class":50},[36,26680,20800],{"class":1617},[36,26682,26683,26685,26687,26689,26691],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,26684,142],{"class":141},[36,26686,145],{"class":50},[36,26688,16418],{"class":148},[36,26690,3703],{"class":50},[36,26692,26693],{"class":1617},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[21,26695,17449],{"id":17448},[14,26697,26698,14086,26700,26702],{},[33,26699,12794],{},[180,26701,870],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[14,26704,26705],{},"Instead, it returns:",[246,26707,26708,26711],{},[249,26709,26710],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[249,26712,26713],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[14,26715,2257],{},[26,26717,26719],{"className":28,"code":26718,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[33,26720,26721,26753,26757,26780,26812,26816,26830,26844],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,26722,26723,26725,26727,26729,26731,26733,26735,26737,26739,26741,26743,26745,26747,26749,26751],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,26724,9200],{"class":42},[36,26726,47],{"class":46},[36,26728,51],{"class":50},[36,26730,88],{"class":87},[36,26732,294],{"class":91},[36,26734,88],{"class":87},[36,26736,1213],{"class":50},[36,26738,6044],{"class":54},[36,26740,58],{"class":50},[36,26742,99],{"class":87},[36,26744,1707],{"class":91},[36,26746,88],{"class":87},[36,26748,1213],{"class":50},[36,26750,636],{"class":54},[36,26752,69],{"class":50},[36,26754,26755],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,26756,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,26758,26759,26762,26764,26766,26768,26770,26772,26774,26776,26778],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,26760,26761],{"class":42},"result1 ",[36,26763,47],{"class":46},[36,26765,14599],{"class":42},[36,26767,303],{"class":50},[36,26769,26275],{"class":148},[36,26771,145],{"class":50},[36,26773,88],{"class":87},[36,26775,294],{"class":91},[36,26777,88],{"class":87},[36,26779,152],{"class":50},[36,26781,26782,26785,26787,26789,26791,26793,26795,26797,26799,26801,26803,26805,26808,26810],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,26783,26784],{"class":42},"result2 ",[36,26786,47],{"class":46},[36,26788,14599],{"class":42},[36,26790,303],{"class":50},[36,26792,26275],{"class":148},[36,26794,145],{"class":50},[36,26796,88],{"class":87},[36,26798,9770],{"class":91},[36,26800,88],{"class":87},[36,26802,58],{"class":50},[36,26804,99],{"class":87},[36,26806,26807],{"class":91},"missing",[36,26809,88],{"class":87},[36,26811,152],{"class":50},[36,26813,26814],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,26815,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,26817,26818,26820,26822,26825,26827],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,26819,142],{"class":141},[36,26821,145],{"class":50},[36,26823,26824],{"class":148},"result1",[36,26826,3703],{"class":50},[36,26828,26829],{"class":1617},"  # 10\n",[36,26831,26832,26834,26836,26839,26841],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,26833,142],{"class":141},[36,26835,145],{"class":50},[36,26837,26838],{"class":148},"result2",[36,26840,3703],{"class":50},[36,26842,26843],{"class":1617},"  # missing\n",[36,26845,26846,26848,26850,26852,26854],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,26847,142],{"class":141},[36,26849,145],{"class":50},[36,26851,9239],{"class":148},[36,26853,3703],{"class":50},[36,26855,26856],{"class":1617},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[14,26858,26859,26860,1524],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[294,26861,26862],{"href":10766},[33,26863,26864],{},"dict.get()",[21,26866,5000,26868],{"id":26867},"when-to-use-pop",[33,26869,12794],{},[14,26871,495,26872,10631],{},[33,26873,12794],{},[246,26875,26876,26879,26882],{},[249,26877,26878],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[249,26880,26881],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[249,26883,26884],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[14,26886,2257],{},[26,26888,26890],{"className":28,"code":26889,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[33,26891,26892,26944,26948,26975,26979,27003,27007,27021,27035],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,26893,26894,26896,26898,26900,26902,26904,26906,26908,26910,26913,26915,26917,26919,26921,26923,26925,26928,26930,26932,26935,26937,26939,26942],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,26895,25157],{"class":42},[36,26897,47],{"class":46},[36,26899,51],{"class":50},[36,26901,88],{"class":87},[36,26903,1250],{"class":91},[36,26905,88],{"class":87},[36,26907,1213],{"class":50},[36,26909,99],{"class":87},[36,26911,26912],{"class":91},"Laptop",[36,26914,88],{"class":87},[36,26916,58],{"class":50},[36,26918,99],{"class":87},[36,26920,25183],{"class":91},[36,26922,88],{"class":87},[36,26924,1213],{"class":50},[36,26926,26927],{"class":54}," 1200",[36,26929,58],{"class":50},[36,26931,99],{"class":87},[36,26933,26934],{"class":91},"discount",[36,26936,88],{"class":87},[36,26938,1213],{"class":50},[36,26940,26941],{"class":54}," 200",[36,26943,69],{"class":50},[36,26945,26946],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,26947,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,26949,26950,26953,26955,26957,26959,26961,26963,26965,26967,26969,26971,26973],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,26951,26952],{"class":42},"discount_amount ",[36,26954,47],{"class":46},[36,26956,25235],{"class":42},[36,26958,303],{"class":50},[36,26960,26275],{"class":148},[36,26962,145],{"class":50},[36,26964,88],{"class":87},[36,26966,26934],{"class":91},[36,26968,88],{"class":87},[36,26970,58],{"class":50},[36,26972,3875],{"class":54},[36,26974,152],{"class":50},[36,26976,26977],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,26978,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,26980,26981,26984,26986,26988,26990,26992,26994,26996,26998,27000],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,26982,26983],{"class":42},"final_price ",[36,26985,47],{"class":46},[36,26987,25235],{"class":42},[36,26989,3941],{"class":50},[36,26991,88],{"class":87},[36,26993,25183],{"class":91},[36,26995,88],{"class":87},[36,26997,13306],{"class":50},[36,26999,2272],{"class":46},[36,27001,27002],{"class":42}," discount_amount\n",[36,27004,27005],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,27006,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,27008,27009,27011,27013,27016,27018],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,27010,142],{"class":141},[36,27012,145],{"class":50},[36,27014,27015],{"class":148},"discount_amount",[36,27017,3703],{"class":50},[36,27019,27020],{"class":1617},"  # 200\n",[36,27022,27023,27025,27027,27030,27032],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,27024,142],{"class":141},[36,27026,145],{"class":50},[36,27028,27029],{"class":148},"final_price",[36,27031,3703],{"class":50},[36,27033,27034],{"class":1617},"      # 1000\n",[36,27036,27037,27039,27041,27044,27046],{"class":38,"line":6471},[36,27038,142],{"class":141},[36,27040,145],{"class":50},[36,27042,27043],{"class":148},"product",[36,27045,3703],{"class":50},[36,27047,27048],{"class":1617},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[14,27050,27051],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[21,27053,27055,10615,27057],{"id":27054},"pop-vs-del",[33,27056,12794],{},[33,27058,27059],{},"del",[14,27061,10620,27062,482,27064,27066],{},[33,27063,12794],{},[33,27065,27059],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[376,27068,495,27070,27072],{"id":27069},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[33,27071,12794],{}," when you need the removed value",[26,27074,27076],{"className":28,"code":27075,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[33,27077,27078,27114,27118,27140,27144,27157],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,27079,27080,27082,27084,27086,27088,27090,27092,27094,27096,27098,27100,27102,27104,27106,27108,27110,27112],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,27081,13237],{"class":42},[36,27083,47],{"class":46},[36,27085,51],{"class":50},[36,27087,88],{"class":87},[36,27089,1250],{"class":91},[36,27091,88],{"class":87},[36,27093,1213],{"class":50},[36,27095,99],{"class":87},[36,27097,12912],{"class":91},[36,27099,88],{"class":87},[36,27101,58],{"class":50},[36,27103,99],{"class":87},[36,27105,9331],{"class":91},[36,27107,88],{"class":87},[36,27109,1213],{"class":50},[36,27111,9338],{"class":54},[36,27113,69],{"class":50},[36,27115,27116],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,27117,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,27119,27120,27122,27124,27126,27128,27130,27132,27134,27136,27138],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,27121,21660],{"class":42},[36,27123,47],{"class":46},[36,27125,13280],{"class":42},[36,27127,303],{"class":50},[36,27129,26275],{"class":148},[36,27131,145],{"class":50},[36,27133,88],{"class":87},[36,27135,9331],{"class":91},[36,27137,88],{"class":87},[36,27139,152],{"class":50},[36,27141,27142],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,27143,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,27145,27146,27148,27150,27152,27154],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,27147,142],{"class":141},[36,27149,145],{"class":50},[36,27151,9331],{"class":148},[36,27153,3703],{"class":50},[36,27155,27156],{"class":1617},"     # 25\n",[36,27158,27159,27161,27163,27165,27167],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,27160,142],{"class":141},[36,27162,145],{"class":50},[36,27164,17337],{"class":148},[36,27166,3703],{"class":50},[36,27168,27169],{"class":1617},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[376,27171,495,27173,27175],{"id":27172},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[33,27174,27059],{}," when you only want deletion",[26,27177,27179],{"className":28,"code":27178,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[33,27180,27181,27217,27221,27237,27241],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,27182,27183,27185,27187,27189,27191,27193,27195,27197,27199,27201,27203,27205,27207,27209,27211,27213,27215],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,27184,13237],{"class":42},[36,27186,47],{"class":46},[36,27188,51],{"class":50},[36,27190,88],{"class":87},[36,27192,1250],{"class":91},[36,27194,88],{"class":87},[36,27196,1213],{"class":50},[36,27198,99],{"class":87},[36,27200,12912],{"class":91},[36,27202,88],{"class":87},[36,27204,58],{"class":50},[36,27206,99],{"class":87},[36,27208,9331],{"class":91},[36,27210,88],{"class":87},[36,27212,1213],{"class":50},[36,27214,9338],{"class":54},[36,27216,69],{"class":50},[36,27218,27219],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,27220,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,27222,27223,27225,27227,27229,27231,27233,27235],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,27224,27059],{"class":3917},[36,27226,13280],{"class":42},[36,27228,3941],{"class":50},[36,27230,88],{"class":87},[36,27232,9331],{"class":91},[36,27234,88],{"class":87},[36,27236,1355],{"class":50},[36,27238,27239],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,27240,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,27242,27243,27245,27247,27249,27251],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,27244,142],{"class":141},[36,27246,145],{"class":50},[36,27248,17337],{"class":148},[36,27250,3703],{"class":50},[36,27252,27169],{"class":1617},[14,27254,27255],{},"Difference:",[246,27257,27258,27263],{},[249,27259,27260,27262],{},[33,27261,12794],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[249,27264,27265,27267],{},[33,27266,27059],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[14,27269,27270,27271,303],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[294,27272,12605],{"href":12604},[21,27274,27276,27277],{"id":27275},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[33,27278,19719],{},[14,27280,27281],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[376,27283,27285],{"id":27284},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[26,27287,27289],{"className":28,"code":27288,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[33,27290,27291,27316,27320,27346,27350,27362],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,27292,27293,27295,27297,27299,27301,27303,27305,27307,27309,27312,27314],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,27294,1686],{"class":42},[36,27296,47],{"class":46},[36,27298,51],{"class":50},[36,27300,88],{"class":87},[36,27302,1250],{"class":91},[36,27304,88],{"class":87},[36,27306,1213],{"class":50},[36,27308,99],{"class":87},[36,27310,27311],{"class":91},"Sara",[36,27313,88],{"class":87},[36,27315,69],{"class":50},[36,27317,27318],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,27319,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,27321,27322,27324,27326,27328,27330,27332,27334,27336,27338,27340,27342,27344],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,27323,1478],{"class":42},[36,27325,47],{"class":46},[36,27327,11796],{"class":42},[36,27329,303],{"class":50},[36,27331,26275],{"class":148},[36,27333,145],{"class":50},[36,27335,88],{"class":87},[36,27337,9331],{"class":91},[36,27339,88],{"class":87},[36,27341,58],{"class":50},[36,27343,3893],{"class":1143},[36,27345,152],{"class":50},[36,27347,27348],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,27349,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,27351,27352,27354,27356,27358,27360],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,27353,142],{"class":141},[36,27355,145],{"class":50},[36,27357,1495],{"class":148},[36,27359,3703],{"class":50},[36,27361,20593],{"class":1617},[36,27363,27364,27366,27368,27370,27372],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,27365,142],{"class":141},[36,27367,145],{"class":50},[36,27369,1747],{"class":148},[36,27371,3703],{"class":50},[36,27373,27374],{"class":1617}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[14,27376,27377],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[376,27379,27381],{"id":27380},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[26,27383,27385],{"className":28,"code":27384,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[33,27386,27387,27411,27415,27431,27454,27464,27471],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,27388,27389,27391,27393,27395,27397,27399,27401,27403,27405,27407,27409],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,27390,1686],{"class":42},[36,27392,47],{"class":46},[36,27394,51],{"class":50},[36,27396,88],{"class":87},[36,27398,1250],{"class":91},[36,27400,88],{"class":87},[36,27402,1213],{"class":50},[36,27404,99],{"class":87},[36,27406,27311],{"class":91},[36,27408,88],{"class":87},[36,27410,69],{"class":50},[36,27412,27413],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,27414,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,27416,27417,27419,27421,27423,27425,27427,27429],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,27418,7037],{"class":3917},[36,27420,99],{"class":87},[36,27422,9331],{"class":91},[36,27424,88],{"class":87},[36,27426,21205],{"class":46},[36,27428,11796],{"class":42},[36,27430,6433],{"class":50},[36,27432,27433,27436,27438,27440,27442,27444,27446,27448,27450,27452],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,27434,27435],{"class":42},"    value ",[36,27437,47],{"class":46},[36,27439,11796],{"class":42},[36,27441,303],{"class":50},[36,27443,26275],{"class":148},[36,27445,145],{"class":50},[36,27447,88],{"class":87},[36,27449,9331],{"class":91},[36,27451,88],{"class":87},[36,27453,152],{"class":50},[36,27455,27456,27458,27460,27462],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,27457,8105],{"class":141},[36,27459,145],{"class":50},[36,27461,1495],{"class":148},[36,27463,152],{"class":50},[36,27465,27466,27469],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,27467,27468],{"class":3917},"else",[36,27470,6433],{"class":50},[36,27472,27473,27475,27477,27479,27482,27484],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,27474,8105],{"class":141},[36,27476,145],{"class":50},[36,27478,88],{"class":87},[36,27480,27481],{"class":91},"Key not found",[36,27483,88],{"class":87},[36,27485,152],{"class":50},[376,27487,27489,27490,27492],{"id":27488},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[33,27491,10770],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[26,27494,27496],{"className":28,"code":27495,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[33,27497,27498,27522,27526,27552,27556,27568],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,27499,27500,27502,27504,27506,27508,27510,27512,27514,27516,27518,27520],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,27501,1686],{"class":42},[36,27503,47],{"class":46},[36,27505,51],{"class":50},[36,27507,88],{"class":87},[36,27509,1250],{"class":91},[36,27511,88],{"class":87},[36,27513,1213],{"class":50},[36,27515,99],{"class":87},[36,27517,27311],{"class":91},[36,27519,88],{"class":87},[36,27521,69],{"class":50},[36,27523,27524],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,27525,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,27527,27528,27530,27532,27534,27536,27538,27540,27542,27544,27546,27548,27550],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,27529,1478],{"class":42},[36,27531,47],{"class":46},[36,27533,11796],{"class":42},[36,27535,303],{"class":50},[36,27537,19782],{"class":148},[36,27539,145],{"class":50},[36,27541,88],{"class":87},[36,27543,9331],{"class":91},[36,27545,88],{"class":87},[36,27547,58],{"class":50},[36,27549,3893],{"class":1143},[36,27551,152],{"class":50},[36,27553,27554],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,27555,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,27557,27558,27560,27562,27564,27566],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,27559,142],{"class":141},[36,27561,145],{"class":50},[36,27563,1495],{"class":148},[36,27565,3703],{"class":50},[36,27567,20593],{"class":1617},[36,27569,27570,27572,27574,27576,27578],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,27571,142],{"class":141},[36,27573,145],{"class":50},[36,27575,1747],{"class":148},[36,27577,3703],{"class":50},[36,27579,27374],{"class":1617},[14,27581,495,27582,27586,27587,303],{},[294,27583,27584],{"href":10766},[33,27585,26864],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[294,27588,11292],{"href":11104},[21,27590,4557],{"id":4556},[14,27592,27593,27594,303],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[33,27595,12600],{},[376,27597,25808,27599,27601],{"id":27598},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[33,27600,12794],{}," removes by position like a list",[14,27603,27604],{},"Lists use indexes:",[26,27606,27608],{"className":28,"code":27607,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[33,27609,27610,27630],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,27611,27612,27614,27616,27618,27620,27622,27624,27626,27628],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,27613,43],{"class":42},[36,27615,47],{"class":46},[36,27617,1333],{"class":50},[36,27619,631],{"class":54},[36,27621,58],{"class":50},[36,27623,636],{"class":54},[36,27625,58],{"class":50},[36,27627,645],{"class":54},[36,27629,1355],{"class":50},[36,27631,27632,27634,27636,27638,27640,27642,27644,27646,27648],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,27633,142],{"class":141},[36,27635,145],{"class":50},[36,27637,149],{"class":148},[36,27639,303],{"class":50},[36,27641,26275],{"class":148},[36,27643,145],{"class":50},[36,27645,55],{"class":54},[36,27647,5402],{"class":50},[36,27649,27650],{"class":1617},"  # 20\n",[14,27652,27653],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[26,27655,27657],{"className":28,"code":27656,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[33,27658,27659,27695],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,27660,27661,27663,27665,27667,27669,27671,27673,27675,27677,27679,27681,27683,27685,27687,27689,27691,27693],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,27662,13237],{"class":42},[36,27664,47],{"class":46},[36,27666,51],{"class":50},[36,27668,88],{"class":87},[36,27670,1250],{"class":91},[36,27672,88],{"class":87},[36,27674,1213],{"class":50},[36,27676,99],{"class":87},[36,27678,12912],{"class":91},[36,27680,88],{"class":87},[36,27682,58],{"class":50},[36,27684,99],{"class":87},[36,27686,9331],{"class":91},[36,27688,88],{"class":87},[36,27690,1213],{"class":50},[36,27692,9338],{"class":54},[36,27694,69],{"class":50},[36,27696,27697,27699,27701,27703,27705,27707,27709,27711,27713,27715,27717],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,27698,142],{"class":141},[36,27700,145],{"class":50},[36,27702,17337],{"class":148},[36,27704,303],{"class":50},[36,27706,26275],{"class":148},[36,27708,145],{"class":50},[36,27710,88],{"class":87},[36,27712,9331],{"class":91},[36,27714,88],{"class":87},[36,27716,5402],{"class":50},[36,27718,27719],{"class":1617},"  # 25\n",[14,27721,27722,27723,27725,27726,27728],{},"A dictionary does ",[180,27724,870],{}," use positions with ",[33,27727,12794],{},". It uses keys.",[376,27730,4743,27732,27734],{"id":27731},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[33,27733,12794],{}," changes the original dictionary",[26,27736,27738],{"className":28,"code":27737,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[33,27739,27740,27772,27776,27798,27802,27815],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,27741,27742,27744,27746,27748,27750,27752,27754,27756,27758,27760,27762,27764,27766,27768,27770],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,27743,9200],{"class":42},[36,27745,47],{"class":46},[36,27747,51],{"class":50},[36,27749,88],{"class":87},[36,27751,2222],{"class":91},[36,27753,88],{"class":87},[36,27755,1213],{"class":50},[36,27757,1340],{"class":54},[36,27759,58],{"class":50},[36,27761,99],{"class":87},[36,27763,11775],{"class":91},[36,27765,88],{"class":87},[36,27767,1213],{"class":50},[36,27769,61],{"class":54},[36,27771,69],{"class":50},[36,27773,27774],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,27775,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,27777,27778,27780,27782,27784,27786,27788,27790,27792,27794,27796],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,27779,1478],{"class":42},[36,27781,47],{"class":46},[36,27783,14599],{"class":42},[36,27785,303],{"class":50},[36,27787,26275],{"class":148},[36,27789,145],{"class":50},[36,27791,88],{"class":87},[36,27793,2222],{"class":91},[36,27795,88],{"class":87},[36,27797,152],{"class":50},[36,27799,27800],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,27801,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,27803,27804,27806,27808,27810,27812],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,27805,142],{"class":141},[36,27807,145],{"class":50},[36,27809,1495],{"class":148},[36,27811,3703],{"class":50},[36,27813,27814],{"class":1617},"  # 1\n",[36,27816,27817,27819,27821,27823,27825],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,27818,142],{"class":141},[36,27820,145],{"class":50},[36,27822,9239],{"class":148},[36,27824,3703],{"class":50},[36,27826,27827],{"class":1617},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[14,27829,27830,27831,27833],{},"After ",[33,27832,12794],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[376,27835,1462,27837,27839],{"id":27836},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[33,27838,12794],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[26,27841,27843],{"className":28,"code":27842,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[33,27844,27845,27869,27873,27878],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,27846,27847,27849,27851,27853,27855,27857,27859,27861,27863,27865,27867],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,27848,9200],{"class":42},[36,27850,47],{"class":46},[36,27852,51],{"class":50},[36,27854,88],{"class":87},[36,27856,1250],{"class":91},[36,27858,88],{"class":87},[36,27860,1213],{"class":50},[36,27862,99],{"class":87},[36,27864,7957],{"class":91},[36,27866,88],{"class":87},[36,27868,69],{"class":50},[36,27870,27871],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,27872,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,27874,27875],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,27876,27877],{"class":1617},"# This causes an error\n",[36,27879,27880],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,27881,27882],{"class":1617},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[14,27884,27885],{},"Safer version:",[26,27887,27889],{"className":28,"code":27888,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[33,27890,27891,27915,27919],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,27892,27893,27895,27897,27899,27901,27903,27905,27907,27909,27911,27913],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,27894,9200],{"class":42},[36,27896,47],{"class":46},[36,27898,51],{"class":50},[36,27900,88],{"class":87},[36,27902,1250],{"class":91},[36,27904,88],{"class":87},[36,27906,1213],{"class":50},[36,27908,99],{"class":87},[36,27910,7957],{"class":91},[36,27912,88],{"class":87},[36,27914,69],{"class":50},[36,27916,27917],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,27918,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,27920,27921,27923,27925,27927,27929,27931,27933,27935,27937,27939,27941,27943,27945,27947,27949],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,27922,142],{"class":141},[36,27924,145],{"class":50},[36,27926,9239],{"class":148},[36,27928,303],{"class":50},[36,27930,26275],{"class":148},[36,27932,145],{"class":50},[36,27934,88],{"class":87},[36,27936,9331],{"class":91},[36,27938,88],{"class":87},[36,27940,58],{"class":50},[36,27942,99],{"class":87},[36,27944,26807],{"class":91},[36,27946,88],{"class":87},[36,27948,5402],{"class":50},[36,27950,26843],{"class":1617},[376,27952,8489,27954,27956],{"id":27953},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[33,27955,12794],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[26,27958,27960],{"className":28,"code":27959,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[33,27961,27962,27994,27998,28020,28024,28036],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,27963,27964,27966,27968,27970,27972,27974,27976,27978,27980,27982,27984,27986,27988,27990,27992],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,27965,9200],{"class":42},[36,27967,47],{"class":46},[36,27969,51],{"class":50},[36,27971,88],{"class":87},[36,27973,294],{"class":91},[36,27975,88],{"class":87},[36,27977,1213],{"class":50},[36,27979,1340],{"class":54},[36,27981,58],{"class":50},[36,27983,99],{"class":87},[36,27985,1707],{"class":91},[36,27987,88],{"class":87},[36,27989,1213],{"class":50},[36,27991,61],{"class":54},[36,27993,69],{"class":50},[36,27995,27996],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,27997,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,27999,28000,28002,28004,28006,28008,28010,28012,28014,28016,28018],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,28001,2280],{"class":42},[36,28003,47],{"class":46},[36,28005,14599],{"class":42},[36,28007,303],{"class":50},[36,28009,26275],{"class":148},[36,28011,145],{"class":50},[36,28013,88],{"class":87},[36,28015,294],{"class":91},[36,28017,88],{"class":87},[36,28019,152],{"class":50},[36,28021,28022],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,28023,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,28025,28026,28028,28030,28032,28034],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,28027,142],{"class":141},[36,28029,145],{"class":50},[36,28031,2315],{"class":148},[36,28033,3703],{"class":50},[36,28035,27814],{"class":1617},[36,28037,28038,28040,28042,28044,28046],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,28039,142],{"class":141},[36,28041,145],{"class":50},[36,28043,9239],{"class":148},[36,28045,3703],{"class":50},[36,28047,28048],{"class":1617},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[14,28050,28051],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[21,28053,28055],{"id":28054},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[14,28057,28058,28059,28061],{},"Problems with ",[33,28060,12600],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[246,28063,28064,28067,28076,28079],{},[249,28065,28066],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[249,28068,28069,28070,28073,28074],{},"Mixing up list ",[33,28071,28072],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[33,28075,26371],{},[249,28077,28078],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[249,28080,28081,28082,11122,28084],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[33,28083,55],{},[33,28085,28086],{},"\"1\"",[14,28088,28089],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[26,28091,28093],{"className":28,"code":28092,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[33,28094,28095,28119,28123,28153],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,28096,28097,28099,28101,28103,28105,28107,28109,28111,28113,28115,28117],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,28098,9200],{"class":42},[36,28100,47],{"class":46},[36,28102,51],{"class":50},[36,28104,88],{"class":87},[36,28106,55],{"class":91},[36,28108,88],{"class":87},[36,28110,1213],{"class":50},[36,28112,99],{"class":87},[36,28114,6625],{"class":91},[36,28116,88],{"class":87},[36,28118,69],{"class":50},[36,28120,28121],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,28122,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,28124,28125,28127,28129,28131,28133,28135,28137,28139,28141,28143,28146,28148,28150],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,28126,142],{"class":141},[36,28128,145],{"class":50},[36,28130,9239],{"class":148},[36,28132,303],{"class":50},[36,28134,26275],{"class":148},[36,28136,145],{"class":50},[36,28138,55],{"class":54},[36,28140,58],{"class":50},[36,28142,99],{"class":87},[36,28144,28145],{"class":91},"not found",[36,28147,88],{"class":87},[36,28149,5402],{"class":50},[36,28151,28152],{"class":1617},"    # not found\n",[36,28154,28155,28157,28159,28161,28163,28165,28167,28169,28171,28173,28175,28177,28179,28181,28183],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,28156,142],{"class":141},[36,28158,145],{"class":50},[36,28160,9239],{"class":148},[36,28162,303],{"class":50},[36,28164,26275],{"class":148},[36,28166,145],{"class":50},[36,28168,88],{"class":87},[36,28170,55],{"class":91},[36,28172,88],{"class":87},[36,28174,58],{"class":50},[36,28176,99],{"class":87},[36,28178,28145],{"class":91},[36,28180,88],{"class":87},[36,28182,5402],{"class":50},[36,28184,28185],{"class":1617},"  # one\n",[14,28187,28188,482,28190,28192],{},[33,28189,55],{},[33,28191,28086],{}," are different keys.",[21,28194,8906],{"id":8905},[14,28196,8909,28197,28199],{},[33,28198,12794],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[26,28201,28203],{"className":28,"code":28202,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[33,28204,28205,28215,28229,28247,28277],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,28206,28207,28209,28211,28213],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,28208,142],{"class":141},[36,28210,145],{"class":50},[36,28212,1747],{"class":148},[36,28214,152],{"class":50},[36,28216,28217,28219,28221,28223,28225,28227],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,28218,142],{"class":141},[36,28220,145],{"class":50},[36,28222,1747],{"class":148},[36,28224,303],{"class":50},[36,28226,16953],{"class":148},[36,28228,1847],{"class":50},[36,28230,28231,28233,28235,28237,28239,28241,28243,28245],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,28232,142],{"class":141},[36,28234,145],{"class":50},[36,28236,211],{"class":87},[36,28238,1250],{"class":91},[36,28240,211],{"class":87},[36,28242,21205],{"class":3917},[36,28244,11796],{"class":148},[36,28246,152],{"class":50},[36,28248,28249,28251,28253,28255,28257,28259,28261,28263,28265,28267,28269,28271,28273,28275],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,28250,142],{"class":141},[36,28252,145],{"class":50},[36,28254,1747],{"class":148},[36,28256,303],{"class":50},[36,28258,26275],{"class":148},[36,28260,145],{"class":50},[36,28262,211],{"class":87},[36,28264,1250],{"class":91},[36,28266,211],{"class":87},[36,28268,58],{"class":50},[36,28270,220],{"class":87},[36,28272,26807],{"class":91},[36,28274,211],{"class":87},[36,28276,445],{"class":50},[36,28278,28279,28281,28283,28285,28287,28289],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,28280,142],{"class":141},[36,28282,145],{"class":50},[36,28284,818],{"class":80},[36,28286,145],{"class":50},[36,28288,1747],{"class":148},[36,28290,445],{"class":50},[14,28292,21368],{},[246,28294,28295,28300,28305,28310,28316],{},[249,28296,28297,28299],{},[33,28298,12710],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[249,28301,28302,28304],{},[33,28303,21380],{}," shows all available keys",[249,28306,28307,28309],{},[33,28308,21386],{}," checks whether a key exists",[249,28311,28312,28315],{},[33,28313,28314],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[249,28317,28318,28320],{},[33,28319,12716],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[14,28322,28323,28324,303],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[294,28325,9423],{"href":9422},[21,28327,1872],{"id":1871},[376,28329,28331,28332,28334],{"id":28330},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[33,28333,12794],{}," return the key or the value?",[14,28336,28337],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[376,28339,28341],{"id":28340},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[14,28343,28344,26572,28346,28348,28349,28351],{},[33,28345,26371],{},[33,28347,19719],{},". ",[33,28350,26375],{}," returns the default value instead.",[376,28353,12735,28355,14929],{"id":28354},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[33,28356,12794],{},[14,28358,28359],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[376,28361,28363,28364,28366],{"id":28362},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[33,28365,12794],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[14,28368,28369,28370,28372,28373,303],{},"Not with ",[33,28371,12600],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[294,28374,28375],{"href":12611},[33,28376,12801],{},[376,28378,5220,28380,482,28382,2541],{"id":28379},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[33,28381,10770],{},[33,28383,12794],{},[14,28385,28386,28388,28389,28391],{},[33,28387,10770],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[33,28390,12794],{}," reads and removes it.",[21,28393,1923],{"id":1922},[246,28395,28396,28402,28409,28413,28417,28421],{},[249,28397,28398],{},[294,28399,28400],{"href":10766},[33,28401,19700],{},[249,28403,28404],{},[294,28405,28406],{"href":12611},[33,28407,28408],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[249,28410,28411],{},[294,28412,12818],{"href":12604},[249,28414,28415],{},[294,28416,21489],{"href":16626},[249,28418,28419],{},[294,28420,11292],{"href":11104},[249,28422,28423],{},[294,28424,28426],{"href":28425},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1962,28428,28429],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":28431},[28432,28433,28435,28436,28437,28439,28446,28453,28463,28464,28465,28476],{"id":23,"depth":72,"text":24},{"id":26382,"depth":72,"text":28434},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":17448,"depth":72,"text":17449},{"id":26867,"depth":72,"text":28438},"When to use pop()",{"id":27054,"depth":72,"text":28440,"children":28441},"pop() vs del",[28442,28444],{"id":27069,"depth":118,"text":28443},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27172,"depth":118,"text":28445},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27275,"depth":72,"text":28447,"children":28448},"How to avoid KeyError",[28449,28450,28451],{"id":27284,"depth":118,"text":27285},{"id":27380,"depth":118,"text":27381},{"id":27488,"depth":118,"text":28452},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4556,"depth":72,"text":4557,"children":28454},[28455,28457,28459,28461],{"id":27598,"depth":118,"text":28456},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27731,"depth":118,"text":28458},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27836,"depth":118,"text":28460},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27953,"depth":118,"text":28462},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28054,"depth":72,"text":28055},{"id":8905,"depth":72,"text":8906},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":28466},[28467,28469,28470,28472,28474],{"id":28330,"depth":118,"text":28468},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28340,"depth":118,"text":28341},{"id":28354,"depth":118,"text":28471},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28362,"depth":118,"text":28473},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28379,"depth":118,"text":28475},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26203,"description":28477},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28484,"title":28408,"body":28485,"description":30423,"extension":2009,"meta":30424,"navigation":134,"path":30425,"seo":30426,"stem":30427,"__hash__":30428},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28486,"toc":30387},[28487,28492,28497,28500,28508,28518,28520,28609,28613,28662,28667,28672,28676,28692,28695,28697,28712,28714,28730,28737,28741,28747,28756,28758,28827,28831,28852,28855,28874,28877,28900,28902,28905,29020,29024,29083,29090,29094,29100,29225,29229,29279,29282,29286,29293,29295,29358,29362,29383,29386,29395,29410,29418,29425,29429,29441,29445,29456,29458,29604,29608,29667,29674,29679,29683,29689,29712,29717,29735,29739,29810,29817,29890,29899,29904,29909,29920,29923,30060,30064,30096,30101,30103,30107,30167,30170,30227,30230,30273,30275,30280,30286,30292,30295,30302,30310,30315,30318,30325,30333,30335,30384],[10,28488,11348,28490,11352],{"id":28489},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[33,28491,12801],{},[14,28493,2026,28494,28496],{},[33,28495,12801],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[14,28498,28499],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[246,28501,28502,28505],{},[249,28503,28504],{},"remove an item",[249,28506,28507],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[14,28509,28510,28511,28513,28514,28517],{},"In modern Python, ",[33,28512,12801],{}," removes the ",[180,28515,28516],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[21,28519,2051],{"id":2050},[26,28521,28523],{"className":28,"code":28522,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[33,28524,28525,28569,28585,28589,28599],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,28526,28527,28529,28531,28533,28535,28537,28539,28541,28543,28545,28547,28549,28551,28553,28555,28557,28559,28561,28563,28565,28567],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,28528,9200],{"class":42},[36,28530,47],{"class":46},[36,28532,51],{"class":50},[36,28534,88],{"class":87},[36,28536,294],{"class":91},[36,28538,88],{"class":87},[36,28540,1213],{"class":50},[36,28542,1340],{"class":54},[36,28544,58],{"class":50},[36,28546,99],{"class":87},[36,28548,1707],{"class":91},[36,28550,88],{"class":87},[36,28552,1213],{"class":50},[36,28554,61],{"class":54},[36,28556,58],{"class":50},[36,28558,99],{"class":87},[36,28560,9770],{"class":91},[36,28562,88],{"class":87},[36,28564,1213],{"class":50},[36,28566,66],{"class":54},[36,28568,69],{"class":50},[36,28570,28571,28574,28576,28578,28580,28583],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,28572,28573],{"class":42},"item ",[36,28575,47],{"class":46},[36,28577,14599],{"class":42},[36,28579,303],{"class":50},[36,28581,28582],{"class":148},"popitem",[36,28584,128],{"class":50},[36,28586,28587],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,28588,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,28590,28591,28593,28595,28597],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,28592,142],{"class":141},[36,28594,145],{"class":50},[36,28596,23343],{"class":148},[36,28598,152],{"class":50},[36,28600,28601,28603,28605,28607],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,28602,142],{"class":141},[36,28604,145],{"class":50},[36,28606,9239],{"class":148},[36,28608,152],{"class":50},[14,28610,28611],{},[180,28612,182],{},[26,28614,28616],{"className":28,"code":28615,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[33,28617,28618,28634],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,28619,28620,28622,28624,28626,28628,28630,28632],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,28621,145],{"class":50},[36,28623,211],{"class":87},[36,28625,9770],{"class":91},[36,28627,211],{"class":87},[36,28629,58],{"class":50},[36,28631,66],{"class":54},[36,28633,152],{"class":50},[36,28635,28636,28638,28640,28642,28644,28646,28648,28650,28652,28654,28656,28658,28660],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,28637,192],{"class":50},[36,28639,211],{"class":87},[36,28641,294],{"class":91},[36,28643,211],{"class":87},[36,28645,1213],{"class":50},[36,28647,1340],{"class":54},[36,28649,58],{"class":50},[36,28651,220],{"class":87},[36,28653,1707],{"class":91},[36,28655,211],{"class":87},[36,28657,1213],{"class":50},[36,28659,61],{"class":54},[36,28661,69],{"class":50},[14,28663,28664,28666],{},[33,28665,12801],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[21,28668,3720,28670,3723],{"id":28669},"what-popitem-does",[33,28671,12801],{},[14,28673,28674,1213],{},[33,28675,12801],{},[246,28677,28678,28681,28686,28689],{},[249,28679,28680],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[249,28682,28683,28684],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[33,28685,21687],{},[249,28687,28688],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[249,28690,28691],{},"changes the original dictionary",[14,28693,28694],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[21,28696,2205],{"id":2204},[26,28698,28700],{"className":28,"code":28699,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[33,28701,28702],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,28703,28704,28706,28708,28710],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,28705,15636],{"class":42},[36,28707,303],{"class":50},[36,28709,28582],{"class":148},[36,28711,128],{"class":50},[14,28713,11488],{},[246,28715,28716,28724,28727],{},[249,28717,28718,28720,28721],{},[33,28719,12801],{}," takes ",[180,28722,28723],{},"no arguments",[249,28725,28726],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[249,28728,28729],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[14,28731,28732,28733,1524],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[294,28734,28735],{"href":12597},[33,28736,12794],{},[21,28738,28740],{"id":28739},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[14,28742,28743,28744,28746],{},"The value returned by ",[33,28745,12801],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28748,28749,28750,28753],"ol",{},[249,28751,28752],{},"the key",[249,28754,28755],{},"the value",[14,28757,2257],{},[26,28759,28761],{"className":28,"code":28760,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,28762,28763,28799,28813,28817],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,28764,28765,28767,28769,28771,28773,28775,28777,28779,28781,28783,28785,28787,28789,28791,28793,28795,28797],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,28766,13237],{"class":42},[36,28768,47],{"class":46},[36,28770,51],{"class":50},[36,28772,88],{"class":87},[36,28774,1250],{"class":91},[36,28776,88],{"class":87},[36,28778,1213],{"class":50},[36,28780,99],{"class":87},[36,28782,5043],{"class":91},[36,28784,88],{"class":87},[36,28786,58],{"class":50},[36,28788,99],{"class":87},[36,28790,9331],{"class":91},[36,28792,88],{"class":87},[36,28794,1213],{"class":50},[36,28796,9338],{"class":54},[36,28798,69],{"class":50},[36,28800,28801,28803,28805,28807,28809,28811],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,28802,2280],{"class":42},[36,28804,47],{"class":46},[36,28806,13280],{"class":42},[36,28808,303],{"class":50},[36,28810,28582],{"class":148},[36,28812,128],{"class":50},[36,28814,28815],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,28816,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,28818,28819,28821,28823,28825],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,28820,142],{"class":141},[36,28822,145],{"class":50},[36,28824,2315],{"class":148},[36,28826,152],{"class":50},[14,28828,28829],{},[180,28830,182],{},[26,28832,28834],{"className":28,"code":28833,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"('age', 25)\n",[33,28835,28836],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,28837,28838,28840,28842,28844,28846,28848,28850],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,28839,145],{"class":50},[36,28841,211],{"class":87},[36,28843,9331],{"class":91},[36,28845,211],{"class":87},[36,28847,58],{"class":50},[36,28849,9338],{"class":54},[36,28851,152],{"class":50},[14,28853,28854],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[26,28856,28858],{"className":28,"code":28857,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"result = person.popitem()\n",[33,28859,28860],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,28861,28862,28864,28866,28868,28870,28872],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,28863,2280],{"class":42},[36,28865,47],{"class":46},[36,28867,13280],{"class":42},[36,28869,303],{"class":50},[36,28871,28582],{"class":148},[36,28873,128],{"class":50},[14,28875,28876],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[26,28878,28880],{"className":28,"code":28879,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[33,28881,28882],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,28883,28884,28886,28888,28890,28892,28894,28896,28898],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,28885,14874],{"class":42},[36,28887,58],{"class":50},[36,28889,21616],{"class":42},[36,28891,47],{"class":46},[36,28893,13280],{"class":42},[36,28895,303],{"class":50},[36,28897,28582],{"class":148},[36,28899,128],{"class":50},[21,28901,11505],{"id":11504},[14,28903,28904],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[26,28906,28908],{"className":28,"code":28907,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[33,28909,28910,28958,28962,28977,28981,29001],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,28911,28912,28914,28916,28918,28920,28923,28925,28927,28929,28931,28933,28935,28937,28939,28942,28944,28946,28949,28951,28953,28956],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,28913,5103],{"class":42},[36,28915,47],{"class":46},[36,28917,51],{"class":50},[36,28919,88],{"class":87},[36,28921,28922],{"class":91},"Tom",[36,28924,88],{"class":87},[36,28926,1213],{"class":50},[36,28928,5115],{"class":54},[36,28930,58],{"class":50},[36,28932,99],{"class":87},[36,28934,12912],{"class":91},[36,28936,88],{"class":87},[36,28938,1213],{"class":50},[36,28940,28941],{"class":54}," 95",[36,28943,58],{"class":50},[36,28945,99],{"class":87},[36,28947,28948],{"class":91},"Leo",[36,28950,88],{"class":87},[36,28952,1213],{"class":50},[36,28954,28955],{"class":54}," 88",[36,28957,69],{"class":50},[36,28959,28960],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,28961,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,28963,28964,28967,28969,28971,28973,28975],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,28965,28966],{"class":42},"removed_pair ",[36,28968,47],{"class":46},[36,28970,5150],{"class":42},[36,28972,303],{"class":50},[36,28974,28582],{"class":148},[36,28976,128],{"class":50},[36,28978,28979],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,28980,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,28982,28983,28985,28987,28989,28992,28994,28996,28999],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,28984,142],{"class":141},[36,28986,145],{"class":50},[36,28988,88],{"class":87},[36,28990,28991],{"class":91},"Removed:",[36,28993,88],{"class":87},[36,28995,58],{"class":50},[36,28997,28998],{"class":148}," removed_pair",[36,29000,152],{"class":50},[36,29002,29003,29005,29007,29009,29012,29014,29016,29018],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,29004,142],{"class":141},[36,29006,145],{"class":50},[36,29008,88],{"class":87},[36,29010,29011],{"class":91},"After removal:",[36,29013,88],{"class":87},[36,29015,58],{"class":50},[36,29017,5150],{"class":148},[36,29019,152],{"class":50},[14,29021,29022],{},[180,29023,182],{},[26,29025,29027],{"className":28,"code":29026,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[33,29028,29029,29050],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,29030,29031,29034,29036,29038,29040,29042,29044,29046,29048],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,29032,29033],{"class":42},"Removed",[36,29035,1213],{"class":50},[36,29037,1131],{"class":50},[36,29039,211],{"class":87},[36,29041,28948],{"class":91},[36,29043,211],{"class":87},[36,29045,58],{"class":50},[36,29047,28955],{"class":54},[36,29049,152],{"class":50},[36,29051,29052,29055,29057,29059,29061,29063,29065,29067,29069,29071,29073,29075,29077,29079,29081],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,29053,29054],{"class":42},"After removal",[36,29056,1213],{"class":50},[36,29058,51],{"class":50},[36,29060,211],{"class":87},[36,29062,28922],{"class":91},[36,29064,211],{"class":87},[36,29066,1213],{"class":50},[36,29068,5115],{"class":54},[36,29070,58],{"class":50},[36,29072,220],{"class":87},[36,29074,12912],{"class":91},[36,29076,211],{"class":87},[36,29078,1213],{"class":50},[36,29080,28941],{"class":54},[36,29082,69],{"class":50},[14,29084,29085,29086,29089],{},"The last inserted item was ",[33,29087,29088],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[21,29091,29093],{"id":29092},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[14,29095,29096,29097,29099],{},"Because ",[33,29098,12801],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[26,29101,29103],{"className":28,"code":29102,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[33,29104,29105,29141,29145,29164,29168,29187,29206],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,29106,29107,29109,29111,29113,29115,29117,29119,29121,29123,29125,29127,29129,29131,29133,29135,29137,29139],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,29108,15479],{"class":42},[36,29110,47],{"class":46},[36,29112,51],{"class":50},[36,29114,88],{"class":87},[36,29116,15490],{"class":91},[36,29118,88],{"class":87},[36,29120,1213],{"class":50},[36,29122,99],{"class":87},[36,29124,15499],{"class":91},[36,29126,88],{"class":87},[36,29128,58],{"class":50},[36,29130,99],{"class":87},[36,29132,15510],{"class":91},[36,29134,88],{"class":87},[36,29136,1213],{"class":50},[36,29138,26941],{"class":54},[36,29140,69],{"class":50},[36,29142,29143],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,29144,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,29146,29147,29149,29151,29153,29155,29158,29160,29162],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,29148,14874],{"class":42},[36,29150,58],{"class":50},[36,29152,21616],{"class":42},[36,29154,47],{"class":46},[36,29156,29157],{"class":42}," book",[36,29159,303],{"class":50},[36,29161,28582],{"class":148},[36,29163,128],{"class":50},[36,29165,29166],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,29167,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,29169,29170,29172,29174,29176,29179,29181,29183,29185],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,29171,142],{"class":141},[36,29173,145],{"class":50},[36,29175,88],{"class":87},[36,29177,29178],{"class":91},"Key:",[36,29180,88],{"class":87},[36,29182,58],{"class":50},[36,29184,21611],{"class":148},[36,29186,152],{"class":50},[36,29188,29189,29191,29193,29195,29198,29200,29202,29204],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,29190,142],{"class":141},[36,29192,145],{"class":50},[36,29194,88],{"class":87},[36,29196,29197],{"class":91},"Value:",[36,29199,88],{"class":87},[36,29201,58],{"class":50},[36,29203,8469],{"class":148},[36,29205,152],{"class":50},[36,29207,29208,29210,29212,29214,29217,29219,29221,29223],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,29209,142],{"class":141},[36,29211,145],{"class":50},[36,29213,88],{"class":87},[36,29215,29216],{"class":91},"Dictionary:",[36,29218,88],{"class":87},[36,29220,58],{"class":50},[36,29222,29157],{"class":148},[36,29224,152],{"class":50},[14,29226,29227],{},[180,29228,182],{},[26,29230,29232],{"className":28,"code":29231,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[33,29233,29234,29244,29254],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,29235,29236,29239,29241],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,29237,29238],{"class":42},"Key",[36,29240,1213],{"class":50},[36,29242,29243],{"class":42}," pages\n",[36,29245,29246,29249,29251],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,29247,29248],{"class":42},"Value",[36,29250,1213],{"class":50},[36,29252,29253],{"class":54}," 200\n",[36,29255,29256,29259,29261,29263,29265,29267,29269,29271,29273,29275,29277],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,29257,29258],{"class":42},"Dictionary",[36,29260,1213],{"class":50},[36,29262,51],{"class":50},[36,29264,211],{"class":87},[36,29266,15490],{"class":91},[36,29268,211],{"class":87},[36,29270,1213],{"class":50},[36,29272,220],{"class":87},[36,29274,15499],{"class":91},[36,29276,211],{"class":87},[36,29278,69],{"class":50},[14,29280,29281],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[21,29283,29285],{"id":29284},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[14,29287,29288,29289,28513,29291,303],{},"In current Python versions, ",[33,29290,12801],{},[180,29292,28516],{},[14,29294,2257],{},[26,29296,29298],{"className":28,"code":29297,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[33,29299,29300,29344],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,29301,29302,29304,29306,29308,29310,29312,29314,29316,29318,29320,29322,29324,29326,29328,29330,29332,29334,29336,29338,29340,29342],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,29303,9200],{"class":42},[36,29305,47],{"class":46},[36,29307,51],{"class":50},[36,29309,88],{"class":87},[36,29311,2222],{"class":91},[36,29313,88],{"class":87},[36,29315,1213],{"class":50},[36,29317,1340],{"class":54},[36,29319,58],{"class":50},[36,29321,99],{"class":87},[36,29323,11775],{"class":91},[36,29325,88],{"class":87},[36,29327,1213],{"class":50},[36,29329,61],{"class":54},[36,29331,58],{"class":50},[36,29333,99],{"class":87},[36,29335,22109],{"class":91},[36,29337,88],{"class":87},[36,29339,1213],{"class":50},[36,29341,66],{"class":54},[36,29343,69],{"class":50},[36,29345,29346,29348,29350,29352,29354,29356],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,29347,142],{"class":141},[36,29349,145],{"class":50},[36,29351,9239],{"class":148},[36,29353,303],{"class":50},[36,29355,28582],{"class":148},[36,29357,1847],{"class":50},[14,29359,29360],{},[180,29361,182],{},[26,29363,29365],{"className":28,"code":29364,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"('z', 3)\n",[33,29366,29367],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,29368,29369,29371,29373,29375,29377,29379,29381],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,29370,145],{"class":50},[36,29372,211],{"class":87},[36,29374,22109],{"class":91},[36,29376,211],{"class":87},[36,29378,58],{"class":50},[36,29380,66],{"class":54},[36,29382,152],{"class":50},[14,29384,29385],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[14,29387,29388,29389,29391,29392,29394],{},"As a beginner, do ",[180,29390,870],{}," think of ",[33,29393,12801],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[14,29396,29397,29398,2238,29402,17102,29406,303],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[294,29399,29400],{"href":17105},[33,29401,17108],{},[294,29403,29404],{"href":17092},[33,29405,17095],{},[294,29407,29408],{"href":17098},[33,29409,17101],{},[21,29411,29413,29414,482,29416],{"id":29412},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[33,29415,12801],{},[33,29417,12794],{},[14,29419,29420,482,29422,29424],{},[33,29421,12801],{},[33,29423,12794],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[376,29426,29427],{"id":28582},[33,29428,12801],{},[246,29430,29431,29434,29437],{},[249,29432,29433],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[249,29435,29436],{},"does not need a key argument",[249,29438,3735,29439],{},[33,29440,21687],{},[376,29442,29443],{"id":26275},[33,29444,12794],{},[246,29446,29447,29450,29453],{},[249,29448,29449],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[249,29451,29452],{},"needs the key name",[249,29454,29455],{},"returns only the value",[14,29457,2257],{},[26,29459,29461],{"className":28,"code":29460,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[33,29462,29463,29507,29511,29525,29545,29549,29571,29590,29594],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,29464,29465,29467,29469,29471,29473,29475,29477,29479,29481,29483,29485,29487,29489,29491,29493,29495,29497,29499,29501,29503,29505],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,29466,9200],{"class":42},[36,29468,47],{"class":46},[36,29470,51],{"class":50},[36,29472,88],{"class":87},[36,29474,294],{"class":91},[36,29476,88],{"class":87},[36,29478,1213],{"class":50},[36,29480,1340],{"class":54},[36,29482,58],{"class":50},[36,29484,99],{"class":87},[36,29486,1707],{"class":91},[36,29488,88],{"class":87},[36,29490,1213],{"class":50},[36,29492,61],{"class":54},[36,29494,58],{"class":50},[36,29496,99],{"class":87},[36,29498,9770],{"class":91},[36,29500,88],{"class":87},[36,29502,1213],{"class":50},[36,29504,66],{"class":54},[36,29506,69],{"class":50},[36,29508,29509],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,29510,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,29512,29513,29515,29517,29519,29521,29523],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,29514,28573],{"class":42},[36,29516,47],{"class":46},[36,29518,14599],{"class":42},[36,29520,303],{"class":50},[36,29522,28582],{"class":148},[36,29524,128],{"class":50},[36,29526,29527,29529,29531,29533,29536,29538,29540,29543],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,29528,142],{"class":141},[36,29530,145],{"class":50},[36,29532,88],{"class":87},[36,29534,29535],{"class":91},"popitem():",[36,29537,88],{"class":87},[36,29539,58],{"class":50},[36,29541,29542],{"class":148}," item",[36,29544,152],{"class":50},[36,29546,29547],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,29548,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,29550,29551,29553,29555,29557,29559,29561,29563,29565,29567,29569],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,29552,1478],{"class":42},[36,29554,47],{"class":46},[36,29556,14599],{"class":42},[36,29558,303],{"class":50},[36,29560,26275],{"class":148},[36,29562,145],{"class":50},[36,29564,88],{"class":87},[36,29566,294],{"class":91},[36,29568,88],{"class":87},[36,29570,152],{"class":50},[36,29572,29573,29575,29577,29579,29582,29584,29586,29588],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,29574,142],{"class":141},[36,29576,145],{"class":50},[36,29578,88],{"class":87},[36,29580,29581],{"class":91},"pop('a'):",[36,29583,88],{"class":87},[36,29585,58],{"class":50},[36,29587,8469],{"class":148},[36,29589,152],{"class":50},[36,29591,29592],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,29593,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,29595,29596,29598,29600,29602],{"class":38,"line":6471},[36,29597,142],{"class":141},[36,29599,145],{"class":50},[36,29601,9239],{"class":148},[36,29603,152],{"class":50},[14,29605,29606],{},[180,29607,182],{},[26,29609,29611],{"className":28,"code":29610,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[33,29612,29613,29634,29651],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,29614,29615,29617,29620,29622,29624,29626,29628,29630,29632],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,29616,28582],{"class":148},[36,29618,29619],{"class":50},"():",[36,29621,1131],{"class":50},[36,29623,211],{"class":87},[36,29625,9770],{"class":91},[36,29627,211],{"class":87},[36,29629,58],{"class":50},[36,29631,66],{"class":54},[36,29633,152],{"class":50},[36,29635,29636,29638,29640,29642,29644,29646,29648],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,29637,26275],{"class":148},[36,29639,145],{"class":50},[36,29641,211],{"class":87},[36,29643,294],{"class":91},[36,29645,211],{"class":87},[36,29647,16481],{"class":50},[36,29649,29650],{"class":54}," 1\n",[36,29652,29653,29655,29657,29659,29661,29663,29665],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,29654,192],{"class":50},[36,29656,211],{"class":87},[36,29658,1707],{"class":91},[36,29660,211],{"class":87},[36,29662,1213],{"class":50},[36,29664,61],{"class":54},[36,29666,69],{"class":50},[14,29668,495,29669,29673],{},[294,29670,29671],{"href":12597},[33,29672,12794],{}," when you know the key.",[14,29675,495,29676,29678],{},[33,29677,12801],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[21,29680,29682],{"id":29681},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[14,29684,29685,29686,29688],{},"Calling ",[33,29687,12801],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[26,29690,29692],{"className":28,"code":29691,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[33,29693,29694,29702],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,29695,29696,29698,29700],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,29697,9200],{"class":42},[36,29699,47],{"class":46},[36,29701,886],{"class":50},[36,29703,29704,29706,29708,29710],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,29705,9239],{"class":42},[36,29707,303],{"class":50},[36,29709,28582],{"class":148},[36,29711,128],{"class":50},[14,29713,29714],{},[180,29715,29716],{},"Error:",[26,29718,29720],{"className":28,"code":29719,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[33,29721,29722],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,29723,29724,29726,29728,29730,29733],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,29725,19719],{"class":80},[36,29727,1213],{"class":50},[36,29729,220],{"class":87},[36,29731,29732],{"class":91},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[36,29734,1228],{"class":87},[376,29736,29738],{"id":29737},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[26,29740,29742],{"className":28,"code":29741,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[33,29743,29744,29752,29756,29764,29779,29789,29795],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,29745,29746,29748,29750],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,29747,9200],{"class":42},[36,29749,47],{"class":46},[36,29751,886],{"class":50},[36,29753,29754],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,29755,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,29757,29758,29760,29762],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,29759,7037],{"class":3917},[36,29761,14599],{"class":42},[36,29763,6433],{"class":50},[36,29765,29766,29769,29771,29773,29775,29777],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,29767,29768],{"class":42},"    item ",[36,29770,47],{"class":46},[36,29772,14599],{"class":42},[36,29774,303],{"class":50},[36,29776,28582],{"class":148},[36,29778,128],{"class":50},[36,29780,29781,29783,29785,29787],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,29782,8105],{"class":141},[36,29784,145],{"class":50},[36,29786,23343],{"class":148},[36,29788,152],{"class":50},[36,29790,29791,29793],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,29792,27468],{"class":3917},[36,29794,6433],{"class":50},[36,29796,29797,29799,29801,29803,29806,29808],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,29798,8105],{"class":141},[36,29800,145],{"class":50},[36,29802,88],{"class":87},[36,29804,29805],{"class":91},"Dictionary is empty",[36,29807,88],{"class":87},[36,29809,152],{"class":50},[376,29811,29813,29814],{"id":29812},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[33,29815,29816],{},"try-except",[26,29818,29820],{"className":28,"code":29819,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[33,29821,29822,29830,29834,29841,29855,29865,29875],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,29823,29824,29826,29828],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,29825,9200],{"class":42},[36,29827,47],{"class":46},[36,29829,886],{"class":50},[36,29831,29832],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,29833,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,29835,29836,29839],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,29837,29838],{"class":3917},"try",[36,29840,6433],{"class":50},[36,29842,29843,29845,29847,29849,29851,29853],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,29844,29768],{"class":42},[36,29846,47],{"class":46},[36,29848,14599],{"class":42},[36,29850,303],{"class":50},[36,29852,28582],{"class":148},[36,29854,128],{"class":50},[36,29856,29857,29859,29861,29863],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,29858,8105],{"class":141},[36,29860,145],{"class":50},[36,29862,23343],{"class":148},[36,29864,152],{"class":50},[36,29866,29867,29870,29873],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,29868,29869],{"class":3917},"except",[36,29871,29872],{"class":80}," KeyError",[36,29874,6433],{"class":50},[36,29876,29877,29879,29881,29883,29886,29888],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,29878,8105],{"class":141},[36,29880,145],{"class":50},[36,29882,88],{"class":87},[36,29884,29885],{"class":91},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[36,29887,88],{"class":87},[36,29889,152],{"class":50},[14,29891,29892,29893,303],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[294,29894,25713,29896],{"href":29895},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[33,29897,29898],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[21,29900,5000,29902],{"id":29901},"when-to-use-popitem",[33,29903,12801],{},[14,29905,29906,29908],{},[33,29907,12801],{}," is useful when:",[246,29910,29911,29914,29917],{},[249,29912,29913],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[249,29915,29916],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[249,29918,29919],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[14,29921,29922],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[26,29924,29926],{"className":28,"code":29925,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[33,29927,29928,29937,29957,29977,29995,29999,30003,30013,30032],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,29929,29930,29933,29935],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,29931,29932],{"class":42},"tasks ",[36,29934,47],{"class":46},[36,29936,11523],{"class":50},[36,29938,29939,29941,29944,29946,29948,29950,29953,29955],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,29940,11528],{"class":87},[36,29942,29943],{"class":91},"first",[36,29945,88],{"class":87},[36,29947,1213],{"class":50},[36,29949,99],{"class":87},[36,29951,29952],{"class":91},"wash dishes",[36,29954,88],{"class":87},[36,29956,11544],{"class":50},[36,29958,29959,29961,29964,29966,29968,29970,29973,29975],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,29960,11528],{"class":87},[36,29962,29963],{"class":91},"second",[36,29965,88],{"class":87},[36,29967,1213],{"class":50},[36,29969,99],{"class":87},[36,29971,29972],{"class":91},"do homework",[36,29974,88],{"class":87},[36,29976,11544],{"class":50},[36,29978,29979,29981,29984,29986,29988,29990,29993],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,29980,11528],{"class":87},[36,29982,29983],{"class":91},"third",[36,29985,88],{"class":87},[36,29987,1213],{"class":50},[36,29989,99],{"class":87},[36,29991,29992],{"class":91},"read book",[36,29994,3403],{"class":87},[36,29996,29997],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,29998,69],{"class":50},[36,30000,30001],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,30002,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,30004,30005,30008,30011],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,30006,30007],{"class":3917},"while",[36,30009,30010],{"class":42}," tasks",[36,30012,6433],{"class":50},[36,30014,30015,30018,30020,30022,30024,30026,30028,30030],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,30016,30017],{"class":42},"    key",[36,30019,58],{"class":50},[36,30021,21616],{"class":42},[36,30023,47],{"class":46},[36,30025,30010],{"class":42},[36,30027,303],{"class":50},[36,30029,28582],{"class":148},[36,30031,128],{"class":50},[36,30033,30034,30036,30038,30040,30042,30044,30046,30048,30050,30052,30054,30056,30058],{"class":38,"line":6471},[36,30035,8105],{"class":141},[36,30037,145],{"class":50},[36,30039,22326],{"class":847},[36,30041,88],{"class":91},[36,30043,192],{"class":54},[36,30045,14874],{"class":148},[36,30047,22335],{"class":54},[36,30049,22338],{"class":91},[36,30051,192],{"class":54},[36,30053,1495],{"class":148},[36,30055,22335],{"class":54},[36,30057,88],{"class":91},[36,30059,152],{"class":50},[14,30061,30062],{},[180,30063,350],{},[26,30065,30067],{"className":28,"code":30066,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[33,30068,30069,30078,30087],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,30070,30071,30073,30075],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,30072,29983],{"class":42},[36,30074,1213],{"class":50},[36,30076,30077],{"class":42}," read book\n",[36,30079,30080,30082,30084],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,30081,29963],{"class":42},[36,30083,1213],{"class":50},[36,30085,30086],{"class":42}," do homework\n",[36,30088,30089,30091,30093],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,30090,29943],{"class":42},[36,30092,1213],{"class":50},[36,30094,30095],{"class":42}," wash dishes\n",[14,30097,29096,30098,30100],{},[33,30099,12801],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[21,30102,1455],{"id":1454},[14,30104,14766,30105,1213],{},[33,30106,12801],{},[246,30108,30109,30123,30142,30153],{},[249,30110,30111,30116],{},[180,30112,29685,30113,30115],{},[33,30114,12801],{}," on an empty dictionary",[246,30117,30118],{},[249,30119,30120,30121,303],{},"This raises ",[33,30122,19719],{},[249,30124,30125,30130],{},[180,30126,8489,30127,30129],{},[33,30128,12801],{}," to remove a specific key",[246,30131,30132,30135],{},[249,30133,30134],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[249,30136,495,30137,30141],{},[294,30138,30139],{"href":12597},[33,30140,12794],{}," if you need that.",[249,30143,30144,30148],{},[180,30145,4743,30146,27734],{},[33,30147,12801],{},[246,30149,30150],{},[249,30151,30152],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[249,30154,30155,30158],{},[180,30156,30157],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[246,30159,30160],{},[249,30161,30162,22007,30164,30166],{},[33,30163,12801],{},[33,30165,21687],{}," tuple.",[14,30168,30169],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[26,30171,30173],{"className":28,"code":30172,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[33,30174,30175,30185,30199,30203,30217],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,30176,30177,30179,30181,30183],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,30178,142],{"class":141},[36,30180,145],{"class":50},[36,30182,1747],{"class":148},[36,30184,152],{"class":50},[36,30186,30187,30189,30191,30193,30195,30197],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,30188,142],{"class":141},[36,30190,145],{"class":50},[36,30192,438],{"class":141},[36,30194,145],{"class":50},[36,30196,1747],{"class":148},[36,30198,445],{"class":50},[36,30200,30201],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,30202,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,30204,30205,30207,30209,30211,30213,30215],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,30206,28573],{"class":42},[36,30208,47],{"class":46},[36,30210,11796],{"class":42},[36,30212,303],{"class":50},[36,30214,28582],{"class":148},[36,30216,128],{"class":50},[36,30218,30219,30221,30223,30225],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,30220,142],{"class":141},[36,30222,145],{"class":50},[36,30224,23343],{"class":148},[36,30226,152],{"class":50},[14,30228,30229],{},"Or with unpacking:",[26,30231,30233],{"className":28,"code":30232,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[33,30234,30235,30253,30263],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,30236,30237,30239,30241,30243,30245,30247,30249,30251],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,30238,14874],{"class":42},[36,30240,58],{"class":50},[36,30242,21616],{"class":42},[36,30244,47],{"class":46},[36,30246,11796],{"class":42},[36,30248,303],{"class":50},[36,30250,28582],{"class":148},[36,30252,128],{"class":50},[36,30254,30255,30257,30259,30261],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,30256,142],{"class":141},[36,30258,145],{"class":50},[36,30260,14874],{"class":148},[36,30262,152],{"class":50},[36,30264,30265,30267,30269,30271],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,30266,142],{"class":141},[36,30268,145],{"class":50},[36,30270,1495],{"class":148},[36,30272,152],{"class":50},[21,30274,1872],{"id":1871},[376,30276,5182,30278,5185],{"id":30277},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[33,30279,12801],{},[14,30281,30282,30283,303],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[33,30284,30285],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[376,30287,12735,30289,30291],{"id":30288},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[33,30290,12801],{}," remove the last item?",[14,30293,30294],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[376,30296,30298,30299,30301],{"id":30297},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[33,30300,12801],{}," removes?",[14,30303,30304,30305,30309],{},"No. Use ",[294,30306,30307],{"href":12597},[33,30308,12794],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[376,30311,12735,30313,14929],{"id":30312},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[33,30314,12801],{},[14,30316,30317],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[376,30319,30321,30322,30324],{"id":30320},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[33,30323,12801],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[14,30326,30327,30328,30330,30331,303],{},"It raises ",[33,30329,19719],{}," with the message ",[33,30332,29732],{},[21,30334,1923],{"id":1922},[246,30336,30337,30344,30350,30356,30362,30369,30373,30377],{},[249,30338,30339],{},[294,30340,30341,30343],{"href":12597},[33,30342,12794],{}," method for dictionaries",[249,30345,30346],{},[294,30347,30348,30343],{"href":17105},[33,30349,17108],{},[249,30351,30352],{},[294,30353,30354,30343],{"href":17092},[33,30355,17095],{},[249,30357,30358],{},[294,30359,30360,30343],{"href":17098},[33,30361,17101],{},[249,30363,30364],{},[294,30365,30367,30343],{"href":30366},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[33,30368,11351],{},[249,30370,30371],{},[294,30372,12818],{"href":12604},[249,30374,30375],{},[294,30376,21489],{"href":16626},[249,30378,30379],{},[294,30380,30381,30382],{"href":29895},"Fix ",[33,30383,29898],{},[1962,30385,30386],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":30388},[30389,30390,30392,30393,30394,30395,30396,30397,30402,30407,30409,30410,30422],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":28669,"depth":72,"text":30391},"What popitem() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":28739,"depth":72,"text":28740},{"id":11504,"depth":72,"text":11505},{"id":29092,"depth":72,"text":29093},{"id":29284,"depth":72,"text":29285},{"id":29412,"depth":72,"text":30398,"children":30399},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30400,30401],{"id":28582,"depth":118,"text":12801},{"id":26275,"depth":118,"text":12794},{"id":29681,"depth":72,"text":29682,"children":30403},[30404,30405],{"id":29737,"depth":118,"text":29738},{"id":29812,"depth":118,"text":30406},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29901,"depth":72,"text":30408},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":30411},[30412,30414,30416,30418,30420],{"id":30277,"depth":118,"text":30413},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30288,"depth":118,"text":30415},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30297,"depth":118,"text":30417},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30312,"depth":118,"text":30419},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30320,"depth":118,"text":30421},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28408,"description":30423},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30430,"title":30431,"body":30432,"description":32334,"extension":2009,"meta":32335,"navigation":134,"path":14065,"seo":32336,"stem":32337,"__hash__":32338},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30433,"toc":32306},[30434,30439,30444,30447,30449,30546,30551,30556,30561,30564,30572,30574,30589,30591,30691,30693,30750,30754,30756,30759,30779,30784,30795,30798,30825,30828,30830,30887,30889,30910,30916,30921,30924,30935,30937,31045,31047,31100,31102,31114,31121,31127,31132,31135,31223,31225,31270,31273,31281,31284,31287,31356,31359,31362,31366,31369,31440,31442,31495,31498,31501,31504,31519,31522,31534,31537,31600,31602,31608,31610,31612,31691,31693,31734,31736,31801,31803,31840,31845,31850,31854,31868,31871,31994,31996,32081,32086,32088,32092,32114,32117,32197,32200,32219,32224,32226,32232,32237,32243,32246,32252,32255,32261,32266,32272,32278,32280,32303],[10,30435,11348,30437,11352],{"id":30436},"python-dictionary-update-method",[33,30438,14987],{},[14,30440,2026,30441,30443],{},[33,30442,14987],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[14,30445,30446],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[21,30448,2051],{"id":2050},[26,30450,30452],{"className":28,"code":30451,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[33,30453,30454,30490,30531,30541],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,30455,30456,30458,30460,30462,30464,30466,30468,30470,30472,30474,30476,30478,30480,30482,30484,30486,30488],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,30457,13237],{"class":42},[36,30459,47],{"class":46},[36,30461,51],{"class":50},[36,30463,88],{"class":87},[36,30465,1250],{"class":91},[36,30467,88],{"class":87},[36,30469,1213],{"class":50},[36,30471,99],{"class":87},[36,30473,12912],{"class":91},[36,30475,88],{"class":87},[36,30477,58],{"class":50},[36,30479,99],{"class":87},[36,30481,9331],{"class":91},[36,30483,88],{"class":87},[36,30485,1213],{"class":50},[36,30487,636],{"class":54},[36,30489,69],{"class":50},[36,30491,30492,30494,30496,30499,30501,30503,30505,30507,30509,30512,30514,30516,30518,30520,30522,30524,30526,30528],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,30493,17337],{"class":42},[36,30495,303],{"class":50},[36,30497,30498],{"class":148},"update",[36,30500,5568],{"class":50},[36,30502,88],{"class":87},[36,30504,9331],{"class":91},[36,30506,88],{"class":87},[36,30508,1213],{"class":50},[36,30510,30511],{"class":54}," 21",[36,30513,58],{"class":50},[36,30515,99],{"class":87},[36,30517,10439],{"class":91},[36,30519,88],{"class":87},[36,30521,1213],{"class":50},[36,30523,99],{"class":87},[36,30525,16060],{"class":91},[36,30527,88],{"class":87},[36,30529,30530],{"class":50},"})\n",[36,30532,30533,30535,30537,30539],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,30534,142],{"class":141},[36,30536,145],{"class":50},[36,30538,17337],{"class":148},[36,30540,152],{"class":50},[36,30542,30543],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,30544,30545],{"class":1617},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[14,30547,495,30548,30550],{},[33,30549,14987],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[21,30552,3720,30554,3723],{"id":30553},"what-update-does",[33,30555,14987],{},[14,30557,30558,30560],{},[33,30559,14987],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[14,30562,30563],{},"It can do two main things:",[246,30565,30566,30569],{},[249,30567,30568],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[249,30570,30571],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[14,30573,275],{},[246,30575,30576,30579,30582,30586],{},[249,30577,30578],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[249,30580,30581],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[249,30583,5188,30584],{},[33,30585,3822],{},[249,30587,30588],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[14,30590,2257],{},[26,30592,30594],{"className":28,"code":30593,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[33,30595,30596,30638,30681],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,30597,30598,30600,30602,30604,30606,30608,30610,30612,30614,30617,30619,30621,30623,30625,30627,30629,30631,30634,30636],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,30599,12895],{"class":42},[36,30601,47],{"class":46},[36,30603,51],{"class":50},[36,30605,88],{"class":87},[36,30607,1250],{"class":91},[36,30609,88],{"class":87},[36,30611,1213],{"class":50},[36,30613,99],{"class":87},[36,30615,30616],{"class":91},"Mira",[36,30618,88],{"class":87},[36,30620,58],{"class":50},[36,30622,99],{"class":87},[36,30624,19923],{"class":91},[36,30626,88],{"class":87},[36,30628,1213],{"class":50},[36,30630,99],{"class":87},[36,30632,30633],{"class":91},"B",[36,30635,88],{"class":87},[36,30637,69],{"class":50},[36,30639,30640,30642,30644,30646,30648,30650,30652,30654,30656,30658,30660,30662,30664,30666,30668,30670,30672,30674,30677,30679],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,30641,13659],{"class":42},[36,30643,303],{"class":50},[36,30645,30498],{"class":148},[36,30647,5568],{"class":50},[36,30649,88],{"class":87},[36,30651,19923],{"class":91},[36,30653,88],{"class":87},[36,30655,1213],{"class":50},[36,30657,99],{"class":87},[36,30659,22277],{"class":91},[36,30661,88],{"class":87},[36,30663,58],{"class":50},[36,30665,99],{"class":87},[36,30667,10439],{"class":91},[36,30669,88],{"class":87},[36,30671,1213],{"class":50},[36,30673,99],{"class":87},[36,30675,30676],{"class":91},"Quito",[36,30678,88],{"class":87},[36,30680,30530],{"class":50},[36,30682,30683,30685,30687,30689],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,30684,142],{"class":141},[36,30686,145],{"class":50},[36,30688,13659],{"class":148},[36,30690,152],{"class":50},[14,30692,182],{},[26,30694,30696],{"className":28,"code":30695,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[33,30697,30698],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,30699,30700,30702,30704,30706,30708,30710,30712,30714,30716,30718,30720,30722,30724,30726,30728,30730,30732,30734,30736,30738,30740,30742,30744,30746,30748],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,30701,192],{"class":50},[36,30703,211],{"class":87},[36,30705,1250],{"class":91},[36,30707,211],{"class":87},[36,30709,1213],{"class":50},[36,30711,220],{"class":87},[36,30713,30616],{"class":91},[36,30715,211],{"class":87},[36,30717,58],{"class":50},[36,30719,220],{"class":87},[36,30721,19923],{"class":91},[36,30723,211],{"class":87},[36,30725,1213],{"class":50},[36,30727,220],{"class":87},[36,30729,22277],{"class":91},[36,30731,211],{"class":87},[36,30733,58],{"class":50},[36,30735,220],{"class":87},[36,30737,10439],{"class":91},[36,30739,211],{"class":87},[36,30741,1213],{"class":50},[36,30743,220],{"class":87},[36,30745,30676],{"class":91},[36,30747,211],{"class":87},[36,30749,69],{"class":50},[14,30751,9186,30752,303],{},[294,30753,24661],{"href":9422},[21,30755,2205],{"id":2204},[14,30757,30758],{},"The basic form is:",[26,30760,30762],{"className":28,"code":30761,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[33,30763,30764],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,30765,30766,30768,30770,30772,30774,30777],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,30767,15636],{"class":42},[36,30769,303],{"class":50},[36,30771,30498],{"class":148},[36,30773,145],{"class":50},[36,30775,30776],{"class":148},"other",[36,30778,152],{"class":50},[14,30780,30781,30783],{},[33,30782,30776],{}," can be:",[246,30785,30786,30789,30792],{},[249,30787,30788],{},"Another dictionary",[249,30790,30791],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[249,30793,30794],{},"Keyword arguments",[14,30796,30797],{},"You can also use:",[26,30799,30801],{"className":28,"code":30800,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[33,30802,30803],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,30804,30805,30807,30809,30811,30813,30815,30817,30819,30821,30823],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,30806,15636],{"class":42},[36,30808,303],{"class":50},[36,30810,30498],{"class":148},[36,30812,145],{"class":50},[36,30814,1250],{"class":9210},[36,30816,47],{"class":46},[36,30818,88],{"class":87},[36,30820,1259],{"class":91},[36,30822,88],{"class":87},[36,30824,152],{"class":50},[14,30826,30827],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[14,30829,2257],{},[26,30831,30833],{"className":28,"code":30832,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[33,30834,30835,30855,30877],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,30836,30837,30839,30841,30843,30845,30847,30849,30851,30853],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,30838,9200],{"class":42},[36,30840,47],{"class":46},[36,30842,51],{"class":50},[36,30844,88],{"class":87},[36,30846,294],{"class":91},[36,30848,88],{"class":87},[36,30850,1213],{"class":50},[36,30852,1340],{"class":54},[36,30854,69],{"class":50},[36,30856,30857,30859,30861,30863,30865,30867,30869,30871,30873,30875],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,30858,9239],{"class":42},[36,30860,303],{"class":50},[36,30862,30498],{"class":148},[36,30864,5568],{"class":50},[36,30866,88],{"class":87},[36,30868,294],{"class":91},[36,30870,88],{"class":87},[36,30872,1213],{"class":50},[36,30874,6044],{"class":54},[36,30876,30530],{"class":50},[36,30878,30879,30881,30883,30885],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,30880,142],{"class":141},[36,30882,145],{"class":50},[36,30884,9239],{"class":148},[36,30886,152],{"class":50},[14,30888,182],{},[26,30890,30892],{"className":28,"code":30891,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'a': 10}\n",[33,30893,30894],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,30895,30896,30898,30900,30902,30904,30906,30908],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,30897,192],{"class":50},[36,30899,211],{"class":87},[36,30901,294],{"class":91},[36,30903,211],{"class":87},[36,30905,1213],{"class":50},[36,30907,6044],{"class":54},[36,30909,69],{"class":50},[21,30911,1462,30913,30915],{"id":30912},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[33,30914,14987],{}," with another dictionary",[14,30917,30918,30919,303],{},"This is the most common use of ",[33,30920,14987],{},[14,30922,30923],{},"It is useful when:",[246,30925,30926,30929,30932],{},[249,30927,30928],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[249,30930,30931],{},"Adding extra settings",[249,30933,30934],{},"Updating stored data",[14,30936,2257],{},[26,30938,30940],{"className":28,"code":30939,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[33,30941,30942,30979,31016,31020,31035],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,30943,30944,30946,30948,30950,30952,30954,30956,30958,30960,30962,30964,30966,30968,30970,30972,30974,30977],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,30945,13858],{"class":42},[36,30947,47],{"class":46},[36,30949,51],{"class":50},[36,30951,88],{"class":87},[36,30953,12525],{"class":91},[36,30955,88],{"class":87},[36,30957,1213],{"class":50},[36,30959,99],{"class":87},[36,30961,20960],{"class":91},[36,30963,88],{"class":87},[36,30965,58],{"class":50},[36,30967,99],{"class":87},[36,30969,13883],{"class":91},[36,30971,88],{"class":87},[36,30973,1213],{"class":50},[36,30975,30976],{"class":54}," 12",[36,30978,69],{"class":50},[36,30980,30981,30984,30986,30988,30990,30992,30994,30996,30998,31000,31002,31004,31006,31008,31010,31012,31014],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,30982,30983],{"class":42},"new_settings ",[36,30985,47],{"class":46},[36,30987,51],{"class":50},[36,30989,88],{"class":87},[36,30991,13883],{"class":91},[36,30993,88],{"class":87},[36,30995,1213],{"class":50},[36,30997,13890],{"class":54},[36,30999,58],{"class":50},[36,31001,99],{"class":87},[36,31003,20155],{"class":91},[36,31005,88],{"class":87},[36,31007,1213],{"class":50},[36,31009,99],{"class":87},[36,31011,20189],{"class":91},[36,31013,88],{"class":87},[36,31015,69],{"class":50},[36,31017,31018],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,31019,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,31021,31022,31024,31026,31028,31030,31033],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,31023,13917],{"class":42},[36,31025,303],{"class":50},[36,31027,30498],{"class":148},[36,31029,145],{"class":50},[36,31031,31032],{"class":148},"new_settings",[36,31034,152],{"class":50},[36,31036,31037,31039,31041,31043],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,31038,142],{"class":141},[36,31040,145],{"class":50},[36,31042,13917],{"class":148},[36,31044,152],{"class":50},[14,31046,182],{},[26,31048,31050],{"className":28,"code":31049,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[33,31051,31052],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,31053,31054,31056,31058,31060,31062,31064,31066,31068,31070,31072,31074,31076,31078,31080,31082,31084,31086,31088,31090,31092,31094,31096,31098],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,31055,192],{"class":50},[36,31057,211],{"class":87},[36,31059,12525],{"class":91},[36,31061,211],{"class":87},[36,31063,1213],{"class":50},[36,31065,220],{"class":87},[36,31067,20960],{"class":91},[36,31069,211],{"class":87},[36,31071,58],{"class":50},[36,31073,220],{"class":87},[36,31075,13883],{"class":91},[36,31077,211],{"class":87},[36,31079,1213],{"class":50},[36,31081,13890],{"class":54},[36,31083,58],{"class":50},[36,31085,220],{"class":87},[36,31087,20155],{"class":91},[36,31089,211],{"class":87},[36,31091,1213],{"class":50},[36,31093,220],{"class":87},[36,31095,20189],{"class":91},[36,31097,211],{"class":87},[36,31099,69],{"class":50},[14,31101,13442],{},[246,31103,31104,31109],{},[249,31105,31106,31108],{},[33,31107,13883],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[249,31110,31111,31113],{},[33,31112,20155],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[14,31115,31116,31117,303],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[294,31118,31120],{"href":31119},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[21,31122,1462,31124,31126],{"id":31123},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[33,31125,14987],{}," with key-value pairs",[14,31128,31129,31131],{},[33,31130,14987],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[14,31133,31134],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[26,31136,31138],{"className":28,"code":31137,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[33,31139,31140,31160,31195,31199,31213],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,31141,31142,31144,31146,31148,31150,31152,31154,31156,31158],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,31143,5103],{"class":42},[36,31145,47],{"class":46},[36,31147,51],{"class":50},[36,31149,88],{"class":87},[36,31151,18448],{"class":91},[36,31153,88],{"class":87},[36,31155,1213],{"class":50},[36,31157,19930],{"class":54},[36,31159,69],{"class":50},[36,31161,31162,31164,31166,31168,31170,31172,31174,31176,31178,31180,31182,31184,31187,31189,31191,31193],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,31163,9250],{"class":42},[36,31165,47],{"class":46},[36,31167,9255],{"class":50},[36,31169,88],{"class":87},[36,31171,18457],{"class":91},[36,31173,88],{"class":87},[36,31175,58],{"class":50},[36,31177,13540],{"class":54},[36,31179,1140],{"class":50},[36,31181,1131],{"class":50},[36,31183,88],{"class":87},[36,31185,31186],{"class":91},"english",[36,31188,88],{"class":87},[36,31190,58],{"class":50},[36,31192,28955],{"class":54},[36,31194,9282],{"class":50},[36,31196,31197],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,31198,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,31200,31201,31203,31205,31207,31209,31211],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,31202,16418],{"class":42},[36,31204,303],{"class":50},[36,31206,30498],{"class":148},[36,31208,145],{"class":50},[36,31210,9295],{"class":148},[36,31212,152],{"class":50},[36,31214,31215,31217,31219,31221],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,31216,142],{"class":141},[36,31218,145],{"class":50},[36,31220,16418],{"class":148},[36,31222,152],{"class":50},[14,31224,182],{},[26,31226,31228],{"className":28,"code":31227,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[33,31229,31230],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,31231,31232,31234,31236,31238,31240,31242,31244,31246,31248,31250,31252,31254,31256,31258,31260,31262,31264,31266,31268],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,31233,192],{"class":50},[36,31235,211],{"class":87},[36,31237,18448],{"class":91},[36,31239,211],{"class":87},[36,31241,1213],{"class":50},[36,31243,19930],{"class":54},[36,31245,58],{"class":50},[36,31247,220],{"class":87},[36,31249,18457],{"class":91},[36,31251,211],{"class":87},[36,31253,1213],{"class":50},[36,31255,13540],{"class":54},[36,31257,58],{"class":50},[36,31259,220],{"class":87},[36,31261,31186],{"class":91},[36,31263,211],{"class":87},[36,31265,1213],{"class":50},[36,31267,28955],{"class":54},[36,31269,69],{"class":50},[14,31271,31272],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[246,31274,31275,31278],{},[249,31276,31277],{},"The key",[249,31279,31280],{},"The value",[14,31282,31283],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[14,31285,31286],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[26,31288,31290],{"className":28,"code":31289,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[33,31291,31292,31312,31337,31341],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,31293,31294,31296,31298,31300,31302,31304,31306,31308,31310],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,31295,9200],{"class":42},[36,31297,47],{"class":46},[36,31299,51],{"class":50},[36,31301,88],{"class":87},[36,31303,294],{"class":91},[36,31305,88],{"class":87},[36,31307,1213],{"class":50},[36,31309,1340],{"class":54},[36,31311,69],{"class":50},[36,31313,31314,31317,31319,31321,31323,31325,31327,31329,31331,31333,31335],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,31315,31316],{"class":42},"bad_pairs ",[36,31318,47],{"class":46},[36,31320,9255],{"class":50},[36,31322,88],{"class":87},[36,31324,1707],{"class":91},[36,31326,88],{"class":87},[36,31328,58],{"class":50},[36,31330,61],{"class":54},[36,31332,58],{"class":50},[36,31334,66],{"class":54},[36,31336,9282],{"class":50},[36,31338,31339],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,31340,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,31342,31343,31345,31347,31349,31351,31354],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,31344,9239],{"class":42},[36,31346,303],{"class":50},[36,31348,30498],{"class":148},[36,31350,145],{"class":50},[36,31352,31353],{"class":148},"bad_pairs",[36,31355,152],{"class":50},[14,31357,31358],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[14,31360,31361],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[21,31363,31365],{"id":31364},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[14,31367,31368],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[26,31370,31372],{"className":28,"code":31371,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[33,31373,31374,31398,31430],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,31375,31376,31378,31380,31382,31384,31386,31388,31390,31392,31394,31396],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,31377,11518],{"class":42},[36,31379,47],{"class":46},[36,31381,51],{"class":50},[36,31383,88],{"class":87},[36,31385,1250],{"class":91},[36,31387,88],{"class":87},[36,31389,1213],{"class":50},[36,31391,99],{"class":87},[36,31393,28948],{"class":91},[36,31395,88],{"class":87},[36,31397,69],{"class":50},[36,31399,31400,31402,31404,31406,31408,31410,31412,31414,31416,31419,31421,31423,31426,31428],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,31401,11612],{"class":42},[36,31403,303],{"class":50},[36,31405,30498],{"class":148},[36,31407,145],{"class":50},[36,31409,9331],{"class":9210},[36,31411,47],{"class":46},[36,31413,9228],{"class":54},[36,31415,58],{"class":50},[36,31417,31418],{"class":9210}," city",[36,31420,47],{"class":46},[36,31422,88],{"class":87},[36,31424,31425],{"class":91},"Madrid",[36,31427,88],{"class":87},[36,31429,152],{"class":50},[36,31431,31432,31434,31436,31438],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,31433,142],{"class":141},[36,31435,145],{"class":50},[36,31437,11612],{"class":148},[36,31439,152],{"class":50},[14,31441,182],{},[26,31443,31445],{"className":28,"code":31444,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[33,31446,31447],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,31448,31449,31451,31453,31455,31457,31459,31461,31463,31465,31467,31469,31471,31473,31475,31477,31479,31481,31483,31485,31487,31489,31491,31493],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,31450,192],{"class":50},[36,31452,211],{"class":87},[36,31454,1250],{"class":91},[36,31456,211],{"class":87},[36,31458,1213],{"class":50},[36,31460,220],{"class":87},[36,31462,28948],{"class":91},[36,31464,211],{"class":87},[36,31466,58],{"class":50},[36,31468,220],{"class":87},[36,31470,9331],{"class":91},[36,31472,211],{"class":87},[36,31474,1213],{"class":50},[36,31476,9338],{"class":54},[36,31478,58],{"class":50},[36,31480,220],{"class":87},[36,31482,10439],{"class":91},[36,31484,211],{"class":87},[36,31486,1213],{"class":50},[36,31488,220],{"class":87},[36,31490,31425],{"class":91},[36,31492,211],{"class":87},[36,31494,69],{"class":50},[14,31496,31497],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[14,31499,31500],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[14,31502,31503],{},"These work:",[246,31505,31506,31510,31514],{},[249,31507,31508],{},[33,31509,9331],{},[249,31511,31512],{},[33,31513,10439],{},[249,31515,31516],{},[33,31517,31518],{},"first_name",[14,31520,31521],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[246,31523,31524,31529],{},[249,31525,31526],{},[33,31527,31528],{},"\"first name\"",[249,31530,31531],{},[33,31532,31533],{},"\"user-id\"",[14,31535,31536],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[26,31538,31540],{"className":28,"code":31539,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[33,31541,31542,31550,31590],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,31543,31544,31546,31548],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,31545,11518],{"class":42},[36,31547,47],{"class":46},[36,31549,886],{"class":50},[36,31551,31552,31554,31556,31558,31560,31562,31564,31566,31568,31570,31572,31574,31576,31578,31581,31583,31585,31588],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,31553,11612],{"class":42},[36,31555,303],{"class":50},[36,31557,30498],{"class":148},[36,31559,5568],{"class":50},[36,31561,88],{"class":87},[36,31563,10542],{"class":91},[36,31565,88],{"class":87},[36,31567,1213],{"class":50},[36,31569,99],{"class":87},[36,31571,28948],{"class":91},[36,31573,88],{"class":87},[36,31575,58],{"class":50},[36,31577,99],{"class":87},[36,31579,31580],{"class":91},"user-id",[36,31582,88],{"class":87},[36,31584,1213],{"class":50},[36,31586,31587],{"class":54}," 1001",[36,31589,30530],{"class":50},[36,31591,31592,31594,31596,31598],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,31593,142],{"class":141},[36,31595,145],{"class":50},[36,31597,11612],{"class":148},[36,31599,152],{"class":50},[21,31601,17449],{"id":17448},[14,31603,31604,2448,31606,303],{},[33,31605,14987],{},[33,31607,3822],{},[14,31609,14081],{},[14,31611,24741],{},[26,31613,31615],{"className":28,"code":31614,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[33,31616,31617,31641,31667,31671,31681],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,31618,31619,31621,31623,31625,31627,31629,31631,31633,31635,31637,31639],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,31620,13237],{"class":42},[36,31622,47],{"class":46},[36,31624,51],{"class":50},[36,31626,88],{"class":87},[36,31628,1250],{"class":91},[36,31630,88],{"class":87},[36,31632,1213],{"class":50},[36,31634,99],{"class":87},[36,31636,12912],{"class":91},[36,31638,88],{"class":87},[36,31640,69],{"class":50},[36,31642,31643,31645,31647,31649,31651,31653,31655,31657,31659,31661,31663,31665],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,31644,2280],{"class":42},[36,31646,47],{"class":46},[36,31648,13280],{"class":42},[36,31650,303],{"class":50},[36,31652,30498],{"class":148},[36,31654,5568],{"class":50},[36,31656,88],{"class":87},[36,31658,9331],{"class":91},[36,31660,88],{"class":87},[36,31662,1213],{"class":50},[36,31664,636],{"class":54},[36,31666,30530],{"class":50},[36,31668,31669],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,31670,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,31672,31673,31675,31677,31679],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,31674,142],{"class":141},[36,31676,145],{"class":50},[36,31678,2315],{"class":148},[36,31680,152],{"class":50},[36,31682,31683,31685,31687,31689],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,31684,142],{"class":141},[36,31686,145],{"class":50},[36,31688,17337],{"class":148},[36,31690,152],{"class":50},[14,31692,182],{},[26,31694,31696],{"className":28,"code":31695,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[33,31697,31698,31702],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,31699,31700],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,31701,11838],{"class":1143},[36,31703,31704,31706,31708,31710,31712,31714,31716,31718,31720,31722,31724,31726,31728,31730,31732],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,31705,192],{"class":50},[36,31707,211],{"class":87},[36,31709,1250],{"class":91},[36,31711,211],{"class":87},[36,31713,1213],{"class":50},[36,31715,220],{"class":87},[36,31717,12912],{"class":91},[36,31719,211],{"class":87},[36,31721,58],{"class":50},[36,31723,220],{"class":87},[36,31725,9331],{"class":91},[36,31727,211],{"class":87},[36,31729,1213],{"class":50},[36,31731,636],{"class":54},[36,31733,69],{"class":50},[14,31735,16685],{},[26,31737,31739],{"className":28,"code":31738,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[33,31740,31741,31765,31787,31791],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,31742,31743,31745,31747,31749,31751,31753,31755,31757,31759,31761,31763],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,31744,13237],{"class":42},[36,31746,47],{"class":46},[36,31748,51],{"class":50},[36,31750,88],{"class":87},[36,31752,1250],{"class":91},[36,31754,88],{"class":87},[36,31756,1213],{"class":50},[36,31758,99],{"class":87},[36,31760,12912],{"class":91},[36,31762,88],{"class":87},[36,31764,69],{"class":50},[36,31766,31767,31769,31771,31773,31775,31777,31779,31781,31783,31785],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,31768,17337],{"class":42},[36,31770,303],{"class":50},[36,31772,30498],{"class":148},[36,31774,5568],{"class":50},[36,31776,88],{"class":87},[36,31778,9331],{"class":91},[36,31780,88],{"class":87},[36,31782,1213],{"class":50},[36,31784,636],{"class":54},[36,31786,30530],{"class":50},[36,31788,31789],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,31790,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,31792,31793,31795,31797,31799],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,31794,142],{"class":141},[36,31796,145],{"class":50},[36,31798,17337],{"class":148},[36,31800,152],{"class":50},[14,31802,182],{},[26,31804,31806],{"className":28,"code":31805,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[33,31807,31808],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,31809,31810,31812,31814,31816,31818,31820,31822,31824,31826,31828,31830,31832,31834,31836,31838],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,31811,192],{"class":50},[36,31813,211],{"class":87},[36,31815,1250],{"class":91},[36,31817,211],{"class":87},[36,31819,1213],{"class":50},[36,31821,220],{"class":87},[36,31823,12912],{"class":91},[36,31825,211],{"class":87},[36,31827,58],{"class":50},[36,31829,220],{"class":87},[36,31831,9331],{"class":91},[36,31833,211],{"class":87},[36,31835,1213],{"class":50},[36,31837,636],{"class":54},[36,31839,69],{"class":50},[14,31841,31842,31843,303],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[294,31844,17935],{"href":10761},[21,31846,5000,31848],{"id":31847},"when-to-use-update",[33,31849,14987],{},[14,31851,495,31852,10631],{},[33,31853,14987],{},[246,31855,31856,31859,31862,31865],{},[249,31857,31858],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[249,31860,31861],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[249,31863,31864],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[249,31866,31867],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[14,31869,31870],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[26,31872,31874],{"className":28,"code":31873,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[33,31875,31876,31912,31927,31931,31970,31974,31984],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,31877,31878,31880,31882,31884,31886,31888,31890,31892,31894,31896,31898,31900,31902,31904,31906,31908,31910],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,31879,12116],{"class":42},[36,31881,47],{"class":46},[36,31883,51],{"class":50},[36,31885,88],{"class":87},[36,31887,1250],{"class":91},[36,31889,88],{"class":87},[36,31891,1213],{"class":50},[36,31893,99],{"class":87},[36,31895,12912],{"class":91},[36,31897,88],{"class":87},[36,31899,58],{"class":50},[36,31901,99],{"class":87},[36,31903,9331],{"class":91},[36,31905,88],{"class":87},[36,31907,1213],{"class":50},[36,31909,636],{"class":54},[36,31911,69],{"class":50},[36,31913,31914,31917,31919,31921,31923,31925],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,31915,31916],{"class":42},"updated ",[36,31918,47],{"class":46},[36,31920,12191],{"class":42},[36,31922,303],{"class":50},[36,31924,12943],{"class":148},[36,31926,128],{"class":50},[36,31928,31929],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,31930,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,31932,31933,31936,31938,31940,31942,31944,31946,31948,31950,31952,31954,31956,31958,31960,31962,31964,31966,31968],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,31934,31935],{"class":42},"updated",[36,31937,303],{"class":50},[36,31939,30498],{"class":148},[36,31941,5568],{"class":50},[36,31943,88],{"class":87},[36,31945,9331],{"class":91},[36,31947,88],{"class":87},[36,31949,1213],{"class":50},[36,31951,30511],{"class":54},[36,31953,58],{"class":50},[36,31955,99],{"class":87},[36,31957,10439],{"class":91},[36,31959,88],{"class":87},[36,31961,1213],{"class":50},[36,31963,99],{"class":87},[36,31965,16060],{"class":91},[36,31967,88],{"class":87},[36,31969,30530],{"class":50},[36,31971,31972],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,31973,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,31975,31976,31978,31980,31982],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,31977,142],{"class":141},[36,31979,145],{"class":50},[36,31981,12163],{"class":148},[36,31983,152],{"class":50},[36,31985,31986,31988,31990,31992],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,31987,142],{"class":141},[36,31989,145],{"class":50},[36,31991,31935],{"class":148},[36,31993,152],{"class":50},[14,31995,182],{},[26,31997,31999],{"className":28,"code":31998,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[33,32000,32001,32033],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,32002,32003,32005,32007,32009,32011,32013,32015,32017,32019,32021,32023,32025,32027,32029,32031],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,32004,192],{"class":50},[36,32006,211],{"class":87},[36,32008,1250],{"class":91},[36,32010,211],{"class":87},[36,32012,1213],{"class":50},[36,32014,220],{"class":87},[36,32016,12912],{"class":91},[36,32018,211],{"class":87},[36,32020,58],{"class":50},[36,32022,220],{"class":87},[36,32024,9331],{"class":91},[36,32026,211],{"class":87},[36,32028,1213],{"class":50},[36,32030,636],{"class":54},[36,32032,69],{"class":50},[36,32034,32035,32037,32039,32041,32043,32045,32047,32049,32051,32053,32055,32057,32059,32061,32063,32065,32067,32069,32071,32073,32075,32077,32079],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,32036,192],{"class":50},[36,32038,211],{"class":87},[36,32040,1250],{"class":91},[36,32042,211],{"class":87},[36,32044,1213],{"class":50},[36,32046,220],{"class":87},[36,32048,12912],{"class":91},[36,32050,211],{"class":87},[36,32052,58],{"class":50},[36,32054,220],{"class":87},[36,32056,9331],{"class":91},[36,32058,211],{"class":87},[36,32060,1213],{"class":50},[36,32062,30511],{"class":54},[36,32064,58],{"class":50},[36,32066,220],{"class":87},[36,32068,10439],{"class":91},[36,32070,211],{"class":87},[36,32072,1213],{"class":50},[36,32074,220],{"class":87},[36,32076,16060],{"class":91},[36,32078,211],{"class":87},[36,32080,69],{"class":50},[14,32082,32083,32084,303],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[294,32085,16627],{"href":16626},[21,32087,1455],{"id":1454},[14,32089,10777,32090,1213],{},[33,32091,14987],{},[246,32093,32094,32101,32105,32108,32111],{},[249,32095,12625,32096,32098,32099],{},[33,32097,14987],{}," to a variable and getting ",[33,32100,3822],{},[249,32102,8489,32103,12633],{},[33,32104,14987],{},[249,32106,32107],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[249,32109,32110],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[249,32112,32113],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[14,32115,32116],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[26,32118,32120],{"className":28,"code":32119,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[33,32121,32122,32132,32146,32160,32182],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,32123,32124,32126,32128,32130],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,32125,142],{"class":141},[36,32127,145],{"class":50},[36,32129,1747],{"class":148},[36,32131,152],{"class":50},[36,32133,32134,32136,32138,32140,32142,32144],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,32135,142],{"class":141},[36,32137,145],{"class":50},[36,32139,818],{"class":80},[36,32141,145],{"class":50},[36,32143,9239],{"class":148},[36,32145,445],{"class":50},[36,32147,32148,32150,32152,32154,32156,32158],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,32149,142],{"class":141},[36,32151,145],{"class":50},[36,32153,1225],{"class":80},[36,32155,145],{"class":50},[36,32157,9239],{"class":148},[36,32159,445],{"class":50},[36,32161,32162,32164,32166,32168,32170,32172,32174,32176,32178,32180],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,32163,142],{"class":141},[36,32165,145],{"class":50},[36,32167,1747],{"class":148},[36,32169,303],{"class":50},[36,32171,19782],{"class":148},[36,32173,145],{"class":50},[36,32175,211],{"class":87},[36,32177,14874],{"class":91},[36,32179,211],{"class":87},[36,32181,445],{"class":50},[36,32183,32184,32187,32189,32191,32193,32195],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,32185,32186],{"class":141},"help",[36,32188,145],{"class":50},[36,32190,936],{"class":80},[36,32192,303],{"class":50},[36,32194,30498],{"class":24783},[36,32196,152],{"class":50},[14,32198,32199],{},"These can help you check:",[246,32201,32202,32205,32210,32213,32216],{},[249,32203,32204],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[249,32206,32207,32208],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[33,32209,14987],{},[249,32211,32212],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[249,32214,32215],{},"Whether a key exists",[249,32217,32218],{},"The built-in method help text",[14,32220,32221,32222,303],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[294,32223,11292],{"href":11104},[21,32225,1872],{"id":1871},[376,32227,12735,32229,32231],{"id":32228},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[33,32230,14987],{}," return a new dictionary?",[14,32233,32234,32235,303],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[33,32236,3822],{},[376,32238,12735,32240,32242],{"id":32239},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[33,32241,14987],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[14,32244,32245],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[376,32247,5210,32249,32251],{"id":32248},"can-update-add-new-keys",[33,32250,14987],{}," add new keys?",[14,32253,32254],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[376,32256,28363,32258,32260],{"id":32257},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[33,32259,14987],{}," with a list?",[14,32262,32263,32264,303],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[33,32265,11125],{},[376,32267,5220,32269,32271],{"id":32268},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[33,32270,14987],{}," and assigning one key?",[14,32273,32274,32275,32277],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[33,32276,14987],{}," can change many keys at once.",[21,32279,1923],{"id":1922},[246,32281,32282,32286,32290,32295,32299],{},[249,32283,32284],{},[294,32285,26129],{"href":9422},[249,32287,32288],{},[294,32289,11281],{"href":10761},[249,32291,32292],{},[294,32293,32294],{"href":31119},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[249,32296,32297],{},[294,32298,21489],{"href":16626},[249,32300,32301],{},[294,32302,11292],{"href":11104},[1962,32304,32305],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":32307},[32308,32309,32311,32312,32314,32316,32317,32318,32320,32321,32333],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":30553,"depth":72,"text":32310},"What update() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":30912,"depth":72,"text":32313},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31123,"depth":72,"text":32315},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31364,"depth":72,"text":31365},{"id":17448,"depth":72,"text":17449},{"id":31847,"depth":72,"text":32319},"When to use update()",{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":32322},[32323,32325,32327,32329,32331],{"id":32228,"depth":118,"text":32324},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32239,"depth":118,"text":32326},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32248,"depth":118,"text":32328},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32257,"depth":118,"text":32330},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32268,"depth":118,"text":32332},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30431,"description":32334},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32340,"title":32341,"body":32342,"description":34330,"extension":2009,"meta":34331,"navigation":134,"path":22927,"seo":34332,"stem":34333,"__hash__":34334},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32343,"toc":34293},[32344,32349,32356,32359,32361,32460,32462,32517,32522,32527,32541,32546,32548,32563,32565,32579,32592,32597,32603,32610,32612,32719,32721,32770,32776,32851,32853,32874,32876,32879,32984,32986,33041,33043,33071,33075,33080,33159,33161,33181,33183,33194,33204,33208,33213,33316,33318,33343,33346,33357,33362,33371,33374,33391,33393,33480,33482,33545,33547,33570,33572,33577,33583,33588,33590,33629,33635,33638,33657,33668,33674,33677,33750,33752,33771,33776,33779,33802,33808,33811,33875,33878,33955,33962,33965,34024,34030,34032,34051,34055,34058,34109,34112,34132,34134,34195,34197,34202,34207,34212,34217,34222,34227,34233,34236,34245,34253,34255,34290],[10,32345,11348,32347,11352],{"id":32346},"python-dictionary-values-method",[33,32348,17101],{},[14,32350,32351,32352,32355],{},"The Python ",[33,32353,32354],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[14,32357,32358],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[21,32360,2051],{"id":2050},[26,32362,32364],{"className":28,"code":32363,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[33,32365,32366,32418,32432,32436,32446],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,32367,32368,32370,32372,32374,32376,32378,32380,32382,32384,32386,32388,32390,32392,32394,32396,32398,32400,32402,32404,32406,32408,32410,32412,32414,32416],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,32369,12895],{"class":42},[36,32371,47],{"class":46},[36,32373,51],{"class":50},[36,32375,88],{"class":87},[36,32377,1250],{"class":91},[36,32379,88],{"class":87},[36,32381,1213],{"class":50},[36,32383,99],{"class":87},[36,32385,12912],{"class":91},[36,32387,88],{"class":87},[36,32389,58],{"class":50},[36,32391,99],{"class":87},[36,32393,9331],{"class":91},[36,32395,88],{"class":87},[36,32397,1213],{"class":50},[36,32399,636],{"class":54},[36,32401,58],{"class":50},[36,32403,99],{"class":87},[36,32405,10439],{"class":91},[36,32407,88],{"class":87},[36,32409,1213],{"class":50},[36,32411,99],{"class":87},[36,32413,16060],{"class":91},[36,32415,88],{"class":87},[36,32417,69],{"class":50},[36,32419,32420,32422,32424,32426,32428,32430],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,32421,621],{"class":42},[36,32423,47],{"class":46},[36,32425,12938],{"class":42},[36,32427,303],{"class":50},[36,32429,656],{"class":148},[36,32431,128],{"class":50},[36,32433,32434],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,32435,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,32437,32438,32440,32442,32444],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,32439,142],{"class":141},[36,32441,145],{"class":50},[36,32443,656],{"class":148},[36,32445,152],{"class":50},[36,32447,32448,32450,32452,32454,32456,32458],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,32449,142],{"class":141},[36,32451,145],{"class":50},[36,32453,1225],{"class":80},[36,32455,145],{"class":50},[36,32457,656],{"class":148},[36,32459,445],{"class":50},[14,32461,182],{},[26,32463,32465],{"className":28,"code":32464,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[33,32466,32467,32493],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,32468,32469,32471,32473,32475,32477,32479,32481,32483,32485,32487,32489,32491],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,32470,17067],{"class":148},[36,32472,84],{"class":50},[36,32474,211],{"class":87},[36,32476,12912],{"class":91},[36,32478,211],{"class":87},[36,32480,58],{"class":50},[36,32482,636],{"class":54},[36,32484,58],{"class":50},[36,32486,220],{"class":87},[36,32488,16060],{"class":91},[36,32490,211],{"class":87},[36,32492,115],{"class":50},[36,32494,32495,32497,32499,32501,32503,32505,32507,32509,32511,32513,32515],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,32496,3941],{"class":50},[36,32498,211],{"class":87},[36,32500,12912],{"class":91},[36,32502,211],{"class":87},[36,32504,58],{"class":50},[36,32506,636],{"class":54},[36,32508,58],{"class":50},[36,32510,220],{"class":87},[36,32512,16060],{"class":91},[36,32514,211],{"class":87},[36,32516,1355],{"class":50},[14,32518,32519,32521],{},[33,32520,17101],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[21,32523,3720,32525,3723],{"id":32524},"what-values-does",[33,32526,17101],{},[246,32528,32529,32532,32535,32538],{},[249,32530,32531],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[249,32533,32534],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[249,32536,32537],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[249,32539,32540],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[14,32542,32543,32544,303],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[294,32545,9423],{"href":9422},[21,32547,2205],{"id":2204},[26,32549,32551],{"className":28,"code":32550,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_dict.values()\n",[33,32552,32553],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,32554,32555,32557,32559,32561],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,32556,1747],{"class":42},[36,32558,303],{"class":50},[36,32560,656],{"class":148},[36,32562,128],{"class":50},[14,32564,13084],{},[246,32566,32567,32571,32574],{},[249,32568,32569,11495],{},[33,32570,17101],{},[249,32572,32573],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[249,32575,32576,32577],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[33,32578,17101],{},[14,32580,32581,32582,482,32587,303],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[294,32583,32584,32586],{"href":17092},[33,32585,17095],{}," for dictionary keys",[294,32588,32589,32591],{"href":17105},[33,32590,17108],{}," for key-value pairs",[21,32593,3720,32595,11736],{"id":32594},"what-values-returns",[33,32596,17101],{},[14,32598,32599,22007,32601,24797],{},[33,32600,17101],{},[33,32602,17067],{},[14,32604,32605,32606,32609],{},"This object is a ",[180,32607,32608],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[14,32611,2257],{},[26,32613,32615],{"className":28,"code":32614,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[33,32616,32617,32653,32657,32672,32683,32687,32709],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,32618,32619,32621,32623,32625,32627,32629,32631,32633,32635,32637,32639,32641,32643,32645,32647,32649,32651],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,32620,13237],{"class":42},[36,32622,47],{"class":46},[36,32624,51],{"class":50},[36,32626,88],{"class":87},[36,32628,1250],{"class":91},[36,32630,88],{"class":87},[36,32632,1213],{"class":50},[36,32634,99],{"class":87},[36,32636,7957],{"class":91},[36,32638,88],{"class":87},[36,32640,58],{"class":50},[36,32642,99],{"class":87},[36,32644,9331],{"class":91},[36,32646,88],{"class":87},[36,32648,1213],{"class":50},[36,32650,9338],{"class":54},[36,32652,69],{"class":50},[36,32654,32655],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,32656,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,32658,32659,32662,32664,32666,32668,32670],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,32660,32661],{"class":42},"values_view ",[36,32663,47],{"class":46},[36,32665,13280],{"class":42},[36,32667,303],{"class":50},[36,32669,656],{"class":148},[36,32671,128],{"class":50},[36,32673,32674,32676,32678,32681],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,32675,142],{"class":141},[36,32677,145],{"class":50},[36,32679,32680],{"class":148},"values_view",[36,32682,152],{"class":50},[36,32684,32685],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,32686,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,32688,32689,32691,32693,32695,32697,32699,32701,32703,32705,32707],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,32690,17337],{"class":42},[36,32692,3941],{"class":50},[36,32694,88],{"class":87},[36,32696,10439],{"class":91},[36,32698,88],{"class":87},[36,32700,13306],{"class":50},[36,32702,13309],{"class":46},[36,32704,99],{"class":87},[36,32706,30676],{"class":91},[36,32708,3403],{"class":87},[36,32710,32711,32713,32715,32717],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,32712,142],{"class":141},[36,32714,145],{"class":50},[36,32716,32680],{"class":148},[36,32718,152],{"class":50},[14,32720,182],{},[26,32722,32724],{"className":28,"code":32723,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[33,32725,32726,32744],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,32727,32728,32730,32732,32734,32736,32738,32740,32742],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,32729,17067],{"class":148},[36,32731,84],{"class":50},[36,32733,211],{"class":87},[36,32735,7957],{"class":91},[36,32737,211],{"class":87},[36,32739,58],{"class":50},[36,32741,9338],{"class":54},[36,32743,115],{"class":50},[36,32745,32746,32748,32750,32752,32754,32756,32758,32760,32762,32764,32766,32768],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,32747,17067],{"class":148},[36,32749,84],{"class":50},[36,32751,211],{"class":87},[36,32753,7957],{"class":91},[36,32755,211],{"class":87},[36,32757,58],{"class":50},[36,32759,9338],{"class":54},[36,32761,58],{"class":50},[36,32763,220],{"class":87},[36,32765,30676],{"class":91},[36,32767,211],{"class":87},[36,32769,115],{"class":50},[14,32771,32772,32773,303],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[33,32774,32775],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[26,32777,32779],{"className":28,"code":32778,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[33,32780,32781,32817,32836,32840],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,32782,32783,32785,32787,32789,32791,32793,32795,32797,32799,32801,32803,32805,32807,32809,32811,32813,32815],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,32784,13237],{"class":42},[36,32786,47],{"class":46},[36,32788,51],{"class":50},[36,32790,88],{"class":87},[36,32792,1250],{"class":91},[36,32794,88],{"class":87},[36,32796,1213],{"class":50},[36,32798,99],{"class":87},[36,32800,7957],{"class":91},[36,32802,88],{"class":87},[36,32804,58],{"class":50},[36,32806,99],{"class":87},[36,32808,9331],{"class":91},[36,32810,88],{"class":87},[36,32812,1213],{"class":50},[36,32814,9338],{"class":54},[36,32816,69],{"class":50},[36,32818,32819,32822,32824,32826,32828,32830,32832,32834],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,32820,32821],{"class":42},"values_list ",[36,32823,47],{"class":46},[36,32825,22592],{"class":80},[36,32827,145],{"class":50},[36,32829,17337],{"class":148},[36,32831,303],{"class":50},[36,32833,656],{"class":148},[36,32835,1847],{"class":50},[36,32837,32838],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,32839,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,32841,32842,32844,32846,32849],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,32843,142],{"class":141},[36,32845,145],{"class":50},[36,32847,32848],{"class":148},"values_list",[36,32850,152],{"class":50},[14,32852,182],{},[26,32854,32856],{"className":28,"code":32855,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['Mia', 25]\n",[33,32857,32858],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,32859,32860,32862,32864,32866,32868,32870,32872],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,32861,3941],{"class":50},[36,32863,211],{"class":87},[36,32865,7957],{"class":91},[36,32867,211],{"class":87},[36,32869,58],{"class":50},[36,32871,9338],{"class":54},[36,32873,1355],{"class":50},[21,32875,11505],{"id":11504},[14,32877,32878],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[26,32880,32882],{"className":28,"code":32881,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[33,32883,32884,32938,32942,32956,32960,32970],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,32885,32886,32888,32890,32892,32894,32896,32898,32900,32902,32904,32906,32908,32910,32912,32914,32916,32919,32921,32923,32926,32928,32930,32932,32934,32936],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,32887,24829],{"class":42},[36,32889,47],{"class":46},[36,32891,51],{"class":50},[36,32893,88],{"class":87},[36,32895,24838],{"class":91},[36,32897,88],{"class":87},[36,32899,1213],{"class":50},[36,32901,99],{"class":87},[36,32903,24847],{"class":91},[36,32905,88],{"class":87},[36,32907,58],{"class":50},[36,32909,99],{"class":87},[36,32911,24856],{"class":91},[36,32913,88],{"class":87},[36,32915,1213],{"class":50},[36,32917,32918],{"class":54}," 2022",[36,32920,58],{"class":50},[36,32922,99],{"class":87},[36,32924,32925],{"class":91},"color",[36,32927,88],{"class":87},[36,32929,1213],{"class":50},[36,32931,99],{"class":87},[36,32933,13142],{"class":91},[36,32935,88],{"class":87},[36,32937,69],{"class":50},[36,32939,32940],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,32941,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,32943,32944,32946,32948,32950,32952,32954],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,32945,2280],{"class":42},[36,32947,47],{"class":46},[36,32949,24878],{"class":42},[36,32951,303],{"class":50},[36,32953,656],{"class":148},[36,32955,128],{"class":50},[36,32957,32958],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,32959,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,32961,32962,32964,32966,32968],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,32963,142],{"class":141},[36,32965,145],{"class":50},[36,32967,2315],{"class":148},[36,32969,152],{"class":50},[36,32971,32972,32974,32976,32978,32980,32982],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,32973,142],{"class":141},[36,32975,145],{"class":50},[36,32977,1225],{"class":80},[36,32979,145],{"class":50},[36,32981,2315],{"class":148},[36,32983,445],{"class":50},[14,32985,182],{},[26,32987,32989],{"className":28,"code":32988,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[33,32990,32991,33017],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,32992,32993,32995,32997,32999,33001,33003,33005,33007,33009,33011,33013,33015],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,32994,17067],{"class":148},[36,32996,84],{"class":50},[36,32998,211],{"class":87},[36,33000,24847],{"class":91},[36,33002,211],{"class":87},[36,33004,58],{"class":50},[36,33006,32918],{"class":54},[36,33008,58],{"class":50},[36,33010,220],{"class":87},[36,33012,13142],{"class":91},[36,33014,211],{"class":87},[36,33016,115],{"class":50},[36,33018,33019,33021,33023,33025,33027,33029,33031,33033,33035,33037,33039],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,33020,3941],{"class":50},[36,33022,211],{"class":87},[36,33024,24847],{"class":91},[36,33026,211],{"class":87},[36,33028,58],{"class":50},[36,33030,32918],{"class":54},[36,33032,58],{"class":50},[36,33034,220],{"class":87},[36,33036,13142],{"class":91},[36,33038,211],{"class":87},[36,33040,1355],{"class":50},[14,33042,11714],{},[246,33044,33045,33051,33057,33065],{},[249,33046,33047,33050],{},[33,33048,33049],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[249,33052,33053,33056],{},[33,33054,33055],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[249,33058,33059,33062,33063,24650],{},[33,33060,33061],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[33,33064,17067],{},[249,33066,33067,33070],{},[33,33068,33069],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[21,33072,33074],{"id":33073},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[14,33076,33077,33078,26098],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[33,33079,5997],{},[26,33081,33083],{"className":28,"code":33082,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[33,33084,33085,33129,33133,33149],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,33086,33087,33089,33091,33093,33095,33097,33099,33101,33103,33105,33107,33109,33111,33113,33115,33117,33119,33121,33123,33125,33127],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,33088,5103],{"class":42},[36,33090,47],{"class":46},[36,33092,51],{"class":50},[36,33094,88],{"class":87},[36,33096,18448],{"class":91},[36,33098,88],{"class":87},[36,33100,1213],{"class":50},[36,33102,19930],{"class":54},[36,33104,58],{"class":50},[36,33106,99],{"class":87},[36,33108,31186],{"class":91},[36,33110,88],{"class":87},[36,33112,1213],{"class":50},[36,33114,13540],{"class":54},[36,33116,58],{"class":50},[36,33118,99],{"class":87},[36,33120,18457],{"class":91},[36,33122,88],{"class":87},[36,33124,1213],{"class":50},[36,33126,28955],{"class":54},[36,33128,69],{"class":50},[36,33130,33131],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,33132,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,33134,33135,33137,33139,33141,33143,33145,33147],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,33136,5997],{"class":3917},[36,33138,21616],{"class":42},[36,33140,3924],{"class":3917},[36,33142,5150],{"class":42},[36,33144,303],{"class":50},[36,33146,656],{"class":148},[36,33148,21627],{"class":50},[36,33150,33151,33153,33155,33157],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,33152,8105],{"class":141},[36,33154,145],{"class":50},[36,33156,1495],{"class":148},[36,33158,152],{"class":50},[14,33160,182],{},[26,33162,33164],{"className":28,"code":33163,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"90\n85\n88\n",[33,33165,33166,33171,33176],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,33167,33168],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,33169,33170],{"class":54},"90\n",[36,33172,33173],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,33174,33175],{"class":54},"85\n",[36,33177,33178],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,33179,33180],{"class":54},"88\n",[14,33182,17741],{},[246,33184,33185,33188,33191],{},[249,33186,33187],{},"You only need the values",[249,33189,33190],{},"You do not care about the keys",[249,33192,33193],{},"You want simpler code",[14,33195,33196,33197,298,33201,303],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[294,33198,10767,33199,1939],{"href":17105},[33,33200,17108],{},[294,33202,22507],{"href":33203},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[21,33205,33207],{"id":33206},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[14,33209,495,33210,33212],{},[33,33211,32775],{}," when you need a list.",[26,33214,33216],{"className":28,"code":33215,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[33,33217,33218,33263,33267,33287,33291,33302],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,33219,33220,33223,33225,33227,33229,33231,33233,33235,33237,33239,33241,33243,33245,33247,33249,33251,33253,33255,33257,33259,33261],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,33221,33222],{"class":42},"fruit_prices ",[36,33224,47],{"class":46},[36,33226,51],{"class":50},[36,33228,88],{"class":87},[36,33230,92],{"class":91},[36,33232,88],{"class":87},[36,33234,1213],{"class":50},[36,33236,61],{"class":54},[36,33238,58],{"class":50},[36,33240,99],{"class":87},[36,33242,102],{"class":91},[36,33244,88],{"class":87},[36,33246,1213],{"class":50},[36,33248,1340],{"class":54},[36,33250,58],{"class":50},[36,33252,99],{"class":87},[36,33254,1005],{"class":91},[36,33256,88],{"class":87},[36,33258,1213],{"class":50},[36,33260,66],{"class":54},[36,33262,69],{"class":50},[36,33264,33265],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,33266,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,33268,33269,33272,33274,33276,33278,33281,33283,33285],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,33270,33271],{"class":42},"price_list ",[36,33273,47],{"class":46},[36,33275,22592],{"class":80},[36,33277,145],{"class":50},[36,33279,33280],{"class":148},"fruit_prices",[36,33282,303],{"class":50},[36,33284,656],{"class":148},[36,33286,1847],{"class":50},[36,33288,33289],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,33290,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,33292,33293,33295,33297,33300],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,33294,142],{"class":141},[36,33296,145],{"class":50},[36,33298,33299],{"class":148},"price_list",[36,33301,152],{"class":50},[36,33303,33304,33306,33308,33310,33312,33314],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,33305,142],{"class":141},[36,33307,145],{"class":50},[36,33309,33299],{"class":148},[36,33311,3941],{"class":50},[36,33313,2166],{"class":54},[36,33315,115],{"class":50},[14,33317,182],{},[26,33319,33321],{"className":28,"code":33320,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[33,33322,33323,33339],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,33324,33325,33327,33329,33331,33333,33335,33337],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,33326,3941],{"class":50},[36,33328,481],{"class":54},[36,33330,58],{"class":50},[36,33332,1340],{"class":54},[36,33334,58],{"class":50},[36,33336,66],{"class":54},[36,33338,1355],{"class":50},[36,33340,33341],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,33342,17086],{"class":54},[14,33344,33345],{},"This is helpful for:",[246,33347,33348,33351,33354],{},[249,33349,33350],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[249,33352,33353],{},"Accessing values by index",[249,33355,33356],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[14,33358,3965,33359,33361],{},[33,33360,17067],{}," is not the same as a list.",[21,33363,33365,10615,33367,10615,33369],{"id":33364},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[33,33366,17101],{},[33,33368,17095],{},[33,33370,17108],{},[14,33372,33373],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[246,33375,33376,33381,33386],{},[249,33377,33378,33380],{},[33,33379,17101],{}," returns only the values",[249,33382,33383,33385],{},[33,33384,17095],{}," returns only the keys",[249,33387,33388,33390],{},[33,33389,17108],{}," returns key-value pairs",[14,33392,2172],{},[26,33394,33396],{"className":28,"code":33395,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[33,33397,33398,33434,33438,33452,33466],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,33399,33400,33402,33404,33406,33408,33410,33412,33414,33416,33418,33420,33422,33424,33426,33428,33430,33432],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,33401,12895],{"class":42},[36,33403,47],{"class":46},[36,33405,51],{"class":50},[36,33407,88],{"class":87},[36,33409,1250],{"class":91},[36,33411,88],{"class":87},[36,33413,1213],{"class":50},[36,33415,99],{"class":87},[36,33417,12912],{"class":91},[36,33419,88],{"class":87},[36,33421,58],{"class":50},[36,33423,99],{"class":87},[36,33425,9331],{"class":91},[36,33427,88],{"class":87},[36,33429,1213],{"class":50},[36,33431,636],{"class":54},[36,33433,69],{"class":50},[36,33435,33436],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,33437,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,33439,33440,33442,33444,33446,33448,33450],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,33441,142],{"class":141},[36,33443,145],{"class":50},[36,33445,13659],{"class":148},[36,33447,303],{"class":50},[36,33449,16953],{"class":148},[36,33451,1847],{"class":50},[36,33453,33454,33456,33458,33460,33462,33464],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,33455,142],{"class":141},[36,33457,145],{"class":50},[36,33459,13659],{"class":148},[36,33461,303],{"class":50},[36,33463,656],{"class":148},[36,33465,1847],{"class":50},[36,33467,33468,33470,33472,33474,33476,33478],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,33469,142],{"class":141},[36,33471,145],{"class":50},[36,33473,13659],{"class":148},[36,33475,303],{"class":50},[36,33477,1369],{"class":148},[36,33479,1847],{"class":50},[14,33481,182],{},[26,33483,33485],{"className":28,"code":33484,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[33,33486,33487,33509,33527],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,33488,33489,33491,33493,33495,33497,33499,33501,33503,33505,33507],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,33490,17044],{"class":148},[36,33492,84],{"class":50},[36,33494,211],{"class":87},[36,33496,1250],{"class":91},[36,33498,211],{"class":87},[36,33500,58],{"class":50},[36,33502,220],{"class":87},[36,33504,9331],{"class":91},[36,33506,211],{"class":87},[36,33508,115],{"class":50},[36,33510,33511,33513,33515,33517,33519,33521,33523,33525],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,33512,17067],{"class":148},[36,33514,84],{"class":50},[36,33516,211],{"class":87},[36,33518,12912],{"class":91},[36,33520,211],{"class":87},[36,33522,58],{"class":50},[36,33524,636],{"class":54},[36,33526,115],{"class":50},[36,33528,33529,33531,33533,33535,33537,33539,33541,33543],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,33530,21940],{"class":148},[36,33532,9688],{"class":50},[36,33534,211],{"class":87},[36,33536,1250],{"class":91},[36,33538,211],{"class":87},[36,33540,58],{"class":50},[36,33542,636],{"class":54},[36,33544,10709],{"class":50},[14,33546,18726],{},[246,33548,33549,33556,33563],{},[249,33550,33551,33555],{},[294,33552,33553],{"href":17092},[33,33554,17095],{}," when you need just the keys",[249,33557,33558,33562],{},[294,33559,33560],{"href":17098},[33,33561,17101],{}," when you need just the values",[249,33564,33565,33569],{},[294,33566,33567],{"href":17105},[33,33568,17108],{}," when you need both",[21,33571,4557],{"id":4556},[14,33573,33574,33575,303],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[33,33576,17101],{},[376,33578,29685,33580,33582],{"id":33579},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[33,33581,17101],{}," on the wrong type",[14,33584,33585,33587],{},[33,33586,17101],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[14,33589,16673],{},[26,33591,33593],{"className":28,"code":33592,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[33,33594,33595,33615],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,33596,33597,33599,33601,33603,33605,33607,33609,33611,33613],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,33598,8344],{"class":42},[36,33600,47],{"class":46},[36,33602,1333],{"class":50},[36,33604,55],{"class":54},[36,33606,58],{"class":50},[36,33608,61],{"class":54},[36,33610,58],{"class":50},[36,33612,66],{"class":54},[36,33614,1355],{"class":50},[36,33616,33617,33619,33621,33623,33625,33627],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,33618,142],{"class":141},[36,33620,145],{"class":50},[36,33622,8375],{"class":148},[36,33624,303],{"class":50},[36,33626,656],{"class":148},[36,33628,1847],{"class":50},[14,33630,33631,33632,33634],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[33,33633,17101],{}," method.",[14,33636,33637],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[26,33639,33641],{"className":28,"code":33640,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(type(my_list))\n",[33,33642,33643],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,33644,33645,33647,33649,33651,33653,33655],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,33646,142],{"class":141},[36,33648,145],{"class":50},[36,33650,818],{"class":80},[36,33652,145],{"class":50},[36,33654,8375],{"class":148},[36,33656,445],{"class":50},[14,33658,33659,33660,33662,33663,303],{},"If you get an ",[33,33661,25705],{},", see ",[294,33664,25713,33665,33667],{"href":25712},[33,33666,25716],{}," errors",[376,33669,4618,33671,33673],{"id":33670},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[33,33672,17101],{}," returns a list",[14,33675,33676],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[26,33678,33680],{"className":28,"code":33679,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[33,33681,33682,33718,33732,33736],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,33683,33684,33686,33688,33690,33692,33694,33696,33698,33700,33702,33704,33706,33708,33710,33712,33714,33716],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,33685,12895],{"class":42},[36,33687,47],{"class":46},[36,33689,51],{"class":50},[36,33691,88],{"class":87},[36,33693,1250],{"class":91},[36,33695,88],{"class":87},[36,33697,1213],{"class":50},[36,33699,99],{"class":87},[36,33701,12912],{"class":91},[36,33703,88],{"class":87},[36,33705,58],{"class":50},[36,33707,99],{"class":87},[36,33709,9331],{"class":91},[36,33711,88],{"class":87},[36,33713,1213],{"class":50},[36,33715,636],{"class":54},[36,33717,69],{"class":50},[36,33719,33720,33722,33724,33726,33728,33730],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,33721,621],{"class":42},[36,33723,47],{"class":46},[36,33725,12938],{"class":42},[36,33727,303],{"class":50},[36,33729,656],{"class":148},[36,33731,128],{"class":50},[36,33733,33734],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,33735,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,33737,33738,33740,33742,33744,33746,33748],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,33739,142],{"class":141},[36,33741,145],{"class":50},[36,33743,818],{"class":80},[36,33745,145],{"class":50},[36,33747,656],{"class":148},[36,33749,445],{"class":50},[14,33751,182],{},[26,33753,33755],{"className":28,"code":33754,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[33,33756,33757],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,33758,33759,33761,33763,33765,33767,33769],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,33760,844],{"class":46},[36,33762,848],{"class":847},[36,33764,220],{"class":87},[36,33766,17067],{"class":91},[36,33768,211],{"class":87},[36,33770,857],{"class":46},[14,33772,5188,33773,33775],{},[33,33774,17067],{},", not a list.",[14,33777,33778],{},"If you need a list:",[26,33780,33782],{"className":28,"code":33781,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = list(student.values())\n",[33,33783,33784],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,33785,33786,33788,33790,33792,33794,33796,33798,33800],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,33787,621],{"class":42},[36,33789,47],{"class":46},[36,33791,22592],{"class":80},[36,33793,145],{"class":50},[36,33795,13659],{"class":148},[36,33797,303],{"class":50},[36,33799,656],{"class":148},[36,33801,1847],{"class":50},[376,33803,33805,33806],{"id":33804},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[33,33807,17067],{},[14,33809,33810],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[26,33812,33814],{"className":28,"code":33813,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[33,33815,33816,33852,33866,33870],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,33817,33818,33820,33822,33824,33826,33828,33830,33832,33834,33836,33838,33840,33842,33844,33846,33848,33850],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,33819,12895],{"class":42},[36,33821,47],{"class":46},[36,33823,51],{"class":50},[36,33825,88],{"class":87},[36,33827,1250],{"class":91},[36,33829,88],{"class":87},[36,33831,1213],{"class":50},[36,33833,99],{"class":87},[36,33835,12912],{"class":91},[36,33837,88],{"class":87},[36,33839,58],{"class":50},[36,33841,99],{"class":87},[36,33843,9331],{"class":91},[36,33845,88],{"class":87},[36,33847,1213],{"class":50},[36,33849,636],{"class":54},[36,33851,69],{"class":50},[36,33853,33854,33856,33858,33860,33862,33864],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,33855,621],{"class":42},[36,33857,47],{"class":46},[36,33859,12938],{"class":42},[36,33861,303],{"class":50},[36,33863,656],{"class":148},[36,33865,128],{"class":50},[36,33867,33868],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,33869,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,33871,33872],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,33873,33874],{"class":1617},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[14,33876,33877],{},"Convert to a list first:",[26,33879,33881],{"className":28,"code":33880,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[33,33882,33883,33919,33937,33941],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,33884,33885,33887,33889,33891,33893,33895,33897,33899,33901,33903,33905,33907,33909,33911,33913,33915,33917],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,33886,12895],{"class":42},[36,33888,47],{"class":46},[36,33890,51],{"class":50},[36,33892,88],{"class":87},[36,33894,1250],{"class":91},[36,33896,88],{"class":87},[36,33898,1213],{"class":50},[36,33900,99],{"class":87},[36,33902,12912],{"class":91},[36,33904,88],{"class":87},[36,33906,58],{"class":50},[36,33908,99],{"class":87},[36,33910,9331],{"class":91},[36,33912,88],{"class":87},[36,33914,1213],{"class":50},[36,33916,636],{"class":54},[36,33918,69],{"class":50},[36,33920,33921,33923,33925,33927,33929,33931,33933,33935],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,33922,621],{"class":42},[36,33924,47],{"class":46},[36,33926,22592],{"class":80},[36,33928,145],{"class":50},[36,33930,13659],{"class":148},[36,33932,303],{"class":50},[36,33934,656],{"class":148},[36,33936,1847],{"class":50},[36,33938,33939],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,33940,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,33942,33943,33945,33947,33949,33951,33953],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,33944,142],{"class":141},[36,33946,145],{"class":50},[36,33948,656],{"class":148},[36,33950,3941],{"class":50},[36,33952,2166],{"class":54},[36,33954,115],{"class":50},[376,33956,1462,33958,11122,33960],{"id":33957},"using-values-instead-of-values",[33,33959,656],{},[33,33961,17101],{},[14,33963,33964],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[26,33966,33968],{"className":28,"code":33967,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[33,33969,33970,34006,34010],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,33971,33972,33974,33976,33978,33980,33982,33984,33986,33988,33990,33992,33994,33996,33998,34000,34002,34004],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,33973,12895],{"class":42},[36,33975,47],{"class":46},[36,33977,51],{"class":50},[36,33979,88],{"class":87},[36,33981,1250],{"class":91},[36,33983,88],{"class":87},[36,33985,1213],{"class":50},[36,33987,99],{"class":87},[36,33989,12912],{"class":91},[36,33991,88],{"class":87},[36,33993,58],{"class":50},[36,33995,99],{"class":87},[36,33997,9331],{"class":91},[36,33999,88],{"class":87},[36,34001,1213],{"class":50},[36,34003,636],{"class":54},[36,34005,69],{"class":50},[36,34007,34008],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,34009,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,34011,34012,34014,34016,34018,34020,34022],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,34013,142],{"class":141},[36,34015,145],{"class":50},[36,34017,13659],{"class":148},[36,34019,303],{"class":50},[36,34021,656],{"class":24783},[36,34023,152],{"class":50},[14,34025,34026,34029],{},[33,34027,34028],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[14,34031,18726],{},[26,34033,34035],{"className":28,"code":34034,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(student.values())\n",[33,34036,34037],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,34038,34039,34041,34043,34045,34047,34049],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,34040,142],{"class":141},[36,34042,145],{"class":50},[36,34044,13659],{"class":148},[36,34046,303],{"class":50},[36,34048,656],{"class":148},[36,34050,1847],{"class":50},[376,34052,34054],{"id":34053},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[14,34056,34057],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[26,34059,34061],{"className":28,"code":34060,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[33,34062,34063,34095],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,34064,34065,34067,34069,34071,34073,34075,34077,34079,34081,34083,34085,34087,34089,34091,34093],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,34066,9200],{"class":42},[36,34068,47],{"class":46},[36,34070,51],{"class":50},[36,34072,88],{"class":87},[36,34074,294],{"class":91},[36,34076,88],{"class":87},[36,34078,1213],{"class":50},[36,34080,1340],{"class":54},[36,34082,58],{"class":50},[36,34084,99],{"class":87},[36,34086,1707],{"class":91},[36,34088,88],{"class":87},[36,34090,1213],{"class":50},[36,34092,61],{"class":54},[36,34094,69],{"class":50},[36,34096,34097,34099,34101,34103,34105,34107],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,34098,142],{"class":141},[36,34100,145],{"class":50},[36,34102,9239],{"class":148},[36,34104,303],{"class":50},[36,34106,656],{"class":148},[36,34108,1847],{"class":50},[14,34110,34111],{},"Not like this:",[26,34113,34115],{"className":28,"code":34114,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[33,34116,34117,34122,34127],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,34118,34119],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,34120,34121],{"class":1617},"# Wrong examples:\n",[36,34123,34124],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,34125,34126],{"class":1617},"# data().values()\n",[36,34128,34129],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,34130,34131],{"class":1617},"# values(data)\n",[14,34133,3384],{},[26,34135,34137],{"className":28,"code":34136,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[33,34138,34139,34153,34163,34177],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,34140,34141,34143,34145,34147,34149,34151],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,34142,142],{"class":141},[36,34144,145],{"class":50},[36,34146,818],{"class":80},[36,34148,145],{"class":50},[36,34150,1747],{"class":148},[36,34152,445],{"class":50},[36,34154,34155,34157,34159,34161],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,34156,142],{"class":141},[36,34158,145],{"class":50},[36,34160,1747],{"class":148},[36,34162,152],{"class":50},[36,34164,34165,34167,34169,34171,34173,34175],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,34166,142],{"class":141},[36,34168,145],{"class":50},[36,34170,1747],{"class":148},[36,34172,303],{"class":50},[36,34174,656],{"class":148},[36,34176,1847],{"class":50},[36,34178,34179,34181,34183,34185,34187,34189,34191,34193],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,34180,142],{"class":141},[36,34182,145],{"class":50},[36,34184,1225],{"class":80},[36,34186,145],{"class":50},[36,34188,1747],{"class":148},[36,34190,303],{"class":50},[36,34192,656],{"class":148},[36,34194,6329],{"class":50},[21,34196,1872],{"id":1871},[376,34198,5182,34200,5185],{"id":34199},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[33,34201,32354],{},[14,34203,17452,34204,34206],{},[33,34205,17067],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[376,34208,12735,34210,23964],{"id":34209},"does-values-return-a-list",[33,34211,17101],{},[14,34213,23967,34214,23971],{},[33,34215,34216],{},"list(...)",[376,34218,26090,34220,2541],{"id":34219},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[33,34221,32354],{},[14,34223,34224,34225,26098],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[33,34226,5997],{},[376,34228,12735,34230,34232],{"id":34229},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[33,34231,32354],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[14,34234,34235],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[376,34237,34239,34240,34242,34243,2541],{"id":34238},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[33,34241,17101],{}," different from ",[33,34244,17108],{},[14,34246,34247,34249,34250,34252],{},[33,34248,17101],{}," returns only values. ",[33,34251,17108],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[21,34254,1923],{"id":1922},[246,34256,34257,34263,34269,34273,34279,34283],{},[249,34258,34259],{},[294,34260,10767,34261,1939],{"href":17092},[33,34262,17095],{},[249,34264,34265],{},[294,34266,10767,34267,1939],{"href":17105},[33,34268,17108],{},[249,34270,34271],{},[294,34272,11272],{"href":9422},[249,34274,34275],{},[294,34276,34278],{"href":34277},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[249,34280,34281],{},[294,34282,24049],{"href":33203},[249,34284,34285],{},[294,34286,30381,34287],{"href":25712},[33,34288,34289],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1962,34291,34292],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":34294},[34295,34296,34298,34299,34301,34302,34303,34304,34306,34317,34329],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":32524,"depth":72,"text":34297},"What values() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":32594,"depth":72,"text":34300},"What values() returns",{"id":11504,"depth":72,"text":11505},{"id":33073,"depth":72,"text":33074},{"id":33206,"depth":72,"text":33207},{"id":33364,"depth":72,"text":34305},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4556,"depth":72,"text":4557,"children":34307},[34308,34310,34312,34314,34316],{"id":33579,"depth":118,"text":34309},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33670,"depth":118,"text":34311},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33804,"depth":118,"text":34313},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33957,"depth":118,"text":34315},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34053,"depth":118,"text":34054},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":34318},[34319,34321,34323,34325,34327],{"id":34199,"depth":118,"text":34320},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34209,"depth":118,"text":34322},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34219,"depth":118,"text":34324},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34229,"depth":118,"text":34326},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34238,"depth":118,"text":34328},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32341,"description":34330},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34336,"title":34337,"body":34338,"description":35769,"extension":2009,"meta":35770,"navigation":134,"path":35771,"seo":35772,"stem":35773,"__hash__":35774},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34339,"toc":35721},[34340,34346,34351,34354,34370,34379,34381,34413,34419,34422,34517,34520,34525,34530,34533,34544,34546,34560,34566,34568,34573,34579,34582,34621,34629,34634,34637,34682,34685,34697,34703,34709,34713,34746,34749,34767,34770,34774,34813,34815,34835,34838,34850,34855,34861,34864,34919,34922,34933,34936,34947,34950,34954,34960,34962,34992,34995,35010,35013,35016,35035,35038,35054,35063,35065,35096,35102,35107,35110,35117,35148,35151,35173,35176,35179,35193,35197,35228,35243,35250,35257,35261,35269,35273,35281,35284,35333,35344,35346,35349,35355,35360,35370,35374,35377,35380,35384,35387,35389,35410,35414,35420,35431,35437,35439,35445,35469,35472,35535,35538,35566,35569,35631,35633,35638,35641,35648,35656,35663,35666,35674,35680,35682,35709,35718],[10,34341,1935,34343,3624],{"id":34342},"python-dir-function-explained",[33,34344,34345],{},"dir()",[14,34347,32351,34348,34350],{},[33,34349,34345],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[14,34352,34353],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[246,34355,34356,34359,34362,34367],{},[249,34357,34358],{},"learning Python",[249,34360,34361],{},"exploring a new object",[249,34363,34364,34365],{},"debugging an ",[33,34366,25705],{},[249,34368,34369],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[14,34371,34372,34373,34375,34376],{},"In short, ",[33,34374,34345],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[180,34377,34378],{},"“What can I use here?”",[21,34380,2051],{"id":2050},[26,34382,34384],{"className":28,"code":34383,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[33,34385,34386,34398],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,34387,34388,34390,34392,34394,34396],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,34389,7912],{"class":42},[36,34391,47],{"class":46},[36,34393,99],{"class":87},[36,34395,708],{"class":91},[36,34397,3403],{"class":87},[36,34399,34400,34402,34404,34407,34409,34411],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,34401,142],{"class":141},[36,34403,145],{"class":50},[36,34405,34406],{"class":141},"dir",[36,34408,145],{"class":50},[36,34410,1250],{"class":148},[36,34412,445],{"class":50},[14,34414,495,34415,34418],{},[33,34416,34417],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[14,34420,34421],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[26,34423,34425],{"className":28,"code":34424,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[33,34426,34427],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,34428,34429,34431,34433,34436,34438,34440,34442,34445,34447,34449,34451,34454,34456,34458,34460,34463,34465,34467,34469,34472,34474,34476,34478,34481,34483,34485,34489,34491,34493,34495,34497,34499,34501,34504,34506,34508,34510,34513,34515],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,34430,3941],{"class":50},[36,34432,211],{"class":87},[36,34434,34435],{"class":91},"__add__",[36,34437,211],{"class":87},[36,34439,58],{"class":50},[36,34441,220],{"class":87},[36,34443,34444],{"class":91},"__class__",[36,34446,211],{"class":87},[36,34448,58],{"class":50},[36,34450,220],{"class":87},[36,34452,34453],{"class":91},"__contains__",[36,34455,211],{"class":87},[36,34457,58],{"class":50},[36,34459,220],{"class":87},[36,34461,34462],{"class":91},"__delattr__",[36,34464,211],{"class":87},[36,34466,58],{"class":50},[36,34468,220],{"class":87},[36,34470,34471],{"class":91},"__dir__",[36,34473,211],{"class":87},[36,34475,58],{"class":50},[36,34477,220],{"class":87},[36,34479,34480],{"class":91},"__doc__",[36,34482,211],{"class":87},[36,34484,58],{"class":50},[36,34486,34488],{"class":34487},"s_hVV"," ...",[36,34490,58],{"class":50},[36,34492,220],{"class":87},[36,34494,8677],{"class":91},[36,34496,211],{"class":87},[36,34498,58],{"class":50},[36,34500,220],{"class":87},[36,34502,34503],{"class":91},"split",[36,34505,211],{"class":87},[36,34507,58],{"class":50},[36,34509,220],{"class":87},[36,34511,34512],{"class":91},"upper",[36,34514,211],{"class":87},[36,34516,1355],{"class":50},[14,34518,34519],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[21,34521,3720,34523,3723],{"id":34522},"what-dir-does",[33,34524,34345],{},[14,34526,34527,34529],{},[33,34528,34345],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[14,34531,34532],{},"It usually includes:",[246,34534,34535,34538,34541],{},[249,34536,34537],{},"attributes",[249,34539,34540],{},"methods",[249,34542,34543],{},"special Python names",[14,34545,11488],{},[246,34547,34548,34554,34557],{},[249,34549,34550,34551],{},"The result is a ",[180,34552,34553],{},"list of strings",[249,34555,34556],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[249,34558,34559],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[14,34561,34562,34563,34565],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[33,34564,34345],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[21,34567,2205],{"id":2204},[14,34569,34570,34572],{},[33,34571,34345],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[376,34574,34576,34578],{"id":34575},"dir-with-no-argument",[33,34577,34345],{}," with no argument",[14,34580,34581],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[26,34583,34585],{"className":28,"code":34584,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[33,34586,34587,34595,34607,34611],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,34588,34589,34591,34593],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,34590,3072],{"class":42},[36,34592,47],{"class":46},[36,34594,2637],{"class":54},[36,34596,34597,34599,34601,34603,34605],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,34598,7912],{"class":42},[36,34600,47],{"class":46},[36,34602,99],{"class":87},[36,34604,1259],{"class":91},[36,34606,3403],{"class":87},[36,34608,34609],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,34610,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,34612,34613,34615,34617,34619],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,34614,142],{"class":141},[36,34616,145],{"class":50},[36,34618,34406],{"class":141},[36,34620,1847],{"class":50},[14,34622,34623,34624,482,34626,34628],{},"This will show names such as ",[33,34625,2222],{},[33,34627,1250],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[376,34630,34632],{"id":34631},"dirobject",[33,34633,34417],{},[14,34635,34636],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[26,34638,34640],{"className":28,"code":34639,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[33,34641,34642,34660],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,34643,34644,34646,34648,34650,34652,34654,34656,34658],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,34645,142],{"class":141},[36,34647,145],{"class":50},[36,34649,34406],{"class":141},[36,34651,145],{"class":50},[36,34653,88],{"class":87},[36,34655,708],{"class":91},[36,34657,88],{"class":87},[36,34659,445],{"class":50},[36,34661,34662,34664,34666,34668,34670,34672,34674,34676,34678,34680],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,34663,142],{"class":141},[36,34665,145],{"class":50},[36,34667,34406],{"class":141},[36,34669,84],{"class":50},[36,34671,55],{"class":54},[36,34673,58],{"class":50},[36,34675,61],{"class":54},[36,34677,58],{"class":50},[36,34679,66],{"class":54},[36,34681,3047],{"class":50},[14,34683,34684],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[246,34686,34687,34689,34691,34694],{},[249,34688,5350],{},[249,34690,5341],{},[249,34692,34693],{},"modules",[249,34695,34696],{},"custom objects",[21,34698,1462,34700,34702],{"id":34699},"using-dir-with-a-value",[33,34701,34345],{}," with a value",[14,34704,34705,34706,34708],{},"A common use of ",[33,34707,34345],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[376,34710,34712],{"id":34711},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[26,34714,34716],{"className":28,"code":34715,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[33,34717,34718,34731],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,34719,34720,34723,34725,34727,34729],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,34721,34722],{"class":42},"text ",[36,34724,47],{"class":46},[36,34726,99],{"class":87},[36,34728,708],{"class":91},[36,34730,3403],{"class":87},[36,34732,34733,34735,34737,34739,34741,34744],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,34734,142],{"class":141},[36,34736,145],{"class":50},[36,34738,34406],{"class":141},[36,34740,145],{"class":50},[36,34742,34743],{"class":148},"text",[36,34745,445],{"class":50},[14,34747,34748],{},"You will see method names like:",[246,34750,34751,34755,34759,34763],{},[249,34752,34753],{},[33,34754,8677],{},[249,34756,34757],{},[33,34758,34512],{},[249,34760,34761],{},[33,34762,34503],{},[249,34764,34765],{},[33,34766,8671],{},[14,34768,34769],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[376,34771,34773],{"id":34772},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[26,34775,34777],{"className":28,"code":34776,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[33,34778,34779,34799],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,34780,34781,34783,34785,34787,34789,34791,34793,34795,34797],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,34782,43],{"class":42},[36,34784,47],{"class":46},[36,34786,1333],{"class":50},[36,34788,55],{"class":54},[36,34790,58],{"class":50},[36,34792,61],{"class":54},[36,34794,58],{"class":50},[36,34796,66],{"class":54},[36,34798,1355],{"class":50},[36,34800,34801,34803,34805,34807,34809,34811],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,34802,142],{"class":141},[36,34804,145],{"class":50},[36,34806,34406],{"class":141},[36,34808,145],{"class":50},[36,34810,149],{"class":148},[36,34812,445],{"class":50},[14,34814,34748],{},[246,34816,34817,34821,34825,34830],{},[249,34818,34819],{},[33,34820,13586],{},[249,34822,34823],{},[33,34824,26275],{},[249,34826,34827],{},[33,34828,34829],{},"remove",[249,34831,34832],{},[33,34833,34834],{},"sort",[14,34836,34837],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[14,34839,34840,34841,34846,34847,34849],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[294,34842,34844],{"href":34843},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[33,34845,2353],{}," can help first. Then ",[33,34848,34345],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[21,34851,1462,34853,34578],{"id":34852},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[33,34854,34345],{},[14,34856,34857,34858,34860],{},"When used with no argument, ",[33,34859,34345],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[14,34862,34863],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[26,34865,34867],{"className":28,"code":34866,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[33,34868,34869,34878,34882,34893,34905,34909],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,34870,34871,34873,34875],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,34872,3072],{"class":42},[36,34874,47],{"class":46},[36,34876,34877],{"class":54}," 5\n",[36,34879,34880],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,34881,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,34883,34884,34887,34891],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,34885,34886],{"class":847},"def",[36,34888,34890],{"class":34889},"sGLFI"," greet",[36,34892,21627],{"class":50},[36,34894,34895,34898,34900,34903],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,34896,34897],{"class":3917},"    return",[36,34899,99],{"class":87},[36,34901,34902],{"class":91},"Hello",[36,34904,3403],{"class":87},[36,34906,34907],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,34908,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,34910,34911,34913,34915,34917],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,34912,142],{"class":141},[36,34914,145],{"class":50},[36,34916,34406],{"class":141},[36,34918,1847],{"class":50},[14,34920,34921],{},"The output will include names like:",[246,34923,34924,34928],{},[249,34925,34926],{},[33,34927,2222],{},[249,34929,34930],{},[33,34931,34932],{},"greet",[14,34934,34935],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[246,34937,34938,34941,34944],{},[249,34939,34940],{},"what variables exist",[249,34942,34943],{},"what functions you have defined",[249,34945,34946],{},"what names are currently available",[14,34948,34949],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[21,34951,34953],{"id":34952},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[14,34955,34956,34957,34959],{},"When you first use ",[33,34958,34345],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[14,34961,2257],{},[26,34963,34964],{"className":28,"code":34715,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,34965,34966,34978],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,34967,34968,34970,34972,34974,34976],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,34969,34722],{"class":42},[36,34971,47],{"class":46},[36,34973,99],{"class":87},[36,34975,708],{"class":91},[36,34977,3403],{"class":87},[36,34979,34980,34982,34984,34986,34988,34990],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,34981,142],{"class":141},[36,34983,145],{"class":50},[36,34985,34406],{"class":141},[36,34987,145],{"class":50},[36,34989,34743],{"class":148},[36,34991,445],{"class":50},[14,34993,34994],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[246,34996,34997,35001,35005],{},[249,34998,34999],{},[33,35000,34444],{},[249,35002,35003],{},[33,35004,34480],{},[249,35006,35007],{},[33,35008,35009],{},"__len__",[14,35011,35012],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[14,35014,35015],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[246,35017,35018,35022,35026,35030],{},[249,35019,35020],{},[33,35021,34512],{},[249,35023,35024],{},[33,35025,8677],{},[249,35027,35028],{},[33,35029,34503],{},[249,35031,35032],{},[33,35033,35034],{},"replace",[14,35036,35037],{},"A key point to remember:",[246,35039,35040,35048],{},[249,35041,35042,35044,35045],{},[33,35043,34345],{}," lists ",[180,35046,35047],{},"names only",[249,35049,35050,35051,35053],{},"it does ",[180,35052,870],{}," explain what each name does",[14,35055,35056,35057,303],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[294,35058,35060],{"href":35059},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[33,35061,35062],{},"help()",[14,35064,5512],{},[26,35066,35068],{"className":28,"code":35067,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[33,35069,35070,35082],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,35071,35072,35074,35076,35078,35080],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,35073,7912],{"class":42},[36,35075,47],{"class":46},[36,35077,99],{"class":87},[36,35079,708],{"class":91},[36,35081,3403],{"class":87},[36,35083,35084,35086,35088,35090,35092,35094],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,35085,32186],{"class":141},[36,35087,145],{"class":50},[36,35089,1250],{"class":148},[36,35091,303],{"class":50},[36,35093,34512],{"class":24783},[36,35095,152],{"class":50},[21,35097,35099,35101],{"id":35098},"dir-on-modules",[33,35100,34345],{}," on modules",[14,35103,15743,35104,35106],{},[33,35105,34345],{}," on modules after importing them.",[14,35108,35109],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[376,35111,35113,35114,35116],{"id":35112},"example-math-module","Example: ",[33,35115,18448],{}," module",[26,35118,35120],{"className":28,"code":35119,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[33,35121,35122,35130,35134],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,35123,35124,35127],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,35125,35126],{"class":3917},"import",[36,35128,35129],{"class":42}," math\n",[36,35131,35132],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,35133,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,35135,35136,35138,35140,35142,35144,35146],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,35137,142],{"class":141},[36,35139,145],{"class":50},[36,35141,34406],{"class":141},[36,35143,145],{"class":50},[36,35145,18448],{"class":148},[36,35147,445],{"class":50},[14,35149,35150],{},"You may see names like:",[246,35152,35153,35158,35163,35168],{},[249,35154,35155],{},[33,35156,35157],{},"sqrt",[249,35159,35160],{},[33,35161,35162],{},"ceil",[249,35164,35165],{},[33,35166,35167],{},"floor",[249,35169,35170],{},[33,35171,35172],{},"pi",[14,35174,35175],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[14,35177,35178],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[246,35180,35181,35187],{},[249,35182,35183],{},[294,35184,35186],{"href":35185},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[249,35188,35189],{},[294,35190,35192],{"href":35191},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[376,35194,35196],{"id":35195},"another-example","Another example",[26,35198,35200],{"className":28,"code":35199,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[33,35201,35202,35209,35213],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,35203,35204,35206],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,35205,35126],{"class":3917},[36,35207,35208],{"class":42}," json\n",[36,35210,35211],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,35212,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,35214,35215,35217,35219,35221,35223,35226],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,35216,142],{"class":141},[36,35218,145],{"class":50},[36,35220,34406],{"class":141},[36,35222,145],{"class":50},[36,35224,35225],{"class":148},"json",[36,35227,445],{"class":50},[14,35229,35230,35231,2238,35234,2238,35237,17102,35240,303],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[33,35232,35233],{},"dump",[33,35235,35236],{},"dumps",[33,35238,35239],{},"load",[33,35241,35242],{},"loads",[21,35244,35246,10615,35248],{"id":35245},"dir-vs-help",[33,35247,34345],{},[33,35249,35062],{},[14,35251,35252,482,35254,35256],{},[33,35253,34345],{},[33,35255,35062],{}," are often used together.",[376,35258,35259],{"id":34406},[33,35260,34345],{},[246,35262,35263,35266],{},[249,35264,35265],{},"shows available names",[249,35267,35268],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[376,35270,35271],{"id":32186},[33,35272,35062],{},[246,35274,35275,35278],{},[249,35276,35277],{},"explains what an object or function does",[249,35279,35280],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[14,35282,35283],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[26,35285,35287],{"className":28,"code":35286,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[33,35288,35289,35301,35305,35319],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,35290,35291,35293,35295,35297,35299],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,35292,7912],{"class":42},[36,35294,47],{"class":46},[36,35296,99],{"class":87},[36,35298,708],{"class":91},[36,35300,3403],{"class":87},[36,35302,35303],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,35304,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,35306,35307,35309,35311,35313,35315,35317],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,35308,142],{"class":141},[36,35310,145],{"class":50},[36,35312,34406],{"class":141},[36,35314,145],{"class":50},[36,35316,1250],{"class":148},[36,35318,445],{"class":50},[36,35320,35321,35323,35325,35327,35329,35331],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,35322,32186],{"class":141},[36,35324,145],{"class":50},[36,35326,1250],{"class":148},[36,35328,303],{"class":50},[36,35330,34512],{"class":24783},[36,35332,152],{"class":50},[14,35334,495,35335,35337,35338,35340,35341,35343],{},[33,35336,34345],{}," first to find a method name.",[9876,35339],{},"\nThen use ",[33,35342,35062],{}," to understand how to use it.",[21,35345,25391],{"id":25390},[14,35347,35348],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[376,35350,35352,35354],{"id":35351},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[33,35353,34345],{}," returns names, not values",[14,35356,35357,35359],{},[33,35358,34345],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[14,35361,35362,35363,35365,35366,35369],{},"For example, seeing ",[33,35364,34512],{}," in ",[33,35367,35368],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[376,35371,35373],{"id":35372},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[14,35375,35376],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[14,35378,35379],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[376,35381,35383],{"id":35382},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[14,35385,35386],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[14,35388,5512],{},[246,35390,35391,35396,35402],{},[249,35392,35393,35395],{},[33,35394,35368],{}," shows string-related names",[249,35397,35398,35401],{},[33,35399,35400],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[249,35403,35404,35407,35408,35116],{},[33,35405,35406],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[33,35409,18448],{},[376,35411,35413],{"id":35412},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[14,35415,35416,35417,35419],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[33,35418,34345],{}," does not mean you already know:",[246,35421,35422,35425,35428],{},[249,35423,35424],{},"what it does",[249,35426,35427],{},"what arguments it needs",[249,35429,35430],{},"what it returns",[14,35432,35433,35434,35436],{},"That is why ",[33,35435,35062],{}," is the natural next step.",[21,35438,1455],{"id":1454},[14,35440,35441,35442,35444],{},"Beginners often use ",[33,35443,34345],{}," in these situations:",[246,35446,35447,35450,35459,35462],{},[249,35448,35449],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[249,35451,35452,35453,35458],{},"Seeing an ",[294,35454,35456],{"href":35455},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[33,35457,25705],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[249,35460,35461],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[249,35463,1462,35464,35466,35467],{},[33,35465,34345],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[33,35468,35062],{},[14,35470,35471],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[26,35473,35475],{"className":28,"code":35474,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[33,35476,35477,35489,35493,35507,35521],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,35478,35479,35481,35483,35485,35487],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,35480,7912],{"class":42},[36,35482,47],{"class":46},[36,35484,99],{"class":87},[36,35486,708],{"class":91},[36,35488,3403],{"class":87},[36,35490,35491],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,35492,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,35494,35495,35497,35499,35501,35503,35505],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,35496,142],{"class":141},[36,35498,145],{"class":50},[36,35500,818],{"class":80},[36,35502,145],{"class":50},[36,35504,1250],{"class":148},[36,35506,445],{"class":50},[36,35508,35509,35511,35513,35515,35517,35519],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,35510,142],{"class":141},[36,35512,145],{"class":50},[36,35514,34406],{"class":141},[36,35516,145],{"class":50},[36,35518,1250],{"class":148},[36,35520,445],{"class":50},[36,35522,35523,35525,35527,35529,35531,35533],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,35524,32186],{"class":141},[36,35526,145],{"class":50},[36,35528,1250],{"class":148},[36,35530,303],{"class":50},[36,35532,34512],{"class":24783},[36,35534,152],{"class":50},[14,35536,35537],{},"And for modules:",[26,35539,35540],{"className":28,"code":35119,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,35541,35542,35548,35552],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,35543,35544,35546],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,35545,35126],{"class":3917},[36,35547,35129],{"class":42},[36,35549,35550],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,35551,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,35553,35554,35556,35558,35560,35562,35564],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,35555,142],{"class":141},[36,35557,145],{"class":50},[36,35559,34406],{"class":141},[36,35561,145],{"class":50},[36,35563,18448],{"class":148},[36,35565,445],{"class":50},[14,35567,35568],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[26,35570,35572],{"className":28,"code":35571,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[33,35573,35574,35579,35591,35601,35615,35621],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,35575,35576],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,35577,35578],{"class":42},"python\n",[36,35580,35581,35583,35585,35587,35589],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,35582,7912],{"class":42},[36,35584,47],{"class":46},[36,35586,99],{"class":87},[36,35588,708],{"class":91},[36,35590,3403],{"class":87},[36,35592,35593,35595,35597,35599],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,35594,34406],{"class":141},[36,35596,145],{"class":50},[36,35598,1250],{"class":148},[36,35600,152],{"class":50},[36,35602,35603,35605,35607,35609,35611,35613],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,35604,32186],{"class":141},[36,35606,145],{"class":50},[36,35608,1250],{"class":148},[36,35610,303],{"class":50},[36,35612,34512],{"class":24783},[36,35614,152],{"class":50},[36,35616,35617,35619],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,35618,35126],{"class":3917},[36,35620,35129],{"class":42},[36,35622,35623,35625,35627,35629],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,35624,34406],{"class":141},[36,35626,145],{"class":50},[36,35628,18448],{"class":148},[36,35630,152],{"class":50},[21,35632,1872],{"id":1871},[376,35634,5182,35636,5185],{"id":35635},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[33,35637,34345],{},[14,35639,35640],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[376,35642,5220,35644,482,35646,2541],{"id":35643},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[33,35645,34345],{},[33,35647,35062],{},[14,35649,35650,35652,35653,35655],{},[33,35651,34345],{}," lists available names. ",[33,35654,35062],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[376,35657,35659,35660,35662],{"id":35658},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[33,35661,34345],{}," output?",[14,35664,35665],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[376,35667,5210,35669,35671,35672,2541],{"id":35668},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[33,35670,34345],{}," help fix ",[33,35673,25705],{},[14,35675,35676,35677,303],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[294,35678,35679],{"href":35455},"object has no attribute",[21,35681,1923],{"id":1922},[246,35683,35684,35690,35695,35699,35703],{},[249,35685,35686],{},[294,35687,1935,35688,3554],{"href":35059},[33,35689,35062],{},[249,35691,35692],{},[294,35693,35694],{"href":35455},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[249,35696,35697],{},[294,35698,35186],{"href":35185},[249,35700,35701],{},[294,35702,35192],{"href":35191},[249,35704,35705],{},[294,35706,1935,35707,3554],{"href":34843},[33,35708,2353],{},[14,35710,35711,35712,35714,35715,35717],{},"A good habit is to use ",[33,35713,34345],{}," together with ",[33,35716,35062],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1962,35719,35720],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":35722},[35723,35724,35726,35731,35736,35738,35739,35745,35750,35757,35758,35768],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":34522,"depth":72,"text":35725},"What dir() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205,"children":35727},[35728,35730],{"id":34575,"depth":118,"text":35729},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34631,"depth":118,"text":34417},{"id":34699,"depth":72,"text":35732,"children":35733},"Using dir() with a value",[35734,35735],{"id":34711,"depth":118,"text":34712},{"id":34772,"depth":118,"text":34773},{"id":34852,"depth":72,"text":35737},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34952,"depth":72,"text":34953},{"id":35098,"depth":72,"text":35740,"children":35741},"dir() on modules",[35742,35744],{"id":35112,"depth":118,"text":35743},"Example: math module",{"id":35195,"depth":118,"text":35196},{"id":35245,"depth":72,"text":35746,"children":35747},"dir() vs help()",[35748,35749],{"id":34406,"depth":118,"text":34345},{"id":32186,"depth":118,"text":35062},{"id":25390,"depth":72,"text":25391,"children":35751},[35752,35754,35755,35756],{"id":35351,"depth":118,"text":35753},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35372,"depth":118,"text":35373},{"id":35382,"depth":118,"text":35383},{"id":35412,"depth":118,"text":35413},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":35759},[35760,35762,35764,35766],{"id":35635,"depth":118,"text":35761},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35643,"depth":118,"text":35763},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35658,"depth":118,"text":35765},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35668,"depth":118,"text":35767},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34337,"description":35769},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35776,"title":35777,"body":35778,"description":37595,"extension":2009,"meta":37596,"navigation":134,"path":37597,"seo":37598,"stem":37599,"__hash__":37600},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35779,"toc":37564},[35780,35786,35791,35794,35802,35808,35810,35890,35892,35918,35923,35928,35933,35936,35947,35950,35952,36031,36033,36059,36066,36068,36070,36095,36098,36111,36116,36118,36197,36199,36225,36233,36238,36246,36252,36259,36262,36264,36343,36346,36403,36405,36442,36448,36453,36458,36461,36475,36477,36580,36582,36625,36634,36644,36651,36657,36664,36747,36749,36772,36775,36778,36780,36784,36788,36791,36854,36877,36880,36884,36890,36892,36959,36962,37039,37044,37050,37053,37056,37102,37104,37128,37133,37137,37142,37148,37211,37214,37216,37219,37244,37247,37382,37384,37485,37487,37492,37495,37501,37511,37519,37524,37530,37536,37538,37561],[10,35781,1935,35783,3624],{"id":35782},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[33,35784,35785],{},"enumerate()",[14,35787,35788,35790],{},[33,35789,35785],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[14,35792,35793],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[246,35795,35796,35799],{},[249,35797,35798],{},"the item itself",[249,35800,35801],{},"its index in the loop",[14,35803,35804,35805,35807],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[33,35806,35785],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[21,35809,2051],{"id":2050},[26,35811,35813],{"className":28,"code":35812,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[33,35814,35815,35847,35851,35874],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,35816,35817,35819,35821,35823,35825,35827,35829,35831,35833,35835,35837,35839,35841,35843,35845],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,35818,13108],{"class":42},[36,35820,47],{"class":46},[36,35822,1333],{"class":50},[36,35824,88],{"class":87},[36,35826,13125],{"class":91},[36,35828,88],{"class":87},[36,35830,58],{"class":50},[36,35832,99],{"class":87},[36,35834,17486],{"class":91},[36,35836,88],{"class":87},[36,35838,58],{"class":50},[36,35840,99],{"class":87},[36,35842,13142],{"class":91},[36,35844,88],{"class":87},[36,35846,1355],{"class":50},[36,35848,35849],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,35850,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,35852,35853,35855,35858,35860,35863,35865,35868,35870,35872],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,35854,5997],{"class":3917},[36,35856,35857],{"class":42}," index",[36,35859,58],{"class":50},[36,35861,35862],{"class":42}," color ",[36,35864,3924],{"class":3917},[36,35866,35867],{"class":141}," enumerate",[36,35869,145],{"class":50},[36,35871,17533],{"class":148},[36,35873,8378],{"class":50},[36,35875,35876,35878,35880,35883,35885,35888],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,35877,8105],{"class":141},[36,35879,145],{"class":50},[36,35881,35882],{"class":148},"index",[36,35884,58],{"class":50},[36,35886,35887],{"class":148}," color",[36,35889,152],{"class":50},[14,35891,182],{},[26,35893,35895],{"className":28,"code":35894,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[33,35896,35897,35904,35911],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,35898,35899,35901],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,35900,2166],{"class":54},[36,35902,35903],{"class":42}," red\n",[36,35905,35906,35908],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,35907,55],{"class":54},[36,35909,35910],{"class":42}," green\n",[36,35912,35913,35915],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,35914,481],{"class":54},[36,35916,35917],{"class":42}," blue\n",[14,35919,495,35920,35922],{},[33,35921,35785],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[21,35924,3720,35926,3723],{"id":35925},"what-enumerate-does",[33,35927,35785],{},[14,35929,35930,35932],{},[33,35931,35785],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[14,35934,35935],{},"It is commonly used with:",[246,35937,35938,35940,35942,35944],{},[249,35939,5341],{},[249,35941,5344],{},[249,35943,5350],{},[249,35945,35946],{},"other iterable objects",[14,35948,35949],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[14,35951,2257],{},[26,35953,35955],{"className":28,"code":35954,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[33,35956,35957,35991,35995,36016],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,35958,35959,35961,35963,35965,35967,35969,35971,35973,35975,35978,35980,35982,35984,35987,35989],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,35960,5034],{"class":42},[36,35962,47],{"class":46},[36,35964,1333],{"class":50},[36,35966,88],{"class":87},[36,35968,12912],{"class":91},[36,35970,88],{"class":87},[36,35972,58],{"class":50},[36,35974,99],{"class":87},[36,35976,35977],{"class":91},"Ben",[36,35979,88],{"class":87},[36,35981,58],{"class":50},[36,35983,99],{"class":87},[36,35985,35986],{"class":91},"Cara",[36,35988,88],{"class":87},[36,35990,1355],{"class":50},[36,35992,35993],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,35994,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,35996,35997,35999,36001,36003,36006,36008,36010,36012,36014],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,35998,5997],{"class":3917},[36,36000,35857],{"class":42},[36,36002,58],{"class":50},[36,36004,36005],{"class":42}," name ",[36,36007,3924],{"class":3917},[36,36009,35867],{"class":141},[36,36011,145],{"class":50},[36,36013,5078],{"class":148},[36,36015,8378],{"class":50},[36,36017,36018,36020,36022,36024,36026,36029],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,36019,8105],{"class":141},[36,36021,145],{"class":50},[36,36023,35882],{"class":148},[36,36025,58],{"class":50},[36,36027,36028],{"class":148}," name",[36,36030,152],{"class":50},[14,36032,182],{},[26,36034,36036],{"className":28,"code":36035,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[33,36037,36038,36045,36052],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,36039,36040,36042],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,36041,2166],{"class":54},[36,36043,36044],{"class":42}," Ana\n",[36,36046,36047,36049],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,36048,55],{"class":54},[36,36050,36051],{"class":42}," Ben\n",[36,36053,36054,36056],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,36055,481],{"class":54},[36,36057,36058],{"class":42}," Cara\n",[14,36060,36061,36062,303],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[294,36063,36065],{"href":36064},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[21,36067,2205],{"id":2204},[14,36069,2208],{},[26,36071,36073],{"className":28,"code":36072,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[33,36074,36075],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,36076,36077,36080,36082,36084,36086,36089,36091,36093],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,36078,36079],{"class":141},"enumerate",[36,36081,145],{"class":50},[36,36083,3764],{"class":148},[36,36085,58],{"class":50},[36,36087,36088],{"class":9210}," start",[36,36090,47],{"class":46},[36,36092,2166],{"class":54},[36,36094,152],{"class":50},[14,36096,36097],{},"It has two parts:",[246,36099,36100,36105],{},[249,36101,36102,36104],{},[33,36103,3764],{},": the object you want to loop through",[249,36106,36107,36110],{},[33,36108,36109],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[14,36112,36113,36114,303],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[33,36115,2166],{},[14,36117,2257],{},[26,36119,36121],{"className":28,"code":36120,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[33,36122,36123,36155,36159,36181],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,36124,36125,36127,36129,36131,36133,36135,36137,36139,36141,36143,36145,36147,36149,36151,36153],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,36126,697],{"class":42},[36,36128,47],{"class":46},[36,36130,1333],{"class":50},[36,36132,88],{"class":87},[36,36134,294],{"class":91},[36,36136,88],{"class":87},[36,36138,58],{"class":50},[36,36140,99],{"class":87},[36,36142,1707],{"class":91},[36,36144,88],{"class":87},[36,36146,58],{"class":50},[36,36148,99],{"class":87},[36,36150,9770],{"class":91},[36,36152,88],{"class":87},[36,36154,1355],{"class":50},[36,36156,36157],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,36158,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,36160,36161,36163,36166,36168,36171,36173,36175,36177,36179],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,36162,5997],{"class":3917},[36,36164,36165],{"class":42}," i",[36,36167,58],{"class":50},[36,36169,36170],{"class":42}," letter ",[36,36172,3924],{"class":3917},[36,36174,35867],{"class":141},[36,36176,145],{"class":50},[36,36178,721],{"class":148},[36,36180,8378],{"class":50},[36,36182,36183,36185,36187,36190,36192,36195],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,36184,8105],{"class":141},[36,36186,145],{"class":50},[36,36188,36189],{"class":148},"i",[36,36191,58],{"class":50},[36,36193,36194],{"class":148}," letter",[36,36196,152],{"class":50},[14,36198,182],{},[26,36200,36202],{"className":28,"code":36201,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[33,36203,36204,36211,36218],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,36205,36206,36208],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,36207,2166],{"class":54},[36,36209,36210],{"class":42}," a\n",[36,36212,36213,36215],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,36214,55],{"class":54},[36,36216,36217],{"class":42}," b\n",[36,36219,36220,36222],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,36221,481],{"class":54},[36,36223,36224],{"class":42}," c\n",[14,36226,36227,36228,303],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[294,36229,1935,36231,3554],{"href":36230},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[33,36232,517],{},[21,36234,3720,36236,11736],{"id":36235},"what-enumerate-returns",[33,36237,35785],{},[14,36239,36240,36242,36243,303],{},[33,36241,35785],{}," returns an ",[180,36244,36245],{},"enumerate object",[14,36247,36248,36249,36251],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[33,36250,5997],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[246,36253,36254],{},[249,36255,36256],{},[33,36257,36258],{},"(index, item)",[14,36260,36261],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[14,36263,2257],{},[26,36265,36267],{"className":28,"code":36266,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[33,36268,36269,36302,36306,36328],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,36270,36271,36274,36276,36278,36280,36282,36284,36286,36288,36290,36292,36294,36296,36298,36300],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,36272,36273],{"class":42},"fruits ",[36,36275,47],{"class":46},[36,36277,1333],{"class":50},[36,36279,88],{"class":87},[36,36281,92],{"class":91},[36,36283,88],{"class":87},[36,36285,58],{"class":50},[36,36287,99],{"class":87},[36,36289,102],{"class":91},[36,36291,88],{"class":87},[36,36293,58],{"class":50},[36,36295,99],{"class":87},[36,36297,1005],{"class":91},[36,36299,88],{"class":87},[36,36301,1355],{"class":50},[36,36303,36304],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,36305,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,36307,36308,36310,36312,36314,36317,36319,36321,36323,36326],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,36309,5997],{"class":3917},[36,36311,35857],{"class":42},[36,36313,58],{"class":50},[36,36315,36316],{"class":42}," fruit ",[36,36318,3924],{"class":3917},[36,36320,35867],{"class":141},[36,36322,145],{"class":50},[36,36324,36325],{"class":148},"fruits",[36,36327,8378],{"class":50},[36,36329,36330,36332,36334,36336,36338,36341],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,36331,8105],{"class":141},[36,36333,145],{"class":50},[36,36335,35882],{"class":148},[36,36337,58],{"class":50},[36,36339,36340],{"class":148}," fruit",[36,36342,152],{"class":50},[14,36344,36345],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[26,36347,36349],{"className":28,"code":36348,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[33,36350,36351,36371,36375,36393],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,36352,36353,36355,36357,36359,36361,36363,36365,36367,36369],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,36354,43],{"class":42},[36,36356,47],{"class":46},[36,36358,1333],{"class":50},[36,36360,631],{"class":54},[36,36362,58],{"class":50},[36,36364,636],{"class":54},[36,36366,58],{"class":50},[36,36368,645],{"class":54},[36,36370,1355],{"class":50},[36,36372,36373],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,36374,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,36376,36377,36379,36381,36383,36385,36387,36389,36391],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,36378,2280],{"class":42},[36,36380,47],{"class":46},[36,36382,22592],{"class":80},[36,36384,145],{"class":50},[36,36386,36079],{"class":141},[36,36388,145],{"class":50},[36,36390,149],{"class":148},[36,36392,445],{"class":50},[36,36394,36395,36397,36399,36401],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,36396,142],{"class":141},[36,36398,145],{"class":50},[36,36400,2315],{"class":148},[36,36402,152],{"class":50},[14,36404,182],{},[26,36406,36408],{"className":28,"code":36407,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[33,36409,36410],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,36411,36412,36414,36416,36418,36420,36422,36424,36426,36428,36430,36432,36434,36436,36438,36440],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,36413,21772],{"class":50},[36,36415,2166],{"class":54},[36,36417,58],{"class":50},[36,36419,6044],{"class":54},[36,36421,1140],{"class":50},[36,36423,1131],{"class":50},[36,36425,55],{"class":54},[36,36427,58],{"class":50},[36,36429,636],{"class":54},[36,36431,1140],{"class":50},[36,36433,1131],{"class":50},[36,36435,481],{"class":54},[36,36437,58],{"class":50},[36,36439,645],{"class":54},[36,36441,9282],{"class":50},[14,36443,36444,36445,36447],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[33,36446,35785],{}," produces.",[21,36449,5000,36451],{"id":36450},"when-to-use-enumerate",[33,36452,35785],{},[14,36454,495,36455,36457],{},[33,36456,35785],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[14,36459,36460],{},"Common cases:",[246,36462,36463,36466,36469,36472],{},[249,36464,36465],{},"printing numbered output",[249,36467,36468],{},"building menus",[249,36470,36471],{},"showing positions in a list",[249,36473,36474],{},"looping over both index and value together",[14,36476,2257],{},[26,36478,36480],{"className":28,"code":36479,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[33,36481,36482,36517,36521,36551],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,36483,36484,36486,36488,36490,36492,36495,36497,36499,36501,36504,36506,36508,36510,36513,36515],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,36485,29932],{"class":42},[36,36487,47],{"class":46},[36,36489,1333],{"class":50},[36,36491,88],{"class":87},[36,36493,36494],{"class":91},"Wash dishes",[36,36496,88],{"class":87},[36,36498,58],{"class":50},[36,36500,99],{"class":87},[36,36502,36503],{"class":91},"Study Python",[36,36505,88],{"class":87},[36,36507,58],{"class":50},[36,36509,99],{"class":87},[36,36511,36512],{"class":91},"Go for a walk",[36,36514,88],{"class":87},[36,36516,1355],{"class":50},[36,36518,36519],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,36520,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,36522,36523,36525,36527,36529,36532,36534,36536,36538,36541,36543,36545,36547,36549],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,36524,5997],{"class":3917},[36,36526,2246],{"class":42},[36,36528,58],{"class":50},[36,36530,36531],{"class":42}," task ",[36,36533,3924],{"class":3917},[36,36535,35867],{"class":141},[36,36537,145],{"class":50},[36,36539,36540],{"class":148},"tasks",[36,36542,58],{"class":50},[36,36544,36088],{"class":9210},[36,36546,47],{"class":46},[36,36548,55],{"class":54},[36,36550,8378],{"class":50},[36,36552,36553,36555,36557,36559,36561,36563,36565,36567,36569,36571,36574,36576,36578],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,36554,8105],{"class":141},[36,36556,145],{"class":50},[36,36558,22326],{"class":847},[36,36560,88],{"class":91},[36,36562,192],{"class":54},[36,36564,2290],{"class":148},[36,36566,22335],{"class":54},[36,36568,28348],{"class":91},[36,36570,192],{"class":54},[36,36572,36573],{"class":148},"task",[36,36575,22335],{"class":54},[36,36577,88],{"class":91},[36,36579,152],{"class":50},[14,36581,182],{},[26,36583,36585],{"className":28,"code":36584,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[33,36586,36587,36599,36611],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,36588,36589,36591,36593,36596],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,36590,55],{"class":54},[36,36592,303],{"class":50},[36,36594,36595],{"class":24783}," Wash",[36,36597,36598],{"class":42}," dishes\n",[36,36600,36601,36603,36605,36608],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,36602,481],{"class":54},[36,36604,303],{"class":50},[36,36606,36607],{"class":24783}," Study",[36,36609,36610],{"class":42}," Python\n",[36,36612,36613,36615,36617,36620,36622],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,36614,485],{"class":54},[36,36616,303],{"class":50},[36,36618,36619],{"class":24783}," Go",[36,36621,3918],{"class":3917},[36,36623,36624],{"class":42}," a walk\n",[14,36626,36627,36628,36630,36631,303],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[33,36629,35785],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[33,36632,36633],{},"range(len(...))",[14,36635,36636,36637,303],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[294,36638,36640,36641,36643],{"href":36639},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[33,36642,35785],{}," in Python",[21,36645,36647,36648,36650],{"id":36646},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[33,36649,36109],{}," argument",[14,36652,36653,36654,36656],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[33,36655,36109],{}," argument.",[14,36658,36659,36660,11122,36662,1213],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[33,36661,55],{},[33,36663,2166],{},[26,36665,36667],{"className":28,"code":36666,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[33,36668,36669,36701,36705,36733],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,36670,36671,36673,36675,36677,36679,36681,36683,36685,36687,36689,36691,36693,36695,36697,36699],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,36672,13108],{"class":42},[36,36674,47],{"class":46},[36,36676,1333],{"class":50},[36,36678,88],{"class":87},[36,36680,13125],{"class":91},[36,36682,88],{"class":87},[36,36684,58],{"class":50},[36,36686,99],{"class":87},[36,36688,17486],{"class":91},[36,36690,88],{"class":87},[36,36692,58],{"class":50},[36,36694,99],{"class":87},[36,36696,13142],{"class":91},[36,36698,88],{"class":87},[36,36700,1355],{"class":50},[36,36702,36703],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,36704,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,36706,36707,36709,36711,36713,36715,36717,36719,36721,36723,36725,36727,36729,36731],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,36708,5997],{"class":3917},[36,36710,35857],{"class":42},[36,36712,58],{"class":50},[36,36714,35862],{"class":42},[36,36716,3924],{"class":3917},[36,36718,35867],{"class":141},[36,36720,145],{"class":50},[36,36722,17533],{"class":148},[36,36724,58],{"class":50},[36,36726,36088],{"class":9210},[36,36728,47],{"class":46},[36,36730,55],{"class":54},[36,36732,8378],{"class":50},[36,36734,36735,36737,36739,36741,36743,36745],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,36736,8105],{"class":141},[36,36738,145],{"class":50},[36,36740,35882],{"class":148},[36,36742,58],{"class":50},[36,36744,35887],{"class":148},[36,36746,152],{"class":50},[14,36748,182],{},[26,36750,36752],{"className":28,"code":36751,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[33,36753,36754,36760,36766],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,36755,36756,36758],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,36757,55],{"class":54},[36,36759,35903],{"class":42},[36,36761,36762,36764],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,36763,481],{"class":54},[36,36765,35910],{"class":42},[36,36767,36768,36770],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,36769,485],{"class":54},[36,36771,35917],{"class":42},[14,36773,36774],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[14,36776,36777],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[21,36779,25391],{"id":25390},[14,36781,25394,36782,303],{},[33,36783,35785],{},[376,36785,36787],{"id":36786},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[14,36789,36790],{},"In this loop:",[26,36792,36794],{"className":28,"code":36793,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[33,36795,36796,36816,36820,36840],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,36797,36798,36800,36802,36804,36806,36808,36810,36812,36814],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,36799,43],{"class":42},[36,36801,47],{"class":46},[36,36803,1333],{"class":50},[36,36805,631],{"class":54},[36,36807,58],{"class":50},[36,36809,636],{"class":54},[36,36811,58],{"class":50},[36,36813,645],{"class":54},[36,36815,1355],{"class":50},[36,36817,36818],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,36819,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,36821,36822,36824,36826,36828,36830,36832,36834,36836,36838],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,36823,5997],{"class":3917},[36,36825,35857],{"class":42},[36,36827,58],{"class":50},[36,36829,21616],{"class":42},[36,36831,3924],{"class":3917},[36,36833,35867],{"class":141},[36,36835,145],{"class":50},[36,36837,149],{"class":148},[36,36839,8378],{"class":50},[36,36841,36842,36844,36846,36848,36850,36852],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,36843,8105],{"class":141},[36,36845,145],{"class":50},[36,36847,35882],{"class":148},[36,36849,58],{"class":50},[36,36851,8469],{"class":148},[36,36853,152],{"class":50},[246,36855,36856,36866],{},[249,36857,36858,4822,36860,2238,36862,2238,36864],{},[33,36859,35882],{},[33,36861,2166],{},[33,36863,55],{},[33,36865,481],{},[249,36867,36868,4822,36870,2238,36872,2238,36874],{},[33,36869,1495],{},[33,36871,631],{},[33,36873,15783],{},[33,36875,36876],{},"30",[14,36878,36879],{},"These are different things.",[376,36881,36883],{"id":36882},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[14,36885,36886,36887,36889],{},"Each item from ",[33,36888,35785],{}," is a pair.",[14,36891,6727],{},[26,36893,36895],{"className":28,"code":36894,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[33,36896,36897,36921,36925,36945],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,36898,36899,36901,36903,36905,36907,36909,36911,36913,36915,36917,36919],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,36900,1328],{"class":42},[36,36902,47],{"class":46},[36,36904,1333],{"class":50},[36,36906,88],{"class":87},[36,36908,2222],{"class":91},[36,36910,88],{"class":87},[36,36912,58],{"class":50},[36,36914,99],{"class":87},[36,36916,11775],{"class":91},[36,36918,88],{"class":87},[36,36920,1355],{"class":50},[36,36922,36923],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,36924,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,36926,36927,36929,36931,36933,36935,36937,36939,36941,36943],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,36928,5997],{"class":3917},[36,36930,36165],{"class":42},[36,36932,58],{"class":50},[36,36934,6000],{"class":42},[36,36936,3924],{"class":3917},[36,36938,35867],{"class":141},[36,36940,145],{"class":50},[36,36942,1369],{"class":148},[36,36944,8378],{"class":50},[36,36946,36947,36949,36951,36953,36955,36957],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,36948,8105],{"class":141},[36,36950,145],{"class":50},[36,36952,36189],{"class":148},[36,36954,58],{"class":50},[36,36956,29542],{"class":148},[36,36958,152],{"class":50},[14,36960,36961],{},"But this causes an error:",[26,36963,36965],{"className":28,"code":36964,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[33,36966,36967,36991,36995,37020],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,36968,36969,36971,36973,36975,36977,36979,36981,36983,36985,36987,36989],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,36970,1328],{"class":42},[36,36972,47],{"class":46},[36,36974,1333],{"class":50},[36,36976,88],{"class":87},[36,36978,2222],{"class":91},[36,36980,88],{"class":87},[36,36982,58],{"class":50},[36,36984,99],{"class":87},[36,36986,11775],{"class":91},[36,36988,88],{"class":87},[36,36990,1355],{"class":50},[36,36992,36993],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,36994,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,36996,36997,36999,37001,37003,37005,37007,37010,37012,37014,37016,37018],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,36998,5997],{"class":3917},[36,37000,36165],{"class":42},[36,37002,58],{"class":50},[36,37004,29542],{"class":42},[36,37006,58],{"class":50},[36,37008,37009],{"class":42}," extra ",[36,37011,3924],{"class":3917},[36,37013,35867],{"class":141},[36,37015,145],{"class":50},[36,37017,1369],{"class":148},[36,37019,8378],{"class":50},[36,37021,37022,37024,37026,37028,37030,37032,37034,37037],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,37023,8105],{"class":141},[36,37025,145],{"class":50},[36,37027,36189],{"class":148},[36,37029,58],{"class":50},[36,37031,29542],{"class":148},[36,37033,58],{"class":50},[36,37035,37036],{"class":148}," extra",[36,37038,152],{"class":50},[14,37040,29096,37041,37043],{},[33,37042,35785],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[376,37045,37047,37049],{"id":37046},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[33,37048,35785],{}," only works with iterable objects",[14,37051,37052],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[14,37054,37055],{},"Example with a string:",[26,37057,37059],{"className":28,"code":37058,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[33,37060,37061,37087],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,37062,37063,37065,37067,37069,37072,37074,37076,37078,37080,37083,37085],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,37064,5997],{"class":3917},[36,37066,35857],{"class":42},[36,37068,58],{"class":50},[36,37070,37071],{"class":42}," char ",[36,37073,3924],{"class":3917},[36,37075,35867],{"class":141},[36,37077,145],{"class":50},[36,37079,88],{"class":87},[36,37081,37082],{"class":91},"cat",[36,37084,88],{"class":87},[36,37086,8378],{"class":50},[36,37088,37089,37091,37093,37095,37097,37100],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,37090,8105],{"class":141},[36,37092,145],{"class":50},[36,37094,35882],{"class":148},[36,37096,58],{"class":50},[36,37098,37099],{"class":148}," char",[36,37101,152],{"class":50},[14,37103,182],{},[26,37105,37107],{"className":28,"code":37106,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[33,37108,37109,37115,37121],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,37110,37111,37113],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,37112,2166],{"class":54},[36,37114,36224],{"class":42},[36,37116,37117,37119],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,37118,55],{"class":54},[36,37120,36210],{"class":42},[36,37122,37123,37125],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,37124,481],{"class":54},[36,37126,37127],{"class":42}," t\n",[14,37129,37130,37131,303],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[294,37132,5176],{"href":5625},[376,37134,37136],{"id":37135},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[14,37138,37139,37140,303],{},"You do not always need ",[33,37141,35785],{},[14,37143,37144,37145,37147],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[33,37146,5997],{}," loop:",[26,37149,37151],{"className":28,"code":37150,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[33,37152,37153,37185,37189,37201],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,37154,37155,37157,37159,37161,37163,37165,37167,37169,37171,37173,37175,37177,37179,37181,37183],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,37156,13108],{"class":42},[36,37158,47],{"class":46},[36,37160,1333],{"class":50},[36,37162,88],{"class":87},[36,37164,13125],{"class":91},[36,37166,88],{"class":87},[36,37168,58],{"class":50},[36,37170,99],{"class":87},[36,37172,17486],{"class":91},[36,37174,88],{"class":87},[36,37176,58],{"class":50},[36,37178,99],{"class":87},[36,37180,13142],{"class":91},[36,37182,88],{"class":87},[36,37184,1355],{"class":50},[36,37186,37187],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,37188,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,37190,37191,37193,37195,37197,37199],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,37192,5997],{"class":3917},[36,37194,35862],{"class":42},[36,37196,3924],{"class":3917},[36,37198,13156],{"class":42},[36,37200,6433],{"class":50},[36,37202,37203,37205,37207,37209],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,37204,8105],{"class":141},[36,37206,145],{"class":50},[36,37208,32925],{"class":148},[36,37210,152],{"class":50},[14,37212,37213],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[21,37215,1455],{"id":1454},[14,37217,37218],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[246,37220,37221,37226,37232,37237],{},[249,37222,23133,37223,37225],{},[33,37224,35785],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[249,37227,37228,37229,37231],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[33,37230,2166],{}," by default",[249,37233,1462,37234,37236],{},[33,37235,35785],{}," when only values are needed",[249,37238,37239,37240,8741,37242],{},"Confusing ",[33,37241,35785],{},[33,37243,517],{},[14,37245,37246],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[26,37248,37250],{"className":28,"code":37249,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[33,37251,37252,37274,37301,37335,37368],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,37253,37254,37256,37258,37260,37262,37264,37266,37268,37270,37272],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,37255,142],{"class":141},[36,37257,145],{"class":50},[36,37259,36079],{"class":141},[36,37261,84],{"class":50},[36,37263,631],{"class":54},[36,37265,58],{"class":50},[36,37267,636],{"class":54},[36,37269,58],{"class":50},[36,37271,645],{"class":54},[36,37273,3047],{"class":50},[36,37275,37276,37278,37280,37282,37284,37286,37288,37290,37292,37294,37296,37298],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,37277,142],{"class":141},[36,37279,145],{"class":50},[36,37281,1225],{"class":80},[36,37283,145],{"class":50},[36,37285,36079],{"class":141},[36,37287,84],{"class":50},[36,37289,631],{"class":54},[36,37291,58],{"class":50},[36,37293,636],{"class":54},[36,37295,58],{"class":50},[36,37297,645],{"class":54},[36,37299,37300],{"class":50},"])))\n",[36,37302,37303,37305,37307,37309,37311,37313,37315,37317,37319,37321,37323,37325,37327,37329,37331,37333],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,37304,142],{"class":141},[36,37306,145],{"class":50},[36,37308,1225],{"class":80},[36,37310,145],{"class":50},[36,37312,36079],{"class":141},[36,37314,84],{"class":50},[36,37316,631],{"class":54},[36,37318,58],{"class":50},[36,37320,636],{"class":54},[36,37322,58],{"class":50},[36,37324,645],{"class":54},[36,37326,18093],{"class":50},[36,37328,36088],{"class":9210},[36,37330,47],{"class":46},[36,37332,55],{"class":54},[36,37334,2961],{"class":50},[36,37336,37337,37339,37341,37343,37345,37347,37349,37351,37353,37355,37357,37359,37361,37363,37365],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,37338,5997],{"class":3917},[36,37340,36165],{"class":42},[36,37342,58],{"class":50},[36,37344,21616],{"class":42},[36,37346,3924],{"class":3917},[36,37348,35867],{"class":141},[36,37350,84],{"class":50},[36,37352,211],{"class":87},[36,37354,294],{"class":91},[36,37356,211],{"class":87},[36,37358,58],{"class":50},[36,37360,220],{"class":87},[36,37362,1707],{"class":91},[36,37364,211],{"class":87},[36,37366,37367],{"class":50},"]):\n",[36,37369,37370,37372,37374,37376,37378,37380],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,37371,8105],{"class":141},[36,37373,145],{"class":50},[36,37375,36189],{"class":148},[36,37377,58],{"class":50},[36,37379,8469],{"class":148},[36,37381,152],{"class":50},[14,37383,16988],{},[26,37385,37387],{"className":28,"code":37386,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[33,37388,37389,37409,37441,37473,37479],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,37390,37391,37393,37395,37397,37400,37404,37407],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,37392,844],{"class":46},[36,37394,36079],{"class":141},[36,37396,24650],{"class":80},[36,37398,37399],{"class":42}," at ",[36,37401,37403],{"class":37402},"srjyR","0x",[36,37405,37406],{"class":34487},"...",[36,37408,857],{"class":46},[36,37410,37411,37413,37415,37417,37419,37421,37423,37425,37427,37429,37431,37433,37435,37437,37439],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,37412,21772],{"class":50},[36,37414,2166],{"class":54},[36,37416,58],{"class":50},[36,37418,6044],{"class":54},[36,37420,1140],{"class":50},[36,37422,1131],{"class":50},[36,37424,55],{"class":54},[36,37426,58],{"class":50},[36,37428,636],{"class":54},[36,37430,1140],{"class":50},[36,37432,1131],{"class":50},[36,37434,481],{"class":54},[36,37436,58],{"class":50},[36,37438,645],{"class":54},[36,37440,9282],{"class":50},[36,37442,37443,37445,37447,37449,37451,37453,37455,37457,37459,37461,37463,37465,37467,37469,37471],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,37444,21772],{"class":50},[36,37446,55],{"class":54},[36,37448,58],{"class":50},[36,37450,6044],{"class":54},[36,37452,1140],{"class":50},[36,37454,1131],{"class":50},[36,37456,481],{"class":54},[36,37458,58],{"class":50},[36,37460,636],{"class":54},[36,37462,1140],{"class":50},[36,37464,1131],{"class":50},[36,37466,485],{"class":54},[36,37468,58],{"class":50},[36,37470,645],{"class":54},[36,37472,9282],{"class":50},[36,37474,37475,37477],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,37476,2166],{"class":54},[36,37478,36210],{"class":42},[36,37480,37481,37483],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,37482,55],{"class":54},[36,37484,36217],{"class":42},[21,37486,1872],{"id":1871},[376,37488,5182,37490,5185],{"id":37489},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[33,37491,35785],{},[14,37493,37494],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[376,37496,12735,37498,37500],{"id":37497},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[33,37499,35785],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[14,37502,37503,37504,37506,37507,37510],{},"It starts at ",[33,37505,2166],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[33,37508,37509],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[376,37512,21452,37514,11122,37516,2541],{"id":37513},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[33,37515,35785],{},[33,37517,37518],{},"range(len(list))",[14,37520,36627,37521,37523],{},[33,37522,35785],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[376,37525,5210,37527,37529],{"id":37526},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[33,37528,35785],{}," be used with strings?",[14,37531,37532,37533,37535],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[33,37534,35785],{}," can return each character with its index.",[21,37537,1923],{"id":1922},[246,37539,37540,37544,37550,37557],{},[249,37541,37542],{},[294,37543,36065],{"href":36064},[249,37545,37546],{},[294,37547,1935,37548,3554],{"href":36230},[33,37549,517],{},[249,37551,37552],{},[294,37553,37554,37555,36643],{"href":36639},"How to use ",[33,37556,35785],{},[249,37558,37559],{},[294,37560,5257],{"href":5625},[1962,37562,37563],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":37565},[37566,37567,37569,37570,37572,37574,37576,37583,37584,37594],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":35925,"depth":72,"text":37568},"What enumerate() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":36235,"depth":72,"text":37571},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36450,"depth":72,"text":37573},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36646,"depth":72,"text":37575},"Using the start argument",{"id":25390,"depth":72,"text":25391,"children":37577},[37578,37579,37580,37582],{"id":36786,"depth":118,"text":36787},{"id":36882,"depth":118,"text":36883},{"id":37046,"depth":118,"text":37581},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37135,"depth":118,"text":37136},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":37585},[37586,37588,37590,37592],{"id":37489,"depth":118,"text":37587},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37497,"depth":118,"text":37589},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37513,"depth":118,"text":37591},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37526,"depth":118,"text":37593},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35777,"description":37595},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37602,"title":37603,"body":37604,"description":40120,"extension":2009,"meta":40121,"navigation":134,"path":40122,"seo":40123,"stem":40124,"__hash__":40125},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37605,"toc":40077},[37606,37612,37617,37620,37628,37642,37644,37735,37743,37748,37753,37755,37771,37773,37852,37854,37871,37877,37881,37883,37904,37908,37911,37923,37927,37930,37933,37950,37953,38029,38031,38048,38053,38057,38065,38068,38083,38085,38174,38176,38221,38224,38228,38231,38310,38312,38334,38337,38344,38349,38352,38455,38457,38482,38485,38492,38498,38503,38506,38517,38623,38625,38646,38654,38661,38667,38686,38691,38694,38713,38715,38800,38802,38831,38834,38839,38844,38847,38858,38860,38949,38951,38971,38977,39083,39085,39105,39108,39192,39194,39214,39221,39223,39227,39233,39236,39293,39296,39299,39360,39369,39372,39375,39403,39406,39466,39468,39485,39489,39492,39570,39572,39592,39595,39670,39674,39677,39679,39688,39693,39695,39746,39754,39766,39771,39832,39834,39851,39855,39918,39920,39945,39953,39955,39961,39967,39974,39982,39988,39991,39998,40008,40014,40020,40023,40040,40046,40048,40074],[10,37607,1935,37609,3624],{"id":37608},"python-filter-function-explained",[33,37610,37611],{},"filter()",[14,37613,37614,37616],{},[33,37615,37611],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[14,37618,37619],{},"It takes:",[246,37621,37622,37625],{},[249,37623,37624],{},"a function that checks each item",[249,37626,37627],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[14,37629,37630,37631,37634,37635,37638,37639,37641],{},"The result is ",[180,37632,37633],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[33,37636,37637],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[33,37640,24814],{}," to see the values.",[21,37643,2051],{"id":2050},[26,37645,37647],{"className":28,"code":37646,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[33,37648,37649,37682,37718],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,37650,37651,37653,37655,37657,37659,37661,37663,37665,37667,37669,37671,37673,37675,37677,37680],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,37652,43],{"class":42},[36,37654,47],{"class":46},[36,37656,1333],{"class":50},[36,37658,55],{"class":54},[36,37660,58],{"class":50},[36,37662,61],{"class":54},[36,37664,58],{"class":50},[36,37666,66],{"class":54},[36,37668,58],{"class":50},[36,37670,559],{"class":54},[36,37672,58],{"class":50},[36,37674,4644],{"class":54},[36,37676,58],{"class":50},[36,37678,37679],{"class":54}," 6",[36,37681,1355],{"class":50},[36,37683,37684,37686,37688,37691,37693,37696,37700,37702,37704,37706,37708,37710,37712,37714,37716],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,37685,2280],{"class":42},[36,37687,47],{"class":46},[36,37689,37690],{"class":141}," filter",[36,37692,145],{"class":50},[36,37694,37695],{"class":847},"lambda",[36,37697,37699],{"class":37698},"sFwrP"," x",[36,37701,1213],{"class":50},[36,37703,3921],{"class":148},[36,37705,6443],{"class":46},[36,37707,61],{"class":54},[36,37709,6448],{"class":46},[36,37711,3875],{"class":54},[36,37713,58],{"class":50},[36,37715,4301],{"class":148},[36,37717,152],{"class":50},[36,37719,37720,37722,37724,37726,37728,37730,37732],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,37721,142],{"class":141},[36,37723,145],{"class":50},[36,37725,1225],{"class":80},[36,37727,145],{"class":50},[36,37729,2315],{"class":148},[36,37731,5402],{"class":50},[36,37733,37734],{"class":1617},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[14,37736,37737,37739,37740,37742],{},[33,37738,37611],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[33,37741,24814],{}," to see the results.",[21,37744,3720,37746,3723],{"id":37745},"what-filter-does",[33,37747,37611],{},[14,37749,37750,37752],{},[33,37751,37611],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[14,37754,2153],{},[246,37756,37757,37760,37766],{},[249,37758,37759],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[249,37761,37762,37763,37765],{},"if the test returns ",[33,37764,3649],{},", the item is kept",[249,37767,37762,37768,37770],{},[33,37769,3716],{},", the item is removed",[14,37772,2257],{},[26,37774,37776],{"className":28,"code":37775,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[33,37777,37778,37806,37810,37838],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,37779,37780,37782,37784,37786,37788,37790,37792,37794,37796,37798,37800,37802,37804],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,37781,43],{"class":42},[36,37783,47],{"class":46},[36,37785,1333],{"class":50},[36,37787,55],{"class":54},[36,37789,58],{"class":50},[36,37791,61],{"class":54},[36,37793,58],{"class":50},[36,37795,66],{"class":54},[36,37797,58],{"class":50},[36,37799,559],{"class":54},[36,37801,58],{"class":50},[36,37803,4644],{"class":54},[36,37805,1355],{"class":50},[36,37807,37808],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,37809,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,37811,37812,37814,37816,37818,37820,37822,37824,37826,37828,37830,37832,37834,37836],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,37813,2280],{"class":42},[36,37815,47],{"class":46},[36,37817,37690],{"class":141},[36,37819,145],{"class":50},[36,37821,37695],{"class":847},[36,37823,37699],{"class":37698},[36,37825,1213],{"class":50},[36,37827,3921],{"class":148},[36,37829,4290],{"class":46},[36,37831,66],{"class":54},[36,37833,58],{"class":50},[36,37835,4301],{"class":148},[36,37837,152],{"class":50},[36,37839,37840,37842,37844,37846,37848,37850],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,37841,142],{"class":141},[36,37843,145],{"class":50},[36,37845,1225],{"class":80},[36,37847,145],{"class":50},[36,37849,2315],{"class":148},[36,37851,445],{"class":50},[14,37853,182],{},[26,37855,37857],{"className":28,"code":37856,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[4, 5]\n",[33,37858,37859],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,37860,37861,37863,37865,37867,37869],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,37862,3941],{"class":50},[36,37864,2554],{"class":54},[36,37866,58],{"class":50},[36,37868,4644],{"class":54},[36,37870,1355],{"class":50},[14,37872,37873,37874,37876],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[33,37875,485],{}," are kept.",[21,37878,37880],{"id":37879},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[14,37882,2208],{},[26,37884,37886],{"className":28,"code":37885,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[33,37887,37888],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,37889,37890,37892,37894,37897,37899,37902],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,37891,37637],{"class":141},[36,37893,145],{"class":50},[36,37895,37896],{"class":148},"function",[36,37898,58],{"class":50},[36,37900,37901],{"class":148}," iterable",[36,37903,152],{"class":50},[376,37905,37906],{"id":37896},[33,37907,37896],{},[14,37909,37910],{},"This is the test function.",[246,37912,37913,37916],{},[249,37914,37915],{},"It receives one item at a time",[249,37917,37918,37919,298,37921],{},"It should return ",[33,37920,3649],{},[33,37922,3716],{},[376,37924,37925],{"id":3764},[33,37926,3764],{},[14,37928,37929],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[14,37931,37932],{},"It can be:",[246,37934,37935,37938,37941,37944,37947],{},[249,37936,37937],{},"a list",[249,37939,37940],{},"a tuple",[249,37942,37943],{},"a string",[249,37945,37946],{},"a set",[249,37948,37949],{},"another iterable object",[14,37951,37952],{},"Example with a tuple:",[26,37954,37956],{"className":28,"code":37955,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[33,37957,37958,37983,37987,38015],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,37959,37960,37962,37964,37966,37968,37970,37973,37975,37977,37979,37981],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,37961,43],{"class":42},[36,37963,47],{"class":46},[36,37965,1131],{"class":50},[36,37967,631],{"class":54},[36,37969,58],{"class":50},[36,37971,37972],{"class":54}," 15",[36,37974,58],{"class":50},[36,37976,636],{"class":54},[36,37978,58],{"class":50},[36,37980,9338],{"class":54},[36,37982,152],{"class":50},[36,37984,37985],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,37986,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,37988,37989,37991,37993,37995,37997,37999,38001,38003,38005,38007,38009,38011,38013],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,37990,2280],{"class":42},[36,37992,47],{"class":46},[36,37994,37690],{"class":141},[36,37996,145],{"class":50},[36,37998,37695],{"class":847},[36,38000,37699],{"class":37698},[36,38002,1213],{"class":50},[36,38004,3921],{"class":148},[36,38006,5138],{"class":46},[36,38008,636],{"class":54},[36,38010,58],{"class":50},[36,38012,4301],{"class":148},[36,38014,152],{"class":50},[36,38016,38017,38019,38021,38023,38025,38027],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,38018,142],{"class":141},[36,38020,145],{"class":50},[36,38022,1225],{"class":80},[36,38024,145],{"class":50},[36,38026,2315],{"class":148},[36,38028,445],{"class":50},[14,38030,182],{},[26,38032,38034],{"className":28,"code":38033,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[20, 25]\n",[33,38035,38036],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,38037,38038,38040,38042,38044,38046],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,38039,3941],{"class":50},[36,38041,15783],{"class":54},[36,38043,58],{"class":50},[36,38045,9338],{"class":54},[36,38047,1355],{"class":50},[14,38049,38050,38051,303],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[294,38052,5176],{"href":5625},[21,38054,38056],{"id":38055},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[14,38058,38059,38060,22007,38062,303],{},"In Python 3, ",[33,38061,37611],{},[180,38063,38064],{},"filter object",[14,38066,38067],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[246,38069,38070,38073,38078],{},[249,38071,38072],{},"loop through it",[249,38074,38075,38076],{},"convert it with ",[33,38077,24814],{},[249,38079,38075,38080],{},[33,38081,38082],{},"tuple()",[14,38084,2257],{},[26,38086,38088],{"className":28,"code":38087,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[33,38089,38090,38132,38136,38146,38160],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,38091,38092,38094,38096,38098,38100,38102,38104,38106,38108,38110,38112,38114,38116,38118,38120,38122,38124,38126,38128,38130],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,38093,2280],{"class":42},[36,38095,47],{"class":46},[36,38097,37690],{"class":141},[36,38099,145],{"class":50},[36,38101,37695],{"class":847},[36,38103,37699],{"class":37698},[36,38105,1213],{"class":50},[36,38107,3921],{"class":148},[36,38109,4290],{"class":46},[36,38111,61],{"class":54},[36,38113,58],{"class":50},[36,38115,1333],{"class":50},[36,38117,55],{"class":54},[36,38119,58],{"class":50},[36,38121,61],{"class":54},[36,38123,58],{"class":50},[36,38125,66],{"class":54},[36,38127,58],{"class":50},[36,38129,559],{"class":54},[36,38131,115],{"class":50},[36,38133,38134],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,38135,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,38137,38138,38140,38142,38144],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,38139,142],{"class":141},[36,38141,145],{"class":50},[36,38143,2315],{"class":148},[36,38145,152],{"class":50},[36,38147,38148,38150,38152,38154,38156,38158],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,38149,142],{"class":141},[36,38151,145],{"class":50},[36,38153,818],{"class":80},[36,38155,145],{"class":50},[36,38157,2315],{"class":148},[36,38159,445],{"class":50},[36,38161,38162,38164,38166,38168,38170,38172],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,38163,142],{"class":141},[36,38165,145],{"class":50},[36,38167,1225],{"class":80},[36,38169,145],{"class":50},[36,38171,2315],{"class":148},[36,38173,445],{"class":50},[14,38175,182],{},[26,38177,38179],{"className":28,"code":38178,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[33,38180,38181,38195,38209],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,38182,38183,38185,38187,38189,38191,38193],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,38184,844],{"class":46},[36,38186,37637],{"class":141},[36,38188,24650],{"class":80},[36,38190,37399],{"class":42},[36,38192,37406],{"class":34487},[36,38194,857],{"class":46},[36,38196,38197,38199,38201,38203,38205,38207],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,38198,844],{"class":46},[36,38200,848],{"class":847},[36,38202,220],{"class":87},[36,38204,37637],{"class":91},[36,38206,211],{"class":87},[36,38208,857],{"class":46},[36,38210,38211,38213,38215,38217,38219],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,38212,3941],{"class":50},[36,38214,485],{"class":54},[36,38216,58],{"class":50},[36,38218,559],{"class":54},[36,38220,1355],{"class":50},[14,38222,38223],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[376,38225,38227],{"id":38226},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[14,38229,38230],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[26,38232,38234],{"className":28,"code":38233,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[33,38235,38236,38278,38282,38296],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,38237,38238,38240,38242,38244,38246,38248,38250,38252,38254,38256,38258,38260,38262,38264,38266,38268,38270,38272,38274,38276],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,38239,2280],{"class":42},[36,38241,47],{"class":46},[36,38243,37690],{"class":141},[36,38245,145],{"class":50},[36,38247,37695],{"class":847},[36,38249,37699],{"class":37698},[36,38251,1213],{"class":50},[36,38253,3921],{"class":148},[36,38255,4290],{"class":46},[36,38257,61],{"class":54},[36,38259,58],{"class":50},[36,38261,1333],{"class":50},[36,38263,55],{"class":54},[36,38265,58],{"class":50},[36,38267,61],{"class":54},[36,38269,58],{"class":50},[36,38271,66],{"class":54},[36,38273,58],{"class":50},[36,38275,559],{"class":54},[36,38277,115],{"class":50},[36,38279,38280],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,38281,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,38283,38284,38286,38288,38290,38292,38294],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,38285,142],{"class":141},[36,38287,145],{"class":50},[36,38289,1225],{"class":80},[36,38291,145],{"class":50},[36,38293,2315],{"class":148},[36,38295,445],{"class":50},[36,38297,38298,38300,38302,38304,38306,38308],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,38299,142],{"class":141},[36,38301,145],{"class":50},[36,38303,1225],{"class":80},[36,38305,145],{"class":50},[36,38307,2315],{"class":148},[36,38309,445],{"class":50},[14,38311,182],{},[26,38313,38315],{"className":28,"code":38314,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[33,38316,38317,38329],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,38318,38319,38321,38323,38325,38327],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,38320,3941],{"class":50},[36,38322,485],{"class":54},[36,38324,58],{"class":50},[36,38326,559],{"class":54},[36,38328,1355],{"class":50},[36,38330,38331],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,38332,38333],{"class":50},"[]\n",[14,38335,38336],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[21,38338,1462,38340,8741,38342],{"id":38339},"using-filter-with-lambda",[33,38341,37611],{},[33,38343,37695],{},[14,38345,15220,38346,38348],{},[33,38347,37695],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[14,38350,38351],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[26,38353,38355],{"className":28,"code":38354,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[33,38356,38357,38399,38403,38441],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,38358,38359,38361,38363,38365,38367,38369,38371,38373,38375,38378,38380,38382,38384,38386,38388,38390,38392,38395,38397],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,38360,75],{"class":42},[36,38362,47],{"class":46},[36,38364,1333],{"class":50},[36,38366,88],{"class":87},[36,38368,92],{"class":91},[36,38370,88],{"class":87},[36,38372,58],{"class":50},[36,38374,99],{"class":87},[36,38376,38377],{"class":91},"kiwi",[36,38379,88],{"class":87},[36,38381,58],{"class":50},[36,38383,99],{"class":87},[36,38385,102],{"class":91},[36,38387,88],{"class":87},[36,38389,58],{"class":50},[36,38391,99],{"class":87},[36,38393,38394],{"class":91},"fig",[36,38396,88],{"class":87},[36,38398,1355],{"class":50},[36,38400,38401],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,38402,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,38404,38405,38407,38409,38411,38413,38415,38418,38420,38423,38425,38428,38430,38433,38435,38437,38439],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,38406,2280],{"class":42},[36,38408,47],{"class":46},[36,38410,37690],{"class":141},[36,38412,145],{"class":50},[36,38414,37695],{"class":847},[36,38416,38417],{"class":37698}," word",[36,38419,1213],{"class":50},[36,38421,38422],{"class":141}," len",[36,38424,145],{"class":50},[36,38426,38427],{"class":148},"word",[36,38429,3703],{"class":50},[36,38431,38432],{"class":46}," >",[36,38434,559],{"class":54},[36,38436,58],{"class":50},[36,38438,6208],{"class":148},[36,38440,152],{"class":50},[36,38442,38443,38445,38447,38449,38451,38453],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,38444,142],{"class":141},[36,38446,145],{"class":50},[36,38448,1225],{"class":80},[36,38450,145],{"class":50},[36,38452,2315],{"class":148},[36,38454,445],{"class":50},[14,38456,182],{},[26,38458,38460],{"className":28,"code":38459,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[33,38461,38462],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,38463,38464,38466,38468,38470,38472,38474,38476,38478,38480],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,38465,3941],{"class":50},[36,38467,211],{"class":87},[36,38469,92],{"class":91},[36,38471,211],{"class":87},[36,38473,58],{"class":50},[36,38475,220],{"class":87},[36,38477,102],{"class":91},[36,38479,211],{"class":87},[36,38481,1355],{"class":50},[14,38483,38484],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[14,38486,38487,38488,303],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[294,38489,38491],{"href":38490},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[21,38493,1462,38495,38497],{"id":38494},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[33,38496,37611],{}," with a named function",[14,38499,38500,38501,303],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[33,38502,37695],{},[14,38504,38505],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[246,38507,38508,38511,38514],{},[249,38509,38510],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[249,38512,38513],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[249,38515,38516],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[26,38518,38520],{"className":28,"code":38519,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[33,38521,38522,38535,38550,38554,38586,38605,38609],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,38523,38524,38526,38529,38531,38533],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,38525,34886],{"class":847},[36,38527,38528],{"class":34889}," is_even",[36,38530,145],{"class":50},[36,38532,2290],{"class":37698},[36,38534,8378],{"class":50},[36,38536,38537,38539,38541,38543,38545,38547],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,38538,34897],{"class":3917},[36,38540,6426],{"class":42},[36,38542,6443],{"class":46},[36,38544,61],{"class":54},[36,38546,6448],{"class":46},[36,38548,38549],{"class":54}," 0\n",[36,38551,38552],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,38553,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,38555,38556,38558,38560,38562,38564,38566,38568,38570,38572,38574,38576,38578,38580,38582,38584],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,38557,43],{"class":42},[36,38559,47],{"class":46},[36,38561,1333],{"class":50},[36,38563,55],{"class":54},[36,38565,58],{"class":50},[36,38567,61],{"class":54},[36,38569,58],{"class":50},[36,38571,66],{"class":54},[36,38573,58],{"class":50},[36,38575,559],{"class":54},[36,38577,58],{"class":50},[36,38579,4644],{"class":54},[36,38581,58],{"class":50},[36,38583,37679],{"class":54},[36,38585,1355],{"class":50},[36,38587,38588,38590,38592,38594,38596,38599,38601,38603],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,38589,2280],{"class":42},[36,38591,47],{"class":46},[36,38593,37690],{"class":141},[36,38595,145],{"class":50},[36,38597,38598],{"class":148},"is_even",[36,38600,58],{"class":50},[36,38602,4301],{"class":148},[36,38604,152],{"class":50},[36,38606,38607],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,38608,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,38610,38611,38613,38615,38617,38619,38621],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,38612,142],{"class":141},[36,38614,145],{"class":50},[36,38616,1225],{"class":80},[36,38618,145],{"class":50},[36,38620,2315],{"class":148},[36,38622,445],{"class":50},[14,38624,182],{},[26,38626,38628],{"className":28,"code":38627,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[33,38629,38630],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,38631,38632,38634,38636,38638,38640,38642,38644],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,38633,3941],{"class":50},[36,38635,481],{"class":54},[36,38637,58],{"class":50},[36,38639,559],{"class":54},[36,38641,58],{"class":50},[36,38643,37679],{"class":54},[36,38645,1355],{"class":50},[14,38647,20803,38648,2448,38651,38653],{},[33,38649,38650],{},"is_even()",[33,38652,3649],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[21,38655,1462,38657,8741,38659],{"id":38656},"using-none-with-filter",[33,38658,3822],{},[33,38660,37611],{},[14,38662,38663,38664,38666],{},"You can pass ",[33,38665,3822],{}," as the first argument:",[26,38668,38670],{"className":28,"code":38669,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[33,38671,38672],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,38673,38674,38676,38678,38680,38682,38684],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,38675,37637],{"class":141},[36,38677,145],{"class":50},[36,38679,3822],{"class":1143},[36,38681,58],{"class":50},[36,38683,37901],{"class":148},[36,38685,152],{"class":50},[14,38687,38688,38689,7379],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[180,38690,5635],{},[14,38692,38693],{},"Falsy values include:",[246,38695,38696,38700,38705,38709],{},[249,38697,38698],{},[33,38699,2166],{},[249,38701,38702,38704],{},[33,38703,3817],{}," (empty string)",[249,38706,38707],{},[33,38708,3822],{},[249,38710,38711],{},[33,38712,3716],{},[14,38714,2257],{},[26,38716,38718],{"className":28,"code":38717,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[33,38719,38720,38764,38768,38786],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,38721,38722,38724,38726,38728,38730,38732,38734,38736,38738,38740,38742,38744,38746,38748,38750,38752,38754,38756,38758,38760,38762],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,38723,1328],{"class":42},[36,38725,47],{"class":46},[36,38727,1333],{"class":50},[36,38729,2166],{"class":54},[36,38731,58],{"class":50},[36,38733,1340],{"class":54},[36,38735,58],{"class":50},[36,38737,6166],{"class":87},[36,38739,58],{"class":50},[36,38741,99],{"class":87},[36,38743,708],{"class":91},[36,38745,88],{"class":87},[36,38747,58],{"class":50},[36,38749,3893],{"class":1143},[36,38751,58],{"class":50},[36,38753,1144],{"class":1143},[36,38755,58],{"class":50},[36,38757,3948],{"class":1143},[36,38759,58],{"class":50},[36,38761,4644],{"class":54},[36,38763,1355],{"class":50},[36,38765,38766],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,38767,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,38769,38770,38772,38774,38776,38778,38780,38782,38784],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,38771,2280],{"class":42},[36,38773,47],{"class":46},[36,38775,37690],{"class":141},[36,38777,145],{"class":50},[36,38779,3822],{"class":1143},[36,38781,58],{"class":50},[36,38783,6005],{"class":148},[36,38785,152],{"class":50},[36,38787,38788,38790,38792,38794,38796,38798],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,38789,142],{"class":141},[36,38791,145],{"class":50},[36,38793,1225],{"class":80},[36,38795,145],{"class":50},[36,38797,2315],{"class":148},[36,38799,445],{"class":50},[14,38801,182],{},[26,38803,38805],{"className":28,"code":38804,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[33,38806,38807],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,38808,38809,38811,38813,38815,38817,38819,38821,38823,38825,38827,38829],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,38810,3941],{"class":50},[36,38812,55],{"class":54},[36,38814,58],{"class":50},[36,38816,220],{"class":87},[36,38818,708],{"class":91},[36,38820,211],{"class":87},[36,38822,58],{"class":50},[36,38824,1144],{"class":1143},[36,38826,58],{"class":50},[36,38828,4644],{"class":54},[36,38830,1355],{"class":50},[14,38832,38833],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[21,38835,5000,38837],{"id":38836},"when-to-use-filter",[33,38838,37611],{},[14,38840,495,38841,38843],{},[33,38842,37611],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[14,38845,38846],{},"It works well for:",[246,38848,38849,38852,38855],{},[249,38850,38851],{},"simple filtering rules",[249,38853,38854],{},"quick data cleaning",[249,38856,38857],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[14,38859,2257],{},[26,38861,38863],{"className":28,"code":38862,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[33,38864,38865,38897,38930,38934],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,38866,38867,38869,38871,38873,38875,38877,38879,38881,38883,38885,38887,38889,38891,38893,38895],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,38868,43],{"class":42},[36,38870,47],{"class":46},[36,38872,1333],{"class":50},[36,38874,55],{"class":54},[36,38876,58],{"class":50},[36,38878,61],{"class":54},[36,38880,58],{"class":50},[36,38882,66],{"class":54},[36,38884,58],{"class":50},[36,38886,559],{"class":54},[36,38888,58],{"class":50},[36,38890,4644],{"class":54},[36,38892,58],{"class":50},[36,38894,37679],{"class":54},[36,38896,1355],{"class":50},[36,38898,38899,38902,38904,38906,38908,38910,38912,38914,38916,38918,38920,38922,38924,38926,38928],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,38900,38901],{"class":42},"evens ",[36,38903,47],{"class":46},[36,38905,37690],{"class":141},[36,38907,145],{"class":50},[36,38909,37695],{"class":847},[36,38911,37699],{"class":37698},[36,38913,1213],{"class":50},[36,38915,3921],{"class":148},[36,38917,6443],{"class":46},[36,38919,61],{"class":54},[36,38921,6448],{"class":46},[36,38923,3875],{"class":54},[36,38925,58],{"class":50},[36,38927,4301],{"class":148},[36,38929,152],{"class":50},[36,38931,38932],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,38933,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,38935,38936,38938,38940,38942,38944,38947],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,38937,142],{"class":141},[36,38939,145],{"class":50},[36,38941,1225],{"class":80},[36,38943,145],{"class":50},[36,38945,38946],{"class":148},"evens",[36,38948,445],{"class":50},[14,38950,182],{},[26,38952,38953],{"className":28,"code":38627,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,38954,38955],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,38956,38957,38959,38961,38963,38965,38967,38969],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,38958,3941],{"class":50},[36,38960,481],{"class":54},[36,38962,58],{"class":50},[36,38964,559],{"class":54},[36,38966,58],{"class":50},[36,38968,37679],{"class":54},[36,38970,1355],{"class":50},[14,38972,38973,38974,38976],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[33,38975,5997],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[26,38978,38980],{"className":28,"code":38979,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[33,38981,38982,39014,39022,39026,39038,39054,39069,39073],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,38983,38984,38986,38988,38990,38992,38994,38996,38998,39000,39002,39004,39006,39008,39010,39012],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,38985,43],{"class":42},[36,38987,47],{"class":46},[36,38989,1333],{"class":50},[36,38991,55],{"class":54},[36,38993,58],{"class":50},[36,38995,61],{"class":54},[36,38997,58],{"class":50},[36,38999,66],{"class":54},[36,39001,58],{"class":50},[36,39003,559],{"class":54},[36,39005,58],{"class":50},[36,39007,4644],{"class":54},[36,39009,58],{"class":50},[36,39011,37679],{"class":54},[36,39013,1355],{"class":50},[36,39015,39016,39018,39020],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,39017,38901],{"class":42},[36,39019,47],{"class":46},[36,39021,7874],{"class":50},[36,39023,39024],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,39025,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,39027,39028,39030,39032,39034,39036],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,39029,5997],{"class":3917},[36,39031,6426],{"class":42},[36,39033,3924],{"class":3917},[36,39035,4301],{"class":42},[36,39037,6433],{"class":50},[36,39039,39040,39042,39044,39046,39048,39050,39052],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,39041,6438],{"class":3917},[36,39043,6426],{"class":42},[36,39045,6443],{"class":46},[36,39047,61],{"class":54},[36,39049,6448],{"class":46},[36,39051,3875],{"class":54},[36,39053,6433],{"class":50},[36,39055,39056,39059,39061,39063,39065,39067],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,39057,39058],{"class":42},"        evens",[36,39060,303],{"class":50},[36,39062,13586],{"class":148},[36,39064,145],{"class":50},[36,39066,2290],{"class":148},[36,39068,152],{"class":50},[36,39070,39071],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,39072,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,39074,39075,39077,39079,39081],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,39076,142],{"class":141},[36,39078,145],{"class":50},[36,39080,38946],{"class":148},[36,39082,152],{"class":50},[14,39084,182],{},[26,39086,39087],{"className":28,"code":38627,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,39088,39089],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,39090,39091,39093,39095,39097,39099,39101,39103],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,39092,3941],{"class":50},[36,39094,481],{"class":54},[36,39096,58],{"class":50},[36,39098,559],{"class":54},[36,39100,58],{"class":50},[36,39102,37679],{"class":54},[36,39104,1355],{"class":50},[14,39106,39107],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[26,39109,39111],{"className":28,"code":39110,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[33,39112,39113,39145,39178,39182],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,39114,39115,39117,39119,39121,39123,39125,39127,39129,39131,39133,39135,39137,39139,39141,39143],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,39116,43],{"class":42},[36,39118,47],{"class":46},[36,39120,1333],{"class":50},[36,39122,55],{"class":54},[36,39124,58],{"class":50},[36,39126,61],{"class":54},[36,39128,58],{"class":50},[36,39130,66],{"class":54},[36,39132,58],{"class":50},[36,39134,559],{"class":54},[36,39136,58],{"class":50},[36,39138,4644],{"class":54},[36,39140,58],{"class":50},[36,39142,37679],{"class":54},[36,39144,1355],{"class":50},[36,39146,39147,39149,39151,39153,39155,39157,39159,39161,39164,39166,39168,39170,39172,39174,39176],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,39148,38901],{"class":42},[36,39150,47],{"class":46},[36,39152,1333],{"class":50},[36,39154,2267],{"class":42},[36,39156,5997],{"class":3917},[36,39158,6426],{"class":42},[36,39160,3924],{"class":3917},[36,39162,39163],{"class":42}," numbers ",[36,39165,7037],{"class":3917},[36,39167,6426],{"class":42},[36,39169,6443],{"class":46},[36,39171,61],{"class":54},[36,39173,6448],{"class":46},[36,39175,3875],{"class":54},[36,39177,1355],{"class":50},[36,39179,39180],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,39181,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,39183,39184,39186,39188,39190],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,39185,142],{"class":141},[36,39187,145],{"class":50},[36,39189,38946],{"class":148},[36,39191,152],{"class":50},[14,39193,182],{},[26,39195,39196],{"className":28,"code":38627,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,39197,39198],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,39199,39200,39202,39204,39206,39208,39210,39212],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,39201,3941],{"class":50},[36,39203,481],{"class":54},[36,39205,58],{"class":50},[36,39207,559],{"class":54},[36,39209,58],{"class":50},[36,39211,37679],{"class":54},[36,39213,1355],{"class":50},[14,39215,39216,39217,303],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[294,39218,39220],{"href":39219},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[21,39222,1455],{"id":1454},[14,39224,14766,39225,303],{},[33,39226,37611],{},[376,39228,8489,39230,39232],{"id":39229},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[33,39231,37611],{}," to return a list",[14,39234,39235],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[26,39237,39239],{"className":28,"code":39238,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[33,39240,39241,39283],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,39242,39243,39245,39247,39249,39251,39253,39255,39257,39259,39261,39263,39265,39267,39269,39271,39273,39275,39277,39279,39281],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,39244,2280],{"class":42},[36,39246,47],{"class":46},[36,39248,37690],{"class":141},[36,39250,145],{"class":50},[36,39252,37695],{"class":847},[36,39254,37699],{"class":37698},[36,39256,1213],{"class":50},[36,39258,3921],{"class":148},[36,39260,4290],{"class":46},[36,39262,61],{"class":54},[36,39264,58],{"class":50},[36,39266,1333],{"class":50},[36,39268,55],{"class":54},[36,39270,58],{"class":50},[36,39272,61],{"class":54},[36,39274,58],{"class":50},[36,39276,66],{"class":54},[36,39278,58],{"class":50},[36,39280,559],{"class":54},[36,39282,115],{"class":50},[36,39284,39285,39287,39289,39291],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,39286,142],{"class":141},[36,39288,145],{"class":50},[36,39290,2315],{"class":148},[36,39292,152],{"class":50},[14,39294,39295],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[14,39297,39298],{},"Fix:",[26,39300,39302],{"className":28,"code":39301,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[33,39303,39304,39346],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,39305,39306,39308,39310,39312,39314,39316,39318,39320,39322,39324,39326,39328,39330,39332,39334,39336,39338,39340,39342,39344],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,39307,2280],{"class":42},[36,39309,47],{"class":46},[36,39311,37690],{"class":141},[36,39313,145],{"class":50},[36,39315,37695],{"class":847},[36,39317,37699],{"class":37698},[36,39319,1213],{"class":50},[36,39321,3921],{"class":148},[36,39323,4290],{"class":46},[36,39325,61],{"class":54},[36,39327,58],{"class":50},[36,39329,1333],{"class":50},[36,39331,55],{"class":54},[36,39333,58],{"class":50},[36,39335,61],{"class":54},[36,39337,58],{"class":50},[36,39339,66],{"class":54},[36,39341,58],{"class":50},[36,39343,559],{"class":54},[36,39345,115],{"class":50},[36,39347,39348,39350,39352,39354,39356,39358],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,39349,142],{"class":141},[36,39351,145],{"class":50},[36,39353,1225],{"class":80},[36,39355,145],{"class":50},[36,39357,2315],{"class":148},[36,39359,445],{"class":50},[376,39361,39363,39364,298,39366,39368],{"id":39362},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[33,39365,3649],{},[33,39367,3716],{}," clearly",[14,39370,39371],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[14,39373,39374],{},"Good example:",[26,39376,39378],{"className":28,"code":39377,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[33,39379,39380,39393],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,39381,39382,39384,39387,39389,39391],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,39383,34886],{"class":847},[36,39385,39386],{"class":34889}," is_positive",[36,39388,145],{"class":50},[36,39390,2290],{"class":37698},[36,39392,8378],{"class":50},[36,39394,39395,39397,39399,39401],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,39396,34897],{"class":3917},[36,39398,6426],{"class":42},[36,39400,4290],{"class":46},[36,39402,38549],{"class":54},[14,39404,39405],{},"Then use it with:",[26,39407,39409],{"className":28,"code":39408,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[33,39410,39411,39443],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,39412,39413,39415,39417,39419,39421,39423,39425,39427,39429,39431,39433,39435,39437,39439,39441],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,39414,43],{"class":42},[36,39416,47],{"class":46},[36,39418,1333],{"class":50},[36,39420,2070],{"class":46},[36,39422,481],{"class":54},[36,39424,58],{"class":50},[36,39426,2272],{"class":46},[36,39428,55],{"class":54},[36,39430,58],{"class":50},[36,39432,3875],{"class":54},[36,39434,58],{"class":50},[36,39436,1340],{"class":54},[36,39438,58],{"class":50},[36,39440,61],{"class":54},[36,39442,1355],{"class":50},[36,39444,39445,39447,39449,39451,39453,39455,39457,39460,39462,39464],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,39446,142],{"class":141},[36,39448,145],{"class":50},[36,39450,1225],{"class":80},[36,39452,145],{"class":50},[36,39454,37637],{"class":141},[36,39456,145],{"class":50},[36,39458,39459],{"class":148},"is_positive",[36,39461,58],{"class":50},[36,39463,4301],{"class":148},[36,39465,2961],{"class":50},[14,39467,182],{},[26,39469,39471],{"className":28,"code":39470,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[1, 2]\n",[33,39472,39473],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,39474,39475,39477,39479,39481,39483],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,39476,3941],{"class":50},[36,39478,55],{"class":54},[36,39480,58],{"class":50},[36,39482,61],{"class":54},[36,39484,1355],{"class":50},[376,39486,39488],{"id":39487},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[14,39490,39491],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[26,39493,39494],{"className":28,"code":38233,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,39495,39496,39538,39542,39556],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,39497,39498,39500,39502,39504,39506,39508,39510,39512,39514,39516,39518,39520,39522,39524,39526,39528,39530,39532,39534,39536],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,39499,2280],{"class":42},[36,39501,47],{"class":46},[36,39503,37690],{"class":141},[36,39505,145],{"class":50},[36,39507,37695],{"class":847},[36,39509,37699],{"class":37698},[36,39511,1213],{"class":50},[36,39513,3921],{"class":148},[36,39515,4290],{"class":46},[36,39517,61],{"class":54},[36,39519,58],{"class":50},[36,39521,1333],{"class":50},[36,39523,55],{"class":54},[36,39525,58],{"class":50},[36,39527,61],{"class":54},[36,39529,58],{"class":50},[36,39531,66],{"class":54},[36,39533,58],{"class":50},[36,39535,559],{"class":54},[36,39537,115],{"class":50},[36,39539,39540],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,39541,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,39543,39544,39546,39548,39550,39552,39554],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,39545,142],{"class":141},[36,39547,145],{"class":50},[36,39549,1225],{"class":80},[36,39551,145],{"class":50},[36,39553,2315],{"class":148},[36,39555,445],{"class":50},[36,39557,39558,39560,39562,39564,39566,39568],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,39559,142],{"class":141},[36,39561,145],{"class":50},[36,39563,1225],{"class":80},[36,39565,145],{"class":50},[36,39567,2315],{"class":148},[36,39569,445],{"class":50},[14,39571,182],{},[26,39573,39574],{"className":28,"code":38314,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,39575,39576,39588],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,39577,39578,39580,39582,39584,39586],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,39579,3941],{"class":50},[36,39581,485],{"class":54},[36,39583,58],{"class":50},[36,39585,559],{"class":54},[36,39587,1355],{"class":50},[36,39589,39590],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,39591,38333],{"class":50},[14,39593,39594],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[26,39596,39598],{"className":28,"code":39597,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[33,39599,39600,39646,39650,39660],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,39601,39602,39604,39606,39608,39610,39612,39614,39616,39618,39620,39622,39624,39626,39628,39630,39632,39634,39636,39638,39640,39642,39644],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,39603,2280],{"class":42},[36,39605,47],{"class":46},[36,39607,22592],{"class":80},[36,39609,145],{"class":50},[36,39611,37637],{"class":141},[36,39613,145],{"class":50},[36,39615,37695],{"class":847},[36,39617,37699],{"class":37698},[36,39619,1213],{"class":50},[36,39621,3921],{"class":148},[36,39623,4290],{"class":46},[36,39625,61],{"class":54},[36,39627,58],{"class":50},[36,39629,1333],{"class":50},[36,39631,55],{"class":54},[36,39633,58],{"class":50},[36,39635,61],{"class":54},[36,39637,58],{"class":50},[36,39639,66],{"class":54},[36,39641,58],{"class":50},[36,39643,559],{"class":54},[36,39645,3047],{"class":50},[36,39647,39648],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,39649,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,39651,39652,39654,39656,39658],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,39653,142],{"class":141},[36,39655,145],{"class":50},[36,39657,2315],{"class":148},[36,39659,152],{"class":50},[36,39661,39662,39664,39666,39668],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,39663,142],{"class":141},[36,39665,145],{"class":50},[36,39667,2315],{"class":148},[36,39669,152],{"class":50},[376,39671,39673],{"id":39672},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[14,39675,39676],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[14,39678,16673],{},[26,39680,39682],{"className":28,"code":39681,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[33,39683,39684],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,39685,39686],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,39687,39681],{"class":1617},[14,39689,39690,39691,6591],{},"This causes an error because ",[33,39692,631],{},[14,39694,16685],{},[26,39696,39698],{"className":28,"code":39697,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[33,39699,39700],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,39701,39702,39704,39706,39708,39710,39712,39714,39716,39718,39720,39722,39724,39726,39728,39730,39732,39734,39736,39738,39740,39742,39744],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,39703,142],{"class":141},[36,39705,145],{"class":50},[36,39707,1225],{"class":80},[36,39709,145],{"class":50},[36,39711,37637],{"class":141},[36,39713,145],{"class":50},[36,39715,37695],{"class":847},[36,39717,37699],{"class":37698},[36,39719,1213],{"class":50},[36,39721,3921],{"class":148},[36,39723,4290],{"class":46},[36,39725,61],{"class":54},[36,39727,58],{"class":50},[36,39729,1333],{"class":50},[36,39731,55],{"class":54},[36,39733,58],{"class":50},[36,39735,61],{"class":54},[36,39737,58],{"class":50},[36,39739,66],{"class":54},[36,39741,58],{"class":50},[36,39743,559],{"class":54},[36,39745,37300],{"class":50},[376,39747,37239,39749,8741,39751],{"id":39748},"confusing-filter-with-map",[33,39750,37611],{},[33,39752,39753],{},"map()",[246,39755,39756,39761],{},[249,39757,39758,39760],{},[33,39759,37611],{}," keeps or removes items",[249,39762,39763,39765],{},[33,39764,39753],{}," changes each item into a new value",[14,39767,39768,39769,1213],{},"Example of ",[33,39770,37611],{},[26,39772,39774],{"className":28,"code":39773,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[33,39775,39776,39800],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,39777,39778,39780,39782,39784,39786,39788,39790,39792,39794,39796,39798],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,39779,43],{"class":42},[36,39781,47],{"class":46},[36,39783,1333],{"class":50},[36,39785,55],{"class":54},[36,39787,58],{"class":50},[36,39789,61],{"class":54},[36,39791,58],{"class":50},[36,39793,66],{"class":54},[36,39795,58],{"class":50},[36,39797,559],{"class":54},[36,39799,1355],{"class":50},[36,39801,39802,39804,39806,39808,39810,39812,39814,39816,39818,39820,39822,39824,39826,39828,39830],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,39803,142],{"class":141},[36,39805,145],{"class":50},[36,39807,1225],{"class":80},[36,39809,145],{"class":50},[36,39811,37637],{"class":141},[36,39813,145],{"class":50},[36,39815,37695],{"class":847},[36,39817,37699],{"class":37698},[36,39819,1213],{"class":50},[36,39821,3921],{"class":148},[36,39823,4290],{"class":46},[36,39825,61],{"class":54},[36,39827,58],{"class":50},[36,39829,4301],{"class":148},[36,39831,2961],{"class":50},[14,39833,182],{},[26,39835,39837],{"className":28,"code":39836,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[3, 4]\n",[33,39838,39839],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,39840,39841,39843,39845,39847,39849],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,39842,3941],{"class":50},[36,39844,485],{"class":54},[36,39846,58],{"class":50},[36,39848,559],{"class":54},[36,39850,1355],{"class":50},[14,39852,39768,39853,1213],{},[33,39854,39753],{},[26,39856,39858],{"className":28,"code":39857,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[33,39859,39860,39884],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,39861,39862,39864,39866,39868,39870,39872,39874,39876,39878,39880,39882],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,39863,43],{"class":42},[36,39865,47],{"class":46},[36,39867,1333],{"class":50},[36,39869,55],{"class":54},[36,39871,58],{"class":50},[36,39873,61],{"class":54},[36,39875,58],{"class":50},[36,39877,66],{"class":54},[36,39879,58],{"class":50},[36,39881,559],{"class":54},[36,39883,1355],{"class":50},[36,39885,39886,39888,39890,39892,39894,39897,39899,39901,39903,39905,39907,39910,39912,39914,39916],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,39887,142],{"class":141},[36,39889,145],{"class":50},[36,39891,1225],{"class":80},[36,39893,145],{"class":50},[36,39895,39896],{"class":141},"map",[36,39898,145],{"class":50},[36,39900,37695],{"class":847},[36,39902,37699],{"class":37698},[36,39904,1213],{"class":50},[36,39906,3921],{"class":148},[36,39908,39909],{"class":46},"*",[36,39911,61],{"class":54},[36,39913,58],{"class":50},[36,39915,4301],{"class":148},[36,39917,2961],{"class":50},[14,39919,182],{},[26,39921,39923],{"className":28,"code":39922,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[33,39924,39925],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,39926,39927,39929,39931,39933,39935,39937,39939,39941,39943],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,39928,3941],{"class":50},[36,39930,481],{"class":54},[36,39932,58],{"class":50},[36,39934,559],{"class":54},[36,39936,58],{"class":50},[36,39938,37679],{"class":54},[36,39940,58],{"class":50},[36,39942,6399],{"class":54},[36,39944,1355],{"class":50},[14,39946,39947,39948,303],{},"For the related function, see ",[294,39949,1935,39951,3554],{"href":39950},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[33,39952,39753],{},[21,39954,1872],{"id":1871},[376,39956,12735,39958,39960],{"id":39957},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[33,39959,37611],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[14,39962,39963,39964,39966],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[33,39965,24814],{}," if needed.",[376,39968,39970,39971,39973],{"id":39969},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[33,39972,37611],{}," need to return?",[14,39975,37918,39976,39978,39979,39981],{},[33,39977,3649],{}," to keep an item and ",[33,39980,3716],{}," to remove it.",[376,39983,28363,39985,39987],{"id":39984},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[33,39986,37611],{}," without lambda?",[14,39989,39990],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[376,39992,5182,39994,39997],{"id":39993},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[33,39995,39996],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[14,39999,40000,40001,40003,40004,17102,40006,303],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[33,40002,2166],{},", empty strings, ",[33,40005,3822],{},[33,40007,3716],{},[376,40009,21452,40011,40013],{"id":40010},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[33,40012,37611],{}," or a list comprehension?",[14,40015,40016,40017,40019],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[33,40018,5997],{}," loops easier to read.",[14,40021,40022],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[246,40024,40025,40031,40037],{},[249,40026,40027,40028,40030],{},"use ",[33,40029,37611],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[249,40032,40033,40034,40036],{},"use a ",[33,40035,5997],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[249,40038,40039],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[14,40041,40042,40043,303],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[294,40044,5172],{"href":40045},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[21,40047,1923],{"id":1922},[246,40049,40050,40055,40059,40064,40070],{},[249,40051,40052],{},[294,40053,40054],{"href":38490},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[249,40056,40057],{},[294,40058,5262],{"href":40045},[249,40060,40061],{},[294,40062,40063],{"href":39219},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[249,40065,40066],{},[294,40067,1935,40068,3554],{"href":39950},[33,40069,39753],{},[249,40071,40072],{},[294,40073,5257],{"href":5625},[1962,40075,40076],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":40078},[40079,40080,40082,40086,40089,40091,40093,40095,40097,40107,40119],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":37745,"depth":72,"text":40081},"What filter() does",{"id":37879,"depth":72,"text":37880,"children":40083},[40084,40085],{"id":37896,"depth":118,"text":37896},{"id":3764,"depth":118,"text":3764},{"id":38055,"depth":72,"text":38056,"children":40087},[40088],{"id":38226,"depth":118,"text":38227},{"id":38339,"depth":72,"text":40090},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38494,"depth":72,"text":40092},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38656,"depth":72,"text":40094},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38836,"depth":72,"text":40096},"When to use filter()",{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455,"children":40098},[40099,40101,40103,40104,40105],{"id":39229,"depth":118,"text":40100},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39362,"depth":118,"text":40102},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39487,"depth":118,"text":39488},{"id":39672,"depth":118,"text":39673},{"id":39748,"depth":118,"text":40106},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":40108},[40109,40111,40113,40115,40117],{"id":39957,"depth":118,"text":40110},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39969,"depth":118,"text":40112},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39984,"depth":118,"text":40114},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39993,"depth":118,"text":40116},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40010,"depth":118,"text":40118},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37603,"description":40120},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40127,"title":40128,"body":40129,"description":42281,"extension":2009,"meta":42282,"navigation":134,"path":42283,"seo":42284,"stem":42285,"__hash__":42286},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40130,"toc":42235},[40131,40134,40139,40145,40147,40199,40201,40220,40225,40229,40234,40237,40252,40255,40277,40279,40328,40330,40354,40356,40358,40373,40378,40386,40401,40403,40412,40415,40450,40454,40459,40463,40470,40505,40507,40523,40527,40530,40571,40573,40587,40591,40594,40618,40620,40629,40632,40635,40668,40670,40683,40687,40693,40712,40714,40722,40726,40731,40735,40741,40764,40766,40795,40798,40817,40821,40824,40851,40853,40887,40891,40894,40918,40922,40933,40935,40940,40946,40948,41032,41034,41076,41079,41083,41090,41099,41155,41162,41171,41176,41180,41251,41253,41262,41266,41269,41313,41315,41324,41328,41334,41384,41388,41393,41397,41421,41423,41432,41436,41460,41462,41473,41477,41501,41503,41512,41515,41532,41538,41542,41548,41551,41556,41559,41580,41582,41614,41617,41622,41624,41635,41637,41681,41685,41692,41744,41746,41755,41759,41762,41855,41858,41882,41886,41889,41981,41986,41990,41997,42002,42026,42028,42037,42042,42065,42067,42075,42082,42105,42113,42115,42128,42138,42140,42144,42151,42155,42164,42168,42175,42179,42183,42187,42200,42202,42232],[10,40132,40128],{"id":40133},"python-float-function-explained",[14,40135,9157,40136,40138],{},[33,40137,2933],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[14,40140,40141,40142,40144],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[33,40143,2933],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[21,40146,2051],{"id":2050},[26,40148,40150],{"className":28,"code":40149,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[33,40151,40152,40166,40185],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,40153,40154,40156,40158,40160,40162,40164],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,40155,142],{"class":141},[36,40157,145],{"class":50},[36,40159,2241],{"class":80},[36,40161,145],{"class":50},[36,40163,2183],{"class":54},[36,40165,445],{"class":50},[36,40167,40168,40170,40172,40174,40176,40178,40181,40183],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,40169,142],{"class":141},[36,40171,145],{"class":50},[36,40173,2241],{"class":80},[36,40175,145],{"class":50},[36,40177,88],{"class":87},[36,40179,40180],{"class":91},"3.14",[36,40182,88],{"class":87},[36,40184,445],{"class":50},[36,40186,40187,40189,40191,40193,40195,40197],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,40188,142],{"class":141},[36,40190,145],{"class":50},[36,40192,2241],{"class":80},[36,40194,145],{"class":50},[36,40196,3649],{"class":1143},[36,40198,445],{"class":50},[14,40200,182],{},[26,40202,40204],{"className":28,"code":40203,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[33,40205,40206,40210,40215],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,40207,40208],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,40209,2528],{"class":54},[36,40211,40212],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,40213,40214],{"class":54},"3.14\n",[36,40216,40217],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,40218,40219],{"class":54},"1.0\n",[14,40221,495,40222,40224],{},[33,40223,2933],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[21,40226,40228],{"id":40227},"what-float-does","What float() does",[14,40230,40231,40233],{},[33,40232,2933],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[14,40235,40236],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[246,40238,40239,40243,40247],{},[249,40240,40241],{},[33,40242,2540],{},[249,40244,40245],{},[33,40246,40180],{},[249,40248,40249],{},[33,40250,40251],{},"0.5",[14,40253,40254],{},"A few key points:",[246,40256,40257,40264,40267,40270],{},[249,40258,40259,40261,40262],{},[33,40260,2933],{}," returns a value of type ",[33,40263,2241],{},[249,40265,40266],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[249,40268,40269],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[249,40271,40272,40273],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[294,40274,40275],{"href":8255},[33,40276,3007],{},[14,40278,2257],{},[26,40280,40282],{"className":28,"code":40281,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[33,40283,40284,40304,40314],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,40285,40286,40288,40290,40293,40295,40297,40300,40302],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,40287,2267],{"class":42},[36,40289,47],{"class":46},[36,40291,40292],{"class":80}," float",[36,40294,145],{"class":50},[36,40296,88],{"class":87},[36,40298,40299],{"class":91},"2.75",[36,40301,88],{"class":87},[36,40303,152],{"class":50},[36,40305,40306,40308,40310,40312],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,40307,142],{"class":141},[36,40309,145],{"class":50},[36,40311,2290],{"class":148},[36,40313,152],{"class":50},[36,40315,40316,40318,40320,40322,40324,40326],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,40317,142],{"class":141},[36,40319,145],{"class":50},[36,40321,818],{"class":80},[36,40323,145],{"class":50},[36,40325,2290],{"class":148},[36,40327,445],{"class":50},[14,40329,182],{},[26,40331,40333],{"className":28,"code":40332,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[33,40334,40335,40340],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,40336,40337],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,40338,40339],{"class":54},"2.75\n",[36,40341,40342,40344,40346,40348,40350,40352],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,40343,844],{"class":46},[36,40345,848],{"class":847},[36,40347,220],{"class":87},[36,40349,2241],{"class":91},[36,40351,211],{"class":87},[36,40353,857],{"class":46},[21,40355,2205],{"id":2204},[14,40357,7257],{},[26,40359,40361],{"className":28,"code":40360,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"float(value)\n",[33,40362,40363],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,40364,40365,40367,40369,40371],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,40366,2241],{"class":80},[36,40368,145],{"class":50},[36,40370,1495],{"class":148},[36,40372,152],{"class":50},[14,40374,40375,40376,303],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[33,40377,2933],{},[14,40379,40380,40381,40383,40384,1213],{},"If you call ",[33,40382,2933],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[33,40385,3812],{},[26,40387,40389],{"className":28,"code":40388,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(float())\n",[33,40390,40391],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,40392,40393,40395,40397,40399],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,40394,142],{"class":141},[36,40396,145],{"class":50},[36,40398,2241],{"class":80},[36,40400,1847],{"class":50},[14,40402,182],{},[26,40404,40406],{"className":28,"code":40405,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"0.0\n",[33,40407,40408],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,40409,40410],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,40411,40405],{"class":54},[14,40413,40414],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[26,40416,40418],{"className":28,"code":40417,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[33,40419,40420,40440],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,40421,40422,40425,40427,40429,40431,40433,40436,40438],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,40423,40424],{"class":42},"price ",[36,40426,47],{"class":46},[36,40428,40292],{"class":80},[36,40430,145],{"class":50},[36,40432,88],{"class":87},[36,40434,40435],{"class":91},"19.99",[36,40437,88],{"class":87},[36,40439,152],{"class":50},[36,40441,40442,40444,40446,40448],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,40443,142],{"class":141},[36,40445,145],{"class":50},[36,40447,25183],{"class":148},[36,40449,152],{"class":50},[21,40451,40453],{"id":40452},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[14,40455,40456,40458],{},[33,40457,2933],{}," can convert several common value types.",[376,40460,40462],{"id":40461},"integers","Integers",[14,40464,40465,40466,40469],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[33,40467,40468],{},".0"," added:",[26,40471,40473],{"className":28,"code":40472,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[33,40474,40475,40489],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,40476,40477,40479,40481,40483,40485,40487],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,40478,142],{"class":141},[36,40480,145],{"class":50},[36,40482,2241],{"class":80},[36,40484,145],{"class":50},[36,40486,2183],{"class":54},[36,40488,445],{"class":50},[36,40490,40491,40493,40495,40497,40499,40501,40503],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,40492,142],{"class":141},[36,40494,145],{"class":50},[36,40496,2241],{"class":80},[36,40498,145],{"class":50},[36,40500,2070],{"class":46},[36,40502,481],{"class":54},[36,40504,445],{"class":50},[14,40506,182],{},[26,40508,40510],{"className":28,"code":40509,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[33,40511,40512,40516],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,40513,40514],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,40515,2528],{"class":54},[36,40517,40518,40520],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,40519,2070],{"class":46},[36,40521,40522],{"class":54},"2.0\n",[376,40524,40526],{"id":40525},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[14,40528,40529],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[26,40531,40533],{"className":28,"code":40532,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[33,40534,40535,40553],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,40536,40537,40539,40541,40543,40545,40547,40549,40551],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,40538,142],{"class":141},[36,40540,145],{"class":50},[36,40542,2241],{"class":80},[36,40544,145],{"class":50},[36,40546,88],{"class":87},[36,40548,40180],{"class":91},[36,40550,88],{"class":87},[36,40552,445],{"class":50},[36,40554,40555,40557,40559,40561,40563,40565,40567,40569],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,40556,142],{"class":141},[36,40558,145],{"class":50},[36,40560,2241],{"class":80},[36,40562,145],{"class":50},[36,40564,88],{"class":87},[36,40566,631],{"class":91},[36,40568,88],{"class":87},[36,40570,445],{"class":50},[14,40572,182],{},[26,40574,40576],{"className":28,"code":40575,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"3.14\n10.0\n",[33,40577,40578,40582],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,40579,40580],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,40581,40214],{"class":54},[36,40583,40584],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,40585,40586],{"class":54},"10.0\n",[376,40588,40590],{"id":40589},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[14,40592,40593],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[26,40595,40597],{"className":28,"code":40596,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[33,40598,40599],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,40600,40601,40603,40605,40607,40609,40611,40614,40616],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,40602,142],{"class":141},[36,40604,145],{"class":50},[36,40606,2241],{"class":80},[36,40608,145],{"class":50},[36,40610,88],{"class":87},[36,40612,40613],{"class":91},"  8.5  ",[36,40615,88],{"class":87},[36,40617,445],{"class":50},[14,40619,182],{},[26,40621,40623],{"className":28,"code":40622,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"8.5\n",[33,40624,40625],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,40626,40627],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,40628,40622],{"class":54},[376,40630,1103],{"id":40631},"booleans",[14,40633,40634],{},"Boolean values also work:",[26,40636,40638],{"className":28,"code":40637,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[33,40639,40640,40654],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,40641,40642,40644,40646,40648,40650,40652],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,40643,142],{"class":141},[36,40645,145],{"class":50},[36,40647,2241],{"class":80},[36,40649,145],{"class":50},[36,40651,3649],{"class":1143},[36,40653,445],{"class":50},[36,40655,40656,40658,40660,40662,40664,40666],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,40657,142],{"class":141},[36,40659,145],{"class":50},[36,40661,2241],{"class":80},[36,40663,145],{"class":50},[36,40665,3716],{"class":1143},[36,40667,445],{"class":50},[14,40669,182],{},[26,40671,40673],{"className":28,"code":40672,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"1.0\n0.0\n",[33,40674,40675,40679],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,40676,40677],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,40678,40219],{"class":54},[36,40680,40681],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,40682,40405],{"class":54},[376,40684,40686],{"id":40685},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[14,40688,40689,40690,40692],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[33,40691,2933],{}," returns a float version of it:",[26,40694,40696],{"className":28,"code":40695,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(float(4.2))\n",[33,40697,40698],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,40699,40700,40702,40704,40706,40708,40710],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,40701,142],{"class":141},[36,40703,145],{"class":50},[36,40705,2241],{"class":80},[36,40707,145],{"class":50},[36,40709,2413],{"class":54},[36,40711,445],{"class":50},[14,40713,182],{},[26,40715,40716],{"className":28,"code":2437,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,40717,40718],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,40719,40720],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,40721,2437],{"class":54},[21,40723,40725],{"id":40724},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[14,40727,40728,40729,303],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[33,40730,2933],{},[376,40732,40734],{"id":40733},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[14,40736,40737,40738,1213],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[33,40739,40740],{},"ValueError",[26,40742,40744],{"className":28,"code":40743,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[33,40745,40746],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,40747,40748,40750,40752,40754,40756,40758,40760,40762],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,40749,142],{"class":141},[36,40751,145],{"class":50},[36,40753,2241],{"class":80},[36,40755,145],{"class":50},[36,40757,88],{"class":87},[36,40759,708],{"class":91},[36,40761,88],{"class":87},[36,40763,445],{"class":50},[14,40765,29716],{},[26,40767,40769],{"className":28,"code":40768,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[33,40770,40771],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,40772,40773,40775,40777,40780,40782,40785,40787,40789,40791,40793],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,40774,40740],{"class":80},[36,40776,1213],{"class":50},[36,40778,40779],{"class":42}," could ",[36,40781,870],{"class":46},[36,40783,40784],{"class":42}," convert string to ",[36,40786,2241],{"class":80},[36,40788,1213],{"class":50},[36,40790,220],{"class":87},[36,40792,708],{"class":91},[36,40794,1228],{"class":87},[14,40796,40797],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[26,40799,40801],{"className":28,"code":40800,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[33,40802,40803],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,40804,40805,40807,40809,40811,40813,40815],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,40806,142],{"class":141},[36,40808,145],{"class":50},[36,40810,2241],{"class":80},[36,40812,145],{"class":50},[36,40814,6312],{"class":87},[36,40816,445],{"class":50},[376,40818,40820],{"id":40819},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[14,40822,40823],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[26,40825,40827],{"className":28,"code":40826,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[33,40828,40829],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,40830,40831,40833,40835,40837,40839,40841,40843,40845,40847,40849],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,40832,142],{"class":141},[36,40834,145],{"class":50},[36,40836,2241],{"class":80},[36,40838,84],{"class":50},[36,40840,55],{"class":54},[36,40842,58],{"class":50},[36,40844,61],{"class":54},[36,40846,58],{"class":50},[36,40848,66],{"class":54},[36,40850,3047],{"class":50},[14,40852,29716],{},[26,40854,40856],{"className":28,"code":40855,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[33,40857,40858],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,40859,40860,40862,40864,40866,40868,40871,40874,40877,40879,40881,40883,40885],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,40861,1210],{"class":80},[36,40863,1213],{"class":50},[36,40865,40292],{"class":80},[36,40867,7405],{"class":50},[36,40869,40870],{"class":42}," argument must be a string ",[36,40872,40873],{"class":46},"or",[36,40875,40876],{"class":42}," a real number",[36,40878,58],{"class":50},[36,40880,8135],{"class":46},[36,40882,220],{"class":87},[36,40884,1225],{"class":91},[36,40886,1228],{"class":87},[376,40888,40890],{"id":40889},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[14,40892,40893],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[26,40895,40897],{"className":28,"code":40896,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[33,40898,40899],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,40900,40901,40903,40905,40907,40909,40911,40914,40916],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,40902,142],{"class":141},[36,40904,145],{"class":50},[36,40906,2241],{"class":80},[36,40908,145],{"class":50},[36,40910,88],{"class":87},[36,40912,40913],{"class":91},"3,14",[36,40915,88],{"class":87},[36,40917,445],{"class":50},[14,40919,3050,40920,303],{},[33,40921,40740],{},[14,40923,40924,40925,482,40929,303],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[294,40926,40928],{"href":40927},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[294,40930,40932],{"href":40931},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[21,40934,17449],{"id":17448},[14,40936,40937,40939],{},[33,40938,2933],{}," returns a new float value.",[14,40941,40942,40943,40945],{},"It does ",[180,40944,870],{}," change the original value in place.",[14,40947,2257],{},[26,40949,40951],{"className":28,"code":40950,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[33,40952,40953,40966,40980,40984,40994,41004,41018],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,40954,40955,40957,40959,40961,40964],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,40956,34722],{"class":42},[36,40958,47],{"class":46},[36,40960,99],{"class":87},[36,40962,40963],{"class":91},"6.5",[36,40965,3403],{"class":87},[36,40967,40968,40970,40972,40974,40976,40978],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,40969,2267],{"class":42},[36,40971,47],{"class":46},[36,40973,40292],{"class":80},[36,40975,145],{"class":50},[36,40977,34743],{"class":148},[36,40979,152],{"class":50},[36,40981,40982],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,40983,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,40985,40986,40988,40990,40992],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,40987,142],{"class":141},[36,40989,145],{"class":50},[36,40991,34743],{"class":148},[36,40993,152],{"class":50},[36,40995,40996,40998,41000,41002],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,40997,142],{"class":141},[36,40999,145],{"class":50},[36,41001,2290],{"class":148},[36,41003,152],{"class":50},[36,41005,41006,41008,41010,41012,41014,41016],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,41007,142],{"class":141},[36,41009,145],{"class":50},[36,41011,818],{"class":80},[36,41013,145],{"class":50},[36,41015,34743],{"class":148},[36,41017,445],{"class":50},[36,41019,41020,41022,41024,41026,41028,41030],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,41021,142],{"class":141},[36,41023,145],{"class":50},[36,41025,818],{"class":80},[36,41027,145],{"class":50},[36,41029,2290],{"class":148},[36,41031,445],{"class":50},[14,41033,182],{},[26,41035,41037],{"className":28,"code":41036,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[33,41038,41039,41044,41048,41062],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,41040,41041],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,41042,41043],{"class":54},"6.5\n",[36,41045,41046],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,41047,41043],{"class":54},[36,41049,41050,41052,41054,41056,41058,41060],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,41051,844],{"class":46},[36,41053,848],{"class":847},[36,41055,220],{"class":87},[36,41057,3488],{"class":91},[36,41059,211],{"class":87},[36,41061,857],{"class":46},[36,41063,41064,41066,41068,41070,41072,41074],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,41065,844],{"class":46},[36,41067,848],{"class":847},[36,41069,220],{"class":87},[36,41071,2241],{"class":91},[36,41073,211],{"class":87},[36,41075,857],{"class":46},[14,41077,41078],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[21,41080,41082],{"id":41081},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[376,41084,41086,41087,41089],{"id":41085},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[33,41088,3007],{}," text into a decimal number",[14,41091,2026,41092,41096,41097,303],{},[294,41093,41094,2354],{"href":8255},[33,41095,3007],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[33,41098,2933],{},[26,41100,41102],{"className":28,"code":41101,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[33,41103,41104,41123,41137,41141],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,41105,41106,41108,41110,41112,41114,41116,41119,41121],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,41107,8273],{"class":42},[36,41109,47],{"class":46},[36,41111,8278],{"class":141},[36,41113,145],{"class":50},[36,41115,88],{"class":87},[36,41117,41118],{"class":91},"Enter a price: ",[36,41120,88],{"class":87},[36,41122,152],{"class":50},[36,41124,41125,41127,41129,41131,41133,41135],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,41126,40424],{"class":42},[36,41128,47],{"class":46},[36,41130,40292],{"class":80},[36,41132,145],{"class":50},[36,41134,8302],{"class":148},[36,41136,152],{"class":50},[36,41138,41139],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,41140,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,41142,41143,41145,41147,41149,41151,41153],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,41144,142],{"class":141},[36,41146,145],{"class":50},[36,41148,40424],{"class":148},[36,41150,39909],{"class":46},[36,41152,61],{"class":54},[36,41154,152],{"class":50},[14,41156,41157,41158,41161],{},"If the user enters ",[33,41159,41160],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[26,41163,41165],{"className":28,"code":41164,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"9.0\n",[33,41166,41167],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,41168,41169],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,41170,41164],{"class":54},[14,41172,41173,41174,303],{},"For more help with this, see ",[294,41175,9015],{"href":9014},[376,41177,41179],{"id":41178},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[26,41181,41183],{"className":28,"code":41182,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[33,41184,41185,41198,41211,41215,41240],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,41186,41187,41189,41191,41193,41196],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,41188,2604],{"class":42},[36,41190,47],{"class":46},[36,41192,99],{"class":87},[36,41194,41195],{"class":91},"2.5",[36,41197,3403],{"class":87},[36,41199,41200,41202,41204,41206,41209],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,41201,2632],{"class":42},[36,41203,47],{"class":46},[36,41205,99],{"class":87},[36,41207,41208],{"class":91},"1.5",[36,41210,3403],{"class":87},[36,41212,41213],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,41214,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,41216,41217,41220,41222,41224,41226,41228,41230,41232,41234,41236,41238],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,41218,41219],{"class":42},"total ",[36,41221,47],{"class":46},[36,41223,40292],{"class":80},[36,41225,145],{"class":50},[36,41227,294],{"class":148},[36,41229,3703],{"class":50},[36,41231,2504],{"class":46},[36,41233,40292],{"class":80},[36,41235,145],{"class":50},[36,41237,1707],{"class":148},[36,41239,152],{"class":50},[36,41241,41242,41244,41246,41249],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,41243,142],{"class":141},[36,41245,145],{"class":50},[36,41247,41248],{"class":148},"total",[36,41250,152],{"class":50},[14,41252,182],{},[26,41254,41256],{"className":28,"code":41255,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"4.0\n",[33,41257,41258],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,41259,41260],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,41261,41255],{"class":54},[376,41263,41265],{"id":41264},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[14,41267,41268],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[26,41270,41272],{"className":28,"code":41271,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,41273,41274,41284,41299,41303],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,41275,41276,41279,41281],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,41277,41278],{"class":42},"count ",[36,41280,47],{"class":46},[36,41282,41283],{"class":54}," 7\n",[36,41285,41286,41288,41290,41292,41294,41297],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,41287,2280],{"class":42},[36,41289,47],{"class":46},[36,41291,40292],{"class":80},[36,41293,145],{"class":50},[36,41295,41296],{"class":148},"count",[36,41298,152],{"class":50},[36,41300,41301],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,41302,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,41304,41305,41307,41309,41311],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,41306,142],{"class":141},[36,41308,145],{"class":50},[36,41310,2315],{"class":148},[36,41312,152],{"class":50},[14,41314,182],{},[26,41316,41318],{"className":28,"code":41317,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"7.0\n",[33,41319,41320],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,41321,41322],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,41323,41317],{"class":54},[376,41325,41327],{"id":41326},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[14,41329,41330,41331,41333],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[33,41332,2933],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[26,41335,41337],{"className":28,"code":41336,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[33,41338,41339,41353,41369,41373],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,41340,41341,41344,41346,41348,41351],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,41342,41343],{"class":42},"temperature_text ",[36,41345,47],{"class":46},[36,41347,99],{"class":87},[36,41349,41350],{"class":91},"21.8",[36,41352,3403],{"class":87},[36,41354,41355,41358,41360,41362,41364,41367],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,41356,41357],{"class":42},"temperature ",[36,41359,47],{"class":46},[36,41361,40292],{"class":80},[36,41363,145],{"class":50},[36,41365,41366],{"class":148},"temperature_text",[36,41368,152],{"class":50},[36,41370,41371],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,41372,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,41374,41375,41377,41379,41382],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,41376,142],{"class":141},[36,41378,145],{"class":50},[36,41380,41381],{"class":148},"temperature",[36,41383,152],{"class":50},[21,41385,41387],{"id":41386},"special-values","Special values",[14,41389,41390,41392],{},[33,41391,2933],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[376,41394,41396],{"id":41395},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[26,41398,41400],{"className":28,"code":41399,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[33,41401,41402],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,41403,41404,41406,41408,41410,41412,41414,41417,41419],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,41405,142],{"class":141},[36,41407,145],{"class":50},[36,41409,2241],{"class":80},[36,41411,145],{"class":50},[36,41413,88],{"class":87},[36,41415,41416],{"class":91},"inf",[36,41418,88],{"class":87},[36,41420,445],{"class":50},[14,41422,182],{},[26,41424,41426],{"className":28,"code":41425,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"inf\n",[33,41427,41428],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,41429,41430],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,41431,41425],{"class":42},[376,41433,41435],{"id":41434},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[26,41437,41439],{"className":28,"code":41438,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[33,41440,41441],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,41442,41443,41445,41447,41449,41451,41453,41456,41458],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,41444,142],{"class":141},[36,41446,145],{"class":50},[36,41448,2241],{"class":80},[36,41450,145],{"class":50},[36,41452,88],{"class":87},[36,41454,41455],{"class":91},"-inf",[36,41457,88],{"class":87},[36,41459,445],{"class":50},[14,41461,182],{},[26,41463,41465],{"className":28,"code":41464,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"-inf\n",[33,41466,41467],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,41468,41469,41471],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,41470,2070],{"class":46},[36,41472,41425],{"class":42},[376,41474,41476],{"id":41475},"not-a-number","Not a number",[26,41478,41480],{"className":28,"code":41479,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[33,41481,41482],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,41483,41484,41486,41488,41490,41492,41494,41497,41499],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,41485,142],{"class":141},[36,41487,145],{"class":50},[36,41489,2241],{"class":80},[36,41491,145],{"class":50},[36,41493,88],{"class":87},[36,41495,41496],{"class":91},"nan",[36,41498,88],{"class":87},[36,41500,445],{"class":50},[14,41502,182],{},[26,41504,41506],{"className":28,"code":41505,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"nan\n",[33,41507,41508],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,41509,41510],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,41511,41505],{"class":42},[14,41513,41514],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[246,41516,41517,41522,41527],{},[249,41518,41519,41521],{},[33,41520,41416],{}," means positive infinity",[249,41523,41524,41526],{},[33,41525,41455],{}," means negative infinity",[249,41528,41529,41531],{},[33,41530,41496],{}," means “not a number”",[14,41533,41534,41535,41537],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[33,41536,2933],{}," accepts them.",[21,41539,41541],{"id":41540},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[14,41543,41544,41545,41547],{},"The most common problems with ",[33,41546,2933],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[376,41549,40740],{"id":41550},"valueerror",[14,41552,15220,41553,41555],{},[33,41554,40740],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[14,41557,41558],{},"Common causes:",[246,41560,41561,41567,41570,41573],{},[249,41562,41563,41564],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[33,41565,41566],{},"\"abc\"",[249,41568,41569],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[249,41571,41572],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[249,41574,4743,41575],{},[294,41576,41577,41579],{"href":8255},[33,41578,3007],{}," returns a string",[14,41581,2257],{},[26,41583,41585],{"className":28,"code":41584,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[33,41586,41587,41600],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,41588,41589,41591,41593,41595,41598],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,41590,1478],{"class":42},[36,41592,47],{"class":46},[36,41594,99],{"class":87},[36,41596,41597],{"class":91},"abc",[36,41599,3403],{"class":87},[36,41601,41602,41604,41606,41608,41610,41612],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,41603,142],{"class":141},[36,41605,145],{"class":50},[36,41607,2241],{"class":80},[36,41609,145],{"class":50},[36,41611,1495],{"class":148},[36,41613,445],{"class":50},[376,41615,1210],{"id":41616},"typeerror",[14,41618,15220,41619,41621],{},[33,41620,1210],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[14,41623,41558],{},[246,41625,41626,41629,41632],{},[249,41627,41628],{},"Passing a list",[249,41630,41631],{},"Passing a dictionary",[249,41633,41634],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[14,41636,2257],{},[26,41638,41640],{"className":28,"code":41639,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[33,41641,41642,41667],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,41643,41644,41646,41648,41650,41652,41654,41656,41658,41660,41663,41665],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,41645,1478],{"class":42},[36,41647,47],{"class":46},[36,41649,51],{"class":50},[36,41651,88],{"class":87},[36,41653,25183],{"class":91},[36,41655,88],{"class":87},[36,41657,1213],{"class":50},[36,41659,99],{"class":87},[36,41661,41662],{"class":91},"9.99",[36,41664,88],{"class":87},[36,41666,69],{"class":50},[36,41668,41669,41671,41673,41675,41677,41679],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,41670,142],{"class":141},[36,41672,145],{"class":50},[36,41674,2241],{"class":80},[36,41676,145],{"class":50},[36,41678,1495],{"class":148},[36,41680,445],{"class":50},[376,41682,41684],{"id":41683},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[14,41686,41687,41688,41691],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[33,41689,41690],{},"strip()"," can help:",[26,41693,41695],{"className":28,"code":41694,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[33,41696,41697,41710,41725,41729],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,41698,41699,41701,41703,41705,41708],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,41700,1478],{"class":42},[36,41702,47],{"class":46},[36,41704,99],{"class":87},[36,41706,41707],{"class":91},"  7.25  ",[36,41709,3403],{"class":87},[36,41711,41712,41715,41717,41719,41721,41723],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,41713,41714],{"class":42},"clean_value ",[36,41716,47],{"class":46},[36,41718,8469],{"class":42},[36,41720,303],{"class":50},[36,41722,8671],{"class":148},[36,41724,128],{"class":50},[36,41726,41727],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,41728,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,41730,41731,41733,41735,41737,41739,41742],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,41732,142],{"class":141},[36,41734,145],{"class":50},[36,41736,2241],{"class":80},[36,41738,145],{"class":50},[36,41740,41741],{"class":148},"clean_value",[36,41743,445],{"class":50},[14,41745,182],{},[26,41747,41749],{"className":28,"code":41748,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"7.25\n",[33,41750,41751],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,41752,41753],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,41754,41748],{"class":54},[376,41756,41758],{"id":41757},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[14,41760,41761],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[26,41763,41765],{"className":28,"code":41764,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[33,41766,41767,41780,41784,41794,41808,41823,41827,41841],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,41768,41769,41771,41773,41775,41778],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,41770,1478],{"class":42},[36,41772,47],{"class":46},[36,41774,99],{"class":87},[36,41776,41777],{"class":91}," 3.5 ",[36,41779,3403],{"class":87},[36,41781,41782],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,41783,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,41785,41786,41788,41790,41792],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,41787,142],{"class":141},[36,41789,145],{"class":50},[36,41791,1495],{"class":148},[36,41793,152],{"class":50},[36,41795,41796,41798,41800,41802,41804,41806],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,41797,142],{"class":141},[36,41799,145],{"class":50},[36,41801,818],{"class":80},[36,41803,145],{"class":50},[36,41805,1495],{"class":148},[36,41807,445],{"class":50},[36,41809,41810,41812,41814,41817,41819,41821],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,41811,142],{"class":141},[36,41813,145],{"class":50},[36,41815,41816],{"class":141},"repr",[36,41818,145],{"class":50},[36,41820,1495],{"class":148},[36,41822,445],{"class":50},[36,41824,41825],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,41826,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,41828,41829,41831,41833,41835,41837,41839],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,41830,41714],{"class":42},[36,41832,47],{"class":46},[36,41834,8469],{"class":42},[36,41836,303],{"class":50},[36,41838,8671],{"class":148},[36,41840,128],{"class":50},[36,41842,41843,41845,41847,41849,41851,41853],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,41844,142],{"class":141},[36,41846,145],{"class":50},[36,41848,2241],{"class":80},[36,41850,145],{"class":50},[36,41852,41741],{"class":148},[36,41854,445],{"class":50},[14,41856,41857],{},"Why this helps:",[246,41859,41860,41866,41871,41877],{},[249,41861,41862,41865],{},[33,41863,41864],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[249,41867,41868,21399],{},[33,41869,41870],{},"print(type(value))",[249,41872,41873,41876],{},[33,41874,41875],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[249,41878,41879,41881],{},[33,41880,41690],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[376,41883,41885],{"id":41884},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[14,41887,41888],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[26,41890,41892],{"className":28,"code":41891,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[33,41893,41894,41913,41917,41923,41938,41957,41966],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,41895,41896,41898,41900,41902,41904,41906,41909,41911],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,41897,1478],{"class":42},[36,41899,47],{"class":46},[36,41901,8278],{"class":141},[36,41903,145],{"class":50},[36,41905,88],{"class":87},[36,41907,41908],{"class":91},"Enter a number: ",[36,41910,88],{"class":87},[36,41912,152],{"class":50},[36,41914,41915],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,41916,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,41918,41919,41921],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,41920,29838],{"class":3917},[36,41922,6433],{"class":50},[36,41924,41925,41928,41930,41932,41934,41936],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,41926,41927],{"class":42},"    number ",[36,41929,47],{"class":46},[36,41931,40292],{"class":80},[36,41933,145],{"class":50},[36,41935,1495],{"class":148},[36,41937,152],{"class":50},[36,41939,41940,41942,41944,41946,41949,41951,41953,41955],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,41941,8105],{"class":141},[36,41943,145],{"class":50},[36,41945,88],{"class":87},[36,41947,41948],{"class":91},"Converted:",[36,41950,88],{"class":87},[36,41952,58],{"class":50},[36,41954,2246],{"class":148},[36,41956,152],{"class":50},[36,41958,41959,41961,41964],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,41960,29869],{"class":3917},[36,41962,41963],{"class":80}," ValueError",[36,41965,6433],{"class":50},[36,41967,41968,41970,41972,41974,41977,41979],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,41969,8105],{"class":141},[36,41971,145],{"class":50},[36,41973,88],{"class":87},[36,41975,41976],{"class":91},"That is not a valid number.",[36,41978,88],{"class":87},[36,41980,152],{"class":50},[14,41982,41983,41984,303],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[294,41985,40932],{"href":40931},[21,41987,41989],{"id":41988},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[14,41991,10620,41992,482,41994,41996],{},[33,41993,2933],{},[33,41995,2927],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[14,41998,41999,42001],{},[33,42000,2933],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[26,42003,42005],{"className":28,"code":42004,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[33,42006,42007],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,42008,42009,42011,42013,42015,42017,42019,42022,42024],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,42010,142],{"class":141},[36,42012,145],{"class":50},[36,42014,2241],{"class":80},[36,42016,145],{"class":50},[36,42018,88],{"class":87},[36,42020,42021],{"class":91},"3.9",[36,42023,88],{"class":87},[36,42025,445],{"class":50},[14,42027,182],{},[26,42029,42031],{"className":28,"code":42030,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"3.9\n",[33,42032,42033],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,42034,42035],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,42036,42030],{"class":54},[14,42038,42039,42041],{},[33,42040,2927],{}," creates whole numbers:",[26,42043,42045],{"className":28,"code":42044,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[33,42046,42047],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,42048,42049,42051,42053,42055,42057,42059,42061,42063],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,42050,142],{"class":141},[36,42052,145],{"class":50},[36,42054,2237],{"class":80},[36,42056,145],{"class":50},[36,42058,88],{"class":87},[36,42060,631],{"class":91},[36,42062,88],{"class":87},[36,42064,445],{"class":50},[14,42066,182],{},[26,42068,42069],{"className":28,"code":2427,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,42070,42071],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,42072,42073],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,42074,2427],{"class":54},[14,42076,42077,42078,42081],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[33,42079,42080],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[26,42083,42085],{"className":28,"code":42084,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[33,42086,42087],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,42088,42089,42091,42093,42095,42097,42099,42101,42103],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,42090,142],{"class":141},[36,42092,145],{"class":50},[36,42094,2237],{"class":80},[36,42096,145],{"class":50},[36,42098,88],{"class":87},[36,42100,42021],{"class":91},[36,42102,88],{"class":87},[36,42104,445],{"class":50},[14,42106,3050,42107,8638,42109,42112],{},[33,42108,40740],{},[33,42110,42111],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[14,42114,10743],{},[246,42116,42117,42123],{},[249,42118,42119,42122],{},[33,42120,42121],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[249,42124,42125,42127],{},[33,42126,42080],{}," fails",[14,42129,42130,42131,42134,42135,42137],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[294,42132,42133],{"href":2924},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[294,42136,2471],{"href":2470}," helpful.",[21,42139,1872],{"id":1871},[376,42141,42143],{"id":42142},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[14,42145,42146,42147,298,42149,303],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[33,42148,2540],{},[33,42150,40180],{},[376,42152,42154],{"id":42153},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[14,42156,42157,42158,298,42161,303],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[33,42159,42160],{},"\"2.5\"",[33,42162,42163],{},"\"10\"",[376,42165,42167],{"id":42166},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[14,42169,29096,42170,42172,42173,303],{},[33,42171,41566],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[33,42174,40740],{},[376,42176,42178],{"id":42177},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[14,42180,5188,42181,303],{},[33,42182,3812],{},[376,42184,42186],{"id":42185},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[14,42188,42189,42190,42192,42193,482,42196,42192,42198,303],{},"Yes. ",[33,42191,3649],{}," becomes ",[33,42194,42195],{},"1.0",[33,42197,3716],{},[33,42199,3812],{},[21,42201,1923],{"id":1922},[246,42203,42204,42208,42214,42219,42223,42227],{},[249,42205,42206],{},[294,42207,42133],{"href":2924},[249,42209,42210],{},[294,42211,42213],{"href":42212},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[249,42215,42216],{},[294,42217,42218],{"href":40927},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[249,42220,42221],{},[294,42222,9092],{"href":9014},[249,42224,42225],{},[294,42226,40932],{"href":40931},[249,42228,42229],{},[294,42230,42231],{"href":8255},"Python input() Function Explained",[1962,42233,42234],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":42236},[42237,42238,42239,42240,42247,42252,42253,42260,42265,42272,42273,42280],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":40227,"depth":72,"text":40228},{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":40452,"depth":72,"text":40453,"children":42241},[42242,42243,42244,42245,42246],{"id":40461,"depth":118,"text":40462},{"id":40525,"depth":118,"text":40526},{"id":40589,"depth":118,"text":40590},{"id":40631,"depth":118,"text":1103},{"id":40685,"depth":118,"text":40686},{"id":40724,"depth":72,"text":40725,"children":42248},[42249,42250,42251],{"id":40733,"depth":118,"text":40734},{"id":40819,"depth":118,"text":40820},{"id":40889,"depth":118,"text":40890},{"id":17448,"depth":72,"text":17449},{"id":41081,"depth":72,"text":41082,"children":42254},[42255,42257,42258,42259],{"id":41085,"depth":118,"text":42256},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41178,"depth":118,"text":41179},{"id":41264,"depth":118,"text":41265},{"id":41326,"depth":118,"text":41327},{"id":41386,"depth":72,"text":41387,"children":42261},[42262,42263,42264],{"id":41395,"depth":118,"text":41396},{"id":41434,"depth":118,"text":41435},{"id":41475,"depth":118,"text":41476},{"id":41540,"depth":72,"text":41541,"children":42266},[42267,42268,42269,42270,42271],{"id":41550,"depth":118,"text":40740},{"id":41616,"depth":118,"text":1210},{"id":41683,"depth":118,"text":41684},{"id":41757,"depth":118,"text":41758},{"id":41884,"depth":118,"text":41885},{"id":41988,"depth":72,"text":41989},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":42274},[42275,42276,42277,42278,42279],{"id":42142,"depth":118,"text":42143},{"id":42153,"depth":118,"text":42154},{"id":42166,"depth":118,"text":42167},{"id":42177,"depth":118,"text":42178},{"id":42185,"depth":118,"text":42186},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40128,"description":42281},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42288,"title":42289,"body":42290,"description":43511,"extension":2009,"meta":43512,"navigation":134,"path":35059,"seo":43513,"stem":43514,"__hash__":43515},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42291,"toc":43477},[42292,42295,42300,42303,42305,42344,42358,42362,42367,42370,42387,42390,42400,42415,42418,42420,42423,42439,42442,42445,42465,42469,42480,42483,42487,42491,42505,42540,42544,42555,42590,42593,42595,42603,42636,42652,42654,42664,42685,42696,42698,42703,42706,42720,42722,42741,42744,42757,42760,42764,42768,42782,42785,42803,42806,42821,42825,42830,42844,42850,42852,42909,42911,42944,42947,42963,42967,42974,42978,42983,42986,42997,43001,43006,43021,43030,43035,43054,43057,43069,43071,43076,43086,43089,43118,43123,43132,43136,43141,43144,43148,43153,43155,43185,43188,43195,43200,43205,43209,43212,43220,43223,43301,43304,43326,43328,43332,43335,43339,43345,43408,43412,43420,43424,43427,43429,43454,43474],[10,42293,42289],{"id":42294},"python-help-function-explained",[14,42296,3627,42297,42299],{},[33,42298,35062],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[14,42301,42302],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[21,42304,2051],{"id":2050},[26,42306,42308],{"className":28,"code":42307,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[33,42309,42310,42320,42330],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,42311,42312,42314,42316,42318],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,42313,32186],{"class":141},[36,42315,145],{"class":50},[36,42317,438],{"class":141},[36,42319,152],{"class":50},[36,42321,42322,42324,42326,42328],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,42323,32186],{"class":141},[36,42325,145],{"class":50},[36,42327,3488],{"class":80},[36,42329,152],{"class":50},[36,42331,42332,42334,42336,42338,42340,42342],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,42333,32186],{"class":141},[36,42335,145],{"class":50},[36,42337,211],{"class":87},[36,42339,34693],{"class":91},[36,42341,211],{"class":87},[36,42343,152],{"class":50},[14,42345,495,42346,42348,42349,298,42351,42353,42354,42357],{},[33,42347,35062],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[33,42350,438],{},[33,42352,3488],{},", or use a string such as ",[33,42355,42356],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[21,42359,42361],{"id":42360},"what-help-does","What help() does",[14,42363,42364,42366],{},[33,42365,35062],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[14,42368,42369],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[246,42371,42372,42375,42378,42381,42384],{},[249,42373,42374],{},"Functions",[249,42376,42377],{},"Classes",[249,42379,42380],{},"Methods",[249,42382,42383],{},"Modules",[249,42385,42386],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[14,42388,42389],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[14,42391,42392,42393,42399],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[294,42394,42396],{"href":42395},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[33,42397,42398],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[26,42401,42403],{"className":28,"code":42402,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"help(len)\n",[33,42404,42405],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,42406,42407,42409,42411,42413],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,42408,32186],{"class":141},[36,42410,145],{"class":50},[36,42412,438],{"class":141},[36,42414,152],{"class":50},[14,42416,42417],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[21,42419,2205],{"id":2204},[14,42421,42422],{},"The main form is:",[26,42424,42426],{"className":28,"code":42425,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"help(object)\n",[33,42427,42428],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,42429,42430,42432,42434,42437],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,42431,32186],{"class":141},[36,42433,145],{"class":50},[36,42435,42436],{"class":80},"object",[36,42438,152],{"class":50},[14,42440,42441],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[14,42443,42444],{},"Common examples include:",[246,42446,42447,42451,42456,42460],{},[249,42448,42449],{},[33,42450,438],{},[249,42452,42453],{},[33,42454,42455],{},"list.append",[249,42457,42458],{},[33,42459,3488],{},[249,42461,42462],{},[33,42463,42464],{},"open",[14,42466,7215,42467,7218],{},[33,42468,35062],{},[26,42470,42472],{"className":28,"code":42471,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"help()\n",[33,42473,42474],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,42475,42476,42478],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,42477,32186],{"class":141},[36,42479,128],{"class":50},[14,42481,42482],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[21,42484,42486],{"id":42485},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[376,42488,42490],{"id":42489},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[14,42492,42493,42494,2238,42496,2238,42498,17102,42501,303],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[33,42495,438],{},[33,42497,142],{},[33,42499,42500],{},"input",[294,42502,42503],{"href":2350},[33,42504,2353],{},[26,42506,42508],{"className":28,"code":42507,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[33,42509,42510,42520,42530],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,42511,42512,42514,42516,42518],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,42513,32186],{"class":141},[36,42515,145],{"class":50},[36,42517,142],{"class":141},[36,42519,152],{"class":50},[36,42521,42522,42524,42526,42528],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,42523,32186],{"class":141},[36,42525,145],{"class":50},[36,42527,42500],{"class":141},[36,42529,152],{"class":50},[36,42531,42532,42534,42536,42538],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,42533,32186],{"class":141},[36,42535,145],{"class":50},[36,42537,818],{"class":80},[36,42539,152],{"class":50},[376,42541,42543],{"id":42542},"data-types","Data types",[14,42545,42546,42547,2238,42549,2238,42551,17102,42553,303],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[33,42548,3488],{},[33,42550,1225],{},[33,42552,936],{},[33,42554,231],{},[26,42556,42558],{"className":28,"code":42557,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[33,42559,42560,42570,42580],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,42561,42562,42564,42566,42568],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,42563,32186],{"class":141},[36,42565,145],{"class":50},[36,42567,3488],{"class":80},[36,42569,152],{"class":50},[36,42571,42572,42574,42576,42578],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,42573,32186],{"class":141},[36,42575,145],{"class":50},[36,42577,1225],{"class":80},[36,42579,152],{"class":50},[36,42581,42582,42584,42586,42588],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,42583,32186],{"class":141},[36,42585,145],{"class":50},[36,42587,936],{"class":80},[36,42589,152],{"class":50},[14,42591,42592],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[376,42594,42380],{"id":34540},[14,42596,42597,42598,482,42601,303],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[33,42599,42600],{},"str.split",[33,42602,42455],{},[26,42604,42606],{"className":28,"code":42605,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[33,42607,42608,42622],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,42609,42610,42612,42614,42616,42618,42620],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,42611,32186],{"class":141},[36,42613,145],{"class":50},[36,42615,3488],{"class":80},[36,42617,303],{"class":50},[36,42619,34503],{"class":24783},[36,42621,152],{"class":50},[36,42623,42624,42626,42628,42630,42632,42634],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,42625,32186],{"class":141},[36,42627,145],{"class":50},[36,42629,1225],{"class":80},[36,42631,303],{"class":50},[36,42633,13586],{"class":24783},[36,42635,152],{"class":50},[14,42637,42638,42639,8741,42641,28348,42646,42648,42649,42651],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[33,42640,35062],{},[294,42642,42644],{"href":42643},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[33,42645,34345],{},[33,42647,34345],{}," shows available names, while ",[33,42650,35062],{}," explains one of them.",[376,42653,42383],{"id":34693},[14,42655,42656,42657,2238,42659,17102,42661,303],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[33,42658,18448],{},[33,42660,35225],{},[33,42662,42663],{},"os",[26,42665,42667],{"className":28,"code":42666,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[33,42668,42669,42675],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,42670,42671,42673],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,42672,35126],{"class":3917},[36,42674,35129],{"class":42},[36,42676,42677,42679,42681,42683],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,42678,32186],{"class":141},[36,42680,145],{"class":50},[36,42682,18448],{"class":148},[36,42684,152],{"class":50},[14,42686,42687,42688,42692,42693,303],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[294,42689,42691],{"href":42690},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[294,42694,35192],{"href":42695},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[21,42697,34953],{"id":34952},[14,42699,42700,42702],{},[33,42701,35062],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[14,42704,42705],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[246,42707,42708,42711,42714,42717],{},[249,42709,42710],{},"The function signature",[249,42712,42713],{},"The short description",[249,42715,42716],{},"Parameter names",[249,42718,42719],{},"Return value details, when shown",[14,42721,5512],{},[26,42723,42725],{"className":28,"code":42724,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"help(str.split)\n",[33,42726,42727],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,42728,42729,42731,42733,42735,42737,42739],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,42730,32186],{"class":141},[36,42732,145],{"class":50},[36,42734,3488],{"class":80},[36,42736,303],{"class":50},[36,42738,34503],{"class":24783},[36,42740,152],{"class":50},[14,42742,42743],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[246,42745,42746,42749,42752,42754],{},[249,42747,42748],{},"What object this is",[249,42750,42751],{},"What arguments it accepts",[249,42753,22002],{},[249,42755,42756],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[14,42758,42759],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[21,42761,42763],{"id":42762},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[14,42765,42766,29908],{},[33,42767,35062],{},[246,42769,42770,42773,42776,42779],{},[249,42771,42772],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[249,42774,42775],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[249,42777,42778],{},"You are exploring a new module",[249,42780,42781],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[14,42783,42784],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[26,42786,42787],{"className":28,"code":42724,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,42788,42789],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,42790,42791,42793,42795,42797,42799,42801],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,42792,32186],{"class":141},[36,42794,145],{"class":50},[36,42796,3488],{"class":80},[36,42798,303],{"class":50},[36,42800,34503],{"class":24783},[36,42802,152],{"class":50},[14,42804,42805],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[26,42807,42809],{"className":28,"code":42808,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"help(open)\n",[33,42810,42811],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,42812,42813,42815,42817,42819],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,42814,32186],{"class":141},[36,42816,145],{"class":50},[36,42818,42464],{"class":141},[36,42820,152],{"class":50},[21,42822,42824],{"id":42823},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[14,42826,42827,42829],{},[33,42828,35062],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[246,42831,42832,42835,42838,42841],{},[249,42833,42834],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[249,42836,42837],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[249,42839,42840],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[249,42842,42843],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[14,42845,42846,42847,42849],{},"So, ",[33,42848,35062],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[14,42851,5512],{},[26,42853,42855],{"className":28,"code":42854,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[33,42856,42857,42870,42894,42898],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,42858,42859,42861,42863,42865,42868],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,42860,34722],{"class":42},[36,42862,47],{"class":46},[36,42864,99],{"class":87},[36,42866,42867],{"class":91},"a,b,c",[36,42869,3403],{"class":87},[36,42871,42872,42875,42877,42880,42882,42884,42886,42888,42890,42892],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,42873,42874],{"class":42},"parts ",[36,42876,47],{"class":46},[36,42878,42879],{"class":42}," text",[36,42881,303],{"class":50},[36,42883,34503],{"class":148},[36,42885,145],{"class":50},[36,42887,88],{"class":87},[36,42889,58],{"class":91},[36,42891,88],{"class":87},[36,42893,152],{"class":50},[36,42895,42896],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,42897,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,42899,42900,42902,42904,42907],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,42901,142],{"class":141},[36,42903,145],{"class":50},[36,42905,42906],{"class":148},"parts",[36,42908,152],{"class":50},[14,42910,5598],{},[26,42912,42914],{"className":28,"code":42913,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[33,42915,42916],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,42917,42918,42920,42922,42924,42926,42928,42930,42932,42934,42936,42938,42940,42942],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,42919,3941],{"class":50},[36,42921,211],{"class":87},[36,42923,294],{"class":91},[36,42925,211],{"class":87},[36,42927,58],{"class":50},[36,42929,220],{"class":87},[36,42931,1707],{"class":91},[36,42933,211],{"class":87},[36,42935,58],{"class":50},[36,42937,220],{"class":87},[36,42939,9770],{"class":91},[36,42941,211],{"class":87},[36,42943,1355],{"class":50},[14,42945,42946],{},"A good workflow is:",[28748,42948,42949,42954,42957,42960],{},[249,42950,495,42951,42953],{},[33,42952,35062],{}," to inspect something",[249,42955,42956],{},"Write a tiny example",[249,42958,42959],{},"Check the result",[249,42961,42962],{},"Repeat",[21,42964,42966],{"id":42965},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[14,42968,42969,482,42971,42973],{},[33,42970,35062],{},[33,42972,34345],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[376,42975,42976],{"id":32186},[33,42977,35062],{},[14,42979,495,42980,42982],{},[33,42981,35062],{}," when you want an explanation.",[14,42984,42985],{},"It tells you:",[246,42987,42988,42991,42994],{},[249,42989,42990],{},"What something is",[249,42992,42993],{},"How to use it",[249,42995,42996],{},"What parameters it accepts",[376,42998,42999],{"id":34406},[33,43000,34345],{},[14,43002,495,43003,43005],{},[33,43004,34345],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[26,43007,43009],{"className":28,"code":43008,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"dir(str)\n",[33,43010,43011],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,43012,43013,43015,43017,43019],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,43014,34406],{"class":141},[36,43016,145],{"class":50},[36,43018,3488],{"class":80},[36,43020,152],{"class":50},[14,43022,43023,43024,2238,43026,17102,43028,303],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[33,43025,34503],{},[33,43027,8671],{},[33,43029,8677],{},[14,43031,43032,43033,1213],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[33,43034,35062],{},[26,43036,43038],{"className":28,"code":43037,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"help(str.lower)\n",[33,43039,43040],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,43041,43042,43044,43046,43048,43050,43052],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,43043,32186],{"class":141},[36,43045,145],{"class":50},[36,43047,3488],{"class":80},[36,43049,303],{"class":50},[36,43051,8677],{"class":24783},[36,43053,152],{"class":50},[14,43055,43056],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[246,43058,43059,43064],{},[249,43060,495,43061,43063],{},[33,43062,34345],{}," to discover options",[249,43065,495,43066,43068],{},[33,43067,35062],{}," to understand one option",[21,43070,1455],{"id":1454},[14,43072,43073,43074,303],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[33,43075,35062],{},[376,43077,1462,43079,43082,43083],{"id":43078},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[33,43080,43081],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[33,43084,43085],{},"help(len)",[14,43087,43088],{},"These are not always the same.",[26,43090,43092],{"className":28,"code":43091,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[33,43093,43094,43104],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,43095,43096,43098,43100,43102],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,43097,32186],{"class":141},[36,43099,145],{"class":50},[36,43101,438],{"class":141},[36,43103,152],{"class":50},[36,43105,43106,43108,43110,43112,43114,43116],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,43107,32186],{"class":141},[36,43109,145],{"class":50},[36,43111,211],{"class":87},[36,43113,438],{"class":91},[36,43115,211],{"class":87},[36,43117,152],{"class":50},[14,43119,43120,43122],{},[33,43121,43085],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[14,43124,43125,43127,43128,43131],{},[33,43126,43081],{}," treats ",[33,43129,43130],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[376,43133,43135],{"id":43134},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[14,43137,43138,43140],{},[33,43139,35062],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[14,43142,43143],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[376,43145,43147],{"id":43146},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[14,43149,40380,43150,43152],{},[33,43151,35062],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[14,43154,2257],{},[26,43156,43158],{"className":28,"code":43157,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[33,43159,43160,43170],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,43161,43162,43164,43166,43168],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,43163,32186],{"class":141},[36,43165,145],{"class":50},[36,43167,438],{"class":141},[36,43169,152],{"class":50},[36,43171,43172,43174,43176,43178,43181,43183],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,43173,142],{"class":141},[36,43175,145],{"class":50},[36,43177,88],{"class":87},[36,43179,43180],{"class":91},"Done",[36,43182,88],{"class":87},[36,43184,152],{"class":50},[14,43186,43187],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[376,43189,37239,43191,8741,43193],{"id":43190},"confusing-help-with-dir",[33,43192,35062],{},[33,43194,34345],{},[14,43196,43197,43198,303],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[33,43199,34345],{},[14,43201,43202,43203,303],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[33,43204,35062],{},[21,43206,43208],{"id":43207},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[14,43210,43211],{},"Open Python:",[26,43213,43214],{"className":28,"code":35578,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,43215,43216],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,43217,43218],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,43219,35578],{"class":42},[14,43221,43222],{},"Then test these commands:",[26,43224,43226],{"className":28,"code":43225,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[33,43227,43228,43238,43252,43266,43276,43291],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,43229,43230,43232,43234,43236],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,43231,32186],{"class":141},[36,43233,145],{"class":50},[36,43235,438],{"class":141},[36,43237,152],{"class":50},[36,43239,43240,43242,43244,43246,43248,43250],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,43241,32186],{"class":141},[36,43243,145],{"class":50},[36,43245,3488],{"class":80},[36,43247,303],{"class":50},[36,43249,34503],{"class":24783},[36,43251,152],{"class":50},[36,43253,43254,43256,43258,43260,43262,43264],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,43255,32186],{"class":141},[36,43257,145],{"class":50},[36,43259,1225],{"class":80},[36,43261,303],{"class":50},[36,43263,13586],{"class":24783},[36,43265,152],{"class":50},[36,43267,43268,43270,43272,43274],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,43269,32186],{"class":141},[36,43271,145],{"class":50},[36,43273,42464],{"class":141},[36,43275,152],{"class":50},[36,43277,43278,43280,43282,43284,43287,43289],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,43279,32186],{"class":141},[36,43281,145],{"class":50},[36,43283,211],{"class":87},[36,43285,43286],{"class":91},"keywords",[36,43288,211],{"class":87},[36,43290,152],{"class":50},[36,43292,43293,43295,43297,43299],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,43294,34406],{"class":141},[36,43296,145],{"class":50},[36,43298,3488],{"class":80},[36,43300,152],{"class":50},[14,43302,43303],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[246,43305,43306,43309,43312,43315,43318,43321],{},[249,43307,43308],{},"A built-in function",[249,43310,43311],{},"A string method",[249,43313,43314],{},"A list method",[249,43316,43317],{},"A built-in file function",[249,43319,43320],{},"A special help topic",[249,43322,15220,43323,43325],{},[33,43324,34345],{}," example for comparison",[21,43327,1872],{"id":1871},[376,43329,43331],{"id":43330},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[14,43333,43334],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[376,43336,43338],{"id":43337},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[14,43340,43341,43342,43344],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[33,43343,35062],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[26,43346,43348],{"className":28,"code":43347,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[33,43349,43350,43362,43375,43394,43398],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,43351,43352,43354,43356,43358,43360],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,43353,34886],{"class":847},[36,43355,34890],{"class":34889},[36,43357,145],{"class":50},[36,43359,1250],{"class":37698},[36,43361,8378],{"class":50},[36,43363,43364,43368,43372],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,43365,43367],{"class":43366},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[36,43369,43371],{"class":43370},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[36,43373,43374],{"class":43366},"\"\"\"\n",[36,43376,43377,43379,43382,43385,43387,43389,43391],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,43378,34897],{"class":3917},[36,43380,43381],{"class":847}," f",[36,43383,43384],{"class":91},"\"Hello, ",[36,43386,192],{"class":54},[36,43388,1250],{"class":42},[36,43390,22335],{"class":54},[36,43392,43393],{"class":91},"!\"\n",[36,43395,43396],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,43397,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,43399,43400,43402,43404,43406],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,43401,32186],{"class":141},[36,43403,145],{"class":50},[36,43405,34932],{"class":148},[36,43407,152],{"class":50},[376,43409,43411],{"id":43410},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[14,43413,43414,43416,43417,43419],{},[33,43415,43085],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[33,43418,43081],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[376,43421,43423],{"id":43422},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[14,43425,43426],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[21,43428,1923],{"id":1922},[246,43430,43431,43436,43440,43445,43450],{},[249,43432,43433],{},[294,43434,43435],{"href":42643},"Python dir() function explained",[249,43437,43438],{},[294,43439,8478],{"href":2350},[249,43441,43442],{},[294,43443,43444],{"href":42395},"Python len() function explained",[249,43446,43447],{},[294,43448,43449],{"href":42690},"How import works in Python",[249,43451,43452],{},[294,43453,35192],{"href":42695},[14,43455,43456,43457,43459,43460,2238,43462,17102,43464,43466,43467,298,43470,43473],{},"Try ",[33,43458,35062],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[33,43461,438],{},[33,43463,142],{},[33,43465,42500],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[33,43468,43469],{},"dir(str)",[33,43471,43472],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1962,43475,43476],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":43478},[43479,43480,43481,43482,43488,43489,43490,43491,43495,43503,43504,43510],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":42360,"depth":72,"text":42361},{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":42485,"depth":72,"text":42486,"children":43483},[43484,43485,43486,43487],{"id":42489,"depth":118,"text":42490},{"id":42542,"depth":118,"text":42543},{"id":34540,"depth":118,"text":42380},{"id":34693,"depth":118,"text":42383},{"id":34952,"depth":72,"text":34953},{"id":42762,"depth":72,"text":42763},{"id":42823,"depth":72,"text":42824},{"id":42965,"depth":72,"text":42966,"children":43492},[43493,43494],{"id":32186,"depth":118,"text":35062},{"id":34406,"depth":118,"text":34345},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455,"children":43496},[43497,43499,43500,43501],{"id":43078,"depth":118,"text":43498},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43134,"depth":118,"text":43135},{"id":43146,"depth":118,"text":43147},{"id":43190,"depth":118,"text":43502},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43207,"depth":72,"text":43208},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":43505},[43506,43507,43508,43509],{"id":43330,"depth":118,"text":43331},{"id":43337,"depth":118,"text":43338},{"id":43410,"depth":118,"text":43411},{"id":43422,"depth":118,"text":43423},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42289,"description":43511},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43517,"title":43518,"body":43519,"description":44880,"extension":2009,"meta":44881,"navigation":134,"path":44882,"seo":44883,"stem":44884,"__hash__":44885},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43520,"toc":44853},[43521,43527,43532,43538,43548,43607,43617,43628,43633,43639,43641,43659,43667,43669,43671,43686,43689,43700,43702,43793,43796,43800,43805,43826,43828,43939,43941,43968,43979,43983,43986,44069,44071,44079,44085,44091,44095,44098,44208,44210,44223,44226,44240,44248,44255,44260,44274,44280,44393,44395,44456,44459,44465,44470,44473,44495,44498,44568,44571,44603,44610,44612,44615,44633,44636,44648,44654,44656,44661,44687,44690,44762,44764,44770,44773,44779,44782,44788,44798,44804,44807,44814,44817,44819,44850],[10,43522,1935,43524,3624],{"id":43523},"python-id-function-explained",[33,43525,43526],{},"id()",[14,43528,32351,43529,43531],{},[33,43530,43526],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[14,43533,43534,43535,43537],{},"Beginners usually see ",[33,43536,43526],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[14,43539,495,43540,43542,43543,43545,43546,303],{},[33,43541,43526],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[180,43544,870],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[33,43547,4727],{},[26,43549,43551],{"className":28,"code":43550,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[33,43552,43553,43565,43579,43583,43593],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,43554,43555,43557,43559,43561,43563],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,43556,7912],{"class":42},[36,43558,47],{"class":46},[36,43560,99],{"class":87},[36,43562,7336],{"class":91},[36,43564,3403],{"class":87},[36,43566,43567,43569,43571,43573,43575,43577],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,43568,142],{"class":141},[36,43570,145],{"class":50},[36,43572,12680],{"class":141},[36,43574,145],{"class":50},[36,43576,1250],{"class":148},[36,43578,445],{"class":50},[36,43580,43581],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,43582,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,43584,43585,43588,43590],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,43586,43587],{"class":42},"other ",[36,43589,47],{"class":46},[36,43591,43592],{"class":42}," name\n",[36,43594,43595,43597,43599,43601,43603,43605],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,43596,142],{"class":141},[36,43598,145],{"class":50},[36,43600,12680],{"class":141},[36,43602,145],{"class":50},[36,43604,30776],{"class":148},[36,43606,445],{"class":50},[14,43608,43609,43610,43613,43614,43616],{},"In this example, ",[33,43611,43612],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[33,43615,43526],{}," values match.",[43618,43619,43620],"blockquote",{},[14,43621,495,43622,43624,43625,43627],{},[33,43623,43526],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[33,43626,4727],{}," for value comparison.",[21,43629,3720,43631,3723],{"id":43630},"what-id-does",[33,43632,43526],{},[14,43634,43635,43638],{},[33,43636,43637],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[14,43640,13084],{},[246,43642,43643,43646,43653,43656],{},[249,43644,43645],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[249,43647,43648,43649,43652],{},"It shows ",[180,43650,43651],{},"object identity",", not object value",[249,43654,43655],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[249,43657,43658],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[14,43660,43661,43662,43666],{},"This is closely related to how ",[294,43663,43665],{"href":43664},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[21,43668,2205],{"id":2204},[14,43670,5475],{},[26,43672,43674],{"className":28,"code":43673,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"id(object)\n",[33,43675,43676],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,43677,43678,43680,43682,43684],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,43679,12680],{"class":141},[36,43681,145],{"class":50},[36,43683,42436],{"class":80},[36,43685,152],{"class":50},[14,43687,43688],{},"Important details:",[246,43690,43691,43694,43697],{},[249,43692,43693],{},"It takes one argument",[249,43695,43696],{},"It returns an integer",[249,43698,43699],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[14,43701,2257],{},[26,43703,43705],{"className":28,"code":43704,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[33,43706,43707,43719,43727,43747,43751,43765,43779],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,43708,43709,43711,43713,43715,43717],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,43710,34722],{"class":42},[36,43712,47],{"class":46},[36,43714,99],{"class":87},[36,43716,708],{"class":91},[36,43718,3403],{"class":87},[36,43720,43721,43723,43725],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,43722,2267],{"class":42},[36,43724,47],{"class":46},[36,43726,2819],{"class":54},[36,43728,43729,43731,43733,43735,43737,43739,43741,43743,43745],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,43730,1328],{"class":42},[36,43732,47],{"class":46},[36,43734,1333],{"class":50},[36,43736,55],{"class":54},[36,43738,58],{"class":50},[36,43740,61],{"class":54},[36,43742,58],{"class":50},[36,43744,66],{"class":54},[36,43746,1355],{"class":50},[36,43748,43749],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,43750,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,43752,43753,43755,43757,43759,43761,43763],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,43754,142],{"class":141},[36,43756,145],{"class":50},[36,43758,12680],{"class":141},[36,43760,145],{"class":50},[36,43762,34743],{"class":148},[36,43764,445],{"class":50},[36,43766,43767,43769,43771,43773,43775,43777],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,43768,142],{"class":141},[36,43770,145],{"class":50},[36,43772,12680],{"class":141},[36,43774,145],{"class":50},[36,43776,2290],{"class":148},[36,43778,445],{"class":50},[36,43780,43781,43783,43785,43787,43789,43791],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,43782,142],{"class":141},[36,43784,145],{"class":50},[36,43786,12680],{"class":141},[36,43788,145],{"class":50},[36,43790,1369],{"class":148},[36,43792,445],{"class":50},[14,43794,43795],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[21,43797,43799],{"id":43798},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[14,43801,43802,43803,303],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[33,43804,43526],{},[246,43806,43807,43814,43821],{},[249,43808,43809,43811,43812],{},[33,43810,4727],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[180,43813,1495],{},[249,43815,43816,43818,43819],{},[33,43817,12224],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[180,43820,42436],{},[249,43822,43823,43825],{},[33,43824,43526],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[14,43827,2257],{},[26,43829,43831],{"className":28,"code":43830,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[33,43832,43833,43853,43873,43877,43894,43911,43925],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,43834,43835,43837,43839,43841,43843,43845,43847,43849,43851],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,43836,2604],{"class":42},[36,43838,47],{"class":46},[36,43840,1333],{"class":50},[36,43842,55],{"class":54},[36,43844,58],{"class":50},[36,43846,61],{"class":54},[36,43848,58],{"class":50},[36,43850,66],{"class":54},[36,43852,1355],{"class":50},[36,43854,43855,43857,43859,43861,43863,43865,43867,43869,43871],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,43856,2632],{"class":42},[36,43858,47],{"class":46},[36,43860,1333],{"class":50},[36,43862,55],{"class":54},[36,43864,58],{"class":50},[36,43866,61],{"class":54},[36,43868,58],{"class":50},[36,43870,66],{"class":54},[36,43872,1355],{"class":50},[36,43874,43875],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,43876,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,43878,43879,43881,43883,43885,43887,43889,43891],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,43880,142],{"class":141},[36,43882,145],{"class":50},[36,43884,2604],{"class":148},[36,43886,4727],{"class":46},[36,43888,2609],{"class":148},[36,43890,3703],{"class":50},[36,43892,43893],{"class":1617},"   # True\n",[36,43895,43896,43898,43900,43902,43904,43906,43908],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,43897,142],{"class":141},[36,43899,145],{"class":50},[36,43901,2604],{"class":148},[36,43903,12224],{"class":3917},[36,43905,2609],{"class":148},[36,43907,3703],{"class":50},[36,43909,43910],{"class":1617},"   # False\n",[36,43912,43913,43915,43917,43919,43921,43923],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,43914,142],{"class":141},[36,43916,145],{"class":50},[36,43918,12680],{"class":141},[36,43920,145],{"class":50},[36,43922,294],{"class":148},[36,43924,445],{"class":50},[36,43926,43927,43929,43931,43933,43935,43937],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,43928,142],{"class":141},[36,43930,145],{"class":50},[36,43932,12680],{"class":141},[36,43934,145],{"class":50},[36,43936,1707],{"class":148},[36,43938,445],{"class":50},[14,43940,2227],{},[246,43942,43943,43951,43959],{},[249,43944,43945,4822,43948,43950],{},[33,43946,43947],{},"a == b",[33,43949,3649],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[249,43952,43953,4822,43956,43958],{},[33,43954,43955],{},"a is b",[33,43957,3716],{}," because they are different list objects",[249,43960,43961,482,43964,43967],{},[33,43962,43963],{},"id(a)",[33,43965,43966],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[14,43969,43970,43971,482,43975,303],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[294,43972,43974],{"href":43973},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[294,43976,43978],{"href":43977},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[21,43980,43982],{"id":43981},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[14,43984,43985],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[26,43987,43989],{"className":28,"code":43988,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[33,43990,43991,44011,44021,44025,44039,44054],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,43992,43993,43995,43997,43999,44001,44003,44005,44007,44009],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,43994,43],{"class":42},[36,43996,47],{"class":46},[36,43998,1333],{"class":50},[36,44000,631],{"class":54},[36,44002,58],{"class":50},[36,44004,636],{"class":54},[36,44006,58],{"class":50},[36,44008,645],{"class":54},[36,44010,1355],{"class":50},[36,44012,44013,44016,44018],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,44014,44015],{"class":42},"other_numbers ",[36,44017,47],{"class":46},[36,44019,44020],{"class":42}," numbers\n",[36,44022,44023],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,44024,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,44026,44027,44029,44031,44033,44035,44037],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,44028,142],{"class":141},[36,44030,145],{"class":50},[36,44032,12680],{"class":141},[36,44034,145],{"class":50},[36,44036,149],{"class":148},[36,44038,445],{"class":50},[36,44040,44041,44043,44045,44047,44049,44052],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,44042,142],{"class":141},[36,44044,145],{"class":50},[36,44046,12680],{"class":141},[36,44048,145],{"class":50},[36,44050,44051],{"class":148},"other_numbers",[36,44053,445],{"class":50},[36,44055,44056,44058,44060,44062,44064,44067],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,44057,142],{"class":141},[36,44059,145],{"class":50},[36,44061,43],{"class":148},[36,44063,12224],{"class":3917},[36,44065,44066],{"class":148}," other_numbers",[36,44068,152],{"class":50},[14,44070,5598],{},[26,44072,44073],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,44074,44075],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,44076,44077],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,44078,4020],{"class":1143},[14,44080,44081,44082,44084],{},"The two ",[33,44083,43526],{}," values will also match.",[14,44086,22221,44087,44090],{},[33,44088,44089],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[21,44092,44094],{"id":44093},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[14,44096,44097],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[26,44099,44101],{"className":28,"code":44100,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[33,44102,44103,44124,44145,44149,44164,44178,44193],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,44104,44105,44108,44110,44112,44114,44116,44118,44120,44122],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,44106,44107],{"class":42},"list_a ",[36,44109,47],{"class":46},[36,44111,1333],{"class":50},[36,44113,55],{"class":54},[36,44115,58],{"class":50},[36,44117,61],{"class":54},[36,44119,58],{"class":50},[36,44121,66],{"class":54},[36,44123,1355],{"class":50},[36,44125,44126,44129,44131,44133,44135,44137,44139,44141,44143],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,44127,44128],{"class":42},"list_b ",[36,44130,47],{"class":46},[36,44132,1333],{"class":50},[36,44134,55],{"class":54},[36,44136,58],{"class":50},[36,44138,61],{"class":54},[36,44140,58],{"class":50},[36,44142,66],{"class":54},[36,44144,1355],{"class":50},[36,44146,44147],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,44148,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,44150,44151,44153,44155,44157,44159,44162],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,44152,142],{"class":141},[36,44154,145],{"class":50},[36,44156,44107],{"class":148},[36,44158,4727],{"class":46},[36,44160,44161],{"class":148}," list_b",[36,44163,152],{"class":50},[36,44165,44166,44168,44170,44172,44174,44176],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,44167,142],{"class":141},[36,44169,145],{"class":50},[36,44171,44107],{"class":148},[36,44173,12224],{"class":3917},[36,44175,44161],{"class":148},[36,44177,152],{"class":50},[36,44179,44180,44182,44184,44186,44188,44191],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,44181,142],{"class":141},[36,44183,145],{"class":50},[36,44185,12680],{"class":141},[36,44187,145],{"class":50},[36,44189,44190],{"class":148},"list_a",[36,44192,445],{"class":50},[36,44194,44195,44197,44199,44201,44203,44206],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,44196,142],{"class":141},[36,44198,145],{"class":50},[36,44200,12680],{"class":141},[36,44202,145],{"class":50},[36,44204,44205],{"class":148},"list_b",[36,44207,445],{"class":50},[14,44209,5598],{},[26,44211,44213],{"className":28,"code":44212,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"True\nFalse\n",[33,44214,44215,44219],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,44216,44217],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,44218,4020],{"class":1143},[36,44220,44221],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,44222,4081],{"class":1143},[14,44224,44225],{},"What this means:",[246,44227,44228,44231,44234],{},[249,44229,44230],{},"The lists are equal in value",[249,44232,44233],{},"They are not the same object",[249,44235,44236,44237,44239],{},"Their ",[33,44238,43526],{}," values are usually different",[14,44241,44242,44243,44245,44246,303],{},"This is why ",[33,44244,43526],{}," should not replace ",[33,44247,4727],{},[21,44249,44251,44252,44254],{"id":44250},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[33,44253,43526],{}," is useful",[14,44256,44257,44259],{},[33,44258,43526],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[246,44261,44262,44265,44268,44271],{},[249,44263,44264],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[249,44266,44267],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[249,44269,44270],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[249,44272,44273],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[14,44275,44276,44277,44279],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[33,44278,43526],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[26,44281,44283],{"className":28,"code":44282,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[33,44284,44285,44309,44318,44322,44341,44345,44355,44365,44379],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,44286,44287,44289,44291,44293,44295,44297,44299,44301,44303,44305,44307],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,44288,12116],{"class":42},[36,44290,47],{"class":46},[36,44292,1333],{"class":50},[36,44294,88],{"class":87},[36,44296,294],{"class":91},[36,44298,88],{"class":87},[36,44300,58],{"class":50},[36,44302,99],{"class":87},[36,44304,1707],{"class":91},[36,44306,88],{"class":87},[36,44308,1355],{"class":50},[36,44310,44311,44314,44316],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,44312,44313],{"class":42},"copy_ref ",[36,44315,47],{"class":46},[36,44317,12154],{"class":42},[36,44319,44320],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,44321,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,44323,44324,44327,44329,44331,44333,44335,44337,44339],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,44325,44326],{"class":42},"copy_ref",[36,44328,303],{"class":50},[36,44330,13586],{"class":148},[36,44332,145],{"class":50},[36,44334,88],{"class":87},[36,44336,9770],{"class":91},[36,44338,88],{"class":87},[36,44340,152],{"class":50},[36,44342,44343],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,44344,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,44346,44347,44349,44351,44353],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,44348,142],{"class":141},[36,44350,145],{"class":50},[36,44352,12163],{"class":148},[36,44354,152],{"class":50},[36,44356,44357,44359,44361,44363],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,44358,142],{"class":141},[36,44360,145],{"class":50},[36,44362,44326],{"class":148},[36,44364,152],{"class":50},[36,44366,44367,44369,44371,44373,44375,44377],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,44368,142],{"class":141},[36,44370,145],{"class":50},[36,44372,12680],{"class":141},[36,44374,145],{"class":50},[36,44376,12163],{"class":148},[36,44378,445],{"class":50},[36,44380,44381,44383,44385,44387,44389,44391],{"class":38,"line":6471},[36,44382,142],{"class":141},[36,44384,145],{"class":50},[36,44386,12680],{"class":141},[36,44388,145],{"class":50},[36,44390,44326],{"class":148},[36,44392,445],{"class":50},[14,44394,5598],{},[26,44396,44398],{"className":28,"code":44397,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[33,44399,44400,44428],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,44401,44402,44404,44406,44408,44410,44412,44414,44416,44418,44420,44422,44424,44426],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,44403,3941],{"class":50},[36,44405,211],{"class":87},[36,44407,294],{"class":91},[36,44409,211],{"class":87},[36,44411,58],{"class":50},[36,44413,220],{"class":87},[36,44415,1707],{"class":91},[36,44417,211],{"class":87},[36,44419,58],{"class":50},[36,44421,220],{"class":87},[36,44423,9770],{"class":91},[36,44425,211],{"class":87},[36,44427,1355],{"class":50},[36,44429,44430,44432,44434,44436,44438,44440,44442,44444,44446,44448,44450,44452,44454],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,44431,3941],{"class":50},[36,44433,211],{"class":87},[36,44435,294],{"class":91},[36,44437,211],{"class":87},[36,44439,58],{"class":50},[36,44441,220],{"class":87},[36,44443,1707],{"class":91},[36,44445,211],{"class":87},[36,44447,58],{"class":50},[36,44449,220],{"class":87},[36,44451,9770],{"class":91},[36,44453,211],{"class":87},[36,44455,1355],{"class":50},[14,44457,44458],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[21,44460,44462,44463],{"id":44461},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[33,44464,43526],{},[14,44466,861,44467,44469],{},[33,44468,43526],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[14,44471,44472],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[246,44474,44475,44481,44487,44490],{},[249,44476,44477,44478,44480],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[33,44479,4727],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[249,44482,44483,44484,44486],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[33,44485,43526],{}," values across program runs",[249,44488,44489],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[249,44491,44492,44493],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[33,44494,43526],{},[14,44496,44497],{},"Bad example:",[26,44499,44501],{"className":28,"code":44500,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[33,44502,44503,44515,44527,44531,44553],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,44504,44505,44507,44509,44511,44513],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,44506,2604],{"class":42},[36,44508,47],{"class":46},[36,44510,99],{"class":87},[36,44512,37082],{"class":91},[36,44514,3403],{"class":87},[36,44516,44517,44519,44521,44523,44525],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,44518,2632],{"class":42},[36,44520,47],{"class":46},[36,44522,99],{"class":87},[36,44524,37082],{"class":91},[36,44526,3403],{"class":87},[36,44528,44529],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,44530,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,44532,44533,44535,44537,44539,44541,44543,44545,44547,44549,44551],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,44534,7037],{"class":3917},[36,44536,14849],{"class":141},[36,44538,145],{"class":50},[36,44540,294],{"class":148},[36,44542,3703],{"class":50},[36,44544,6448],{"class":46},[36,44546,14849],{"class":141},[36,44548,145],{"class":50},[36,44550,1707],{"class":148},[36,44552,8378],{"class":50},[36,44554,44555,44557,44559,44561,44564,44566],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,44556,8105],{"class":141},[36,44558,145],{"class":50},[36,44560,88],{"class":87},[36,44562,44563],{"class":91},"The values are equal",[36,44565,88],{"class":87},[36,44567,152],{"class":50},[14,44569,44570],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[26,44572,44574],{"className":28,"code":44573,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[33,44575,44576,44589],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,44577,44578,44580,44583,44585,44587],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,44579,7037],{"class":3917},[36,44581,44582],{"class":42}," a ",[36,44584,4727],{"class":46},[36,44586,2609],{"class":42},[36,44588,6433],{"class":50},[36,44590,44591,44593,44595,44597,44599,44601],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,44592,8105],{"class":141},[36,44594,145],{"class":50},[36,44596,88],{"class":87},[36,44598,44563],{"class":91},[36,44600,88],{"class":87},[36,44602,152],{"class":50},[14,44604,495,44605,298,44607,44609],{},[33,44606,12224],{},[33,44608,43526],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[21,44611,20833],{"id":20832},[14,44613,44614],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[246,44616,44617,44620,44623,44628],{},[249,44618,44619],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[249,44621,44622],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[249,44624,44625,44626],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[33,44627,43526],{},[249,44629,44630,44631],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[33,44632,43526],{},[14,44634,44635],{},"The important rule is:",[246,44637,44638,44643],{},[249,44639,495,44640,44642],{},[33,44641,4727],{}," to check value",[249,44644,495,44645,44647],{},[33,44646,12224],{}," to check identity",[14,44649,44650,44651,44653],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[33,44652,43526],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[21,44655,1455],{"id":1454},[14,44657,44658,44659,1213],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[33,44660,43526],{},[246,44662,44663,44671,44674,44677,44682],{},[249,44664,1462,44665,44667,44668,44670],{},[33,44666,43526],{}," when ",[33,44669,4727],{}," should be used",[249,44672,44673],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[249,44675,44676],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[249,44678,44679,44680],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[33,44681,43526],{},[249,44683,1462,44684,44686],{},[33,44685,43526],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[14,44688,44689],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[26,44691,44693],{"className":28,"code":44692,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[33,44694,44695,44710,44724,44738,44752],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,44696,44697,44699,44701,44703,44705,44708],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,44698,142],{"class":141},[36,44700,145],{"class":50},[36,44702,12680],{"class":141},[36,44704,145],{"class":50},[36,44706,44707],{"class":148},"my_object",[36,44709,445],{"class":50},[36,44711,44712,44714,44716,44718,44720,44722],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,44713,142],{"class":141},[36,44715,145],{"class":50},[36,44717,2604],{"class":148},[36,44719,4727],{"class":46},[36,44721,2609],{"class":148},[36,44723,152],{"class":50},[36,44725,44726,44728,44730,44732,44734,44736],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,44727,142],{"class":141},[36,44729,145],{"class":50},[36,44731,2604],{"class":148},[36,44733,12224],{"class":3917},[36,44735,2609],{"class":148},[36,44737,152],{"class":50},[36,44739,44740,44742,44744,44746,44748,44750],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,44741,142],{"class":141},[36,44743,145],{"class":50},[36,44745,818],{"class":80},[36,44747,145],{"class":50},[36,44749,44707],{"class":148},[36,44751,445],{"class":50},[36,44753,44754,44756,44758,44760],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,44755,32186],{"class":141},[36,44757,145],{"class":50},[36,44759,12680],{"class":141},[36,44761,152],{"class":50},[21,44763,1872],{"id":1871},[376,44765,44767,44768,12747],{"id":44766},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[33,44769,43526],{},[14,44771,44772],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[376,44774,14936,44776,44778],{"id":44775},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[33,44777,43526],{}," the same as a memory address?",[14,44780,44781],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[376,44783,21452,44785,44787],{"id":44784},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[33,44786,43526],{}," to compare two values?",[14,44789,30304,44790,44792,44793,298,44795,44797],{},[33,44791,4727],{}," to compare values. Use ",[33,44794,43526],{},[33,44796,12224],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[376,44799,44801,44802,2541],{"id":44800},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[33,44803,43526],{},[14,44805,44806],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[376,44808,44810,44811,44813],{"id":44809},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[33,44812,43526],{}," values?",[14,44815,44816],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[21,44818,1923],{"id":1922},[246,44820,44821,44826,44831,44836,44844],{},[249,44822,44823],{},[294,44824,44825],{"href":43664},"Python variables explained for beginners",[249,44827,44828],{},[294,44829,44830],{"href":43973},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[249,44832,44833],{},[294,44834,44835],{"href":43977},"Python data types overview",[249,44837,44838],{},[294,44839,1935,44841,3554],{"href":44840},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[33,44842,44843],{},"isinstance()",[249,44845,44846],{},[294,44847,44849],{"href":44848},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1962,44851,44852],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":44854},[44855,44857,44858,44859,44860,44861,44863,44865,44866,44867,44879],{"id":43630,"depth":72,"text":44856},"What id() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":43798,"depth":72,"text":43799},{"id":43981,"depth":72,"text":43982},{"id":44093,"depth":72,"text":44094},{"id":44250,"depth":72,"text":44862},"When id() is useful",{"id":44461,"depth":72,"text":44864},"When not to use id()",{"id":20832,"depth":72,"text":20833},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":44868},[44869,44871,44873,44875,44877],{"id":44766,"depth":118,"text":44870},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44775,"depth":118,"text":44872},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44784,"depth":118,"text":44874},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44800,"depth":118,"text":44876},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44809,"depth":118,"text":44878},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43518,"description":44880},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44887,"title":42231,"body":44888,"description":46528,"extension":2009,"meta":46529,"navigation":134,"path":46530,"seo":46531,"stem":46532,"__hash__":46533},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44889,"toc":46494},[44890,44895,44900,44903,44905,44948,44953,44956,44961,44966,44969,44985,44987,45031,45033,45060,45062,45077,45079,45081,45083,45099,45101,45113,45116,45150,45153,45178,45183,45185,45190,45194,45197,45199,45247,45249,45282,45288,45299,45301,45353,45355,45386,45388,45392,45396,45439,45445,45451,45503,45511,45516,45520,45611,45613,45646,45649,45651,45711,45713,45739,45749,45751,45755,45760,45765,45767,45804,45806,45825,45828,45832,45835,45891,45903,45912,45914,45941,45949,45956,45960,45963,46000,46003,46009,46046,46048,46052,46058,46076,46081,46129,46133,46222,46225,46232,46234,46236,46241,46259,46261,46304,46310,46327,46329,46391,46393,46395,46401,46409,46415,46421,46430,46440,46444,46452,46454,46456,46491],[10,44891,1935,44893,3624],{"id":44892},"python-input-function-explained",[33,44894,3007],{},[14,44896,2026,44897,44899],{},[33,44898,3007],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[14,44901,44902],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[21,44904,2051],{"id":2050},[26,44906,44908],{"className":28,"code":44907,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[33,44909,44910,44929],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,44911,44912,44914,44916,44918,44920,44922,44925,44927],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,44913,7912],{"class":42},[36,44915,47],{"class":46},[36,44917,8278],{"class":141},[36,44919,145],{"class":50},[36,44921,88],{"class":87},[36,44923,44924],{"class":91},"Enter your name: ",[36,44926,88],{"class":87},[36,44928,152],{"class":50},[36,44930,44931,44933,44935,44937,44940,44942,44944,44946],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,44932,142],{"class":141},[36,44934,145],{"class":50},[36,44936,88],{"class":87},[36,44938,44939],{"class":91},"Hello, ",[36,44941,88],{"class":87},[36,44943,2504],{"class":46},[36,44945,36028],{"class":148},[36,44947,152],{"class":50},[14,44949,495,44950,44952],{},[33,44951,3007],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44954,44955],"hr",{},[21,44957,3720,44959,3723],{"id":44958},"what-input-does",[33,44960,3007],{},[14,44962,44963,44965],{},[33,44964,3007],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[14,44967,44968],{},"Here is what happens:",[246,44970,44971,44976,44979,44982],{},[249,44972,44973,44975],{},[33,44974,3007],{}," waits for the user to type",[249,44977,44978],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[249,44980,44981],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[249,44983,44984],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[14,44986,2257],{},[26,44988,44990],{"className":28,"code":44989,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[33,44991,44992,45012],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,44993,44994,44997,44999,45001,45003,45005,45008,45010],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,44995,44996],{"class":42},"color ",[36,44998,47],{"class":46},[36,45000,8278],{"class":141},[36,45002,145],{"class":50},[36,45004,88],{"class":87},[36,45006,45007],{"class":91},"What is your favorite color? ",[36,45009,88],{"class":87},[36,45011,152],{"class":50},[36,45013,45014,45016,45018,45020,45023,45025,45027,45029],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,45015,142],{"class":141},[36,45017,145],{"class":50},[36,45019,88],{"class":87},[36,45021,45022],{"class":91},"Your favorite color is",[36,45024,88],{"class":87},[36,45026,58],{"class":50},[36,45028,35887],{"class":148},[36,45030,152],{"class":50},[14,45032,350],{},[26,45034,45036],{"className":28,"code":45035,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[33,45037,45038,45051],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,45039,45040,45042,45044,45047,45049],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,45041,3720],{"class":42},[36,45043,12224],{"class":46},[36,45045,45046],{"class":42}," your favorite color",[36,45048,2541],{"class":37402},[36,45050,35917],{"class":42},[36,45052,45053,45056,45058],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,45054,45055],{"class":42},"Your favorite color ",[36,45057,12224],{"class":46},[36,45059,35917],{"class":42},[14,45061,19989],{},[246,45063,45064,45069,45074],{},[249,45065,45066,45067],{},"The prompt is ",[33,45068,45007],{},[249,45070,45071,45072],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[33,45073,32925],{},[249,45075,45076],{},"That value is then printed",[44954,45078],{},[21,45080,2205],{"id":2204},[14,45082,7257],{},[26,45084,45086],{"className":28,"code":45085,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"input(prompt)\n",[33,45087,45088],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,45089,45090,45092,45094,45097],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,45091,42500],{"class":141},[36,45093,145],{"class":50},[36,45095,45096],{"class":148},"prompt",[36,45098,152],{"class":50},[14,45100,11488],{},[246,45102,45103,45107,45110],{},[249,45104,2026,45105,20071],{},[33,45106,45096],{},[249,45108,45109],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[249,45111,45112],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[14,45114,45115],{},"Example with a prompt:",[26,45117,45119],{"className":28,"code":45118,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[33,45120,45121,45140],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,45122,45123,45125,45127,45129,45131,45133,45136,45138],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,45124,7997],{"class":42},[36,45126,47],{"class":46},[36,45128,8278],{"class":141},[36,45130,145],{"class":50},[36,45132,88],{"class":87},[36,45134,45135],{"class":91},"Enter your username: ",[36,45137,88],{"class":87},[36,45139,152],{"class":50},[36,45141,45142,45144,45146,45148],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,45143,142],{"class":141},[36,45145,145],{"class":50},[36,45147,8021],{"class":148},[36,45149,152],{"class":50},[14,45151,45152],{},"Example without a prompt:",[26,45154,45156],{"className":28,"code":45155,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[33,45157,45158,45168],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,45159,45160,45162,45164,45166],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,45161,1478],{"class":42},[36,45163,47],{"class":46},[36,45165,8278],{"class":141},[36,45167,128],{"class":50},[36,45169,45170,45172,45174,45176],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,45171,142],{"class":141},[36,45173,145],{"class":50},[36,45175,1495],{"class":148},[36,45177,152],{"class":50},[14,45179,7801,45180,45182],{},[33,45181,3007],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44954,45184],{},[21,45186,3720,45188,11736],{"id":45187},"what-input-returns",[33,45189,3007],{},[14,45191,45192,8261],{},[33,45193,3007],{},[14,45195,45196],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[14,45198,2257],{},[26,45200,45202],{"className":28,"code":45201,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[33,45203,45204,45223,45233],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,45205,45206,45208,45210,45212,45214,45216,45219,45221],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,45207,21660],{"class":42},[36,45209,47],{"class":46},[36,45211,8278],{"class":141},[36,45213,145],{"class":50},[36,45215,88],{"class":87},[36,45217,45218],{"class":91},"Enter your age: ",[36,45220,88],{"class":87},[36,45222,152],{"class":50},[36,45224,45225,45227,45229,45231],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,45226,142],{"class":141},[36,45228,145],{"class":50},[36,45230,9331],{"class":148},[36,45232,152],{"class":50},[36,45234,45235,45237,45239,45241,45243,45245],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,45236,142],{"class":141},[36,45238,145],{"class":50},[36,45240,818],{"class":80},[36,45242,145],{"class":50},[36,45244,9331],{"class":148},[36,45246,445],{"class":50},[14,45248,350],{},[26,45250,45252],{"className":28,"code":45251,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[33,45253,45254,45264,45268],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,45255,45256,45259,45261],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,45257,45258],{"class":42},"Enter your age",[36,45260,1213],{"class":50},[36,45262,45263],{"class":54}," 25\n",[36,45265,45266],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,45267,2759],{"class":54},[36,45269,45270,45272,45274,45276,45278,45280],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,45271,844],{"class":46},[36,45273,848],{"class":847},[36,45275,220],{"class":87},[36,45277,3488],{"class":91},[36,45279,211],{"class":87},[36,45281,857],{"class":46},[14,45283,45284,45285,45287],{},"Even though the user typed ",[33,45286,9228],{},", Python treats it as text.",[14,45289,45290,45291,298,45295,303],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[294,45292,45293],{"href":2924},[33,45294,2927],{},[294,45296,45297],{"href":2930},[33,45298,2933],{},[14,45300,2257],{},[26,45302,45304],{"className":28,"code":45303,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[33,45305,45306,45329,45339],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,45307,45308,45310,45312,45315,45317,45319,45321,45323,45325,45327],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,45309,21660],{"class":42},[36,45311,47],{"class":46},[36,45313,45314],{"class":80}," int",[36,45316,145],{"class":50},[36,45318,42500],{"class":141},[36,45320,145],{"class":50},[36,45322,88],{"class":87},[36,45324,45218],{"class":91},[36,45326,88],{"class":87},[36,45328,445],{"class":50},[36,45330,45331,45333,45335,45337],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,45332,142],{"class":141},[36,45334,145],{"class":50},[36,45336,9331],{"class":148},[36,45338,152],{"class":50},[36,45340,45341,45343,45345,45347,45349,45351],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,45342,142],{"class":141},[36,45344,145],{"class":50},[36,45346,818],{"class":80},[36,45348,145],{"class":50},[36,45350,9331],{"class":148},[36,45352,445],{"class":50},[14,45354,350],{},[26,45356,45358],{"className":28,"code":45357,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[33,45359,45360,45368,45372],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,45361,45362,45364,45366],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,45363,45258],{"class":42},[36,45365,1213],{"class":50},[36,45367,45263],{"class":54},[36,45369,45370],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,45371,2759],{"class":54},[36,45373,45374,45376,45378,45380,45382,45384],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,45375,844],{"class":46},[36,45377,848],{"class":847},[36,45379,220],{"class":87},[36,45381,2237],{"class":91},[36,45383,211],{"class":87},[36,45385,857],{"class":46},[44954,45387],{},[21,45389,45391],{"id":45390},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[376,45393,45395],{"id":45394},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[26,45397,45399],{"className":28,"code":45398,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[33,45400,45401,45420],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,45402,45403,45405,45407,45409,45411,45413,45416,45418],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,45404,7912],{"class":42},[36,45406,47],{"class":46},[36,45408,8278],{"class":141},[36,45410,145],{"class":50},[36,45412,88],{"class":87},[36,45414,45415],{"class":91},"What is your name? ",[36,45417,88],{"class":87},[36,45419,152],{"class":50},[36,45421,45422,45424,45426,45428,45431,45433,45435,45437],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,45423,142],{"class":141},[36,45425,145],{"class":50},[36,45427,88],{"class":87},[36,45429,45430],{"class":91},"Hello,",[36,45432,88],{"class":87},[36,45434,58],{"class":50},[36,45436,36028],{"class":148},[36,45438,152],{"class":50},[14,45440,45441,45442,45444],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[33,45443,1250],{}," and prints it.",[376,45446,45448,45449],{"id":45447},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[33,45450,2927],{},[26,45452,45454],{"className":28,"code":45453,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[33,45455,45456,45479],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,45457,45458,45460,45462,45464,45466,45468,45470,45472,45475,45477],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,45459,21660],{"class":42},[36,45461,47],{"class":46},[36,45463,45314],{"class":80},[36,45465,145],{"class":50},[36,45467,42500],{"class":141},[36,45469,145],{"class":50},[36,45471,88],{"class":87},[36,45473,45474],{"class":91},"How old are you? ",[36,45476,88],{"class":87},[36,45478,445],{"class":50},[36,45480,45481,45483,45485,45487,45490,45492,45494,45497,45499,45501],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,45482,142],{"class":141},[36,45484,145],{"class":50},[36,45486,88],{"class":87},[36,45488,45489],{"class":91},"Next year you will be",[36,45491,88],{"class":87},[36,45493,58],{"class":50},[36,45495,45496],{"class":148}," age ",[36,45498,2107],{"class":46},[36,45500,1340],{"class":54},[36,45502,152],{"class":50},[14,45504,6100,45505,45507,45508,45510],{},[33,45506,2927],{}," converts the text from ",[33,45509,3007],{}," into a whole number.",[14,45512,45513,45514,303],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[294,45515,9015],{"href":9014},[376,45517,45519],{"id":45518},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[26,45521,45523],{"className":28,"code":45522,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[33,45524,45525,45549,45573,45587,45591],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,45526,45527,45530,45532,45534,45536,45538,45540,45542,45545,45547],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,45528,45529],{"class":42},"num1 ",[36,45531,47],{"class":46},[36,45533,45314],{"class":80},[36,45535,145],{"class":50},[36,45537,42500],{"class":141},[36,45539,145],{"class":50},[36,45541,88],{"class":87},[36,45543,45544],{"class":91},"Enter the first number: ",[36,45546,88],{"class":87},[36,45548,445],{"class":50},[36,45550,45551,45554,45556,45558,45560,45562,45564,45566,45569,45571],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,45552,45553],{"class":42},"num2 ",[36,45555,47],{"class":46},[36,45557,45314],{"class":80},[36,45559,145],{"class":50},[36,45561,42500],{"class":141},[36,45563,145],{"class":50},[36,45565,88],{"class":87},[36,45567,45568],{"class":91},"Enter the second number: ",[36,45570,88],{"class":87},[36,45572,445],{"class":50},[36,45574,45575,45577,45579,45582,45584],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,45576,41219],{"class":42},[36,45578,47],{"class":46},[36,45580,45581],{"class":42}," num1 ",[36,45583,2107],{"class":46},[36,45585,45586],{"class":42}," num2\n",[36,45588,45589],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,45590,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,45592,45593,45595,45597,45599,45602,45604,45606,45609],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,45594,142],{"class":141},[36,45596,145],{"class":50},[36,45598,88],{"class":87},[36,45600,45601],{"class":91},"Total:",[36,45603,88],{"class":87},[36,45605,58],{"class":50},[36,45607,45608],{"class":148}," total",[36,45610,152],{"class":50},[14,45612,350],{},[26,45614,45616],{"className":28,"code":45615,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[33,45617,45618,45628,45637],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,45619,45620,45623,45625],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,45621,45622],{"class":42},"Enter the first number",[36,45624,1213],{"class":50},[36,45626,45627],{"class":54}," 2\n",[36,45629,45630,45633,45635],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,45631,45632],{"class":42},"Enter the second number",[36,45634,1213],{"class":50},[36,45636,2627],{"class":54},[36,45638,45639,45642,45644],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,45640,45641],{"class":42},"Total",[36,45643,1213],{"class":50},[36,45645,34877],{"class":54},[14,45647,45648],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[14,45650,2257],{},[26,45652,45654],{"className":28,"code":45653,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[33,45655,45656,45674,45692,45696],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,45657,45658,45660,45662,45664,45666,45668,45670,45672],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,45659,45529],{"class":42},[36,45661,47],{"class":46},[36,45663,8278],{"class":141},[36,45665,145],{"class":50},[36,45667,88],{"class":87},[36,45669,45544],{"class":91},[36,45671,88],{"class":87},[36,45673,152],{"class":50},[36,45675,45676,45678,45680,45682,45684,45686,45688,45690],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,45677,45553],{"class":42},[36,45679,47],{"class":46},[36,45681,8278],{"class":141},[36,45683,145],{"class":50},[36,45685,88],{"class":87},[36,45687,45568],{"class":91},[36,45689,88],{"class":87},[36,45691,152],{"class":50},[36,45693,45694],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,45695,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,45697,45698,45700,45702,45704,45706,45709],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,45699,142],{"class":141},[36,45701,145],{"class":50},[36,45703,45529],{"class":148},[36,45705,2107],{"class":46},[36,45707,45708],{"class":148}," num2",[36,45710,152],{"class":50},[14,45712,350],{},[26,45714,45716],{"className":28,"code":45715,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[33,45717,45718,45726,45734],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,45719,45720,45722,45724],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,45721,45622],{"class":42},[36,45723,1213],{"class":50},[36,45725,45627],{"class":54},[36,45727,45728,45730,45732],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,45729,45632],{"class":42},[36,45731,1213],{"class":50},[36,45733,2627],{"class":54},[36,45735,45736],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,45737,45738],{"class":54},"23\n",[14,45740,45741,45742,45745,45746,303],{},"That happens because ",[33,45743,45744],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[33,45747,45748],{},"\"23\"",[44954,45750],{},[21,45752,45754],{"id":45753},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[14,45756,45757,45758,303],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[33,45759,3007],{},[376,45761,4743,45763,41579],{"id":45762},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[33,45764,3007],{},[14,45766,39235],{},[26,45768,45770],{"className":28,"code":45769,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[33,45771,45772,45790],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,45773,45774,45776,45778,45780,45782,45784,45786,45788],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,45775,1478],{"class":42},[36,45777,47],{"class":46},[36,45779,8278],{"class":141},[36,45781,145],{"class":50},[36,45783,88],{"class":87},[36,45785,41908],{"class":91},[36,45787,88],{"class":87},[36,45789,152],{"class":50},[36,45791,45792,45794,45796,45798,45800,45802],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,45793,142],{"class":141},[36,45795,145],{"class":50},[36,45797,818],{"class":80},[36,45799,145],{"class":50},[36,45801,1495],{"class":148},[36,45803,445],{"class":50},[14,45805,182],{},[26,45807,45809],{"className":28,"code":45808,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[33,45810,45811],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,45812,45813,45815,45817,45819,45821,45823],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,45814,844],{"class":46},[36,45816,848],{"class":847},[36,45818,220],{"class":87},[36,45820,3488],{"class":91},[36,45822,211],{"class":87},[36,45824,857],{"class":46},[14,45826,45827],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[376,45829,45831],{"id":45830},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[14,45833,45834],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[26,45836,45838],{"className":28,"code":45837,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[33,45839,45840,45858,45877],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,45841,45842,45844,45846,45848,45850,45852,45854,45856],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,45843,2604],{"class":42},[36,45845,47],{"class":46},[36,45847,8278],{"class":141},[36,45849,145],{"class":50},[36,45851,88],{"class":87},[36,45853,41908],{"class":91},[36,45855,88],{"class":87},[36,45857,152],{"class":50},[36,45859,45860,45862,45864,45866,45868,45870,45873,45875],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,45861,2632],{"class":42},[36,45863,47],{"class":46},[36,45865,8278],{"class":141},[36,45867,145],{"class":50},[36,45869,88],{"class":87},[36,45871,45872],{"class":91},"Enter another number: ",[36,45874,88],{"class":87},[36,45876,152],{"class":50},[36,45878,45879,45881,45883,45885,45887,45889],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,45880,142],{"class":141},[36,45882,145],{"class":50},[36,45884,2604],{"class":148},[36,45886,2107],{"class":46},[36,45888,2609],{"class":148},[36,45890,152],{"class":50},[14,45892,41157,45893,482,45895,45897,45898,18995,45901,303],{},[33,45894,2554],{},[33,45896,2183],{},", the result is ",[33,45899,45900],{},"45",[33,45902,2191],{},[376,45904,45906,45907,45909,45910],{"id":45905},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[33,45908,40740],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[33,45911,2927],{},[14,45913,2257],{},[26,45915,45917],{"className":28,"code":45916,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[33,45918,45919],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,45920,45921,45923,45925,45927,45929,45931,45933,45935,45937,45939],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,45922,21660],{"class":42},[36,45924,47],{"class":46},[36,45926,45314],{"class":80},[36,45928,145],{"class":50},[36,45930,42500],{"class":141},[36,45932,145],{"class":50},[36,45934,88],{"class":87},[36,45936,45218],{"class":91},[36,45938,88],{"class":87},[36,45940,445],{"class":50},[14,45942,8307,45943,45946,45947,303],{},[33,45944,45945],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[33,45948,40740],{},[14,45950,45951,45952,303],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[294,45953,45955],{"href":45954},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[376,45957,45959],{"id":45958},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[14,45961,45962],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[26,45964,45966],{"className":28,"code":45965,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[33,45967,45968,45986],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,45969,45970,45972,45974,45976,45978,45980,45982,45984],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,45971,7912],{"class":42},[36,45973,47],{"class":46},[36,45975,8278],{"class":141},[36,45977,145],{"class":50},[36,45979,88],{"class":87},[36,45981,44924],{"class":91},[36,45983,88],{"class":87},[36,45985,152],{"class":50},[36,45987,45988,45990,45992,45994,45996,45998],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,45989,142],{"class":141},[36,45991,145],{"class":50},[36,45993,41816],{"class":141},[36,45995,145],{"class":50},[36,45997,1250],{"class":148},[36,45999,445],{"class":50},[14,46001,46002],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[14,46004,46005,46006,1213],{},"You can remove them with ",[33,46007,46008],{},".strip()",[26,46010,46012],{"className":28,"code":46011,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[33,46013,46014,46036],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,46015,46016,46018,46020,46022,46024,46026,46028,46030,46032,46034],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,46017,7912],{"class":42},[36,46019,47],{"class":46},[36,46021,8278],{"class":141},[36,46023,145],{"class":50},[36,46025,88],{"class":87},[36,46027,44924],{"class":91},[36,46029,88],{"class":87},[36,46031,8668],{"class":50},[36,46033,8671],{"class":148},[36,46035,128],{"class":50},[36,46037,46038,46040,46042,46044],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,46039,142],{"class":141},[36,46041,145],{"class":50},[36,46043,1250],{"class":148},[36,46045,152],{"class":50},[44954,46047],{},[21,46049,46051],{"id":46050},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[14,46053,46054,46055,46057],{},"These habits make ",[33,46056,3007],{}," easier and safer to use.",[246,46059,46060,46063,46068,46071],{},[249,46061,46062],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[249,46064,495,46065,46067],{},[33,46066,46008],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[249,46069,46070],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[249,46072,495,46073,46075],{},[33,46074,29816],{}," when converting input to numbers",[14,46077,46078,46079,1213],{},"Example with ",[33,46080,46008],{},[26,46082,46084],{"className":28,"code":46083,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[33,46085,46086,46110],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,46087,46088,46091,46093,46095,46097,46099,46102,46104,46106,46108],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,46089,46090],{"class":42},"city ",[36,46092,47],{"class":46},[36,46094,8278],{"class":141},[36,46096,145],{"class":50},[36,46098,88],{"class":87},[36,46100,46101],{"class":91},"Enter your city: ",[36,46103,88],{"class":87},[36,46105,8668],{"class":50},[36,46107,8671],{"class":148},[36,46109,128],{"class":50},[36,46111,46112,46114,46116,46118,46121,46123,46125,46127],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,46113,142],{"class":141},[36,46115,145],{"class":50},[36,46117,88],{"class":87},[36,46119,46120],{"class":91},"City:",[36,46122,88],{"class":87},[36,46124,58],{"class":50},[36,46126,31418],{"class":148},[36,46128,152],{"class":50},[14,46130,46078,46131,1213],{},[33,46132,29816],{},[26,46134,46136],{"className":28,"code":46135,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[33,46137,46138,46144,46167,46199,46207],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,46139,46140,46142],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,46141,29838],{"class":3917},[36,46143,6433],{"class":50},[36,46145,46146,46149,46151,46153,46155,46157,46159,46161,46163,46165],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,46147,46148],{"class":42},"    age ",[36,46150,47],{"class":46},[36,46152,45314],{"class":80},[36,46154,145],{"class":50},[36,46156,42500],{"class":141},[36,46158,145],{"class":50},[36,46160,88],{"class":87},[36,46162,45218],{"class":91},[36,46164,88],{"class":87},[36,46166,445],{"class":50},[36,46168,46169,46171,46173,46175,46178,46180,46182,46184,46186,46188,46190,46192,46195,46197],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,46170,8105],{"class":141},[36,46172,145],{"class":50},[36,46174,88],{"class":87},[36,46176,46177],{"class":91},"You will be",[36,46179,88],{"class":87},[36,46181,58],{"class":50},[36,46183,45496],{"class":148},[36,46185,2107],{"class":46},[36,46187,1340],{"class":54},[36,46189,58],{"class":50},[36,46191,99],{"class":87},[36,46193,46194],{"class":91},"next year",[36,46196,88],{"class":87},[36,46198,152],{"class":50},[36,46200,46201,46203,46205],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,46202,29869],{"class":3917},[36,46204,41963],{"class":80},[36,46206,6433],{"class":50},[36,46208,46209,46211,46213,46215,46218,46220],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,46210,8105],{"class":141},[36,46212,145],{"class":50},[36,46214,88],{"class":87},[36,46216,46217],{"class":91},"Please enter a whole number.",[36,46219,88],{"class":87},[36,46221,152],{"class":50},[14,46223,46224],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[14,46226,46227,46228,303],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[294,46229,46231],{"href":46230},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44954,46233],{},[21,46235,1455],{"id":1454},[14,46237,46238,46239,1213],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[33,46240,3007],{},[246,46242,46243,46250,46253,46256],{},[249,46244,46245,46246,298,46248],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[33,46247,2927],{},[33,46249,2933],{},[249,46251,46252],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[249,46254,46255],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[249,46257,46258],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[14,46260,32116],{},[26,46262,46264],{"className":28,"code":46263,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[33,46265,46266,46276,46290],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,46267,46268,46270,46272,46274],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,46269,142],{"class":141},[36,46271,145],{"class":50},[36,46273,1495],{"class":148},[36,46275,152],{"class":50},[36,46277,46278,46280,46282,46284,46286,46288],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,46279,142],{"class":141},[36,46281,145],{"class":50},[36,46283,818],{"class":80},[36,46285,145],{"class":50},[36,46287,1495],{"class":148},[36,46289,445],{"class":50},[36,46291,46292,46294,46296,46298,46300,46302],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,46293,142],{"class":141},[36,46295,145],{"class":50},[36,46297,41816],{"class":141},[36,46299,145],{"class":50},[36,46301,1495],{"class":148},[36,46303,445],{"class":50},[14,46305,46306,46307,46309],{},"These help you inspect what ",[33,46308,3007],{}," actually returned:",[246,46311,46312,46317,46322],{},[249,46313,46314,46316],{},[33,46315,41864],{}," shows the value",[249,46318,46319,46321],{},[33,46320,41870],{}," shows the data type",[249,46323,46324,46326],{},[33,46325,41875],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[14,46328,2257],{},[26,46330,46332],{"className":28,"code":46331,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[33,46333,46334,46353,46363,46377],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,46335,46336,46338,46340,46342,46344,46346,46349,46351],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,46337,1478],{"class":42},[36,46339,47],{"class":46},[36,46341,8278],{"class":141},[36,46343,145],{"class":50},[36,46345,88],{"class":87},[36,46347,46348],{"class":91},"Enter something: ",[36,46350,88],{"class":87},[36,46352,152],{"class":50},[36,46354,46355,46357,46359,46361],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,46356,142],{"class":141},[36,46358,145],{"class":50},[36,46360,1495],{"class":148},[36,46362,152],{"class":50},[36,46364,46365,46367,46369,46371,46373,46375],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,46366,142],{"class":141},[36,46368,145],{"class":50},[36,46370,818],{"class":80},[36,46372,145],{"class":50},[36,46374,1495],{"class":148},[36,46376,445],{"class":50},[36,46378,46379,46381,46383,46385,46387,46389],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,46380,142],{"class":141},[36,46382,145],{"class":50},[36,46384,41816],{"class":141},[36,46386,145],{"class":50},[36,46388,1495],{"class":148},[36,46390,445],{"class":50},[44954,46392],{},[21,46394,1872],{"id":1871},[376,46396,12735,46398,46400],{"id":46397},"does-input-return-an-integer",[33,46399,3007],{}," return an integer?",[14,46402,46403,46404,46406,46407,39966],{},"No. ",[33,46405,3007],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[33,46408,2927],{},[376,46410,46412,46413,2541],{"id":46411},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[33,46414,3007],{},[14,46416,46417,46418,46420],{},"No. You can call ",[33,46419,3007],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[376,46422,5198,46424,46427,46428,2541],{"id":46423},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[33,46425,46426],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[33,46429,3007],{},[14,46431,29096,46432,46434,46435,42192,46437,46439],{},[33,46433,3007],{}," returns strings. ",[33,46436,45744],{},[33,46438,45748],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[376,46441,46443],{"id":46442},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[14,46445,495,46446,46448,46449,303],{},[33,46447,46008],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[33,46450,46451],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44954,46453],{},[21,46455,1923],{"id":1922},[246,46457,46458,46463,46467,46473,46479,46483],{},[249,46459,46460],{},[294,46461,46462],{"href":46230},"How to get user input in Python",[249,46464,46465],{},[294,46466,9092],{"href":9014},[249,46468,46469],{},[294,46470,1935,46471,3554],{"href":2924},[33,46472,2927],{},[249,46474,46475],{},[294,46476,1935,46477,3554],{"href":2930},[33,46478,2933],{},[249,46480,46481],{},[294,46482,45955],{"href":45954},[249,46484,46485],{},[294,46486,1935,46488,3554],{"href":46487},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[33,46489,46490],{},"print()",[1962,46492,46493],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":46495},[46496,46497,46499,46500,46502,46508,46516,46517,46518,46527],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":44958,"depth":72,"text":46498},"What input() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":45187,"depth":72,"text":46501},"What input() returns",{"id":45390,"depth":72,"text":45391,"children":46503},[46504,46505,46507],{"id":45394,"depth":118,"text":45395},{"id":45447,"depth":118,"text":46506},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45518,"depth":118,"text":45519},{"id":45753,"depth":72,"text":45754,"children":46509},[46510,46512,46513,46515],{"id":45762,"depth":118,"text":46511},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45830,"depth":118,"text":45831},{"id":45905,"depth":118,"text":46514},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45958,"depth":118,"text":45959},{"id":46050,"depth":72,"text":46051},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":46519},[46520,46522,46524,46526],{"id":46397,"depth":118,"text":46521},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46411,"depth":118,"text":46523},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46423,"depth":118,"text":46525},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46442,"depth":118,"text":46443},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42231,"description":46528},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46535,"title":42133,"body":46536,"description":48848,"extension":2009,"meta":48849,"navigation":134,"path":48850,"seo":48851,"stem":48852,"__hash__":48853},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46537,"toc":48800},[46538,46543,46548,46553,46574,46577,46579,46639,46641,46659,46664,46669,46674,46676,46689,46691,46774,46776,46817,46823,46825,46855,46861,46864,46881,46883,46935,46937,46955,46961,46967,46970,46988,46990,47063,47065,47084,47091,47097,47102,47105,47165,47167,47186,47189,47192,47207,47213,47217,47278,47280,47301,47305,47434,47436,47566,47576,47582,47588,47596,47662,47664,47689,47692,47709,47722,47728,47731,47764,47766,47779,47782,47825,47827,47835,47842,47846,47853,47857,47884,47886,47894,47900,47917,47922,47926,47953,47955,47963,47967,47972,47975,48001,48004,48013,48021,48025,48035,48039,48042,48044,48095,48097,48127,48137,48164,48166,48174,48184,48188,48191,48193,48241,48243,48287,48293,48344,48346,48365,48370,48375,48378,48397,48400,48452,48454,48463,48465,48469,48473,48476,48485,48492,48494,48521,48525,48527,48536,48539,48546,48552,48612,48616,48618,48626,48629,48655,48661,48664,48684,48686,48695,48703,48705,48711,48716,48723,48733,48739,48747,48751,48754,48756,48797],[10,46539,1935,46541,3624],{"id":46540},"python-int-function-explained",[33,46542,2927],{},[14,46544,32351,46545,46547],{},[33,46546,2927],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[14,46549,35441,46550,46552],{},[33,46551,2927],{}," when they want to:",[246,46554,46555,46565,46568,46571],{},[249,46556,46557,46558,46561,46562],{},"turn text like ",[33,46559,46560],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[33,46563,46564],{},"42",[249,46566,46567],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[249,46569,46570],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[249,46572,46573],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[14,46575,46576],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[21,46578,2051],{"id":2050},[26,46580,46582],{"className":28,"code":46581,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[33,46583,46584,46602,46616],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,46585,46586,46588,46590,46592,46594,46596,46598,46600],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,46587,142],{"class":141},[36,46589,145],{"class":50},[36,46591,2237],{"class":80},[36,46593,145],{"class":50},[36,46595,88],{"class":87},[36,46597,46564],{"class":91},[36,46599,88],{"class":87},[36,46601,445],{"class":50},[36,46603,46604,46606,46608,46610,46612,46614],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,46605,142],{"class":141},[36,46607,145],{"class":50},[36,46609,2237],{"class":80},[36,46611,145],{"class":50},[36,46613,42021],{"class":54},[36,46615,445],{"class":50},[36,46617,46618,46620,46622,46624,46626,46628,46631,46633,46635,46637],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,46619,142],{"class":141},[36,46621,145],{"class":50},[36,46623,2237],{"class":80},[36,46625,145],{"class":50},[36,46627,88],{"class":87},[36,46629,46630],{"class":91},"101",[36,46632,88],{"class":87},[36,46634,58],{"class":50},[36,46636,61],{"class":54},[36,46638,445],{"class":50},[14,46640,182],{},[26,46642,46644],{"className":28,"code":46643,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"42\n3\n5\n",[33,46645,46646,46651,46655],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,46647,46648],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,46649,46650],{"class":54},"42\n",[36,46652,46653],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,46654,475],{"class":54},[36,46656,46657],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,46658,2996],{"class":54},[14,46660,495,46661,46663],{},[33,46662,2927],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[21,46665,3720,46667,3723],{"id":46666},"what-int-does",[33,46668,2927],{},[14,46670,46671,46673],{},[33,46672,2927],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[14,46675,13084],{},[246,46677,46678,46683,46686],{},[249,46679,46680,46681,7379],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[33,46682,2237],{},[249,46684,46685],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[249,46687,46688],{},"It does not change the original object.",[14,46690,2257],{},[26,46692,46694],{"className":28,"code":46693,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[33,46695,46696,46708,46722,46726,46736,46746,46760],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,46697,46698,46700,46702,46704,46706],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,46699,34722],{"class":42},[36,46701,47],{"class":46},[36,46703,99],{"class":87},[36,46705,9228],{"class":91},[36,46707,3403],{"class":87},[36,46709,46710,46712,46714,46716,46718,46720],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,46711,2267],{"class":42},[36,46713,47],{"class":46},[36,46715,45314],{"class":80},[36,46717,145],{"class":50},[36,46719,34743],{"class":148},[36,46721,152],{"class":50},[36,46723,46724],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,46725,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,46727,46728,46730,46732,46734],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,46729,142],{"class":141},[36,46731,145],{"class":50},[36,46733,34743],{"class":148},[36,46735,152],{"class":50},[36,46737,46738,46740,46742,46744],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,46739,142],{"class":141},[36,46741,145],{"class":50},[36,46743,2290],{"class":148},[36,46745,152],{"class":50},[36,46747,46748,46750,46752,46754,46756,46758],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,46749,142],{"class":141},[36,46751,145],{"class":50},[36,46753,818],{"class":80},[36,46755,145],{"class":50},[36,46757,34743],{"class":148},[36,46759,445],{"class":50},[36,46761,46762,46764,46766,46768,46770,46772],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,46763,142],{"class":141},[36,46765,145],{"class":50},[36,46767,818],{"class":80},[36,46769,145],{"class":50},[36,46771,2290],{"class":148},[36,46773,445],{"class":50},[14,46775,182],{},[26,46777,46779],{"className":28,"code":46778,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[33,46780,46781,46785,46789,46803],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,46782,46783],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,46784,2759],{"class":54},[36,46786,46787],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,46788,2759],{"class":54},[36,46790,46791,46793,46795,46797,46799,46801],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,46792,844],{"class":46},[36,46794,848],{"class":847},[36,46796,220],{"class":87},[36,46798,3488],{"class":91},[36,46800,211],{"class":87},[36,46802,857],{"class":46},[36,46804,46805,46807,46809,46811,46813,46815],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,46806,844],{"class":46},[36,46808,848],{"class":847},[36,46810,220],{"class":87},[36,46812,2237],{"class":91},[36,46814,211],{"class":87},[36,46816,857],{"class":46},[14,46818,46819,46820,46822],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[33,46821,2927],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[21,46824,2205],{"id":2204},[26,46826,46828],{"className":28,"code":46827,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[33,46829,46830,46840],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,46831,46832,46834,46836,46838],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,46833,2237],{"class":80},[36,46835,145],{"class":50},[36,46837,2222],{"class":148},[36,46839,152],{"class":50},[36,46841,46842,46844,46846,46848,46850,46853],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,46843,2237],{"class":80},[36,46845,145],{"class":50},[36,46847,2222],{"class":148},[36,46849,58],{"class":50},[36,46851,46852],{"class":148}," base",[36,46854,152],{"class":50},[376,46856,46858],{"id":46857},"intx",[33,46859,46860],{},"int(x)",[14,46862,46863],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[246,46865,46866,46871,46876],{},[249,46867,46868,46869],{},"a string such as ",[33,46870,42163],{},[249,46872,46873,46874],{},"a float such as ",[33,46875,42021],{},[249,46877,46878,46879],{},"a boolean such as ",[33,46880,3649],{},[14,46882,2257],{},[26,46884,46886],{"className":28,"code":46885,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[33,46887,46888,46906,46921],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,46889,46890,46892,46894,46896,46898,46900,46902,46904],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,46891,142],{"class":141},[36,46893,145],{"class":50},[36,46895,2237],{"class":80},[36,46897,145],{"class":50},[36,46899,88],{"class":87},[36,46901,631],{"class":91},[36,46903,88],{"class":87},[36,46905,445],{"class":50},[36,46907,46908,46910,46912,46914,46916,46919],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,46909,142],{"class":141},[36,46911,145],{"class":50},[36,46913,2237],{"class":80},[36,46915,145],{"class":50},[36,46917,46918],{"class":54},"8.7",[36,46920,445],{"class":50},[36,46922,46923,46925,46927,46929,46931,46933],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,46924,142],{"class":141},[36,46926,145],{"class":50},[36,46928,2237],{"class":80},[36,46930,145],{"class":50},[36,46932,3649],{"class":1143},[36,46934,445],{"class":50},[14,46936,182],{},[26,46938,46940],{"className":28,"code":46939,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"10\n8\n1\n",[33,46941,46942,46946,46950],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,46943,46944],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,46945,2427],{"class":54},[36,46947,46948],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,46949,2432],{"class":54},[36,46951,46952],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,46953,46954],{"class":54},"1\n",[376,46956,46958],{"id":46957},"intx-base",[33,46959,46960],{},"int(x, base)",[14,46962,46963,46964,46966],{},"Use this form when ",[33,46965,2222],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[14,46968,46969],{},"Common bases:",[246,46971,46972,46977,46982],{},[249,46973,46974,46976],{},[33,46975,481],{}," for binary",[249,46978,46979,46981],{},[33,46980,2396],{}," for octal",[249,46983,46984,46987],{},[33,46985,46986],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[14,46989,2257],{},[26,46991,46993],{"className":28,"code":46992,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[33,46994,46995,47017,47040],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,46996,46997,46999,47001,47003,47005,47007,47009,47011,47013,47015],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,46998,142],{"class":141},[36,47000,145],{"class":50},[36,47002,2237],{"class":80},[36,47004,145],{"class":50},[36,47006,88],{"class":87},[36,47008,46630],{"class":91},[36,47010,88],{"class":87},[36,47012,58],{"class":50},[36,47014,61],{"class":54},[36,47016,445],{"class":50},[36,47018,47019,47021,47023,47025,47027,47029,47032,47034,47036,47038],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,47020,142],{"class":141},[36,47022,145],{"class":50},[36,47024,2237],{"class":80},[36,47026,145],{"class":50},[36,47028,88],{"class":87},[36,47030,47031],{"class":91},"17",[36,47033,88],{"class":87},[36,47035,58],{"class":50},[36,47037,6399],{"class":54},[36,47039,445],{"class":50},[36,47041,47042,47044,47046,47048,47050,47052,47055,47057,47059,47061],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,47043,142],{"class":141},[36,47045,145],{"class":50},[36,47047,2237],{"class":80},[36,47049,145],{"class":50},[36,47051,88],{"class":87},[36,47053,47054],{"class":91},"1A",[36,47056,88],{"class":87},[36,47058,58],{"class":50},[36,47060,14020],{"class":54},[36,47062,445],{"class":50},[14,47064,182],{},[26,47066,47068],{"className":28,"code":47067,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"5\n15\n26\n",[33,47069,47070,47074,47079],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,47071,47072],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,47073,2996],{"class":54},[36,47075,47076],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,47077,47078],{"class":54},"15\n",[36,47080,47081],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,47082,47083],{"class":54},"26\n",[14,47085,47086,47087,303],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[294,47088,47089,2354],{"href":2930},[33,47090,2933],{},[21,47092,1462,47094,47096],{"id":47093},"using-int-with-strings",[33,47095,2927],{}," with strings",[14,47098,47099,47101],{},[33,47100,2927],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[14,47103,47104],{},"Examples that work:",[26,47106,47108],{"className":28,"code":47107,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[33,47109,47110,47128,47146],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,47111,47112,47114,47116,47118,47120,47122,47124,47126],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,47113,142],{"class":141},[36,47115,145],{"class":50},[36,47117,2237],{"class":80},[36,47119,145],{"class":50},[36,47121,88],{"class":87},[36,47123,2183],{"class":91},[36,47125,88],{"class":87},[36,47127,445],{"class":50},[36,47129,47130,47132,47134,47136,47138,47140,47142,47144],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,47131,142],{"class":141},[36,47133,145],{"class":50},[36,47135,2237],{"class":80},[36,47137,145],{"class":50},[36,47139,88],{"class":87},[36,47141,2343],{"class":91},[36,47143,88],{"class":87},[36,47145,445],{"class":50},[36,47147,47148,47150,47152,47154,47156,47158,47161,47163],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,47149,142],{"class":141},[36,47151,145],{"class":50},[36,47153,2237],{"class":80},[36,47155,145],{"class":50},[36,47157,88],{"class":87},[36,47159,47160],{"class":91},"  42  ",[36,47162,88],{"class":87},[36,47164,445],{"class":50},[14,47166,182],{},[26,47168,47170],{"className":28,"code":47169,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"5\n-12\n42\n",[33,47171,47172,47176,47182],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,47173,47174],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,47175,2996],{"class":54},[36,47177,47178,47180],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,47179,2070],{"class":46},[36,47181,2275],{"class":54},[36,47183,47184],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,47185,46650],{"class":54},[14,47187,47188],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[14,47190,47191],{},"Examples that fail:",[26,47193,47195],{"className":28,"code":47194,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[33,47196,47197,47202],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,47198,47199],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,47200,47201],{"class":1617},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[36,47203,47204],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,47205,47206],{"class":1617},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[14,47208,47209,47210,47212],{},"These raise ",[33,47211,40740],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[376,47214,47216],{"id":47215},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[26,47218,47220],{"className":28,"code":47219,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[33,47221,47222,47240,47259],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,47223,47224,47226,47228,47230,47232,47234,47236,47238],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,47225,142],{"class":141},[36,47227,145],{"class":50},[36,47229,2237],{"class":80},[36,47231,145],{"class":50},[36,47233,88],{"class":87},[36,47235,2166],{"class":91},[36,47237,88],{"class":87},[36,47239,445],{"class":50},[36,47241,47242,47244,47246,47248,47250,47252,47255,47257],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,47243,142],{"class":141},[36,47245,145],{"class":50},[36,47247,2237],{"class":80},[36,47249,145],{"class":50},[36,47251,88],{"class":87},[36,47253,47254],{"class":91},"+7",[36,47256,88],{"class":87},[36,47258,445],{"class":50},[36,47260,47261,47263,47265,47267,47269,47271,47274,47276],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,47262,142],{"class":141},[36,47264,145],{"class":50},[36,47266,2237],{"class":80},[36,47268,145],{"class":50},[36,47270,88],{"class":87},[36,47272,47273],{"class":91},"-100",[36,47275,88],{"class":87},[36,47277,445],{"class":50},[14,47279,182],{},[26,47281,47283],{"className":28,"code":47282,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"0\n7\n-100\n",[33,47284,47285,47290,47294],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,47286,47287],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,47288,47289],{"class":54},"0\n",[36,47291,47292],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,47293,2126],{"class":54},[36,47295,47296,47298],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,47297,2070],{"class":46},[36,47299,47300],{"class":54},"100\n",[376,47302,47304],{"id":47303},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[26,47306,47308],{"className":28,"code":47307,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[33,47309,47310,47348,47352,47364,47371,47386,47401],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,47311,47312,47314,47316,47318,47320,47322,47324,47326,47328,47331,47333,47335,47337,47339,47341,47344,47346],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,47313,621],{"class":42},[36,47315,47],{"class":46},[36,47317,1333],{"class":50},[36,47319,88],{"class":87},[36,47321,40180],{"class":91},[36,47323,88],{"class":87},[36,47325,58],{"class":50},[36,47327,99],{"class":87},[36,47329,47330],{"class":91},"12abc",[36,47332,88],{"class":87},[36,47334,58],{"class":50},[36,47336,6166],{"class":87},[36,47338,58],{"class":50},[36,47340,99],{"class":87},[36,47342,47343],{"class":91},"seven",[36,47345,88],{"class":87},[36,47347,1355],{"class":50},[36,47349,47350],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,47351,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,47353,47354,47356,47358,47360,47362],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,47355,5997],{"class":3917},[36,47357,21616],{"class":42},[36,47359,3924],{"class":3917},[36,47361,3927],{"class":42},[36,47363,6433],{"class":50},[36,47365,47366,47369],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,47367,47368],{"class":3917},"    try",[36,47370,6433],{"class":50},[36,47372,47373,47376,47378,47380,47382,47384],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,47374,47375],{"class":141},"        print",[36,47377,145],{"class":50},[36,47379,2237],{"class":80},[36,47381,145],{"class":50},[36,47383,1495],{"class":148},[36,47385,445],{"class":50},[36,47387,47388,47391,47393,47396,47399],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,47389,47390],{"class":3917},"    except",[36,47392,41963],{"class":80},[36,47394,47395],{"class":3917}," as",[36,47397,47398],{"class":42}," error",[36,47400,6433],{"class":50},[36,47402,47403,47405,47407,47409,47411,47413,47415,47418,47420,47423,47425,47428,47430,47432],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,47404,47375],{"class":141},[36,47406,145],{"class":50},[36,47408,22326],{"class":847},[36,47410,88],{"class":91},[36,47412,192],{"class":54},[36,47414,1495],{"class":148},[36,47416,47417],{"class":847},"!r",[36,47419,22335],{"class":54},[36,47421,47422],{"class":91}," -> ",[36,47424,192],{"class":54},[36,47426,47427],{"class":148},"error",[36,47429,22335],{"class":54},[36,47431,88],{"class":91},[36,47433,152],{"class":50},[14,47435,182],{},[26,47437,47439],{"className":28,"code":47438,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[33,47440,47441,47477,47509,47534],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,47442,47443,47445,47447,47449,47452,47455,47457,47459,47461,47464,47467,47469,47471,47473,47475],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,47444,211],{"class":43366},[36,47446,40180],{"class":43370},[36,47448,211],{"class":43366},[36,47450,47451],{"class":37402}," ->",[36,47453,47454],{"class":42}," invalid literal ",[36,47456,5997],{"class":3917},[36,47458,45314],{"class":80},[36,47460,7405],{"class":50},[36,47462,47463],{"class":3917}," with",[36,47465,47466],{"class":42}," base ",[36,47468,631],{"class":54},[36,47470,1213],{"class":50},[36,47472,220],{"class":87},[36,47474,40180],{"class":91},[36,47476,1228],{"class":87},[36,47478,47479,47481,47483,47485,47487,47489,47491,47493,47495,47497,47499,47501,47503,47505,47507],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,47480,211],{"class":87},[36,47482,47330],{"class":91},[36,47484,211],{"class":87},[36,47486,47451],{"class":37402},[36,47488,47454],{"class":42},[36,47490,5997],{"class":3917},[36,47492,45314],{"class":80},[36,47494,7405],{"class":50},[36,47496,47463],{"class":3917},[36,47498,47466],{"class":42},[36,47500,631],{"class":54},[36,47502,1213],{"class":50},[36,47504,220],{"class":87},[36,47506,47330],{"class":91},[36,47508,1228],{"class":87},[36,47510,47511,47513,47515,47517,47519,47521,47523,47525,47527,47529,47531],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,47512,3817],{"class":87},[36,47514,47451],{"class":37402},[36,47516,47454],{"class":42},[36,47518,5997],{"class":3917},[36,47520,45314],{"class":80},[36,47522,7405],{"class":50},[36,47524,47463],{"class":3917},[36,47526,47466],{"class":42},[36,47528,631],{"class":54},[36,47530,1213],{"class":50},[36,47532,47533],{"class":87}," ''\n",[36,47535,47536,47538,47540,47542,47544,47546,47548,47550,47552,47554,47556,47558,47560,47562,47564],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,47537,211],{"class":87},[36,47539,47343],{"class":91},[36,47541,211],{"class":87},[36,47543,47451],{"class":37402},[36,47545,47454],{"class":42},[36,47547,5997],{"class":3917},[36,47549,45314],{"class":80},[36,47551,7405],{"class":50},[36,47553,47463],{"class":3917},[36,47555,47466],{"class":42},[36,47557,631],{"class":54},[36,47559,1213],{"class":50},[36,47561,220],{"class":87},[36,47563,47343],{"class":91},[36,47565,1228],{"class":87},[14,47567,47568,47569,47571,47572,303],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[294,47570,9015],{"href":9014}," and the ",[294,47573,47574,2354],{"href":8255},[33,47575,3007],{},[21,47577,1462,47579,47581],{"id":47578},"using-int-with-floats",[33,47580,2927],{}," with floats",[14,47583,47584,47585,47587],{},"When you pass a float to ",[33,47586,2927],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[14,47589,47590,47591,14086,47593,47595],{},"Important: ",[33,47592,2927],{},[180,47594,870],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[26,47597,47599],{"className":28,"code":47598,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[33,47600,47601,47615,47630,47646],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,47602,47603,47605,47607,47609,47611,47613],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,47604,142],{"class":141},[36,47606,145],{"class":50},[36,47608,2237],{"class":80},[36,47610,145],{"class":50},[36,47612,42021],{"class":54},[36,47614,445],{"class":50},[36,47616,47617,47619,47621,47623,47625,47628],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,47618,142],{"class":141},[36,47620,145],{"class":50},[36,47622,2237],{"class":80},[36,47624,145],{"class":50},[36,47626,47627],{"class":54},"3.1",[36,47629,445],{"class":50},[36,47631,47632,47634,47636,47638,47640,47642,47644],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,47633,142],{"class":141},[36,47635,145],{"class":50},[36,47637,2237],{"class":80},[36,47639,145],{"class":50},[36,47641,2070],{"class":46},[36,47643,42021],{"class":54},[36,47645,445],{"class":50},[36,47647,47648,47650,47652,47654,47656,47658,47660],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,47649,142],{"class":141},[36,47651,145],{"class":50},[36,47653,2237],{"class":80},[36,47655,145],{"class":50},[36,47657,2070],{"class":46},[36,47659,47627],{"class":54},[36,47661,445],{"class":50},[14,47663,182],{},[26,47665,47667],{"className":28,"code":47666,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[33,47668,47669,47673,47677,47683],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,47670,47671],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,47672,475],{"class":54},[36,47674,47675],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,47676,475],{"class":54},[36,47678,47679,47681],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,47680,2070],{"class":46},[36,47682,475],{"class":54},[36,47684,47685,47687],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,47686,2070],{"class":46},[36,47688,475],{"class":54},[14,47690,47691],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[246,47693,47694,47701],{},[249,47695,47696,42192,47699],{},[33,47697,47698],{},"int(3.9)",[33,47700,485],{},[249,47702,47703,42192,47706],{},[33,47704,47705],{},"int(-3.9)",[33,47707,47708],{},"-3",[14,47710,47711,47712,47716,47717,303],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[294,47713,47714],{"href":2930},[33,47715,2933],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[294,47718,47719],{"href":42212},[33,47720,47721],{},"str()",[21,47723,1462,47725,47727],{"id":47724},"using-int-with-booleans",[33,47726,2927],{}," with booleans",[14,47729,47730],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[26,47732,47734],{"className":28,"code":47733,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[33,47735,47736,47750],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,47737,47738,47740,47742,47744,47746,47748],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,47739,142],{"class":141},[36,47741,145],{"class":50},[36,47743,2237],{"class":80},[36,47745,145],{"class":50},[36,47747,3649],{"class":1143},[36,47749,445],{"class":50},[36,47751,47752,47754,47756,47758,47760,47762],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,47753,142],{"class":141},[36,47755,145],{"class":50},[36,47757,2237],{"class":80},[36,47759,145],{"class":50},[36,47761,3716],{"class":1143},[36,47763,445],{"class":50},[14,47765,182],{},[26,47767,47769],{"className":28,"code":47768,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"1\n0\n",[33,47770,47771,47775],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,47772,47773],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,47774,46954],{"class":54},[36,47776,47777],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,47778,47289],{"class":54},[14,47780,47781],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[26,47783,47785],{"className":28,"code":47784,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[33,47786,47787,47796,47811,47815],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,47788,47789,47792,47794],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,47790,47791],{"class":42},"passed ",[36,47793,47],{"class":46},[36,47795,6462],{"class":1143},[36,47797,47798,47800,47802,47804,47806,47809],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,47799,41219],{"class":42},[36,47801,47],{"class":46},[36,47803,45314],{"class":80},[36,47805,145],{"class":50},[36,47807,47808],{"class":148},"passed",[36,47810,152],{"class":50},[36,47812,47813],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,47814,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,47816,47817,47819,47821,47823],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,47818,142],{"class":141},[36,47820,145],{"class":50},[36,47822,41248],{"class":148},[36,47824,152],{"class":50},[14,47826,182],{},[26,47828,47829],{"className":28,"code":46954,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,47830,47831],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,47832,47833],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,47834,46954],{"class":54},[14,47836,47837,47838,303],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[294,47839,47840,2354],{"href":5819},[33,47841,3855],{},[21,47843,47845],{"id":47844},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[14,47847,47848,47849,47852],{},"Use the ",[33,47850,47851],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[376,47854,47856],{"id":47855},"binary-example","Binary example",[26,47858,47860],{"className":28,"code":47859,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[33,47861,47862],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,47863,47864,47866,47868,47870,47872,47874,47876,47878,47880,47882],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,47865,142],{"class":141},[36,47867,145],{"class":50},[36,47869,2237],{"class":80},[36,47871,145],{"class":50},[36,47873,88],{"class":87},[36,47875,46630],{"class":91},[36,47877,88],{"class":87},[36,47879,58],{"class":50},[36,47881,61],{"class":54},[36,47883,445],{"class":50},[14,47885,182],{},[26,47887,47888],{"className":28,"code":2996,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,47889,47890],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,47891,47892],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,47893,2996],{"class":54},[14,47895,47896,47899],{},[33,47897,47898],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[246,47901,47902,47907,47912],{},[249,47903,47904],{},[33,47905,47906],{},"1 × 4",[249,47908,47909],{},[33,47910,47911],{},"0 × 2",[249,47913,47914],{},[33,47915,47916],{},"1 × 1",[14,47918,47919,47920,303],{},"So the result is ",[33,47921,2183],{},[376,47923,47925],{"id":47924},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[26,47927,47929],{"className":28,"code":47928,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[33,47930,47931],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,47932,47933,47935,47937,47939,47941,47943,47945,47947,47949,47951],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,47934,142],{"class":141},[36,47936,145],{"class":50},[36,47938,2237],{"class":80},[36,47940,145],{"class":50},[36,47942,88],{"class":87},[36,47944,47054],{"class":91},[36,47946,88],{"class":87},[36,47948,58],{"class":50},[36,47950,14020],{"class":54},[36,47952,445],{"class":50},[14,47954,182],{},[26,47956,47957],{"className":28,"code":47083,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,47958,47959],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,47960,47961],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,47962,47083],{"class":54},[376,47964,47966],{"id":47965},"important-rule","Important rule",[14,47968,2026,47969,47971],{},[33,47970,47851],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[14,47973,47974],{},"Good:",[26,47976,47977],{"className":28,"code":47859,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,47978,47979],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,47980,47981,47983,47985,47987,47989,47991,47993,47995,47997,47999],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,47982,142],{"class":141},[36,47984,145],{"class":50},[36,47986,2237],{"class":80},[36,47988,145],{"class":50},[36,47990,88],{"class":87},[36,47992,46630],{"class":91},[36,47994,88],{"class":87},[36,47996,58],{"class":50},[36,47998,61],{"class":54},[36,48000,445],{"class":50},[14,48002,48003],{},"Not correct:",[26,48005,48007],{"className":28,"code":48006,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"# int(101, 2)\n",[33,48008,48009],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,48010,48011],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,48012,48006],{"class":1617},[14,48014,48015,48016,8638,48018,48020],{},"That causes a ",[33,48017,1210],{},[33,48019,47851],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[21,48022,48024],{"id":48023},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[14,48026,48027,48028,48030,48031,482,48033,303],{},"Two common errors with ",[33,48029,2927],{}," are ",[33,48032,40740],{},[33,48034,1210],{},[376,48036,48037],{"id":41550},[33,48038,40740],{},[14,48040,48041],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[14,48043,2257],{},[26,48045,48047],{"className":28,"code":48046,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[33,48048,48049,48055,48073,48085],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,48050,48051,48053],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,48052,29838],{"class":3917},[36,48054,6433],{"class":50},[36,48056,48057,48059,48061,48063,48065,48067,48069,48071],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,48058,8105],{"class":141},[36,48060,145],{"class":50},[36,48062,2237],{"class":80},[36,48064,145],{"class":50},[36,48066,88],{"class":87},[36,48068,40180],{"class":91},[36,48070,88],{"class":87},[36,48072,445],{"class":50},[36,48074,48075,48077,48079,48081,48083],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,48076,29869],{"class":3917},[36,48078,41963],{"class":80},[36,48080,47395],{"class":3917},[36,48082,47398],{"class":42},[36,48084,6433],{"class":50},[36,48086,48087,48089,48091,48093],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,48088,8105],{"class":141},[36,48090,145],{"class":50},[36,48092,47427],{"class":148},[36,48094,152],{"class":50},[14,48096,182],{},[26,48098,48100],{"className":28,"code":48099,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[33,48101,48102],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,48103,48104,48107,48109,48111,48113,48115,48117,48119,48121,48123,48125],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,48105,48106],{"class":42},"invalid literal ",[36,48108,5997],{"class":3917},[36,48110,45314],{"class":80},[36,48112,7405],{"class":50},[36,48114,47463],{"class":3917},[36,48116,47466],{"class":42},[36,48118,631],{"class":54},[36,48120,1213],{"class":50},[36,48122,220],{"class":87},[36,48124,40180],{"class":91},[36,48126,1228],{"class":87},[14,48128,48129,48130,48133,48134,48136],{},"A decimal string like ",[33,48131,48132],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[33,48135,2927],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[26,48138,48140],{"className":28,"code":48139,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[33,48141,48142],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,48143,48144,48146,48148,48150,48152,48154,48156,48158,48160,48162],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,48145,142],{"class":141},[36,48147,145],{"class":50},[36,48149,2237],{"class":80},[36,48151,145],{"class":50},[36,48153,2241],{"class":80},[36,48155,145],{"class":50},[36,48157,88],{"class":87},[36,48159,40180],{"class":91},[36,48161,88],{"class":87},[36,48163,2961],{"class":50},[14,48165,182],{},[26,48167,48168],{"className":28,"code":475,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,48169,48170],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,48171,48172],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,48173,475],{"class":54},[14,48175,48176,48177,482,48180,303],{},"If you see this often, read ",[294,48178,48179],{"href":3011},"how to convert string to int in Python",[294,48181,25713,48182],{"href":45954},[33,48183,45955],{},[376,48185,48186],{"id":41616},[33,48187,1210],{},[14,48189,48190],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[14,48192,2257],{},[26,48194,48196],{"className":28,"code":48195,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[33,48197,48198,48204,48218,48231],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,48199,48200,48202],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,48201,29838],{"class":3917},[36,48203,6433],{"class":50},[36,48205,48206,48208,48210,48212,48214,48216],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,48207,8105],{"class":141},[36,48209,145],{"class":50},[36,48211,2237],{"class":80},[36,48213,145],{"class":50},[36,48215,3822],{"class":1143},[36,48217,445],{"class":50},[36,48219,48220,48222,48225,48227,48229],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,48221,29869],{"class":3917},[36,48223,48224],{"class":80}," TypeError",[36,48226,47395],{"class":3917},[36,48228,47398],{"class":42},[36,48230,6433],{"class":50},[36,48232,48233,48235,48237,48239],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,48234,8105],{"class":141},[36,48236,145],{"class":50},[36,48238,47427],{"class":148},[36,48240,152],{"class":50},[14,48242,182],{},[26,48244,48246],{"className":28,"code":48245,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[33,48247,48248],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,48249,48250,48252,48254,48257,48259,48261,48264,48266,48269,48271,48274,48276,48278,48280,48282,48285],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,48251,2237],{"class":80},[36,48253,7405],{"class":50},[36,48255,48256],{"class":42}," argument must be a string",[36,48258,58],{"class":50},[36,48260,44582],{"class":42},[36,48262,48263],{"class":80},"bytes",[36,48265,2070],{"class":46},[36,48267,48268],{"class":42},"like ",[36,48270,42436],{"class":80},[36,48272,48273],{"class":46}," or",[36,48275,40876],{"class":42},[36,48277,58],{"class":50},[36,48279,8135],{"class":46},[36,48281,220],{"class":87},[36,48283,48284],{"class":91},"NoneType",[36,48286,1228],{"class":87},[14,48288,48289,48290,48292],{},"Another example is using the ",[33,48291,47851],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[26,48294,48296],{"className":28,"code":48295,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[33,48297,48298,48304,48322,48334],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,48299,48300,48302],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,48301,29838],{"class":3917},[36,48303,6433],{"class":50},[36,48305,48306,48308,48310,48312,48314,48316,48318,48320],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,48307,8105],{"class":141},[36,48309,145],{"class":50},[36,48311,2237],{"class":80},[36,48313,145],{"class":50},[36,48315,46630],{"class":54},[36,48317,58],{"class":50},[36,48319,61],{"class":54},[36,48321,445],{"class":50},[36,48323,48324,48326,48328,48330,48332],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,48325,29869],{"class":3917},[36,48327,48224],{"class":80},[36,48329,47395],{"class":3917},[36,48331,47398],{"class":42},[36,48333,6433],{"class":50},[36,48335,48336,48338,48340,48342],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,48337,8105],{"class":141},[36,48339,145],{"class":50},[36,48341,47427],{"class":148},[36,48343,152],{"class":50},[14,48345,182],{},[26,48347,48349],{"className":28,"code":48348,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[33,48350,48351],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,48352,48353,48355,48357,48360,48362],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,48354,2237],{"class":80},[36,48356,7405],{"class":50},[36,48358,48359],{"class":42}," can",[36,48361,211],{"class":87},[36,48363,48364],{"class":91},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[21,48366,5000,48368],{"id":48367},"when-to-use-int",[33,48369,2927],{},[14,48371,495,48372,48374],{},[33,48373,2927],{}," when you need a whole number.",[14,48376,48377],{},"Common uses:",[246,48379,48380,48386,48389,48392],{},[249,48381,48382,48383,48385],{},"Convert user input from ",[33,48384,3007],{}," into integers",[249,48387,48388],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[249,48390,48391],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[249,48393,48394,48395,36650],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[33,48396,47851],{},[14,48398,48399],{},"Example with user input:",[26,48401,48403],{"className":28,"code":48402,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[33,48404,48405,48419,48434,48438],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,48406,48407,48410,48412,48414,48417],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,48408,48409],{"class":42},"age_text ",[36,48411,47],{"class":46},[36,48413,99],{"class":87},[36,48415,48416],{"class":91},"18",[36,48418,3403],{"class":87},[36,48420,48421,48423,48425,48427,48429,48432],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,48422,21660],{"class":42},[36,48424,47],{"class":46},[36,48426,45314],{"class":80},[36,48428,145],{"class":50},[36,48430,48431],{"class":148},"age_text",[36,48433,152],{"class":50},[36,48435,48436],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,48437,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,48439,48440,48442,48444,48446,48448,48450],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,48441,142],{"class":141},[36,48443,145],{"class":50},[36,48445,21660],{"class":148},[36,48447,2107],{"class":46},[36,48449,1340],{"class":54},[36,48451,152],{"class":50},[14,48453,182],{},[26,48455,48457],{"className":28,"code":48456,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"19\n",[33,48458,48459],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,48460,48461],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,48462,48456],{"class":54},[21,48464,1455],{"id":1454},[14,48466,14766,48467,303],{},[33,48468,2927],{},[376,48470,48472],{"id":48471},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[14,48474,48475],{},"This fails:",[26,48477,48479],{"className":28,"code":48478,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[33,48480,48481],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,48482,48483],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,48484,48478],{"class":1617},[14,48486,48487,48488,48491],{},"Why: ",[33,48489,48490],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[14,48493,18872],{},[26,48495,48497],{"className":28,"code":48496,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[33,48498,48499],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,48500,48501,48503,48505,48507,48509,48511,48513,48515,48517,48519],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,48502,142],{"class":141},[36,48504,145],{"class":50},[36,48506,2237],{"class":80},[36,48508,145],{"class":50},[36,48510,2241],{"class":80},[36,48512,145],{"class":50},[36,48514,88],{"class":87},[36,48516,41160],{"class":91},[36,48518,88],{"class":87},[36,48520,2961],{"class":50},[376,48522,48524],{"id":48523},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[14,48526,48475],{},[26,48528,48530],{"className":28,"code":48529,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[33,48531,48532],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,48533,48534],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,48535,48529],{"class":1617},[14,48537,48538],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[376,48540,48542,48543],{"id":48541},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[33,48544,48545],{},"int(None)",[14,48547,48548,48549,48551],{},"This fails because ",[33,48550,3822],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[26,48553,48555],{"className":28,"code":48554,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[33,48556,48557,48566,48570,48576,48590,48602],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,48558,48559,48561,48563],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,48560,1478],{"class":42},[36,48562,47],{"class":46},[36,48564,48565],{"class":1143}," None\n",[36,48567,48568],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,48569,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,48571,48572,48574],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,48573,29838],{"class":3917},[36,48575,6433],{"class":50},[36,48577,48578,48580,48582,48584,48586,48588],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,48579,8105],{"class":141},[36,48581,145],{"class":50},[36,48583,2237],{"class":80},[36,48585,145],{"class":50},[36,48587,1495],{"class":148},[36,48589,445],{"class":50},[36,48591,48592,48594,48596,48598,48600],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,48593,29869],{"class":3917},[36,48595,48224],{"class":80},[36,48597,47395],{"class":3917},[36,48599,47398],{"class":42},[36,48601,6433],{"class":50},[36,48603,48604,48606,48608,48610],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,48605,8105],{"class":141},[36,48607,145],{"class":50},[36,48609,47427],{"class":148},[36,48611,152],{"class":50},[376,48613,48615],{"id":48614},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[14,48617,48475],{},[26,48619,48620],{"className":28,"code":48006,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,48621,48622],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,48623,48624],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,48625,48006],{"class":1617},[14,48627,48628],{},"Use a string instead:",[26,48630,48631],{"className":28,"code":47859,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,48632,48633],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,48634,48635,48637,48639,48641,48643,48645,48647,48649,48651,48653],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,48636,142],{"class":141},[36,48638,145],{"class":50},[36,48640,2237],{"class":80},[36,48642,145],{"class":50},[36,48644,88],{"class":87},[36,48646,46630],{"class":91},[36,48648,88],{"class":87},[36,48650,58],{"class":50},[36,48652,61],{"class":54},[36,48654,445],{"class":50},[376,48656,8489,48658,48660],{"id":48657},"expecting-int-to-round",[33,48659,2927],{}," to round",[14,48662,48663],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[26,48665,48667],{"className":28,"code":48666,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(int(4.9))\n",[33,48668,48669],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,48670,48671,48673,48675,48677,48679,48682],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,48672,142],{"class":141},[36,48674,145],{"class":50},[36,48676,2237],{"class":80},[36,48678,145],{"class":50},[36,48680,48681],{"class":54},"4.9",[36,48683,445],{"class":50},[14,48685,182],{},[26,48687,48689],{"className":28,"code":48688,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"4\n",[33,48690,48691],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,48692,48693],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,48694,48688],{"class":54},[14,48696,3217,48697,48699,48700,48702],{},[33,48698,2183],{},", remember that ",[33,48701,2927],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[21,48704,1872],{"id":1871},[376,48706,12735,48708,48710],{"id":48707},"does-int-round-numbers",[33,48709,2927],{}," round numbers?",[14,48712,46403,48713,48715],{},[33,48714,2927],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[376,48717,5198,48719,48722],{"id":48718},"why-does-int314-fail",[33,48720,48721],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[14,48724,29096,48725,48727,48728,48730,48731,39966],{},[33,48726,48132],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[33,48729,2933],{}," first, then use ",[33,48732,2927],{},[376,48734,5182,48736,12747],{"id":48735},"what-does-inttrue-return",[33,48737,48738],{},"int(True)",[14,48740,5188,48741,28348,48743,42192,48745,303],{},[33,48742,55],{},[33,48744,3716],{},[33,48746,2166],{},[376,48748,48750],{"id":48749},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[14,48752,48753],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[21,48755,1923],{"id":1922},[246,48757,48758,48764,48770,48776,48781,48785,48791],{},[249,48759,48760],{},[294,48761,48762,3554],{"href":2930},[33,48763,2933],{},[249,48765,48766],{},[294,48767,48768,3554],{"href":42212},[33,48769,47721],{},[249,48771,48772],{},[294,48773,48774,3554],{"href":5819},[33,48775,3855],{},[249,48777,48778],{},[294,48779,48780],{"href":3011},"How to convert string to int in Python",[249,48782,48783],{},[294,48784,9092],{"href":9014},[249,48786,48787],{},[294,48788,48789,3554],{"href":8255},[33,48790,3007],{},[249,48792,48793],{},[294,48794,30381,48795],{"href":45954},[33,48796,45955],{},[1962,48798,48799],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":48801},[48802,48803,48805,48809,48814,48816,48818,48823,48827,48829,48838,48847],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":46666,"depth":72,"text":48804},"What int() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205,"children":48806},[48807,48808],{"id":46857,"depth":118,"text":46860},{"id":46957,"depth":118,"text":46960},{"id":47093,"depth":72,"text":48810,"children":48811},"Using int() with strings",[48812,48813],{"id":47215,"depth":118,"text":47216},{"id":47303,"depth":118,"text":47304},{"id":47578,"depth":72,"text":48815},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47724,"depth":72,"text":48817},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47844,"depth":72,"text":47845,"children":48819},[48820,48821,48822],{"id":47855,"depth":118,"text":47856},{"id":47924,"depth":118,"text":47925},{"id":47965,"depth":118,"text":47966},{"id":48023,"depth":72,"text":48024,"children":48824},[48825,48826],{"id":41550,"depth":118,"text":40740},{"id":41616,"depth":118,"text":1210},{"id":48367,"depth":72,"text":48828},"When to use int()",{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455,"children":48830},[48831,48832,48833,48835,48836],{"id":48471,"depth":118,"text":48472},{"id":48523,"depth":118,"text":48524},{"id":48541,"depth":118,"text":48834},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48614,"depth":118,"text":48615},{"id":48657,"depth":118,"text":48837},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":48839},[48840,48842,48844,48846],{"id":48707,"depth":118,"text":48841},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48718,"depth":118,"text":48843},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48735,"depth":118,"text":48845},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48749,"depth":118,"text":48750},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42133,"description":48848},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48855,"title":48856,"body":48857,"description":50693,"extension":2009,"meta":50694,"navigation":134,"path":44840,"seo":50695,"stem":50696,"__hash__":50697},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48858,"toc":50649},[48859,48864,48869,48877,48886,48888,48947,48953,48958,48963,48966,48994,48997,49000,49011,49021,49023,49025,49045,49049,49077,49079,49118,49120,49128,49130,49133,49137,49190,49192,49204,49208,49265,49267,49279,49285,49291,49295,49298,49301,49367,49369,49381,49387,49389,49441,49444,49485,49488,49495,49504,49510,49513,49546,49552,49555,49586,49592,49595,49607,49611,49616,49620,49778,49780,49795,49798,49802,49906,49908,49925,49929,49990,49992,50000,50003,50007,50074,50076,50085,50091,50093,50102,50104,50139,50144,50146,50176,50180,50182,50219,50222,50224,50261,50267,50269,50319,50321,50329,50339,50345,50349,50354,50403,50405,50418,50421,50423,50426,50501,50504,50523,50526,50556,50566,50568,50573,50580,50586,50592,50599,50607,50613,50616,50618,50646],[10,48860,1935,48862,3624],{"id":48861},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[33,48863,44843],{},[14,48865,48866,48868],{},[33,48867,44843],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[14,48870,48871,48872,298,48874,48876],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[33,48873,3649],{},[33,48875,3716],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[14,48878,48879,48880,48882,48883,48885],{},"In many cases, ",[33,48881,44843],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[33,48884,2353],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[21,48887,24],{"id":23},[26,48889,48891],{"className":28,"code":48890,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[33,48892,48893,48901,48905,48926],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,48894,48895,48897,48899],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,48896,1478],{"class":42},[36,48898,47],{"class":46},[36,48900,2637],{"class":54},[36,48902,48903],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,48904,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,48906,48907,48909,48911,48914,48916,48918,48920,48922,48924],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,48908,142],{"class":141},[36,48910,145],{"class":50},[36,48912,48913],{"class":141},"isinstance",[36,48915,145],{"class":50},[36,48917,1495],{"class":148},[36,48919,58],{"class":50},[36,48921,45314],{"class":80},[36,48923,5402],{"class":50},[36,48925,43893],{"class":1617},[36,48927,48928,48930,48932,48934,48936,48938,48940,48943,48945],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,48929,142],{"class":141},[36,48931,145],{"class":50},[36,48933,48913],{"class":141},[36,48935,145],{"class":50},[36,48937,1495],{"class":148},[36,48939,58],{"class":50},[36,48941,48942],{"class":80}," str",[36,48944,5402],{"class":50},[36,48946,43910],{"class":1617},[14,48948,495,48949,48952],{},[33,48950,48951],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[21,48954,3720,48956,3723],{"id":48955},"what-isinstance-does",[33,48957,44843],{},[14,48959,48960,48962],{},[33,48961,44843],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[14,48964,48965],{},"It:",[246,48967,48968,48971,48977,48980],{},[249,48969,48970],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[249,48972,11454,48973,298,48975],{},[33,48974,3649],{},[33,48976,3716],{},[249,48978,48979],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[249,48981,48982,48983,2238,48985,2238,48987,2238,48989,17102,48992],{},"Is commonly used with ",[33,48984,3488],{},[33,48986,2237],{},[33,48988,1225],{},[33,48990,48991],{},"tuple",[33,48993,936],{},[14,48995,48996],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[14,48998,48999],{},"For example, you might want to:",[246,49001,49002,49005,49008],{},[249,49003,49004],{},"loop through a list",[249,49006,49007],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[249,49009,49010],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[14,49012,49013,49014,298,49017,303],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[294,49015,44835],{"href":49016},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[294,49018,49020],{"href":49019},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[21,49022,2205],{"id":2204},[14,49024,2208],{},[26,49026,49028],{"className":28,"code":49027,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[33,49029,49030],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,49031,49032,49034,49036,49038,49040,49043],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,49033,48913],{"class":141},[36,49035,145],{"class":50},[36,49037,42436],{"class":80},[36,49039,58],{"class":50},[36,49041,49042],{"class":148}," classinfo",[36,49044,152],{"class":50},[376,49046,49048],{"id":49047},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[246,49050,49051,49056,49070],{},[249,49052,49053,49055],{},[33,49054,42436],{}," is the value you want to test",[249,49057,49058,49061,49062,2238,49064,2238,49066,2242,49068],{},[33,49059,49060],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[33,49063,2237],{},[33,49065,3488],{},[33,49067,1225],{},[33,49069,936],{},[249,49071,49072,49073,298,49075],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[33,49074,3649],{},[33,49076,3716],{},[14,49078,2257],{},[26,49080,49082],{"className":28,"code":49081,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[33,49083,49084,49096,49100],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,49085,49086,49088,49090,49092,49094],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,49087,7912],{"class":42},[36,49089,47],{"class":46},[36,49091,99],{"class":87},[36,49093,11539],{"class":91},[36,49095,3403],{"class":87},[36,49097,49098],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,49099,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,49101,49102,49104,49106,49108,49110,49112,49114,49116],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,49103,142],{"class":141},[36,49105,145],{"class":50},[36,49107,48913],{"class":141},[36,49109,145],{"class":50},[36,49111,1250],{"class":148},[36,49113,58],{"class":50},[36,49115,48942],{"class":80},[36,49117,445],{"class":50},[14,49119,182],{},[26,49121,49122],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,49123,49124],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,49125,49126],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,49127,4020],{"class":1143},[21,49129,11505],{"id":11504},[14,49131,49132],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[376,49134,49136],{"id":49135},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[26,49138,49140],{"className":28,"code":49139,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[33,49141,49142,49150,49154,49172],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,49143,49144,49146,49148],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,49145,1478],{"class":42},[36,49147,47],{"class":46},[36,49149,45263],{"class":54},[36,49151,49152],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,49153,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,49155,49156,49158,49160,49162,49164,49166,49168,49170],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,49157,142],{"class":141},[36,49159,145],{"class":50},[36,49161,48913],{"class":141},[36,49163,145],{"class":50},[36,49165,1495],{"class":148},[36,49167,58],{"class":50},[36,49169,45314],{"class":80},[36,49171,445],{"class":50},[36,49173,49174,49176,49178,49180,49182,49184,49186,49188],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,49175,142],{"class":141},[36,49177,145],{"class":50},[36,49179,48913],{"class":141},[36,49181,145],{"class":50},[36,49183,1495],{"class":148},[36,49185,58],{"class":50},[36,49187,48942],{"class":80},[36,49189,445],{"class":50},[14,49191,182],{},[26,49193,49194],{"className":28,"code":44212,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,49195,49196,49200],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,49197,49198],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,49199,4020],{"class":1143},[36,49201,49202],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,49203,4081],{"class":1143},[376,49205,49207],{"id":49206},"check-text","Check text",[26,49209,49211],{"className":28,"code":49210,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[33,49212,49213,49225,49229,49247],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,49214,49215,49217,49219,49221,49223],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,49216,34722],{"class":42},[36,49218,47],{"class":46},[36,49220,99],{"class":87},[36,49222,708],{"class":91},[36,49224,3403],{"class":87},[36,49226,49227],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,49228,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,49230,49231,49233,49235,49237,49239,49241,49243,49245],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,49232,142],{"class":141},[36,49234,145],{"class":50},[36,49236,48913],{"class":141},[36,49238,145],{"class":50},[36,49240,34743],{"class":148},[36,49242,58],{"class":50},[36,49244,48942],{"class":80},[36,49246,445],{"class":50},[36,49248,49249,49251,49253,49255,49257,49259,49261,49263],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,49250,142],{"class":141},[36,49252,145],{"class":50},[36,49254,48913],{"class":141},[36,49256,145],{"class":50},[36,49258,34743],{"class":148},[36,49260,58],{"class":50},[36,49262,45314],{"class":80},[36,49264,445],{"class":50},[14,49266,182],{},[26,49268,49269],{"className":28,"code":44212,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,49270,49271,49275],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,49272,49273],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,49274,4020],{"class":1143},[36,49276,49277],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,49278,4081],{"class":1143},[14,49280,49281,49282,49284],{},"In both examples, ",[33,49283,44843],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[14,49286,49287,49288,303],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[294,49289,49290],{"href":3011},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[21,49292,49294],{"id":49293},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[14,49296,49297],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[14,49299,49300],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[26,49302,49304],{"className":28,"code":49303,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[33,49305,49306,49315,49319,49343],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,49307,49308,49310,49312],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,49309,1478],{"class":42},[36,49311,47],{"class":46},[36,49313,49314],{"class":54}," 3.5\n",[36,49316,49317],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,49318,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,49320,49321,49323,49325,49327,49329,49331,49333,49335,49337,49339,49341],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,49322,142],{"class":141},[36,49324,145],{"class":50},[36,49326,48913],{"class":141},[36,49328,145],{"class":50},[36,49330,1495],{"class":148},[36,49332,58],{"class":50},[36,49334,1131],{"class":50},[36,49336,2237],{"class":80},[36,49338,58],{"class":50},[36,49340,40292],{"class":80},[36,49342,2961],{"class":50},[36,49344,49345,49347,49349,49351,49353,49355,49357,49359,49361,49363,49365],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,49346,142],{"class":141},[36,49348,145],{"class":50},[36,49350,48913],{"class":141},[36,49352,145],{"class":50},[36,49354,1495],{"class":148},[36,49356,58],{"class":50},[36,49358,1131],{"class":50},[36,49360,3488],{"class":80},[36,49362,58],{"class":50},[36,49364,22592],{"class":80},[36,49366,2961],{"class":50},[14,49368,182],{},[26,49370,49371],{"className":28,"code":44212,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,49372,49373,49377],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,49374,49375],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,49376,4020],{"class":1143},[36,49378,49379],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,49380,4081],{"class":1143},[14,49382,49383,49384,49386],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[33,49385,40873],{}," conditions.",[14,49388,8334],{},[26,49390,49392],{"className":28,"code":49391,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[33,49393,49394,49402,49406],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,49395,49396,49398,49400],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,49397,1478],{"class":42},[36,49399,47],{"class":46},[36,49401,49314],{"class":54},[36,49403,49404],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,49405,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,49407,49408,49410,49412,49414,49416,49418,49420,49422,49424,49426,49429,49431,49433,49435,49437,49439],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,49409,142],{"class":141},[36,49411,145],{"class":50},[36,49413,818],{"class":80},[36,49415,145],{"class":50},[36,49417,1495],{"class":148},[36,49419,3703],{"class":50},[36,49421,6448],{"class":46},[36,49423,45314],{"class":80},[36,49425,48273],{"class":3917},[36,49427,49428],{"class":80}," type",[36,49430,145],{"class":50},[36,49432,1495],{"class":148},[36,49434,3703],{"class":50},[36,49436,6448],{"class":46},[36,49438,40292],{"class":80},[36,49440,152],{"class":50},[14,49442,49443],{},"you can write this:",[26,49445,49447],{"className":28,"code":49446,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[33,49448,49449,49457,49461],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,49450,49451,49453,49455],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,49452,1478],{"class":42},[36,49454,47],{"class":46},[36,49456,49314],{"class":54},[36,49458,49459],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,49460,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,49462,49463,49465,49467,49469,49471,49473,49475,49477,49479,49481,49483],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,49464,142],{"class":141},[36,49466,145],{"class":50},[36,49468,48913],{"class":141},[36,49470,145],{"class":50},[36,49472,1495],{"class":148},[36,49474,58],{"class":50},[36,49476,1131],{"class":50},[36,49478,2237],{"class":80},[36,49480,58],{"class":50},[36,49482,40292],{"class":80},[36,49484,2961],{"class":50},[14,49486,49487],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[21,49489,49491,10615,49493],{"id":49490},"isinstance-vs-type",[33,49492,44843],{},[33,49494,2353],{},[14,49496,10620,49497,482,49499,49503],{},[33,49498,44843],{},[294,49500,49501],{"href":2350},[33,49502,2353],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[376,49505,49507],{"id":49506},"typevalue-int",[33,49508,49509],{},"type(value) == int",[14,49511,49512],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[26,49514,49516],{"className":28,"code":49515,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[33,49517,49518,49526],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,49519,49520,49522,49524],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,49521,1478],{"class":42},[36,49523,47],{"class":46},[36,49525,2637],{"class":54},[36,49527,49528,49530,49532,49534,49536,49538,49540,49542,49544],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,49529,142],{"class":141},[36,49531,145],{"class":50},[36,49533,818],{"class":80},[36,49535,145],{"class":50},[36,49537,1495],{"class":148},[36,49539,3703],{"class":50},[36,49541,6448],{"class":46},[36,49543,45314],{"class":80},[36,49545,152],{"class":50},[376,49547,49549],{"id":49548},"isinstancevalue-int",[33,49550,49551],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[14,49553,49554],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[26,49556,49558],{"className":28,"code":49557,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[33,49559,49560,49568],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,49561,49562,49564,49566],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,49563,1478],{"class":42},[36,49565,47],{"class":46},[36,49567,2637],{"class":54},[36,49569,49570,49572,49574,49576,49578,49580,49582,49584],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,49571,142],{"class":141},[36,49573,145],{"class":50},[36,49575,48913],{"class":141},[36,49577,145],{"class":50},[36,49579,1495],{"class":148},[36,49581,58],{"class":50},[36,49583,45314],{"class":80},[36,49585,445],{"class":50},[14,49587,49588,49589,49591],{},"For beginners, ",[33,49590,44843],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[14,49593,49594],{},"In everyday code:",[246,49596,49597,49602],{},[249,49598,40027,49599,49601],{},[33,49600,2353],{}," when you need the exact type",[249,49603,40027,49604,49606],{},[33,49605,44843],{}," when you want a practical type check",[21,49608,49610],{"id":49609},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[14,49612,49613,49614,303],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[33,49615,44843],{},[376,49617,49619],{"id":49618},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[26,49621,49623],{"className":28,"code":49622,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[33,49624,49625,49643,49662,49674,49679,49697,49708,49712,49724,49728,49752],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,49626,49627,49629,49632,49634,49636,49638,49641],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,49628,34886],{"class":847},[36,49630,49631],{"class":34889}," repeat_text",[36,49633,145],{"class":50},[36,49635,34743],{"class":37698},[36,49637,58],{"class":50},[36,49639,49640],{"class":37698}," count",[36,49642,8378],{"class":50},[36,49644,49645,49647,49649,49652,49654,49656,49658,49660],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,49646,6438],{"class":3917},[36,49648,8135],{"class":46},[36,49650,49651],{"class":141}," isinstance",[36,49653,145],{"class":50},[36,49655,34743],{"class":148},[36,49657,58],{"class":50},[36,49659,48942],{"class":80},[36,49661,8378],{"class":50},[36,49663,49664,49667,49669,49672],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,49665,49666],{"class":3917},"        return",[36,49668,99],{"class":87},[36,49670,49671],{"class":91},"text must be a string",[36,49673,3403],{"class":87},[36,49675,49676],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,49677,49678],{"class":42},"    \n",[36,49680,49681,49683,49685,49687,49689,49691,49693,49695],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,49682,6438],{"class":3917},[36,49684,8135],{"class":46},[36,49686,49651],{"class":141},[36,49688,145],{"class":50},[36,49690,41296],{"class":148},[36,49692,58],{"class":50},[36,49694,45314],{"class":80},[36,49696,8378],{"class":50},[36,49698,49699,49701,49703,49706],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,49700,49666],{"class":3917},[36,49702,99],{"class":87},[36,49704,49705],{"class":91},"count must be an integer",[36,49707,3403],{"class":87},[36,49709,49710],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,49711,49678],{"class":42},[36,49713,49714,49716,49719,49721],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,49715,34897],{"class":3917},[36,49717,49718],{"class":42}," text ",[36,49720,39909],{"class":46},[36,49722,49723],{"class":42}," count\n",[36,49725,49726],{"class":38,"line":6471},[36,49727,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,49729,49730,49732,49734,49737,49739,49741,49744,49746,49748,49750],{"class":38,"line":6476},[36,49731,142],{"class":141},[36,49733,145],{"class":50},[36,49735,49736],{"class":148},"repeat_text",[36,49738,145],{"class":50},[36,49740,88],{"class":87},[36,49742,49743],{"class":91},"Hi ",[36,49745,88],{"class":87},[36,49747,58],{"class":50},[36,49749,66],{"class":54},[36,49751,445],{"class":50},[36,49753,49754,49756,49758,49760,49762,49764,49766,49768,49770,49772,49774,49776],{"class":38,"line":11625},[36,49755,142],{"class":141},[36,49757,145],{"class":50},[36,49759,49736],{"class":148},[36,49761,145],{"class":50},[36,49763,88],{"class":87},[36,49765,49743],{"class":91},[36,49767,88],{"class":87},[36,49769,58],{"class":50},[36,49771,99],{"class":87},[36,49773,485],{"class":91},[36,49775,88],{"class":87},[36,49777,445],{"class":50},[14,49779,182],{},[26,49781,49783],{"className":28,"code":49782,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[33,49784,49785,49790],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,49786,49787],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,49788,49789],{"class":42},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[36,49791,49792],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,49793,49794],{"class":42},"count must be an integer\n",[14,49796,49797],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[376,49799,49801],{"id":49800},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[26,49803,49805],{"className":28,"code":49804,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[33,49806,49807,49839,49843,49859,49874,49891],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,49808,49809,49811,49813,49815,49817,49819,49821,49823,49825,49827,49829,49831,49833,49835,49837],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,49810,1478],{"class":42},[36,49812,47],{"class":46},[36,49814,1333],{"class":50},[36,49816,88],{"class":87},[36,49818,294],{"class":91},[36,49820,88],{"class":87},[36,49822,58],{"class":50},[36,49824,99],{"class":87},[36,49826,1707],{"class":91},[36,49828,88],{"class":87},[36,49830,58],{"class":50},[36,49832,99],{"class":87},[36,49834,9770],{"class":91},[36,49836,88],{"class":87},[36,49838,1355],{"class":50},[36,49840,49841],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,49842,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,49844,49845,49847,49849,49851,49853,49855,49857],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,49846,7037],{"class":3917},[36,49848,49651],{"class":141},[36,49850,145],{"class":50},[36,49852,1495],{"class":148},[36,49854,58],{"class":50},[36,49856,48942],{"class":80},[36,49858,8378],{"class":50},[36,49860,49861,49863,49865,49867,49870,49872],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,49862,8105],{"class":141},[36,49864,145],{"class":50},[36,49866,88],{"class":87},[36,49868,49869],{"class":91},"This is text",[36,49871,88],{"class":87},[36,49873,152],{"class":50},[36,49875,49876,49879,49881,49883,49885,49887,49889],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,49877,49878],{"class":3917},"elif",[36,49880,49651],{"class":141},[36,49882,145],{"class":50},[36,49884,1495],{"class":148},[36,49886,58],{"class":50},[36,49888,22592],{"class":80},[36,49890,8378],{"class":50},[36,49892,49893,49895,49897,49899,49902,49904],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,49894,8105],{"class":141},[36,49896,145],{"class":50},[36,49898,88],{"class":87},[36,49900,49901],{"class":91},"This is a list",[36,49903,88],{"class":87},[36,49905,152],{"class":50},[14,49907,182],{},[26,49909,49911],{"className":28,"code":49910,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"This is a list\n",[33,49912,49913],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,49914,49915,49918,49920,49922],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,49916,49917],{"class":42},"This ",[36,49919,12224],{"class":46},[36,49921,44582],{"class":42},[36,49923,49924],{"class":80},"list\n",[376,49926,49928],{"id":49927},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[26,49930,49932],{"className":28,"code":49931,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[33,49933,49934,49946,49950,49966,49980],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,49935,49936,49938,49940,49942,49944],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,49937,1478],{"class":42},[36,49939,47],{"class":46},[36,49941,99],{"class":87},[36,49943,46564],{"class":91},[36,49945,3403],{"class":87},[36,49947,49948],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,49949,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,49951,49952,49954,49956,49958,49960,49962,49964],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,49953,7037],{"class":3917},[36,49955,49651],{"class":141},[36,49957,145],{"class":50},[36,49959,1495],{"class":148},[36,49961,58],{"class":50},[36,49963,48942],{"class":80},[36,49965,8378],{"class":50},[36,49967,49968,49970,49972,49974,49976,49978],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,49969,41927],{"class":42},[36,49971,47],{"class":46},[36,49973,45314],{"class":80},[36,49975,145],{"class":50},[36,49977,1495],{"class":148},[36,49979,152],{"class":50},[36,49981,49982,49984,49986,49988],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,49983,8105],{"class":141},[36,49985,145],{"class":50},[36,49987,2290],{"class":148},[36,49989,152],{"class":50},[14,49991,182],{},[26,49993,49994],{"className":28,"code":46650,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,49995,49996],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,49997,49998],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,49999,46650],{"class":54},[14,50001,50002],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[376,50004,50006],{"id":50005},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[26,50008,50010],{"className":28,"code":50009,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[33,50011,50012,50036,50040,50056],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,50013,50014,50016,50018,50020,50022,50024,50026,50028,50030,50032,50034],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,50015,1478],{"class":42},[36,50017,47],{"class":46},[36,50019,51],{"class":50},[36,50021,88],{"class":87},[36,50023,1250],{"class":91},[36,50025,88],{"class":87},[36,50027,1213],{"class":50},[36,50029,99],{"class":87},[36,50031,12912],{"class":91},[36,50033,88],{"class":87},[36,50035,69],{"class":50},[36,50037,50038],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,50039,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,50041,50042,50044,50046,50048,50050,50052,50054],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,50043,7037],{"class":3917},[36,50045,49651],{"class":141},[36,50047,145],{"class":50},[36,50049,1495],{"class":148},[36,50051,58],{"class":50},[36,50053,9205],{"class":80},[36,50055,8378],{"class":50},[36,50057,50058,50060,50062,50064,50066,50068,50070,50072],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,50059,8105],{"class":141},[36,50061,145],{"class":50},[36,50063,1495],{"class":148},[36,50065,3941],{"class":50},[36,50067,88],{"class":87},[36,50069,1250],{"class":91},[36,50071,88],{"class":87},[36,50073,115],{"class":50},[14,50075,182],{},[26,50077,50079],{"className":28,"code":50078,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Ana\n",[33,50080,50081],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,50082,50083],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,50084,50078],{"class":42},[14,50086,50087,50088,50090],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[33,50089,1210],{}," messages later.",[21,50092,4557],{"id":4556},[376,50094,50096,50097,11122,50100],{"id":50095},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[33,50098,50099],{},"\"int\"",[33,50101,2237],{},[14,50103,16673],{},[26,50105,50107],{"className":28,"code":50106,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[33,50108,50109,50117],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,50110,50111,50113,50115],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,50112,1478],{"class":42},[36,50114,47],{"class":46},[36,50116,2637],{"class":54},[36,50118,50119,50121,50123,50125,50127,50129,50131,50133,50135,50137],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,50120,142],{"class":141},[36,50122,145],{"class":50},[36,50124,48913],{"class":141},[36,50126,145],{"class":50},[36,50128,1495],{"class":148},[36,50130,58],{"class":50},[36,50132,99],{"class":87},[36,50134,2237],{"class":91},[36,50136,88],{"class":87},[36,50138,445],{"class":50},[14,50140,50141,50143],{},[33,50142,50099],{}," is a string, not a type.",[14,50145,16685],{},[26,50147,50148],{"className":28,"code":49557,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,50149,50150,50158],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,50151,50152,50154,50156],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,50153,1478],{"class":42},[36,50155,47],{"class":46},[36,50157,2637],{"class":54},[36,50159,50160,50162,50164,50166,50168,50170,50172,50174],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,50161,142],{"class":141},[36,50163,145],{"class":50},[36,50165,48913],{"class":141},[36,50167,145],{"class":50},[36,50169,1495],{"class":148},[36,50171,58],{"class":50},[36,50173,45314],{"class":80},[36,50175,445],{"class":50},[376,50177,50179],{"id":50178},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[14,50181,16673],{},[26,50183,50185],{"className":28,"code":50184,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[33,50186,50187,50195],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,50188,50189,50191,50193],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,50190,1478],{"class":42},[36,50192,47],{"class":46},[36,50194,34877],{"class":54},[36,50196,50197,50199,50201,50203,50205,50207,50209,50211,50213,50215,50217],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,50198,142],{"class":141},[36,50200,145],{"class":50},[36,50202,48913],{"class":141},[36,50204,145],{"class":50},[36,50206,1495],{"class":148},[36,50208,58],{"class":50},[36,50210,1333],{"class":50},[36,50212,2237],{"class":80},[36,50214,58],{"class":50},[36,50216,40292],{"class":80},[36,50218,3047],{"class":50},[14,50220,50221],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[14,50223,16685],{},[26,50225,50227],{"className":28,"code":50226,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[33,50228,50229,50237],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,50230,50231,50233,50235],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,50232,1478],{"class":42},[36,50234,47],{"class":46},[36,50236,34877],{"class":54},[36,50238,50239,50241,50243,50245,50247,50249,50251,50253,50255,50257,50259],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,50240,142],{"class":141},[36,50242,145],{"class":50},[36,50244,48913],{"class":141},[36,50246,145],{"class":50},[36,50248,1495],{"class":148},[36,50250,58],{"class":50},[36,50252,1131],{"class":50},[36,50254,2237],{"class":80},[36,50256,58],{"class":50},[36,50258,40292],{"class":80},[36,50260,2961],{"class":50},[376,50262,25808,50264,50266],{"id":50263},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[33,50265,44843],{}," converts a value",[14,50268,18945],{},[26,50270,50272],{"className":28,"code":50271,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,50273,50274,50287,50305,50309],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,50275,50276,50278,50280,50282,50285],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,50277,1478],{"class":42},[36,50279,47],{"class":46},[36,50281,99],{"class":87},[36,50283,50284],{"class":91},"123",[36,50286,3403],{"class":87},[36,50288,50289,50291,50293,50295,50297,50299,50301,50303],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,50290,2280],{"class":42},[36,50292,47],{"class":46},[36,50294,49651],{"class":141},[36,50296,145],{"class":50},[36,50298,1495],{"class":148},[36,50300,58],{"class":50},[36,50302,45314],{"class":80},[36,50304,152],{"class":50},[36,50306,50307],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,50308,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,50310,50311,50313,50315,50317],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,50312,142],{"class":141},[36,50314,145],{"class":50},[36,50316,2315],{"class":148},[36,50318,152],{"class":50},[14,50320,182],{},[26,50322,50323],{"className":28,"code":4081,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,50324,50325],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,50326,50327],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,50328,4081],{"class":1143},[14,50330,50331,50332,50335,50336,50338],{},"This does not convert ",[33,50333,50334],{},"\"123\""," into ",[33,50337,50284],{},". It only checks the type.",[14,50340,50341,50342,1524],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[33,50343,50344],{},"int(value)",[376,50346,50348],{"id":50347},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[14,50350,50351,50353],{},[33,50352,44843],{}," does not modify anything.",[26,50355,50357],{"className":28,"code":50356,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[33,50358,50359,50371,50375,50393],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,50360,50361,50363,50365,50367,50369],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,50362,1478],{"class":42},[36,50364,47],{"class":46},[36,50366,99],{"class":87},[36,50368,13591],{"class":91},[36,50370,3403],{"class":87},[36,50372,50373],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,50374,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,50376,50377,50379,50381,50383,50385,50387,50389,50391],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,50378,142],{"class":141},[36,50380,145],{"class":50},[36,50382,48913],{"class":141},[36,50384,145],{"class":50},[36,50386,1495],{"class":148},[36,50388,58],{"class":50},[36,50390,48942],{"class":80},[36,50392,445],{"class":50},[36,50394,50395,50397,50399,50401],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,50396,142],{"class":141},[36,50398,145],{"class":50},[36,50400,1495],{"class":148},[36,50402,152],{"class":50},[14,50404,182],{},[26,50406,50408],{"className":28,"code":50407,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"True\n100\n",[33,50409,50410,50414],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,50411,50412],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,50413,4020],{"class":1143},[36,50415,50416],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,50417,47300],{"class":54},[14,50419,50420],{},"The value stays the same.",[21,50422,25976],{"id":25975},[14,50424,50425],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[26,50427,50429],{"className":28,"code":50428,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[33,50430,50431,50445,50463,50487],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,50432,50433,50435,50437,50439,50441,50443],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,50434,142],{"class":141},[36,50436,145],{"class":50},[36,50438,818],{"class":80},[36,50440,145],{"class":50},[36,50442,1495],{"class":148},[36,50444,445],{"class":50},[36,50446,50447,50449,50451,50453,50455,50457,50459,50461],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,50448,142],{"class":141},[36,50450,145],{"class":50},[36,50452,48913],{"class":141},[36,50454,145],{"class":50},[36,50456,1495],{"class":148},[36,50458,58],{"class":50},[36,50460,45314],{"class":80},[36,50462,445],{"class":50},[36,50464,50465,50467,50469,50471,50473,50475,50477,50479,50481,50483,50485],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,50466,142],{"class":141},[36,50468,145],{"class":50},[36,50470,48913],{"class":141},[36,50472,145],{"class":50},[36,50474,1495],{"class":148},[36,50476,58],{"class":50},[36,50478,1131],{"class":50},[36,50480,2237],{"class":80},[36,50482,58],{"class":50},[36,50484,40292],{"class":80},[36,50486,2961],{"class":50},[36,50488,50489,50491,50493,50495,50497,50499],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,50490,142],{"class":141},[36,50492,145],{"class":50},[36,50494,41816],{"class":141},[36,50496,145],{"class":50},[36,50498,1495],{"class":148},[36,50500,445],{"class":50},[14,50502,50503],{},"These can help when:",[246,50505,50506,50509,50514,50517],{},[249,50507,50508],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[249,50510,50511,50512],{},"you are getting a ",[33,50513,1210],{},[249,50515,50516],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[249,50518,50519,50520,50522],{},"the second argument to ",[33,50521,44843],{}," is invalid",[14,50524,50525],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[246,50527,50528,50542,50548,50553],{},[249,50529,50530,50531,298,50534,50537,50538,298,50540],{},"using ",[33,50532,50533],{},"'int'",[33,50535,50536],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[33,50539,2237],{},[33,50541,3488],{},[249,50543,50544,50545,50547],{},"expecting ",[33,50546,44843],{}," to convert a value",[249,50549,50530,50550,50552],{},[33,50551,2353],{}," when inherited types should also match",[249,50554,50555],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[14,50557,50558,50559,303],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[294,50560,50562,50563],{"href":50561},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[33,50564,50565],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[21,50567,1872],{"id":1871},[376,50569,5182,50571,5185],{"id":50570},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[33,50572,44843],{},[14,50574,5188,50575,50577,50578,303],{},[33,50576,3649],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[33,50579,3716],{},[376,50581,5210,50583,50585],{"id":50582},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[33,50584,44843],{}," check more than one type?",[14,50587,50588,50589,303],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[33,50590,50591],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[376,50593,5220,50595,482,50597,2541],{"id":50594},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[33,50596,44843],{},[33,50598,2353],{},[14,50600,50601,50603,50604,50606],{},[33,50602,2353],{}," gives the exact type. ",[33,50605,44843],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[376,50608,12735,50610,50612],{"id":50609},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[33,50611,44843],{}," convert a value?",[14,50614,50615],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[21,50617,1923],{"id":1922},[246,50619,50620,50626,50630,50635,50640],{},[249,50621,50622],{},[294,50623,1935,50624,3554],{"href":2350},[33,50625,2353],{},[249,50627,50628],{},[294,50629,44835],{"href":49016},[249,50631,50632],{},[294,50633,50634],{"href":3011},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[249,50636,50637],{},[294,50638,50639],{"href":49019},"What is a data type in Python?",[249,50641,50642],{},[294,50643,50562,50644],{"href":50561},[33,50645,50565],{},[1962,50647,50648],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":50650},[50651,50652,50654,50657,50661,50662,50667,50673,50681,50682,50692],{"id":23,"depth":72,"text":24},{"id":48955,"depth":72,"text":50653},"What isinstance() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205,"children":50655},[50656],{"id":49047,"depth":118,"text":49048},{"id":11504,"depth":72,"text":11505,"children":50658},[50659,50660],{"id":49135,"depth":118,"text":49136},{"id":49206,"depth":118,"text":49207},{"id":49293,"depth":72,"text":49294},{"id":49490,"depth":72,"text":50663,"children":50664},"isinstance() vs type()",[50665,50666],{"id":49506,"depth":118,"text":49509},{"id":49548,"depth":118,"text":49551},{"id":49609,"depth":72,"text":49610,"children":50668},[50669,50670,50671,50672],{"id":49618,"depth":118,"text":49619},{"id":49800,"depth":118,"text":49801},{"id":49927,"depth":118,"text":49928},{"id":50005,"depth":118,"text":50006},{"id":4556,"depth":72,"text":4557,"children":50674},[50675,50677,50678,50680],{"id":50095,"depth":118,"text":50676},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50178,"depth":118,"text":50179},{"id":50263,"depth":118,"text":50679},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50347,"depth":118,"text":50348},{"id":25975,"depth":72,"text":25976},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":50683},[50684,50686,50688,50690],{"id":50570,"depth":118,"text":50685},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50582,"depth":118,"text":50687},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50594,"depth":118,"text":50689},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50609,"depth":118,"text":50691},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48856,"description":50693},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50699,"title":50700,"body":50701,"description":52673,"extension":2009,"meta":52674,"navigation":134,"path":52675,"seo":52676,"stem":52677,"__hash__":52678},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50702,"toc":52648},[50703,50706,50711,50716,50730,50733,50735,50810,50815,50819,50824,50827,50841,50843,51009,51022,51024,51026,51041,51044,51047,51060,51062,51160,51164,51170,51173,51182,51184,51219,51224,51245,51250,51255,51287,51290,51347,51351,51357,51360,51413,51415,51455,51458,51526,51529,51580,51587,51591,51597,51682,51688,51694,51743,51746,51749,51799,51801,51806,51810,51860,51864,51911,51915,51992,51996,52061,52064,52068,52073,52078,52090,52092,52111,52117,52119,52138,52143,52170,52177,52181,52187,52190,52285,52288,52291,52340,52345,52347,52351,52386,52389,52446,52456,52459,52493,52496,52498,52502,52505,52509,52512,52516,52519,52523,52536,52540,52545,52547,52597,52609,52611,52645],[10,50704,50700],{"id":50705},"python-len-function-explained",[14,50707,9157,50708,50710],{},[33,50709,42398],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[14,50712,35441,50713,50715],{},[33,50714,42398],{}," to count:",[246,50717,50718,50721,50724,50727],{},[249,50719,50720],{},"characters in a string",[249,50722,50723],{},"items in a list or tuple",[249,50725,50726],{},"keys in a dictionary",[249,50728,50729],{},"unique items in a set",[14,50731,50732],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[21,50734,2051],{"id":2050},[26,50736,50738],{"className":28,"code":50737,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[33,50739,50740,50752,50772,50776,50793],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,50741,50742,50744,50746,50748,50750],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,50743,34722],{"class":42},[36,50745,47],{"class":46},[36,50747,99],{"class":87},[36,50749,708],{"class":91},[36,50751,3403],{"class":87},[36,50753,50754,50756,50758,50760,50762,50764,50766,50768,50770],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,50755,1328],{"class":42},[36,50757,47],{"class":46},[36,50759,1333],{"class":50},[36,50761,631],{"class":54},[36,50763,58],{"class":50},[36,50765,636],{"class":54},[36,50767,58],{"class":50},[36,50769,645],{"class":54},[36,50771,1355],{"class":50},[36,50773,50774],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,50775,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,50777,50778,50780,50782,50784,50786,50788,50790],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,50779,142],{"class":141},[36,50781,145],{"class":50},[36,50783,438],{"class":141},[36,50785,145],{"class":50},[36,50787,34743],{"class":148},[36,50789,5402],{"class":50},[36,50791,50792],{"class":1617},"   # 5\n",[36,50794,50795,50797,50799,50801,50803,50805,50807],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,50796,142],{"class":141},[36,50798,145],{"class":50},[36,50800,438],{"class":141},[36,50802,145],{"class":50},[36,50804,1369],{"class":148},[36,50806,5402],{"class":50},[36,50808,50809],{"class":1617},"  # 3\n",[14,50811,495,50812,50814],{},[33,50813,42398],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[21,50816,50818],{"id":50817},"what-len-does","What len() does",[14,50820,50821,50823],{},[33,50822,42398],{}," returns the size of an object.",[14,50825,50826],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[246,50828,50829,50832,50835,50838],{},[249,50830,50831],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[249,50833,50834],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[249,50836,50837],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[249,50839,50840],{},"It always returns an integer",[14,50842,2257],{},[26,50844,50846],{"className":28,"code":50845,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[33,50847,50848,50860,50885,50917,50937,50941,50958,50975,50992],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,50849,50850,50852,50854,50856,50858],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,50851,7912],{"class":42},[36,50853,47],{"class":46},[36,50855,99],{"class":87},[36,50857,1259],{"class":91},[36,50859,3403],{"class":87},[36,50861,50862,50864,50866,50868,50870,50872,50874,50876,50878,50880,50883],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,50863,43],{"class":42},[36,50865,47],{"class":46},[36,50867,1333],{"class":50},[36,50869,631],{"class":54},[36,50871,58],{"class":50},[36,50873,636],{"class":54},[36,50875,58],{"class":50},[36,50877,645],{"class":54},[36,50879,58],{"class":50},[36,50881,50882],{"class":54}," 40",[36,50884,1355],{"class":50},[36,50886,50887,50889,50891,50893,50895,50897,50899,50901,50903,50905,50907,50909,50911,50913,50915],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,50888,9200],{"class":42},[36,50890,47],{"class":46},[36,50892,51],{"class":50},[36,50894,88],{"class":87},[36,50896,294],{"class":91},[36,50898,88],{"class":87},[36,50900,1213],{"class":50},[36,50902,1340],{"class":54},[36,50904,58],{"class":50},[36,50906,99],{"class":87},[36,50908,1707],{"class":91},[36,50910,88],{"class":87},[36,50912,1213],{"class":50},[36,50914,61],{"class":54},[36,50916,69],{"class":50},[36,50918,50919,50921,50923,50925,50927,50929,50931,50933,50935],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,50920,621],{"class":42},[36,50922,47],{"class":46},[36,50924,51],{"class":50},[36,50926,2183],{"class":54},[36,50928,58],{"class":50},[36,50930,37679],{"class":54},[36,50932,58],{"class":50},[36,50934,6033],{"class":54},[36,50936,69],{"class":50},[36,50938,50939],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,50940,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,50942,50943,50945,50947,50949,50951,50953,50955],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,50944,142],{"class":141},[36,50946,145],{"class":50},[36,50948,438],{"class":141},[36,50950,145],{"class":50},[36,50952,1250],{"class":148},[36,50954,5402],{"class":50},[36,50956,50957],{"class":1617},"     # 3\n",[36,50959,50960,50962,50964,50966,50968,50970,50972],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,50961,142],{"class":141},[36,50963,145],{"class":50},[36,50965,438],{"class":141},[36,50967,145],{"class":50},[36,50969,149],{"class":148},[36,50971,5402],{"class":50},[36,50973,50974],{"class":1617},"  # 4\n",[36,50976,50977,50979,50981,50983,50985,50987,50989],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,50978,142],{"class":141},[36,50980,145],{"class":50},[36,50982,438],{"class":141},[36,50984,145],{"class":50},[36,50986,9239],{"class":148},[36,50988,5402],{"class":50},[36,50990,50991],{"class":1617},"     # 2\n",[36,50993,50994,50996,50998,51000,51002,51004,51006],{"class":38,"line":6471},[36,50995,142],{"class":141},[36,50997,145],{"class":50},[36,50999,438],{"class":141},[36,51001,145],{"class":50},[36,51003,656],{"class":148},[36,51005,5402],{"class":50},[36,51007,51008],{"class":1617},"   # 3\n",[14,51010,51011,51012,2238,51016,17102,51020,303],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[294,51013,51015],{"href":51014},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[294,51017,51019],{"href":51018},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[294,51021,9190],{"href":9189},[21,51023,2205],{"id":2204},[14,51025,2208],{},[26,51027,51029],{"className":28,"code":51028,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"len(object)\n",[33,51030,51031],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,51032,51033,51035,51037,51039],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,51034,438],{"class":141},[36,51036,145],{"class":50},[36,51038,42436],{"class":80},[36,51040,152],{"class":50},[14,51042,51043],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[14,51045,51046],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[246,51048,51049,51051,51053,51055,51057],{},[249,51050,37943],{},[249,51052,37937],{},[249,51054,37940],{},[249,51056,37946],{},[249,51058,51059],{},"a dictionary",[14,51061,2257],{},[26,51063,51065],{"className":28,"code":51064,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[33,51066,51067,51088,51112,51134],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,51068,51069,51071,51073,51075,51077,51079,51081,51083,51085],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,51070,142],{"class":141},[36,51072,145],{"class":50},[36,51074,438],{"class":141},[36,51076,145],{"class":50},[36,51078,88],{"class":87},[36,51080,30],{"class":91},[36,51082,88],{"class":87},[36,51084,5402],{"class":50},[36,51086,51087],{"class":1617},"      # 6\n",[36,51089,51090,51092,51094,51096,51098,51100,51102,51104,51106,51108,51110],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,51091,142],{"class":141},[36,51093,145],{"class":50},[36,51095,438],{"class":141},[36,51097,84],{"class":50},[36,51099,55],{"class":54},[36,51101,58],{"class":50},[36,51103,61],{"class":54},[36,51105,58],{"class":50},[36,51107,66],{"class":54},[36,51109,4774],{"class":50},[36,51111,50957],{"class":1617},[36,51113,51114,51116,51118,51120,51122,51124,51126,51128,51131],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,51115,142],{"class":141},[36,51117,145],{"class":50},[36,51119,438],{"class":141},[36,51121,628],{"class":50},[36,51123,631],{"class":54},[36,51125,58],{"class":50},[36,51127,636],{"class":54},[36,51129,51130],{"class":50},")))",[36,51132,51133],{"class":1617},"      # 2\n",[36,51135,51136,51138,51140,51142,51144,51146,51148,51150,51152,51154,51157],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,51137,142],{"class":141},[36,51139,145],{"class":50},[36,51141,438],{"class":141},[36,51143,5568],{"class":50},[36,51145,88],{"class":87},[36,51147,2222],{"class":91},[36,51149,88],{"class":87},[36,51151,1213],{"class":50},[36,51153,1340],{"class":54},[36,51155,51156],{"class":50},"}))",[36,51158,51159],{"class":1617},"      # 1\n",[21,51161,51163],{"id":51162},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[14,51165,51166,51167,51169],{},"When you use ",[33,51168,42398],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[14,51171,51172],{},"That includes:",[246,51174,51175,51177,51179],{},[249,51176,721],{},[249,51178,10482],{},[249,51180,51181],{},"punctuation",[14,51183,2257],{},[26,51185,51187],{"className":28,"code":51186,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[33,51188,51189,51202],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,51190,51191,51193,51195,51197,51200],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,51192,34722],{"class":42},[36,51194,47],{"class":46},[36,51196,99],{"class":87},[36,51198,51199],{"class":91},"Hi there!",[36,51201,3403],{"class":87},[36,51203,51204,51206,51208,51210,51212,51214,51216],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,51205,142],{"class":141},[36,51207,145],{"class":50},[36,51209,438],{"class":141},[36,51211,145],{"class":50},[36,51213,34743],{"class":148},[36,51215,5402],{"class":50},[36,51217,51218],{"class":1617},"  # 9\n",[14,51220,51221,51222,2541],{},"Why is the result ",[33,51223,2191],{},[246,51225,51226,51232,51236,51239],{},[249,51227,51228,51231],{},[33,51229,51230],{},"H"," = 1",[249,51233,51234,51231],{},[33,51235,36189],{},[249,51237,51238],{},"space = 1",[249,51240,51241,51244],{},[33,51242,51243],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[14,51246,51247,51248],{},"Total: ",[33,51249,2191],{},[14,51251,51252,51253,1213],{},"An empty string has length ",[33,51254,2166],{},[26,51256,51258],{"className":28,"code":51257,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[33,51259,51260,51269],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,51261,51262,51265,51267],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,51263,51264],{"class":42},"empty_text ",[36,51266,47],{"class":46},[36,51268,7917],{"class":87},[36,51270,51271,51273,51275,51277,51279,51282,51284],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,51272,142],{"class":141},[36,51274,145],{"class":50},[36,51276,438],{"class":141},[36,51278,145],{"class":50},[36,51280,51281],{"class":148},"empty_text",[36,51283,5402],{"class":50},[36,51285,51286],{"class":1617},"  # 0\n",[14,51288,51289],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[26,51291,51293],{"className":28,"code":51292,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[33,51294,51295,51308,51312,51332],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,51296,51297,51300,51302,51304,51306],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,51298,51299],{"class":42},"user_name ",[36,51301,47],{"class":46},[36,51303,99],{"class":87},[36,51305,5043],{"class":91},[36,51307,3403],{"class":87},[36,51309,51310],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,51311,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,51313,51314,51316,51318,51320,51323,51325,51328,51330],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,51315,7037],{"class":3917},[36,51317,38422],{"class":141},[36,51319,145],{"class":50},[36,51321,51322],{"class":148},"user_name",[36,51324,3703],{"class":50},[36,51326,51327],{"class":46}," >=",[36,51329,66],{"class":54},[36,51331,6433],{"class":50},[36,51333,51334,51336,51338,51340,51343,51345],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,51335,8105],{"class":141},[36,51337,145],{"class":50},[36,51339,88],{"class":87},[36,51341,51342],{"class":91},"Name is long enough",[36,51344,88],{"class":87},[36,51346,152],{"class":50},[21,51348,51350],{"id":51349},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[14,51352,51353,51354,51356],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[33,51355,42398],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[14,51358,51359],{},"Example with a list:",[26,51361,51363],{"className":28,"code":51362,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[33,51364,51365,51397],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,51366,51367,51369,51371,51373,51375,51377,51379,51381,51383,51385,51387,51389,51391,51393,51395],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,51368,13108],{"class":42},[36,51370,47],{"class":46},[36,51372,1333],{"class":50},[36,51374,88],{"class":87},[36,51376,13125],{"class":91},[36,51378,88],{"class":87},[36,51380,58],{"class":50},[36,51382,99],{"class":87},[36,51384,17486],{"class":91},[36,51386,88],{"class":87},[36,51388,58],{"class":50},[36,51390,99],{"class":87},[36,51392,13142],{"class":91},[36,51394,88],{"class":87},[36,51396,1355],{"class":50},[36,51398,51399,51401,51403,51405,51407,51409,51411],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,51400,142],{"class":141},[36,51402,145],{"class":50},[36,51404,438],{"class":141},[36,51406,145],{"class":50},[36,51408,17533],{"class":148},[36,51410,5402],{"class":50},[36,51412,50809],{"class":1617},[14,51414,37952],{},[26,51416,51418],{"className":28,"code":51417,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[33,51419,51420,51437],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,51421,51422,51425,51427,51429,51431,51433,51435],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,51423,51424],{"class":42},"point ",[36,51426,47],{"class":46},[36,51428,1131],{"class":50},[36,51430,631],{"class":54},[36,51432,58],{"class":50},[36,51434,636],{"class":54},[36,51436,152],{"class":50},[36,51438,51439,51441,51443,51445,51447,51450,51452],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,51440,142],{"class":141},[36,51442,145],{"class":50},[36,51444,438],{"class":141},[36,51446,145],{"class":50},[36,51448,51449],{"class":148},"point",[36,51451,5402],{"class":50},[36,51453,51454],{"class":1617},"  # 2\n",[14,51456,51457],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[26,51459,51461],{"className":28,"code":51460,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[33,51462,51463,51487,51491,51509],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,51464,51465,51467,51469,51471,51473,51475,51477,51479,51481,51483,51485],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,51466,1328],{"class":42},[36,51468,47],{"class":46},[36,51470,1333],{"class":50},[36,51472,88],{"class":87},[36,51474,92],{"class":91},[36,51476,88],{"class":87},[36,51478,58],{"class":50},[36,51480,99],{"class":87},[36,51482,102],{"class":91},[36,51484,88],{"class":87},[36,51486,1355],{"class":50},[36,51488,51489],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,51490,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,51492,51493,51495,51497,51499,51501,51503,51505,51507],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,51494,7037],{"class":3917},[36,51496,38422],{"class":141},[36,51498,145],{"class":50},[36,51500,1369],{"class":148},[36,51502,3703],{"class":50},[36,51504,38432],{"class":46},[36,51506,1340],{"class":54},[36,51508,6433],{"class":50},[36,51510,51511,51513,51515,51517,51519,51521,51523],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,51512,8105],{"class":141},[36,51514,145],{"class":50},[36,51516,1369],{"class":148},[36,51518,3941],{"class":50},[36,51520,55],{"class":54},[36,51522,20478],{"class":50},[36,51524,51525],{"class":1617},"  # banana\n",[14,51527,51528],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[26,51530,51532],{"className":28,"code":51531,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[33,51533,51534,51557],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,51535,51536,51538,51540,51542,51545,51547,51550,51552,51555],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,51537,5103],{"class":42},[36,51539,47],{"class":46},[36,51541,1333],{"class":50},[36,51543,51544],{"class":54},"88",[36,51546,58],{"class":50},[36,51548,51549],{"class":54}," 91",[36,51551,58],{"class":50},[36,51553,51554],{"class":54}," 75",[36,51556,1355],{"class":50},[36,51558,51559,51561,51563,51565,51568,51570,51572,51574,51576,51578],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,51560,142],{"class":141},[36,51562,145],{"class":50},[36,51564,88],{"class":87},[36,51566,51567],{"class":91},"Number of scores:",[36,51569,88],{"class":87},[36,51571,58],{"class":50},[36,51573,38422],{"class":141},[36,51575,145],{"class":50},[36,51577,16418],{"class":148},[36,51579,445],{"class":50},[14,51581,51582,51583,303],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[294,51584,51586],{"href":51585},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[21,51588,51590],{"id":51589},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[14,51592,51593,51594,51596],{},"For dictionaries, ",[33,51595,42398],{}," counts keys.",[26,51598,51600],{"className":28,"code":51599,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[33,51601,51602,51610,51628,51642,51658,51662,51666],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,51603,51604,51606,51608],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,51605,12895],{"class":42},[36,51607,47],{"class":46},[36,51609,11523],{"class":50},[36,51611,51612,51614,51616,51618,51620,51622,51624,51626],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,51613,11528],{"class":87},[36,51615,1250],{"class":91},[36,51617,88],{"class":87},[36,51619,1213],{"class":50},[36,51621,99],{"class":87},[36,51623,7957],{"class":91},[36,51625,88],{"class":87},[36,51627,11544],{"class":50},[36,51629,51630,51632,51634,51636,51638,51640],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,51631,11528],{"class":87},[36,51633,9331],{"class":91},[36,51635,88],{"class":87},[36,51637,1213],{"class":50},[36,51639,30976],{"class":54},[36,51641,11544],{"class":50},[36,51643,51644,51646,51648,51650,51652,51654,51656],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,51645,11528],{"class":87},[36,51647,19923],{"class":91},[36,51649,88],{"class":87},[36,51651,1213],{"class":50},[36,51653,99],{"class":87},[36,51655,22277],{"class":91},[36,51657,3403],{"class":87},[36,51659,51660],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,51661,69],{"class":50},[36,51663,51664],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,51665,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,51667,51668,51670,51672,51674,51676,51678,51680],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,51669,142],{"class":141},[36,51671,145],{"class":50},[36,51673,438],{"class":141},[36,51675,145],{"class":50},[36,51677,13659],{"class":148},[36,51679,5402],{"class":50},[36,51681,50809],{"class":1617},[14,51683,51684,51685,51687],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[33,51686,42398],{}," returns the number of keys.",[14,51689,51690,51691,51693],{},"For sets, ",[33,51692,42398],{}," counts unique items:",[26,51695,51697],{"className":28,"code":51696,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[33,51698,51699,51727],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,51700,51701,51703,51705,51707,51709,51711,51713,51715,51717,51719,51721,51723,51725],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,51702,43],{"class":42},[36,51704,47],{"class":46},[36,51706,51],{"class":50},[36,51708,55],{"class":54},[36,51710,58],{"class":50},[36,51712,61],{"class":54},[36,51714,58],{"class":50},[36,51716,66],{"class":54},[36,51718,58],{"class":50},[36,51720,66],{"class":54},[36,51722,58],{"class":50},[36,51724,61],{"class":54},[36,51726,69],{"class":50},[36,51728,51729,51731,51733,51735,51737,51739,51741],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,51730,142],{"class":141},[36,51732,145],{"class":50},[36,51734,438],{"class":141},[36,51736,145],{"class":50},[36,51738,149],{"class":148},[36,51740,5402],{"class":50},[36,51742,50809],{"class":1617},[14,51744,51745],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[14,51747,51748],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[26,51750,51752],{"className":28,"code":51751,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[33,51753,51754,51762,51766,51784],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,51755,51756,51758,51760],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,51757,9200],{"class":42},[36,51759,47],{"class":46},[36,51761,886],{"class":50},[36,51763,51764],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,51765,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,51767,51768,51770,51772,51774,51776,51778,51780,51782],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,51769,7037],{"class":3917},[36,51771,38422],{"class":141},[36,51773,145],{"class":50},[36,51775,9239],{"class":148},[36,51777,3703],{"class":50},[36,51779,6448],{"class":46},[36,51781,3875],{"class":54},[36,51783,6433],{"class":50},[36,51785,51786,51788,51790,51792,51795,51797],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,51787,8105],{"class":141},[36,51789,145],{"class":50},[36,51791,88],{"class":87},[36,51793,51794],{"class":91},"The dictionary is empty",[36,51796,88],{"class":87},[36,51798,152],{"class":50},[21,51800,41082],{"id":41081},[14,51802,51803,51804,303],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[33,51805,42398],{},[376,51807,51809],{"id":51808},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[26,51811,51813],{"className":28,"code":51812,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[33,51814,51815,51823,51827,51845],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,51816,51817,51819,51821],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,51818,1328],{"class":42},[36,51820,47],{"class":46},[36,51822,7874],{"class":50},[36,51824,51825],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,51826,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,51828,51829,51831,51833,51835,51837,51839,51841,51843],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,51830,7037],{"class":3917},[36,51832,38422],{"class":141},[36,51834,145],{"class":50},[36,51836,1369],{"class":148},[36,51838,3703],{"class":50},[36,51840,6448],{"class":46},[36,51842,3875],{"class":54},[36,51844,6433],{"class":50},[36,51846,51847,51849,51851,51853,51856,51858],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,51848,8105],{"class":141},[36,51850,145],{"class":50},[36,51852,88],{"class":87},[36,51854,51855],{"class":91},"The list is empty",[36,51857,88],{"class":87},[36,51859,152],{"class":50},[376,51861,51863],{"id":51862},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[26,51865,51867],{"className":28,"code":51866,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[33,51868,51869,51888],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,51870,51871,51873,51875,51877,51879,51881,51884,51886],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,51872,6194],{"class":42},[36,51874,47],{"class":46},[36,51876,8278],{"class":141},[36,51878,145],{"class":50},[36,51880,88],{"class":87},[36,51882,51883],{"class":91},"Enter a word: ",[36,51885,88],{"class":87},[36,51887,152],{"class":50},[36,51889,51890,51892,51894,51896,51899,51901,51903,51905,51907,51909],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,51891,142],{"class":141},[36,51893,145],{"class":50},[36,51895,88],{"class":87},[36,51897,51898],{"class":91},"Number of characters:",[36,51900,88],{"class":87},[36,51902,58],{"class":50},[36,51904,38422],{"class":141},[36,51906,145],{"class":50},[36,51908,38427],{"class":148},[36,51910,445],{"class":50},[376,51912,51914],{"id":51913},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[26,51916,51918],{"className":28,"code":51917,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[33,51919,51920,51934,51938,51956,51971,51977],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,51921,51922,51925,51927,51929,51932],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,51923,51924],{"class":42},"password ",[36,51926,47],{"class":46},[36,51928,99],{"class":87},[36,51930,51931],{"class":91},"secret123",[36,51933,3403],{"class":87},[36,51935,51936],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,51937,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,51939,51940,51942,51944,51946,51948,51950,51952,51954],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,51941,7037],{"class":3917},[36,51943,38422],{"class":141},[36,51945,145],{"class":50},[36,51947,17652],{"class":148},[36,51949,3703],{"class":50},[36,51951,51327],{"class":46},[36,51953,6399],{"class":54},[36,51955,6433],{"class":50},[36,51957,51958,51960,51962,51964,51967,51969],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,51959,8105],{"class":141},[36,51961,145],{"class":50},[36,51963,88],{"class":87},[36,51965,51966],{"class":91},"Password length is valid",[36,51968,88],{"class":87},[36,51970,152],{"class":50},[36,51972,51973,51975],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,51974,27468],{"class":3917},[36,51976,6433],{"class":50},[36,51978,51979,51981,51983,51985,51988,51990],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,51980,8105],{"class":141},[36,51982,145],{"class":50},[36,51984,88],{"class":87},[36,51986,51987],{"class":91},"Password is too short",[36,51989,88],{"class":87},[36,51991,152],{"class":50},[376,51993,51995],{"id":51994},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[26,51997,51999],{"className":28,"code":51998,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[33,52000,52001,52037],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,52002,52003,52006,52008,52010,52012,52015,52017,52019,52021,52024,52026,52028,52030,52033,52035],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,52004,52005],{"class":42},"results ",[36,52007,47],{"class":46},[36,52009,1333],{"class":50},[36,52011,88],{"class":87},[36,52013,52014],{"class":91},"item1",[36,52016,88],{"class":87},[36,52018,58],{"class":50},[36,52020,99],{"class":87},[36,52022,52023],{"class":91},"item2",[36,52025,88],{"class":87},[36,52027,58],{"class":50},[36,52029,99],{"class":87},[36,52031,52032],{"class":91},"item3",[36,52034,88],{"class":87},[36,52036,1355],{"class":50},[36,52038,52039,52041,52043,52045,52048,52050,52052,52054,52056,52059],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,52040,142],{"class":141},[36,52042,145],{"class":50},[36,52044,88],{"class":87},[36,52046,52047],{"class":91},"Items found:",[36,52049,88],{"class":87},[36,52051,58],{"class":50},[36,52053,38422],{"class":141},[36,52055,145],{"class":50},[36,52057,52058],{"class":148},"results",[36,52060,445],{"class":50},[14,52062,52063],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[21,52065,52067],{"id":52066},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[14,52069,52070,52072],{},[33,52071,42398],{}," does not work on every value.",[14,52074,52075,52076,1213],{},"These will raise a ",[33,52077,1210],{},[246,52079,52080,52083,52086],{},[249,52081,52082],{},"plain integers",[249,52084,52085],{},"floats",[249,52087,52088],{},[33,52089,3822],{},[14,52091,2257],{},[26,52093,52095],{"className":28,"code":52094,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(len(5))\n",[33,52096,52097],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,52098,52099,52101,52103,52105,52107,52109],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,52100,142],{"class":141},[36,52102,145],{"class":50},[36,52104,438],{"class":141},[36,52106,145],{"class":50},[36,52108,2183],{"class":54},[36,52110,445],{"class":50},[14,52112,52113,52114,52116],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[33,52115,2183],{}," does not have a length.",[14,52118,1231],{},[26,52120,52122],{"className":28,"code":52121,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(len(3.14))\n",[33,52123,52124],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,52125,52126,52128,52130,52132,52134,52136],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,52127,142],{"class":141},[36,52129,145],{"class":50},[36,52131,438],{"class":141},[36,52133,145],{"class":50},[36,52135,40180],{"class":54},[36,52137,445],{"class":50},[14,52139,52140,52141,1213],{},"And with ",[33,52142,3822],{},[26,52144,52146],{"className":28,"code":52145,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[33,52147,52148,52156],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,52149,52150,52152,52154],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,52151,1478],{"class":42},[36,52153,47],{"class":46},[36,52155,48565],{"class":1143},[36,52157,52158,52160,52162,52164,52166,52168],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,52159,142],{"class":141},[36,52161,145],{"class":50},[36,52163,438],{"class":141},[36,52165,145],{"class":50},[36,52167,1495],{"class":148},[36,52169,445],{"class":50},[14,52171,52172,52173,303],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[294,52174,52176],{"href":52175},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[21,52178,52180],{"id":52179},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[14,52182,52183,52184,52186],{},"Before using ",[33,52185,42398],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[14,52188,52189],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[26,52191,52193],{"className":28,"code":52192,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[33,52194,52195,52203,52207,52217,52231,52249,52267],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,52196,52197,52199,52201],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,52198,1478],{"class":42},[36,52200,47],{"class":46},[36,52202,48565],{"class":1143},[36,52204,52205],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,52206,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,52208,52209,52211,52213,52215],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,52210,142],{"class":141},[36,52212,145],{"class":50},[36,52214,1495],{"class":148},[36,52216,152],{"class":50},[36,52218,52219,52221,52223,52225,52227,52229],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,52220,142],{"class":141},[36,52222,145],{"class":50},[36,52224,818],{"class":80},[36,52226,145],{"class":50},[36,52228,1495],{"class":148},[36,52230,445],{"class":50},[36,52232,52233,52235,52237,52239,52241,52243,52245,52247],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,52234,142],{"class":141},[36,52236,145],{"class":50},[36,52238,48913],{"class":141},[36,52240,145],{"class":50},[36,52242,1495],{"class":148},[36,52244,58],{"class":50},[36,52246,48942],{"class":80},[36,52248,445],{"class":50},[36,52250,52251,52253,52255,52257,52259,52261,52263,52265],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,52252,142],{"class":141},[36,52254,145],{"class":50},[36,52256,48913],{"class":141},[36,52258,145],{"class":50},[36,52260,1495],{"class":148},[36,52262,58],{"class":50},[36,52264,22592],{"class":80},[36,52266,445],{"class":50},[36,52268,52269,52271,52273,52275,52277,52279,52281,52283],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,52270,142],{"class":141},[36,52272,145],{"class":50},[36,52274,48913],{"class":141},[36,52276,145],{"class":50},[36,52278,1495],{"class":148},[36,52280,58],{"class":50},[36,52282,9205],{"class":80},[36,52284,445],{"class":50},[14,52286,52287],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[14,52289,52290],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[26,52292,52294],{"className":28,"code":52293,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[33,52295,52296,52308,52312,52326],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,52297,52298,52300,52302,52304,52306],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,52299,1478],{"class":42},[36,52301,47],{"class":46},[36,52303,99],{"class":87},[36,52305,708],{"class":91},[36,52307,3403],{"class":87},[36,52309,52310],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,52311,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,52313,52314,52316,52318,52320,52322,52324],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,52315,7037],{"class":3917},[36,52317,21616],{"class":42},[36,52319,12224],{"class":46},[36,52321,8135],{"class":46},[36,52323,3893],{"class":1143},[36,52325,6433],{"class":50},[36,52327,52328,52330,52332,52334,52336,52338],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,52329,8105],{"class":141},[36,52331,145],{"class":50},[36,52333,438],{"class":141},[36,52335,145],{"class":50},[36,52337,1495],{"class":148},[36,52339,445],{"class":50},[14,52341,52342,52343,303],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[294,52344,8478],{"href":2350},[21,52346,1455],{"id":1454},[14,52348,23127,52349,1213],{},[33,52350,42398],{},[246,52352,52353,52361,52369,52377,52383],{},[249,52354,1462,52355,52357,52358],{},[33,52356,42398],{}," on an integer like ",[33,52359,52360],{},"len(5)",[249,52362,1462,52363,52365,52366],{},[33,52364,42398],{}," on a float like ",[33,52367,52368],{},"len(3.14)",[249,52370,1462,52371,52373,52374,52376],{},[33,52372,42398],{}," on ",[33,52375,3822],{}," after a function returns nothing",[249,52378,4618,52379,52382],{},[33,52380,52381],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[249,52384,52385],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[14,52387,52388],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[26,52390,52392],{"className":28,"code":52391,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[33,52393,52394,52430],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,52395,52396,52398,52400,52402,52404,52406,52408,52410,52412,52414,52416,52418,52420,52422,52424,52426,52428],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,52397,13237],{"class":42},[36,52399,47],{"class":46},[36,52401,51],{"class":50},[36,52403,88],{"class":87},[36,52405,1250],{"class":91},[36,52407,88],{"class":87},[36,52409,1213],{"class":50},[36,52411,99],{"class":87},[36,52413,12912],{"class":91},[36,52415,88],{"class":87},[36,52417,58],{"class":50},[36,52419,99],{"class":87},[36,52421,9331],{"class":91},[36,52423,88],{"class":87},[36,52425,1213],{"class":50},[36,52427,636],{"class":54},[36,52429,69],{"class":50},[36,52431,52432,52434,52436,52438,52440,52442,52444],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,52433,142],{"class":141},[36,52435,145],{"class":50},[36,52437,438],{"class":141},[36,52439,145],{"class":50},[36,52441,17337],{"class":148},[36,52443,5402],{"class":50},[36,52445,51454],{"class":1617},[14,52447,37630,52448,52450,52451,482,52453,303],{},[33,52449,481],{}," because there are two keys: ",[33,52452,15271],{},[33,52454,52455],{},"\"age\"",[14,52457,52458],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[26,52460,52462],{"className":28,"code":52461,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[33,52463,52464,52477],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,52465,52466,52468,52470,52472,52475],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,52467,34722],{"class":42},[36,52469,47],{"class":46},[36,52471,99],{"class":87},[36,52473,52474],{"class":91},"a b",[36,52476,3403],{"class":87},[36,52478,52479,52481,52483,52485,52487,52489,52491],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,52480,142],{"class":141},[36,52482,145],{"class":50},[36,52484,438],{"class":141},[36,52486,145],{"class":50},[36,52488,34743],{"class":148},[36,52490,5402],{"class":50},[36,52492,50809],{"class":1617},[14,52494,52495],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[21,52497,1872],{"id":1871},[376,52499,52501],{"id":52500},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[14,52503,52504],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[376,52506,52508],{"id":52507},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[14,52510,52511],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[376,52513,52515],{"id":52514},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[14,52517,52518],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[376,52520,52522],{"id":52521},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[14,52524,52525,52526,52528,52529,298,52531,52533,52534,303],{},"No. Using ",[33,52527,42398],{}," on an ",[33,52530,2237],{},[33,52532,2241],{}," raises a ",[33,52535,1210],{},[376,52537,52539],{"id":52538},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[14,52541,7801,52542,303],{},[33,52543,52544],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[14,52546,2257],{},[26,52548,52550],{"className":28,"code":52549,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[33,52551,52552,52560,52564,52582],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,52553,52554,52556,52558],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,52555,8344],{"class":42},[36,52557,47],{"class":46},[36,52559,7874],{"class":50},[36,52561,52562],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,52563,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,52565,52566,52568,52570,52572,52574,52576,52578,52580],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,52567,7037],{"class":3917},[36,52569,38422],{"class":141},[36,52571,145],{"class":50},[36,52573,8375],{"class":148},[36,52575,3703],{"class":50},[36,52577,6448],{"class":46},[36,52579,3875],{"class":54},[36,52581,6433],{"class":50},[36,52583,52584,52586,52588,52590,52593,52595],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,52585,8105],{"class":141},[36,52587,145],{"class":50},[36,52589,88],{"class":87},[36,52591,52592],{"class":91},"Empty list",[36,52594,88],{"class":87},[36,52596,152],{"class":50},[14,52598,52599,52600,52602,52603,52605,52606,52608],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[33,52601,3716],{}," in an ",[33,52604,7037],{}," statement, but ",[33,52607,42398],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[21,52610,1923],{"id":1922},[246,52612,52613,52617,52621,52625,52630,52634,52640],{},[249,52614,52615],{},[294,52616,51015],{"href":51014},[249,52618,52619],{},[294,52620,51019],{"href":51018},[249,52622,52623],{},[294,52624,9190],{"href":9189},[249,52626,52627],{},[294,52628,52629],{"href":51585},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[249,52631,52632],{},[294,52633,8478],{"href":2350},[249,52635,52636],{},[294,52637,52639],{"href":52638},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[249,52641,52642],{},[294,52643,52644],{"href":52175},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1962,52646,52647],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":52649},[52650,52651,52652,52653,52654,52655,52656,52662,52663,52664,52665,52672],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":50817,"depth":72,"text":50818},{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":51162,"depth":72,"text":51163},{"id":51349,"depth":72,"text":51350},{"id":51589,"depth":72,"text":51590},{"id":41081,"depth":72,"text":41082,"children":52657},[52658,52659,52660,52661],{"id":51808,"depth":118,"text":51809},{"id":51862,"depth":118,"text":51863},{"id":51913,"depth":118,"text":51914},{"id":51994,"depth":118,"text":51995},{"id":52066,"depth":72,"text":52067},{"id":52179,"depth":72,"text":52180},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":52666},[52667,52668,52669,52670,52671],{"id":52500,"depth":118,"text":52501},{"id":52507,"depth":118,"text":52508},{"id":52514,"depth":118,"text":52515},{"id":52521,"depth":118,"text":52522},{"id":52538,"depth":118,"text":52539},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50700,"description":52673},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52680,"title":52681,"body":52682,"description":54367,"extension":2009,"meta":54368,"navigation":134,"path":54369,"seo":54370,"stem":54371,"__hash__":54372},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52683,"toc":54340},[52684,52687,52701,52707,52709,52763,52768,52772,52788,52791,52805,52811,52813,52816,52835,52851,52853,52929,52931,52968,52979,52981,52984,53045,53047,53080,53083,53089,53093,53096,53221,53223,53282,53290,53343,53345,53372,53378,53388,53392,53395,53400,53452,53454,53480,53486,53540,53542,53567,53570,53594,53600,53602,53606,53608,53665,53667,53675,53677,53699,53701,53754,53756,53780,53784,53786,53825,53827,53835,53841,53845,53897,53899,53925,53933,53937,53942,53951,53953,54019,54021,54053,54057,54062,54064,54078,54081,54154,54156,54182,54184,54188,54195,54199,54206,54210,54213,54215,54268,54270,54296,54300,54309,54311,54337],[10,52685,52681],{"id":52686},"python-list-append-method",[14,52688,2026,52689,52692,52693,52696,52697,52700],{},[33,52690,52691],{},"append()"," method adds ",[180,52694,52695],{},"one item"," to the ",[180,52698,52699],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[14,52702,52703,52704,52706],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[180,52705,870],{}," create a new list.",[21,52708,24],{"id":23},[26,52710,52712],{"className":28,"code":52711,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[33,52713,52714,52734,52748,52758],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,52715,52716,52718,52720,52722,52724,52726,52728,52730,52732],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,52717,43],{"class":42},[36,52719,47],{"class":46},[36,52721,1333],{"class":50},[36,52723,55],{"class":54},[36,52725,58],{"class":50},[36,52727,61],{"class":54},[36,52729,58],{"class":50},[36,52731,66],{"class":54},[36,52733,1355],{"class":50},[36,52735,52736,52738,52740,52742,52744,52746],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,52737,149],{"class":42},[36,52739,303],{"class":50},[36,52741,13586],{"class":148},[36,52743,145],{"class":50},[36,52745,2554],{"class":54},[36,52747,152],{"class":50},[36,52749,52750,52752,52754,52756],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,52751,142],{"class":141},[36,52753,145],{"class":50},[36,52755,149],{"class":148},[36,52757,152],{"class":50},[36,52759,52760],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,52761,52762],{"class":1617},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,52764,495,52765,52767],{},[33,52766,52691],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[21,52769,52771],{"id":52770},"what-append-does","What append() does",[246,52773,52774,52779,52782,52785],{},[249,52775,52776,52778],{},[33,52777,52691],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[249,52780,52781],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[249,52783,52784],{},"It does not create a new list",[249,52786,52787],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[14,52789,52790],{},"This means you can append:",[246,52792,52793,52795,52797,52799,52801,52803],{},[249,52794,149],{},[249,52796,5350],{},[249,52798,40631],{},[249,52800,5341],{},[249,52802,7290],{},[249,52804,34696],{},[14,52806,52807,52808,303],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[294,52809,52810],{"href":51018},"Python lists explained for beginners",[21,52812,5472],{"id":5471},[14,52814,52815],{},"Basic form:",[26,52817,52819],{"className":28,"code":52818,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_list.append(item)\n",[33,52820,52821],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,52822,52823,52825,52827,52829,52831,52833],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,52824,8375],{"class":42},[36,52826,303],{"class":50},[36,52828,13586],{"class":148},[36,52830,145],{"class":50},[36,52832,23343],{"class":148},[36,52834,152],{"class":50},[246,52836,52837,52842,52847],{},[249,52838,52839,52841],{},[33,52840,8375],{}," is the list you want to change",[249,52843,52844,52846],{},[33,52845,23343],{}," is the value or object to add",[249,52848,11941,52849],{},[33,52850,3822],{},[14,52852,2257],{},[26,52854,52856],{"className":28,"code":52855,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[33,52857,52858,52882,52905,52909,52919],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,52859,52860,52862,52864,52866,52868,52870,52872,52874,52876,52878,52880],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,52861,36273],{"class":42},[36,52863,47],{"class":46},[36,52865,1333],{"class":50},[36,52867,88],{"class":87},[36,52869,92],{"class":91},[36,52871,88],{"class":87},[36,52873,58],{"class":50},[36,52875,99],{"class":87},[36,52877,102],{"class":91},[36,52879,88],{"class":87},[36,52881,1355],{"class":50},[36,52883,52884,52886,52888,52891,52893,52895,52897,52899,52901,52903],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,52885,2280],{"class":42},[36,52887,47],{"class":46},[36,52889,52890],{"class":42}," fruits",[36,52892,303],{"class":50},[36,52894,13586],{"class":148},[36,52896,145],{"class":50},[36,52898,88],{"class":87},[36,52900,1005],{"class":91},[36,52902,88],{"class":87},[36,52904,152],{"class":50},[36,52906,52907],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,52908,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,52910,52911,52913,52915,52917],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,52912,142],{"class":141},[36,52914,145],{"class":50},[36,52916,36325],{"class":148},[36,52918,152],{"class":50},[36,52920,52921,52923,52925,52927],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,52922,142],{"class":141},[36,52924,145],{"class":50},[36,52926,2315],{"class":148},[36,52928,152],{"class":50},[14,52930,182],{},[26,52932,52934],{"className":28,"code":52933,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[33,52935,52936,52964],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,52937,52938,52940,52942,52944,52946,52948,52950,52952,52954,52956,52958,52960,52962],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,52939,3941],{"class":50},[36,52941,211],{"class":87},[36,52943,92],{"class":91},[36,52945,211],{"class":87},[36,52947,58],{"class":50},[36,52949,220],{"class":87},[36,52951,102],{"class":91},[36,52953,211],{"class":87},[36,52955,58],{"class":50},[36,52957,220],{"class":87},[36,52959,1005],{"class":91},[36,52961,211],{"class":87},[36,52963,1355],{"class":50},[36,52965,52966],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,52967,11838],{"class":1143},[14,52969,52970,52971,52973,52974,52976,52977,303],{},"The important detail is that ",[33,52972,52691],{}," updates ",[33,52975,36325],{},", but the method itself returns ",[33,52978,3822],{},[21,52980,11505],{"id":11504},[14,52982,52983],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[26,52985,52987],{"className":28,"code":52986,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[33,52988,52989,53013,53031,53035],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,52990,52991,52993,52995,52997,52999,53001,53003,53005,53007,53009,53011],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,52992,13108],{"class":42},[36,52994,47],{"class":46},[36,52996,1333],{"class":50},[36,52998,88],{"class":87},[36,53000,13125],{"class":91},[36,53002,88],{"class":87},[36,53004,58],{"class":50},[36,53006,99],{"class":87},[36,53008,13142],{"class":91},[36,53010,88],{"class":87},[36,53012,1355],{"class":50},[36,53014,53015,53017,53019,53021,53023,53025,53027,53029],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,53016,17533],{"class":42},[36,53018,303],{"class":50},[36,53020,13586],{"class":148},[36,53022,145],{"class":50},[36,53024,88],{"class":87},[36,53026,17486],{"class":91},[36,53028,88],{"class":87},[36,53030,152],{"class":50},[36,53032,53033],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,53034,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,53036,53037,53039,53041,53043],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,53038,142],{"class":141},[36,53040,145],{"class":50},[36,53042,17533],{"class":148},[36,53044,152],{"class":50},[14,53046,182],{},[26,53048,53050],{"className":28,"code":53049,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[33,53051,53052],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,53053,53054,53056,53058,53060,53062,53064,53066,53068,53070,53072,53074,53076,53078],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,53055,3941],{"class":50},[36,53057,211],{"class":87},[36,53059,13125],{"class":91},[36,53061,211],{"class":87},[36,53063,58],{"class":50},[36,53065,220],{"class":87},[36,53067,13142],{"class":91},[36,53069,211],{"class":87},[36,53071,58],{"class":50},[36,53073,220],{"class":87},[36,53075,17486],{"class":91},[36,53077,211],{"class":87},[36,53079,1355],{"class":50},[14,53081,53082],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[14,53084,31116,53085,303],{},[294,53086,53088],{"href":53087},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[21,53090,53092],{"id":53091},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[14,53094,53095],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[26,53097,53099],{"className":28,"code":53098,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[33,53100,53101,53109,53113,53127,53145,53159,53185,53207,53211],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,53102,53103,53105,53107],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,53104,1328],{"class":42},[36,53106,47],{"class":46},[36,53108,7874],{"class":50},[36,53110,53111],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,53112,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,53114,53115,53117,53119,53121,53123,53125],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,53116,1369],{"class":42},[36,53118,303],{"class":50},[36,53120,13586],{"class":148},[36,53122,145],{"class":50},[36,53124,631],{"class":54},[36,53126,152],{"class":50},[36,53128,53129,53131,53133,53135,53137,53139,53141,53143],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,53130,1369],{"class":42},[36,53132,303],{"class":50},[36,53134,13586],{"class":148},[36,53136,145],{"class":50},[36,53138,88],{"class":87},[36,53140,708],{"class":91},[36,53142,88],{"class":87},[36,53144,152],{"class":50},[36,53146,53147,53149,53151,53153,53155,53157],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,53148,1369],{"class":42},[36,53150,303],{"class":50},[36,53152,13586],{"class":148},[36,53154,145],{"class":50},[36,53156,3649],{"class":1143},[36,53158,152],{"class":50},[36,53160,53161,53163,53165,53167,53169,53171,53173,53175,53177,53179,53181,53183],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,53162,1369],{"class":42},[36,53164,303],{"class":50},[36,53166,13586],{"class":148},[36,53168,5568],{"class":50},[36,53170,88],{"class":87},[36,53172,1250],{"class":91},[36,53174,88],{"class":87},[36,53176,1213],{"class":50},[36,53178,99],{"class":87},[36,53180,1259],{"class":91},[36,53182,88],{"class":87},[36,53184,30530],{"class":50},[36,53186,53187,53189,53191,53193,53195,53197,53199,53201,53203,53205],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,53188,1369],{"class":42},[36,53190,303],{"class":50},[36,53192,13586],{"class":148},[36,53194,84],{"class":50},[36,53196,55],{"class":54},[36,53198,58],{"class":50},[36,53200,61],{"class":54},[36,53202,58],{"class":50},[36,53204,66],{"class":54},[36,53206,115],{"class":50},[36,53208,53209],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,53210,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,53212,53213,53215,53217,53219],{"class":38,"line":6471},[36,53214,142],{"class":141},[36,53216,145],{"class":50},[36,53218,1369],{"class":148},[36,53220,152],{"class":50},[14,53222,182],{},[26,53224,53226],{"className":28,"code":53225,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[33,53227,53228],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,53229,53230,53232,53234,53236,53238,53240,53242,53244,53246,53248,53250,53252,53254,53256,53258,53260,53262,53264,53267,53269,53271,53273,53275,53277,53279],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,53231,3941],{"class":50},[36,53233,631],{"class":54},[36,53235,58],{"class":50},[36,53237,220],{"class":87},[36,53239,708],{"class":91},[36,53241,211],{"class":87},[36,53243,58],{"class":50},[36,53245,1144],{"class":1143},[36,53247,58],{"class":50},[36,53249,51],{"class":50},[36,53251,211],{"class":87},[36,53253,1250],{"class":91},[36,53255,211],{"class":87},[36,53257,1213],{"class":50},[36,53259,220],{"class":87},[36,53261,1259],{"class":91},[36,53263,211],{"class":87},[36,53265,53266],{"class":50},"},",[36,53268,1333],{"class":50},[36,53270,55],{"class":54},[36,53272,58],{"class":50},[36,53274,61],{"class":54},[36,53276,58],{"class":50},[36,53278,66],{"class":54},[36,53280,53281],{"class":50},"]]\n",[14,53283,53284,53285,42192,53287,303],{},"A list added with ",[33,53286,52691],{},[180,53288,53289],{},"one single item",[26,53291,53293],{"className":28,"code":53292,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,53294,53295,53311,53329,53333],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,53296,53297,53299,53301,53303,53305,53307,53309],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,53298,43],{"class":42},[36,53300,47],{"class":46},[36,53302,1333],{"class":50},[36,53304,55],{"class":54},[36,53306,58],{"class":50},[36,53308,61],{"class":54},[36,53310,1355],{"class":50},[36,53312,53313,53315,53317,53319,53321,53323,53325,53327],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,53314,149],{"class":42},[36,53316,303],{"class":50},[36,53318,13586],{"class":148},[36,53320,84],{"class":50},[36,53322,485],{"class":54},[36,53324,58],{"class":50},[36,53326,559],{"class":54},[36,53328,115],{"class":50},[36,53330,53331],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,53332,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,53334,53335,53337,53339,53341],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,53336,142],{"class":141},[36,53338,145],{"class":50},[36,53340,149],{"class":148},[36,53342,152],{"class":50},[14,53344,182],{},[26,53346,53348],{"className":28,"code":53347,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[33,53349,53350],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,53351,53352,53354,53356,53358,53360,53362,53364,53366,53368,53370],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,53353,3941],{"class":50},[36,53355,55],{"class":54},[36,53357,58],{"class":50},[36,53359,61],{"class":54},[36,53361,58],{"class":50},[36,53363,1333],{"class":50},[36,53365,485],{"class":54},[36,53367,58],{"class":50},[36,53369,559],{"class":54},[36,53371,53281],{"class":50},[14,53373,2337,53374,53377],{},[33,53375,53376],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[14,53379,53380,53381,53387],{},"This is different from ",[294,53382,53384],{"href":53383},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[33,53385,53386],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[21,53389,53391],{"id":53390},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[14,53393,53394],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[376,53396,1462,53398],{"id":53397},"using-append",[33,53399,52691],{},[26,53401,53402],{"className":28,"code":53292,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,53403,53404,53420,53438,53442],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,53405,53406,53408,53410,53412,53414,53416,53418],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,53407,43],{"class":42},[36,53409,47],{"class":46},[36,53411,1333],{"class":50},[36,53413,55],{"class":54},[36,53415,58],{"class":50},[36,53417,61],{"class":54},[36,53419,1355],{"class":50},[36,53421,53422,53424,53426,53428,53430,53432,53434,53436],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,53423,149],{"class":42},[36,53425,303],{"class":50},[36,53427,13586],{"class":148},[36,53429,84],{"class":50},[36,53431,485],{"class":54},[36,53433,58],{"class":50},[36,53435,559],{"class":54},[36,53437,115],{"class":50},[36,53439,53440],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,53441,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,53443,53444,53446,53448,53450],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,53445,142],{"class":141},[36,53447,145],{"class":50},[36,53449,149],{"class":148},[36,53451,152],{"class":50},[14,53453,182],{},[26,53455,53456],{"className":28,"code":53347,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,53457,53458],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,53459,53460,53462,53464,53466,53468,53470,53472,53474,53476,53478],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,53461,3941],{"class":50},[36,53463,55],{"class":54},[36,53465,58],{"class":50},[36,53467,61],{"class":54},[36,53469,58],{"class":50},[36,53471,1333],{"class":50},[36,53473,485],{"class":54},[36,53475,58],{"class":50},[36,53477,559],{"class":54},[36,53479,53281],{"class":50},[376,53481,1462,53483],{"id":53482},"using-extend",[33,53484,53485],{},"extend()",[26,53487,53489],{"className":28,"code":53488,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,53490,53491,53507,53526,53530],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,53492,53493,53495,53497,53499,53501,53503,53505],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,53494,43],{"class":42},[36,53496,47],{"class":46},[36,53498,1333],{"class":50},[36,53500,55],{"class":54},[36,53502,58],{"class":50},[36,53504,61],{"class":54},[36,53506,1355],{"class":50},[36,53508,53509,53511,53513,53516,53518,53520,53522,53524],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,53510,149],{"class":42},[36,53512,303],{"class":50},[36,53514,53515],{"class":148},"extend",[36,53517,84],{"class":50},[36,53519,485],{"class":54},[36,53521,58],{"class":50},[36,53523,559],{"class":54},[36,53525,115],{"class":50},[36,53527,53528],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,53529,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,53531,53532,53534,53536,53538],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,53533,142],{"class":141},[36,53535,145],{"class":50},[36,53537,149],{"class":148},[36,53539,152],{"class":50},[14,53541,182],{},[26,53543,53545],{"className":28,"code":53544,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[33,53546,53547],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,53548,53549,53551,53553,53555,53557,53559,53561,53563,53565],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,53550,3941],{"class":50},[36,53552,55],{"class":54},[36,53554,58],{"class":50},[36,53556,61],{"class":54},[36,53558,58],{"class":50},[36,53560,66],{"class":54},[36,53562,58],{"class":50},[36,53564,559],{"class":54},[36,53566,1355],{"class":50},[14,53568,53569],{},"The difference:",[246,53571,53572,53578,53584,53589],{},[249,53573,53574,53577],{},[33,53575,53576],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[249,53579,53580,53583],{},[33,53581,53582],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[249,53585,495,53586,53588],{},[33,53587,52691],{}," for one item",[249,53590,495,53591,53593],{},[33,53592,53485],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[14,53595,53596,53597,303],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[294,53598,53599],{"href":53383},"Python list extend() method",[21,53601,4557],{"id":4556},[376,53603,53605],{"id":53604},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[14,53607,25724],{},[26,53609,53611],{"className":28,"code":53610,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[33,53612,53613,53633,53651,53655],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,53614,53615,53617,53619,53621,53623,53625,53627,53629,53631],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,53616,1328],{"class":42},[36,53618,47],{"class":46},[36,53620,1333],{"class":50},[36,53622,55],{"class":54},[36,53624,58],{"class":50},[36,53626,61],{"class":54},[36,53628,58],{"class":50},[36,53630,66],{"class":54},[36,53632,1355],{"class":50},[36,53634,53635,53637,53639,53641,53643,53645,53647,53649],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,53636,1328],{"class":42},[36,53638,47],{"class":46},[36,53640,6005],{"class":42},[36,53642,303],{"class":50},[36,53644,13586],{"class":148},[36,53646,145],{"class":50},[36,53648,2554],{"class":54},[36,53650,152],{"class":50},[36,53652,53653],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,53654,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,53656,53657,53659,53661,53663],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,53658,142],{"class":141},[36,53660,145],{"class":50},[36,53662,1369],{"class":148},[36,53664,152],{"class":50},[14,53666,182],{},[26,53668,53669],{"className":28,"code":11838,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,53670,53671],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,53672,53673],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,53674,11838],{"class":1143},[14,53676,11930],{},[246,53678,53679,53684,53690],{},[249,53680,53681,53683],{},[33,53682,52691],{}," changes the list in place",[249,53685,53686,2448,53688],{},[33,53687,52691],{},[33,53689,3822],{},[249,53691,53692,53693,53696,53697],{},"So ",[33,53694,53695],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[33,53698,3822],{},[14,53700,10837],{},[26,53702,53704],{"className":28,"code":53703,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[33,53705,53706,53726,53740,53744],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,53707,53708,53710,53712,53714,53716,53718,53720,53722,53724],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,53709,1328],{"class":42},[36,53711,47],{"class":46},[36,53713,1333],{"class":50},[36,53715,55],{"class":54},[36,53717,58],{"class":50},[36,53719,61],{"class":54},[36,53721,58],{"class":50},[36,53723,66],{"class":54},[36,53725,1355],{"class":50},[36,53727,53728,53730,53732,53734,53736,53738],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,53729,1369],{"class":42},[36,53731,303],{"class":50},[36,53733,13586],{"class":148},[36,53735,145],{"class":50},[36,53737,2554],{"class":54},[36,53739,152],{"class":50},[36,53741,53742],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,53743,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,53745,53746,53748,53750,53752],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,53747,142],{"class":141},[36,53749,145],{"class":50},[36,53751,1369],{"class":148},[36,53753,152],{"class":50},[14,53755,182],{},[26,53757,53758],{"className":28,"code":53544,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,53759,53760],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,53761,53762,53764,53766,53768,53770,53772,53774,53776,53778],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,53763,3941],{"class":50},[36,53765,55],{"class":54},[36,53767,58],{"class":50},[36,53769,61],{"class":54},[36,53771,58],{"class":50},[36,53773,66],{"class":54},[36,53775,58],{"class":50},[36,53777,559],{"class":54},[36,53779,1355],{"class":50},[376,53781,53783],{"id":53782},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[14,53785,18945],{},[26,53787,53789],{"className":28,"code":53788,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[33,53790,53791,53815],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,53792,53793,53795,53797,53799,53801,53803,53805,53807,53809,53811,53813],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,53794,31916],{"class":42},[36,53796,47],{"class":46},[36,53798,1333],{"class":50},[36,53800,55],{"class":54},[36,53802,58],{"class":50},[36,53804,61],{"class":54},[36,53806,13583],{"class":50},[36,53808,13586],{"class":148},[36,53810,145],{"class":50},[36,53812,485],{"class":54},[36,53814,152],{"class":50},[36,53816,53817,53819,53821,53823],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,53818,142],{"class":141},[36,53820,145],{"class":50},[36,53822,31935],{"class":148},[36,53824,152],{"class":50},[14,53826,182],{},[26,53828,53829],{"className":28,"code":11838,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,53830,53831],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,53832,53833],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,53834,11838],{"class":1143},[14,53836,53837,53838,53840],{},"Remember: ",[33,53839,52691],{}," updates the list you already have.",[376,53842,53844],{"id":53843},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[26,53846,53847],{"className":28,"code":53292,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,53848,53849,53865,53883,53887],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,53850,53851,53853,53855,53857,53859,53861,53863],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,53852,43],{"class":42},[36,53854,47],{"class":46},[36,53856,1333],{"class":50},[36,53858,55],{"class":54},[36,53860,58],{"class":50},[36,53862,61],{"class":54},[36,53864,1355],{"class":50},[36,53866,53867,53869,53871,53873,53875,53877,53879,53881],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,53868,149],{"class":42},[36,53870,303],{"class":50},[36,53872,13586],{"class":148},[36,53874,84],{"class":50},[36,53876,485],{"class":54},[36,53878,58],{"class":50},[36,53880,559],{"class":54},[36,53882,115],{"class":50},[36,53884,53885],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,53886,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,53888,53889,53891,53893,53895],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,53890,142],{"class":141},[36,53892,145],{"class":50},[36,53894,149],{"class":148},[36,53896,152],{"class":50},[14,53898,182],{},[26,53900,53901],{"className":28,"code":53347,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,53902,53903],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,53904,53905,53907,53909,53911,53913,53915,53917,53919,53921,53923],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,53906,3941],{"class":50},[36,53908,55],{"class":54},[36,53910,58],{"class":50},[36,53912,61],{"class":54},[36,53914,58],{"class":50},[36,53916,1333],{"class":50},[36,53918,485],{"class":54},[36,53920,58],{"class":50},[36,53922,559],{"class":54},[36,53924,53281],{"class":50},[14,53926,3217,53927,53930,53931,1524],{},[33,53928,53929],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[33,53932,53485],{},[376,53934,53936],{"id":53935},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[14,53938,53939,53941],{},[33,53940,52691],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[14,53943,53944,53945,303],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[294,53946,53948],{"href":53947},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[33,53949,53950],{},"list.insert()",[14,53952,2257],{},[26,53954,53956],{"className":28,"code":53955,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[33,53957,53958,53982,54005,54009],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,53959,53960,53962,53964,53966,53968,53970,53972,53974,53976,53978,53980],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,53961,697],{"class":42},[36,53963,47],{"class":46},[36,53965,1333],{"class":50},[36,53967,88],{"class":87},[36,53969,294],{"class":91},[36,53971,88],{"class":87},[36,53973,58],{"class":50},[36,53975,99],{"class":87},[36,53977,9770],{"class":91},[36,53979,88],{"class":87},[36,53981,1355],{"class":50},[36,53983,53984,53986,53988,53991,53993,53995,53997,53999,54001,54003],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,53985,721],{"class":42},[36,53987,303],{"class":50},[36,53989,53990],{"class":148},"insert",[36,53992,145],{"class":50},[36,53994,55],{"class":54},[36,53996,58],{"class":50},[36,53998,99],{"class":87},[36,54000,1707],{"class":91},[36,54002,88],{"class":87},[36,54004,152],{"class":50},[36,54006,54007],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,54008,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,54010,54011,54013,54015,54017],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,54012,142],{"class":141},[36,54014,145],{"class":50},[36,54016,721],{"class":148},[36,54018,152],{"class":50},[14,54020,182],{},[26,54022,54023],{"className":28,"code":42913,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,54024,54025],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,54026,54027,54029,54031,54033,54035,54037,54039,54041,54043,54045,54047,54049,54051],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,54028,3941],{"class":50},[36,54030,211],{"class":87},[36,54032,294],{"class":91},[36,54034,211],{"class":87},[36,54036,58],{"class":50},[36,54038,220],{"class":87},[36,54040,1707],{"class":91},[36,54042,211],{"class":87},[36,54044,58],{"class":50},[36,54046,220],{"class":87},[36,54048,9770],{"class":91},[36,54050,211],{"class":87},[36,54052,1355],{"class":50},[21,54054,54056],{"id":54055},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[14,54058,54059,54061],{},[33,54060,52691],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[14,54063,36460],{},[246,54065,54066,54069,54072,54075],{},[249,54067,54068],{},"building a list in a loop",[249,54070,54071],{},"collecting user input",[249,54073,54074],{},"storing results step by step",[249,54076,54077],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[14,54079,54080],{},"Example with a loop:",[26,54082,54084],{"className":28,"code":54083,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[33,54085,54086,54095,54099,54120,54139,54143],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,54087,54088,54091,54093],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,54089,54090],{"class":42},"squares ",[36,54092,47],{"class":46},[36,54094,7874],{"class":50},[36,54096,54097],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,54098,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,54100,54101,54103,54105,54107,54110,54112,54114,54116,54118],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,54102,5997],{"class":3917},[36,54104,6426],{"class":42},[36,54106,3924],{"class":3917},[36,54108,54109],{"class":141}," range",[36,54111,145],{"class":50},[36,54113,55],{"class":54},[36,54115,58],{"class":50},[36,54117,4644],{"class":54},[36,54119,8378],{"class":50},[36,54121,54122,54125,54127,54129,54131,54133,54135,54137],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,54123,54124],{"class":42},"    squares",[36,54126,303],{"class":50},[36,54128,13586],{"class":148},[36,54130,145],{"class":50},[36,54132,2267],{"class":148},[36,54134,39909],{"class":46},[36,54136,2246],{"class":148},[36,54138,152],{"class":50},[36,54140,54141],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,54142,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,54144,54145,54147,54149,54152],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,54146,142],{"class":141},[36,54148,145],{"class":50},[36,54150,54151],{"class":148},"squares",[36,54153,152],{"class":50},[14,54155,182],{},[26,54157,54159],{"className":28,"code":54158,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[33,54160,54161],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,54162,54163,54165,54167,54169,54171,54173,54176,54178,54180],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,54164,3941],{"class":50},[36,54166,55],{"class":54},[36,54168,58],{"class":50},[36,54170,559],{"class":54},[36,54172,58],{"class":50},[36,54174,54175],{"class":54}," 9",[36,54177,58],{"class":50},[36,54179,14020],{"class":54},[36,54181,1355],{"class":50},[21,54183,1872],{"id":1871},[376,54185,54187],{"id":54186},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[14,54189,46403,54190,54192,54193,303],{},[33,54191,52691],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[33,54194,3822],{},[376,54196,54198],{"id":54197},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[14,54200,54201,54202,303],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[294,54203,54204],{"href":53383},[33,54205,53485],{},[376,54207,54209],{"id":54208},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[14,54211,54212],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[14,54214,2257],{},[26,54216,54218],{"className":28,"code":54217,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[33,54219,54220,54236,54254,54258],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,54221,54222,54224,54226,54228,54230,54232,54234],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,54223,9200],{"class":42},[36,54225,47],{"class":46},[36,54227,1333],{"class":50},[36,54229,55],{"class":54},[36,54231,58],{"class":50},[36,54233,61],{"class":54},[36,54235,1355],{"class":50},[36,54237,54238,54240,54242,54244,54246,54248,54250,54252],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,54239,9239],{"class":42},[36,54241,303],{"class":50},[36,54243,13586],{"class":148},[36,54245,84],{"class":50},[36,54247,485],{"class":54},[36,54249,58],{"class":50},[36,54251,559],{"class":54},[36,54253,115],{"class":50},[36,54255,54256],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,54257,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,54259,54260,54262,54264,54266],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,54261,142],{"class":141},[36,54263,145],{"class":50},[36,54265,9239],{"class":148},[36,54267,152],{"class":50},[14,54269,182],{},[26,54271,54272],{"className":28,"code":53347,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,54273,54274],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,54275,54276,54278,54280,54282,54284,54286,54288,54290,54292,54294],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,54277,3941],{"class":50},[36,54279,55],{"class":54},[36,54281,58],{"class":50},[36,54283,61],{"class":54},[36,54285,58],{"class":50},[36,54287,1333],{"class":50},[36,54289,485],{"class":54},[36,54291,58],{"class":50},[36,54293,559],{"class":54},[36,54295,53281],{"class":50},[376,54297,54299],{"id":54298},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[14,54301,54302,54304,54305,54308],{},[33,54303,52691],{}," adds at the end. ",[33,54306,54307],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[21,54310,1923],{"id":1922},[246,54312,54313,54318,54322,54327,54331],{},[249,54314,54315],{},[294,54316,54317],{"href":53087},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[249,54319,54320],{},[294,54321,53599],{"href":53383},[249,54323,54324],{},[294,54325,54326],{"href":53947},"Python list insert() method",[249,54328,54329],{},[294,54330,52810],{"href":51018},[249,54332,54333],{},[294,54334,54336],{"href":54335},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1962,54338,54339],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":54341},[54342,54343,54344,54345,54346,54347,54353,54359,54360,54366],{"id":23,"depth":72,"text":24},{"id":52770,"depth":72,"text":52771},{"id":5471,"depth":72,"text":5472},{"id":11504,"depth":72,"text":11505},{"id":53091,"depth":72,"text":53092},{"id":53390,"depth":72,"text":53391,"children":54348},[54349,54351],{"id":53397,"depth":118,"text":54350},"Using append()",{"id":53482,"depth":118,"text":54352},"Using extend()",{"id":4556,"depth":72,"text":4557,"children":54354},[54355,54356,54357,54358],{"id":53604,"depth":118,"text":53605},{"id":53782,"depth":118,"text":53783},{"id":53843,"depth":118,"text":53844},{"id":53935,"depth":118,"text":53936},{"id":54055,"depth":72,"text":54056},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":54361},[54362,54363,54364,54365],{"id":54186,"depth":118,"text":54187},{"id":54197,"depth":118,"text":54198},{"id":54208,"depth":118,"text":54209},{"id":54298,"depth":118,"text":54299},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52681,"description":54367},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54374,"title":54375,"body":54376,"description":55620,"extension":2009,"meta":55621,"navigation":134,"path":55622,"seo":55623,"stem":55624,"__hash__":55625},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54377,"toc":55585},[54378,54384,54390,54396,54398,54446,54451,54456,54460,54476,54482,54484,54487,54502,54504,54515,54517,54519,54576,54578,54586,54588,54604,54610,54612,54618,54622,54706,54709,54758,54765,54773,54776,54790,54803,54809,54884,54891,54898,54972,54980,54983,54994,55003,55007,55011,55022,55024,55101,55122,55124,55134,55137,55185,55187,55208,55211,55213,55264,55270,55277,55344,55350,55356,55359,55386,55391,55397,55400,55472,55475,55486,55492,55494,55500,55503,55509,55515,55522,55530,55536,55542,55544,55582],[10,54379,54381,54382,11352],{"id":54380},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[33,54383,11351],{},[14,54385,54386,54389],{},[33,54387,54388],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[14,54391,54392,54393,54395],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[180,54394,11364],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[21,54397,24],{"id":23},[26,54399,54401],{"className":28,"code":54400,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[33,54402,54403,54423,54433],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,54404,54405,54407,54409,54411,54413,54415,54417,54419,54421],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,54406,1328],{"class":42},[36,54408,47],{"class":46},[36,54410,1333],{"class":50},[36,54412,55],{"class":54},[36,54414,58],{"class":50},[36,54416,61],{"class":54},[36,54418,58],{"class":50},[36,54420,66],{"class":54},[36,54422,1355],{"class":50},[36,54424,54425,54427,54429,54431],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,54426,1369],{"class":42},[36,54428,303],{"class":50},[36,54430,11413],{"class":148},[36,54432,128],{"class":50},[36,54434,54435,54437,54439,54441,54443],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,54436,142],{"class":141},[36,54438,145],{"class":50},[36,54440,1369],{"class":148},[36,54442,3703],{"class":50},[36,54444,54445],{"class":1617},"  # []\n",[14,54447,495,54448,54450],{},[33,54449,11351],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[21,54452,3720,54454,3723],{"id":54453},"what-listclear-does",[33,54455,54388],{},[14,54457,54458,1213],{},[33,54459,54388],{},[246,54461,54462,54465,54468,54473],{},[249,54463,54464],{},"Removes every item from a list",[249,54466,54467],{},"Changes the original list in place",[249,54469,54470,54471],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[33,54472,3831],{},[249,54474,54475],{},"Takes no arguments",[14,54477,54478,54479,54481],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[33,54480,11351],{},", but it contains no values.",[21,54483,2205],{"id":2204},[14,54485,54486],{},"Syntax:",[26,54488,54490],{"className":28,"code":54489,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_list.clear()\n",[33,54491,54492],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,54493,54494,54496,54498,54500],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,54495,8375],{"class":42},[36,54497,303],{"class":50},[36,54499,11413],{"class":148},[36,54501,128],{"class":50},[14,54503,11488],{},[246,54505,54506,54509,54512],{},[249,54507,54508],{},"Call it on a list object",[249,54510,54511],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[249,54513,54514],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[21,54516,11505],{"id":11504},[14,54518,11508],{},[26,54520,54522],{"className":28,"code":54521,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,54523,54524,54548,54552,54562,54566],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,54525,54526,54528,54530,54532,54534,54536,54538,54540,54542,54544,54546],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,54527,43],{"class":42},[36,54529,47],{"class":46},[36,54531,1333],{"class":50},[36,54533,631],{"class":54},[36,54535,58],{"class":50},[36,54537,636],{"class":54},[36,54539,58],{"class":50},[36,54541,645],{"class":54},[36,54543,58],{"class":50},[36,54545,50882],{"class":54},[36,54547,1355],{"class":50},[36,54549,54550],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,54551,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,54553,54554,54556,54558,54560],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,54555,149],{"class":42},[36,54557,303],{"class":50},[36,54559,11413],{"class":148},[36,54561,128],{"class":50},[36,54563,54564],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,54565,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,54567,54568,54570,54572,54574],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,54569,142],{"class":141},[36,54571,145],{"class":50},[36,54573,149],{"class":148},[36,54575,152],{"class":50},[14,54577,182],{},[26,54579,54580],{"className":28,"code":38333,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,54581,54582],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,54583,54584],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,54585,38333],{"class":50},[14,54587,11714],{},[246,54589,54590,54595,54601],{},[249,54591,54592,54594],{},[33,54593,149],{}," starts with four items",[249,54596,54597,54600],{},[33,54598,54599],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[249,54602,54603],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[14,54605,54606,54607,303],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[294,54608,52810],{"href":54609},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[21,54611,17449],{"id":17448},[14,54613,54614,2448,54616,303],{},[33,54615,11351],{},[33,54617,3822],{},[14,54619,40942,54620,52706],{},[180,54621,870],{},[26,54623,54625],{"className":28,"code":54624,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[33,54626,54627,54659,54663,54677,54681,54694],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,54628,54629,54631,54633,54635,54637,54639,54641,54643,54645,54647,54649,54651,54653,54655,54657],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,54630,1328],{"class":42},[36,54632,47],{"class":46},[36,54634,1333],{"class":50},[36,54636,88],{"class":87},[36,54638,294],{"class":91},[36,54640,88],{"class":87},[36,54642,58],{"class":50},[36,54644,99],{"class":87},[36,54646,1707],{"class":91},[36,54648,88],{"class":87},[36,54650,58],{"class":50},[36,54652,99],{"class":87},[36,54654,9770],{"class":91},[36,54656,88],{"class":87},[36,54658,1355],{"class":50},[36,54660,54661],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,54662,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,54664,54665,54667,54669,54671,54673,54675],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,54666,2280],{"class":42},[36,54668,47],{"class":46},[36,54670,6005],{"class":42},[36,54672,303],{"class":50},[36,54674,11413],{"class":148},[36,54676,128],{"class":50},[36,54678,54679],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,54680,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,54682,54683,54685,54687,54689,54691],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,54684,142],{"class":141},[36,54686,145],{"class":50},[36,54688,1369],{"class":148},[36,54690,3703],{"class":50},[36,54692,54693],{"class":1617},"   # []\n",[36,54695,54696,54698,54700,54702,54704],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,54697,142],{"class":141},[36,54699,145],{"class":50},[36,54701,2315],{"class":148},[36,54703,3703],{"class":50},[36,54705,20908],{"class":1617},[14,54707,54708],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[26,54710,54712],{"className":28,"code":54711,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[33,54713,54714,54734,54748],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,54715,54716,54718,54720,54722,54724,54726,54728,54730,54732],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,54717,1328],{"class":42},[36,54719,47],{"class":46},[36,54721,1333],{"class":50},[36,54723,55],{"class":54},[36,54725,58],{"class":50},[36,54727,61],{"class":54},[36,54729,58],{"class":50},[36,54731,66],{"class":54},[36,54733,1355],{"class":50},[36,54735,54736,54738,54740,54742,54744,54746],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,54737,1328],{"class":42},[36,54739,47],{"class":46},[36,54741,6005],{"class":42},[36,54743,303],{"class":50},[36,54745,11413],{"class":148},[36,54747,128],{"class":50},[36,54749,54750,54752,54754,54756],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,54751,142],{"class":141},[36,54753,145],{"class":50},[36,54755,1369],{"class":148},[36,54757,152],{"class":50},[14,54759,11946,54760,42192,54762,54764],{},[33,54761,1369],{},[33,54763,3822],{},", not an empty list.",[21,54766,54768,54770,54771],{"id":54767},"clear-vs-assigning",[33,54769,11351],{}," vs assigning ",[33,54772,3831],{},[14,54774,54775],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[26,54777,54778],{"className":28,"code":54489,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,54779,54780],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,54781,54782,54784,54786,54788],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,54783,8375],{"class":42},[36,54785,303],{"class":50},[36,54787,11413],{"class":148},[36,54789,128],{"class":50},[26,54791,54793],{"className":28,"code":54792,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_list = []\n",[33,54794,54795],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,54796,54797,54799,54801],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,54798,8344],{"class":42},[36,54800,47],{"class":46},[36,54802,7874],{"class":50},[376,54804,54806,54808],{"id":54805},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[33,54807,11351],{}," empties the same list object",[26,54810,54812],{"className":28,"code":54811,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[33,54813,54814,54834,54842,54846,54856,54860,54872],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,54815,54816,54818,54820,54822,54824,54826,54828,54830,54832],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,54817,2604],{"class":42},[36,54819,47],{"class":46},[36,54821,1333],{"class":50},[36,54823,55],{"class":54},[36,54825,58],{"class":50},[36,54827,61],{"class":54},[36,54829,58],{"class":50},[36,54831,66],{"class":54},[36,54833,1355],{"class":50},[36,54835,54836,54838,54840],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,54837,2632],{"class":42},[36,54839,47],{"class":46},[36,54841,36210],{"class":42},[36,54843,54844],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,54845,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,54847,54848,54850,54852,54854],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,54849,294],{"class":42},[36,54851,303],{"class":50},[36,54853,11413],{"class":148},[36,54855,128],{"class":50},[36,54857,54858],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,54859,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,54861,54862,54864,54866,54868,54870],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,54863,142],{"class":141},[36,54865,145],{"class":50},[36,54867,294],{"class":148},[36,54869,3703],{"class":50},[36,54871,54445],{"class":1617},[36,54873,54874,54876,54878,54880,54882],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,54875,142],{"class":141},[36,54877,145],{"class":50},[36,54879,1707],{"class":148},[36,54881,3703],{"class":50},[36,54883,54445],{"class":1617},[14,54885,10620,54886,482,54888,54890],{},[33,54887,294],{},[33,54889,1707],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[376,54892,54894,54897],{"id":54893},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[33,54895,54896],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[26,54899,54901],{"className":28,"code":54900,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[33,54902,54903,54923,54931,54935,54943,54947,54959],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,54904,54905,54907,54909,54911,54913,54915,54917,54919,54921],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,54906,2604],{"class":42},[36,54908,47],{"class":46},[36,54910,1333],{"class":50},[36,54912,55],{"class":54},[36,54914,58],{"class":50},[36,54916,61],{"class":54},[36,54918,58],{"class":50},[36,54920,66],{"class":54},[36,54922,1355],{"class":50},[36,54924,54925,54927,54929],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,54926,2632],{"class":42},[36,54928,47],{"class":46},[36,54930,36210],{"class":42},[36,54932,54933],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,54934,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,54936,54937,54939,54941],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,54938,2604],{"class":42},[36,54940,47],{"class":46},[36,54942,7874],{"class":50},[36,54944,54945],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,54946,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,54948,54949,54951,54953,54955,54957],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,54950,142],{"class":141},[36,54952,145],{"class":50},[36,54954,294],{"class":148},[36,54956,3703],{"class":50},[36,54958,54445],{"class":1617},[36,54960,54961,54963,54965,54967,54969],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,54962,142],{"class":141},[36,54964,145],{"class":50},[36,54966,1707],{"class":148},[36,54968,3703],{"class":50},[36,54970,54971],{"class":1617},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[14,54973,20803,54974,54976,54977,54979],{},[33,54975,294],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[33,54978,1707],{}," still points to the original list.",[14,54981,54982],{},"This difference matters when:",[246,54984,54985,54988,54991],{},[249,54986,54987],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[249,54989,54990],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[249,54992,54993],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[14,54995,54996,54997,303],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[294,54998,55000,55001,1939],{"href":54999},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[33,55002,12808],{},[21,55004,5000,55005],{"id":12468},[33,55006,11351],{},[14,55008,495,55009,6357],{},[33,55010,11351],{},[246,55012,55013,55016,55019],{},[249,55014,55015],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[249,55017,55018],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[249,55020,55021],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[14,55023,2257],{},[26,55025,55027],{"className":28,"code":55026,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[33,55028,55029,55065,55069,55074,55085,55089],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,55030,55031,55034,55036,55038,55040,55043,55045,55047,55049,55052,55054,55056,55058,55061,55063],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,55032,55033],{"class":42},"shopping_cart ",[36,55035,47],{"class":46},[36,55037,1333],{"class":50},[36,55039,88],{"class":87},[36,55041,55042],{"class":91},"milk",[36,55044,88],{"class":87},[36,55046,58],{"class":50},[36,55048,99],{"class":87},[36,55050,55051],{"class":91},"bread",[36,55053,88],{"class":87},[36,55055,58],{"class":50},[36,55057,99],{"class":87},[36,55059,55060],{"class":91},"eggs",[36,55062,88],{"class":87},[36,55064,1355],{"class":50},[36,55066,55067],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,55068,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,55070,55071],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,55072,55073],{"class":1617},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[36,55075,55076,55079,55081,55083],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,55077,55078],{"class":42},"shopping_cart",[36,55080,303],{"class":50},[36,55082,11413],{"class":148},[36,55084,128],{"class":50},[36,55086,55087],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,55088,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,55090,55091,55093,55095,55097,55099],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,55092,142],{"class":141},[36,55094,145],{"class":50},[36,55096,55078],{"class":148},[36,55098,3703],{"class":50},[36,55100,54445],{"class":1617},[14,55102,55103,55104,55108,55109,55115,55116,303],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[294,55105,55107],{"href":55106},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[294,55110,55112,1939],{"href":55111},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[33,55113,55114],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[294,55117,55119,1939],{"href":55118},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[33,55120,55121],{},"list.pop()",[21,55123,4557],{"id":4556},[376,55125,55127,55128,11122,55131],{"id":55126},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[33,55129,55130],{},"my_list.clear",[33,55132,55133],{},"my_list.clear()",[14,55135,55136],{},"This does not call the method.",[26,55138,55140],{"className":28,"code":55139,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[33,55141,55142,55162,55166,55175],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,55143,55144,55146,55148,55150,55152,55154,55156,55158,55160],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,55145,1328],{"class":42},[36,55147,47],{"class":46},[36,55149,1333],{"class":50},[36,55151,55],{"class":54},[36,55153,58],{"class":50},[36,55155,61],{"class":54},[36,55157,58],{"class":50},[36,55159,66],{"class":54},[36,55161,1355],{"class":50},[36,55163,55164],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,55165,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,55167,55168,55170,55172],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,55169,1369],{"class":42},[36,55171,303],{"class":50},[36,55173,55174],{"class":24783},"clear\n",[36,55176,55177,55179,55181,55183],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,55178,142],{"class":141},[36,55180,145],{"class":50},[36,55182,1369],{"class":148},[36,55184,152],{"class":50},[14,55186,182],{},[26,55188,55190],{"className":28,"code":55189,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[33,55191,55192],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,55193,55194,55196,55198,55200,55202,55204,55206],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,55195,3941],{"class":50},[36,55197,55],{"class":54},[36,55199,58],{"class":50},[36,55201,61],{"class":54},[36,55203,58],{"class":50},[36,55205,66],{"class":54},[36,55207,1355],{"class":50},[14,55209,55210],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[14,55212,10837],{},[26,55214,55216],{"className":28,"code":55215,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[33,55217,55218,55238,55242,55252],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,55219,55220,55222,55224,55226,55228,55230,55232,55234,55236],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,55221,1328],{"class":42},[36,55223,47],{"class":46},[36,55225,1333],{"class":50},[36,55227,55],{"class":54},[36,55229,58],{"class":50},[36,55231,61],{"class":54},[36,55233,58],{"class":50},[36,55235,66],{"class":54},[36,55237,1355],{"class":50},[36,55239,55240],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,55241,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,55243,55244,55246,55248,55250],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,55245,1369],{"class":42},[36,55247,303],{"class":50},[36,55249,11413],{"class":148},[36,55251,128],{"class":50},[36,55253,55254,55256,55258,55260,55262],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,55255,142],{"class":141},[36,55257,145],{"class":50},[36,55259,1369],{"class":148},[36,55261,3703],{"class":50},[36,55263,54445],{"class":1617},[376,55265,8489,55267,55269],{"id":55266},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[33,55268,11351],{}," to return the emptied list",[14,55271,55272,2448,55274,55276],{},[33,55273,11351],{},[33,55275,3822],{},", not the list.",[26,55278,55280],{"className":28,"code":55279,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[33,55281,55282,55302,55316,55320,55332],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,55283,55284,55286,55288,55290,55292,55294,55296,55298,55300],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,55285,1328],{"class":42},[36,55287,47],{"class":46},[36,55289,1333],{"class":50},[36,55291,55],{"class":54},[36,55293,58],{"class":50},[36,55295,61],{"class":54},[36,55297,58],{"class":50},[36,55299,66],{"class":54},[36,55301,1355],{"class":50},[36,55303,55304,55306,55308,55310,55312,55314],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,55305,2280],{"class":42},[36,55307,47],{"class":46},[36,55309,6005],{"class":42},[36,55311,303],{"class":50},[36,55313,11413],{"class":148},[36,55315,128],{"class":50},[36,55317,55318],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,55319,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,55321,55322,55324,55326,55328,55330],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,55323,142],{"class":141},[36,55325,145],{"class":50},[36,55327,2315],{"class":148},[36,55329,3703],{"class":50},[36,55331,20908],{"class":1617},[36,55333,55334,55336,55338,55340,55342],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,55335,142],{"class":141},[36,55337,145],{"class":50},[36,55339,1369],{"class":148},[36,55341,3703],{"class":50},[36,55343,54693],{"class":1617},[376,55345,1462,55347,55349],{"id":55346},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[33,55348,11351],{}," on a value that is not a list",[14,55351,55352,55353,55355],{},"Some types have a ",[33,55354,11351],{}," method, but not all of them.",[14,55357,55358],{},"This will fail:",[26,55360,55362],{"className":28,"code":55361,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[33,55363,55364,55376],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,55365,55366,55368,55370,55372,55374],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,55367,34722],{"class":42},[36,55369,47],{"class":46},[36,55371,99],{"class":87},[36,55373,708],{"class":91},[36,55375,3403],{"class":87},[36,55377,55378,55380,55382,55384],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,55379,34743],{"class":42},[36,55381,303],{"class":50},[36,55383,11413],{"class":148},[36,55385,128],{"class":50},[14,55387,55388,55389,33634],{},"A string does not have a ",[33,55390,11351],{},[14,55392,55393,55394,55396],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[33,55395,3822],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[14,55398,55399],{},"Useful checks:",[26,55401,55403],{"className":28,"code":55402,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[33,55404,55405,55415,55429,55443,55452,55462],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,55406,55407,55409,55411,55413],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,55408,142],{"class":141},[36,55410,145],{"class":50},[36,55412,8375],{"class":148},[36,55414,152],{"class":50},[36,55416,55417,55419,55421,55423,55425,55427],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,55418,142],{"class":141},[36,55420,145],{"class":50},[36,55422,818],{"class":80},[36,55424,145],{"class":50},[36,55426,8375],{"class":148},[36,55428,445],{"class":50},[36,55430,55431,55433,55435,55437,55439,55441],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,55432,142],{"class":141},[36,55434,145],{"class":50},[36,55436,12680],{"class":141},[36,55438,145],{"class":50},[36,55440,8375],{"class":148},[36,55442,445],{"class":50},[36,55444,55445,55447,55449],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,55446,43587],{"class":42},[36,55448,47],{"class":46},[36,55450,55451],{"class":42}," my_list\n",[36,55453,55454,55456,55458,55460],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,55455,8375],{"class":42},[36,55457,303],{"class":50},[36,55459,11413],{"class":148},[36,55461,128],{"class":50},[36,55463,55464,55466,55468,55470],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,55465,142],{"class":141},[36,55467,145],{"class":50},[36,55469,30776],{"class":148},[36,55471,152],{"class":50},[14,55473,55474],{},"These can help you see:",[246,55476,55477,55480,55483],{},[249,55478,55479],{},"What the variable currently contains",[249,55481,55482],{},"Whether it is really a list",[249,55484,55485],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[14,55487,55488,55489,303],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[294,55490,55491],{"href":54335},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[21,55493,1872],{"id":1871},[376,55495,12735,55497,55499],{"id":55496},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[33,55498,54388],{}," delete the list?",[14,55501,55502],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[376,55504,12735,55506,55508],{"id":55505},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[33,55507,54388],{}," return a new list?",[14,55510,55511,55512,55514],{},"No. It returns ",[33,55513,3822],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[376,55516,5220,55518,482,55520,2541],{"id":55517},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[33,55519,11351],{},[33,55521,54896],{},[14,55523,55524,55526,55527,55529],{},[33,55525,11351],{}," empties the same list object. ",[33,55528,54896],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[376,55531,28363,55533,55535],{"id":55532},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[33,55534,11351],{}," on other types?",[14,55537,55538,55539,55541],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[33,55540,11351],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[21,55543,1923],{"id":1922},[246,55545,55546,55550,55555,55562,55569,55575],{},[249,55547,55548],{},[294,55549,52810],{"href":54609},[249,55551,55552],{},[294,55553,55554],{"href":55106},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[249,55556,55557],{},[294,55558,55559,55560,1939],{"href":55118},"Python list ",[33,55561,12794],{},[249,55563,55564],{},[294,55565,55559,55566,1939],{"href":55111},[33,55567,55568],{},"remove()",[249,55570,55571],{},[294,55572,55559,55573,1939],{"href":54999},[33,55574,12808],{},[249,55576,55577],{},[294,55578,30381,55579,33667],{"href":54335},[33,55580,55581],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1962,55583,55584],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":55586},[55587,55588,55590,55591,55592,55593,55600,55601,55609,55619],{"id":23,"depth":72,"text":24},{"id":54453,"depth":72,"text":55589},"What list.clear() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":11504,"depth":72,"text":11505},{"id":17448,"depth":72,"text":17449},{"id":54767,"depth":72,"text":55594,"children":55595},"clear() vs assigning []",[55596,55598],{"id":54805,"depth":118,"text":55597},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54893,"depth":118,"text":55599},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12468,"depth":72,"text":12840},{"id":4556,"depth":72,"text":4557,"children":55602},[55603,55605,55607],{"id":55126,"depth":118,"text":55604},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55266,"depth":118,"text":55606},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55346,"depth":118,"text":55608},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":55610},[55611,55613,55615,55617],{"id":55496,"depth":118,"text":55612},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55505,"depth":118,"text":55614},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55517,"depth":118,"text":55616},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55532,"depth":118,"text":55618},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54375,"description":55620},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55627,"title":55628,"body":55629,"description":57312,"extension":2009,"meta":57313,"navigation":134,"path":57314,"seo":57315,"stem":57316,"__hash__":57317},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55630,"toc":57280},[55631,55636,55642,55650,55652,55741,55748,55753,55757,55771,55773,55850,55852,55913,55916,55918,55920,55941,55944,55958,55961,56006,56008,56016,56019,56025,56031,56034,56111,56113,56158,56161,56166,56249,56251,56292,56297,56301,56307,56309,56317,56320,56413,56415,56473,56476,56492,56497,56505,56510,56512,56517,56522,56525,56527,56584,56587,56640,56646,56651,56655,56672,56674,56758,56760,56801,56809,56811,56816,56822,56824,56887,56892,56962,56966,57001,57004,57006,57045,57049,57125,57131,57137,57142,57164,57167,57186,57194,57196,57202,57205,57212,57220,57225,57228,57232,57238,57246,57249,57251,57277],[10,55632,54381,55634,11352],{"id":55633},"python-list-copy-method",[33,55635,12808],{},[14,55637,55638,55641],{},[33,55639,55640],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[14,55643,55644,55645,14086,55647,55649],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[33,55646,47],{},[180,55648,870],{}," make a real copy.",[21,55651,2051],{"id":2050},[26,55653,55655],{"className":28,"code":55654,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[33,55656,55657,55677,55692,55696,55711,55715,55728],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,55658,55659,55661,55663,55665,55667,55669,55671,55673,55675],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,55660,43],{"class":42},[36,55662,47],{"class":46},[36,55664,1333],{"class":50},[36,55666,55],{"class":54},[36,55668,58],{"class":50},[36,55670,61],{"class":54},[36,55672,58],{"class":50},[36,55674,66],{"class":54},[36,55676,1355],{"class":50},[36,55678,55679,55682,55684,55686,55688,55690],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,55680,55681],{"class":42},"new_numbers ",[36,55683,47],{"class":46},[36,55685,4301],{"class":42},[36,55687,303],{"class":50},[36,55689,12943],{"class":148},[36,55691,128],{"class":50},[36,55693,55694],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,55695,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,55697,55698,55701,55703,55705,55707,55709],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,55699,55700],{"class":42},"new_numbers",[36,55702,303],{"class":50},[36,55704,13586],{"class":148},[36,55706,145],{"class":50},[36,55708,2554],{"class":54},[36,55710,152],{"class":50},[36,55712,55713],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,55714,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,55716,55717,55719,55721,55723,55725],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,55718,142],{"class":141},[36,55720,145],{"class":50},[36,55722,149],{"class":148},[36,55724,3703],{"class":50},[36,55726,55727],{"class":1617},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[36,55729,55730,55732,55734,55736,55738],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,55731,142],{"class":141},[36,55733,145],{"class":50},[36,55735,55700],{"class":148},[36,55737,3703],{"class":50},[36,55739,55740],{"class":1617},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,55742,495,55743,55745,55746,303],{},[33,55744,55640],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[180,55747,12882],{},[21,55749,3720,55751,3723],{"id":55750},"what-listcopy-does",[33,55752,55640],{},[14,55754,55755,1213],{},[33,55756,55640],{},[246,55758,55759,55762,55765,55768],{},[249,55760,55761],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[249,55763,55764],{},"Returns that new list",[249,55766,55767],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[249,55769,55770],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[14,55772,2257],{},[26,55774,55776],{"className":28,"code":55775,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[33,55777,55778,55810,55825,55829,55839],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,55779,55780,55782,55784,55786,55788,55790,55792,55794,55796,55798,55800,55802,55804,55806,55808],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,55781,36273],{"class":42},[36,55783,47],{"class":46},[36,55785,1333],{"class":50},[36,55787,88],{"class":87},[36,55789,92],{"class":91},[36,55791,88],{"class":87},[36,55793,58],{"class":50},[36,55795,99],{"class":87},[36,55797,102],{"class":91},[36,55799,88],{"class":87},[36,55801,58],{"class":50},[36,55803,99],{"class":87},[36,55805,1005],{"class":91},[36,55807,88],{"class":87},[36,55809,1355],{"class":50},[36,55811,55812,55815,55817,55819,55821,55823],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,55813,55814],{"class":42},"copied_fruits ",[36,55816,47],{"class":46},[36,55818,52890],{"class":42},[36,55820,303],{"class":50},[36,55822,12943],{"class":148},[36,55824,128],{"class":50},[36,55826,55827],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,55828,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,55830,55831,55833,55835,55837],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,55832,142],{"class":141},[36,55834,145],{"class":50},[36,55836,36325],{"class":148},[36,55838,152],{"class":50},[36,55840,55841,55843,55845,55848],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,55842,142],{"class":141},[36,55844,145],{"class":50},[36,55846,55847],{"class":148},"copied_fruits",[36,55849,152],{"class":50},[14,55851,182],{},[26,55853,55855],{"className":28,"code":55854,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[33,55856,55857,55885],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,55858,55859,55861,55863,55865,55867,55869,55871,55873,55875,55877,55879,55881,55883],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,55860,3941],{"class":50},[36,55862,211],{"class":87},[36,55864,92],{"class":91},[36,55866,211],{"class":87},[36,55868,58],{"class":50},[36,55870,220],{"class":87},[36,55872,102],{"class":91},[36,55874,211],{"class":87},[36,55876,58],{"class":50},[36,55878,220],{"class":87},[36,55880,1005],{"class":91},[36,55882,211],{"class":87},[36,55884,1355],{"class":50},[36,55886,55887,55889,55891,55893,55895,55897,55899,55901,55903,55905,55907,55909,55911],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,55888,3941],{"class":50},[36,55890,211],{"class":87},[36,55892,92],{"class":91},[36,55894,211],{"class":87},[36,55896,58],{"class":50},[36,55898,220],{"class":87},[36,55900,102],{"class":91},[36,55902,211],{"class":87},[36,55904,58],{"class":50},[36,55906,220],{"class":87},[36,55908,1005],{"class":91},[36,55910,211],{"class":87},[36,55912,1355],{"class":50},[14,55914,55915],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[21,55917,2205],{"id":2204},[14,55919,2208],{},[26,55921,55923],{"className":28,"code":55922,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[33,55924,55925],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,55926,55927,55930,55932,55935,55937,55939],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,55928,55929],{"class":42},"new_list ",[36,55931,47],{"class":46},[36,55933,55934],{"class":42}," old_list",[36,55936,303],{"class":50},[36,55938,12943],{"class":148},[36,55940,128],{"class":50},[14,55942,55943],{},"How it works:",[246,55945,55946,55952,55955],{},[249,55947,55948,55949,55951],{},"Call ",[33,55950,12808],{}," on an existing list",[249,55953,55954],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[249,55956,55957],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[14,55959,55960],{},"Example with an empty list:",[26,55962,55964],{"className":28,"code":55963,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[33,55965,55966,55975,55991,55995],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,55967,55968,55971,55973],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,55969,55970],{"class":42},"empty_list ",[36,55972,47],{"class":46},[36,55974,7874],{"class":50},[36,55976,55977,55980,55982,55985,55987,55989],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,55978,55979],{"class":42},"new_empty_list ",[36,55981,47],{"class":46},[36,55983,55984],{"class":42}," empty_list",[36,55986,303],{"class":50},[36,55988,12943],{"class":148},[36,55990,128],{"class":50},[36,55992,55993],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,55994,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,55996,55997,55999,56001,56004],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,55998,142],{"class":141},[36,56000,145],{"class":50},[36,56002,56003],{"class":148},"new_empty_list",[36,56005,152],{"class":50},[14,56007,182],{},[26,56009,56010],{"className":28,"code":38333,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,56011,56012],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,56013,56014],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,56015,38333],{"class":50},[14,56017,56018],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[21,56020,56022,56023],{"id":56021},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[33,56024,47],{},[14,56026,1462,56027,14086,56029,52706],{},[33,56028,47],{},[180,56030,870],{},[14,56032,56033],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[26,56035,56037],{"className":28,"code":56036,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[33,56038,56039,56059,56068,56072,56087,56091,56101],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,56040,56041,56043,56045,56047,56049,56051,56053,56055,56057],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,56042,43],{"class":42},[36,56044,47],{"class":46},[36,56046,1333],{"class":50},[36,56048,55],{"class":54},[36,56050,58],{"class":50},[36,56052,61],{"class":54},[36,56054,58],{"class":50},[36,56056,66],{"class":54},[36,56058,1355],{"class":50},[36,56060,56061,56064,56066],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,56062,56063],{"class":42},"same_list ",[36,56065,47],{"class":46},[36,56067,44020],{"class":42},[36,56069,56070],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,56071,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,56073,56074,56077,56079,56081,56083,56085],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,56075,56076],{"class":42},"same_list",[36,56078,303],{"class":50},[36,56080,13586],{"class":148},[36,56082,145],{"class":50},[36,56084,2554],{"class":54},[36,56086,152],{"class":50},[36,56088,56089],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,56090,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,56092,56093,56095,56097,56099],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,56094,142],{"class":141},[36,56096,145],{"class":50},[36,56098,149],{"class":148},[36,56100,152],{"class":50},[36,56102,56103,56105,56107,56109],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,56104,142],{"class":141},[36,56106,145],{"class":50},[36,56108,56076],{"class":148},[36,56110,152],{"class":50},[14,56112,182],{},[26,56114,56116],{"className":28,"code":56115,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[33,56117,56118,56138],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,56119,56120,56122,56124,56126,56128,56130,56132,56134,56136],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,56121,3941],{"class":50},[36,56123,55],{"class":54},[36,56125,58],{"class":50},[36,56127,61],{"class":54},[36,56129,58],{"class":50},[36,56131,66],{"class":54},[36,56133,58],{"class":50},[36,56135,559],{"class":54},[36,56137,1355],{"class":50},[36,56139,56140,56142,56144,56146,56148,56150,56152,56154,56156],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,56141,3941],{"class":50},[36,56143,55],{"class":54},[36,56145,58],{"class":50},[36,56147,61],{"class":54},[36,56149,58],{"class":50},[36,56151,66],{"class":54},[36,56153,58],{"class":50},[36,56155,559],{"class":54},[36,56157,1355],{"class":50},[14,56159,56160],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[14,56162,56163,56164,1213],{},"Now compare that with ",[33,56165,12808],{},[26,56167,56169],{"className":28,"code":56168,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[33,56170,56171,56191,56206,56210,56225,56229,56239],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,56172,56173,56175,56177,56179,56181,56183,56185,56187,56189],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,56174,43],{"class":42},[36,56176,47],{"class":46},[36,56178,1333],{"class":50},[36,56180,55],{"class":54},[36,56182,58],{"class":50},[36,56184,61],{"class":54},[36,56186,58],{"class":50},[36,56188,66],{"class":54},[36,56190,1355],{"class":50},[36,56192,56193,56196,56198,56200,56202,56204],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,56194,56195],{"class":42},"copied_numbers ",[36,56197,47],{"class":46},[36,56199,4301],{"class":42},[36,56201,303],{"class":50},[36,56203,12943],{"class":148},[36,56205,128],{"class":50},[36,56207,56208],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,56209,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,56211,56212,56215,56217,56219,56221,56223],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,56213,56214],{"class":42},"copied_numbers",[36,56216,303],{"class":50},[36,56218,13586],{"class":148},[36,56220,145],{"class":50},[36,56222,2554],{"class":54},[36,56224,152],{"class":50},[36,56226,56227],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,56228,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,56230,56231,56233,56235,56237],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,56232,142],{"class":141},[36,56234,145],{"class":50},[36,56236,149],{"class":148},[36,56238,152],{"class":50},[36,56240,56241,56243,56245,56247],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,56242,142],{"class":141},[36,56244,145],{"class":50},[36,56246,56214],{"class":148},[36,56248,152],{"class":50},[14,56250,182],{},[26,56252,56254],{"className":28,"code":56253,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[33,56255,56256,56272],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,56257,56258,56260,56262,56264,56266,56268,56270],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,56259,3941],{"class":50},[36,56261,55],{"class":54},[36,56263,58],{"class":50},[36,56265,61],{"class":54},[36,56267,58],{"class":50},[36,56269,66],{"class":54},[36,56271,1355],{"class":50},[36,56273,56274,56276,56278,56280,56282,56284,56286,56288,56290],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,56275,3941],{"class":50},[36,56277,55],{"class":54},[36,56279,58],{"class":50},[36,56281,61],{"class":54},[36,56283,58],{"class":50},[36,56285,66],{"class":54},[36,56287,58],{"class":50},[36,56289,559],{"class":54},[36,56291,1355],{"class":50},[14,56293,56294,56295,303],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[294,56296,52810],{"href":51018},[21,56298,56300],{"id":56299},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[14,56302,56303,12879,56305,303],{},[33,56304,55640],{},[180,56306,12882],{},[14,56308,2153],{},[246,56310,56311,56314],{},[249,56312,56313],{},"The outer list is new",[249,56315,56316],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[14,56318,56319],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[26,56321,56323],{"className":28,"code":56322,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[33,56324,56325,56352,56366,56370,56389,56393,56403],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,56326,56327,56329,56331,56334,56336,56338,56340,56342,56344,56346,56348,56350],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,56328,12116],{"class":42},[36,56330,47],{"class":46},[36,56332,56333],{"class":50}," [[",[36,56335,55],{"class":54},[36,56337,58],{"class":50},[36,56339,61],{"class":54},[36,56341,18093],{"class":50},[36,56343,1333],{"class":50},[36,56345,485],{"class":54},[36,56347,58],{"class":50},[36,56349,559],{"class":54},[36,56351,53281],{"class":50},[36,56353,56354,56356,56358,56360,56362,56364],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,56355,14344],{"class":42},[36,56357,47],{"class":46},[36,56359,12191],{"class":42},[36,56361,303],{"class":50},[36,56363,12943],{"class":148},[36,56365,128],{"class":50},[36,56367,56368],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,56369,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,56371,56372,56374,56376,56378,56380,56382,56384,56387],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,56373,14363],{"class":42},[36,56375,3941],{"class":50},[36,56377,2166],{"class":54},[36,56379,13583],{"class":50},[36,56381,13586],{"class":148},[36,56383,145],{"class":50},[36,56385,56386],{"class":54},"99",[36,56388,152],{"class":50},[36,56390,56391],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,56392,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,56394,56395,56397,56399,56401],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,56396,142],{"class":141},[36,56398,145],{"class":50},[36,56400,12163],{"class":148},[36,56402,152],{"class":50},[36,56404,56405,56407,56409,56411],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,56406,142],{"class":141},[36,56408,145],{"class":50},[36,56410,14363],{"class":148},[36,56412,152],{"class":50},[14,56414,182],{},[26,56416,56418],{"className":28,"code":56417,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[33,56419,56420,56447],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,56421,56422,56425,56427,56429,56431,56433,56435,56437,56439,56441,56443,56445],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,56423,56424],{"class":50},"[[",[36,56426,55],{"class":54},[36,56428,58],{"class":50},[36,56430,61],{"class":54},[36,56432,58],{"class":50},[36,56434,10227],{"class":54},[36,56436,18093],{"class":50},[36,56438,1333],{"class":50},[36,56440,485],{"class":54},[36,56442,58],{"class":50},[36,56444,559],{"class":54},[36,56446,53281],{"class":50},[36,56448,56449,56451,56453,56455,56457,56459,56461,56463,56465,56467,56469,56471],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,56450,56424],{"class":50},[36,56452,55],{"class":54},[36,56454,58],{"class":50},[36,56456,61],{"class":54},[36,56458,58],{"class":50},[36,56460,10227],{"class":54},[36,56462,18093],{"class":50},[36,56464,1333],{"class":50},[36,56466,485],{"class":54},[36,56468,58],{"class":50},[36,56470,559],{"class":54},[36,56472,53281],{"class":50},[14,56474,56475],{},"Why did both change?",[246,56477,56478,56485],{},[249,56479,56480,482,56482,56484],{},[33,56481,12163],{},[33,56483,14363],{}," are different outer lists",[249,56486,56487,56488,56491],{},"But the inner list ",[33,56489,56490],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[14,56493,53692,56494,56496],{},[33,56495,12808],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[246,56498,56499,56501,56503],{},[249,56500,1096],{},[249,56502,512],{},[249,56504,1103],{},[14,56506,56507,56508,303],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[294,56509,13823],{"href":13822},[21,56511,17449],{"id":17448},[14,56513,56514,56516],{},[33,56515,55640],{}," returns a new list.",[14,56518,40942,56519,56521],{},[180,56520,870],{}," change the original list by itself.",[14,56523,56524],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[14,56526,16685],{},[26,56528,56530],{"className":28,"code":56529,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[33,56531,56532,56556,56570,56574],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,56533,56534,56536,56538,56540,56542,56544,56546,56548,56550,56552,56554],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,56535,13108],{"class":42},[36,56537,47],{"class":46},[36,56539,1333],{"class":50},[36,56541,88],{"class":87},[36,56543,13125],{"class":91},[36,56545,88],{"class":87},[36,56547,58],{"class":50},[36,56549,99],{"class":87},[36,56551,13142],{"class":91},[36,56553,88],{"class":87},[36,56555,1355],{"class":50},[36,56557,56558,56560,56562,56564,56566,56568],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,56559,13151],{"class":42},[36,56561,47],{"class":46},[36,56563,13156],{"class":42},[36,56565,303],{"class":50},[36,56567,12943],{"class":148},[36,56569,128],{"class":50},[36,56571,56572],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,56573,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,56575,56576,56578,56580,56582],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,56577,142],{"class":141},[36,56579,145],{"class":50},[36,56581,13175],{"class":148},[36,56583,152],{"class":50},[14,56585,56586],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[26,56588,56590],{"className":28,"code":56589,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[33,56591,56592,56616,56626,56630],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,56593,56594,56596,56598,56600,56602,56604,56606,56608,56610,56612,56614],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,56595,13108],{"class":42},[36,56597,47],{"class":46},[36,56599,1333],{"class":50},[36,56601,88],{"class":87},[36,56603,13125],{"class":91},[36,56605,88],{"class":87},[36,56607,58],{"class":50},[36,56609,99],{"class":87},[36,56611,13142],{"class":91},[36,56613,88],{"class":87},[36,56615,1355],{"class":50},[36,56617,56618,56620,56622,56624],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,56619,17533],{"class":42},[36,56621,303],{"class":50},[36,56623,12943],{"class":148},[36,56625,128],{"class":50},[36,56627,56628],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,56629,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,56631,56632,56634,56636,56638],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,56633,142],{"class":141},[36,56635,145],{"class":50},[36,56637,17533],{"class":148},[36,56639,152],{"class":50},[14,56641,56642,56643,56645],{},"In the second example, ",[33,56644,12808],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[21,56647,5000,56649],{"id":56648},"when-to-use-listcopy",[33,56650,55640],{},[14,56652,495,56653,10631],{},[33,56654,55640],{},[246,56656,56657,56660,56663,56666],{},[249,56658,56659],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[249,56661,56662],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[249,56664,56665],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[249,56667,56668,56669],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[33,56670,56671],{},"[:]",[14,56673,2257],{},[26,56675,56677],{"className":28,"code":56676,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[33,56678,56679,56699,56714,56718,56733,56737,56747],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,56680,56681,56683,56685,56687,56689,56691,56693,56695,56697],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,56682,5103],{"class":42},[36,56684,47],{"class":46},[36,56686,1333],{"class":50},[36,56688,631],{"class":54},[36,56690,58],{"class":50},[36,56692,636],{"class":54},[36,56694,58],{"class":50},[36,56696,645],{"class":54},[36,56698,1355],{"class":50},[36,56700,56701,56704,56706,56708,56710,56712],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,56702,56703],{"class":42},"backup_scores ",[36,56705,47],{"class":46},[36,56707,5150],{"class":42},[36,56709,303],{"class":50},[36,56711,12943],{"class":148},[36,56713,128],{"class":50},[36,56715,56716],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,56717,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,56719,56720,56722,56724,56726,56728,56731],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,56721,16418],{"class":42},[36,56723,303],{"class":50},[36,56725,13586],{"class":148},[36,56727,145],{"class":50},[36,56729,56730],{"class":54},"40",[36,56732,152],{"class":50},[36,56734,56735],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,56736,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,56738,56739,56741,56743,56745],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,56740,142],{"class":141},[36,56742,145],{"class":50},[36,56744,16418],{"class":148},[36,56746,152],{"class":50},[36,56748,56749,56751,56753,56756],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,56750,142],{"class":141},[36,56752,145],{"class":50},[36,56754,56755],{"class":148},"backup_scores",[36,56757,152],{"class":50},[14,56759,182],{},[26,56761,56763],{"className":28,"code":56762,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[33,56764,56765,56785],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,56766,56767,56769,56771,56773,56775,56777,56779,56781,56783],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,56768,3941],{"class":50},[36,56770,631],{"class":54},[36,56772,58],{"class":50},[36,56774,636],{"class":54},[36,56776,58],{"class":50},[36,56778,645],{"class":54},[36,56780,58],{"class":50},[36,56782,50882],{"class":54},[36,56784,1355],{"class":50},[36,56786,56787,56789,56791,56793,56795,56797,56799],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,56788,3941],{"class":50},[36,56790,631],{"class":54},[36,56792,58],{"class":50},[36,56794,636],{"class":54},[36,56796,58],{"class":50},[36,56798,645],{"class":54},[36,56800,1355],{"class":50},[14,56802,56803,56804,303],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[294,56805,55559,56807,1939],{"href":56806},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[33,56808,52691],{},[21,56810,4557],{"id":4556},[14,56812,56813,56814,303],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[33,56815,55640],{},[376,56817,1462,56819,56821],{"id":56818},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[33,56820,47],{}," and expecting a real copy",[14,56823,39235],{},[26,56825,56827],{"className":28,"code":56826,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[33,56828,56829,56849,56857,56871,56875],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,56830,56831,56833,56835,56837,56839,56841,56843,56845,56847],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,56832,2604],{"class":42},[36,56834,47],{"class":46},[36,56836,1333],{"class":50},[36,56838,55],{"class":54},[36,56840,58],{"class":50},[36,56842,61],{"class":54},[36,56844,58],{"class":50},[36,56846,66],{"class":54},[36,56848,1355],{"class":50},[36,56850,56851,56853,56855],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,56852,2632],{"class":42},[36,56854,47],{"class":46},[36,56856,36210],{"class":42},[36,56858,56859,56861,56863,56865,56867,56869],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,56860,1707],{"class":42},[36,56862,303],{"class":50},[36,56864,13586],{"class":148},[36,56866,145],{"class":50},[36,56868,2554],{"class":54},[36,56870,152],{"class":50},[36,56872,56873],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,56874,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,56876,56877,56879,56881,56883,56885],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,56878,142],{"class":141},[36,56880,145],{"class":50},[36,56882,294],{"class":148},[36,56884,3703],{"class":50},[36,56886,55740],{"class":1617},[14,56888,56889,56890,1524],{},"Fix: use ",[33,56891,12808],{},[26,56893,56895],{"className":28,"code":56894,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[33,56896,56897,56917,56932,56946,56950],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,56898,56899,56901,56903,56905,56907,56909,56911,56913,56915],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,56900,2604],{"class":42},[36,56902,47],{"class":46},[36,56904,1333],{"class":50},[36,56906,55],{"class":54},[36,56908,58],{"class":50},[36,56910,61],{"class":54},[36,56912,58],{"class":50},[36,56914,66],{"class":54},[36,56916,1355],{"class":50},[36,56918,56919,56921,56923,56926,56928,56930],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,56920,2632],{"class":42},[36,56922,47],{"class":46},[36,56924,56925],{"class":42}," a",[36,56927,303],{"class":50},[36,56929,12943],{"class":148},[36,56931,128],{"class":50},[36,56933,56934,56936,56938,56940,56942,56944],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,56935,1707],{"class":42},[36,56937,303],{"class":50},[36,56939,13586],{"class":148},[36,56941,145],{"class":50},[36,56943,2554],{"class":54},[36,56945,152],{"class":50},[36,56947,56948],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,56949,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,56951,56952,56954,56956,56958,56960],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,56953,142],{"class":141},[36,56955,145],{"class":50},[36,56957,294],{"class":148},[36,56959,3703],{"class":50},[36,56961,54971],{"class":1617},[376,56963,56965],{"id":56964},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[26,56967,56969],{"className":28,"code":56968,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[33,56970,56971,56991],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,56972,56973,56975,56977,56979,56981,56983,56985,56987,56989],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,56974,43],{"class":42},[36,56976,47],{"class":46},[36,56978,1333],{"class":50},[36,56980,55],{"class":54},[36,56982,58],{"class":50},[36,56984,61],{"class":54},[36,56986,58],{"class":50},[36,56988,66],{"class":54},[36,56990,1355],{"class":50},[36,56992,56993,56995,56997,56999],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,56994,149],{"class":42},[36,56996,303],{"class":50},[36,56998,12943],{"class":148},[36,57000,128],{"class":50},[14,57002,57003],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[14,57005,39298],{},[26,57007,57009],{"className":28,"code":57008,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[33,57010,57011,57031],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,57012,57013,57015,57017,57019,57021,57023,57025,57027,57029],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,57014,43],{"class":42},[36,57016,47],{"class":46},[36,57018,1333],{"class":50},[36,57020,55],{"class":54},[36,57022,58],{"class":50},[36,57024,61],{"class":54},[36,57026,58],{"class":50},[36,57028,66],{"class":54},[36,57030,1355],{"class":50},[36,57032,57033,57035,57037,57039,57041,57043],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,57034,56195],{"class":42},[36,57036,47],{"class":46},[36,57038,4301],{"class":42},[36,57040,303],{"class":50},[36,57042,12943],{"class":148},[36,57044,128],{"class":50},[376,57046,57048],{"id":57047},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[26,57050,57052],{"className":28,"code":57051,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[33,57053,57054,57072,57086,57090,57108,57112],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,57055,57056,57058,57060,57062,57064,57066,57068,57070],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,57057,2604],{"class":42},[36,57059,47],{"class":46},[36,57061,56333],{"class":50},[36,57063,55],{"class":54},[36,57065,18093],{"class":50},[36,57067,1333],{"class":50},[36,57069,481],{"class":54},[36,57071,53281],{"class":50},[36,57073,57074,57076,57078,57080,57082,57084],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,57075,2632],{"class":42},[36,57077,47],{"class":46},[36,57079,56925],{"class":42},[36,57081,303],{"class":50},[36,57083,12943],{"class":148},[36,57085,128],{"class":50},[36,57087,57088],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,57089,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,57091,57092,57094,57096,57098,57100,57102,57104,57106],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,57093,1707],{"class":42},[36,57095,3941],{"class":50},[36,57097,2166],{"class":54},[36,57099,13583],{"class":50},[36,57101,13586],{"class":148},[36,57103,145],{"class":50},[36,57105,56386],{"class":54},[36,57107,152],{"class":50},[36,57109,57110],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,57111,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,57113,57114,57116,57118,57120,57122],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,57115,142],{"class":141},[36,57117,145],{"class":50},[36,57119,294],{"class":148},[36,57121,3703],{"class":50},[36,57123,57124],{"class":1617},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[14,57126,57127,57128,57130],{},"Fix: remember that ",[33,57129,55640],{}," is shallow.",[376,57132,25650,57134,57136],{"id":57133},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[33,57135,12808],{}," on the wrong data type",[14,57138,57139,57141],{},[33,57140,12808],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[26,57143,57145],{"className":28,"code":57144,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[33,57146,57147,57159],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,57148,57149,57151,57153,57155,57157],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,57150,7912],{"class":42},[36,57152,47],{"class":46},[36,57154,99],{"class":87},[36,57156,5043],{"class":91},[36,57158,3403],{"class":87},[36,57160,57161],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,57162,57163],{"class":1617},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[14,57165,57166],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[26,57168,57170],{"className":28,"code":57169,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(type(name))\n",[33,57171,57172],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,57173,57174,57176,57178,57180,57182,57184],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,57175,142],{"class":141},[36,57177,145],{"class":50},[36,57179,818],{"class":80},[36,57181,145],{"class":50},[36,57183,1250],{"class":148},[36,57185,445],{"class":50},[14,57187,57188,57189,57193],{},"You can also review ",[294,57190,57192],{"href":57191},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[21,57195,1872],{"id":1871},[376,57197,12735,57199,57201],{"id":57198},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[33,57200,55640],{}," change the original list?",[14,57203,57204],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[376,57206,5220,57208,482,57210,2541],{"id":57207},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[33,57209,55640],{},[33,57211,47],{},[14,57213,57214,57216,57217,57219],{},[33,57215,12808],{}," creates a new list. ",[33,57218,47],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[376,57221,14936,57223,14939],{"id":57222},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[33,57224,55640],{},[14,57226,57227],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[376,57229,57231],{"id":57230},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[14,57233,42189,57234,57237],{},[33,57235,57236],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[376,57239,14936,57241,57243,57244,2541],{"id":57240},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[33,57242,55640],{}," the same as ",[33,57245,56671],{},[14,57247,57248],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[21,57250,1923],{"id":1922},[246,57252,57253,57258,57262,57267,57273],{},[249,57254,57255],{},[294,57256,14998],{"href":57257},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[249,57259,57260],{},[294,57261,52810],{"href":51018},[249,57263,57264],{},[294,57265,57266],{"href":57191},"Creating a list in Python",[249,57268,57269],{},[294,57270,55559,57271,1939],{"href":56806},[33,57272,52691],{},[249,57274,57275],{},[294,57276,13823],{"href":13822},[1962,57278,57279],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":57281},[57282,57283,57285,57286,57288,57289,57290,57292,57300,57311],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":55750,"depth":72,"text":57284},"What list.copy() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":56021,"depth":72,"text":57287},"Why not use =",{"id":56299,"depth":72,"text":56300},{"id":17448,"depth":72,"text":17449},{"id":56648,"depth":72,"text":57291},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4556,"depth":72,"text":4557,"children":57293},[57294,57296,57297,57298],{"id":56818,"depth":118,"text":57295},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56964,"depth":118,"text":56965},{"id":57047,"depth":118,"text":57048},{"id":57133,"depth":118,"text":57299},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":57301},[57302,57304,57306,57308,57309],{"id":57198,"depth":118,"text":57303},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57207,"depth":118,"text":57305},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57222,"depth":118,"text":57307},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57230,"depth":118,"text":57231},{"id":57240,"depth":118,"text":57310},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55628,"description":57312},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57319,"title":57320,"body":57321,"description":59063,"extension":2009,"meta":59064,"navigation":134,"path":59065,"seo":59066,"stem":59067,"__hash__":59068},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57322,"toc":59022},[57323,57329,57335,57338,57349,57352,57354,57417,57423,57428,57432,57446,57449,57454,57459,57461,57463,57482,57494,57496,57563,57565,57573,57578,57580,57588,57591,57608,57610,57734,57745,57749,57754,57757,57759,57777,57781,57867,57876,57884,57953,57955,57958,57970,57975,57979,58050,58053,58057,58061,58126,58128,58136,58140,58223,58225,58233,58237,58298,58300,58308,58312,58399,58401,58409,58414,58419,58422,58433,58435,58520,58525,58534,58536,58540,58544,58549,58611,58615,58623,58629,58638,58643,58692,58695,58716,58720,58782,58789,58794,58797,58884,58887,58898,58901,58921,58923,58929,58932,58936,58940,58946,58949,58955,58962,58970,58981,58983,59019],[10,57324,54381,57326,11352],{"id":57325},"python-list-count-method",[33,57327,57328],{},"count()",[14,57330,57331,57334],{},[33,57332,57333],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[14,57336,57337],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[246,57339,57340,57343,57346],{},[249,57341,57342],{},"count one specific item",[249,57344,57345],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[249,57347,57348],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[14,57350,57351],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[21,57353,24],{"id":23},[26,57355,57357],{"className":28,"code":57356,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[33,57358,57359,57387,57405],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,57360,57361,57363,57365,57367,57369,57371,57373,57375,57377,57379,57381,57383,57385],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,57362,43],{"class":42},[36,57364,47],{"class":46},[36,57366,1333],{"class":50},[36,57368,55],{"class":54},[36,57370,58],{"class":50},[36,57372,61],{"class":54},[36,57374,58],{"class":50},[36,57376,61],{"class":54},[36,57378,58],{"class":50},[36,57380,66],{"class":54},[36,57382,58],{"class":50},[36,57384,61],{"class":54},[36,57386,1355],{"class":50},[36,57388,57389,57391,57393,57395,57397,57399,57401,57403],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,57390,2280],{"class":42},[36,57392,47],{"class":46},[36,57394,4301],{"class":42},[36,57396,303],{"class":50},[36,57398,41296],{"class":148},[36,57400,145],{"class":50},[36,57402,481],{"class":54},[36,57404,152],{"class":50},[36,57406,57407,57409,57411,57413,57415],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,57408,142],{"class":141},[36,57410,145],{"class":50},[36,57412,2315],{"class":148},[36,57414,3703],{"class":50},[36,57416,50809],{"class":1617},[14,57418,495,57419,57422],{},[33,57420,57421],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[21,57424,3720,57426,3723],{"id":57425},"what-listcount-does",[33,57427,57333],{},[14,57429,57430,1213],{},[33,57431,57333],{},[246,57433,57434,57437,57440,57443],{},[249,57435,57436],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[249,57438,57439],{},"returns an integer",[249,57441,57442],{},"does not change the original list",[249,57444,57445],{},"checks for exact matches",[14,57447,57448],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[14,57450,57451,57452,303],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[33,57453,485],{},[14,57455,57456,57457,303],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[33,57458,2166],{},[21,57460,2205],{"id":2204},[14,57462,2208],{},[26,57464,57466],{"className":28,"code":57465,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_list.count(value)\n",[33,57467,57468],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,57469,57470,57472,57474,57476,57478,57480],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,57471,8375],{"class":42},[36,57473,303],{"class":50},[36,57475,41296],{"class":148},[36,57477,145],{"class":50},[36,57479,1495],{"class":148},[36,57481,152],{"class":50},[246,57483,57484,57489],{},[249,57485,57486,57488],{},[33,57487,8375],{}," is the list you want to search",[249,57490,57491,57493],{},[33,57492,1495],{}," is the item you want to count",[14,57495,2257],{},[26,57497,57499],{"className":28,"code":57498,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[33,57500,57501,57541],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,57502,57503,57505,57507,57509,57511,57513,57515,57517,57519,57521,57523,57525,57527,57529,57531,57533,57535,57537,57539],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,57504,697],{"class":42},[36,57506,47],{"class":46},[36,57508,1333],{"class":50},[36,57510,88],{"class":87},[36,57512,294],{"class":91},[36,57514,88],{"class":87},[36,57516,58],{"class":50},[36,57518,99],{"class":87},[36,57520,1707],{"class":91},[36,57522,88],{"class":87},[36,57524,58],{"class":50},[36,57526,99],{"class":87},[36,57528,294],{"class":91},[36,57530,88],{"class":87},[36,57532,58],{"class":50},[36,57534,99],{"class":87},[36,57536,9770],{"class":91},[36,57538,88],{"class":87},[36,57540,1355],{"class":50},[36,57542,57543,57545,57547,57549,57551,57553,57555,57557,57559,57561],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,57544,142],{"class":141},[36,57546,145],{"class":50},[36,57548,721],{"class":148},[36,57550,303],{"class":50},[36,57552,41296],{"class":148},[36,57554,145],{"class":50},[36,57556,88],{"class":87},[36,57558,294],{"class":91},[36,57560,88],{"class":87},[36,57562,445],{"class":50},[14,57564,182],{},[26,57566,57567],{"className":28,"code":17086,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,57568,57569],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,57570,57571],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,57572,17086],{"class":54},[14,57574,57575,57576,303],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[33,57577,2166],{},[21,57579,38056],{"id":38055},[14,57581,57582,57583,57585,57586,303],{},"The return value from ",[33,57584,57328],{}," is always an ",[33,57587,2237],{},[14,57589,57590],{},"Possible results:",[246,57592,57593,57598,57603],{},[249,57594,57595,57597],{},[33,57596,2166],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[249,57599,57600,57602],{},[33,57601,55],{}," if it appears once",[249,57604,57605,57607],{},[33,57606,481],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[14,57609,2257],{},[26,57611,57613],{"className":28,"code":57612,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[33,57614,57615,57655,57659,57684,57709],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,57616,57617,57619,57621,57623,57625,57627,57629,57631,57633,57635,57637,57639,57641,57643,57645,57647,57649,57651,57653],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,57618,13108],{"class":42},[36,57620,47],{"class":46},[36,57622,1333],{"class":50},[36,57624,88],{"class":87},[36,57626,13125],{"class":91},[36,57628,88],{"class":87},[36,57630,58],{"class":50},[36,57632,99],{"class":87},[36,57634,13142],{"class":91},[36,57636,88],{"class":87},[36,57638,58],{"class":50},[36,57640,99],{"class":87},[36,57642,17486],{"class":91},[36,57644,88],{"class":87},[36,57646,58],{"class":50},[36,57648,99],{"class":87},[36,57650,13142],{"class":91},[36,57652,88],{"class":87},[36,57654,1355],{"class":50},[36,57656,57657],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,57658,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,57660,57661,57663,57665,57667,57669,57671,57673,57675,57677,57679,57681],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,57662,142],{"class":141},[36,57664,145],{"class":50},[36,57666,17533],{"class":148},[36,57668,303],{"class":50},[36,57670,41296],{"class":148},[36,57672,145],{"class":50},[36,57674,88],{"class":87},[36,57676,13142],{"class":91},[36,57678,88],{"class":87},[36,57680,5402],{"class":50},[36,57682,57683],{"class":1617},"   # 2\n",[36,57685,57686,57688,57690,57692,57694,57696,57698,57700,57702,57704,57706],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,57687,142],{"class":141},[36,57689,145],{"class":50},[36,57691,17533],{"class":148},[36,57693,303],{"class":50},[36,57695,41296],{"class":148},[36,57697,145],{"class":50},[36,57699,88],{"class":87},[36,57701,13125],{"class":91},[36,57703,88],{"class":87},[36,57705,5402],{"class":50},[36,57707,57708],{"class":1617},"    # 1\n",[36,57710,57711,57713,57715,57717,57719,57721,57723,57725,57727,57729,57731],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,57712,142],{"class":141},[36,57714,145],{"class":50},[36,57716,17533],{"class":148},[36,57718,303],{"class":50},[36,57720,41296],{"class":148},[36,57722,145],{"class":50},[36,57724,88],{"class":87},[36,57726,22556],{"class":91},[36,57728,88],{"class":87},[36,57730,5402],{"class":50},[36,57732,57733],{"class":1617}," # 0\n",[14,57735,57736,57737,57739,57740,57742,57743,303],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[33,57738,57328],{}," works, but using ",[33,57741,3924],{}," is often simpler. See ",[294,57744,6238],{"href":6237},[21,57746,57748],{"id":57747},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[14,57750,57751,57753],{},[33,57752,57333],{}," uses equality matching.",[14,57755,57756],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[14,57758,43688],{},[246,57760,57761,57764,57767,57774],{},[249,57762,57763],{},"matches are based on equality",[249,57765,57766],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[249,57768,57769,482,57771,57773],{},[33,57770,55],{},[33,57772,3649],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[249,57775,57776],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[376,57778,57780],{"id":57779},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[26,57782,57784],{"className":28,"code":57783,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[33,57785,57786,57819,57843],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,57787,57788,57790,57792,57794,57796,57798,57800,57802,57804,57807,57809,57811,57813,57815,57817],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,57789,75],{"class":42},[36,57791,47],{"class":46},[36,57793,1333],{"class":50},[36,57795,88],{"class":87},[36,57797,92],{"class":91},[36,57799,88],{"class":87},[36,57801,58],{"class":50},[36,57803,99],{"class":87},[36,57805,57806],{"class":91},"Apple",[36,57808,88],{"class":87},[36,57810,58],{"class":50},[36,57812,99],{"class":87},[36,57814,92],{"class":91},[36,57816,88],{"class":87},[36,57818,1355],{"class":50},[36,57820,57821,57823,57825,57827,57829,57831,57833,57835,57837,57839,57841],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,57822,142],{"class":141},[36,57824,145],{"class":50},[36,57826,162],{"class":148},[36,57828,303],{"class":50},[36,57830,41296],{"class":148},[36,57832,145],{"class":50},[36,57834,88],{"class":87},[36,57836,92],{"class":91},[36,57838,88],{"class":87},[36,57840,5402],{"class":50},[36,57842,51454],{"class":1617},[36,57844,57845,57847,57849,57851,57853,57855,57857,57859,57861,57863,57865],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,57846,142],{"class":141},[36,57848,145],{"class":50},[36,57850,162],{"class":148},[36,57852,303],{"class":50},[36,57854,41296],{"class":148},[36,57856,145],{"class":50},[36,57858,88],{"class":87},[36,57860,57806],{"class":91},[36,57862,88],{"class":87},[36,57864,5402],{"class":50},[36,57866,27814],{"class":1617},[14,57868,57869,482,57872,57875],{},[33,57870,57871],{},"\"apple\"",[33,57873,57874],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[376,57877,57879,482,57881,57883],{"id":57878},"_1-and-true-can-match",[33,57880,55],{},[33,57882,3649],{}," can match",[26,57885,57887],{"className":28,"code":57886,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[33,57888,57889,57913,57933],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,57890,57891,57893,57895,57897,57899,57901,57903,57905,57907,57909,57911],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,57892,621],{"class":42},[36,57894,47],{"class":46},[36,57896,1333],{"class":50},[36,57898,55],{"class":54},[36,57900,58],{"class":50},[36,57902,1144],{"class":1143},[36,57904,58],{"class":50},[36,57906,61],{"class":54},[36,57908,58],{"class":50},[36,57910,1340],{"class":54},[36,57912,1355],{"class":50},[36,57914,57915,57917,57919,57921,57923,57925,57927,57929,57931],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,57916,142],{"class":141},[36,57918,145],{"class":50},[36,57920,656],{"class":148},[36,57922,303],{"class":50},[36,57924,41296],{"class":148},[36,57926,145],{"class":50},[36,57928,55],{"class":54},[36,57930,5402],{"class":50},[36,57932,50957],{"class":1617},[36,57934,57935,57937,57939,57941,57943,57945,57947,57949,57951],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,57936,142],{"class":141},[36,57938,145],{"class":50},[36,57940,656],{"class":148},[36,57942,303],{"class":50},[36,57944,41296],{"class":148},[36,57946,145],{"class":50},[36,57948,3649],{"class":1143},[36,57950,5402],{"class":50},[36,57952,50809],{"class":1617},[14,57954,4448],{},[14,57956,57957],{},"In Python:",[246,57959,57960,57965],{},[249,57961,57962],{},[33,57963,57964],{},"True == 1",[249,57966,57967],{},[33,57968,57969],{},"False == 0",[14,57971,53692,57972,57974],{},[33,57973,57328],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[376,57976,57978],{"id":57977},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[26,57980,57982],{"className":28,"code":57981,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[33,57983,57984,58026],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,57985,57986,57988,57990,57992,57994,57996,57998,58000,58002,58004,58006,58008,58010,58012,58014,58016,58018,58020,58022,58024],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,57987,1328],{"class":42},[36,57989,47],{"class":46},[36,57991,56333],{"class":50},[36,57993,55],{"class":54},[36,57995,58],{"class":50},[36,57997,61],{"class":54},[36,57999,18093],{"class":50},[36,58001,1333],{"class":50},[36,58003,485],{"class":54},[36,58005,58],{"class":50},[36,58007,559],{"class":54},[36,58009,18093],{"class":50},[36,58011,1333],{"class":50},[36,58013,55],{"class":54},[36,58015,58],{"class":50},[36,58017,61],{"class":54},[36,58019,18093],{"class":50},[36,58021,1333],{"class":50},[36,58023,55],{"class":54},[36,58025,53281],{"class":50},[36,58027,58028,58030,58032,58034,58036,58038,58040,58042,58044,58046,58048],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,58029,142],{"class":141},[36,58031,145],{"class":50},[36,58033,1369],{"class":148},[36,58035,303],{"class":50},[36,58037,41296],{"class":148},[36,58039,84],{"class":50},[36,58041,55],{"class":54},[36,58043,58],{"class":50},[36,58045,61],{"class":54},[36,58047,4774],{"class":50},[36,58049,51454],{"class":1617},[14,58051,58052],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[21,58054,58056],{"id":58055},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[376,58058,58060],{"id":58059},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[26,58062,58064],{"className":28,"code":58063,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,58065,58066,58094,58112,58116],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,58067,58068,58070,58072,58074,58076,58078,58080,58082,58084,58086,58088,58090,58092],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,58069,43],{"class":42},[36,58071,47],{"class":46},[36,58073,1333],{"class":50},[36,58075,631],{"class":54},[36,58077,58],{"class":50},[36,58079,636],{"class":54},[36,58081,58],{"class":50},[36,58083,6044],{"class":54},[36,58085,58],{"class":50},[36,58087,645],{"class":54},[36,58089,58],{"class":50},[36,58091,6044],{"class":54},[36,58093,1355],{"class":50},[36,58095,58096,58098,58100,58102,58104,58106,58108,58110],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,58097,2280],{"class":42},[36,58099,47],{"class":46},[36,58101,4301],{"class":42},[36,58103,303],{"class":50},[36,58105,41296],{"class":148},[36,58107,145],{"class":50},[36,58109,631],{"class":54},[36,58111,152],{"class":50},[36,58113,58114],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,58115,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,58117,58118,58120,58122,58124],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,58119,142],{"class":141},[36,58121,145],{"class":50},[36,58123,2315],{"class":148},[36,58125,152],{"class":50},[14,58127,182],{},[26,58129,58130],{"className":28,"code":475,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,58131,58132],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,58133,58134],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,58135,475],{"class":54},[376,58137,58139],{"id":58138},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[26,58141,58143],{"className":28,"code":58142,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,58144,58145,58187,58209,58213],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,58146,58147,58149,58151,58153,58155,58157,58159,58161,58163,58166,58168,58170,58172,58174,58176,58178,58180,58183,58185],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,58148,75],{"class":42},[36,58150,47],{"class":46},[36,58152,1333],{"class":50},[36,58154,88],{"class":87},[36,58156,37082],{"class":91},[36,58158,88],{"class":87},[36,58160,58],{"class":50},[36,58162,99],{"class":87},[36,58164,58165],{"class":91},"dog",[36,58167,88],{"class":87},[36,58169,58],{"class":50},[36,58171,99],{"class":87},[36,58173,37082],{"class":91},[36,58175,88],{"class":87},[36,58177,58],{"class":50},[36,58179,99],{"class":87},[36,58181,58182],{"class":91},"bird",[36,58184,88],{"class":87},[36,58186,1355],{"class":50},[36,58188,58189,58191,58193,58195,58197,58199,58201,58203,58205,58207],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,58190,2280],{"class":42},[36,58192,47],{"class":46},[36,58194,6208],{"class":42},[36,58196,303],{"class":50},[36,58198,41296],{"class":148},[36,58200,145],{"class":50},[36,58202,88],{"class":87},[36,58204,37082],{"class":91},[36,58206,88],{"class":87},[36,58208,152],{"class":50},[36,58210,58211],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,58212,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,58214,58215,58217,58219,58221],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,58216,142],{"class":141},[36,58218,145],{"class":50},[36,58220,2315],{"class":148},[36,58222,152],{"class":50},[14,58224,182],{},[26,58226,58227],{"className":28,"code":17086,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,58228,58229],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,58230,58231],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,58232,17086],{"class":54},[376,58234,58236],{"id":58235},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[26,58238,58240],{"className":28,"code":58239,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,58241,58242,58266,58284,58288],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,58243,58244,58246,58248,58250,58252,58254,58256,58258,58260,58262,58264],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,58245,43],{"class":42},[36,58247,47],{"class":46},[36,58249,1333],{"class":50},[36,58251,55],{"class":54},[36,58253,58],{"class":50},[36,58255,61],{"class":54},[36,58257,58],{"class":50},[36,58259,66],{"class":54},[36,58261,58],{"class":50},[36,58263,559],{"class":54},[36,58265,1355],{"class":50},[36,58267,58268,58270,58272,58274,58276,58278,58280,58282],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,58269,2280],{"class":42},[36,58271,47],{"class":46},[36,58273,4301],{"class":42},[36,58275,303],{"class":50},[36,58277,41296],{"class":148},[36,58279,145],{"class":50},[36,58281,2183],{"class":54},[36,58283,152],{"class":50},[36,58285,58286],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,58287,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,58289,58290,58292,58294,58296],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,58291,142],{"class":141},[36,58293,145],{"class":50},[36,58295,2315],{"class":148},[36,58297,152],{"class":50},[14,58299,182],{},[26,58301,58302],{"className":28,"code":47289,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,58303,58304],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,58305,58306],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,58307,47289],{"class":54},[376,58309,58311],{"id":58310},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[26,58313,58315],{"className":28,"code":58314,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,58316,58317,58363,58385,58389],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,58318,58319,58321,58323,58325,58327,58329,58331,58333,58335,58337,58339,58341,58343,58345,58347,58349,58351,58353,58355,58357,58359,58361],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,58320,9200],{"class":42},[36,58322,47],{"class":46},[36,58324,56333],{"class":50},[36,58326,55],{"class":54},[36,58328,58],{"class":50},[36,58330,61],{"class":54},[36,58332,18093],{"class":50},[36,58334,1333],{"class":50},[36,58336,55],{"class":54},[36,58338,58],{"class":50},[36,58340,61],{"class":54},[36,58342,18093],{"class":50},[36,58344,1333],{"class":50},[36,58346,481],{"class":54},[36,58348,58],{"class":50},[36,58350,66],{"class":54},[36,58352,18093],{"class":50},[36,58354,1333],{"class":50},[36,58356,55],{"class":54},[36,58358,58],{"class":50},[36,58360,61],{"class":54},[36,58362,53281],{"class":50},[36,58364,58365,58367,58369,58371,58373,58375,58377,58379,58381,58383],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,58366,2280],{"class":42},[36,58368,47],{"class":46},[36,58370,14599],{"class":42},[36,58372,303],{"class":50},[36,58374,41296],{"class":148},[36,58376,84],{"class":50},[36,58378,55],{"class":54},[36,58380,58],{"class":50},[36,58382,61],{"class":54},[36,58384,115],{"class":50},[36,58386,58387],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,58388,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,58390,58391,58393,58395,58397],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,58392,142],{"class":141},[36,58394,145],{"class":50},[36,58396,2315],{"class":148},[36,58398,152],{"class":50},[14,58400,182],{},[26,58402,58403],{"className":28,"code":475,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,58404,58405],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,58406,58407],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,58408,475],{"class":54},[21,58410,5000,58412],{"id":58411},"when-to-use-count",[33,58413,57328],{},[14,58415,495,58416,58418],{},[33,58417,57328],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[14,58420,58421],{},"Good use cases:",[246,58423,58424,58427,58430],{},[249,58425,58426],{},"counting one specific item",[249,58428,58429],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[249,58431,58432],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[14,58434,2257],{},[26,58436,58438],{"className":28,"code":58437,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[33,58439,58440,58481,58505,58509],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,58441,58442,58445,58447,58449,58451,58453,58455,58457,58459,58461,58463,58465,58467,58469,58471,58473,58475,58477,58479],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,58443,58444],{"class":42},"votes ",[36,58446,47],{"class":46},[36,58448,1333],{"class":50},[36,58450,88],{"class":87},[36,58452,8694],{"class":91},[36,58454,88],{"class":87},[36,58456,58],{"class":50},[36,58458,99],{"class":87},[36,58460,8634],{"class":91},[36,58462,88],{"class":87},[36,58464,58],{"class":50},[36,58466,99],{"class":87},[36,58468,8694],{"class":91},[36,58470,88],{"class":87},[36,58472,58],{"class":50},[36,58474,99],{"class":87},[36,58476,8694],{"class":91},[36,58478,88],{"class":87},[36,58480,1355],{"class":50},[36,58482,58483,58486,58488,58491,58493,58495,58497,58499,58501,58503],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,58484,58485],{"class":42},"yes_votes ",[36,58487,47],{"class":46},[36,58489,58490],{"class":42}," votes",[36,58492,303],{"class":50},[36,58494,41296],{"class":148},[36,58496,145],{"class":50},[36,58498,88],{"class":87},[36,58500,8694],{"class":91},[36,58502,88],{"class":87},[36,58504,152],{"class":50},[36,58506,58507],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,58508,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,58510,58511,58513,58515,58518],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,58512,142],{"class":141},[36,58514,145],{"class":50},[36,58516,58517],{"class":148},"yes_votes",[36,58519,152],{"class":50},[14,58521,58522,58524],{},[33,58523,57328],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[14,58526,58527,58528,482,58530,303],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[294,58529,52810],{"href":51018},[294,58531,58533],{"href":58532},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[21,58535,1455],{"id":1454},[14,58537,8483,58538,303],{},[33,58539,57333],{},[376,58541,58543],{"id":58542},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[14,58545,58546,58548],{},[33,58547,57333],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[26,58550,58552],{"className":28,"code":58551,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[33,58553,58554,58587],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,58555,58556,58558,58560,58562,58564,58567,58569,58571,58573,58575,58577,58579,58581,58583,58585],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,58557,75],{"class":42},[36,58559,47],{"class":46},[36,58561,1333],{"class":50},[36,58563,88],{"class":87},[36,58565,58566],{"class":91},"apple pie",[36,58568,88],{"class":87},[36,58570,58],{"class":50},[36,58572,99],{"class":87},[36,58574,102],{"class":91},[36,58576,88],{"class":87},[36,58578,58],{"class":50},[36,58580,99],{"class":87},[36,58582,58566],{"class":91},[36,58584,88],{"class":87},[36,58586,1355],{"class":50},[36,58588,58589,58591,58593,58595,58597,58599,58601,58603,58605,58607,58609],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,58590,142],{"class":141},[36,58592,145],{"class":50},[36,58594,162],{"class":148},[36,58596,303],{"class":50},[36,58598,41296],{"class":148},[36,58600,145],{"class":50},[36,58602,88],{"class":87},[36,58604,92],{"class":91},[36,58606,88],{"class":87},[36,58608,5402],{"class":50},[36,58610,51286],{"class":1617},[14,58612,2537,58613,2541],{},[33,58614,2166],{},[14,58616,29096,58617,58619,58620,303],{},[33,58618,57871],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[33,58621,58622],{},"\"apple pie\"",[14,58624,58625,58626,303],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[33,58627,58628],{},"str.count()",[376,58630,8489,58632,8492,58634,298,58636],{"id":58631},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[33,58633,57328],{},[33,58635,3649],{},[33,58637,3716],{},[14,58639,58640,58642],{},[33,58641,57328],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[26,58644,58646],{"className":28,"code":58645,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[33,58647,58648,58672],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,58649,58650,58652,58654,58656,58658,58660,58662,58664,58666,58668,58670],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,58651,43],{"class":42},[36,58653,47],{"class":46},[36,58655,1333],{"class":50},[36,58657,55],{"class":54},[36,58659,58],{"class":50},[36,58661,61],{"class":54},[36,58663,58],{"class":50},[36,58665,61],{"class":54},[36,58667,58],{"class":50},[36,58669,66],{"class":54},[36,58671,1355],{"class":50},[36,58673,58674,58676,58678,58680,58682,58684,58686,58688,58690],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,58675,142],{"class":141},[36,58677,145],{"class":50},[36,58679,149],{"class":148},[36,58681,303],{"class":50},[36,58683,41296],{"class":148},[36,58685,145],{"class":50},[36,58687,481],{"class":54},[36,58689,5402],{"class":50},[36,58691,51454],{"class":1617},[14,58693,58694],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[26,58696,58698],{"className":28,"code":58697,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[33,58699,58700],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,58701,58702,58704,58706,58708,58710,58712,58714],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,58703,142],{"class":141},[36,58705,145],{"class":50},[36,58707,481],{"class":54},[36,58709,21205],{"class":3917},[36,58711,4301],{"class":148},[36,58713,3703],{"class":50},[36,58715,3706],{"class":1617},[376,58717,58719],{"id":58718},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[26,58721,58723],{"className":28,"code":58722,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[33,58724,58725,58758],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,58726,58727,58729,58731,58733,58735,58737,58739,58741,58743,58745,58747,58749,58751,58754,58756],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,58728,5034],{"class":42},[36,58730,47],{"class":46},[36,58732,1333],{"class":50},[36,58734,88],{"class":87},[36,58736,1259],{"class":91},[36,58738,88],{"class":87},[36,58740,58],{"class":50},[36,58742,99],{"class":87},[36,58744,20250],{"class":91},[36,58746,88],{"class":87},[36,58748,58],{"class":50},[36,58750,99],{"class":87},[36,58752,58753],{"class":91},"SAM",[36,58755,88],{"class":87},[36,58757,1355],{"class":50},[36,58759,58760,58762,58764,58766,58768,58770,58772,58774,58776,58778,58780],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,58761,142],{"class":141},[36,58763,145],{"class":50},[36,58765,5078],{"class":148},[36,58767,303],{"class":50},[36,58769,41296],{"class":148},[36,58771,145],{"class":50},[36,58773,88],{"class":87},[36,58775,20250],{"class":91},[36,58777,88],{"class":87},[36,58779,5402],{"class":50},[36,58781,27814],{"class":1617},[14,58783,58784,58785,58788],{},"Only the exact string ",[33,58786,58787],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[376,58790,29685,58792,33582],{"id":58791},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[33,58793,57328],{},[14,58795,58796],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[26,58798,58800],{"className":28,"code":58799,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[33,58801,58802,58812,58826,58844,58858,58870],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,58803,58804,58806,58808,58810],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,58805,142],{"class":141},[36,58807,145],{"class":50},[36,58809,8375],{"class":148},[36,58811,152],{"class":50},[36,58813,58814,58816,58818,58820,58822,58824],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,58815,142],{"class":141},[36,58817,145],{"class":50},[36,58819,818],{"class":80},[36,58821,145],{"class":50},[36,58823,8375],{"class":148},[36,58825,445],{"class":50},[36,58827,58828,58830,58832,58834,58836,58838,58840,58842],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,58829,142],{"class":141},[36,58831,145],{"class":50},[36,58833,8375],{"class":148},[36,58835,303],{"class":50},[36,58837,41296],{"class":148},[36,58839,145],{"class":50},[36,58841,1495],{"class":148},[36,58843,445],{"class":50},[36,58845,58846,58848,58850,58852,58854,58856],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,58847,142],{"class":141},[36,58849,145],{"class":50},[36,58851,1478],{"class":148},[36,58853,3924],{"class":3917},[36,58855,8432],{"class":148},[36,58857,152],{"class":50},[36,58859,58860,58862,58864,58866,58868],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,58861,5997],{"class":3917},[36,58863,6000],{"class":42},[36,58865,3924],{"class":3917},[36,58867,8432],{"class":42},[36,58869,6433],{"class":50},[36,58871,58872,58874,58876,58878,58880,58882],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,58873,8105],{"class":141},[36,58875,145],{"class":50},[36,58877,41816],{"class":141},[36,58879,145],{"class":50},[36,58881,23343],{"class":148},[36,58883,445],{"class":50},[14,58885,58886],{},"These checks can help you see:",[246,58888,58889,58892,58895],{},[249,58890,58891],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[249,58893,58894],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[249,58896,58897],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[14,58899,58900],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[246,58902,58903,58908,58911,58918],{},[249,58904,50530,58905,58907],{},[33,58906,57328],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[249,58909,58910],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[249,58912,11137,58913,58915,58916],{},[33,58914,57333],{}," with string ",[33,58917,57328],{},[249,58919,58920],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[21,58922,1872],{"id":1871},[376,58924,12735,58926,58928],{"id":58925},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[33,58927,57333],{}," change the list?",[14,58930,58931],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[376,58933,58935],{"id":58934},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[14,58937,11941,58938,303],{},[33,58939,2166],{},[376,58941,5210,58943,58945],{"id":58942},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[33,58944,57333],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[14,58947,58948],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[376,58950,14936,58952,58954],{"id":58951},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[33,58953,57333],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[14,58956,42189,58957,482,58959,58961],{},[33,58958,57874],{},[33,58960,57871],{}," are different values.",[376,58963,5198,58965,58967,58968,2541],{"id":58964},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[33,58966,3649],{}," sometimes count like ",[33,58969,55],{},[14,58971,8822,58972,58974,58975,482,58977,58974,58979,303],{},[33,58973,3649],{}," compares equal to ",[33,58976,55],{},[33,58978,3716],{},[33,58980,2166],{},[21,58982,1923],{"id":1922},[246,58984,58985,58989,58995,58999,59007,59014],{},[249,58986,58987],{},[294,58988,52810],{"href":51018},[249,58990,58991],{},[294,58992,58994],{"href":58993},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[249,58996,58997],{},[294,58998,6975],{"href":6237},[249,59000,59001],{},[294,59002,55559,59004,1939],{"href":59003},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[33,59005,59006],{},"index()",[249,59008,59009],{},[294,59010,1935,59012],{"href":59011},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[33,59013,42398],{},[249,59015,59016],{},[294,59017,59018],{"href":58532},"What is a list in Python",[1962,59020,59021],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":59023},[59024,59025,59027,59028,59029,59035,59041,59043,59051,59062],{"id":23,"depth":72,"text":24},{"id":57425,"depth":72,"text":59026},"What list.count() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":38055,"depth":72,"text":38056},{"id":57747,"depth":72,"text":57748,"children":59030},[59031,59032,59034],{"id":57779,"depth":118,"text":57780},{"id":57878,"depth":118,"text":59033},"1 and True can match",{"id":57977,"depth":118,"text":57978},{"id":58055,"depth":72,"text":58056,"children":59036},[59037,59038,59039,59040],{"id":58059,"depth":118,"text":58060},{"id":58138,"depth":118,"text":58139},{"id":58235,"depth":118,"text":58236},{"id":58310,"depth":118,"text":58311},{"id":58411,"depth":72,"text":59042},"When to use count()",{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455,"children":59044},[59045,59046,59048,59049],{"id":58542,"depth":118,"text":58543},{"id":58631,"depth":118,"text":59047},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58718,"depth":118,"text":58719},{"id":58791,"depth":118,"text":59050},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":59052},[59053,59055,59056,59058,59060],{"id":58925,"depth":118,"text":59054},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58934,"depth":118,"text":58935},{"id":58942,"depth":118,"text":59057},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58951,"depth":118,"text":59059},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58964,"depth":118,"text":59061},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57320,"description":59063},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59070,"title":59071,"body":59072,"description":61031,"extension":2009,"meta":61032,"navigation":134,"path":61033,"seo":61034,"stem":61035,"__hash__":61036},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59073,"toc":60994},[59074,59077,59080,59082,59210,59214,59295,59306,59308,59327,59331,59334,59337,59355,59357,59400,59404,59429,59438,59442,59447,59450,59567,59571,59640,59644,59656,59660,59663,59704,59708,59721,59724,59809,59813,59846,59853,59859,59864,59866,59878,59882,59915,59919,59951,59955,59992,59996,60016,60020,60054,60058,60087,60098,60102,60105,60108,60121,60178,60182,60221,60227,60230,60232,60235,60239,60242,60267,60269,60294,60301,60304,60349,60353,60372,60375,60414,60421,60426,60460,60464,60561,60568,60601,60605,60631,60635,60638,60676,60679,60716,60720,60723,60742,60746,60807,60809,60827,60831,60834,60837,60866,60868,60872,60875,60883,60887,60890,60910,60916,60922,60926,60929,60936,60944,60946,60985,60991],[10,59075,59071],{"id":59076},"python-list-creating-a-list",[14,59078,59079],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[21,59081,24],{"id":23},[26,59083,59085],{"className":28,"code":59084,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[33,59086,59087,59107,59139,59147,59165,59169,59179,59189,59200],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,59088,59089,59091,59093,59095,59097,59099,59101,59103,59105],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,59090,43],{"class":42},[36,59092,47],{"class":46},[36,59094,1333],{"class":50},[36,59096,55],{"class":54},[36,59098,58],{"class":50},[36,59100,61],{"class":54},[36,59102,58],{"class":50},[36,59104,66],{"class":54},[36,59106,1355],{"class":50},[36,59108,59109,59111,59113,59115,59117,59119,59121,59123,59125,59127,59129,59131,59133,59135,59137],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,59110,5034],{"class":42},[36,59112,47],{"class":46},[36,59114,1333],{"class":50},[36,59116,88],{"class":87},[36,59118,12912],{"class":91},[36,59120,88],{"class":87},[36,59122,58],{"class":50},[36,59124,99],{"class":87},[36,59126,35977],{"class":91},[36,59128,88],{"class":87},[36,59130,58],{"class":50},[36,59132,99],{"class":87},[36,59134,35986],{"class":91},[36,59136,88],{"class":87},[36,59138,1355],{"class":50},[36,59140,59141,59143,59145],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,59142,55970],{"class":42},[36,59144,47],{"class":46},[36,59146,7874],{"class":50},[36,59148,59149,59151,59153,59155,59157,59159,59161,59163],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,59150,697],{"class":42},[36,59152,47],{"class":46},[36,59154,22592],{"class":80},[36,59156,145],{"class":50},[36,59158,88],{"class":87},[36,59160,41597],{"class":91},[36,59162,88],{"class":87},[36,59164,152],{"class":50},[36,59166,59167],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,59168,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,59170,59171,59173,59175,59177],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,59172,142],{"class":141},[36,59174,145],{"class":50},[36,59176,149],{"class":148},[36,59178,152],{"class":50},[36,59180,59181,59183,59185,59187],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,59182,142],{"class":141},[36,59184,145],{"class":50},[36,59186,5078],{"class":148},[36,59188,152],{"class":50},[36,59190,59191,59193,59195,59198],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,59192,142],{"class":141},[36,59194,145],{"class":50},[36,59196,59197],{"class":148},"empty_list",[36,59199,152],{"class":50},[36,59201,59202,59204,59206,59208],{"class":38,"line":6471},[36,59203,142],{"class":141},[36,59205,145],{"class":50},[36,59207,721],{"class":148},[36,59209,152],{"class":50},[14,59211,59212],{},[180,59213,182],{},[26,59215,59217],{"className":28,"code":59216,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[33,59218,59219,59235,59263,59267],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,59220,59221,59223,59225,59227,59229,59231,59233],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,59222,3941],{"class":50},[36,59224,55],{"class":54},[36,59226,58],{"class":50},[36,59228,61],{"class":54},[36,59230,58],{"class":50},[36,59232,66],{"class":54},[36,59234,1355],{"class":50},[36,59236,59237,59239,59241,59243,59245,59247,59249,59251,59253,59255,59257,59259,59261],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,59238,3941],{"class":50},[36,59240,211],{"class":87},[36,59242,12912],{"class":91},[36,59244,211],{"class":87},[36,59246,58],{"class":50},[36,59248,220],{"class":87},[36,59250,35977],{"class":91},[36,59252,211],{"class":87},[36,59254,58],{"class":50},[36,59256,220],{"class":87},[36,59258,35986],{"class":91},[36,59260,211],{"class":87},[36,59262,1355],{"class":50},[36,59264,59265],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,59266,38333],{"class":50},[36,59268,59269,59271,59273,59275,59277,59279,59281,59283,59285,59287,59289,59291,59293],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,59270,3941],{"class":50},[36,59272,211],{"class":87},[36,59274,294],{"class":91},[36,59276,211],{"class":87},[36,59278,58],{"class":50},[36,59280,220],{"class":87},[36,59282,1707],{"class":91},[36,59284,211],{"class":87},[36,59286,58],{"class":50},[36,59288,220],{"class":87},[36,59290,9770],{"class":91},[36,59292,211],{"class":87},[36,59294,1355],{"class":50},[14,59296,59297,59298,59300,59301,59303,59304,303],{},"Use square brackets ",[33,59299,3831],{}," for most lists. Use ",[33,59302,24814],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[33,59305,517],{},[21,59307,244],{"id":243},[246,59309,59310,59313,59316,59319,59324],{},[249,59311,59312],{},"What a list is in Python",[249,59314,59315],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[249,59317,59318],{},"How to create an empty list",[249,59320,59321,59322,2354],{},"How to create a list with the ",[33,59323,24814],{},[249,59325,59326],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[21,59328,59330],{"id":59329},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[14,59332,59333],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[14,59335,59336],{},"This means:",[246,59338,59339,59342,59345,59348],{},[249,59340,59341],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[249,59343,59344],{},"The order of items is kept",[249,59346,59347],{},"A list can hold different data types",[249,59349,59350,59351,59354],{},"A list is ",[180,59352,59353],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[14,59356,2257],{},[26,59358,59360],{"className":28,"code":59359,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[33,59361,59362,59386,59390],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,59363,59364,59366,59368,59370,59372,59374,59376,59378,59380,59382,59384],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,59365,1328],{"class":42},[36,59367,47],{"class":46},[36,59369,1333],{"class":50},[36,59371,88],{"class":87},[36,59373,92],{"class":91},[36,59375,88],{"class":87},[36,59377,58],{"class":50},[36,59379,6044],{"class":54},[36,59381,58],{"class":50},[36,59383,1144],{"class":1143},[36,59385,1355],{"class":50},[36,59387,59388],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,59389,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,59391,59392,59394,59396,59398],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,59393,142],{"class":141},[36,59395,145],{"class":50},[36,59397,1369],{"class":148},[36,59399,152],{"class":50},[14,59401,59402],{},[180,59403,182],{},[26,59405,59407],{"className":28,"code":59406,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[33,59408,59409],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,59410,59411,59413,59415,59417,59419,59421,59423,59425,59427],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,59412,3941],{"class":50},[36,59414,211],{"class":87},[36,59416,92],{"class":91},[36,59418,211],{"class":87},[36,59420,58],{"class":50},[36,59422,6044],{"class":54},[36,59424,58],{"class":50},[36,59426,1144],{"class":1143},[36,59428,1355],{"class":50},[14,59430,59431,59432,298,59435,303],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[294,59433,59434],{"href":51018},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[294,59436,59437],{"href":58532},"What is a List in Python?",[21,59439,59441],{"id":59440},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[14,59443,59297,59444,59446],{},[33,59445,3831],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[14,59448,59449],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[26,59451,59453],{"className":28,"code":59452,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[33,59454,59455,59475,59507,59532,59536,59546,59556],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,59456,59457,59459,59461,59463,59465,59467,59469,59471,59473],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,59458,43],{"class":42},[36,59460,47],{"class":46},[36,59462,1333],{"class":50},[36,59464,55],{"class":54},[36,59466,58],{"class":50},[36,59468,61],{"class":54},[36,59470,58],{"class":50},[36,59472,66],{"class":54},[36,59474,1355],{"class":50},[36,59476,59477,59479,59481,59483,59485,59487,59489,59491,59493,59495,59497,59499,59501,59503,59505],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,59478,5034],{"class":42},[36,59480,47],{"class":46},[36,59482,1333],{"class":50},[36,59484,88],{"class":87},[36,59486,12912],{"class":91},[36,59488,88],{"class":87},[36,59490,58],{"class":50},[36,59492,99],{"class":87},[36,59494,35977],{"class":91},[36,59496,88],{"class":87},[36,59498,58],{"class":50},[36,59500,99],{"class":87},[36,59502,35986],{"class":91},[36,59504,88],{"class":87},[36,59506,1355],{"class":50},[36,59508,59509,59512,59514,59516,59518,59520,59522,59524,59526,59528,59530],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,59510,59511],{"class":42},"mixed ",[36,59513,47],{"class":46},[36,59515,1333],{"class":50},[36,59517,631],{"class":54},[36,59519,58],{"class":50},[36,59521,99],{"class":87},[36,59523,708],{"class":91},[36,59525,88],{"class":87},[36,59527,58],{"class":50},[36,59529,3948],{"class":1143},[36,59531,1355],{"class":50},[36,59533,59534],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,59535,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,59537,59538,59540,59542,59544],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,59539,142],{"class":141},[36,59541,145],{"class":50},[36,59543,149],{"class":148},[36,59545,152],{"class":50},[36,59547,59548,59550,59552,59554],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,59549,142],{"class":141},[36,59551,145],{"class":50},[36,59553,5078],{"class":148},[36,59555,152],{"class":50},[36,59557,59558,59560,59562,59565],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,59559,142],{"class":141},[36,59561,145],{"class":50},[36,59563,59564],{"class":148},"mixed",[36,59566,152],{"class":50},[14,59568,59569],{},[180,59570,182],{},[26,59572,59574],{"className":28,"code":59573,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[33,59575,59576,59592,59620],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,59577,59578,59580,59582,59584,59586,59588,59590],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,59579,3941],{"class":50},[36,59581,55],{"class":54},[36,59583,58],{"class":50},[36,59585,61],{"class":54},[36,59587,58],{"class":50},[36,59589,66],{"class":54},[36,59591,1355],{"class":50},[36,59593,59594,59596,59598,59600,59602,59604,59606,59608,59610,59612,59614,59616,59618],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,59595,3941],{"class":50},[36,59597,211],{"class":87},[36,59599,12912],{"class":91},[36,59601,211],{"class":87},[36,59603,58],{"class":50},[36,59605,220],{"class":87},[36,59607,35977],{"class":91},[36,59609,211],{"class":87},[36,59611,58],{"class":50},[36,59613,220],{"class":87},[36,59615,35986],{"class":91},[36,59617,211],{"class":87},[36,59619,1355],{"class":50},[36,59621,59622,59624,59626,59628,59630,59632,59634,59636,59638],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,59623,3941],{"class":50},[36,59625,631],{"class":54},[36,59627,58],{"class":50},[36,59629,220],{"class":87},[36,59631,708],{"class":91},[36,59633,211],{"class":87},[36,59635,58],{"class":50},[36,59637,3948],{"class":1143},[36,59639,1355],{"class":50},[376,59641,59643],{"id":59642},"key-points","Key points",[246,59645,59646,59651,59653],{},[249,59647,495,59648,59650],{},[33,59649,3831],{}," to make a new list",[249,59652,15464],{},[249,59654,59655],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[21,59657,59659],{"id":59658},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[14,59661,59662],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[26,59664,59666],{"className":28,"code":59665,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[33,59667,59668,59676,59680,59690],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,59669,59670,59672,59674],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,59671,8344],{"class":42},[36,59673,47],{"class":46},[36,59675,7874],{"class":50},[36,59677,59678],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,59679,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,59681,59682,59684,59686,59688],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,59683,142],{"class":141},[36,59685,145],{"class":50},[36,59687,8375],{"class":148},[36,59689,152],{"class":50},[36,59691,59692,59694,59696,59698,59700,59702],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,59693,142],{"class":141},[36,59695,145],{"class":50},[36,59697,438],{"class":141},[36,59699,145],{"class":50},[36,59701,8375],{"class":148},[36,59703,445],{"class":50},[14,59705,59706],{},[180,59707,182],{},[26,59709,59711],{"className":28,"code":59710,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[]\n0\n",[33,59712,59713,59717],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,59714,59715],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,59716,38333],{"class":50},[36,59718,59719],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,59720,47289],{"class":54},[14,59722,59723],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[26,59725,59727],{"className":28,"code":59726,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[33,59728,59729,59737,59741,59759,59777,59795,59799],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,59730,59731,59733,59735],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,59732,5034],{"class":42},[36,59734,47],{"class":46},[36,59736,7874],{"class":50},[36,59738,59739],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,59740,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,59742,59743,59745,59747,59749,59751,59753,59755,59757],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,59744,5078],{"class":42},[36,59746,303],{"class":50},[36,59748,13586],{"class":148},[36,59750,145],{"class":50},[36,59752,88],{"class":87},[36,59754,12912],{"class":91},[36,59756,88],{"class":87},[36,59758,152],{"class":50},[36,59760,59761,59763,59765,59767,59769,59771,59773,59775],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,59762,5078],{"class":42},[36,59764,303],{"class":50},[36,59766,13586],{"class":148},[36,59768,145],{"class":50},[36,59770,88],{"class":87},[36,59772,35977],{"class":91},[36,59774,88],{"class":87},[36,59776,152],{"class":50},[36,59778,59779,59781,59783,59785,59787,59789,59791,59793],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,59780,5078],{"class":42},[36,59782,303],{"class":50},[36,59784,13586],{"class":148},[36,59786,145],{"class":50},[36,59788,88],{"class":87},[36,59790,35986],{"class":91},[36,59792,88],{"class":87},[36,59794,152],{"class":50},[36,59796,59797],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,59798,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,59800,59801,59803,59805,59807],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,59802,142],{"class":141},[36,59804,145],{"class":50},[36,59806,5078],{"class":148},[36,59808,152],{"class":50},[14,59810,59811],{},[180,59812,182],{},[26,59814,59816],{"className":28,"code":59815,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[33,59817,59818],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,59819,59820,59822,59824,59826,59828,59830,59832,59834,59836,59838,59840,59842,59844],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,59821,3941],{"class":50},[36,59823,211],{"class":87},[36,59825,12912],{"class":91},[36,59827,211],{"class":87},[36,59829,58],{"class":50},[36,59831,220],{"class":87},[36,59833,35977],{"class":91},[36,59835,211],{"class":87},[36,59837,58],{"class":50},[36,59839,220],{"class":87},[36,59841,35986],{"class":91},[36,59843,211],{"class":87},[36,59845,1355],{"class":50},[14,59847,59848,59849,303],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[294,59850,59851,1939],{"href":56806},[33,59852,52691],{},[21,59854,59856,59857],{"id":59855},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[33,59858,24814],{},[14,59860,495,59861,59863],{},[33,59862,24814],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[14,59865,501],{},[246,59867,59868,59870,59872,59874],{},[249,59869,5350],{},[249,59871,5344],{},[249,59873,5347],{},[249,59875,59876],{},[33,59877,517],{},[376,59879,59881],{"id":59880},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[26,59883,59885],{"className":28,"code":59884,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[33,59886,59887,59905],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,59888,59889,59891,59893,59895,59897,59899,59901,59903],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,59890,697],{"class":42},[36,59892,47],{"class":46},[36,59894,22592],{"class":80},[36,59896,145],{"class":50},[36,59898,88],{"class":87},[36,59900,41597],{"class":91},[36,59902,88],{"class":87},[36,59904,152],{"class":50},[36,59906,59907,59909,59911,59913],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,59908,142],{"class":141},[36,59910,145],{"class":50},[36,59912,721],{"class":148},[36,59914,152],{"class":50},[14,59916,59917],{},[180,59918,182],{},[26,59920,59921],{"className":28,"code":42913,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,59922,59923],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,59924,59925,59927,59929,59931,59933,59935,59937,59939,59941,59943,59945,59947,59949],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,59926,3941],{"class":50},[36,59928,211],{"class":87},[36,59930,294],{"class":91},[36,59932,211],{"class":87},[36,59934,58],{"class":50},[36,59936,220],{"class":87},[36,59938,1707],{"class":91},[36,59940,211],{"class":87},[36,59942,58],{"class":50},[36,59944,220],{"class":87},[36,59946,9770],{"class":91},[36,59948,211],{"class":87},[36,59950,1355],{"class":50},[376,59952,59954],{"id":59953},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[26,59956,59958],{"className":28,"code":59957,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,59959,59960,59982],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,59961,59962,59964,59966,59968,59970,59972,59974,59976,59978,59980],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,59963,43],{"class":42},[36,59965,47],{"class":46},[36,59967,22592],{"class":80},[36,59969,628],{"class":50},[36,59971,55],{"class":54},[36,59973,58],{"class":50},[36,59975,61],{"class":54},[36,59977,58],{"class":50},[36,59979,66],{"class":54},[36,59981,445],{"class":50},[36,59983,59984,59986,59988,59990],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,59985,142],{"class":141},[36,59987,145],{"class":50},[36,59989,149],{"class":148},[36,59991,152],{"class":50},[14,59993,59994],{},[180,59995,182],{},[26,59997,59998],{"className":28,"code":55189,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,59999,60000],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,60001,60002,60004,60006,60008,60010,60012,60014],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,60003,3941],{"class":50},[36,60005,55],{"class":54},[36,60007,58],{"class":50},[36,60009,61],{"class":54},[36,60011,58],{"class":50},[36,60013,66],{"class":54},[36,60015,1355],{"class":50},[376,60017,60019],{"id":60018},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[26,60021,60023],{"className":28,"code":60022,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[33,60024,60025,60044],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,60026,60027,60029,60031,60033,60035,60038,60040,60042],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,60028,621],{"class":42},[36,60030,47],{"class":46},[36,60032,22592],{"class":80},[36,60034,145],{"class":50},[36,60036,60037],{"class":141},"range",[36,60039,145],{"class":50},[36,60041,2183],{"class":54},[36,60043,445],{"class":50},[36,60045,60046,60048,60050,60052],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,60047,142],{"class":141},[36,60049,145],{"class":50},[36,60051,656],{"class":148},[36,60053,152],{"class":50},[14,60055,60056],{},[180,60057,182],{},[26,60059,60061],{"className":28,"code":60060,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[33,60062,60063],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,60064,60065,60067,60069,60071,60073,60075,60077,60079,60081,60083,60085],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,60066,3941],{"class":50},[36,60068,2166],{"class":54},[36,60070,58],{"class":50},[36,60072,1340],{"class":54},[36,60074,58],{"class":50},[36,60076,61],{"class":54},[36,60078,58],{"class":50},[36,60080,66],{"class":54},[36,60082,58],{"class":50},[36,60084,559],{"class":54},[36,60086,1355],{"class":50},[14,60088,60089,60091,60092,303],{},[33,60090,24814],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[294,60093,60095,60097],{"href":60094},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[33,60096,24814],{},": Function Explained",[21,60099,60101],{"id":60100},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[14,60103,60104],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[14,60106,60107],{},"Examples include:",[246,60109,60110,60112,60114,60116,60118],{},[249,60111,5350],{},[249,60113,40461],{},[249,60115,52085],{},[249,60117,40631],{},[249,60119,60120],{},"other lists",[26,60122,60124],{"className":28,"code":60123,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[33,60125,60126,60164,60168],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,60127,60128,60130,60132,60134,60136,60138,60140,60142,60144,60146,60148,60150,60152,60154,60156,60158,60160,60162],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,60129,9200],{"class":42},[36,60131,47],{"class":46},[36,60133,1333],{"class":50},[36,60135,88],{"class":87},[36,60137,12912],{"class":91},[36,60139,88],{"class":87},[36,60141,58],{"class":50},[36,60143,9338],{"class":54},[36,60145,58],{"class":50},[36,60147,1144],{"class":1143},[36,60149,58],{"class":50},[36,60151,1333],{"class":50},[36,60153,55],{"class":54},[36,60155,58],{"class":50},[36,60157,61],{"class":54},[36,60159,58],{"class":50},[36,60161,66],{"class":54},[36,60163,53281],{"class":50},[36,60165,60166],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,60167,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,60169,60170,60172,60174,60176],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,60171,142],{"class":141},[36,60173,145],{"class":50},[36,60175,9239],{"class":148},[36,60177,152],{"class":50},[14,60179,60180],{},[180,60181,182],{},[26,60183,60185],{"className":28,"code":60184,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[33,60186,60187],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,60188,60189,60191,60193,60195,60197,60199,60201,60203,60205,60207,60209,60211,60213,60215,60217,60219],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,60190,3941],{"class":50},[36,60192,211],{"class":87},[36,60194,12912],{"class":91},[36,60196,211],{"class":87},[36,60198,58],{"class":50},[36,60200,9338],{"class":54},[36,60202,58],{"class":50},[36,60204,1144],{"class":1143},[36,60206,58],{"class":50},[36,60208,1333],{"class":50},[36,60210,55],{"class":54},[36,60212,58],{"class":50},[36,60214,61],{"class":54},[36,60216,58],{"class":50},[36,60218,66],{"class":54},[36,60220,53281],{"class":50},[14,60222,60223,60224,303],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[180,60225,60226],{},"nested list",[14,60228,60229],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[21,60231,4557],{"id":4556},[14,60233,60234],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[376,60236,60238],{"id":60237},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[14,60240,60241],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[26,60243,60245],{"className":28,"code":60244,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[33,60246,60247,60251],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,60248,60249],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,60250,4574],{"class":1617},[36,60252,60253,60255,60257,60259,60261,60263,60265],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,60254,43],{"class":42},[36,60256,47],{"class":46},[36,60258,1333],{"class":50},[36,60260,55],{"class":54},[36,60262,61],{"class":54},[36,60264,66],{"class":54},[36,60266,1355],{"class":50},[14,60268,10837],{},[26,60270,60272],{"className":28,"code":60271,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[33,60273,60274],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,60275,60276,60278,60280,60282,60284,60286,60288,60290,60292],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,60277,43],{"class":42},[36,60279,47],{"class":46},[36,60281,1333],{"class":50},[36,60283,55],{"class":54},[36,60285,58],{"class":50},[36,60287,61],{"class":54},[36,60289,58],{"class":50},[36,60291,66],{"class":54},[36,60293,1355],{"class":50},[376,60295,1462,60297,11122,60299],{"id":60296},"using-instead-of",[33,60298,7405],{},[33,60300,3831],{},[14,60302,60303],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[26,60305,60307],{"className":28,"code":60306,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[33,60308,60309,60330,60334],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,60310,60311,60314,60316,60318,60320,60322,60324,60326,60328],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,60312,60313],{"class":42},"my_values ",[36,60315,47],{"class":46},[36,60317,1131],{"class":50},[36,60319,55],{"class":54},[36,60321,58],{"class":50},[36,60323,61],{"class":54},[36,60325,58],{"class":50},[36,60327,66],{"class":54},[36,60329,152],{"class":50},[36,60331,60332],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,60333,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,60335,60336,60338,60340,60342,60344,60347],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,60337,142],{"class":141},[36,60339,145],{"class":50},[36,60341,818],{"class":80},[36,60343,145],{"class":50},[36,60345,60346],{"class":148},"my_values",[36,60348,445],{"class":50},[14,60350,60351],{},[180,60352,182],{},[26,60354,60356],{"className":28,"code":60355,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[33,60357,60358],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,60359,60360,60362,60364,60366,60368,60370],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,60361,844],{"class":46},[36,60363,848],{"class":847},[36,60365,220],{"class":87},[36,60367,48991],{"class":91},[36,60369,211],{"class":87},[36,60371,857],{"class":46},[14,60373,60374],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[26,60376,60378],{"className":28,"code":60377,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[33,60379,60380,60400],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,60381,60382,60384,60386,60388,60390,60392,60394,60396,60398],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,60383,60313],{"class":42},[36,60385,47],{"class":46},[36,60387,1333],{"class":50},[36,60389,55],{"class":54},[36,60391,58],{"class":50},[36,60393,61],{"class":54},[36,60395,58],{"class":50},[36,60397,66],{"class":54},[36,60399,1355],{"class":50},[36,60401,60402,60404,60406,60408,60410,60412],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,60403,142],{"class":141},[36,60405,145],{"class":50},[36,60407,818],{"class":80},[36,60409,145],{"class":50},[36,60411,60346],{"class":148},[36,60413,445],{"class":50},[376,60415,8489,60417,60420],{"id":60416},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[33,60418,60419],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[14,60422,60423,60425],{},[33,60424,24814],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[26,60427,60429],{"className":28,"code":60428,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[33,60430,60431,60450],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,60432,60433,60435,60437,60439,60441,60443,60446,60448],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,60434,2280],{"class":42},[36,60436,47],{"class":46},[36,60438,22592],{"class":80},[36,60440,145],{"class":50},[36,60442,88],{"class":87},[36,60444,60445],{"class":91},"hello world",[36,60447,88],{"class":87},[36,60449,152],{"class":50},[36,60451,60452,60454,60456,60458],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,60453,142],{"class":141},[36,60455,145],{"class":50},[36,60457,2315],{"class":148},[36,60459,152],{"class":50},[14,60461,60462],{},[180,60463,182],{},[26,60465,60467],{"className":28,"code":60466,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[33,60468,60469],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,60470,60471,60473,60475,60477,60479,60481,60483,60485,60487,60489,60491,60493,60495,60497,60499,60501,60503,60505,60507,60509,60511,60513,60515,60517,60519,60521,60524,60526,60528,60530,60532,60534,60536,60538,60541,60543,60545,60547,60549,60551,60553,60555,60557,60559],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,60472,3941],{"class":50},[36,60474,211],{"class":87},[36,60476,741],{"class":91},[36,60478,211],{"class":87},[36,60480,58],{"class":50},[36,60482,220],{"class":87},[36,60484,750],{"class":91},[36,60486,211],{"class":87},[36,60488,58],{"class":50},[36,60490,220],{"class":87},[36,60492,759],{"class":91},[36,60494,211],{"class":87},[36,60496,58],{"class":50},[36,60498,220],{"class":87},[36,60500,759],{"class":91},[36,60502,211],{"class":87},[36,60504,58],{"class":50},[36,60506,220],{"class":87},[36,60508,768],{"class":91},[36,60510,211],{"class":87},[36,60512,58],{"class":50},[36,60514,220],{"class":87},[36,60516,220],{"class":87},[36,60518,58],{"class":50},[36,60520,220],{"class":87},[36,60522,60523],{"class":91},"w",[36,60525,211],{"class":87},[36,60527,58],{"class":50},[36,60529,220],{"class":87},[36,60531,768],{"class":91},[36,60533,211],{"class":87},[36,60535,58],{"class":50},[36,60537,220],{"class":87},[36,60539,60540],{"class":91},"r",[36,60542,211],{"class":87},[36,60544,58],{"class":50},[36,60546,220],{"class":87},[36,60548,759],{"class":91},[36,60550,211],{"class":87},[36,60552,58],{"class":50},[36,60554,220],{"class":87},[36,60556,18799],{"class":91},[36,60558,211],{"class":87},[36,60560,1355],{"class":50},[14,60562,60563,60564,60567],{},"If you want words, use ",[33,60565,60566],{},"split()"," instead:",[26,60569,60571],{"className":28,"code":60570,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[33,60572,60573,60591],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,60574,60575,60577,60579,60581,60583,60585,60587,60589],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,60576,75],{"class":42},[36,60578,47],{"class":46},[36,60580,99],{"class":87},[36,60582,60445],{"class":91},[36,60584,88],{"class":87},[36,60586,303],{"class":50},[36,60588,34503],{"class":148},[36,60590,128],{"class":50},[36,60592,60593,60595,60597,60599],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,60594,142],{"class":141},[36,60596,145],{"class":50},[36,60598,162],{"class":148},[36,60600,152],{"class":50},[14,60602,60603],{},[180,60604,182],{},[26,60606,60608],{"className":28,"code":60607,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['hello', 'world']\n",[33,60609,60610],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,60611,60612,60614,60616,60618,60620,60622,60624,60627,60629],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,60613,3941],{"class":50},[36,60615,211],{"class":87},[36,60617,708],{"class":91},[36,60619,211],{"class":87},[36,60621,58],{"class":50},[36,60623,220],{"class":87},[36,60625,60626],{"class":91},"world",[36,60628,211],{"class":87},[36,60630,1355],{"class":50},[376,60632,60634],{"id":60633},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[14,60636,60637],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[26,60639,60641],{"className":28,"code":60640,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[33,60642,60643,60647],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,60644,60645],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,60646,4574],{"class":1617},[36,60648,60649,60651,60653,60655,60657,60659,60661,60663,60665,60668,60670,60672,60674],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,60650,5034],{"class":42},[36,60652,47],{"class":46},[36,60654,1333],{"class":50},[36,60656,88],{"class":87},[36,60658,12912],{"class":91},[36,60660,88],{"class":87},[36,60662,58],{"class":50},[36,60664,99],{"class":87},[36,60666,60667],{"class":91},"Ben', ",[36,60669,88],{"class":87},[36,60671,35986],{"class":42},[36,60673,88],{"class":87},[36,60675,1355],{"class":91},[14,60677,60678],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[26,60680,60682],{"className":28,"code":60681,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[33,60683,60684],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,60685,60686,60688,60690,60692,60694,60696,60698,60700,60702,60704,60706,60708,60710,60712,60714],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,60687,5034],{"class":42},[36,60689,47],{"class":46},[36,60691,1333],{"class":50},[36,60693,88],{"class":87},[36,60695,12912],{"class":91},[36,60697,88],{"class":87},[36,60699,58],{"class":50},[36,60701,99],{"class":87},[36,60703,35977],{"class":91},[36,60705,88],{"class":87},[36,60707,58],{"class":50},[36,60709,99],{"class":87},[36,60711,35986],{"class":91},[36,60713,88],{"class":87},[36,60715,1355],{"class":50},[376,60717,60719],{"id":60718},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[14,60721,60722],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[246,60724,60725,60728,60731,60736],{},[249,60726,60727],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[249,60729,60730],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[249,60732,60733,60734],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[33,60735,24814],{},[249,60737,8489,60738,60741],{},[33,60739,60740],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[376,60743,60745],{"id":60744},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[26,60747,60749],{"className":28,"code":60748,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[33,60750,60751,60761,60775,60789],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,60752,60753,60755,60757,60759],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,60754,142],{"class":141},[36,60756,145],{"class":50},[36,60758,8375],{"class":148},[36,60760,152],{"class":50},[36,60762,60763,60765,60767,60769,60771,60773],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,60764,142],{"class":141},[36,60766,145],{"class":50},[36,60768,818],{"class":80},[36,60770,145],{"class":50},[36,60772,8375],{"class":148},[36,60774,445],{"class":50},[36,60776,60777,60779,60781,60783,60785,60787],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,60778,142],{"class":141},[36,60780,145],{"class":50},[36,60782,438],{"class":141},[36,60784,145],{"class":50},[36,60786,8375],{"class":148},[36,60788,445],{"class":50},[36,60790,60791,60793,60795,60797,60799,60801,60803,60805],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,60792,142],{"class":141},[36,60794,145],{"class":50},[36,60796,1225],{"class":80},[36,60798,145],{"class":50},[36,60800,60037],{"class":141},[36,60802,145],{"class":50},[36,60804,2183],{"class":54},[36,60806,2961],{"class":50},[14,60808,26042],{},[246,60810,60811,60814,60817,60820],{},[249,60812,60813],{},"what the list contains",[249,60815,60816],{},"whether the value is really a list",[249,60818,60819],{},"how many items it has",[249,60821,26053,60822,60824,60825],{},[33,60823,24814],{}," does with ",[33,60826,517],{},[21,60828,60830],{"id":60829},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[14,60832,60833],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[14,60835,60836],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[246,60838,60839,60854,60859],{},[249,60840,495,60841,2238,60845,17102,60849,60853],{},[294,60842,60843],{"href":56806},[33,60844,52691],{},[294,60846,60847],{"href":53383},[33,60848,53485],{},[294,60850,60851],{"href":53947},[33,60852,54307],{}," to add items later",[249,60855,495,60856,60858],{},[294,60857,59434],{"href":51018}," for a broader introduction",[249,60860,495,60861,60865],{},[294,60862,60863,60097],{"href":60094},[33,60864,24814],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[21,60867,1872],{"id":1871},[376,60869,60871],{"id":60870},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[14,60873,60874],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[26,60876,60877],{"className":28,"code":38333,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,60878,60879],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,60880,60881],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,60882,38333],{"class":50},[376,60884,60886],{"id":60885},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[14,60888,60889],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[26,60891,60892],{"className":28,"code":55189,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,60893,60894],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,60895,60896,60898,60900,60902,60904,60906,60908],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,60897,3941],{"class":50},[36,60899,55],{"class":54},[36,60901,58],{"class":50},[36,60903,61],{"class":54},[36,60905,58],{"class":50},[36,60907,66],{"class":54},[36,60909,1355],{"class":50},[376,60911,5182,60913,60915],{"id":60912},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[33,60914,24814],{}," do in Python?",[14,60917,60918,60919,60921],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[33,60920,517],{},", into a list.",[376,60923,60925],{"id":60924},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[14,60927,60928],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[376,60930,5220,60932,482,60934,2541],{"id":60931},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[33,60933,3831],{},[33,60935,7405],{},[14,60937,60938,60940,60941,60943],{},[33,60939,3831],{}," creates a list. ",[33,60942,7405],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[21,60945,1923],{"id":1922},[246,60947,60948,60952,60958,60964,60970,60976,60980],{},[249,60949,60950],{},[294,60951,59434],{"href":51018},[249,60953,60954],{},[294,60955,55559,60956,11352],{"href":56806},[33,60957,52691],{},[249,60959,60960],{},[294,60961,55559,60962,11352],{"href":53383},[33,60963,53485],{},[249,60965,60966],{},[294,60967,55559,60968,11352],{"href":53947},[33,60969,54307],{},[249,60971,60972],{},[294,60973,1935,60974,3624],{"href":60094},[33,60975,24814],{},[249,60977,60978],{},[294,60979,59437],{"href":58532},[249,60981,60982],{},[294,60983,60984],{"href":12095},"Mutability in Python Explained",[14,60986,60987,60988,60990],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[33,60989,52691],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1962,60992,60993],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":60995},[60996,60997,60998,60999,61002,61003,61009,61010,61020,61021,61030],{"id":23,"depth":72,"text":24},{"id":243,"depth":72,"text":244},{"id":59329,"depth":72,"text":59330},{"id":59440,"depth":72,"text":59441,"children":61000},[61001],{"id":59642,"depth":118,"text":59643},{"id":59658,"depth":72,"text":59659},{"id":59855,"depth":72,"text":61004,"children":61005},"Create a list with list()",[61006,61007,61008],{"id":59880,"depth":118,"text":59881},{"id":59953,"depth":118,"text":59954},{"id":60018,"depth":118,"text":60019},{"id":60100,"depth":72,"text":60101},{"id":4556,"depth":72,"text":4557,"children":61011},[61012,61013,61015,61017,61018,61019],{"id":60237,"depth":118,"text":60238},{"id":60296,"depth":118,"text":61014},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60416,"depth":118,"text":61016},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60633,"depth":118,"text":60634},{"id":60718,"depth":118,"text":60719},{"id":60744,"depth":118,"text":60745},{"id":60829,"depth":72,"text":60830},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":61022},[61023,61024,61025,61027,61028],{"id":60870,"depth":118,"text":60871},{"id":60885,"depth":118,"text":60886},{"id":60912,"depth":118,"text":61026},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60924,"depth":118,"text":60925},{"id":60931,"depth":118,"text":61029},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59071,"description":61031},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61038,"title":61039,"body":61040,"description":62781,"extension":2009,"meta":62782,"navigation":134,"path":62783,"seo":62784,"stem":62785,"__hash__":62786},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61041,"toc":62736},[61042,61047,61052,61055,61057,61128,61133,61138,61142,61156,61161,61163,61183,61188,61191,61214,61218,61223,61315,61317,61339,61345,61351,61358,61365,61371,61428,61434,61492,61494,61506,61514,61520,61525,61529,61586,61589,61593,61652,61655,61659,61717,61729,61733,61786,61789,61793,61799,61805,61867,61870,61931,61934,61990,61995,61997,62001,62008,62069,62074,62083,62139,62146,62150,62208,62217,62275,62279,62314,62318,62328,62331,62386,62400,62403,62518,62523,62527,62538,62540,62619,62629,62631,62636,62641,62648,62656,62662,62665,62671,62674,62680,62686,62688,62724,62733],[10,61043,54381,61045,11352],{"id":61044},"python-list-extend-method",[33,61046,53485],{},[14,61048,61049,61051],{},[33,61050,53386],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[14,61053,61054],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[21,61056,2051],{"id":2050},[26,61058,61060],{"className":28,"code":61059,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[33,61061,61062,61078,61095,61099,61114,61124],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,61063,61064,61066,61068,61070,61072,61074,61076],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,61065,43],{"class":42},[36,61067,47],{"class":46},[36,61069,1333],{"class":50},[36,61071,55],{"class":54},[36,61073,58],{"class":50},[36,61075,61],{"class":54},[36,61077,1355],{"class":50},[36,61079,61080,61083,61085,61087,61089,61091,61093],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,61081,61082],{"class":42},"more_numbers ",[36,61084,47],{"class":46},[36,61086,1333],{"class":50},[36,61088,485],{"class":54},[36,61090,58],{"class":50},[36,61092,559],{"class":54},[36,61094,1355],{"class":50},[36,61096,61097],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,61098,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,61100,61101,61103,61105,61107,61109,61112],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,61102,149],{"class":42},[36,61104,303],{"class":50},[36,61106,53515],{"class":148},[36,61108,145],{"class":50},[36,61110,61111],{"class":148},"more_numbers",[36,61113,152],{"class":50},[36,61115,61116,61118,61120,61122],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,61117,142],{"class":141},[36,61119,145],{"class":50},[36,61121,149],{"class":148},[36,61123,152],{"class":50},[36,61125,61126],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,61127,52762],{"class":1617},[14,61129,495,61130,61132],{},[33,61131,53485],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[21,61134,3720,61136,3723],{"id":61135},"what-listextend-does",[33,61137,53386],{},[14,61139,61140,1213],{},[33,61141,53485],{},[246,61143,61144,61147,61149,61152],{},[249,61145,61146],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[249,61148,54467],{},[249,61150,61151],{},"Does not create a new list",[249,61153,11454,61154],{},[33,61155,3822],{},[14,61157,61158,61159,53840],{},"This is an important point: ",[33,61160,53485],{},[21,61162,2205],{"id":2204},[26,61164,61166],{"className":28,"code":61165,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[33,61167,61168],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,61169,61170,61173,61175,61177,61179,61181],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,61171,61172],{"class":42},"list_name",[36,61174,303],{"class":50},[36,61176,53515],{"class":148},[36,61178,145],{"class":50},[36,61180,3764],{"class":148},[36,61182,152],{"class":50},[14,61184,5493,61185,61187],{},[180,61186,3764],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[14,61189,61190],{},"Common iterables include:",[246,61192,61193,61197,61201,61205,61210],{},[249,61194,61195],{},[33,61196,1225],{},[249,61198,61199],{},[33,61200,48991],{},[249,61202,61203],{},[33,61204,231],{},[249,61206,61207],{},[33,61208,61209],{},"string",[249,61211,61212],{},[33,61213,60037],{},[21,61215,61217],{"id":61216},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[14,61219,61220,61221,1213],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[33,61222,53485],{},[26,61224,61226],{"className":28,"code":61225,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[33,61227,61228,61252,61277,61281,61296,61300,61310],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,61229,61230,61232,61234,61236,61238,61240,61242,61244,61246,61248,61250],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,61231,36273],{"class":42},[36,61233,47],{"class":46},[36,61235,1333],{"class":50},[36,61237,88],{"class":87},[36,61239,92],{"class":91},[36,61241,88],{"class":87},[36,61243,58],{"class":50},[36,61245,99],{"class":87},[36,61247,102],{"class":91},[36,61249,88],{"class":87},[36,61251,1355],{"class":50},[36,61253,61254,61257,61259,61261,61263,61265,61267,61269,61271,61273,61275],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,61255,61256],{"class":42},"more_fruits ",[36,61258,47],{"class":46},[36,61260,1333],{"class":50},[36,61262,88],{"class":87},[36,61264,1005],{"class":91},[36,61266,88],{"class":87},[36,61268,58],{"class":50},[36,61270,99],{"class":87},[36,61272,22565],{"class":91},[36,61274,88],{"class":87},[36,61276,1355],{"class":50},[36,61278,61279],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,61280,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,61282,61283,61285,61287,61289,61291,61294],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,61284,36325],{"class":42},[36,61286,303],{"class":50},[36,61288,53515],{"class":148},[36,61290,145],{"class":50},[36,61292,61293],{"class":148},"more_fruits",[36,61295,152],{"class":50},[36,61297,61298],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,61299,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,61301,61302,61304,61306,61308],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,61303,142],{"class":141},[36,61305,145],{"class":50},[36,61307,36325],{"class":148},[36,61309,152],{"class":50},[36,61311,61312],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,61313,61314],{"class":1617},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[14,61316,11714],{},[246,61318,61319,61324,61329],{},[249,61320,61321,61323],{},[33,61322,36325],{}," starts with two items",[249,61325,61326,61328],{},[33,61327,61293],{}," has two more items",[249,61330,61331,61333,61334,61336,61337],{},[33,61332,53485],{}," adds each item from ",[33,61335,61293],{}," to ",[33,61338,36325],{},[14,61340,61341,61342,61344],{},"After the method runs, ",[33,61343,36325],{}," contains all four items.",[14,61346,54606,61347,482,61349,303],{},[294,61348,52810],{"href":51018},[294,61350,57192],{"href":57191},[21,61352,61354,10615,61356],{"id":61353},"extend-vs-append",[33,61355,53485],{},[33,61357,52691],{},[14,61359,61360,482,61362,61364],{},[33,61361,53485],{},[33,61363,52691],{}," are often confused.",[376,61366,61368,61370],{"id":61367},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[33,61369,53485],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[26,61372,61374],{"className":28,"code":61373,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[33,61375,61376,61392,61410,61414,61424],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,61377,61378,61380,61382,61384,61386,61388,61390],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,61379,43],{"class":42},[36,61381,47],{"class":46},[36,61383,1333],{"class":50},[36,61385,55],{"class":54},[36,61387,58],{"class":50},[36,61389,61],{"class":54},[36,61391,1355],{"class":50},[36,61393,61394,61396,61398,61400,61402,61404,61406,61408],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,61395,149],{"class":42},[36,61397,303],{"class":50},[36,61399,53515],{"class":148},[36,61401,84],{"class":50},[36,61403,485],{"class":54},[36,61405,58],{"class":50},[36,61407,559],{"class":54},[36,61409,115],{"class":50},[36,61411,61412],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,61413,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,61415,61416,61418,61420,61422],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,61417,142],{"class":141},[36,61419,145],{"class":50},[36,61421,149],{"class":148},[36,61423,152],{"class":50},[36,61425,61426],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,61427,52762],{"class":1617},[376,61429,61431,61433],{"id":61430},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[33,61432,52691],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[26,61435,61437],{"className":28,"code":61436,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[33,61438,61439,61455,61473,61477,61487],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,61440,61441,61443,61445,61447,61449,61451,61453],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,61442,43],{"class":42},[36,61444,47],{"class":46},[36,61446,1333],{"class":50},[36,61448,55],{"class":54},[36,61450,58],{"class":50},[36,61452,61],{"class":54},[36,61454,1355],{"class":50},[36,61456,61457,61459,61461,61463,61465,61467,61469,61471],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,61458,149],{"class":42},[36,61460,303],{"class":50},[36,61462,13586],{"class":148},[36,61464,84],{"class":50},[36,61466,485],{"class":54},[36,61468,58],{"class":50},[36,61470,559],{"class":54},[36,61472,115],{"class":50},[36,61474,61475],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,61476,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,61478,61479,61481,61483,61485],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,61480,142],{"class":141},[36,61482,145],{"class":50},[36,61484,149],{"class":148},[36,61486,152],{"class":50},[36,61488,61489],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,61490,61491],{"class":1617},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[14,61493,18726],{},[246,61495,61496,61501],{},[249,61497,61498,61500],{},[33,61499,53485],{}," to combine values",[249,61502,61503,61505],{},[33,61504,52691],{}," to add one item",[14,61507,42130,61508,482,61512,303],{},[294,61509,55559,61510,1939],{"href":56806},[33,61511,52691],{},[294,61513,53088],{"href":53087},[21,61515,1462,61517,61519],{"id":61516},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[33,61518,53485],{}," with different iterables",[14,61521,61522,61524],{},[33,61523,53485],{}," works with more than just lists.",[376,61526,61528],{"id":61527},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[26,61530,61532],{"className":28,"code":61531,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[33,61533,61534,61550,61568,61572,61582],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,61535,61536,61538,61540,61542,61544,61546,61548],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,61537,621],{"class":42},[36,61539,47],{"class":46},[36,61541,1333],{"class":50},[36,61543,55],{"class":54},[36,61545,58],{"class":50},[36,61547,61],{"class":54},[36,61549,1355],{"class":50},[36,61551,61552,61554,61556,61558,61560,61562,61564,61566],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,61553,656],{"class":42},[36,61555,303],{"class":50},[36,61557,53515],{"class":148},[36,61559,628],{"class":50},[36,61561,485],{"class":54},[36,61563,58],{"class":50},[36,61565,559],{"class":54},[36,61567,445],{"class":50},[36,61569,61570],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,61571,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,61573,61574,61576,61578,61580],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,61575,142],{"class":141},[36,61577,145],{"class":50},[36,61579,656],{"class":148},[36,61581,152],{"class":50},[36,61583,61584],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,61585,52762],{"class":1617},[14,61587,61588],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[376,61590,61592],{"id":61591},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[26,61594,61596],{"className":28,"code":61595,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[33,61597,61598,61614,61633,61637,61647],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,61599,61600,61602,61604,61606,61608,61610,61612],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,61601,697],{"class":42},[36,61603,47],{"class":46},[36,61605,1333],{"class":50},[36,61607,88],{"class":87},[36,61609,294],{"class":91},[36,61611,88],{"class":87},[36,61613,1355],{"class":50},[36,61615,61616,61618,61620,61622,61624,61626,61629,61631],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,61617,721],{"class":42},[36,61619,303],{"class":50},[36,61621,53515],{"class":148},[36,61623,145],{"class":50},[36,61625,88],{"class":87},[36,61627,61628],{"class":91},"bc",[36,61630,88],{"class":87},[36,61632,152],{"class":50},[36,61634,61635],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,61636,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,61638,61639,61641,61643,61645],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,61640,142],{"class":141},[36,61642,145],{"class":50},[36,61644,721],{"class":148},[36,61646,152],{"class":50},[36,61648,61649],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,61650,61651],{"class":1617},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[14,61653,61654],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[376,61656,61658],{"id":61657},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[26,61660,61662],{"className":28,"code":61661,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[33,61663,61664,61676,61698,61702,61712],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,61665,61666,61668,61670,61672,61674],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,61667,43],{"class":42},[36,61669,47],{"class":46},[36,61671,1333],{"class":50},[36,61673,2166],{"class":54},[36,61675,1355],{"class":50},[36,61677,61678,61680,61682,61684,61686,61688,61690,61692,61694,61696],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,61679,149],{"class":42},[36,61681,303],{"class":50},[36,61683,53515],{"class":148},[36,61685,145],{"class":50},[36,61687,60037],{"class":141},[36,61689,145],{"class":50},[36,61691,55],{"class":54},[36,61693,58],{"class":50},[36,61695,559],{"class":54},[36,61697,445],{"class":50},[36,61699,61700],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,61701,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,61703,61704,61706,61708,61710],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,61705,142],{"class":141},[36,61707,145],{"class":50},[36,61709,149],{"class":148},[36,61711,152],{"class":50},[36,61713,61714],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,61715,61716],{"class":1617},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[14,61718,61719,61722,61723,2238,61725,17102,61727,303],{},[33,61720,61721],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[33,61724,55],{},[33,61726,481],{},[33,61728,485],{},[376,61730,61732],{"id":61731},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[26,61734,61736],{"className":28,"code":61735,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[33,61737,61738,61754,61772,61776],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,61739,61740,61742,61744,61746,61748,61750,61752],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,61741,1328],{"class":42},[36,61743,47],{"class":46},[36,61745,1333],{"class":50},[36,61747,55],{"class":54},[36,61749,58],{"class":50},[36,61751,61],{"class":54},[36,61753,1355],{"class":50},[36,61755,61756,61758,61760,61762,61764,61766,61768,61770],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,61757,1369],{"class":42},[36,61759,303],{"class":50},[36,61761,53515],{"class":148},[36,61763,5568],{"class":50},[36,61765,485],{"class":54},[36,61767,58],{"class":50},[36,61769,559],{"class":54},[36,61771,30530],{"class":50},[36,61773,61774],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,61775,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,61777,61778,61780,61782,61784],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,61779,142],{"class":141},[36,61781,145],{"class":50},[36,61783,1369],{"class":148},[36,61785,152],{"class":50},[14,61787,61788],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[21,61790,61792],{"id":61791},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[14,61794,61795,2448,61797,303],{},[33,61796,53485],{},[33,61798,3822],{},[14,61800,61801,61802,1213],{},"That means this is ",[180,61803,61804],{},"wrong",[26,61806,61808],{"className":28,"code":61807,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[33,61809,61810,61826,61848,61852,61862],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,61811,61812,61814,61816,61818,61820,61822,61824],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,61813,43],{"class":42},[36,61815,47],{"class":46},[36,61817,1333],{"class":50},[36,61819,55],{"class":54},[36,61821,58],{"class":50},[36,61823,61],{"class":54},[36,61825,1355],{"class":50},[36,61827,61828,61830,61832,61834,61836,61838,61840,61842,61844,61846],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,61829,2280],{"class":42},[36,61831,47],{"class":46},[36,61833,4301],{"class":42},[36,61835,303],{"class":50},[36,61837,53515],{"class":148},[36,61839,84],{"class":50},[36,61841,485],{"class":54},[36,61843,58],{"class":50},[36,61845,559],{"class":54},[36,61847,115],{"class":50},[36,61849,61850],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,61851,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,61853,61854,61856,61858,61860],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,61855,142],{"class":141},[36,61857,145],{"class":50},[36,61859,2315],{"class":148},[36,61861,152],{"class":50},[36,61863,61864],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,61865,61866],{"class":1617},"# None\n",[14,61868,61869],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[26,61871,61873],{"className":28,"code":61872,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[33,61874,61875,61891,61913,61917,61927],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,61876,61877,61879,61881,61883,61885,61887,61889],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,61878,43],{"class":42},[36,61880,47],{"class":46},[36,61882,1333],{"class":50},[36,61884,55],{"class":54},[36,61886,58],{"class":50},[36,61888,61],{"class":54},[36,61890,1355],{"class":50},[36,61892,61893,61895,61897,61899,61901,61903,61905,61907,61909,61911],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,61894,43],{"class":42},[36,61896,47],{"class":46},[36,61898,4301],{"class":42},[36,61900,303],{"class":50},[36,61902,53515],{"class":148},[36,61904,84],{"class":50},[36,61906,485],{"class":54},[36,61908,58],{"class":50},[36,61910,559],{"class":54},[36,61912,115],{"class":50},[36,61914,61915],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,61916,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,61918,61919,61921,61923,61925],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,61920,142],{"class":141},[36,61922,145],{"class":50},[36,61924,149],{"class":148},[36,61926,152],{"class":50},[36,61928,61929],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,61930,61866],{"class":1617},[14,61932,61933],{},"The correct way is:",[26,61935,61936],{"className":28,"code":61373,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,61937,61938,61954,61972,61976,61986],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,61939,61940,61942,61944,61946,61948,61950,61952],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,61941,43],{"class":42},[36,61943,47],{"class":46},[36,61945,1333],{"class":50},[36,61947,55],{"class":54},[36,61949,58],{"class":50},[36,61951,61],{"class":54},[36,61953,1355],{"class":50},[36,61955,61956,61958,61960,61962,61964,61966,61968,61970],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,61957,149],{"class":42},[36,61959,303],{"class":50},[36,61961,53515],{"class":148},[36,61963,84],{"class":50},[36,61965,485],{"class":54},[36,61967,58],{"class":50},[36,61969,559],{"class":54},[36,61971,115],{"class":50},[36,61973,61974],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,61975,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,61977,61978,61980,61982,61984],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,61979,142],{"class":141},[36,61981,145],{"class":50},[36,61983,149],{"class":148},[36,61985,152],{"class":50},[36,61987,61988],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,61989,52762],{"class":1617},[14,61991,55948,61992,61994],{},[33,61993,53485],{}," first, then use the original list.",[21,61996,4557],{"id":4556},[14,61998,14766,61999,303],{},[33,62000,53485],{},[376,62002,62004,62005,62007],{"id":62003},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[33,62006,53485],{}," to return a new list",[26,62009,62011],{"className":28,"code":62010,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[33,62012,62013,62029,62051,62055,62065],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,62014,62015,62017,62019,62021,62023,62025,62027],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,62016,43],{"class":42},[36,62018,47],{"class":46},[36,62020,1333],{"class":50},[36,62022,55],{"class":54},[36,62024,58],{"class":50},[36,62026,61],{"class":54},[36,62028,1355],{"class":50},[36,62030,62031,62033,62035,62037,62039,62041,62043,62045,62047,62049],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,62032,55681],{"class":42},[36,62034,47],{"class":46},[36,62036,4301],{"class":42},[36,62038,303],{"class":50},[36,62040,53515],{"class":148},[36,62042,84],{"class":50},[36,62044,485],{"class":54},[36,62046,58],{"class":50},[36,62048,559],{"class":54},[36,62050,115],{"class":50},[36,62052,62053],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,62054,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,62056,62057,62059,62061,62063],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,62058,142],{"class":141},[36,62060,145],{"class":50},[36,62062,55700],{"class":148},[36,62064,152],{"class":50},[36,62066,62067],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,62068,61866],{"class":1617},[14,62070,62071,62072,303],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[33,62073,53485],{},[376,62075,62077,62078,44667,62080,62082],{"id":62076},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[33,62079,52691],{},[33,62081,53485],{}," is needed",[26,62084,62085],{"className":28,"code":61436,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,62086,62087,62103,62121,62125,62135],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,62088,62089,62091,62093,62095,62097,62099,62101],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,62090,43],{"class":42},[36,62092,47],{"class":46},[36,62094,1333],{"class":50},[36,62096,55],{"class":54},[36,62098,58],{"class":50},[36,62100,61],{"class":54},[36,62102,1355],{"class":50},[36,62104,62105,62107,62109,62111,62113,62115,62117,62119],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,62106,149],{"class":42},[36,62108,303],{"class":50},[36,62110,13586],{"class":148},[36,62112,84],{"class":50},[36,62114,485],{"class":54},[36,62116,58],{"class":50},[36,62118,559],{"class":54},[36,62120,115],{"class":50},[36,62122,62123],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,62124,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,62126,62127,62129,62131,62133],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,62128,142],{"class":141},[36,62130,145],{"class":50},[36,62132,149],{"class":148},[36,62134,152],{"class":50},[36,62136,62137],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,62138,61491],{"class":1617},[14,62140,62141,62142,53930,62144,1524],{},"If you wanted ",[33,62143,53929],{},[33,62145,53485],{},[376,62147,62149],{"id":62148},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[26,62151,62153],{"className":28,"code":62152,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[33,62154,62155,62171,62189,62193,62203],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,62156,62157,62159,62161,62163,62165,62167,62169],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,62158,75],{"class":42},[36,62160,47],{"class":46},[36,62162,1333],{"class":50},[36,62164,88],{"class":87},[36,62166,708],{"class":91},[36,62168,88],{"class":87},[36,62170,1355],{"class":50},[36,62172,62173,62175,62177,62179,62181,62183,62185,62187],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,62174,162],{"class":42},[36,62176,303],{"class":50},[36,62178,53515],{"class":148},[36,62180,145],{"class":50},[36,62182,88],{"class":87},[36,62184,60626],{"class":91},[36,62186,88],{"class":87},[36,62188,152],{"class":50},[36,62190,62191],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,62192,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,62194,62195,62197,62199,62201],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,62196,142],{"class":141},[36,62198,145],{"class":50},[36,62200,162],{"class":148},[36,62202,152],{"class":50},[36,62204,62205],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,62206,62207],{"class":1617},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[14,62209,62210,62211,62214,62215,1213],{},"If you want ",[33,62212,62213],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[33,62216,52691],{},[26,62218,62220],{"className":28,"code":62219,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[33,62221,62222,62238,62256,62260,62270],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,62223,62224,62226,62228,62230,62232,62234,62236],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,62225,75],{"class":42},[36,62227,47],{"class":46},[36,62229,1333],{"class":50},[36,62231,88],{"class":87},[36,62233,708],{"class":91},[36,62235,88],{"class":87},[36,62237,1355],{"class":50},[36,62239,62240,62242,62244,62246,62248,62250,62252,62254],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,62241,162],{"class":42},[36,62243,303],{"class":50},[36,62245,13586],{"class":148},[36,62247,145],{"class":50},[36,62249,88],{"class":87},[36,62251,60626],{"class":91},[36,62253,88],{"class":87},[36,62255,152],{"class":50},[36,62257,62258],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,62259,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,62261,62262,62264,62266,62268],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,62263,142],{"class":141},[36,62265,145],{"class":50},[36,62267,162],{"class":148},[36,62269,152],{"class":50},[36,62271,62272],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,62273,62274],{"class":1617},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[376,62276,62278],{"id":62277},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[26,62280,62282],{"className":28,"code":62281,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[33,62283,62284,62300],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,62285,62286,62288,62290,62292,62294,62296,62298],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,62287,43],{"class":42},[36,62289,47],{"class":46},[36,62291,1333],{"class":50},[36,62293,55],{"class":54},[36,62295,58],{"class":50},[36,62297,61],{"class":54},[36,62299,1355],{"class":50},[36,62301,62302,62304,62306,62308,62310,62312],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,62303,149],{"class":42},[36,62305,303],{"class":50},[36,62307,53515],{"class":148},[36,62309,145],{"class":50},[36,62311,2183],{"class":54},[36,62313,152],{"class":50},[14,62315,39690,62316,6591],{},[33,62317,2183],{},[14,62319,62320,62321,62323,62324,62327],{},"You will get a ",[33,62322,1210],{},". See ",[294,62325,62326],{"href":52638},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[14,62329,62330],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[26,62332,62334],{"className":28,"code":62333,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[33,62335,62336,62346,62360,62372],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,62337,62338,62340,62342,62344],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,62339,142],{"class":141},[36,62341,145],{"class":50},[36,62343,8375],{"class":148},[36,62345,152],{"class":50},[36,62347,62348,62350,62352,62354,62356,62358],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,62349,142],{"class":141},[36,62351,145],{"class":50},[36,62353,818],{"class":80},[36,62355,145],{"class":50},[36,62357,656],{"class":148},[36,62359,445],{"class":50},[36,62361,62362,62364,62366,62368,62370],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,62363,142],{"class":141},[36,62365,145],{"class":50},[36,62367,2315],{"class":148},[36,62369,3703],{"class":50},[36,62371,152],{"class":42},[36,62373,62374,62376,62378,62380,62382,62384],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,62375,32186],{"class":141},[36,62377,145],{"class":50},[36,62379,1225],{"class":80},[36,62381,303],{"class":50},[36,62383,53515],{"class":24783},[36,62385,152],{"class":50},[43618,62387,62388],{},[14,62389,62390,62391,62394,62395,62397,62398,303],{},"Note: ",[33,62392,62393],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[33,62396,3703],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[33,62399,33061],{},[14,62401,62402],{},"Correct debugging example:",[26,62404,62406],{"className":28,"code":62405,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[33,62407,62408,62424,62440,62444,62458,62462,62470,62480,62494,62504],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,62409,62410,62412,62414,62416,62418,62420,62422],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,62411,8344],{"class":42},[36,62413,47],{"class":46},[36,62415,1333],{"class":50},[36,62417,55],{"class":54},[36,62419,58],{"class":50},[36,62421,61],{"class":54},[36,62423,1355],{"class":50},[36,62425,62426,62428,62430,62432,62434,62436,62438],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,62427,621],{"class":42},[36,62429,47],{"class":46},[36,62431,1333],{"class":50},[36,62433,485],{"class":54},[36,62435,58],{"class":50},[36,62437,559],{"class":54},[36,62439,1355],{"class":50},[36,62441,62442],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,62443,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,62445,62446,62448,62450,62452,62454,62456],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,62447,8375],{"class":42},[36,62449,303],{"class":50},[36,62451,53515],{"class":148},[36,62453,145],{"class":50},[36,62455,656],{"class":148},[36,62457,152],{"class":50},[36,62459,62460],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,62461,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,62463,62464,62466,62468],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,62465,2280],{"class":42},[36,62467,47],{"class":46},[36,62469,48565],{"class":1143},[36,62471,62472,62474,62476,62478],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,62473,142],{"class":141},[36,62475,145],{"class":50},[36,62477,8375],{"class":148},[36,62479,152],{"class":50},[36,62481,62482,62484,62486,62488,62490,62492],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,62483,142],{"class":141},[36,62485,145],{"class":50},[36,62487,818],{"class":80},[36,62489,145],{"class":50},[36,62491,656],{"class":148},[36,62493,445],{"class":50},[36,62495,62496,62498,62500,62502],{"class":38,"line":6471},[36,62497,142],{"class":141},[36,62499,145],{"class":50},[36,62501,2315],{"class":148},[36,62503,152],{"class":50},[36,62505,62506,62508,62510,62512,62514,62516],{"class":38,"line":6476},[36,62507,32186],{"class":141},[36,62509,145],{"class":50},[36,62511,1225],{"class":80},[36,62513,303],{"class":50},[36,62515,53515],{"class":24783},[36,62517,152],{"class":50},[21,62519,5000,62521],{"id":62520},"when-to-use-extend",[33,62522,53485],{},[14,62524,495,62525,6357],{},[33,62526,53485],{},[246,62528,62529,62532,62535],{},[249,62530,62531],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[249,62533,62534],{},"Add multiple values at once",[249,62536,62537],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[14,62539,5512],{},[26,62541,62543],{"className":28,"code":62542,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[33,62544,62545,62562,62580,62584,62600,62604,62614],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,62546,62547,62550,62552,62554,62556,62558,62560],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,62548,62549],{"class":42},"all_scores ",[36,62551,47],{"class":46},[36,62553,1333],{"class":50},[36,62555,13535],{"class":54},[36,62557,58],{"class":50},[36,62559,13540],{"class":54},[36,62561,1355],{"class":50},[36,62563,62564,62567,62569,62571,62573,62575,62578],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,62565,62566],{"class":42},"new_scores ",[36,62568,47],{"class":46},[36,62570,1333],{"class":50},[36,62572,51544],{"class":54},[36,62574,58],{"class":50},[36,62576,62577],{"class":54}," 92",[36,62579,1355],{"class":50},[36,62581,62582],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,62583,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,62585,62586,62589,62591,62593,62595,62598],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,62587,62588],{"class":42},"all_scores",[36,62590,303],{"class":50},[36,62592,53515],{"class":148},[36,62594,145],{"class":50},[36,62596,62597],{"class":148},"new_scores",[36,62599,152],{"class":50},[36,62601,62602],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,62603,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,62605,62606,62608,62610,62612],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,62607,142],{"class":141},[36,62609,145],{"class":50},[36,62611,62588],{"class":148},[36,62613,152],{"class":50},[36,62615,62616],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,62617,62618],{"class":1617},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[14,62620,62621,62622,62624,62625,303],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[33,62623,52691],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[294,62626,55559,62627,1939],{"href":53947},[33,62628,54307],{},[21,62630,1872],{"id":1871},[376,62632,12735,62634,55508],{"id":62633},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[33,62635,53386],{},[14,62637,62638,62639,303],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[33,62640,3822],{},[376,62642,5220,62644,482,62646,2541],{"id":62643},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[33,62645,53485],{},[33,62647,52691],{},[14,62649,62650,62652,62653,62655],{},[33,62651,53485],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[33,62654,52691],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[376,62657,28363,62659,62661],{"id":62658},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[33,62660,53485],{}," with a string?",[14,62663,62664],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[376,62666,28363,62668,62670],{"id":62667},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[33,62669,53485],{}," with a tuple?",[14,62672,62673],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[376,62675,62677,62678,2541],{"id":62676},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[33,62679,53485],{},[14,62681,62682,62683,62685],{},"You get a ",[33,62684,1210],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[21,62687,1923],{"id":1922},[246,62689,62690,62696,62700,62704,62708,62714,62718],{},[249,62691,62692],{},[294,62693,55559,62694,1939],{"href":56806},[33,62695,52691],{},[249,62697,62698],{},[294,62699,54317],{"href":53087},[249,62701,62702],{},[294,62703,57266],{"href":57191},[249,62705,62706],{},[294,62707,52810],{"href":51018},[249,62709,62710],{},[294,62711,55559,62712,1939],{"href":53947},[33,62713,54307],{},[249,62715,62716],{},[294,62717,62326],{"href":52638},[249,62719,62720],{},[294,62721,55559,62722,1939],{"href":54999},[33,62723,12808],{},[14,62725,62726,62727,62729,62730,62732],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[33,62728,52691],{},", when to use ",[33,62731,54307],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1962,62734,62735],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":62737},[62738,62739,62741,62742,62743,62750,62757,62758,62766,62768,62780],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":61135,"depth":72,"text":62740},"What list.extend() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":61216,"depth":72,"text":61217},{"id":61353,"depth":72,"text":62744,"children":62745},"extend() vs append()",[62746,62748],{"id":61367,"depth":118,"text":62747},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61430,"depth":118,"text":62749},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61516,"depth":72,"text":62751,"children":62752},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62753,62754,62755,62756],{"id":61527,"depth":118,"text":61528},{"id":61591,"depth":118,"text":61592},{"id":61657,"depth":118,"text":61658},{"id":61731,"depth":118,"text":61732},{"id":61791,"depth":72,"text":61792},{"id":4556,"depth":72,"text":4557,"children":62759},[62760,62762,62764,62765],{"id":62003,"depth":118,"text":62761},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62076,"depth":118,"text":62763},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62148,"depth":118,"text":62149},{"id":62277,"depth":118,"text":62278},{"id":62520,"depth":72,"text":62767},"When to use extend()",{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":62769},[62770,62772,62774,62776,62778],{"id":62633,"depth":118,"text":62771},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62643,"depth":118,"text":62773},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62658,"depth":118,"text":62775},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62667,"depth":118,"text":62777},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62676,"depth":118,"text":62779},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61039,"description":62781},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62788,"title":62789,"body":62790,"description":64881,"extension":2009,"meta":64882,"navigation":134,"path":64883,"seo":64884,"stem":64885,"__hash__":64886},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62791,"toc":64844},[62792,62795,62800,62806,62817,62823,62825,62894,62896,62945,62953,62957,62962,62965,62976,62981,62983,62985,63006,63019,63022,63035,63037,63042,63067,63069,63077,63080,63149,63151,63175,63181,63185,63189,63225,63227,63247,63254,63258,63291,63293,63327,63332,63336,63369,63371,63399,63407,63411,63448,63450,63471,63474,63478,63547,63549,63573,63579,63586,63590,63593,63595,63609,63612,63636,63638,63663,63666,63685,63687,63713,63722,63726,63733,63810,63812,63853,63859,63865,63956,63958,64014,64017,64022,64026,64031,64035,64094,64096,64121,64125,64188,64190,64215,64219,64282,64284,64327,64330,64334,64338,64360,64364,64446,64448,64483,64491,64493,64497,64501,64503,64530,64535,64537,64564,64571,64574,64597,64599,64648,64651,64654,64673,64677,64680,64731,64734,64740,64744,64749,64752,64754,64760,64769,64773,64779,64783,64786,64790,64793,64797,64803,64805,64841],[10,62793,62789],{"id":62794},"python-list-function-explained",[14,62796,9157,62797,62799],{},[33,62798,24814],{}," function creates a new list.",[14,62801,62802,62803,62805],{},"Beginners usually use ",[33,62804,24814],{}," for two main reasons:",[246,62807,62808,62811],{},[249,62809,62810],{},"to make an empty list",[249,62812,62813,62814,62816],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[33,62815,60037],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[14,62818,62819,62820,62822],{},"This page explains how ",[33,62821,24814],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[21,62824,2051],{"id":2050},[26,62826,62828],{"className":28,"code":62827,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[33,62829,62830,62852,62870,62874,62884],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,62831,62832,62834,62836,62838,62840,62842,62844,62846,62848,62850],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,62833,43],{"class":42},[36,62835,47],{"class":46},[36,62837,22592],{"class":80},[36,62839,628],{"class":50},[36,62841,55],{"class":54},[36,62843,58],{"class":50},[36,62845,61],{"class":54},[36,62847,58],{"class":50},[36,62849,66],{"class":54},[36,62851,445],{"class":50},[36,62853,62854,62856,62858,62860,62862,62864,62866,62868],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,62855,697],{"class":42},[36,62857,47],{"class":46},[36,62859,22592],{"class":80},[36,62861,145],{"class":50},[36,62863,88],{"class":87},[36,62865,41597],{"class":91},[36,62867,88],{"class":87},[36,62869,152],{"class":50},[36,62871,62872],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,62873,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,62875,62876,62878,62880,62882],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,62877,142],{"class":141},[36,62879,145],{"class":50},[36,62881,149],{"class":148},[36,62883,152],{"class":50},[36,62885,62886,62888,62890,62892],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,62887,142],{"class":141},[36,62889,145],{"class":50},[36,62891,721],{"class":148},[36,62893,152],{"class":50},[14,62895,182],{},[26,62897,62899],{"className":28,"code":62898,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[33,62900,62901,62917],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,62902,62903,62905,62907,62909,62911,62913,62915],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,62904,3941],{"class":50},[36,62906,55],{"class":54},[36,62908,58],{"class":50},[36,62910,61],{"class":54},[36,62912,58],{"class":50},[36,62914,66],{"class":54},[36,62916,1355],{"class":50},[36,62918,62919,62921,62923,62925,62927,62929,62931,62933,62935,62937,62939,62941,62943],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,62920,3941],{"class":50},[36,62922,211],{"class":87},[36,62924,294],{"class":91},[36,62926,211],{"class":87},[36,62928,58],{"class":50},[36,62930,220],{"class":87},[36,62932,1707],{"class":91},[36,62934,211],{"class":87},[36,62936,58],{"class":50},[36,62938,220],{"class":87},[36,62940,9770],{"class":91},[36,62942,211],{"class":87},[36,62944,1355],{"class":50},[14,62946,495,62947,62949,62950,62952],{},[33,62948,24814],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[33,62951,60037],{},", set, or dictionary.",[21,62954,62956],{"id":62955},"what-list-does","What list() does",[14,62958,62959,62961],{},[33,62960,24814],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[14,62963,62964],{},"It can:",[246,62966,62967,62970,62973],{},[249,62968,62969],{},"create a new list object",[249,62971,62972],{},"make an empty list",[249,62974,62975],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[14,62977,62978,62979,303],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[294,62980,52810],{"href":51018},[21,62982,2205],{"id":2204},[14,62984,26521],{},[26,62986,62988],{"className":28,"code":62987,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[33,62989,62990,62996],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,62991,62992,62994],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,62993,1225],{"class":80},[36,62995,128],{"class":50},[36,62997,62998,63000,63002,63004],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,62999,1225],{"class":80},[36,63001,145],{"class":50},[36,63003,3764],{"class":148},[36,63005,152],{"class":50},[246,63007,63008,63013],{},[249,63009,63010,63012],{},[33,63011,24814],{}," makes an empty list",[249,63014,63015,63018],{},[33,63016,63017],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[14,63020,63021],{},"Common iterable values include:",[246,63023,63024,63026,63028,63030,63033],{},[249,63025,5350],{},[249,63027,5344],{},[249,63029,5347],{},[249,63031,63032],{},"ranges",[249,63034,7290],{},[21,63036,59659],{"id":59658},[14,63038,495,63039,63041],{},[33,63040,24814],{}," with no arguments:",[26,63043,63045],{"className":28,"code":63044,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[33,63046,63047,63057],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,63048,63049,63051,63053,63055],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,63050,1328],{"class":42},[36,63052,47],{"class":46},[36,63054,22592],{"class":80},[36,63056,128],{"class":50},[36,63058,63059,63061,63063,63065],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,63060,142],{"class":141},[36,63062,145],{"class":50},[36,63064,1369],{"class":148},[36,63066,152],{"class":50},[14,63068,182],{},[26,63070,63071],{"className":28,"code":38333,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,63072,63073],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,63074,63075],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,63076,38333],{"class":50},[14,63078,63079],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[26,63081,63083],{"className":28,"code":63082,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[33,63084,63085,63095,63099,63117,63135,63139],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,63086,63087,63089,63091,63093],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,63088,1328],{"class":42},[36,63090,47],{"class":46},[36,63092,22592],{"class":80},[36,63094,128],{"class":50},[36,63096,63097],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,63098,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,63100,63101,63103,63105,63107,63109,63111,63113,63115],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,63102,1369],{"class":42},[36,63104,303],{"class":50},[36,63106,13586],{"class":148},[36,63108,145],{"class":50},[36,63110,88],{"class":87},[36,63112,92],{"class":91},[36,63114,88],{"class":87},[36,63116,152],{"class":50},[36,63118,63119,63121,63123,63125,63127,63129,63131,63133],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,63120,1369],{"class":42},[36,63122,303],{"class":50},[36,63124,13586],{"class":148},[36,63126,145],{"class":50},[36,63128,88],{"class":87},[36,63130,102],{"class":91},[36,63132,88],{"class":87},[36,63134,152],{"class":50},[36,63136,63137],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,63138,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,63140,63141,63143,63145,63147],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,63142,142],{"class":141},[36,63144,145],{"class":50},[36,63146,1369],{"class":148},[36,63148,152],{"class":50},[14,63150,182],{},[26,63152,63153],{"className":28,"code":38459,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,63154,63155],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,63156,63157,63159,63161,63163,63165,63167,63169,63171,63173],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,63158,3941],{"class":50},[36,63160,211],{"class":87},[36,63162,92],{"class":91},[36,63164,211],{"class":87},[36,63166,58],{"class":50},[36,63168,220],{"class":87},[36,63170,102],{"class":91},[36,63172,211],{"class":87},[36,63174,1355],{"class":50},[14,63176,63177,63178,63180],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[33,63179,3831],{},". Both are valid.",[21,63182,63184],{"id":63183},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[376,63186,63188],{"id":63187},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[26,63190,63191],{"className":28,"code":59957,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,63192,63193,63215],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,63194,63195,63197,63199,63201,63203,63205,63207,63209,63211,63213],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,63196,43],{"class":42},[36,63198,47],{"class":46},[36,63200,22592],{"class":80},[36,63202,628],{"class":50},[36,63204,55],{"class":54},[36,63206,58],{"class":50},[36,63208,61],{"class":54},[36,63210,58],{"class":50},[36,63212,66],{"class":54},[36,63214,445],{"class":50},[36,63216,63217,63219,63221,63223],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,63218,142],{"class":141},[36,63220,145],{"class":50},[36,63222,149],{"class":148},[36,63224,152],{"class":50},[14,63226,182],{},[26,63228,63229],{"className":28,"code":55189,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,63230,63231],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,63232,63233,63235,63237,63239,63241,63243,63245],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,63234,3941],{"class":50},[36,63236,55],{"class":54},[36,63238,58],{"class":50},[36,63240,61],{"class":54},[36,63242,58],{"class":50},[36,63244,66],{"class":54},[36,63246,1355],{"class":50},[14,63248,63249,63250,303],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[294,63251,63253],{"href":63252},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[376,63255,63257],{"id":63256},"string-to-list","String to list",[26,63259,63261],{"className":28,"code":63260,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[33,63262,63263,63281],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,63264,63265,63267,63269,63271,63273,63275,63277,63279],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,63266,697],{"class":42},[36,63268,47],{"class":46},[36,63270,22592],{"class":80},[36,63272,145],{"class":50},[36,63274,88],{"class":87},[36,63276,37082],{"class":91},[36,63278,88],{"class":87},[36,63280,152],{"class":50},[36,63282,63283,63285,63287,63289],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,63284,142],{"class":141},[36,63286,145],{"class":50},[36,63288,721],{"class":148},[36,63290,152],{"class":50},[14,63292,182],{},[26,63294,63296],{"className":28,"code":63295,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[33,63297,63298],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,63299,63300,63302,63304,63306,63308,63310,63312,63314,63316,63318,63320,63323,63325],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,63301,3941],{"class":50},[36,63303,211],{"class":87},[36,63305,9770],{"class":91},[36,63307,211],{"class":87},[36,63309,58],{"class":50},[36,63311,220],{"class":87},[36,63313,294],{"class":91},[36,63315,211],{"class":87},[36,63317,58],{"class":50},[36,63319,220],{"class":87},[36,63321,63322],{"class":91},"t",[36,63324,211],{"class":87},[36,63326,1355],{"class":50},[14,63328,63329,63331],{},[33,63330,24814],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[376,63333,63335],{"id":63334},"range-to-list","Range to list",[26,63337,63339],{"className":28,"code":63338,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,63340,63341,63359],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,63342,63343,63345,63347,63349,63351,63353,63355,63357],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,63344,43],{"class":42},[36,63346,47],{"class":46},[36,63348,22592],{"class":80},[36,63350,145],{"class":50},[36,63352,60037],{"class":141},[36,63354,145],{"class":50},[36,63356,2183],{"class":54},[36,63358,445],{"class":50},[36,63360,63361,63363,63365,63367],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,63362,142],{"class":141},[36,63364,145],{"class":50},[36,63366,149],{"class":148},[36,63368,152],{"class":50},[14,63370,182],{},[26,63372,63373],{"className":28,"code":60060,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,63374,63375],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,63376,63377,63379,63381,63383,63385,63387,63389,63391,63393,63395,63397],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,63378,3941],{"class":50},[36,63380,2166],{"class":54},[36,63382,58],{"class":50},[36,63384,1340],{"class":54},[36,63386,58],{"class":50},[36,63388,61],{"class":54},[36,63390,58],{"class":50},[36,63392,66],{"class":54},[36,63394,58],{"class":50},[36,63396,559],{"class":54},[36,63398,1355],{"class":50},[14,63400,63401,63402,63406],{},"This is common when working with ",[294,63403,63404],{"href":36230},[33,63405,517],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[376,63408,63410],{"id":63409},"set-to-list","Set to list",[26,63412,63414],{"className":28,"code":63413,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[33,63415,63416,63438],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,63417,63418,63420,63422,63424,63426,63428,63430,63432,63434,63436],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,63419,621],{"class":42},[36,63421,47],{"class":46},[36,63423,22592],{"class":80},[36,63425,5568],{"class":50},[36,63427,631],{"class":54},[36,63429,58],{"class":50},[36,63431,636],{"class":54},[36,63433,58],{"class":50},[36,63435,645],{"class":54},[36,63437,30530],{"class":50},[36,63439,63440,63442,63444,63446],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,63441,142],{"class":141},[36,63443,145],{"class":50},[36,63445,656],{"class":148},[36,63447,152],{"class":50},[14,63449,16988],{},[26,63451,63453],{"className":28,"code":63452,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[33,63454,63455],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,63456,63457,63459,63461,63463,63465,63467,63469],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,63458,3941],{"class":50},[36,63460,631],{"class":54},[36,63462,58],{"class":50},[36,63464,636],{"class":54},[36,63466,58],{"class":50},[36,63468,645],{"class":54},[36,63470,1355],{"class":50},[14,63472,63473],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[376,63475,63477],{"id":63476},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[26,63479,63481],{"className":28,"code":63480,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,63482,63483,63519,63533,63537],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,63484,63485,63487,63489,63491,63493,63495,63497,63499,63501,63503,63505,63507,63509,63511,63513,63515,63517],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,63486,13237],{"class":42},[36,63488,47],{"class":46},[36,63490,51],{"class":50},[36,63492,88],{"class":87},[36,63494,1250],{"class":91},[36,63496,88],{"class":87},[36,63498,1213],{"class":50},[36,63500,99],{"class":87},[36,63502,12912],{"class":91},[36,63504,88],{"class":87},[36,63506,58],{"class":50},[36,63508,99],{"class":87},[36,63510,9331],{"class":91},[36,63512,88],{"class":87},[36,63514,1213],{"class":50},[36,63516,9338],{"class":54},[36,63518,69],{"class":50},[36,63520,63521,63523,63525,63527,63529,63531],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,63522,2280],{"class":42},[36,63524,47],{"class":46},[36,63526,22592],{"class":80},[36,63528,145],{"class":50},[36,63530,17337],{"class":148},[36,63532,152],{"class":50},[36,63534,63535],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,63536,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,63538,63539,63541,63543,63545],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,63540,142],{"class":141},[36,63542,145],{"class":50},[36,63544,2315],{"class":148},[36,63546,152],{"class":50},[14,63548,182],{},[26,63550,63551],{"className":28,"code":25514,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,63552,63553],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,63554,63555,63557,63559,63561,63563,63565,63567,63569,63571],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,63556,3941],{"class":50},[36,63558,211],{"class":87},[36,63560,1250],{"class":91},[36,63562,211],{"class":87},[36,63564,58],{"class":50},[36,63566,220],{"class":87},[36,63568,9331],{"class":91},[36,63570,211],{"class":87},[36,63572,1355],{"class":50},[14,63574,63575,63576,63578],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[33,63577,24814],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[14,63580,63581,63582,303],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[294,63583,63585],{"href":63584},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[21,63587,63589],{"id":63588},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[14,63591,63592],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[14,63594,61190],{},[246,63596,63597,63599,63601,63603,63605,63607],{},[249,63598,5341],{},[249,63600,5344],{},[249,63602,5350],{},[249,63604,5347],{},[249,63606,63032],{},[249,63608,7290],{},[14,63610,63611],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[26,63613,63615],{"className":28,"code":63614,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[33,63616,63617],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,63618,63619,63621,63623,63625,63627,63629,63632,63634],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,63620,142],{"class":141},[36,63622,145],{"class":50},[36,63624,1225],{"class":80},[36,63626,145],{"class":50},[36,63628,88],{"class":87},[36,63630,63631],{"class":91},"hi",[36,63633,88],{"class":87},[36,63635,445],{"class":50},[14,63637,182],{},[26,63639,63641],{"className":28,"code":63640,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['h', 'i']\n",[33,63642,63643],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,63644,63645,63647,63649,63651,63653,63655,63657,63659,63661],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,63646,3941],{"class":50},[36,63648,211],{"class":87},[36,63650,741],{"class":91},[36,63652,211],{"class":87},[36,63654,58],{"class":50},[36,63656,220],{"class":87},[36,63658,36189],{"class":91},[36,63660,211],{"class":87},[36,63662,1355],{"class":50},[14,63664,63665],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[26,63667,63669],{"className":28,"code":63668,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(list(5))\n",[33,63670,63671],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,63672,63673,63675,63677,63679,63681,63683],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,63674,142],{"class":141},[36,63676,145],{"class":50},[36,63678,1225],{"class":80},[36,63680,145],{"class":50},[36,63682,2183],{"class":54},[36,63684,445],{"class":50},[14,63686,182],{},[26,63688,63690],{"className":28,"code":63689,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[33,63691,63692],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,63693,63694,63696,63698,63700,63702,63704,63706,63708,63710],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,63695,1210],{"class":80},[36,63697,1213],{"class":50},[36,63699,220],{"class":87},[36,63701,2237],{"class":91},[36,63703,211],{"class":87},[36,63705,24650],{"class":80},[36,63707,8132],{"class":46},[36,63709,8135],{"class":46},[36,63711,63712],{"class":42}," iterable\n",[14,63714,63715,63716,63718,63719,303],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[294,63717,5176],{"href":5625},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[294,63720,63721],{"href":52638},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[21,63723,63725],{"id":63724},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[14,63727,63728,63729,63732],{},"If you already have a list, ",[33,63730,63731],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[26,63734,63736],{"className":28,"code":63735,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[33,63737,63738,63758,63772,63776,63786,63796],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,63739,63740,63742,63744,63746,63748,63750,63752,63754,63756],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,63741,12116],{"class":42},[36,63743,47],{"class":46},[36,63745,1333],{"class":50},[36,63747,55],{"class":54},[36,63749,58],{"class":50},[36,63751,61],{"class":54},[36,63753,58],{"class":50},[36,63755,66],{"class":54},[36,63757,1355],{"class":50},[36,63759,63760,63762,63764,63766,63768,63770],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,63761,14344],{"class":42},[36,63763,47],{"class":46},[36,63765,22592],{"class":80},[36,63767,145],{"class":50},[36,63769,12163],{"class":148},[36,63771,152],{"class":50},[36,63773,63774],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,63775,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,63777,63778,63780,63782,63784],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,63779,142],{"class":141},[36,63781,145],{"class":50},[36,63783,12163],{"class":148},[36,63785,152],{"class":50},[36,63787,63788,63790,63792,63794],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,63789,142],{"class":141},[36,63791,145],{"class":50},[36,63793,14363],{"class":148},[36,63795,152],{"class":50},[36,63797,63798,63800,63802,63804,63806,63808],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,63799,142],{"class":141},[36,63801,145],{"class":50},[36,63803,12116],{"class":148},[36,63805,12224],{"class":3917},[36,63807,14417],{"class":148},[36,63809,152],{"class":50},[14,63811,182],{},[26,63813,63815],{"className":28,"code":63814,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[33,63816,63817,63833,63849],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,63818,63819,63821,63823,63825,63827,63829,63831],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,63820,3941],{"class":50},[36,63822,55],{"class":54},[36,63824,58],{"class":50},[36,63826,61],{"class":54},[36,63828,58],{"class":50},[36,63830,66],{"class":54},[36,63832,1355],{"class":50},[36,63834,63835,63837,63839,63841,63843,63845,63847],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,63836,3941],{"class":50},[36,63838,55],{"class":54},[36,63840,58],{"class":50},[36,63842,61],{"class":54},[36,63844,58],{"class":50},[36,63846,66],{"class":54},[36,63848,1355],{"class":50},[36,63850,63851],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,63852,4081],{"class":1143},[14,63854,63855,63856,63858],{},"This means ",[33,63857,14363],{}," is a different list object.",[14,63860,63861,63862,63864],{},"However, this is only a ",[180,63863,12882],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[26,63866,63868],{"className":28,"code":63867,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[33,63869,63870,63896,63910,63914,63932,63936,63946],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,63871,63872,63874,63876,63878,63880,63882,63884,63886,63888,63890,63892,63894],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,63873,12116],{"class":42},[36,63875,47],{"class":46},[36,63877,56333],{"class":50},[36,63879,55],{"class":54},[36,63881,58],{"class":50},[36,63883,61],{"class":54},[36,63885,18093],{"class":50},[36,63887,1333],{"class":50},[36,63889,485],{"class":54},[36,63891,58],{"class":50},[36,63893,559],{"class":54},[36,63895,53281],{"class":50},[36,63897,63898,63900,63902,63904,63906,63908],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,63899,14344],{"class":42},[36,63901,47],{"class":46},[36,63903,22592],{"class":80},[36,63905,145],{"class":50},[36,63907,12163],{"class":148},[36,63909,152],{"class":50},[36,63911,63912],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,63913,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,63915,63916,63918,63920,63922,63924,63926,63928,63930],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,63917,14363],{"class":42},[36,63919,3941],{"class":50},[36,63921,2166],{"class":54},[36,63923,13583],{"class":50},[36,63925,13586],{"class":148},[36,63927,145],{"class":50},[36,63929,56386],{"class":54},[36,63931,152],{"class":50},[36,63933,63934],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,63935,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,63937,63938,63940,63942,63944],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,63939,142],{"class":141},[36,63941,145],{"class":50},[36,63943,12163],{"class":148},[36,63945,152],{"class":50},[36,63947,63948,63950,63952,63954],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,63949,142],{"class":141},[36,63951,145],{"class":50},[36,63953,14363],{"class":148},[36,63955,152],{"class":50},[14,63957,182],{},[26,63959,63960],{"className":28,"code":56417,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,63961,63962,63988],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,63963,63964,63966,63968,63970,63972,63974,63976,63978,63980,63982,63984,63986],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,63965,56424],{"class":50},[36,63967,55],{"class":54},[36,63969,58],{"class":50},[36,63971,61],{"class":54},[36,63973,58],{"class":50},[36,63975,10227],{"class":54},[36,63977,18093],{"class":50},[36,63979,1333],{"class":50},[36,63981,485],{"class":54},[36,63983,58],{"class":50},[36,63985,559],{"class":54},[36,63987,53281],{"class":50},[36,63989,63990,63992,63994,63996,63998,64000,64002,64004,64006,64008,64010,64012],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,63991,56424],{"class":50},[36,63993,55],{"class":54},[36,63995,58],{"class":50},[36,63997,61],{"class":54},[36,63999,58],{"class":50},[36,64001,10227],{"class":54},[36,64003,18093],{"class":50},[36,64005,1333],{"class":50},[36,64007,485],{"class":54},[36,64009,58],{"class":50},[36,64011,559],{"class":54},[36,64013,53281],{"class":50},[14,64015,64016],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[14,64018,64019,64020,303],{},"For more on this, see ",[294,64021,13823],{"href":13822},[21,64023,64025],{"id":64024},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[14,64027,64028,64029,303],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[33,64030,24814],{},[376,64032,64034],{"id":64033},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[26,64036,64038],{"className":28,"code":64037,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[33,64039,64040,64080],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,64041,64042,64044,64046,64048,64050,64052,64054,64056,64058,64060,64062,64064,64066,64068,64070,64072,64074,64076,64078],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,64043,12895],{"class":42},[36,64045,47],{"class":46},[36,64047,51],{"class":50},[36,64049,88],{"class":87},[36,64051,1250],{"class":91},[36,64053,88],{"class":87},[36,64055,1213],{"class":50},[36,64057,99],{"class":87},[36,64059,7957],{"class":91},[36,64061,88],{"class":87},[36,64063,58],{"class":50},[36,64065,99],{"class":87},[36,64067,19923],{"class":91},[36,64069,88],{"class":87},[36,64071,1213],{"class":50},[36,64073,99],{"class":87},[36,64075,22277],{"class":91},[36,64077,88],{"class":87},[36,64079,69],{"class":50},[36,64081,64082,64084,64086,64088,64090,64092],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,64083,142],{"class":141},[36,64085,145],{"class":50},[36,64087,1225],{"class":80},[36,64089,145],{"class":50},[36,64091,13659],{"class":148},[36,64093,445],{"class":50},[14,64095,182],{},[26,64097,64099],{"className":28,"code":64098,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['name', 'grade']\n",[33,64100,64101],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,64102,64103,64105,64107,64109,64111,64113,64115,64117,64119],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,64104,3941],{"class":50},[36,64106,211],{"class":87},[36,64108,1250],{"class":91},[36,64110,211],{"class":87},[36,64112,58],{"class":50},[36,64114,220],{"class":87},[36,64116,19923],{"class":91},[36,64118,211],{"class":87},[36,64120,1355],{"class":50},[376,64122,64124],{"id":64123},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[26,64126,64128],{"className":28,"code":64127,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[33,64129,64130,64170],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,64131,64132,64134,64136,64138,64140,64142,64144,64146,64148,64150,64152,64154,64156,64158,64160,64162,64164,64166,64168],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,64133,12895],{"class":42},[36,64135,47],{"class":46},[36,64137,51],{"class":50},[36,64139,88],{"class":87},[36,64141,1250],{"class":91},[36,64143,88],{"class":87},[36,64145,1213],{"class":50},[36,64147,99],{"class":87},[36,64149,7957],{"class":91},[36,64151,88],{"class":87},[36,64153,58],{"class":50},[36,64155,99],{"class":87},[36,64157,19923],{"class":91},[36,64159,88],{"class":87},[36,64161,1213],{"class":50},[36,64163,99],{"class":87},[36,64165,22277],{"class":91},[36,64167,88],{"class":87},[36,64169,69],{"class":50},[36,64171,64172,64174,64176,64178,64180,64182,64184,64186],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,64173,142],{"class":141},[36,64175,145],{"class":50},[36,64177,1225],{"class":80},[36,64179,145],{"class":50},[36,64181,13659],{"class":148},[36,64183,303],{"class":50},[36,64185,656],{"class":148},[36,64187,6329],{"class":50},[14,64189,182],{},[26,64191,64193],{"className":28,"code":64192,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[33,64194,64195],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,64196,64197,64199,64201,64203,64205,64207,64209,64211,64213],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,64198,3941],{"class":50},[36,64200,211],{"class":87},[36,64202,7957],{"class":91},[36,64204,211],{"class":87},[36,64206,58],{"class":50},[36,64208,220],{"class":87},[36,64210,22277],{"class":91},[36,64212,211],{"class":87},[36,64214,1355],{"class":50},[376,64216,64218],{"id":64217},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[26,64220,64222],{"className":28,"code":64221,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[33,64223,64224,64264],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,64225,64226,64228,64230,64232,64234,64236,64238,64240,64242,64244,64246,64248,64250,64252,64254,64256,64258,64260,64262],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,64227,12895],{"class":42},[36,64229,47],{"class":46},[36,64231,51],{"class":50},[36,64233,88],{"class":87},[36,64235,1250],{"class":91},[36,64237,88],{"class":87},[36,64239,1213],{"class":50},[36,64241,99],{"class":87},[36,64243,7957],{"class":91},[36,64245,88],{"class":87},[36,64247,58],{"class":50},[36,64249,99],{"class":87},[36,64251,19923],{"class":91},[36,64253,88],{"class":87},[36,64255,1213],{"class":50},[36,64257,99],{"class":87},[36,64259,22277],{"class":91},[36,64261,88],{"class":87},[36,64263,69],{"class":50},[36,64265,64266,64268,64270,64272,64274,64276,64278,64280],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,64267,142],{"class":141},[36,64269,145],{"class":50},[36,64271,1225],{"class":80},[36,64273,145],{"class":50},[36,64275,13659],{"class":148},[36,64277,303],{"class":50},[36,64279,1369],{"class":148},[36,64281,6329],{"class":50},[14,64283,182],{},[26,64285,64287],{"className":28,"code":64286,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[33,64288,64289],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,64290,64291,64293,64295,64297,64299,64301,64303,64305,64307,64309,64311,64313,64315,64317,64319,64321,64323,64325],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,64292,21772],{"class":50},[36,64294,211],{"class":87},[36,64296,1250],{"class":91},[36,64298,211],{"class":87},[36,64300,58],{"class":50},[36,64302,220],{"class":87},[36,64304,7957],{"class":91},[36,64306,211],{"class":87},[36,64308,1140],{"class":50},[36,64310,1131],{"class":50},[36,64312,211],{"class":87},[36,64314,19923],{"class":91},[36,64316,211],{"class":87},[36,64318,58],{"class":50},[36,64320,220],{"class":87},[36,64322,22277],{"class":91},[36,64324,211],{"class":87},[36,64326,9282],{"class":50},[14,64328,64329],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[21,64331,64333],{"id":64332},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[14,64335,495,64336,10631],{},[33,64337,24814],{},[246,64339,64340,64348,64357],{},[249,64341,64342,64343,298,64345],{},"you need list methods like ",[33,64344,52691],{},[33,64346,64347],{},"sort()",[249,64349,64350,64351,298,64353,64356],{},"you want to convert ",[33,64352,517],{},[33,64354,64355],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[249,64358,64359],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[14,64361,46078,64362,1213],{},[33,64363,64355],{},[26,64365,64367],{"className":28,"code":64366,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[33,64368,64369,64393,64409,64413,64436],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,64370,64371,64373,64375,64377,64379,64381,64383,64385,64387,64389,64391],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,64372,5034],{"class":42},[36,64374,47],{"class":46},[36,64376,1333],{"class":50},[36,64378,88],{"class":87},[36,64380,12912],{"class":91},[36,64382,88],{"class":87},[36,64384,58],{"class":50},[36,64386,99],{"class":87},[36,64388,35977],{"class":91},[36,64390,88],{"class":87},[36,64392,1355],{"class":50},[36,64394,64395,64397,64399,64401,64403,64405,64407],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,64396,5103],{"class":42},[36,64398,47],{"class":46},[36,64400,1333],{"class":50},[36,64402,13535],{"class":54},[36,64404,58],{"class":50},[36,64406,13540],{"class":54},[36,64408,1355],{"class":50},[36,64410,64411],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,64412,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,64414,64415,64417,64419,64421,64423,64426,64428,64430,64432,64434],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,64416,9250],{"class":42},[36,64418,47],{"class":46},[36,64420,22592],{"class":80},[36,64422,145],{"class":50},[36,64424,64425],{"class":141},"zip",[36,64427,145],{"class":50},[36,64429,5078],{"class":148},[36,64431,58],{"class":50},[36,64433,5150],{"class":148},[36,64435,445],{"class":50},[36,64437,64438,64440,64442,64444],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,64439,142],{"class":141},[36,64441,145],{"class":50},[36,64443,9295],{"class":148},[36,64445,152],{"class":50},[14,64447,182],{},[26,64449,64451],{"className":28,"code":64450,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[33,64452,64453],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,64454,64455,64457,64459,64461,64463,64465,64467,64469,64471,64473,64475,64477,64479,64481],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,64456,21772],{"class":50},[36,64458,211],{"class":87},[36,64460,12912],{"class":91},[36,64462,211],{"class":87},[36,64464,58],{"class":50},[36,64466,19930],{"class":54},[36,64468,1140],{"class":50},[36,64470,1131],{"class":50},[36,64472,211],{"class":87},[36,64474,35977],{"class":91},[36,64476,211],{"class":87},[36,64478,58],{"class":50},[36,64480,13540],{"class":54},[36,64482,9282],{"class":50},[14,64484,64485,64486,64488,64489,303],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[33,64487,52691],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[294,64490,53088],{"href":53087},[21,64492,4557],{"id":4556},[14,64494,56813,64495,303],{},[33,64496,24814],{},[376,64498,64500],{"id":64499},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[14,64502,4564],{},[26,64504,64506],{"className":28,"code":64505,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[33,64507,64508,64512],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,64509,64510],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,64511,4574],{"class":1617},[36,64513,64514,64516,64518,64520,64522,64524,64526,64528],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,64515,1225],{"class":80},[36,64517,145],{"class":50},[36,64519,55],{"class":54},[36,64521,58],{"class":50},[36,64523,61],{"class":54},[36,64525,58],{"class":50},[36,64527,66],{"class":54},[36,64529,152],{"class":50},[14,64531,64532,64534],{},[33,64533,24814],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[14,64536,18726],{},[26,64538,64540],{"className":28,"code":64539,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[33,64541,64542],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,64543,64544,64546,64548,64550,64552,64554,64556,64558,64560,64562],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,64545,142],{"class":141},[36,64547,145],{"class":50},[36,64549,1225],{"class":80},[36,64551,628],{"class":50},[36,64553,55],{"class":54},[36,64555,58],{"class":50},[36,64557,61],{"class":54},[36,64559,58],{"class":50},[36,64561,66],{"class":54},[36,64563,2961],{"class":50},[376,64565,64567,64568],{"id":64566},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[36,64569,64570],{},"\"hello\"",[14,64572,64573],{},"This is a common surprise:",[26,64575,64577],{"className":28,"code":64576,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[33,64578,64579],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,64580,64581,64583,64585,64587,64589,64591,64593,64595],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,64582,142],{"class":141},[36,64584,145],{"class":50},[36,64586,1225],{"class":80},[36,64588,145],{"class":50},[36,64590,88],{"class":87},[36,64592,708],{"class":91},[36,64594,88],{"class":87},[36,64596,445],{"class":50},[14,64598,182],{},[26,64600,64602],{"className":28,"code":64601,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[33,64603,64604],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,64605,64606,64608,64610,64612,64614,64616,64618,64620,64622,64624,64626,64628,64630,64632,64634,64636,64638,64640,64642,64644,64646],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,64607,3941],{"class":50},[36,64609,211],{"class":87},[36,64611,741],{"class":91},[36,64613,211],{"class":87},[36,64615,58],{"class":50},[36,64617,220],{"class":87},[36,64619,750],{"class":91},[36,64621,211],{"class":87},[36,64623,58],{"class":50},[36,64625,220],{"class":87},[36,64627,759],{"class":91},[36,64629,211],{"class":87},[36,64631,58],{"class":50},[36,64633,220],{"class":87},[36,64635,759],{"class":91},[36,64637,211],{"class":87},[36,64639,58],{"class":50},[36,64641,220],{"class":87},[36,64643,768],{"class":91},[36,64645,211],{"class":87},[36,64647,1355],{"class":50},[14,64649,64650],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[14,64652,64653],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[26,64655,64657],{"className":28,"code":64656,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[33,64658,64659],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,64660,64661,64663,64665,64667,64669,64671],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,64662,142],{"class":141},[36,64664,84],{"class":50},[36,64666,88],{"class":87},[36,64668,708],{"class":91},[36,64670,88],{"class":87},[36,64672,115],{"class":50},[376,64674,64676],{"id":64675},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[14,64678,64679],{},"This:",[26,64681,64683],{"className":28,"code":64682,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[33,64684,64685,64717],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,64686,64687,64689,64691,64693,64695,64697,64699,64701,64703,64705,64707,64709,64711,64713,64715],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,64688,9200],{"class":42},[36,64690,47],{"class":46},[36,64692,51],{"class":50},[36,64694,88],{"class":87},[36,64696,294],{"class":91},[36,64698,88],{"class":87},[36,64700,1213],{"class":50},[36,64702,1340],{"class":54},[36,64704,58],{"class":50},[36,64706,99],{"class":87},[36,64708,1707],{"class":91},[36,64710,88],{"class":87},[36,64712,1213],{"class":50},[36,64714,61],{"class":54},[36,64716,69],{"class":50},[36,64718,64719,64721,64723,64725,64727,64729],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,64720,142],{"class":141},[36,64722,145],{"class":50},[36,64724,1225],{"class":80},[36,64726,145],{"class":50},[36,64728,9239],{"class":148},[36,64730,445],{"class":50},[14,64732,64733],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[14,64735,495,64736,64739],{},[33,64737,64738],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[376,64741,64743],{"id":64742},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[14,64745,64746,64748],{},[33,64747,24814],{}," copies the outer list only.",[14,64750,64751],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[21,64753,1872],{"id":1871},[376,64755,5220,64757,64759],{"id":64756},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[36,64758],{}," and list()?",[14,64761,64762,64763,64765,64766,64768],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[33,64764,3831],{}," is shorter. ",[33,64767,24814],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[376,64770,64772],{"id":64771},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[14,64774,64775,64776,64778],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[33,64777,24814],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[376,64780,64782],{"id":64781},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[14,64784,64785],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[376,64787,64789],{"id":64788},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[14,64791,64792],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[376,64794,64796],{"id":64795},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[14,64798,64799,64800,64802],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[33,64801,24814],{}," cannot loop through it.",[21,64804,1923],{"id":1922},[246,64806,64807,64811,64816,64820,64824,64828,64832,64837],{},[249,64808,64809],{},[294,64810,52810],{"href":51018},[249,64812,64813],{},[294,64814,64815],{"href":36230},"Python range() function explained",[249,64817,64818],{},[294,64819,63253],{"href":63252},[249,64821,64822],{},[294,64823,63585],{"href":63584},[249,64825,64826],{},[294,64827,5257],{"href":5625},[249,64829,64830],{},[294,64831,13823],{"href":13822},[249,64833,64834],{},[294,64835,64836],{"href":52638},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[249,64838,64839],{},[294,64840,54317],{"href":53087},[1962,64842,64843],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":64845},[64846,64847,64848,64849,64850,64857,64858,64859,64864,64865,64872,64880],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":62955,"depth":72,"text":62956},{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":59658,"depth":72,"text":59659},{"id":63183,"depth":72,"text":63184,"children":64851},[64852,64853,64854,64855,64856],{"id":63187,"depth":118,"text":63188},{"id":63256,"depth":118,"text":63257},{"id":63334,"depth":118,"text":63335},{"id":63409,"depth":118,"text":63410},{"id":63476,"depth":118,"text":63477},{"id":63588,"depth":72,"text":63589},{"id":63724,"depth":72,"text":63725},{"id":64024,"depth":72,"text":64025,"children":64860},[64861,64862,64863],{"id":64033,"depth":118,"text":64034},{"id":64123,"depth":118,"text":64124},{"id":64217,"depth":118,"text":64218},{"id":64332,"depth":72,"text":64333},{"id":4556,"depth":72,"text":4557,"children":64866},[64867,64868,64870,64871],{"id":64499,"depth":118,"text":64500},{"id":64566,"depth":118,"text":64869},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64675,"depth":118,"text":64676},{"id":64742,"depth":118,"text":64743},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":64873},[64874,64876,64877,64878,64879],{"id":64756,"depth":118,"text":64875},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64771,"depth":118,"text":64772},{"id":64781,"depth":118,"text":64782},{"id":64788,"depth":118,"text":64789},{"id":64795,"depth":118,"text":64796},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62789,"description":64881},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64888,"title":64889,"body":64890,"description":66241,"extension":2009,"meta":66242,"navigation":134,"path":66243,"seo":66244,"stem":66245,"__hash__":66246},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64891,"toc":66215},[64892,64897,64903,64912,64914,64987,64996,65001,65005,65021,65025,65027,65029,65048,65051,65079,65082,65107,65115,65117,65122,65129,65131,65188,65190,65198,65204,65208,65211,65284,65286,65294,65297,65320,65327,65333,65337,65343,65414,65416,65424,65433,65440,65447,65455,65599,65601,65618,65621,65660,65663,65667,65672,65674,65733,65739,65742,65849,65851,65866,65869,65876,65878,65882,66030,66033,66094,66097,66100,66121,66126,66130,66141,66144,66146,66151,66154,66162,66167,66173,66176,66182,66190,66192,66212],[10,64893,54381,64895,11352],{"id":64894},"python-list-index-method",[33,64896,59006],{},[14,64898,64899,64902],{},[33,64900,64901],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[14,64904,64905,64906,64909,64910,303],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[180,64907,64908],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[33,64911,40740],{},[21,64913,24],{"id":23},[26,64915,64917],{"className":28,"code":64916,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[33,64918,64919,64951,64974],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,64920,64921,64923,64925,64927,64929,64931,64933,64935,64937,64939,64941,64943,64945,64947,64949],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,64922,1328],{"class":42},[36,64924,47],{"class":46},[36,64926,1333],{"class":50},[36,64928,88],{"class":87},[36,64930,92],{"class":91},[36,64932,88],{"class":87},[36,64934,58],{"class":50},[36,64936,99],{"class":87},[36,64938,102],{"class":91},[36,64940,88],{"class":87},[36,64942,58],{"class":50},[36,64944,99],{"class":87},[36,64946,4135],{"class":91},[36,64948,88],{"class":87},[36,64950,1355],{"class":50},[36,64952,64953,64956,64958,64960,64962,64964,64966,64968,64970,64972],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,64954,64955],{"class":42},"position ",[36,64957,47],{"class":46},[36,64959,6005],{"class":42},[36,64961,303],{"class":50},[36,64963,35882],{"class":148},[36,64965,145],{"class":50},[36,64967,88],{"class":87},[36,64969,102],{"class":91},[36,64971,88],{"class":87},[36,64973,152],{"class":50},[36,64975,64976,64978,64980,64983,64985],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,64977,142],{"class":141},[36,64979,145],{"class":50},[36,64981,64982],{"class":148},"position",[36,64984,3703],{"class":50},[36,64986,27814],{"class":1617},[14,64988,495,64989,64992,64993,64995],{},[33,64990,64991],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[33,64994,40740],{}," if the item is not found.",[21,64997,3720,64999,3723],{"id":64998},"what-listindex-does",[33,65000,64901],{},[14,65002,65003,1213],{},[33,65004,64901],{},[246,65006,65007,65010,65013,65018],{},[249,65008,65009],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[249,65011,65012],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[249,65014,65015,65016],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[33,65017,2166],{},[249,65019,65020],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[14,65022,54606,65023,303],{},[294,65024,52810],{"href":54609},[21,65026,2205],{"id":2204},[14,65028,30758],{},[26,65030,65032],{"className":28,"code":65031,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_list.index(value)\n",[33,65033,65034],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,65035,65036,65038,65040,65042,65044,65046],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,65037,8375],{"class":42},[36,65039,303],{"class":50},[36,65041,35882],{"class":148},[36,65043,145],{"class":50},[36,65045,1495],{"class":148},[36,65047,152],{"class":50},[14,65049,65050],{},"You can also limit the search:",[26,65052,65054],{"className":28,"code":65053,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[33,65055,65056],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,65057,65058,65060,65062,65064,65066,65068,65070,65072,65074,65077],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,65059,8375],{"class":42},[36,65061,303],{"class":50},[36,65063,35882],{"class":148},[36,65065,145],{"class":50},[36,65067,1495],{"class":148},[36,65069,58],{"class":50},[36,65071,36088],{"class":148},[36,65073,58],{"class":50},[36,65075,65076],{"class":148}," end",[36,65078,152],{"class":50},[14,65080,65081],{},"Here is what each part means:",[246,65083,65084,65089,65094,65099],{},[249,65085,65086,65088],{},[33,65087,1495],{},": the item to search for",[249,65090,65091,65093],{},[33,65092,36109],{},": where the search begins",[249,65095,65096,65098],{},[33,65097,52699],{},": where the search stops",[249,65100,65101,4822,65103,65106],{},[33,65102,52699],{},[180,65104,65105],{},"not included"," in the search range",[14,65108,65109,65110,65112,65113,303],{},"This means Python searches from ",[33,65111,36109],{}," up to, but not including, ",[33,65114,52699],{},[21,65116,38056],{"id":38055},[14,65118,65119,65121],{},[33,65120,64901],{}," returns an integer.",[14,65123,65124,65125,65128],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[180,65126,65127],{},"first match"," in the list.",[14,65130,2257],{},[26,65132,65134],{"className":28,"code":65133,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,65135,65136,65156,65174,65178],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,65137,65138,65140,65142,65144,65146,65148,65150,65152,65154],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,65139,43],{"class":42},[36,65141,47],{"class":46},[36,65143,1333],{"class":50},[36,65145,631],{"class":54},[36,65147,58],{"class":50},[36,65149,636],{"class":54},[36,65151,58],{"class":50},[36,65153,645],{"class":54},[36,65155,1355],{"class":50},[36,65157,65158,65160,65162,65164,65166,65168,65170,65172],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,65159,2280],{"class":42},[36,65161,47],{"class":46},[36,65163,4301],{"class":42},[36,65165,303],{"class":50},[36,65167,35882],{"class":148},[36,65169,145],{"class":50},[36,65171,15783],{"class":54},[36,65173,152],{"class":50},[36,65175,65176],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,65177,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,65179,65180,65182,65184,65186],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,65181,142],{"class":141},[36,65183,145],{"class":50},[36,65185,2315],{"class":148},[36,65187,152],{"class":50},[14,65189,182],{},[26,65191,65192],{"className":28,"code":46954,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,65193,65194],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,65195,65196],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,65197,46954],{"class":54},[14,65199,65200,65201,65203],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[33,65202,59006],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[21,65205,65207],{"id":65206},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[14,65209,65210],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[26,65212,65214],{"className":28,"code":65213,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[33,65215,65216,65248,65270,65274],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,65217,65218,65220,65222,65224,65226,65228,65230,65232,65234,65236,65238,65240,65242,65244,65246],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,65219,36273],{"class":42},[36,65221,47],{"class":46},[36,65223,1333],{"class":50},[36,65225,88],{"class":87},[36,65227,92],{"class":91},[36,65229,88],{"class":87},[36,65231,58],{"class":50},[36,65233,99],{"class":87},[36,65235,102],{"class":91},[36,65237,88],{"class":87},[36,65239,58],{"class":50},[36,65241,99],{"class":87},[36,65243,4135],{"class":91},[36,65245,88],{"class":87},[36,65247,1355],{"class":50},[36,65249,65250,65252,65254,65256,65258,65260,65262,65264,65266,65268],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,65251,64955],{"class":42},[36,65253,47],{"class":46},[36,65255,52890],{"class":42},[36,65257,303],{"class":50},[36,65259,35882],{"class":148},[36,65261,145],{"class":50},[36,65263,88],{"class":87},[36,65265,4135],{"class":91},[36,65267,88],{"class":87},[36,65269,152],{"class":50},[36,65271,65272],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,65273,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,65275,65276,65278,65280,65282],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,65277,142],{"class":141},[36,65279,145],{"class":50},[36,65281,64982],{"class":148},[36,65283,152],{"class":50},[14,65285,182],{},[26,65287,65288],{"className":28,"code":17086,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,65289,65290],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,65291,65292],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,65293,17086],{"class":54},[14,65295,65296],{},"In this list:",[246,65298,65299,65306,65313],{},[249,65300,65301,65303,65304],{},[33,65302,57871],{}," is at index ",[33,65305,2166],{},[249,65307,65308,65303,65311],{},[33,65309,65310],{},"\"banana\"",[33,65312,55],{},[249,65314,65315,65303,65318],{},[33,65316,65317],{},"\"cherry\"",[33,65319,481],{},[14,65321,53692,65322,2448,65325,303],{},[33,65323,65324],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[33,65326,481],{},[14,65328,51582,65329,303],{},[294,65330,65332],{"href":65331},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[21,65334,65336],{"id":65335},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[14,65338,65339,65340,65342],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[33,65341,59006],{}," returns the first match only.",[26,65344,65346],{"className":28,"code":65345,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[33,65347,65348,65388,65392],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,65349,65350,65352,65354,65356,65358,65360,65362,65364,65366,65368,65370,65372,65374,65376,65378,65380,65382,65384,65386],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,65351,13108],{"class":42},[36,65353,47],{"class":46},[36,65355,1333],{"class":50},[36,65357,88],{"class":87},[36,65359,13125],{"class":91},[36,65361,88],{"class":87},[36,65363,58],{"class":50},[36,65365,99],{"class":87},[36,65367,13142],{"class":91},[36,65369,88],{"class":87},[36,65371,58],{"class":50},[36,65373,99],{"class":87},[36,65375,13125],{"class":91},[36,65377,88],{"class":87},[36,65379,58],{"class":50},[36,65381,99],{"class":87},[36,65383,17486],{"class":91},[36,65385,88],{"class":87},[36,65387,1355],{"class":50},[36,65389,65390],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,65391,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,65393,65394,65396,65398,65400,65402,65404,65406,65408,65410,65412],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,65395,142],{"class":141},[36,65397,145],{"class":50},[36,65399,17533],{"class":148},[36,65401,303],{"class":50},[36,65403,35882],{"class":148},[36,65405,145],{"class":50},[36,65407,88],{"class":87},[36,65409,13125],{"class":91},[36,65411,88],{"class":87},[36,65413,445],{"class":50},[14,65415,182],{},[26,65417,65418],{"className":28,"code":47289,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,65419,65420],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,65421,65422],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,65423,47289],{"class":54},[14,65425,478,65426,65429,65430,65432],{},[33,65427,65428],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[33,65431,2166],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[14,65434,65435,65436,303],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[294,65437,55559,65438,1939],{"href":59065},[33,65439,57328],{},[21,65441,1462,65443,482,65445],{"id":65442},"using-start-and-end",[33,65444,36109],{},[33,65446,52699],{},[14,65448,65449,65450,482,65452,65454],{},"The optional ",[33,65451,36109],{},[33,65453,52699],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[26,65456,65458],{"className":28,"code":65457,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[33,65459,65460,65508,65512,65537,65566],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,65461,65462,65464,65466,65468,65470,65472,65474,65476,65478,65480,65482,65484,65486,65488,65490,65492,65494,65496,65498,65500,65502,65504,65506],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,65463,697],{"class":42},[36,65465,47],{"class":46},[36,65467,1333],{"class":50},[36,65469,88],{"class":87},[36,65471,294],{"class":91},[36,65473,88],{"class":87},[36,65475,58],{"class":50},[36,65477,99],{"class":87},[36,65479,1707],{"class":91},[36,65481,88],{"class":87},[36,65483,58],{"class":50},[36,65485,99],{"class":87},[36,65487,9770],{"class":91},[36,65489,88],{"class":87},[36,65491,58],{"class":50},[36,65493,99],{"class":87},[36,65495,1707],{"class":91},[36,65497,88],{"class":87},[36,65499,58],{"class":50},[36,65501,99],{"class":87},[36,65503,18799],{"class":91},[36,65505,88],{"class":87},[36,65507,1355],{"class":50},[36,65509,65510],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,65511,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,65513,65514,65516,65518,65520,65522,65524,65526,65528,65530,65532,65534],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,65515,142],{"class":141},[36,65517,145],{"class":50},[36,65519,721],{"class":148},[36,65521,303],{"class":50},[36,65523,35882],{"class":148},[36,65525,145],{"class":50},[36,65527,88],{"class":87},[36,65529,1707],{"class":91},[36,65531,88],{"class":87},[36,65533,5402],{"class":50},[36,65535,65536],{"class":1617},"        # first match\n",[36,65538,65539,65541,65543,65545,65547,65549,65551,65553,65555,65557,65559,65561,65563],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,65540,142],{"class":141},[36,65542,145],{"class":50},[36,65544,721],{"class":148},[36,65546,303],{"class":50},[36,65548,35882],{"class":148},[36,65550,145],{"class":50},[36,65552,88],{"class":87},[36,65554,1707],{"class":91},[36,65556,88],{"class":87},[36,65558,58],{"class":50},[36,65560,61],{"class":54},[36,65562,5402],{"class":50},[36,65564,65565],{"class":1617},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[36,65567,65568,65570,65572,65574,65576,65578,65580,65582,65584,65586,65588,65590,65592,65594,65596],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,65569,142],{"class":141},[36,65571,145],{"class":50},[36,65573,721],{"class":148},[36,65575,303],{"class":50},[36,65577,35882],{"class":148},[36,65579,145],{"class":50},[36,65581,88],{"class":87},[36,65583,1707],{"class":91},[36,65585,88],{"class":87},[36,65587,58],{"class":50},[36,65589,1340],{"class":54},[36,65591,58],{"class":50},[36,65593,559],{"class":54},[36,65595,5402],{"class":50},[36,65597,65598],{"class":1617},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[14,65600,182],{},[26,65602,65604],{"className":28,"code":65603,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"1\n3\n1\n",[33,65605,65606,65610,65614],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,65607,65608],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,65609,46954],{"class":54},[36,65611,65612],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,65613,475],{"class":54},[36,65615,65616],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,65617,46954],{"class":54},[14,65619,65620],{},"How this works:",[246,65622,65623,65635,65648],{},[249,65624,65625,65628,65629,65632,65633],{},[33,65626,65627],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[33,65630,65631],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[33,65634,55],{},[249,65636,65637,65640,65641,65643,65644,65632,65646],{},[33,65638,65639],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[33,65642,481],{},", so it finds the next ",[33,65645,65631],{},[33,65647,485],{},[249,65649,65650,65653,65654,2238,65656,17102,65658],{},[33,65651,65652],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[33,65655,55],{},[33,65657,481],{},[33,65659,485],{},[14,65661,65662],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[21,65664,65666],{"id":65665},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[14,65668,65669,65670,303],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[33,65671,40740],{},[14,65673,2257],{},[26,65675,65677],{"className":28,"code":65676,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[33,65678,65679,65711],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,65680,65681,65683,65685,65687,65689,65691,65693,65695,65697,65699,65701,65703,65705,65707,65709],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,65682,1328],{"class":42},[36,65684,47],{"class":46},[36,65686,1333],{"class":50},[36,65688,88],{"class":87},[36,65690,92],{"class":91},[36,65692,88],{"class":87},[36,65694,58],{"class":50},[36,65696,99],{"class":87},[36,65698,102],{"class":91},[36,65700,88],{"class":87},[36,65702,58],{"class":50},[36,65704,99],{"class":87},[36,65706,4135],{"class":91},[36,65708,88],{"class":87},[36,65710,1355],{"class":50},[36,65712,65713,65715,65717,65719,65721,65723,65725,65727,65729,65731],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,65714,142],{"class":141},[36,65716,145],{"class":50},[36,65718,1369],{"class":148},[36,65720,303],{"class":50},[36,65722,35882],{"class":148},[36,65724,145],{"class":50},[36,65726,88],{"class":87},[36,65728,1005],{"class":91},[36,65730,88],{"class":87},[36,65732,445],{"class":50},[14,65734,39690,65735,65738],{},[33,65736,65737],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[14,65740,65741],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[26,65743,65745],{"className":28,"code":65744,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[33,65746,65747,65779,65792,65796,65809,65828,65834],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,65748,65749,65751,65753,65755,65757,65759,65761,65763,65765,65767,65769,65771,65773,65775,65777],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,65750,1328],{"class":42},[36,65752,47],{"class":46},[36,65754,1333],{"class":50},[36,65756,88],{"class":87},[36,65758,92],{"class":91},[36,65760,88],{"class":87},[36,65762,58],{"class":50},[36,65764,99],{"class":87},[36,65766,102],{"class":91},[36,65768,88],{"class":87},[36,65770,58],{"class":50},[36,65772,99],{"class":87},[36,65774,4135],{"class":91},[36,65776,88],{"class":87},[36,65778,1355],{"class":50},[36,65780,65781,65784,65786,65788,65790],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,65782,65783],{"class":42},"search_value ",[36,65785,47],{"class":46},[36,65787,99],{"class":87},[36,65789,1005],{"class":91},[36,65791,3403],{"class":87},[36,65793,65794],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,65795,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,65797,65798,65800,65803,65805,65807],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,65799,7037],{"class":3917},[36,65801,65802],{"class":42}," search_value ",[36,65804,3924],{"class":46},[36,65806,6005],{"class":42},[36,65808,6433],{"class":50},[36,65810,65811,65813,65815,65817,65819,65821,65823,65826],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,65812,8105],{"class":141},[36,65814,145],{"class":50},[36,65816,1369],{"class":148},[36,65818,303],{"class":50},[36,65820,35882],{"class":148},[36,65822,145],{"class":50},[36,65824,65825],{"class":148},"search_value",[36,65827,445],{"class":50},[36,65829,65830,65832],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,65831,27468],{"class":3917},[36,65833,6433],{"class":50},[36,65835,65836,65838,65840,65842,65845,65847],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,65837,8105],{"class":141},[36,65839,145],{"class":50},[36,65841,88],{"class":87},[36,65843,65844],{"class":91},"Item not found",[36,65846,88],{"class":87},[36,65848,152],{"class":50},[14,65850,182],{},[26,65852,65854],{"className":28,"code":65853,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Item not found\n",[33,65855,65856],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,65857,65858,65861,65863],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,65859,65860],{"class":42},"Item ",[36,65862,870],{"class":46},[36,65864,65865],{"class":42}," found\n",[14,65867,65868],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[14,65870,65871,65872,303],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[294,65873,65875],{"href":65874},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[21,65877,4557],{"id":4556},[14,65879,21243,65880,1213],{},[33,65881,64901],{},[246,65883,65884,65902,65914,65974],{},[249,65885,25808,65886,2448,65888,65891,65892,65894,65895,5201,65897,65899,65900,303],{},[33,65887,59006],{},[33,65889,65890],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9876,65893],{},"\nPython does ",[180,65896,870],{},[33,65898,65890],{},". It raises ",[33,65901,40740],{},[249,65903,65904,65905,65907,65910,65911,65913],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9876,65906],{},[33,65908,65909],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[33,65912,65310],{},", not the value itself.",[249,65915,1462,65916,11122,65919,65921,65923,65924,16685,65926,65949,16673,65951],{},[33,65917,65918],{},"index[]",[33,65920,59006],{},[9876,65922],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9876,65925],{},[26,65927,65929],{"className":28,"code":65928,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[33,65930,65931],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,65932,65933,65935,65937,65939,65941,65943,65945,65947],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,65934,1369],{"class":42},[36,65936,303],{"class":50},[36,65938,35882],{"class":148},[36,65940,145],{"class":50},[36,65942,88],{"class":87},[36,65944,102],{"class":91},[36,65946,88],{"class":87},[36,65948,152],{"class":50},[9876,65950],{},[26,65952,65954],{"className":28,"code":65953,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[33,65955,65956],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,65957,65958,65960,65962,65964,65966,65968,65970,65972],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,65959,1369],{"class":42},[36,65961,303],{"class":50},[36,65963,35882],{"class":24783},[36,65965,3941],{"class":50},[36,65967,88],{"class":87},[36,65969,102],{"class":91},[36,65971,88],{"class":87},[36,65973,1355],{"class":50},[249,65975,65976,65977,65979,482,65982,65984,65985],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9876,65978],{},[33,65980,65981],{},"\"3\"",[33,65983,485],{}," are different values in Python.",[26,65986,65988],{"className":28,"code":65987,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[33,65989,65990,66010],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,65991,65992,65994,65996,65998,66000,66002,66004,66006,66008],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,65993,43],{"class":42},[36,65995,47],{"class":46},[36,65997,1333],{"class":50},[36,65999,55],{"class":54},[36,66001,58],{"class":50},[36,66003,61],{"class":54},[36,66005,58],{"class":50},[36,66007,66],{"class":54},[36,66009,1355],{"class":50},[36,66011,66012,66014,66016,66018,66020,66022,66024,66026,66028],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,66013,142],{"class":141},[36,66015,145],{"class":50},[36,66017,88],{"class":87},[36,66019,485],{"class":91},[36,66021,88],{"class":87},[36,66023,21205],{"class":3917},[36,66025,4301],{"class":148},[36,66027,3703],{"class":50},[36,66029,4810],{"class":1617},[14,66031,66032],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[26,66034,66036],{"className":28,"code":66035,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[33,66037,66038,66048,66062,66076],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,66039,66040,66042,66044,66046],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,66041,142],{"class":141},[36,66043,145],{"class":50},[36,66045,8375],{"class":148},[36,66047,152],{"class":50},[36,66049,66050,66052,66054,66056,66058,66060],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,66051,142],{"class":141},[36,66053,145],{"class":50},[36,66055,818],{"class":80},[36,66057,145],{"class":50},[36,66059,65825],{"class":148},[36,66061,445],{"class":50},[36,66063,66064,66066,66068,66070,66072,66074],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,66065,142],{"class":141},[36,66067,145],{"class":50},[36,66069,65783],{"class":148},[36,66071,3924],{"class":3917},[36,66073,8432],{"class":148},[36,66075,152],{"class":50},[36,66077,66078,66080,66082,66084,66086,66088,66090,66092],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,66079,142],{"class":141},[36,66081,145],{"class":50},[36,66083,8375],{"class":148},[36,66085,303],{"class":50},[36,66087,35882],{"class":148},[36,66089,145],{"class":50},[36,66091,65825],{"class":148},[36,66093,445],{"class":50},[14,66095,66096],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[14,66098,66099],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[246,66101,66102,66105,66112,66118],{},[249,66103,66104],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[249,66106,66107,66108,11122,66110],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[33,66109,65981],{},[33,66111,485],{},[249,66113,66114,66115,66117],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[33,66116,59006],{}," returns only the first one",[249,66119,66120],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[21,66122,5000,66124],{"id":66123},"when-to-use-index",[33,66125,59006],{},[14,66127,495,66128,10631],{},[33,66129,59006],{},[246,66131,66132,66135,66138],{},[249,66133,66134],{},"You need the position of a known value",[249,66136,66137],{},"You are working with a small list",[249,66139,66140],{},"You only need the first matching position",[14,66142,66143],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[21,66145,1872],{"id":1871},[376,66147,5182,66149,5185],{"id":66148},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[33,66150,64901],{},[14,66152,66153],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[376,66155,12735,66157,5201,66159,66161],{"id":66156},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[33,66158,64901],{},[33,66160,65890],{}," if the value is not found?",[14,66163,66164,66165,1524],{},"No. It raises ",[33,66166,40740],{},[376,66168,5210,66170,66172],{"id":66169},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[33,66171,64901],{}," find all matching items?",[14,66174,66175],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[376,66177,66179,66180,2541],{"id":66178},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[33,66181,59006],{},[14,66183,66184,66185,482,66187,66189],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[33,66186,36109],{},[33,66188,52699],{}," arguments.",[21,66191,1923],{"id":1922},[246,66193,66194,66198,66202,66206],{},[249,66195,66196],{},[294,66197,58994],{"href":65331},[249,66199,66200],{},[294,66201,52810],{"href":54609},[249,66203,66204],{},[294,66205,65875],{"href":65874},[249,66207,66208],{},[294,66209,55559,66210,1939],{"href":59065},[33,66211,57328],{},[1962,66213,66214],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":66216},[66217,66218,66220,66221,66222,66223,66224,66226,66227,66228,66230,66240],{"id":23,"depth":72,"text":24},{"id":64998,"depth":72,"text":66219},"What list.index() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":38055,"depth":72,"text":38056},{"id":65206,"depth":72,"text":65207},{"id":65335,"depth":72,"text":65336},{"id":65442,"depth":72,"text":66225},"Using start and end",{"id":65665,"depth":72,"text":65666},{"id":4556,"depth":72,"text":4557},{"id":66123,"depth":72,"text":66229},"When to use index()",{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":66231},[66232,66234,66236,66238],{"id":66148,"depth":118,"text":66233},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66156,"depth":118,"text":66235},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66169,"depth":118,"text":66237},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66178,"depth":118,"text":66239},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64889,"description":66241},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66248,"title":66249,"body":66250,"description":68192,"extension":2009,"meta":68193,"navigation":134,"path":68194,"seo":68195,"stem":68196,"__hash__":68197},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66251,"toc":68152},[66252,66257,66262,66265,66274,66331,66337,66342,66346,66360,66366,66368,66391,66408,66410,66471,66473,66505,66518,66520,66523,66623,66625,66703,66709,66713,66721,66725,66731,66786,66788,66812,66816,66819,66872,66874,66898,66902,66905,66958,66960,66984,66988,66994,67065,67067,67108,67114,67121,67124,67129,67137,67142,67150,67152,67249,67251,67320,67327,67332,67334,67338,67343,67345,67416,67418,67447,67453,67455,67482,67485,67508,67512,67515,67537,67540,67563,67565,67625,67627,67659,67665,67670,67723,67725,67750,67753,67802,67804,67825,67829,67834,67837,67892,67894,67921,67928,67932,67937,68008,68011,68025,68030,68035,68037,68051,68063,68068,68070,68075,68080,68084,68087,68093,68099,68106,68114,68116,68149],[10,66253,54381,66255,11352],{"id":66254},"python-list-insert-method",[33,66256,54307],{},[14,66258,66259,66261],{},[33,66260,53950],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[14,66263,66264],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[14,66266,495,66267,66269,66270,303],{},[33,66268,54307],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[294,66271,55559,66272,1939],{"href":56806},[33,66273,52691],{},[26,66275,66277],{"className":28,"code":66276,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[33,66278,66279,66299,66317,66327],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,66280,66281,66283,66285,66287,66289,66291,66293,66295,66297],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,66282,43],{"class":42},[36,66284,47],{"class":46},[36,66286,1333],{"class":50},[36,66288,55],{"class":54},[36,66290,58],{"class":50},[36,66292,61],{"class":54},[36,66294,58],{"class":50},[36,66296,559],{"class":54},[36,66298,1355],{"class":50},[36,66300,66301,66303,66305,66307,66309,66311,66313,66315],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,66302,149],{"class":42},[36,66304,303],{"class":50},[36,66306,53990],{"class":148},[36,66308,145],{"class":50},[36,66310,481],{"class":54},[36,66312,58],{"class":50},[36,66314,66],{"class":54},[36,66316,152],{"class":50},[36,66318,66319,66321,66323,66325],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,66320,142],{"class":141},[36,66322,145],{"class":50},[36,66324,149],{"class":148},[36,66326,152],{"class":50},[36,66328,66329],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,66330,52762],{"class":1617},[14,66332,495,66333,66336],{},[33,66334,66335],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[21,66338,3720,66340,3723],{"id":66339},"what-listinsert-does",[33,66341,53950],{},[14,66343,66344,1213],{},[33,66345,53950],{},[246,66347,66348,66351,66354,66356],{},[249,66349,66350],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[249,66352,66353],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[249,66355,54467],{},[249,66357,11454,66358],{},[33,66359,3822],{},[14,66361,66362,66363,66365],{},"That last point is important. ",[33,66364,54307],{}," does not create a new list.",[21,66367,5472],{"id":5471},[26,66369,66371],{"className":28,"code":66370,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[33,66372,66373],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,66374,66375,66377,66379,66381,66383,66385,66387,66389],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,66376,8375],{"class":42},[36,66378,303],{"class":50},[36,66380,53990],{"class":148},[36,66382,145],{"class":50},[36,66384,35882],{"class":148},[36,66386,58],{"class":50},[36,66388,29542],{"class":148},[36,66390,152],{"class":50},[246,66392,66393,66398,66403],{},[249,66394,66395,66397],{},[33,66396,35882],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[249,66399,66400,66402],{},[33,66401,23343],{}," is the value to add",[249,66404,66405,66406],{},"The first list position is index ",[33,66407,2166],{},[14,66409,2257],{},[26,66411,66413],{"className":28,"code":66412,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[33,66414,66415,66439,66461],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,66416,66417,66419,66421,66423,66425,66427,66429,66431,66433,66435,66437],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,66418,697],{"class":42},[36,66420,47],{"class":46},[36,66422,1333],{"class":50},[36,66424,88],{"class":87},[36,66426,294],{"class":91},[36,66428,88],{"class":87},[36,66430,58],{"class":50},[36,66432,99],{"class":87},[36,66434,9770],{"class":91},[36,66436,88],{"class":87},[36,66438,1355],{"class":50},[36,66440,66441,66443,66445,66447,66449,66451,66453,66455,66457,66459],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,66442,721],{"class":42},[36,66444,303],{"class":50},[36,66446,53990],{"class":148},[36,66448,145],{"class":50},[36,66450,55],{"class":54},[36,66452,58],{"class":50},[36,66454,99],{"class":87},[36,66456,1707],{"class":91},[36,66458,88],{"class":87},[36,66460,152],{"class":50},[36,66462,66463,66465,66467,66469],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,66464,142],{"class":141},[36,66466,145],{"class":50},[36,66468,721],{"class":148},[36,66470,152],{"class":50},[14,66472,182],{},[26,66474,66475],{"className":28,"code":42913,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,66476,66477],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,66478,66479,66481,66483,66485,66487,66489,66491,66493,66495,66497,66499,66501,66503],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,66480,3941],{"class":50},[36,66482,211],{"class":87},[36,66484,294],{"class":91},[36,66486,211],{"class":87},[36,66488,58],{"class":50},[36,66490,220],{"class":87},[36,66492,1707],{"class":91},[36,66494,211],{"class":87},[36,66496,58],{"class":50},[36,66498,220],{"class":87},[36,66500,9770],{"class":91},[36,66502,211],{"class":87},[36,66504,1355],{"class":50},[14,66506,20803,66507,66509,66510,66512,66513,482,66515,303],{},[33,66508,65631],{}," is inserted at index ",[33,66511,55],{},", so it appears between ",[33,66514,18127],{},[33,66516,66517],{},"\"c\"",[21,66519,5826],{"id":5825},[14,66521,66522],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[26,66524,66526],{"className":28,"code":66525,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[33,66527,66528,66560,66578,66582,66604],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,66529,66530,66532,66534,66536,66538,66540,66542,66544,66546,66548,66550,66552,66554,66556,66558],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,66531,13108],{"class":42},[36,66533,47],{"class":46},[36,66535,1333],{"class":50},[36,66537,88],{"class":87},[36,66539,13125],{"class":91},[36,66541,88],{"class":87},[36,66543,58],{"class":50},[36,66545,99],{"class":87},[36,66547,13142],{"class":91},[36,66549,88],{"class":87},[36,66551,58],{"class":50},[36,66553,99],{"class":87},[36,66555,17486],{"class":91},[36,66557,88],{"class":87},[36,66559,1355],{"class":50},[36,66561,66562,66564,66566,66568,66570,66572,66574,66576],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,66563,142],{"class":141},[36,66565,145],{"class":50},[36,66567,88],{"class":87},[36,66569,11594],{"class":91},[36,66571,88],{"class":87},[36,66573,58],{"class":50},[36,66575,13156],{"class":148},[36,66577,152],{"class":50},[36,66579,66580],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,66581,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,66583,66584,66586,66588,66590,66592,66594,66596,66598,66600,66602],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,66585,17533],{"class":42},[36,66587,303],{"class":50},[36,66589,53990],{"class":148},[36,66591,145],{"class":50},[36,66593,55],{"class":54},[36,66595,58],{"class":50},[36,66597,99],{"class":87},[36,66599,22556],{"class":91},[36,66601,88],{"class":87},[36,66603,152],{"class":50},[36,66605,66606,66608,66610,66612,66615,66617,66619,66621],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,66607,142],{"class":141},[36,66609,145],{"class":50},[36,66611,88],{"class":87},[36,66613,66614],{"class":91},"After: ",[36,66616,88],{"class":87},[36,66618,58],{"class":50},[36,66620,13156],{"class":148},[36,66622,152],{"class":50},[14,66624,182],{},[26,66626,66628],{"className":28,"code":66627,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[33,66629,66630,66662],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,66631,66632,66634,66636,66638,66640,66642,66644,66646,66648,66650,66652,66654,66656,66658,66660],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,66633,11654],{"class":42},[36,66635,1213],{"class":50},[36,66637,1333],{"class":50},[36,66639,211],{"class":87},[36,66641,13125],{"class":91},[36,66643,211],{"class":87},[36,66645,58],{"class":50},[36,66647,220],{"class":87},[36,66649,13142],{"class":91},[36,66651,211],{"class":87},[36,66653,58],{"class":50},[36,66655,220],{"class":87},[36,66657,17486],{"class":91},[36,66659,211],{"class":87},[36,66661,1355],{"class":50},[36,66663,66664,66666,66668,66671,66673,66675,66677,66679,66681,66683,66685,66687,66689,66691,66693,66695,66697,66699,66701],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,66665,11707],{"class":42},[36,66667,1213],{"class":50},[36,66669,66670],{"class":50},"  [",[36,66672,211],{"class":87},[36,66674,13125],{"class":91},[36,66676,211],{"class":87},[36,66678,58],{"class":50},[36,66680,220],{"class":87},[36,66682,22556],{"class":91},[36,66684,211],{"class":87},[36,66686,58],{"class":50},[36,66688,220],{"class":87},[36,66690,13142],{"class":91},[36,66692,211],{"class":87},[36,66694,58],{"class":50},[36,66696,220],{"class":87},[36,66698,17486],{"class":91},[36,66700,211],{"class":87},[36,66702,1355],{"class":50},[14,66704,66705,66706,66708],{},"The new value appears at index ",[33,66707,55],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[21,66710,66712],{"id":66711},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[14,66714,2026,66715,35365,66717,66720],{},[33,66716,35882],{},[33,66718,66719],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[376,66722,66724],{"id":66723},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[14,66726,66727,66728,66730],{},"Use index ",[33,66729,2166],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[26,66732,66734],{"className":28,"code":66733,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[33,66735,66736,66757,66776],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,66737,66738,66741,66743,66745,66747,66749,66751,66753,66755],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,66739,66740],{"class":42},"nums ",[36,66742,47],{"class":46},[36,66744,1333],{"class":50},[36,66746,481],{"class":54},[36,66748,58],{"class":50},[36,66750,66],{"class":54},[36,66752,58],{"class":50},[36,66754,559],{"class":54},[36,66756,1355],{"class":50},[36,66758,66759,66762,66764,66766,66768,66770,66772,66774],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,66760,66761],{"class":42},"nums",[36,66763,303],{"class":50},[36,66765,53990],{"class":148},[36,66767,145],{"class":50},[36,66769,2166],{"class":54},[36,66771,58],{"class":50},[36,66773,1340],{"class":54},[36,66775,152],{"class":50},[36,66777,66778,66780,66782,66784],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,66779,142],{"class":141},[36,66781,145],{"class":50},[36,66783,66761],{"class":148},[36,66785,152],{"class":50},[14,66787,182],{},[26,66789,66790],{"className":28,"code":53544,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,66791,66792],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,66793,66794,66796,66798,66800,66802,66804,66806,66808,66810],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,66795,3941],{"class":50},[36,66797,55],{"class":54},[36,66799,58],{"class":50},[36,66801,61],{"class":54},[36,66803,58],{"class":50},[36,66805,66],{"class":54},[36,66807,58],{"class":50},[36,66809,559],{"class":54},[36,66811,1355],{"class":50},[376,66813,66815],{"id":66814},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[14,66817,66818],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[26,66820,66822],{"className":28,"code":66821,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[33,66823,66824,66844,66862],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,66825,66826,66828,66830,66832,66834,66836,66838,66840,66842],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,66827,66740],{"class":42},[36,66829,47],{"class":46},[36,66831,1333],{"class":50},[36,66833,55],{"class":54},[36,66835,58],{"class":50},[36,66837,61],{"class":54},[36,66839,58],{"class":50},[36,66841,559],{"class":54},[36,66843,1355],{"class":50},[36,66845,66846,66848,66850,66852,66854,66856,66858,66860],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,66847,66761],{"class":42},[36,66849,303],{"class":50},[36,66851,53990],{"class":148},[36,66853,145],{"class":50},[36,66855,481],{"class":54},[36,66857,58],{"class":50},[36,66859,66],{"class":54},[36,66861,152],{"class":50},[36,66863,66864,66866,66868,66870],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,66865,142],{"class":141},[36,66867,145],{"class":50},[36,66869,66761],{"class":148},[36,66871,152],{"class":50},[14,66873,182],{},[26,66875,66876],{"className":28,"code":53544,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,66877,66878],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,66879,66880,66882,66884,66886,66888,66890,66892,66894,66896],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,66881,3941],{"class":50},[36,66883,55],{"class":54},[36,66885,58],{"class":50},[36,66887,61],{"class":54},[36,66889,58],{"class":50},[36,66891,66],{"class":54},[36,66893,58],{"class":50},[36,66895,559],{"class":54},[36,66897,1355],{"class":50},[376,66899,66901],{"id":66900},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[14,66903,66904],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[26,66906,66908],{"className":28,"code":66907,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[33,66909,66910,66930,66948],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,66911,66912,66914,66916,66918,66920,66922,66924,66926,66928],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,66913,66740],{"class":42},[36,66915,47],{"class":46},[36,66917,1333],{"class":50},[36,66919,55],{"class":54},[36,66921,58],{"class":50},[36,66923,61],{"class":54},[36,66925,58],{"class":50},[36,66927,66],{"class":54},[36,66929,1355],{"class":50},[36,66931,66932,66934,66936,66938,66940,66942,66944,66946],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,66933,66761],{"class":42},[36,66935,303],{"class":50},[36,66937,53990],{"class":148},[36,66939,145],{"class":50},[36,66941,631],{"class":54},[36,66943,58],{"class":50},[36,66945,559],{"class":54},[36,66947,152],{"class":50},[36,66949,66950,66952,66954,66956],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,66951,142],{"class":141},[36,66953,145],{"class":50},[36,66955,66761],{"class":148},[36,66957,152],{"class":50},[14,66959,182],{},[26,66961,66962],{"className":28,"code":53544,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,66963,66964],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,66965,66966,66968,66970,66972,66974,66976,66978,66980,66982],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,66967,3941],{"class":50},[36,66969,55],{"class":54},[36,66971,58],{"class":50},[36,66973,61],{"class":54},[36,66975,58],{"class":50},[36,66977,66],{"class":54},[36,66979,58],{"class":50},[36,66981,559],{"class":54},[36,66983,1355],{"class":50},[376,66985,66987],{"id":66986},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[14,66989,66990,66991,66993],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[33,66992,54307],{}," places the item before that position.",[26,66995,66997],{"className":28,"code":66996,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[33,66998,66999,67031,67055],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,67000,67001,67003,67005,67007,67009,67011,67013,67015,67017,67019,67021,67023,67025,67027,67029],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,67002,697],{"class":42},[36,67004,47],{"class":46},[36,67006,1333],{"class":50},[36,67008,88],{"class":87},[36,67010,294],{"class":91},[36,67012,88],{"class":87},[36,67014,58],{"class":50},[36,67016,99],{"class":87},[36,67018,1707],{"class":91},[36,67020,88],{"class":87},[36,67022,58],{"class":50},[36,67024,99],{"class":87},[36,67026,18799],{"class":91},[36,67028,88],{"class":87},[36,67030,1355],{"class":50},[36,67032,67033,67035,67037,67039,67041,67043,67045,67047,67049,67051,67053],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,67034,721],{"class":42},[36,67036,303],{"class":50},[36,67038,53990],{"class":148},[36,67040,145],{"class":50},[36,67042,2070],{"class":46},[36,67044,55],{"class":54},[36,67046,58],{"class":50},[36,67048,99],{"class":87},[36,67050,9770],{"class":91},[36,67052,88],{"class":87},[36,67054,152],{"class":50},[36,67056,67057,67059,67061,67063],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,67058,142],{"class":141},[36,67060,145],{"class":50},[36,67062,721],{"class":148},[36,67064,152],{"class":50},[14,67066,182],{},[26,67068,67070],{"className":28,"code":67069,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[33,67071,67072],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,67073,67074,67076,67078,67080,67082,67084,67086,67088,67090,67092,67094,67096,67098,67100,67102,67104,67106],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,67075,3941],{"class":50},[36,67077,211],{"class":87},[36,67079,294],{"class":91},[36,67081,211],{"class":87},[36,67083,58],{"class":50},[36,67085,220],{"class":87},[36,67087,1707],{"class":91},[36,67089,211],{"class":87},[36,67091,58],{"class":50},[36,67093,220],{"class":87},[36,67095,9770],{"class":91},[36,67097,211],{"class":87},[36,67099,58],{"class":50},[36,67101,220],{"class":87},[36,67103,18799],{"class":91},[36,67105,211],{"class":87},[36,67107,1355],{"class":50},[14,67109,67110,67111,2355],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[294,67112,67113],{"href":51018},"Python lists beginner guide",[21,67115,67117,10615,67119],{"id":67116},"insert-vs-append",[33,67118,54307],{},[33,67120,52691],{},[14,67122,67123],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[376,67125,495,67127,10631],{"id":67126},"use-insert-when",[33,67128,54307],{},[246,67130,67131,67134],{},[249,67132,67133],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[249,67135,67136],{},"The order of the list matters",[376,67138,495,67140,10631],{"id":67139},"use-append-when",[33,67141,52691],{},[246,67143,67144,67147],{},[249,67145,67146],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[249,67148,67149],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[14,67151,2257],{},[26,67153,67155],{"className":28,"code":67154,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[33,67156,67157,67181,67185,67207,67217,67221,67239],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,67158,67159,67161,67163,67165,67167,67169,67171,67173,67175,67177,67179],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,67160,1328],{"class":42},[36,67162,47],{"class":46},[36,67164,1333],{"class":50},[36,67166,88],{"class":87},[36,67168,92],{"class":91},[36,67170,88],{"class":87},[36,67172,58],{"class":50},[36,67174,99],{"class":87},[36,67176,1005],{"class":91},[36,67178,88],{"class":87},[36,67180,1355],{"class":50},[36,67182,67183],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,67184,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,67186,67187,67189,67191,67193,67195,67197,67199,67201,67203,67205],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,67188,1369],{"class":42},[36,67190,303],{"class":50},[36,67192,53990],{"class":148},[36,67194,145],{"class":50},[36,67196,55],{"class":54},[36,67198,58],{"class":50},[36,67200,99],{"class":87},[36,67202,102],{"class":91},[36,67204,88],{"class":87},[36,67206,152],{"class":50},[36,67208,67209,67211,67213,67215],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,67210,142],{"class":141},[36,67212,145],{"class":50},[36,67214,1369],{"class":148},[36,67216,152],{"class":50},[36,67218,67219],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,67220,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,67222,67223,67225,67227,67229,67231,67233,67235,67237],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,67224,1369],{"class":42},[36,67226,303],{"class":50},[36,67228,13586],{"class":148},[36,67230,145],{"class":50},[36,67232,88],{"class":87},[36,67234,22565],{"class":91},[36,67236,88],{"class":87},[36,67238,152],{"class":50},[36,67240,67241,67243,67245,67247],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,67242,142],{"class":141},[36,67244,145],{"class":50},[36,67246,1369],{"class":148},[36,67248,152],{"class":50},[14,67250,182],{},[26,67252,67254],{"className":28,"code":67253,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[33,67255,67256,67284],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,67257,67258,67260,67262,67264,67266,67268,67270,67272,67274,67276,67278,67280,67282],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,67259,3941],{"class":50},[36,67261,211],{"class":87},[36,67263,92],{"class":91},[36,67265,211],{"class":87},[36,67267,58],{"class":50},[36,67269,220],{"class":87},[36,67271,102],{"class":91},[36,67273,211],{"class":87},[36,67275,58],{"class":50},[36,67277,220],{"class":87},[36,67279,1005],{"class":91},[36,67281,211],{"class":87},[36,67283,1355],{"class":50},[36,67285,67286,67288,67290,67292,67294,67296,67298,67300,67302,67304,67306,67308,67310,67312,67314,67316,67318],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,67287,3941],{"class":50},[36,67289,211],{"class":87},[36,67291,92],{"class":91},[36,67293,211],{"class":87},[36,67295,58],{"class":50},[36,67297,220],{"class":87},[36,67299,102],{"class":91},[36,67301,211],{"class":87},[36,67303,58],{"class":50},[36,67305,220],{"class":87},[36,67307,1005],{"class":91},[36,67309,211],{"class":87},[36,67311,58],{"class":50},[36,67313,220],{"class":87},[36,67315,22565],{"class":91},[36,67317,211],{"class":87},[36,67319,1355],{"class":50},[14,67321,67322,67323,303],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[294,67324,55559,67325,1939],{"href":56806},[33,67326,52691],{},[14,67328,67329,67330,303],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[294,67331,53088],{"href":53087},[21,67333,4557],{"id":4556},[14,67335,14766,67336,303],{},[33,67337,54307],{},[376,67339,12625,67341],{"id":67340},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[33,67342,54307],{},[14,67344,25724],{},[26,67346,67348],{"className":28,"code":67347,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,67349,67350,67370,67392,67396,67406],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,67351,67352,67354,67356,67358,67360,67362,67364,67366,67368],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,67353,43],{"class":42},[36,67355,47],{"class":46},[36,67357,1333],{"class":50},[36,67359,55],{"class":54},[36,67361,58],{"class":50},[36,67363,61],{"class":54},[36,67365,58],{"class":50},[36,67367,66],{"class":54},[36,67369,1355],{"class":50},[36,67371,67372,67374,67376,67378,67380,67382,67384,67386,67388,67390],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,67373,2280],{"class":42},[36,67375,47],{"class":46},[36,67377,4301],{"class":42},[36,67379,303],{"class":50},[36,67381,53990],{"class":148},[36,67383,145],{"class":50},[36,67385,55],{"class":54},[36,67387,58],{"class":50},[36,67389,10227],{"class":54},[36,67391,152],{"class":50},[36,67393,67394],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,67395,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,67397,67398,67400,67402,67404],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,67399,142],{"class":141},[36,67401,145],{"class":50},[36,67403,2315],{"class":148},[36,67405,152],{"class":50},[36,67407,67408,67410,67412,67414],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,67409,142],{"class":141},[36,67411,145],{"class":50},[36,67413,149],{"class":148},[36,67415,152],{"class":50},[14,67417,182],{},[26,67419,67421],{"className":28,"code":67420,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[33,67422,67423,67427],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,67424,67425],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,67426,11838],{"class":1143},[36,67428,67429,67431,67433,67435,67437,67439,67441,67443,67445],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,67430,3941],{"class":50},[36,67432,55],{"class":54},[36,67434,58],{"class":50},[36,67436,10227],{"class":54},[36,67438,58],{"class":50},[36,67440,61],{"class":54},[36,67442,58],{"class":50},[36,67444,66],{"class":54},[36,67446,1355],{"class":50},[14,67448,67449,54192,67451,303],{},[33,67450,54307],{},[33,67452,3822],{},[14,67454,16673],{},[26,67456,67458],{"className":28,"code":67457,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[33,67459,67460],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,67461,67462,67464,67466,67468,67470,67472,67474,67476,67478,67480],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,67463,55929],{"class":42},[36,67465,47],{"class":46},[36,67467,4301],{"class":42},[36,67469,303],{"class":50},[36,67471,53990],{"class":148},[36,67473,145],{"class":50},[36,67475,55],{"class":54},[36,67477,58],{"class":50},[36,67479,10227],{"class":54},[36,67481,152],{"class":50},[14,67483,67484],{},"Right:",[26,67486,67488],{"className":28,"code":67487,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[33,67489,67490],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,67491,67492,67494,67496,67498,67500,67502,67504,67506],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,67493,149],{"class":42},[36,67495,303],{"class":50},[36,67497,53990],{"class":148},[36,67499,145],{"class":50},[36,67501,55],{"class":54},[36,67503,58],{"class":50},[36,67505,10227],{"class":54},[36,67507,152],{"class":50},[376,67509,67511],{"id":67510},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[14,67513,67514],{},"The correct order is:",[26,67516,67517],{"className":28,"code":66370,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,67518,67519],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,67520,67521,67523,67525,67527,67529,67531,67533,67535],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,67522,8375],{"class":42},[36,67524,303],{"class":50},[36,67526,53990],{"class":148},[36,67528,145],{"class":50},[36,67530,35882],{"class":148},[36,67532,58],{"class":50},[36,67534,29542],{"class":148},[36,67536,152],{"class":50},[14,67538,67539],{},"Not:",[26,67541,67543],{"className":28,"code":67542,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[33,67544,67545],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,67546,67547,67549,67551,67553,67555,67557,67559,67561],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,67548,8375],{"class":42},[36,67550,303],{"class":50},[36,67552,53990],{"class":148},[36,67554,145],{"class":50},[36,67556,23343],{"class":148},[36,67558,58],{"class":50},[36,67560,35857],{"class":148},[36,67562,152],{"class":50},[14,67564,2257],{},[26,67566,67567],{"className":28,"code":66412,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,67568,67569,67593,67615],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,67570,67571,67573,67575,67577,67579,67581,67583,67585,67587,67589,67591],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,67572,697],{"class":42},[36,67574,47],{"class":46},[36,67576,1333],{"class":50},[36,67578,88],{"class":87},[36,67580,294],{"class":91},[36,67582,88],{"class":87},[36,67584,58],{"class":50},[36,67586,99],{"class":87},[36,67588,9770],{"class":91},[36,67590,88],{"class":87},[36,67592,1355],{"class":50},[36,67594,67595,67597,67599,67601,67603,67605,67607,67609,67611,67613],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,67596,721],{"class":42},[36,67598,303],{"class":50},[36,67600,53990],{"class":148},[36,67602,145],{"class":50},[36,67604,55],{"class":54},[36,67606,58],{"class":50},[36,67608,99],{"class":87},[36,67610,1707],{"class":91},[36,67612,88],{"class":87},[36,67614,152],{"class":50},[36,67616,67617,67619,67621,67623],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,67618,142],{"class":141},[36,67620,145],{"class":50},[36,67622,721],{"class":148},[36,67624,152],{"class":50},[14,67626,182],{},[26,67628,67629],{"className":28,"code":42913,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,67630,67631],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,67632,67633,67635,67637,67639,67641,67643,67645,67647,67649,67651,67653,67655,67657],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,67634,3941],{"class":50},[36,67636,211],{"class":87},[36,67638,294],{"class":91},[36,67640,211],{"class":87},[36,67642,58],{"class":50},[36,67644,220],{"class":87},[36,67646,1707],{"class":91},[36,67648,211],{"class":87},[36,67650,58],{"class":50},[36,67652,220],{"class":87},[36,67654,9770],{"class":91},[36,67656,211],{"class":87},[36,67658,1355],{"class":50},[376,67660,8489,67662,67664],{"id":67661},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[33,67663,54307],{}," to replace an item",[14,67666,67667,67669],{},[33,67668,54307],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[26,67671,67673],{"className":28,"code":67672,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,67674,67675,67695,67713],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,67676,67677,67679,67681,67683,67685,67687,67689,67691,67693],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,67678,43],{"class":42},[36,67680,47],{"class":46},[36,67682,1333],{"class":50},[36,67684,55],{"class":54},[36,67686,58],{"class":50},[36,67688,61],{"class":54},[36,67690,58],{"class":50},[36,67692,66],{"class":54},[36,67694,1355],{"class":50},[36,67696,67697,67699,67701,67703,67705,67707,67709,67711],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,67698,149],{"class":42},[36,67700,303],{"class":50},[36,67702,53990],{"class":148},[36,67704,145],{"class":50},[36,67706,55],{"class":54},[36,67708,58],{"class":50},[36,67710,10227],{"class":54},[36,67712,152],{"class":50},[36,67714,67715,67717,67719,67721],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,67716,142],{"class":141},[36,67718,145],{"class":50},[36,67720,149],{"class":148},[36,67722,152],{"class":50},[14,67724,182],{},[26,67726,67728],{"className":28,"code":67727,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[33,67729,67730],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,67731,67732,67734,67736,67738,67740,67742,67744,67746,67748],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,67733,3941],{"class":50},[36,67735,55],{"class":54},[36,67737,58],{"class":50},[36,67739,10227],{"class":54},[36,67741,58],{"class":50},[36,67743,61],{"class":54},[36,67745,58],{"class":50},[36,67747,66],{"class":54},[36,67749,1355],{"class":50},[14,67751,67752],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[26,67754,67756],{"className":28,"code":67755,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,67757,67758,67778,67792],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,67759,67760,67762,67764,67766,67768,67770,67772,67774,67776],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,67761,43],{"class":42},[36,67763,47],{"class":46},[36,67765,1333],{"class":50},[36,67767,55],{"class":54},[36,67769,58],{"class":50},[36,67771,61],{"class":54},[36,67773,58],{"class":50},[36,67775,66],{"class":54},[36,67777,1355],{"class":50},[36,67779,67780,67782,67784,67786,67788,67790],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,67781,149],{"class":42},[36,67783,3941],{"class":50},[36,67785,55],{"class":54},[36,67787,13306],{"class":50},[36,67789,13309],{"class":46},[36,67791,14163],{"class":54},[36,67793,67794,67796,67798,67800],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,67795,142],{"class":141},[36,67797,145],{"class":50},[36,67799,149],{"class":148},[36,67801,152],{"class":50},[14,67803,182],{},[26,67805,67807],{"className":28,"code":67806,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[33,67808,67809],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,67810,67811,67813,67815,67817,67819,67821,67823],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,67812,3941],{"class":50},[36,67814,55],{"class":54},[36,67816,58],{"class":50},[36,67818,10227],{"class":54},[36,67820,58],{"class":50},[36,67822,66],{"class":54},[36,67824,1355],{"class":50},[376,67826,67828],{"id":67827},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[14,67830,67831,67833],{},[33,67832,54307],{}," adds one item each time.",[14,67835,67836],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[26,67838,67840],{"className":28,"code":67839,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,67841,67842,67858,67882],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,67843,67844,67846,67848,67850,67852,67854,67856],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,67845,43],{"class":42},[36,67847,47],{"class":46},[36,67849,1333],{"class":50},[36,67851,55],{"class":54},[36,67853,58],{"class":50},[36,67855,559],{"class":54},[36,67857,1355],{"class":50},[36,67859,67860,67862,67864,67866,67868,67870,67872,67874,67876,67878,67880],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,67861,149],{"class":42},[36,67863,303],{"class":50},[36,67865,53990],{"class":148},[36,67867,145],{"class":50},[36,67869,55],{"class":54},[36,67871,58],{"class":50},[36,67873,1333],{"class":50},[36,67875,481],{"class":54},[36,67877,58],{"class":50},[36,67879,66],{"class":54},[36,67881,115],{"class":50},[36,67883,67884,67886,67888,67890],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,67885,142],{"class":141},[36,67887,145],{"class":50},[36,67889,149],{"class":148},[36,67891,152],{"class":50},[14,67893,182],{},[26,67895,67897],{"className":28,"code":67896,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[33,67898,67899],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,67900,67901,67903,67905,67907,67909,67911,67913,67915,67917,67919],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,67902,3941],{"class":50},[36,67904,55],{"class":54},[36,67906,58],{"class":50},[36,67908,1333],{"class":50},[36,67910,481],{"class":54},[36,67912,58],{"class":50},[36,67914,66],{"class":54},[36,67916,18093],{"class":50},[36,67918,559],{"class":54},[36,67920,1355],{"class":50},[14,67922,67923,67924,303],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[294,67925,55559,67926,1939],{"href":53383},[33,67927,53485],{},[376,67929,67931],{"id":67930},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[14,67933,8909,67934,67936],{},[33,67935,54307],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[26,67938,67940],{"className":28,"code":67939,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[33,67941,67942,67952,67966,67984,67998],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,67943,67944,67946,67948,67950],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,67945,142],{"class":141},[36,67947,145],{"class":50},[36,67949,8375],{"class":148},[36,67951,152],{"class":50},[36,67953,67954,67956,67958,67960,67962,67964],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,67955,142],{"class":141},[36,67957,145],{"class":50},[36,67959,438],{"class":141},[36,67961,145],{"class":50},[36,67963,8375],{"class":148},[36,67965,445],{"class":50},[36,67967,67968,67970,67972,67974,67976,67978,67980,67982],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,67969,142],{"class":141},[36,67971,145],{"class":50},[36,67973,8375],{"class":148},[36,67975,303],{"class":50},[36,67977,53990],{"class":24783},[36,67979,303],{"class":50},[36,67981,34480],{"class":34487},[36,67983,152],{"class":50},[36,67985,67986,67988,67990,67992,67994,67996],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,67987,32186],{"class":141},[36,67989,145],{"class":50},[36,67991,1225],{"class":80},[36,67993,303],{"class":50},[36,67995,53990],{"class":24783},[36,67997,152],{"class":50},[36,67999,68000,68002,68004,68006],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,68001,818],{"class":80},[36,68003,145],{"class":50},[36,68005,8375],{"class":148},[36,68007,152],{"class":50},[14,68009,68010],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[246,68012,68013,68016,68019,68022],{},[249,68014,68015],{},"What is currently in the list",[249,68017,68018],{},"How long the list is",[249,68020,68021],{},"That you are working with a real list",[249,68023,68024],{},"How Python describes the method",[21,68026,5000,68028],{"id":68027},"when-to-use-insert",[33,68029,54307],{},[14,68031,495,68032,68034],{},[33,68033,54307],{}," when position matters.",[14,68036,36460],{},[246,68038,68039,68042,68045,68048],{},[249,68040,68041],{},"Ordered menus",[249,68043,68044],{},"Rankings or score lists",[249,68046,68047],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[249,68049,68050],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[14,68052,68053,68054,68056,68057,68059,68060,68062],{},"You usually do ",[180,68055,870],{}," need ",[33,68058,54307],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[33,68061,52691],{}," is simpler.",[14,68064,68065,68066,303],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[294,68067,57192],{"href":57191},[21,68069,1872],{"id":1871},[376,68071,12735,68073,55508],{"id":68072},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[33,68074,53950],{},[14,68076,68077,68078,303],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[33,68079,3822],{},[376,68081,68083],{"id":68082},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[14,68085,68086],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[376,68088,5210,68090,68092],{"id":68089},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[33,68091,53950],{}," add multiple items?",[14,68094,68095,68096,68098],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[33,68097,53485],{}," or slicing.",[376,68100,5220,68102,482,68104,2541],{"id":68101},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[33,68103,54307],{},[33,68105,52691],{},[14,68107,68108,68110,68111,68113],{},[33,68109,54307],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[33,68112,52691],{}," adds only at the end.",[21,68115,1923],{"id":1922},[246,68117,68118,68124,68130,68134,68138,68142],{},[249,68119,68120],{},[294,68121,55559,68122,1939],{"href":56806},[33,68123,52691],{},[249,68125,68126],{},[294,68127,55559,68128,1939],{"href":53383},[33,68129,53485],{},[249,68131,68132],{},[294,68133,54317],{"href":53087},[249,68135,68136],{},[294,68137,52810],{"href":51018},[249,68139,68140],{},[294,68141,57266],{"href":57191},[249,68143,68144],{},[294,68145,30381,68146,33667],{"href":54335},[33,68147,68148],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1962,68150,68151],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":68153},[68154,68156,68157,68158,68164,68171,68180,68182,68191],{"id":66339,"depth":72,"text":68155},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5471,"depth":72,"text":5472},{"id":5825,"depth":72,"text":5826},{"id":66711,"depth":72,"text":66712,"children":68159},[68160,68161,68162,68163],{"id":66723,"depth":118,"text":66724},{"id":66814,"depth":118,"text":66815},{"id":66900,"depth":118,"text":66901},{"id":66986,"depth":118,"text":66987},{"id":67116,"depth":72,"text":68165,"children":68166},"insert() vs append()",[68167,68169],{"id":67126,"depth":118,"text":68168},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67139,"depth":118,"text":68170},"Use append() when:",{"id":4556,"depth":72,"text":4557,"children":68172},[68173,68175,68176,68178,68179],{"id":67340,"depth":118,"text":68174},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67510,"depth":118,"text":67511},{"id":67661,"depth":118,"text":68177},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67827,"depth":118,"text":67828},{"id":67930,"depth":118,"text":67931},{"id":68027,"depth":72,"text":68181},"When to use insert()",{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":68183},[68184,68186,68187,68189],{"id":68072,"depth":118,"text":68185},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68082,"depth":118,"text":68083},{"id":68089,"depth":118,"text":68188},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68101,"depth":118,"text":68190},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66249,"description":68192},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68199,"title":68200,"body":68201,"description":69756,"extension":2009,"meta":69757,"navigation":134,"path":59011,"seo":69758,"stem":69759,"__hash__":69760},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68202,"toc":69729},[68203,68209,68218,68267,68269,68277,68283,68285,68303,68309,68314,68317,68320,68335,68337,68389,68391,68399,68407,68414,68416,68422,68487,68489,68497,68499,68518,68521,68572,68576,68581,68608,68610,68618,68621,68690,68692,68707,68713,68717,68726,68729,68784,68786,68794,68797,68799,68844,68846,68854,68860,68862,68870,68873,68875,68914,68916,68955,68960,68962,68964,68999,69002,69004,69042,69046,69052,69054,69105,69107,69115,69122,69125,69146,69149,69204,69215,69217,69278,69280,69289,69296,69302,69305,69308,69365,69368,69381,69388,69394,69400,69402,69415,69418,69515,69517,69534,69537,69619,69621,69643,69650,69656,69658,69662,69668,69674,69679,69683,69686,69692,69699,69701,69726],[10,68204,68206,68207,3703],{"id":68205},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[33,68208,438],{},[14,68210,68211,68212,68214,68215,68217],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[33,68213,42398],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[33,68216,42398],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[26,68219,68221],{"className":28,"code":68220,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[33,68222,68223,68243,68257],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,68224,68225,68227,68229,68231,68233,68235,68237,68239,68241],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,68226,43],{"class":42},[36,68228,47],{"class":46},[36,68230,1333],{"class":50},[36,68232,631],{"class":54},[36,68234,58],{"class":50},[36,68236,636],{"class":54},[36,68238,58],{"class":50},[36,68240,645],{"class":54},[36,68242,1355],{"class":50},[36,68244,68245,68247,68249,68251,68253,68255],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,68246,41278],{"class":42},[36,68248,47],{"class":46},[36,68250,38422],{"class":141},[36,68252,145],{"class":50},[36,68254,149],{"class":148},[36,68256,152],{"class":50},[36,68258,68259,68261,68263,68265],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,68260,142],{"class":141},[36,68262,145],{"class":50},[36,68264,41296],{"class":148},[36,68266,152],{"class":50},[14,68268,182],{},[26,68270,68271],{"className":28,"code":475,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,68272,68273],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,68274,68275],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,68276,475],{"class":54},[14,68278,495,68279,68282],{},[33,68280,68281],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[21,68284,244],{"id":243},[246,68286,68287,68292,68297,68300],{},[249,68288,4236,68289,68291],{},[33,68290,42398],{}," works with Python lists",[249,68293,68294,68295,11736],{},"What value ",[33,68296,42398],{},[249,68298,68299],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[249,68301,68302],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[21,68304,3720,68306,68308],{"id":68305},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[33,68307,42398],{}," returns for a list",[14,68310,68311,65121],{},[33,68312,68313],{},"len(my_list)",[14,68315,68316],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[14,68318,68319],{},"A few important points:",[246,68321,68322,68325,68330],{},[249,68323,68324],{},"It counts list items",[249,68326,40942,68327,68329],{},[180,68328,870],{}," count characters inside a string item",[249,68331,68332,68333],{},"An empty list returns ",[33,68334,2166],{},[14,68336,2257],{},[26,68338,68340],{"className":28,"code":68339,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[33,68341,68342,68375],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,68343,68344,68346,68348,68350,68352,68354,68356,68358,68360,68363,68365,68367,68369,68371,68373],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,68345,75],{"class":42},[36,68347,47],{"class":46},[36,68349,1333],{"class":50},[36,68351,88],{"class":87},[36,68353,37082],{"class":91},[36,68355,88],{"class":87},[36,68357,58],{"class":50},[36,68359,99],{"class":87},[36,68361,68362],{"class":91},"elephant",[36,68364,88],{"class":87},[36,68366,58],{"class":50},[36,68368,99],{"class":87},[36,68370,58165],{"class":91},[36,68372,88],{"class":87},[36,68374,1355],{"class":50},[36,68376,68377,68379,68381,68383,68385,68387],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,68378,142],{"class":141},[36,68380,145],{"class":50},[36,68382,438],{"class":141},[36,68384,145],{"class":50},[36,68386,162],{"class":148},[36,68388,445],{"class":50},[14,68390,182],{},[26,68392,68393],{"className":28,"code":475,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,68394,68395],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,68396,68397],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,68398,475],{"class":54},[14,68400,478,68401,68404,68405,65128],{},[33,68402,68403],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[180,68406,52695],{},[14,68408,68409,68410,303],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[294,68411,1935,68412,3554],{"href":42395},[33,68413,42398],{},[21,68415,5826],{"id":5825},[14,68417,68418,68419,68421],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[33,68420,42398],{},", and print the result.",[26,68423,68425],{"className":28,"code":68424,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[33,68426,68427,68459,68473,68477],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,68428,68429,68431,68433,68435,68437,68439,68441,68443,68445,68447,68449,68451,68453,68455,68457],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,68430,13108],{"class":42},[36,68432,47],{"class":46},[36,68434,1333],{"class":50},[36,68436,88],{"class":87},[36,68438,13125],{"class":91},[36,68440,88],{"class":87},[36,68442,58],{"class":50},[36,68444,99],{"class":87},[36,68446,17486],{"class":91},[36,68448,88],{"class":87},[36,68450,58],{"class":50},[36,68452,99],{"class":87},[36,68454,13142],{"class":91},[36,68456,88],{"class":87},[36,68458,1355],{"class":50},[36,68460,68461,68463,68465,68467,68469,68471],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,68462,41278],{"class":42},[36,68464,47],{"class":46},[36,68466,38422],{"class":141},[36,68468,145],{"class":50},[36,68470,17533],{"class":148},[36,68472,152],{"class":50},[36,68474,68475],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,68476,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,68478,68479,68481,68483,68485],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,68480,142],{"class":141},[36,68482,145],{"class":50},[36,68484,41296],{"class":148},[36,68486,152],{"class":50},[14,68488,182],{},[26,68490,68491],{"className":28,"code":475,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,68492,68493],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,68494,68495],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,68496,475],{"class":54},[14,68498,11714],{},[246,68500,68501,68506,68513],{},[249,68502,68503,68505],{},[33,68504,17533],{}," is a list with 3 items",[249,68507,68508,2448,68511],{},[33,68509,68510],{},"len(colors)",[33,68512,485],{},[249,68514,68515,68516],{},"That value is stored in ",[33,68517,41296],{},[14,68519,68520],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[26,68522,68524],{"className":28,"code":68523,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[33,68525,68526,68558],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,68527,68528,68530,68532,68534,68536,68538,68540,68542,68544,68546,68548,68550,68552,68554,68556],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,68529,13108],{"class":42},[36,68531,47],{"class":46},[36,68533,1333],{"class":50},[36,68535,88],{"class":87},[36,68537,13125],{"class":91},[36,68539,88],{"class":87},[36,68541,58],{"class":50},[36,68543,99],{"class":87},[36,68545,17486],{"class":91},[36,68547,88],{"class":87},[36,68549,58],{"class":50},[36,68551,99],{"class":87},[36,68553,13142],{"class":91},[36,68555,88],{"class":87},[36,68557,1355],{"class":50},[36,68559,68560,68562,68564,68566,68568,68570],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,68561,142],{"class":141},[36,68563,145],{"class":50},[36,68565,438],{"class":141},[36,68567,145],{"class":50},[36,68569,17533],{"class":148},[36,68571,445],{"class":50},[21,68573,68575],{"id":68574},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[14,68577,68578,68579,303],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[33,68580,2166],{},[26,68582,68584],{"className":28,"code":68583,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[33,68585,68586,68594],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,68587,68588,68590,68592],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,68589,1328],{"class":42},[36,68591,47],{"class":46},[36,68593,7874],{"class":50},[36,68595,68596,68598,68600,68602,68604,68606],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,68597,142],{"class":141},[36,68599,145],{"class":50},[36,68601,438],{"class":141},[36,68603,145],{"class":50},[36,68605,1369],{"class":148},[36,68607,445],{"class":50},[14,68609,182],{},[26,68611,68612],{"className":28,"code":47289,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,68613,68614],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,68615,68616],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,68617,47289],{"class":54},[14,68619,68620],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[26,68622,68624],{"className":28,"code":68623,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[33,68625,68626,68634,68638,68656,68670,68676],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,68627,68628,68630,68632],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,68629,1328],{"class":42},[36,68631,47],{"class":46},[36,68633,7874],{"class":50},[36,68635,68636],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,68637,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,68639,68640,68642,68644,68646,68648,68650,68652,68654],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,68641,7037],{"class":3917},[36,68643,38422],{"class":141},[36,68645,145],{"class":50},[36,68647,1369],{"class":148},[36,68649,3703],{"class":50},[36,68651,38432],{"class":46},[36,68653,3875],{"class":54},[36,68655,6433],{"class":50},[36,68657,68658,68660,68662,68664,68666,68668],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,68659,8105],{"class":141},[36,68661,145],{"class":50},[36,68663,1369],{"class":148},[36,68665,3941],{"class":50},[36,68667,2166],{"class":54},[36,68669,115],{"class":50},[36,68671,68672,68674],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,68673,27468],{"class":3917},[36,68675,6433],{"class":50},[36,68677,68678,68680,68682,68684,68686,68688],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,68679,8105],{"class":141},[36,68681,145],{"class":50},[36,68683,88],{"class":87},[36,68685,51855],{"class":91},[36,68687,88],{"class":87},[36,68689,152],{"class":50},[14,68691,182],{},[26,68693,68695],{"className":28,"code":68694,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"The list is empty\n",[33,68696,68697],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,68698,68699,68701,68703,68705],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,68700,2026],{"class":42},[36,68702,1225],{"class":80},[36,68704,8132],{"class":46},[36,68706,8138],{"class":42},[14,68708,68709,68710,68712],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[294,68711,52810],{"href":51018}," is a good next step.",[21,68714,68716],{"id":68715},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[14,68718,68719,68721,68722,68725],{},[33,68720,42398],{}," counts only the ",[180,68723,68724],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[14,68727,68728],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[26,68730,68732],{"className":28,"code":68731,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[33,68733,68734,68770],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,68735,68736,68738,68740,68742,68744,68746,68748,68750,68752,68754,68756,68758,68760,68762,68764,68766,68768],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,68737,9200],{"class":42},[36,68739,47],{"class":46},[36,68741,56333],{"class":50},[36,68743,55],{"class":54},[36,68745,58],{"class":50},[36,68747,61],{"class":54},[36,68749,18093],{"class":50},[36,68751,1333],{"class":50},[36,68753,485],{"class":54},[36,68755,58],{"class":50},[36,68757,559],{"class":54},[36,68759,18093],{"class":50},[36,68761,1333],{"class":50},[36,68763,2183],{"class":54},[36,68765,58],{"class":50},[36,68767,37679],{"class":54},[36,68769,53281],{"class":50},[36,68771,68772,68774,68776,68778,68780,68782],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,68773,142],{"class":141},[36,68775,145],{"class":50},[36,68777,438],{"class":141},[36,68779,145],{"class":50},[36,68781,9239],{"class":148},[36,68783,445],{"class":50},[14,68785,182],{},[26,68787,68788],{"className":28,"code":475,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,68789,68790],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,68791,68792],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,68793,475],{"class":54},[14,68795,68796],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[14,68798,1231],{},[26,68800,68802],{"className":28,"code":68801,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[33,68803,68804,68830],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,68805,68806,68808,68810,68812,68814,68816,68818,68820,68822,68824,68826,68828],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,68807,59511],{"class":42},[36,68809,47],{"class":46},[36,68811,1333],{"class":50},[36,68813,55],{"class":54},[36,68815,58],{"class":50},[36,68817,1333],{"class":50},[36,68819,481],{"class":54},[36,68821,58],{"class":50},[36,68823,66],{"class":54},[36,68825,18093],{"class":50},[36,68827,559],{"class":54},[36,68829,1355],{"class":50},[36,68831,68832,68834,68836,68838,68840,68842],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,68833,142],{"class":141},[36,68835,145],{"class":50},[36,68837,438],{"class":141},[36,68839,145],{"class":50},[36,68841,59564],{"class":148},[36,68843,445],{"class":50},[14,68845,182],{},[26,68847,68848],{"className":28,"code":475,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,68849,68850],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,68851,68852],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,68853,475],{"class":54},[14,68855,478,68856,68859],{},[33,68857,68858],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[21,68861,4557],{"id":4556},[376,68863,1462,68865,11122,68868],{"id":68864},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[33,68866,68867],{},"my_list.len()",[33,68869,68313],{},[14,68871,68872],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[14,68874,16673],{},[26,68876,68878],{"className":28,"code":68877,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[33,68879,68880,68900],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,68881,68882,68884,68886,68888,68890,68892,68894,68896,68898],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,68883,43],{"class":42},[36,68885,47],{"class":46},[36,68887,1333],{"class":50},[36,68889,631],{"class":54},[36,68891,58],{"class":50},[36,68893,636],{"class":54},[36,68895,58],{"class":50},[36,68897,645],{"class":54},[36,68899,1355],{"class":50},[36,68901,68902,68904,68906,68908,68910,68912],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,68903,142],{"class":141},[36,68905,145],{"class":50},[36,68907,149],{"class":148},[36,68909,303],{"class":50},[36,68911,438],{"class":148},[36,68913,1847],{"class":50},[14,68915,16685],{},[26,68917,68919],{"className":28,"code":68918,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[33,68920,68921,68941],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,68922,68923,68925,68927,68929,68931,68933,68935,68937,68939],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,68924,43],{"class":42},[36,68926,47],{"class":46},[36,68928,1333],{"class":50},[36,68930,631],{"class":54},[36,68932,58],{"class":50},[36,68934,636],{"class":54},[36,68936,58],{"class":50},[36,68938,645],{"class":54},[36,68940,1355],{"class":50},[36,68942,68943,68945,68947,68949,68951,68953],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,68944,142],{"class":141},[36,68946,145],{"class":50},[36,68948,438],{"class":141},[36,68950,145],{"class":50},[36,68952,149],{"class":148},[36,68954,445],{"class":50},[14,68956,68957,68959],{},[33,68958,42398],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[376,68961,25721],{"id":25720},[14,68963,16673],{},[26,68965,68967],{"className":28,"code":68966,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[33,68968,68969,68989],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,68970,68971,68973,68975,68977,68979,68981,68983,68985,68987],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,68972,43],{"class":42},[36,68974,47],{"class":46},[36,68976,1333],{"class":50},[36,68978,631],{"class":54},[36,68980,58],{"class":50},[36,68982,636],{"class":54},[36,68984,58],{"class":50},[36,68986,645],{"class":54},[36,68988,1355],{"class":50},[36,68990,68991,68993,68995,68997],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,68992,142],{"class":141},[36,68994,145],{"class":50},[36,68996,438],{"class":141},[36,68998,152],{"class":50},[14,69000,69001],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[14,69003,16685],{},[26,69005,69006],{"className":28,"code":68918,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,69007,69008,69028],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,69009,69010,69012,69014,69016,69018,69020,69022,69024,69026],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,69011,43],{"class":42},[36,69013,47],{"class":46},[36,69015,1333],{"class":50},[36,69017,631],{"class":54},[36,69019,58],{"class":50},[36,69021,636],{"class":54},[36,69023,58],{"class":50},[36,69025,645],{"class":54},[36,69027,1355],{"class":50},[36,69029,69030,69032,69034,69036,69038,69040],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,69031,142],{"class":141},[36,69033,145],{"class":50},[36,69035,438],{"class":141},[36,69037,145],{"class":50},[36,69039,149],{"class":148},[36,69041,445],{"class":50},[376,69043,69045],{"id":69044},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[14,69047,69048,69049,69051],{},"The length of a list is ",[180,69050,870],{}," the same as the last index.",[14,69053,2257],{},[26,69055,69057],{"className":28,"code":69056,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[33,69058,69059,69091],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,69060,69061,69063,69065,69067,69069,69071,69073,69075,69077,69079,69081,69083,69085,69087,69089],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,69062,697],{"class":42},[36,69064,47],{"class":46},[36,69066,1333],{"class":50},[36,69068,88],{"class":87},[36,69070,294],{"class":91},[36,69072,88],{"class":87},[36,69074,58],{"class":50},[36,69076,99],{"class":87},[36,69078,1707],{"class":91},[36,69080,88],{"class":87},[36,69082,58],{"class":50},[36,69084,99],{"class":87},[36,69086,9770],{"class":91},[36,69088,88],{"class":87},[36,69090,1355],{"class":50},[36,69092,69093,69095,69097,69099,69101,69103],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,69094,142],{"class":141},[36,69096,145],{"class":50},[36,69098,438],{"class":141},[36,69100,145],{"class":50},[36,69102,721],{"class":148},[36,69104,445],{"class":50},[14,69106,182],{},[26,69108,69109],{"className":28,"code":475,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,69110,69111],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,69112,69113],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,69114,475],{"class":54},[14,69116,69117,69118,18995,69120,303],{},"But the last index is ",[33,69119,481],{},[33,69121,485],{},[14,69123,69124],{},"Indexes are:",[246,69126,69127,69134,69140],{},[249,69128,69129,69131,69132],{},[33,69130,2166],{}," for ",[33,69133,18127],{},[249,69135,69136,69131,69138],{},[33,69137,55],{},[33,69139,65631],{},[249,69141,69142,69131,69144],{},[33,69143,481],{},[33,69145,66517],{},[14,69147,69148],{},"So this causes an error:",[26,69150,69152],{"className":28,"code":69151,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[33,69153,69154,69186],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,69155,69156,69158,69160,69162,69164,69166,69168,69170,69172,69174,69176,69178,69180,69182,69184],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,69157,697],{"class":42},[36,69159,47],{"class":46},[36,69161,1333],{"class":50},[36,69163,88],{"class":87},[36,69165,294],{"class":91},[36,69167,88],{"class":87},[36,69169,58],{"class":50},[36,69171,99],{"class":87},[36,69173,1707],{"class":91},[36,69175,88],{"class":87},[36,69177,58],{"class":50},[36,69179,99],{"class":87},[36,69181,9770],{"class":91},[36,69183,88],{"class":87},[36,69185,1355],{"class":50},[36,69187,69188,69190,69192,69194,69196,69198,69200,69202],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,69189,142],{"class":141},[36,69191,145],{"class":50},[36,69193,721],{"class":148},[36,69195,3941],{"class":50},[36,69197,438],{"class":141},[36,69199,145],{"class":50},[36,69201,721],{"class":148},[36,69203,10709],{"class":50},[14,69205,8532,69206,4822,69209,69211,69212,69214],{},[33,69207,69208],{},"len(letters)",[33,69210,485],{},", and index ",[33,69213,485],{}," does not exist.",[14,69216,18872],{},[26,69218,69220],{"className":28,"code":69219,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[33,69221,69222,69254],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,69223,69224,69226,69228,69230,69232,69234,69236,69238,69240,69242,69244,69246,69248,69250,69252],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,69225,697],{"class":42},[36,69227,47],{"class":46},[36,69229,1333],{"class":50},[36,69231,88],{"class":87},[36,69233,294],{"class":91},[36,69235,88],{"class":87},[36,69237,58],{"class":50},[36,69239,99],{"class":87},[36,69241,1707],{"class":91},[36,69243,88],{"class":87},[36,69245,58],{"class":50},[36,69247,99],{"class":87},[36,69249,9770],{"class":91},[36,69251,88],{"class":87},[36,69253,1355],{"class":50},[36,69255,69256,69258,69260,69262,69264,69266,69268,69270,69272,69274,69276],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,69257,142],{"class":141},[36,69259,145],{"class":50},[36,69261,721],{"class":148},[36,69263,3941],{"class":50},[36,69265,438],{"class":141},[36,69267,145],{"class":50},[36,69269,721],{"class":148},[36,69271,3703],{"class":50},[36,69273,2272],{"class":46},[36,69275,1340],{"class":54},[36,69277,115],{"class":50},[14,69279,182],{},[26,69281,69283],{"className":28,"code":69282,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"c\n",[33,69284,69285],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,69286,69287],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,69288,69282],{"class":42},[14,69290,69291,69292,303],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[294,69293,69295],{"href":69294},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[376,69297,1462,69299,69301],{"id":69298},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[33,69300,42398],{}," on the wrong variable",[14,69303,69304],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[14,69306,69307],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[26,69309,69311],{"className":28,"code":69310,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[33,69312,69313,69323,69337,69351],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,69314,69315,69317,69319,69321],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,69316,142],{"class":141},[36,69318,145],{"class":50},[36,69320,8375],{"class":148},[36,69322,152],{"class":50},[36,69324,69325,69327,69329,69331,69333,69335],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,69326,142],{"class":141},[36,69328,145],{"class":50},[36,69330,438],{"class":141},[36,69332,145],{"class":50},[36,69334,8375],{"class":148},[36,69336,445],{"class":50},[36,69338,69339,69341,69343,69345,69347,69349],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,69340,142],{"class":141},[36,69342,145],{"class":50},[36,69344,818],{"class":80},[36,69346,145],{"class":50},[36,69348,8375],{"class":148},[36,69350,445],{"class":50},[36,69352,69353,69355,69357,69359,69361,69363],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,69354,142],{"class":141},[36,69356,145],{"class":50},[36,69358,8375],{"class":148},[36,69360,3941],{"class":50},[36,69362,2166],{"class":54},[36,69364,115],{"class":50},[14,69366,69367],{},"These help you verify:",[246,69369,69370,69373,69375,69378],{},[249,69371,69372],{},"what the variable contains",[249,69374,60819],{},[249,69376,69377],{},"whether it is really a list",[249,69379,69380],{},"what the first item is",[14,69382,69383,69384,69387],{},"Be careful with ",[33,69385,69386],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[21,69389,5000,69391,69393],{"id":69390},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[33,69392,42398],{}," with lists",[14,69395,69396,69397,69399],{},"You will often use ",[33,69398,42398],{}," in real programs.",[14,69401,9405],{},[246,69403,69404,69406,69409,69412],{},[249,69405,51809],{},[249,69407,69408],{},"Control loops",[249,69410,69411],{},"Validate input or results",[249,69413,69414],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[14,69416,69417],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[26,69419,69421],{"className":28,"code":69420,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[33,69422,69423,69443,69459,69463,69477,69491],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,69424,69425,69427,69429,69431,69433,69435,69437,69439,69441],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,69426,2604],{"class":42},[36,69428,47],{"class":46},[36,69430,1333],{"class":50},[36,69432,55],{"class":54},[36,69434,58],{"class":50},[36,69436,61],{"class":54},[36,69438,58],{"class":50},[36,69440,66],{"class":54},[36,69442,1355],{"class":50},[36,69444,69445,69447,69449,69451,69453,69455,69457],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,69446,2632],{"class":42},[36,69448,47],{"class":46},[36,69450,1333],{"class":50},[36,69452,631],{"class":54},[36,69454,58],{"class":50},[36,69456,636],{"class":54},[36,69458,1355],{"class":50},[36,69460,69461],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,69462,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,69464,69465,69467,69469,69471,69473,69475],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,69466,142],{"class":141},[36,69468,145],{"class":50},[36,69470,438],{"class":141},[36,69472,145],{"class":50},[36,69474,294],{"class":148},[36,69476,445],{"class":50},[36,69478,69479,69481,69483,69485,69487,69489],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,69480,142],{"class":141},[36,69482,145],{"class":50},[36,69484,438],{"class":141},[36,69486,145],{"class":50},[36,69488,1707],{"class":148},[36,69490,445],{"class":50},[36,69492,69493,69495,69497,69499,69501,69503,69505,69507,69509,69511,69513],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,69494,142],{"class":141},[36,69496,145],{"class":50},[36,69498,438],{"class":141},[36,69500,145],{"class":50},[36,69502,294],{"class":148},[36,69504,3703],{"class":50},[36,69506,38432],{"class":46},[36,69508,38422],{"class":141},[36,69510,145],{"class":50},[36,69512,1707],{"class":148},[36,69514,445],{"class":50},[14,69516,182],{},[26,69518,69520],{"className":28,"code":69519,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[33,69521,69522,69526,69530],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,69523,69524],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,69525,475],{"class":54},[36,69527,69528],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,69529,17086],{"class":54},[36,69531,69532],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,69533,4020],{"class":1143},[14,69535,69536],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[26,69538,69540],{"className":28,"code":69539,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[33,69541,69542,69574,69578,69600],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,69543,69544,69546,69548,69550,69552,69554,69556,69558,69560,69562,69564,69566,69568,69570,69572],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,69545,5034],{"class":42},[36,69547,47],{"class":46},[36,69549,1333],{"class":50},[36,69551,88],{"class":87},[36,69553,12912],{"class":91},[36,69555,88],{"class":87},[36,69557,58],{"class":50},[36,69559,99],{"class":87},[36,69561,35977],{"class":91},[36,69563,88],{"class":87},[36,69565,58],{"class":50},[36,69567,99],{"class":87},[36,69569,35986],{"class":91},[36,69571,88],{"class":87},[36,69573,1355],{"class":50},[36,69575,69576],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,69577,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,69579,69580,69582,69585,69587,69589,69591,69593,69595,69597],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,69581,5997],{"class":3917},[36,69583,69584],{"class":42}," i ",[36,69586,3924],{"class":3917},[36,69588,54109],{"class":141},[36,69590,145],{"class":50},[36,69592,438],{"class":141},[36,69594,145],{"class":50},[36,69596,5078],{"class":148},[36,69598,69599],{"class":50},")):\n",[36,69601,69602,69604,69606,69608,69610,69613,69615,69617],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,69603,8105],{"class":141},[36,69605,145],{"class":50},[36,69607,36189],{"class":148},[36,69609,58],{"class":50},[36,69611,69612],{"class":148}," names",[36,69614,3941],{"class":50},[36,69616,36189],{"class":148},[36,69618,115],{"class":50},[14,69620,182],{},[26,69622,69623],{"className":28,"code":36035,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,69624,69625,69631,69637],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,69626,69627,69629],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,69628,2166],{"class":54},[36,69630,36044],{"class":42},[36,69632,69633,69635],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,69634,55],{"class":54},[36,69636,36051],{"class":42},[36,69638,69639,69641],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,69640,481],{"class":54},[36,69642,36058],{"class":42},[14,69644,69645,69646,303],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[294,69647,69649],{"href":69648},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[14,69651,69652,69653,69655],{},"You can also read ",[294,69654,51586],{"href":51585}," for a task-focused guide.",[21,69657,1872],{"id":1871},[376,69659,69661],{"id":69660},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[14,69663,495,69664,69667],{},[33,69665,69666],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[376,69669,5182,69671,12747],{"id":69670},"what-does-len-return",[33,69672,69673],{},"len([])",[14,69675,5188,69676,69678],{},[33,69677,2166],{}," because the list is empty.",[376,69680,69682],{"id":69681},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[14,69684,69685],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[376,69687,28363,69689,69691],{"id":69688},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[33,69690,68867],{}," in Python?",[14,69693,30304,69694,8258,69696,69698],{},[33,69695,68313],{},[33,69697,42398],{}," is a built-in function.",[21,69700,1923],{"id":1922},[246,69702,69703,69709,69713,69717,69721],{},[249,69704,69705],{},[294,69706,1935,69707,3554],{"href":42395},[33,69708,42398],{},[249,69710,69711],{},[294,69712,52629],{"href":51585},[249,69714,69715],{},[294,69716,52810],{"href":51018},[249,69718,69719],{},[294,69720,69295],{"href":69294},[249,69722,69723],{},[294,69724,69725],{"href":69648},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1962,69727,69728],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":69730},[69731,69732,69734,69735,69736,69737,69745,69747,69755],{"id":243,"depth":72,"text":244},{"id":68305,"depth":72,"text":69733},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5825,"depth":72,"text":5826},{"id":68574,"depth":72,"text":68575},{"id":68715,"depth":72,"text":68716},{"id":4556,"depth":72,"text":4557,"children":69738},[69739,69741,69742,69743],{"id":68864,"depth":118,"text":69740},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25720,"depth":118,"text":25721},{"id":69044,"depth":118,"text":69045},{"id":69298,"depth":118,"text":69744},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69390,"depth":72,"text":69746},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":69748},[69749,69750,69752,69753],{"id":69660,"depth":118,"text":69661},{"id":69670,"depth":118,"text":69751},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69681,"depth":118,"text":69682},{"id":69688,"depth":118,"text":69754},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68200,"description":69756},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69762,"title":69763,"body":69764,"description":71746,"extension":2009,"meta":71747,"navigation":134,"path":71748,"seo":71749,"stem":71750,"__hash__":71751},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69765,"toc":71719},[69766,69769,69774,69777,69785,69798,69800,69865,69867,69889,69894,69898,69903,69911,69913,69923,69925,70006,70008,70038,70040,70059,70064,70081,70083,70167,70169,70199,70204,70208,70214,70298,70300,70330,70333,70337,70340,70431,70433,70471,70474,70559,70561,70591,70597,70604,70608,70613,70622,70624,70709,70711,70740,70743,70751,70755,70759,70768,70791,70793,70815,70817,70831,70833,70893,70897,70902,70941,70943,70960,70962,70972,71071,71076,71080,71085,71128,71130,71158,71160,71174,71249,71251,71273,71277,71280,71285,71296,71301,71309,71312,71383,71385,71410,71467,71469,71490,71499,71507,71512,71514,71519,71540,71543,71618,71621,71635,71642,71644,71648,71654,71658,71668,71672,71679,71683,71689,71691,71716],[10,69767,69763],{"id":69768},"python-list-pop-method",[14,69770,69771,69773],{},[33,69772,55121],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[14,69775,69776],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[246,69778,69779,69782],{},[249,69780,69781],{},"delete an item from a list",[249,69783,69784],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[14,69786,69787,69788,69790,69791,8741,69793,69797],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[33,69789,12794],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[33,69792,12794],{},[294,69794,69795],{"href":55111},[33,69796,55568],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[21,69799,2051],{"id":2050},[26,69801,69803],{"className":28,"code":69802,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,69804,69805,69825,69840,69844,69855],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,69806,69807,69809,69811,69813,69815,69817,69819,69821,69823],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,69808,43],{"class":42},[36,69810,47],{"class":46},[36,69812,1333],{"class":50},[36,69814,631],{"class":54},[36,69816,58],{"class":50},[36,69818,636],{"class":54},[36,69820,58],{"class":50},[36,69822,645],{"class":54},[36,69824,1355],{"class":50},[36,69826,69827,69830,69832,69834,69836,69838],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,69828,69829],{"class":42},"last_item ",[36,69831,47],{"class":46},[36,69833,4301],{"class":42},[36,69835,303],{"class":50},[36,69837,26275],{"class":148},[36,69839,128],{"class":50},[36,69841,69842],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,69843,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,69845,69846,69848,69850,69853],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,69847,142],{"class":141},[36,69849,145],{"class":50},[36,69851,69852],{"class":148},"last_item",[36,69854,152],{"class":50},[36,69856,69857,69859,69861,69863],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,69858,142],{"class":141},[36,69860,145],{"class":50},[36,69862,149],{"class":148},[36,69864,152],{"class":50},[14,69866,182],{},[26,69868,69870],{"className":28,"code":69869,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[33,69871,69872,69877],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,69873,69874],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,69875,69876],{"class":54},"30\n",[36,69878,69879,69881,69883,69885,69887],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,69880,3941],{"class":50},[36,69882,631],{"class":54},[36,69884,58],{"class":50},[36,69886,636],{"class":54},[36,69888,1355],{"class":50},[14,69890,495,69891,69893],{},[33,69892,12794],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[21,69895,69897],{"id":69896},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[14,69899,69900,69902],{},[33,69901,12794],{}," has two main jobs:",[246,69904,69905,69908],{},[249,69906,69907],{},"It removes one item from a list",[249,69909,69910],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[14,69912,43688],{},[246,69914,69915,69918,69921],{},[249,69916,69917],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[249,69919,69920],{},"It changes the original list",[249,69922,52784],{},[14,69924,2257],{},[26,69926,69928],{"className":28,"code":69927,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[33,69929,69930,69962,69966,69981,69985,69996],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,69931,69932,69934,69936,69938,69940,69942,69944,69946,69948,69950,69952,69954,69956,69958,69960],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,69933,13108],{"class":42},[36,69935,47],{"class":46},[36,69937,1333],{"class":50},[36,69939,88],{"class":87},[36,69941,13125],{"class":91},[36,69943,88],{"class":87},[36,69945,58],{"class":50},[36,69947,99],{"class":87},[36,69949,17486],{"class":91},[36,69951,88],{"class":87},[36,69953,58],{"class":50},[36,69955,99],{"class":87},[36,69957,13142],{"class":91},[36,69959,88],{"class":87},[36,69961,1355],{"class":50},[36,69963,69964],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,69965,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,69967,69968,69971,69973,69975,69977,69979],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,69969,69970],{"class":42},"removed ",[36,69972,47],{"class":46},[36,69974,13156],{"class":42},[36,69976,303],{"class":50},[36,69978,26275],{"class":148},[36,69980,128],{"class":50},[36,69982,69983],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,69984,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,69986,69987,69989,69991,69994],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,69988,142],{"class":141},[36,69990,145],{"class":50},[36,69992,69993],{"class":148},"removed",[36,69995,152],{"class":50},[36,69997,69998,70000,70002,70004],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,69999,142],{"class":141},[36,70001,145],{"class":50},[36,70003,17533],{"class":148},[36,70005,152],{"class":50},[14,70007,182],{},[26,70009,70011],{"className":28,"code":70010,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[33,70012,70013,70018],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,70014,70015],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,70016,70017],{"class":42},"blue\n",[36,70019,70020,70022,70024,70026,70028,70030,70032,70034,70036],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,70021,3941],{"class":50},[36,70023,211],{"class":87},[36,70025,13125],{"class":91},[36,70027,211],{"class":87},[36,70029,58],{"class":50},[36,70031,220],{"class":87},[36,70033,17486],{"class":91},[36,70035,211],{"class":87},[36,70037,1355],{"class":50},[21,70039,2205],{"id":2204},[26,70041,70043],{"className":28,"code":70042,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"list.pop([index])\n",[33,70044,70045],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,70046,70047,70049,70051,70053,70055,70057],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,70048,1225],{"class":80},[36,70050,303],{"class":50},[36,70052,26275],{"class":148},[36,70054,84],{"class":50},[36,70056,35882],{"class":148},[36,70058,115],{"class":50},[14,70060,2026,70061,70063],{},[33,70062,35882],{}," is optional.",[246,70065,70066,70072,70078],{},[249,70067,70068,70069,70071],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[33,70070,12794],{}," removes the last item",[249,70073,70074,70075,70077],{},"If you give an index, ",[33,70076,12794],{}," removes the item at that position",[249,70079,70080],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[14,70082,2257],{},[26,70084,70086],{"className":28,"code":70085,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[33,70087,70088,70120,70124,70143,70147,70157],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,70089,70090,70092,70094,70096,70098,70100,70102,70104,70106,70108,70110,70112,70114,70116,70118],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,70091,697],{"class":42},[36,70093,47],{"class":46},[36,70095,1333],{"class":50},[36,70097,88],{"class":87},[36,70099,294],{"class":91},[36,70101,88],{"class":87},[36,70103,58],{"class":50},[36,70105,99],{"class":87},[36,70107,1707],{"class":91},[36,70109,88],{"class":87},[36,70111,58],{"class":50},[36,70113,99],{"class":87},[36,70115,9770],{"class":91},[36,70117,88],{"class":87},[36,70119,1355],{"class":50},[36,70121,70122],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,70123,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,70125,70126,70128,70130,70133,70135,70137,70139,70141],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,70127,28573],{"class":42},[36,70129,47],{"class":46},[36,70131,70132],{"class":42}," letters",[36,70134,303],{"class":50},[36,70136,26275],{"class":148},[36,70138,145],{"class":50},[36,70140,55],{"class":54},[36,70142,152],{"class":50},[36,70144,70145],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,70146,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,70148,70149,70151,70153,70155],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,70150,142],{"class":141},[36,70152,145],{"class":50},[36,70154,23343],{"class":148},[36,70156,152],{"class":50},[36,70158,70159,70161,70163,70165],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,70160,142],{"class":141},[36,70162,145],{"class":50},[36,70164,721],{"class":148},[36,70166,152],{"class":50},[14,70168,182],{},[26,70170,70172],{"className":28,"code":70171,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[33,70173,70174,70179],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,70175,70176],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,70177,70178],{"class":42},"b\n",[36,70180,70181,70183,70185,70187,70189,70191,70193,70195,70197],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,70182,3941],{"class":50},[36,70184,211],{"class":87},[36,70186,294],{"class":91},[36,70188,211],{"class":87},[36,70190,58],{"class":50},[36,70192,220],{"class":87},[36,70194,9770],{"class":91},[36,70196,211],{"class":87},[36,70198,1355],{"class":50},[14,70200,70201,70202,303],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[294,70203,52810],{"href":51018},[21,70205,70207],{"id":70206},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[14,70209,70210,70211,70213],{},"When you call ",[33,70212,12794],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[26,70215,70217],{"className":28,"code":70216,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[33,70218,70219,70254,70258,70273,70277,70288],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,70220,70221,70223,70225,70227,70229,70232,70234,70236,70238,70241,70243,70245,70247,70250,70252],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,70222,29932],{"class":42},[36,70224,47],{"class":46},[36,70226,1333],{"class":50},[36,70228,88],{"class":87},[36,70230,70231],{"class":91},"write",[36,70233,88],{"class":87},[36,70235,58],{"class":50},[36,70237,99],{"class":87},[36,70239,70240],{"class":91},"test",[36,70242,88],{"class":87},[36,70244,58],{"class":50},[36,70246,99],{"class":87},[36,70248,70249],{"class":91},"submit",[36,70251,88],{"class":87},[36,70253,1355],{"class":50},[36,70255,70256],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,70257,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,70259,70260,70263,70265,70267,70269,70271],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,70261,70262],{"class":42},"last_task ",[36,70264,47],{"class":46},[36,70266,30010],{"class":42},[36,70268,303],{"class":50},[36,70270,26275],{"class":148},[36,70272,128],{"class":50},[36,70274,70275],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,70276,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,70278,70279,70281,70283,70286],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,70280,142],{"class":141},[36,70282,145],{"class":50},[36,70284,70285],{"class":148},"last_task",[36,70287,152],{"class":50},[36,70289,70290,70292,70294,70296],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,70291,142],{"class":141},[36,70293,145],{"class":50},[36,70295,36540],{"class":148},[36,70297,152],{"class":50},[14,70299,182],{},[26,70301,70303],{"className":28,"code":70302,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[33,70304,70305,70310],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,70306,70307],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,70308,70309],{"class":42},"submit\n",[36,70311,70312,70314,70316,70318,70320,70322,70324,70326,70328],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,70313,3941],{"class":50},[36,70315,211],{"class":87},[36,70317,70231],{"class":91},[36,70319,211],{"class":87},[36,70321,58],{"class":50},[36,70323,220],{"class":87},[36,70325,70240],{"class":91},[36,70327,211],{"class":87},[36,70329,1355],{"class":50},[14,70331,70332],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[21,70334,70336],{"id":70335},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[14,70338,70339],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[26,70341,70343],{"className":28,"code":70342,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[33,70344,70345,70385,70389,70407,70411,70421],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,70346,70347,70349,70351,70353,70355,70357,70359,70361,70363,70365,70367,70369,70371,70373,70375,70377,70379,70381,70383],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,70348,36273],{"class":42},[36,70350,47],{"class":46},[36,70352,1333],{"class":50},[36,70354,88],{"class":87},[36,70356,92],{"class":91},[36,70358,88],{"class":87},[36,70360,58],{"class":50},[36,70362,99],{"class":87},[36,70364,102],{"class":91},[36,70366,88],{"class":87},[36,70368,58],{"class":50},[36,70370,99],{"class":87},[36,70372,4135],{"class":91},[36,70374,88],{"class":87},[36,70376,58],{"class":50},[36,70378,99],{"class":87},[36,70380,1005],{"class":91},[36,70382,88],{"class":87},[36,70384,1355],{"class":50},[36,70386,70387],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,70388,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,70390,70391,70393,70395,70397,70399,70401,70403,70405],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,70392,69970],{"class":42},[36,70394,47],{"class":46},[36,70396,52890],{"class":42},[36,70398,303],{"class":50},[36,70400,26275],{"class":148},[36,70402,145],{"class":50},[36,70404,55],{"class":54},[36,70406,152],{"class":50},[36,70408,70409],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,70410,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,70412,70413,70415,70417,70419],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,70414,142],{"class":141},[36,70416,145],{"class":50},[36,70418,69993],{"class":148},[36,70420,152],{"class":50},[36,70422,70423,70425,70427,70429],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,70424,142],{"class":141},[36,70426,145],{"class":50},[36,70428,36325],{"class":148},[36,70430,152],{"class":50},[14,70432,182],{},[26,70434,70436],{"className":28,"code":70435,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[33,70437,70438,70443],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,70439,70440],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,70441,70442],{"class":42},"banana\n",[36,70444,70445,70447,70449,70451,70453,70455,70457,70459,70461,70463,70465,70467,70469],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,70446,3941],{"class":50},[36,70448,211],{"class":87},[36,70450,92],{"class":91},[36,70452,211],{"class":87},[36,70454,58],{"class":50},[36,70456,220],{"class":87},[36,70458,4135],{"class":91},[36,70460,211],{"class":87},[36,70462,58],{"class":50},[36,70464,220],{"class":87},[36,70466,1005],{"class":91},[36,70468,211],{"class":87},[36,70470,1355],{"class":50},[14,70472,70473],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[26,70475,70477],{"className":28,"code":70476,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[33,70478,70479,70511,70515,70535,70539,70549],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,70480,70481,70483,70485,70487,70489,70491,70493,70495,70497,70499,70501,70503,70505,70507,70509],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,70482,36273],{"class":42},[36,70484,47],{"class":46},[36,70486,1333],{"class":50},[36,70488,88],{"class":87},[36,70490,92],{"class":91},[36,70492,88],{"class":87},[36,70494,58],{"class":50},[36,70496,99],{"class":87},[36,70498,102],{"class":91},[36,70500,88],{"class":87},[36,70502,58],{"class":50},[36,70504,99],{"class":87},[36,70506,4135],{"class":91},[36,70508,88],{"class":87},[36,70510,1355],{"class":50},[36,70512,70513],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,70514,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,70516,70517,70519,70521,70523,70525,70527,70529,70531,70533],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,70518,69970],{"class":42},[36,70520,47],{"class":46},[36,70522,52890],{"class":42},[36,70524,303],{"class":50},[36,70526,26275],{"class":148},[36,70528,145],{"class":50},[36,70530,2070],{"class":46},[36,70532,55],{"class":54},[36,70534,152],{"class":50},[36,70536,70537],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,70538,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,70540,70541,70543,70545,70547],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,70542,142],{"class":141},[36,70544,145],{"class":50},[36,70546,69993],{"class":148},[36,70548,152],{"class":50},[36,70550,70551,70553,70555,70557],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,70552,142],{"class":141},[36,70554,145],{"class":50},[36,70556,36325],{"class":148},[36,70558,152],{"class":50},[14,70560,182],{},[26,70562,70564],{"className":28,"code":70563,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[33,70565,70566,70571],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,70567,70568],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,70569,70570],{"class":42},"cherry\n",[36,70572,70573,70575,70577,70579,70581,70583,70585,70587,70589],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,70574,3941],{"class":50},[36,70576,211],{"class":87},[36,70578,92],{"class":91},[36,70580,211],{"class":87},[36,70582,58],{"class":50},[36,70584,220],{"class":87},[36,70586,102],{"class":91},[36,70588,211],{"class":87},[36,70590,1355],{"class":50},[14,70592,70593,70594,70596],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[33,70595,65890],{}," means the last item.",[14,70598,70599,70600,303],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[294,70601,70602,1939],{"href":59003},[33,70603,64901],{},[21,70605,70607],{"id":70606},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[14,70609,70610,70612],{},[33,70611,12794],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[14,70614,70615,70616,482,70618,303],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[33,70617,12794],{},[294,70619,70620],{"href":55111},[33,70621,55568],{},[14,70623,2257],{},[26,70625,70627],{"className":28,"code":70626,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[33,70628,70629,70661,70665,70684,70688,70699],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,70630,70631,70633,70635,70637,70639,70641,70643,70645,70647,70649,70651,70653,70655,70657,70659],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,70632,5034],{"class":42},[36,70634,47],{"class":46},[36,70636,1333],{"class":50},[36,70638,88],{"class":87},[36,70640,12912],{"class":91},[36,70642,88],{"class":87},[36,70644,58],{"class":50},[36,70646,99],{"class":87},[36,70648,35977],{"class":91},[36,70650,88],{"class":87},[36,70652,58],{"class":50},[36,70654,99],{"class":87},[36,70656,35986],{"class":91},[36,70658,88],{"class":87},[36,70660,1355],{"class":50},[36,70662,70663],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,70664,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,70666,70667,70670,70672,70674,70676,70678,70680,70682],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,70668,70669],{"class":42},"removed_name ",[36,70671,47],{"class":46},[36,70673,69612],{"class":42},[36,70675,303],{"class":50},[36,70677,26275],{"class":148},[36,70679,145],{"class":50},[36,70681,2166],{"class":54},[36,70683,152],{"class":50},[36,70685,70686],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,70687,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,70689,70690,70692,70694,70697],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,70691,142],{"class":141},[36,70693,145],{"class":50},[36,70695,70696],{"class":148},"removed_name",[36,70698,152],{"class":50},[36,70700,70701,70703,70705,70707],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,70702,142],{"class":141},[36,70704,145],{"class":50},[36,70706,5078],{"class":148},[36,70708,152],{"class":50},[14,70710,182],{},[26,70712,70714],{"className":28,"code":70713,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[33,70715,70716,70720],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,70717,70718],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,70719,50078],{"class":42},[36,70721,70722,70724,70726,70728,70730,70732,70734,70736,70738],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,70723,3941],{"class":50},[36,70725,211],{"class":87},[36,70727,35977],{"class":91},[36,70729,211],{"class":87},[36,70731,58],{"class":50},[36,70733,220],{"class":87},[36,70735,35986],{"class":91},[36,70737,211],{"class":87},[36,70739,1355],{"class":50},[14,70741,70742],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[14,70744,70745,70746,70748,70749,303],{},"By comparison, ",[33,70747,55568],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[33,70750,3822],{},[21,70752,70754],{"id":70753},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[376,70756,70758],{"id":70757},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[14,70760,70761,70762,70764,70765,303],{},"If the list is empty, ",[33,70763,12794],{}," raises an ",[33,70766,70767],{},"IndexError",[26,70769,70771],{"className":28,"code":70770,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[33,70772,70773,70781],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,70774,70775,70777,70779],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,70776,1328],{"class":42},[36,70778,47],{"class":46},[36,70780,7874],{"class":50},[36,70782,70783,70785,70787,70789],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,70784,1369],{"class":42},[36,70786,303],{"class":50},[36,70788,26275],{"class":148},[36,70790,128],{"class":50},[14,70792,182],{},[26,70794,70796],{"className":28,"code":70795,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[33,70797,70798],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,70799,70800,70802,70804,70807,70810,70813],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,70801,70767],{"class":80},[36,70803,1213],{"class":50},[36,70805,70806],{"class":42}," pop ",[36,70808,70809],{"class":3917},"from",[36,70811,70812],{"class":42}," empty ",[36,70814,49924],{"class":80},[14,70816,39298],{},[246,70818,70819,70824],{},[249,70820,70821,70822],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[33,70823,12794],{},[249,70825,70826,70827,482,70829],{},"Or handle the error with ",[33,70828,29838],{},[33,70830,29869],{},[14,70832,2257],{},[26,70834,70836],{"className":28,"code":70835,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[33,70837,70838,70846,70850,70858,70872,70878],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,70839,70840,70842,70844],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,70841,1328],{"class":42},[36,70843,47],{"class":46},[36,70845,7874],{"class":50},[36,70847,70848],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,70849,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,70851,70852,70854,70856],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,70853,7037],{"class":3917},[36,70855,6005],{"class":42},[36,70857,6433],{"class":50},[36,70859,70860,70862,70864,70866,70868,70870],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,70861,8105],{"class":141},[36,70863,145],{"class":50},[36,70865,1369],{"class":148},[36,70867,303],{"class":50},[36,70869,26275],{"class":148},[36,70871,1847],{"class":50},[36,70873,70874,70876],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,70875,27468],{"class":3917},[36,70877,6433],{"class":50},[36,70879,70880,70882,70884,70886,70889,70891],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,70881,8105],{"class":141},[36,70883,145],{"class":50},[36,70885,88],{"class":87},[36,70887,70888],{"class":91},"The list is empty.",[36,70890,88],{"class":87},[36,70892,152],{"class":50},[376,70894,70896],{"id":70895},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[14,70898,70899,70900,303],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[33,70901,70767],{},[26,70903,70905],{"className":28,"code":70904,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[33,70906,70907,70927],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,70908,70909,70911,70913,70915,70917,70919,70921,70923,70925],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,70910,43],{"class":42},[36,70912,47],{"class":46},[36,70914,1333],{"class":50},[36,70916,631],{"class":54},[36,70918,58],{"class":50},[36,70920,636],{"class":54},[36,70922,58],{"class":50},[36,70924,645],{"class":54},[36,70926,1355],{"class":50},[36,70928,70929,70931,70933,70935,70937,70939],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,70930,149],{"class":42},[36,70932,303],{"class":50},[36,70934,26275],{"class":148},[36,70936,145],{"class":50},[36,70938,2183],{"class":54},[36,70940,152],{"class":50},[14,70942,182],{},[26,70944,70946],{"className":28,"code":70945,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[33,70947,70948],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,70949,70950,70952,70954,70957],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,70951,70767],{"class":80},[36,70953,1213],{"class":50},[36,70955,70956],{"class":42}," pop index out of ",[36,70958,70959],{"class":141},"range\n",[14,70961,39298],{},[246,70963,70964,70969],{},[249,70965,70966,70967],{},"Check the list length with ",[33,70968,42398],{},[249,70970,70971],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[26,70973,70975],{"className":28,"code":70974,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[33,70976,70977,70997,71006,71010,71032,71050,71056],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,70978,70979,70981,70983,70985,70987,70989,70991,70993,70995],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,70980,43],{"class":42},[36,70982,47],{"class":46},[36,70984,1333],{"class":50},[36,70986,631],{"class":54},[36,70988,58],{"class":50},[36,70990,636],{"class":54},[36,70992,58],{"class":50},[36,70994,645],{"class":54},[36,70996,1355],{"class":50},[36,70998,70999,71002,71004],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,71000,71001],{"class":42},"index ",[36,71003,47],{"class":46},[36,71005,45627],{"class":54},[36,71007,71008],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,71009,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,71011,71012,71014,71016,71019,71022,71024,71026,71028,71030],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,71013,7037],{"class":3917},[36,71015,3875],{"class":54},[36,71017,71018],{"class":46}," \u003C=",[36,71020,71021],{"class":42}," index ",[36,71023,844],{"class":46},[36,71025,38422],{"class":141},[36,71027,145],{"class":50},[36,71029,149],{"class":148},[36,71031,8378],{"class":50},[36,71033,71034,71036,71038,71040,71042,71044,71046,71048],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,71035,8105],{"class":141},[36,71037,145],{"class":50},[36,71039,149],{"class":148},[36,71041,303],{"class":50},[36,71043,26275],{"class":148},[36,71045,145],{"class":50},[36,71047,35882],{"class":148},[36,71049,445],{"class":50},[36,71051,71052,71054],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,71053,27468],{"class":3917},[36,71055,6433],{"class":50},[36,71057,71058,71060,71062,71064,71067,71069],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,71059,8105],{"class":141},[36,71061,145],{"class":50},[36,71063,88],{"class":87},[36,71065,71066],{"class":91},"Index is out of range.",[36,71068,88],{"class":87},[36,71070,152],{"class":50},[14,71072,71073,71074,303],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[294,71075,69295],{"href":69294},[376,71077,71079],{"id":71078},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[14,71081,71082,71084],{},[33,71083,12794],{}," expects an integer index.",[26,71086,71088],{"className":28,"code":71087,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[33,71089,71090,71110],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,71091,71092,71094,71096,71098,71100,71102,71104,71106,71108],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,71093,43],{"class":42},[36,71095,47],{"class":46},[36,71097,1333],{"class":50},[36,71099,631],{"class":54},[36,71101,58],{"class":50},[36,71103,636],{"class":54},[36,71105,58],{"class":50},[36,71107,645],{"class":54},[36,71109,1355],{"class":50},[36,71111,71112,71114,71116,71118,71120,71122,71124,71126],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,71113,149],{"class":42},[36,71115,303],{"class":50},[36,71117,26275],{"class":148},[36,71119,145],{"class":50},[36,71121,88],{"class":87},[36,71123,55],{"class":91},[36,71125,88],{"class":87},[36,71127,152],{"class":50},[14,71129,182],{},[26,71131,71133],{"className":28,"code":71132,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[33,71134,71135],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,71136,71137,71139,71141,71143,71145,71147,71149,71152,71155],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,71138,1210],{"class":80},[36,71140,1213],{"class":50},[36,71142,220],{"class":87},[36,71144,3488],{"class":91},[36,71146,211],{"class":87},[36,71148,24650],{"class":80},[36,71150,71151],{"class":42}," cannot be interpreted ",[36,71153,71154],{"class":3917},"as",[36,71156,71157],{"class":42}," an integer\n",[14,71159,39298],{},[246,71161,71162,71171],{},[249,71163,71164,71165,2238,71167,2242,71169],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[33,71166,2166],{},[33,71168,55],{},[33,71170,65890],{},[249,71172,71173],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[26,71175,71177],{"className":28,"code":71176,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,71178,71179,71199,71217,71221,71239],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,71180,71181,71183,71185,71187,71189,71191,71193,71195,71197],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,71182,43],{"class":42},[36,71184,47],{"class":46},[36,71186,1333],{"class":50},[36,71188,631],{"class":54},[36,71190,58],{"class":50},[36,71192,636],{"class":54},[36,71194,58],{"class":50},[36,71196,645],{"class":54},[36,71198,1355],{"class":50},[36,71200,71201,71203,71205,71207,71209,71211,71213,71215],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,71202,71001],{"class":42},[36,71204,47],{"class":46},[36,71206,45314],{"class":80},[36,71208,145],{"class":50},[36,71210,88],{"class":87},[36,71212,55],{"class":91},[36,71214,88],{"class":87},[36,71216,152],{"class":50},[36,71218,71219],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,71220,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,71222,71223,71225,71227,71229,71231,71233,71235,71237],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,71224,142],{"class":141},[36,71226,145],{"class":50},[36,71228,149],{"class":148},[36,71230,303],{"class":50},[36,71232,26275],{"class":148},[36,71234,145],{"class":50},[36,71236,35882],{"class":148},[36,71238,445],{"class":50},[36,71240,71241,71243,71245,71247],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,71242,142],{"class":141},[36,71244,145],{"class":50},[36,71246,149],{"class":148},[36,71248,152],{"class":50},[14,71250,182],{},[26,71252,71254],{"className":28,"code":71253,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[33,71255,71256,71261],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,71257,71258],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,71259,71260],{"class":54},"20\n",[36,71262,71263,71265,71267,71269,71271],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,71264,3941],{"class":50},[36,71266,631],{"class":54},[36,71268,58],{"class":50},[36,71270,645],{"class":54},[36,71272,1355],{"class":50},[21,71274,71276],{"id":71275},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[14,71278,71279],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[376,71281,495,71283,10631],{"id":71282},"use-pop-when",[33,71284,12794],{},[246,71286,71287,71290,71293],{},[249,71288,71289],{},"you want to remove by index",[249,71291,71292],{},"you want the removed item returned",[249,71294,71295],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[376,71297,495,71299,10631],{"id":71298},"use-remove-when",[33,71300,55568],{},[246,71302,71303,71306],{},[249,71304,71305],{},"you want to remove by value",[249,71307,71308],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[14,71310,71311],{},"Compare these examples:",[26,71313,71315],{"className":28,"code":71314,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,71316,71317,71341,71345,71363,71373],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,71318,71319,71321,71323,71325,71327,71329,71331,71333,71335,71337,71339],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,71320,43],{"class":42},[36,71322,47],{"class":46},[36,71324,1333],{"class":50},[36,71326,631],{"class":54},[36,71328,58],{"class":50},[36,71330,636],{"class":54},[36,71332,58],{"class":50},[36,71334,645],{"class":54},[36,71336,58],{"class":50},[36,71338,636],{"class":54},[36,71340,1355],{"class":50},[36,71342,71343],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,71344,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,71346,71347,71349,71351,71353,71355,71357,71359,71361],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,71348,69970],{"class":42},[36,71350,47],{"class":46},[36,71352,4301],{"class":42},[36,71354,303],{"class":50},[36,71356,26275],{"class":148},[36,71358,145],{"class":50},[36,71360,55],{"class":54},[36,71362,152],{"class":50},[36,71364,71365,71367,71369,71371],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,71366,142],{"class":141},[36,71368,145],{"class":50},[36,71370,69993],{"class":148},[36,71372,152],{"class":50},[36,71374,71375,71377,71379,71381],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,71376,142],{"class":141},[36,71378,145],{"class":50},[36,71380,149],{"class":148},[36,71382,152],{"class":50},[14,71384,182],{},[26,71386,71388],{"className":28,"code":71387,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[33,71389,71390,71394],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,71391,71392],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,71393,71260],{"class":54},[36,71395,71396,71398,71400,71402,71404,71406,71408],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,71397,3941],{"class":50},[36,71399,631],{"class":54},[36,71401,58],{"class":50},[36,71403,645],{"class":54},[36,71405,58],{"class":50},[36,71407,636],{"class":54},[36,71409,1355],{"class":50},[26,71411,71413],{"className":28,"code":71412,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,71414,71415,71439,71443,71457],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,71416,71417,71419,71421,71423,71425,71427,71429,71431,71433,71435,71437],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,71418,43],{"class":42},[36,71420,47],{"class":46},[36,71422,1333],{"class":50},[36,71424,631],{"class":54},[36,71426,58],{"class":50},[36,71428,636],{"class":54},[36,71430,58],{"class":50},[36,71432,645],{"class":54},[36,71434,58],{"class":50},[36,71436,636],{"class":54},[36,71438,1355],{"class":50},[36,71440,71441],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,71442,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,71444,71445,71447,71449,71451,71453,71455],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,71446,149],{"class":42},[36,71448,303],{"class":50},[36,71450,34829],{"class":148},[36,71452,145],{"class":50},[36,71454,15783],{"class":54},[36,71456,152],{"class":50},[36,71458,71459,71461,71463,71465],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,71460,142],{"class":141},[36,71462,145],{"class":50},[36,71464,149],{"class":148},[36,71466,152],{"class":50},[14,71468,182],{},[26,71470,71472],{"className":28,"code":71471,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[33,71473,71474],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,71475,71476,71478,71480,71482,71484,71486,71488],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,71477,3941],{"class":50},[36,71479,631],{"class":54},[36,71481,58],{"class":50},[36,71483,645],{"class":54},[36,71485,58],{"class":50},[36,71487,636],{"class":54},[36,71489,1355],{"class":50},[14,71491,71492,71493,71496,71497,303],{},"In the first example, ",[33,71494,71495],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[33,71498,55],{},[14,71500,56642,71501,71504,71505,303],{},[33,71502,71503],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[33,71506,15783],{},[14,71508,71509,71510,303],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[294,71511,55107],{"href":55106},[21,71513,1455],{"id":1454},[14,71515,71516,71517,1213],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[33,71518,12794],{},[246,71520,71521,71524,71527,71533,71537],{},[249,71522,71523],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[249,71525,71526],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[249,71528,37239,71529,8741,71531],{},[33,71530,12794],{},[33,71532,55568],{},[249,71534,8489,71535,62007],{},[33,71536,12794],{},[249,71538,71539],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[14,71541,71542],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[26,71544,71546],{"className":28,"code":71545,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[33,71547,71548,71558,71572,71586,71604],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,71549,71550,71552,71554,71556],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,71551,142],{"class":141},[36,71553,145],{"class":50},[36,71555,8375],{"class":148},[36,71557,152],{"class":50},[36,71559,71560,71562,71564,71566,71568,71570],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,71561,142],{"class":141},[36,71563,145],{"class":50},[36,71565,438],{"class":141},[36,71567,145],{"class":50},[36,71569,8375],{"class":148},[36,71571,445],{"class":50},[36,71573,71574,71576,71578,71580,71582,71584],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,71575,142],{"class":141},[36,71577,145],{"class":50},[36,71579,8375],{"class":148},[36,71581,303],{"class":50},[36,71583,26275],{"class":148},[36,71585,1847],{"class":50},[36,71587,71588,71590,71592,71594,71596,71598,71600,71602],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,71589,142],{"class":141},[36,71591,145],{"class":50},[36,71593,8375],{"class":148},[36,71595,303],{"class":50},[36,71597,26275],{"class":148},[36,71599,145],{"class":50},[36,71601,2166],{"class":54},[36,71603,445],{"class":50},[36,71605,71606,71608,71610,71612,71614,71616],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,71607,142],{"class":141},[36,71609,145],{"class":50},[36,71611,818],{"class":80},[36,71613,145],{"class":50},[36,71615,35882],{"class":148},[36,71617,445],{"class":50},[14,71619,71620],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[246,71622,71623,71629],{},[249,71624,71625,71628],{},[33,71626,71627],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[249,71630,71631,71634],{},[33,71632,71633],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[14,71636,71637,71638,71641],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[33,71639,71640],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[21,71643,1872],{"id":1871},[376,71645,71647],{"id":71646},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[14,71649,71650,71651,71653],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[33,71652,12794],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[376,71655,71657],{"id":71656},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[14,71659,71660,71662,71663,71665,71666,303],{},[33,71661,12794],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[33,71664,55568],{}," removes by value and returns ",[33,71667,3822],{},[376,71669,71671],{"id":71670},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[14,71673,71674,71675,71678],{},"Yes. For example, ",[33,71676,71677],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[376,71680,71682],{"id":71681},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[14,71684,71685,71686,71688],{},"Python raises ",[33,71687,70767],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[21,71690,1923],{"id":1922},[246,71692,71693,71697,71702,71707,71712],{},[249,71694,71695],{},[294,71696,55554],{"href":55106},[249,71698,71699],{},[294,71700,71701],{"href":55111},"Python list remove() method",[249,71703,71704],{},[294,71705,71706],{"href":59003},"Python list index() method",[249,71708,71709],{},[294,71710,71711],{"href":51018},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[249,71713,71714],{},[294,71715,69295],{"href":69294},[1962,71717,71718],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":71720},[71721,71722,71723,71724,71725,71726,71727,71732,71738,71739,71745],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":69896,"depth":72,"text":69897},{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":70206,"depth":72,"text":70207},{"id":70335,"depth":72,"text":70336},{"id":70606,"depth":72,"text":70607},{"id":70753,"depth":72,"text":70754,"children":71728},[71729,71730,71731],{"id":70757,"depth":118,"text":70758},{"id":70895,"depth":118,"text":70896},{"id":71078,"depth":118,"text":71079},{"id":71275,"depth":72,"text":71276,"children":71733},[71734,71736],{"id":71282,"depth":118,"text":71735},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71298,"depth":118,"text":71737},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":71740},[71741,71742,71743,71744],{"id":71646,"depth":118,"text":71647},{"id":71656,"depth":118,"text":71657},{"id":71670,"depth":118,"text":71671},{"id":71681,"depth":118,"text":71682},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69763,"description":71746},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71753,"title":71754,"body":71755,"description":73539,"extension":2009,"meta":73540,"navigation":134,"path":73541,"seo":73542,"stem":73543,"__hash__":73544},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71756,"toc":73521},[71757,71760,71765,71771,71773,71843,71849,71853,71858,71879,71882,71949,71951,71972,71980,71982,72001,72017,72019,72084,72086,72111,72113,72115,72180,72182,72207,72209,72223,72226,72279,72281,72302,72304,72312,72385,72387,72420,72426,72432,72523,72525,72550,72556,72645,72647,72671,72673,72677,72732,72734,72766,72769,72772,72866,72868,72901,72907,72913,72917,72924,72950,72954,73019,73021,73046,73050,73131,73133,73162,73167,73172,73178,73182,73189,73211,73215,73274,73276,73300,73309,73314,73316,73320,73349,73351,73426,73429,73443,73449,73451,73455,73458,73462,73467,73471,73480,73484,73492,73494,73518],[10,71758,71754],{"id":71759},"python-list-remove-method",[14,71761,2026,71762,71764],{},[33,71763,55114],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[14,71766,71767,71768,71770],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[180,71769,1495],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[21,71772,2051],{"id":2050},[26,71774,71776],{"className":28,"code":71775,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[33,71777,71778,71810,71828,71838],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,71779,71780,71782,71784,71786,71788,71790,71792,71794,71796,71798,71800,71802,71804,71806,71808],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,71781,1328],{"class":42},[36,71783,47],{"class":46},[36,71785,1333],{"class":50},[36,71787,88],{"class":87},[36,71789,92],{"class":91},[36,71791,88],{"class":87},[36,71793,58],{"class":50},[36,71795,99],{"class":87},[36,71797,102],{"class":91},[36,71799,88],{"class":87},[36,71801,58],{"class":50},[36,71803,99],{"class":87},[36,71805,1005],{"class":91},[36,71807,88],{"class":87},[36,71809,1355],{"class":50},[36,71811,71812,71814,71816,71818,71820,71822,71824,71826],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,71813,1369],{"class":42},[36,71815,303],{"class":50},[36,71817,34829],{"class":148},[36,71819,145],{"class":50},[36,71821,88],{"class":87},[36,71823,102],{"class":91},[36,71825,88],{"class":87},[36,71827,152],{"class":50},[36,71829,71830,71832,71834,71836],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,71831,142],{"class":141},[36,71833,145],{"class":50},[36,71835,1369],{"class":148},[36,71837,152],{"class":50},[36,71839,71840],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,71841,71842],{"class":1617},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[14,71844,495,71845,71848],{},[33,71846,71847],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[21,71850,71852],{"id":71851},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[14,71854,71855,71857],{},[33,71856,55568],{}," is a list method that:",[246,71859,71860,71866,71871,71876],{},[249,71861,71862,71863,71865],{},"Deletes the ",[180,71864,29943],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[249,71867,71868,71869],{},"Changes the original list ",[180,71870,11364],{},[249,71872,12735,71873,71875],{},[180,71874,870],{}," return a new list",[249,71877,71878],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[14,71880,71881],{},"This is important for beginners:",[26,71883,71885],{"className":28,"code":71884,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[33,71886,71887,71907,71925,71929,71939],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,71888,71889,71891,71893,71895,71897,71899,71901,71903,71905],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,71890,43],{"class":42},[36,71892,47],{"class":46},[36,71894,1333],{"class":50},[36,71896,55],{"class":54},[36,71898,58],{"class":50},[36,71900,61],{"class":54},[36,71902,58],{"class":50},[36,71904,66],{"class":54},[36,71906,1355],{"class":50},[36,71908,71909,71911,71913,71915,71917,71919,71921,71923],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,71910,2280],{"class":42},[36,71912,47],{"class":46},[36,71914,4301],{"class":42},[36,71916,303],{"class":50},[36,71918,34829],{"class":148},[36,71920,145],{"class":50},[36,71922,481],{"class":54},[36,71924,152],{"class":50},[36,71926,71927],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,71928,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,71930,71931,71933,71935,71937],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,71932,142],{"class":141},[36,71934,145],{"class":50},[36,71936,149],{"class":148},[36,71938,152],{"class":50},[36,71940,71941,71943,71945,71947],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,71942,142],{"class":141},[36,71944,145],{"class":50},[36,71946,2315],{"class":148},[36,71948,152],{"class":50},[14,71950,182],{},[26,71952,71954],{"className":28,"code":71953,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[33,71955,71956,71968],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,71957,71958,71960,71962,71964,71966],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,71959,3941],{"class":50},[36,71961,55],{"class":54},[36,71963,58],{"class":50},[36,71965,66],{"class":54},[36,71967,1355],{"class":50},[36,71969,71970],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,71971,11838],{"class":1143},[14,71973,71974,71975,71977,71978,303],{},"The list changed, but ",[33,71976,55568],{}," itself returned ",[33,71979,3822],{},[21,71981,5472],{"id":5471},[26,71983,71985],{"className":28,"code":71984,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"list.remove(value)\n",[33,71986,71987],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,71988,71989,71991,71993,71995,71997,71999],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,71990,1225],{"class":80},[36,71992,303],{"class":50},[36,71994,34829],{"class":148},[36,71996,145],{"class":50},[36,71998,1495],{"class":148},[36,72000,152],{"class":50},[246,72002,72003,72008,72011],{},[249,72004,72005,72007],{},[33,72006,1495],{}," is the item you want to delete",[249,72009,72010],{},"Python searches from left to right",[249,72012,72013,72014,72016],{},"Only the ",[180,72015,29943],{}," matching value is removed",[14,72018,2257],{},[26,72020,72022],{"className":28,"code":72021,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[33,72023,72024,72056,72074],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,72025,72026,72028,72030,72032,72034,72036,72038,72040,72042,72044,72046,72048,72050,72052,72054],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,72027,697],{"class":42},[36,72029,47],{"class":46},[36,72031,1333],{"class":50},[36,72033,88],{"class":87},[36,72035,294],{"class":91},[36,72037,88],{"class":87},[36,72039,58],{"class":50},[36,72041,99],{"class":87},[36,72043,1707],{"class":91},[36,72045,88],{"class":87},[36,72047,58],{"class":50},[36,72049,99],{"class":87},[36,72051,9770],{"class":91},[36,72053,88],{"class":87},[36,72055,1355],{"class":50},[36,72057,72058,72060,72062,72064,72066,72068,72070,72072],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,72059,721],{"class":42},[36,72061,303],{"class":50},[36,72063,34829],{"class":148},[36,72065,145],{"class":50},[36,72067,88],{"class":87},[36,72069,1707],{"class":91},[36,72071,88],{"class":87},[36,72073,152],{"class":50},[36,72075,72076,72078,72080,72082],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,72077,142],{"class":141},[36,72079,145],{"class":50},[36,72081,721],{"class":148},[36,72083,152],{"class":50},[14,72085,182],{},[26,72087,72089],{"className":28,"code":72088,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['a', 'c']\n",[33,72090,72091],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,72092,72093,72095,72097,72099,72101,72103,72105,72107,72109],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,72094,3941],{"class":50},[36,72096,211],{"class":87},[36,72098,294],{"class":91},[36,72100,211],{"class":87},[36,72102,58],{"class":50},[36,72104,220],{"class":87},[36,72106,9770],{"class":91},[36,72108,211],{"class":87},[36,72110,1355],{"class":50},[21,72112,5826],{"id":5825},[14,72114,65210],{},[26,72116,72118],{"className":28,"code":72117,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[33,72119,72120,72152,72170],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,72121,72122,72124,72126,72128,72130,72132,72134,72136,72138,72140,72142,72144,72146,72148,72150],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,72123,13108],{"class":42},[36,72125,47],{"class":46},[36,72127,1333],{"class":50},[36,72129,88],{"class":87},[36,72131,13125],{"class":91},[36,72133,88],{"class":87},[36,72135,58],{"class":50},[36,72137,99],{"class":87},[36,72139,13142],{"class":91},[36,72141,88],{"class":87},[36,72143,58],{"class":50},[36,72145,99],{"class":87},[36,72147,17486],{"class":91},[36,72149,88],{"class":87},[36,72151,1355],{"class":50},[36,72153,72154,72156,72158,72160,72162,72164,72166,72168],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,72155,17533],{"class":42},[36,72157,303],{"class":50},[36,72159,34829],{"class":148},[36,72161,145],{"class":50},[36,72163,88],{"class":87},[36,72165,13142],{"class":91},[36,72167,88],{"class":87},[36,72169,152],{"class":50},[36,72171,72172,72174,72176,72178],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,72173,142],{"class":141},[36,72175,145],{"class":50},[36,72177,17533],{"class":148},[36,72179,152],{"class":50},[14,72181,182],{},[26,72183,72185],{"className":28,"code":72184,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['red', 'green']\n",[33,72186,72187],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,72188,72189,72191,72193,72195,72197,72199,72201,72203,72205],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,72190,3941],{"class":50},[36,72192,211],{"class":87},[36,72194,13125],{"class":91},[36,72196,211],{"class":87},[36,72198,58],{"class":50},[36,72200,220],{"class":87},[36,72202,17486],{"class":91},[36,72204,211],{"class":87},[36,72206,1355],{"class":50},[14,72208,11714],{},[246,72210,72211,72214,72220],{},[249,72212,72213],{},"A list is created with three values",[249,72215,72216,72219],{},[33,72217,72218],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[249,72221,72222],{},"The list is printed after the change",[14,72224,72225],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[26,72227,72229],{"className":28,"code":72228,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[33,72230,72231,72255,72269],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,72232,72233,72235,72237,72239,72241,72243,72245,72247,72249,72251,72253],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,72234,5103],{"class":42},[36,72236,47],{"class":46},[36,72238,1333],{"class":50},[36,72240,631],{"class":54},[36,72242,58],{"class":50},[36,72244,636],{"class":54},[36,72246,58],{"class":50},[36,72248,645],{"class":54},[36,72250,58],{"class":50},[36,72252,50882],{"class":54},[36,72254,1355],{"class":50},[36,72256,72257,72259,72261,72263,72265,72267],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,72258,16418],{"class":42},[36,72260,303],{"class":50},[36,72262,34829],{"class":148},[36,72264,145],{"class":50},[36,72266,36876],{"class":54},[36,72268,152],{"class":50},[36,72270,72271,72273,72275,72277],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,72272,142],{"class":141},[36,72274,145],{"class":50},[36,72276,16418],{"class":148},[36,72278,152],{"class":50},[14,72280,182],{},[26,72282,72284],{"className":28,"code":72283,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[33,72285,72286],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,72287,72288,72290,72292,72294,72296,72298,72300],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,72289,3941],{"class":50},[36,72291,631],{"class":54},[36,72293,58],{"class":50},[36,72295,636],{"class":54},[36,72297,58],{"class":50},[36,72299,50882],{"class":54},[36,72301,1355],{"class":50},[21,72303,949],{"id":948},[14,72305,65200,72306,72308,72309,72311],{},[33,72307,55568],{}," deletes only the ",[180,72310,29943],{}," one.",[26,72313,72315],{"className":28,"code":72314,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[33,72316,72317,72357,72375],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,72318,72319,72321,72323,72325,72327,72329,72331,72333,72335,72337,72339,72341,72343,72345,72347,72349,72351,72353,72355],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,72320,1328],{"class":42},[36,72322,47],{"class":46},[36,72324,1333],{"class":50},[36,72326,88],{"class":87},[36,72328,92],{"class":91},[36,72330,88],{"class":87},[36,72332,58],{"class":50},[36,72334,99],{"class":87},[36,72336,102],{"class":91},[36,72338,88],{"class":87},[36,72340,58],{"class":50},[36,72342,99],{"class":87},[36,72344,92],{"class":91},[36,72346,88],{"class":87},[36,72348,58],{"class":50},[36,72350,99],{"class":87},[36,72352,1005],{"class":91},[36,72354,88],{"class":87},[36,72356,1355],{"class":50},[36,72358,72359,72361,72363,72365,72367,72369,72371,72373],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,72360,1369],{"class":42},[36,72362,303],{"class":50},[36,72364,34829],{"class":148},[36,72366,145],{"class":50},[36,72368,88],{"class":87},[36,72370,92],{"class":91},[36,72372,88],{"class":87},[36,72374,152],{"class":50},[36,72376,72377,72379,72381,72383],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,72378,142],{"class":141},[36,72380,145],{"class":50},[36,72382,1369],{"class":148},[36,72384,152],{"class":50},[14,72386,182],{},[26,72388,72390],{"className":28,"code":72389,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[33,72391,72392],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,72393,72394,72396,72398,72400,72402,72404,72406,72408,72410,72412,72414,72416,72418],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,72395,3941],{"class":50},[36,72397,211],{"class":87},[36,72399,102],{"class":91},[36,72401,211],{"class":87},[36,72403,58],{"class":50},[36,72405,220],{"class":87},[36,72407,92],{"class":91},[36,72409,211],{"class":87},[36,72411,58],{"class":50},[36,72413,220],{"class":87},[36,72415,1005],{"class":91},[36,72417,211],{"class":87},[36,72419,1355],{"class":50},[14,72421,72422,72423,72425],{},"Only the first ",[33,72424,57871],{}," was removed.",[14,72427,72428,72429,72431],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[33,72430,55568],{}," again:",[26,72433,72435],{"className":28,"code":72434,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[33,72436,72437,72477,72495,72513],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,72438,72439,72441,72443,72445,72447,72449,72451,72453,72455,72457,72459,72461,72463,72465,72467,72469,72471,72473,72475],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,72440,1328],{"class":42},[36,72442,47],{"class":46},[36,72444,1333],{"class":50},[36,72446,88],{"class":87},[36,72448,92],{"class":91},[36,72450,88],{"class":87},[36,72452,58],{"class":50},[36,72454,99],{"class":87},[36,72456,102],{"class":91},[36,72458,88],{"class":87},[36,72460,58],{"class":50},[36,72462,99],{"class":87},[36,72464,92],{"class":91},[36,72466,88],{"class":87},[36,72468,58],{"class":50},[36,72470,99],{"class":87},[36,72472,1005],{"class":91},[36,72474,88],{"class":87},[36,72476,1355],{"class":50},[36,72478,72479,72481,72483,72485,72487,72489,72491,72493],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,72480,1369],{"class":42},[36,72482,303],{"class":50},[36,72484,34829],{"class":148},[36,72486,145],{"class":50},[36,72488,88],{"class":87},[36,72490,92],{"class":91},[36,72492,88],{"class":87},[36,72494,152],{"class":50},[36,72496,72497,72499,72501,72503,72505,72507,72509,72511],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,72498,1369],{"class":42},[36,72500,303],{"class":50},[36,72502,34829],{"class":148},[36,72504,145],{"class":50},[36,72506,88],{"class":87},[36,72508,92],{"class":91},[36,72510,88],{"class":87},[36,72512,152],{"class":50},[36,72514,72515,72517,72519,72521],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,72516,142],{"class":141},[36,72518,145],{"class":50},[36,72520,1369],{"class":148},[36,72522,152],{"class":50},[14,72524,182],{},[26,72526,72528],{"className":28,"code":72527,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[33,72529,72530],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,72531,72532,72534,72536,72538,72540,72542,72544,72546,72548],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,72533,3941],{"class":50},[36,72535,211],{"class":87},[36,72537,102],{"class":91},[36,72539,211],{"class":87},[36,72541,58],{"class":50},[36,72543,220],{"class":87},[36,72545,1005],{"class":91},[36,72547,211],{"class":87},[36,72549,1355],{"class":50},[14,72551,72552,72553,72555],{},"If you need to remove ",[180,72554,3759],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[26,72557,72559],{"className":28,"code":72558,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[33,72560,72561,72601,72635],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,72562,72563,72565,72567,72569,72571,72573,72575,72577,72579,72581,72583,72585,72587,72589,72591,72593,72595,72597,72599],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,72564,1328],{"class":42},[36,72566,47],{"class":46},[36,72568,1333],{"class":50},[36,72570,88],{"class":87},[36,72572,92],{"class":91},[36,72574,88],{"class":87},[36,72576,58],{"class":50},[36,72578,99],{"class":87},[36,72580,102],{"class":91},[36,72582,88],{"class":87},[36,72584,58],{"class":50},[36,72586,99],{"class":87},[36,72588,92],{"class":91},[36,72590,88],{"class":87},[36,72592,58],{"class":50},[36,72594,99],{"class":87},[36,72596,1005],{"class":91},[36,72598,88],{"class":87},[36,72600,1355],{"class":50},[36,72602,72603,72605,72607,72609,72611,72613,72615,72617,72620,72622,72624,72627,72629,72631,72633],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,72604,1328],{"class":42},[36,72606,47],{"class":46},[36,72608,1333],{"class":50},[36,72610,28573],{"class":42},[36,72612,5997],{"class":3917},[36,72614,6000],{"class":42},[36,72616,3924],{"class":3917},[36,72618,72619],{"class":42}," items ",[36,72621,7037],{"class":3917},[36,72623,6000],{"class":42},[36,72625,72626],{"class":46},"!=",[36,72628,99],{"class":87},[36,72630,92],{"class":91},[36,72632,88],{"class":87},[36,72634,1355],{"class":50},[36,72636,72637,72639,72641,72643],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,72638,142],{"class":141},[36,72640,145],{"class":50},[36,72642,1369],{"class":148},[36,72644,152],{"class":50},[14,72646,182],{},[26,72648,72649],{"className":28,"code":72527,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,72650,72651],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,72652,72653,72655,72657,72659,72661,72663,72665,72667,72669],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,72654,3941],{"class":50},[36,72656,211],{"class":87},[36,72658,102],{"class":91},[36,72660,211],{"class":87},[36,72662,58],{"class":50},[36,72664,220],{"class":87},[36,72666,1005],{"class":91},[36,72668,211],{"class":87},[36,72670,1355],{"class":50},[21,72672,65666],{"id":65665},[14,72674,65669,72675,303],{},[33,72676,40740],{},[26,72678,72680],{"className":28,"code":72679,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[33,72681,72682,72714],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,72683,72684,72686,72688,72690,72692,72694,72696,72698,72700,72702,72704,72706,72708,72710,72712],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,72685,1328],{"class":42},[36,72687,47],{"class":46},[36,72689,1333],{"class":50},[36,72691,88],{"class":87},[36,72693,92],{"class":91},[36,72695,88],{"class":87},[36,72697,58],{"class":50},[36,72699,99],{"class":87},[36,72701,102],{"class":91},[36,72703,88],{"class":87},[36,72705,58],{"class":50},[36,72707,99],{"class":87},[36,72709,1005],{"class":91},[36,72711,88],{"class":87},[36,72713,1355],{"class":50},[36,72715,72716,72718,72720,72722,72724,72726,72728,72730],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,72717,1369],{"class":42},[36,72719,303],{"class":50},[36,72721,34829],{"class":148},[36,72723,145],{"class":50},[36,72725,88],{"class":87},[36,72727,22565],{"class":91},[36,72729,88],{"class":87},[36,72731,152],{"class":50},[14,72733,182],{},[26,72735,72737],{"className":28,"code":72736,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[33,72738,72739],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,72740,72741,72743,72745,72747,72749,72751,72753,72755,72757,72759,72761,72763],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,72742,40740],{"class":80},[36,72744,1213],{"class":50},[36,72746,22592],{"class":80},[36,72748,303],{"class":50},[36,72750,34829],{"class":148},[36,72752,145],{"class":50},[36,72754,2222],{"class":148},[36,72756,16481],{"class":50},[36,72758,3921],{"class":42},[36,72760,870],{"class":46},[36,72762,21205],{"class":46},[36,72764,72765],{"class":80}," list\n",[14,72767,72768],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[14,72770,72771],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[26,72773,72775],{"className":28,"code":72774,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[33,72776,72777,72809,72821,72825,72837,72852,72856],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,72778,72779,72781,72783,72785,72787,72789,72791,72793,72795,72797,72799,72801,72803,72805,72807],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,72780,1328],{"class":42},[36,72782,47],{"class":46},[36,72784,1333],{"class":50},[36,72786,88],{"class":87},[36,72788,92],{"class":91},[36,72790,88],{"class":87},[36,72792,58],{"class":50},[36,72794,99],{"class":87},[36,72796,102],{"class":91},[36,72798,88],{"class":87},[36,72800,58],{"class":50},[36,72802,99],{"class":87},[36,72804,1005],{"class":91},[36,72806,88],{"class":87},[36,72808,1355],{"class":50},[36,72810,72811,72813,72815,72817,72819],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,72812,1478],{"class":42},[36,72814,47],{"class":46},[36,72816,99],{"class":87},[36,72818,22565],{"class":91},[36,72820,3403],{"class":87},[36,72822,72823],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,72824,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,72826,72827,72829,72831,72833,72835],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,72828,7037],{"class":3917},[36,72830,21616],{"class":42},[36,72832,3924],{"class":46},[36,72834,6005],{"class":42},[36,72836,6433],{"class":50},[36,72838,72839,72842,72844,72846,72848,72850],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,72840,72841],{"class":42},"    items",[36,72843,303],{"class":50},[36,72845,34829],{"class":148},[36,72847,145],{"class":50},[36,72849,1495],{"class":148},[36,72851,152],{"class":50},[36,72853,72854],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,72855,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,72857,72858,72860,72862,72864],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,72859,142],{"class":141},[36,72861,145],{"class":50},[36,72863,1369],{"class":148},[36,72865,152],{"class":50},[14,72867,182],{},[26,72869,72871],{"className":28,"code":72870,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[33,72872,72873],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,72874,72875,72877,72879,72881,72883,72885,72887,72889,72891,72893,72895,72897,72899],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,72876,3941],{"class":50},[36,72878,211],{"class":87},[36,72880,92],{"class":91},[36,72882,211],{"class":87},[36,72884,58],{"class":50},[36,72886,220],{"class":87},[36,72888,102],{"class":91},[36,72890,211],{"class":87},[36,72892,58],{"class":50},[36,72894,220],{"class":87},[36,72896,1005],{"class":91},[36,72898,211],{"class":87},[36,72900,1355],{"class":50},[14,72902,72903,72904,72906],{},"This avoids the error because ",[33,72905,55568],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[14,72908,72909,72910,303],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[294,72911,65875],{"href":72912},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[21,72914,72916],{"id":72915},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[14,72918,72919,482,72921,72923],{},[33,72920,55568],{},[33,72922,12794],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[246,72925,72926,72933,72939,72945],{},[249,72927,72928,72930,72931],{},[33,72929,55568],{}," deletes by ",[180,72932,1495],{},[249,72934,72935,72930,72937],{},[33,72936,12794],{},[180,72938,35882],{},[249,72940,72941,2448,72943],{},[33,72942,55568],{},[33,72944,3822],{},[249,72946,72947,72949],{},[33,72948,12794],{}," returns the removed item",[14,72951,46078,72952,1213],{},[33,72953,55568],{},[26,72955,72957],{"className":28,"code":72956,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[33,72958,72959,72991,73009],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,72960,72961,72963,72965,72967,72969,72971,72973,72975,72977,72979,72981,72983,72985,72987,72989],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,72962,1328],{"class":42},[36,72964,47],{"class":46},[36,72966,1333],{"class":50},[36,72968,88],{"class":87},[36,72970,92],{"class":91},[36,72972,88],{"class":87},[36,72974,58],{"class":50},[36,72976,99],{"class":87},[36,72978,102],{"class":91},[36,72980,88],{"class":87},[36,72982,58],{"class":50},[36,72984,99],{"class":87},[36,72986,1005],{"class":91},[36,72988,88],{"class":87},[36,72990,1355],{"class":50},[36,72992,72993,72995,72997,72999,73001,73003,73005,73007],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,72994,1369],{"class":42},[36,72996,303],{"class":50},[36,72998,34829],{"class":148},[36,73000,145],{"class":50},[36,73002,88],{"class":87},[36,73004,102],{"class":91},[36,73006,88],{"class":87},[36,73008,152],{"class":50},[36,73010,73011,73013,73015,73017],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,73012,142],{"class":141},[36,73014,145],{"class":50},[36,73016,1369],{"class":148},[36,73018,152],{"class":50},[14,73020,182],{},[26,73022,73024],{"className":28,"code":73023,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[33,73025,73026],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,73027,73028,73030,73032,73034,73036,73038,73040,73042,73044],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,73029,3941],{"class":50},[36,73031,211],{"class":87},[36,73033,92],{"class":91},[36,73035,211],{"class":87},[36,73037,58],{"class":50},[36,73039,220],{"class":87},[36,73041,1005],{"class":91},[36,73043,211],{"class":87},[36,73045,1355],{"class":50},[14,73047,46078,73048,1213],{},[33,73049,12794],{},[26,73051,73053],{"className":28,"code":73052,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[33,73054,73055,73087,73106,73110,73120],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,73056,73057,73059,73061,73063,73065,73067,73069,73071,73073,73075,73077,73079,73081,73083,73085],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,73058,1328],{"class":42},[36,73060,47],{"class":46},[36,73062,1333],{"class":50},[36,73064,88],{"class":87},[36,73066,92],{"class":91},[36,73068,88],{"class":87},[36,73070,58],{"class":50},[36,73072,99],{"class":87},[36,73074,102],{"class":91},[36,73076,88],{"class":87},[36,73078,58],{"class":50},[36,73080,99],{"class":87},[36,73082,1005],{"class":91},[36,73084,88],{"class":87},[36,73086,1355],{"class":50},[36,73088,73089,73092,73094,73096,73098,73100,73102,73104],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,73090,73091],{"class":42},"removed_item ",[36,73093,47],{"class":46},[36,73095,6005],{"class":42},[36,73097,303],{"class":50},[36,73099,26275],{"class":148},[36,73101,145],{"class":50},[36,73103,55],{"class":54},[36,73105,152],{"class":50},[36,73107,73108],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,73109,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,73111,73112,73114,73116,73118],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,73113,142],{"class":141},[36,73115,145],{"class":50},[36,73117,1369],{"class":148},[36,73119,152],{"class":50},[36,73121,73122,73124,73126,73129],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,73123,142],{"class":141},[36,73125,145],{"class":50},[36,73127,73128],{"class":148},"removed_item",[36,73130,152],{"class":50},[14,73132,182],{},[26,73134,73136],{"className":28,"code":73135,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[33,73137,73138,73158],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,73139,73140,73142,73144,73146,73148,73150,73152,73154,73156],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,73141,3941],{"class":50},[36,73143,211],{"class":87},[36,73145,92],{"class":91},[36,73147,211],{"class":87},[36,73149,58],{"class":50},[36,73151,220],{"class":87},[36,73153,1005],{"class":91},[36,73155,211],{"class":87},[36,73157,1355],{"class":50},[36,73159,73160],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,73161,70442],{"class":42},[14,73163,495,73164,73166],{},[33,73165,55568],{}," when you know the item value.",[14,73168,495,73169,73171],{},[33,73170,12794],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[14,73173,73174,73175,303],{},"For more detail, see the ",[294,73176,73177],{"href":55118},"Python list pop() method",[21,73179,73181],{"id":73180},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[14,73183,73184,482,73186,73188],{},[33,73185,55568],{},[33,73187,27059],{}," are also different.",[246,73190,73191,73196,73201,73206],{},[249,73192,73193,73195],{},[33,73194,55568],{}," deletes by matching value",[249,73197,73198,73200],{},[33,73199,27059],{}," deletes by index or slice",[249,73202,495,73203,73205],{},[33,73204,27059],{}," when you know the position",[249,73207,495,73208,73210],{},[33,73209,55568],{}," when you know the item value",[14,73212,46078,73213,1213],{},[33,73214,27059],{},[26,73216,73218],{"className":28,"code":73217,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[33,73219,73220,73252,73264],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,73221,73222,73224,73226,73228,73230,73232,73234,73236,73238,73240,73242,73244,73246,73248,73250],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,73223,1328],{"class":42},[36,73225,47],{"class":46},[36,73227,1333],{"class":50},[36,73229,88],{"class":87},[36,73231,92],{"class":91},[36,73233,88],{"class":87},[36,73235,58],{"class":50},[36,73237,99],{"class":87},[36,73239,102],{"class":91},[36,73241,88],{"class":87},[36,73243,58],{"class":50},[36,73245,99],{"class":87},[36,73247,1005],{"class":91},[36,73249,88],{"class":87},[36,73251,1355],{"class":50},[36,73253,73254,73256,73258,73260,73262],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,73255,27059],{"class":3917},[36,73257,6005],{"class":42},[36,73259,3941],{"class":50},[36,73261,55],{"class":54},[36,73263,1355],{"class":50},[36,73265,73266,73268,73270,73272],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,73267,142],{"class":141},[36,73269,145],{"class":50},[36,73271,1369],{"class":148},[36,73273,152],{"class":50},[14,73275,182],{},[26,73277,73278],{"className":28,"code":73023,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,73279,73280],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,73281,73282,73284,73286,73288,73290,73292,73294,73296,73298],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,73283,3941],{"class":50},[36,73285,211],{"class":87},[36,73287,92],{"class":91},[36,73289,211],{"class":87},[36,73291,58],{"class":50},[36,73293,220],{"class":87},[36,73295,1005],{"class":91},[36,73297,211],{"class":87},[36,73299,1355],{"class":50},[14,73301,73302,73303,73305,73306,73308],{},"This removed the item at index ",[33,73304,55],{},", not the value ",[33,73307,65310],{}," directly.",[14,73310,73311,73312,303],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[294,73313,55107],{"href":55106},[21,73315,1455],{"id":1454},[14,73317,21243,73318,1213],{},[33,73319,55568],{},[246,73321,73322,73325,73330,73337,73346],{},[249,73323,73324],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[249,73326,8489,73327,73329],{},[33,73328,55568],{}," to delete all matching values",[249,73331,12625,73332,73334,73335],{},[33,73333,55568],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[33,73336,3822],{},[249,73338,1462,73339,44667,73341,298,73343,73345],{},[33,73340,55568],{},[33,73342,12794],{},[33,73344,27059],{}," would be a better fit",[249,73347,73348],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[14,73350,71542],{},[26,73352,73354],{"className":28,"code":73353,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[33,73355,73356,73366,73380,73398,73412],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,73357,73358,73360,73362,73364],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,73359,142],{"class":141},[36,73361,145],{"class":50},[36,73363,8375],{"class":148},[36,73365,152],{"class":50},[36,73367,73368,73370,73372,73374,73376,73378],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,73369,142],{"class":141},[36,73371,145],{"class":50},[36,73373,1478],{"class":148},[36,73375,3924],{"class":3917},[36,73377,8432],{"class":148},[36,73379,152],{"class":50},[36,73381,73382,73384,73386,73388,73390,73392,73394,73396],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,73383,142],{"class":141},[36,73385,145],{"class":50},[36,73387,8375],{"class":148},[36,73389,303],{"class":50},[36,73391,41296],{"class":148},[36,73393,145],{"class":50},[36,73395,1495],{"class":148},[36,73397,445],{"class":50},[36,73399,73400,73402,73404,73406,73408,73410],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,73401,142],{"class":141},[36,73403,145],{"class":50},[36,73405,818],{"class":80},[36,73407,145],{"class":50},[36,73409,8375],{"class":148},[36,73411,445],{"class":50},[36,73413,73414,73416,73418,73420,73422,73424],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,73415,32186],{"class":141},[36,73417,145],{"class":50},[36,73419,1225],{"class":80},[36,73421,303],{"class":50},[36,73423,34829],{"class":24783},[36,73425,152],{"class":50},[14,73427,73428],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[246,73430,73431,73434,73437,73440],{},[249,73432,73433],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[249,73435,73436],{},"How many times does it appear?",[249,73438,73439],{},"Am I working with a list?",[249,73441,73442],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[14,73444,73445,73446,73448],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[294,73447,71706],{"href":59003}," may also help.",[21,73450,1872],{"id":1871},[376,73452,73454],{"id":73453},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[14,73456,73457],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[376,73459,73461],{"id":73460},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[14,73463,5188,73464,73466],{},[33,73465,3822],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[376,73468,73470],{"id":73469},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[14,73472,73473,73474,73477,73478,303],{},"Check with ",[33,73475,73476],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[33,73479,55568],{},[376,73481,73483],{"id":73482},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[14,73485,495,73486,73488,73489,73491],{},[33,73487,55568],{}," for a value and ",[33,73490,12794],{}," for an index.",[21,73493,1923],{"id":1922},[246,73495,73496,73500,73504,73508,73512],{},[249,73497,73498],{},[294,73499,55554],{"href":55106},[249,73501,73502],{},[294,73503,73177],{"href":55118},[249,73505,73506],{},[294,73507,71706],{"href":59003},[249,73509,73510],{},[294,73511,65875],{"href":72912},[249,73513,73514],{},[294,73515,73517],{"href":73516},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1962,73519,73520],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":73522},[73523,73524,73525,73526,73527,73528,73529,73530,73531,73532,73538],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":71851,"depth":72,"text":71852},{"id":5471,"depth":72,"text":5472},{"id":5825,"depth":72,"text":5826},{"id":948,"depth":72,"text":949},{"id":65665,"depth":72,"text":65666},{"id":72915,"depth":72,"text":72916},{"id":73180,"depth":72,"text":73181},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":73533},[73534,73535,73536,73537],{"id":73453,"depth":118,"text":73454},{"id":73460,"depth":118,"text":73461},{"id":73469,"depth":118,"text":73470},{"id":73482,"depth":118,"text":73483},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71754,"description":73539},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73546,"title":73547,"body":73548,"description":75439,"extension":2009,"meta":75440,"navigation":134,"path":75441,"seo":75442,"stem":75443,"__hash__":75444},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73549,"toc":75409},[73550,73556,73562,73565,73576,73578,73627,73632,73637,73641,73656,73658,73723,73725,73766,73768,73770,73785,73787,73798,73800,73857,73859,73892,73894,73897,73946,73948,73973,73975,73991,73997,74004,74065,74067,74100,74105,74108,74188,74190,74251,74257,74261,74264,74328,74330,74355,74357,74377,74379,74428,74430,74451,74460,74463,74467,74472,74517,74519,74540,74546,74551,74559,74623,74625,74662,74668,74672,74679,74744,74746,74783,74787,74804,74814,74819,74824,74835,74842,74844,74850,74873,74876,74903,74908,74911,75012,75014,75069,75072,75179,75181,75252,75255,75281,75283,75288,75292,75300,75305,75310,75316,75321,75325,75328,75345,75348,75368,75376,75378,75406],[10,73551,54381,73553,11352],{"id":73552},"python-list-reverse-method",[33,73554,73555],{},"reverse()",[14,73557,73558,73561],{},[33,73559,73560],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[14,73563,73564],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[14,73566,73567,73568,73570,73571,73575],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[33,73569,73555],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[294,73572,73574],{"href":73573},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[21,73577,24],{"id":23},[26,73579,73581],{"className":28,"code":73580,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[33,73582,73583,73603,73614],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,73584,73585,73587,73589,73591,73593,73595,73597,73599,73601],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,73586,43],{"class":42},[36,73588,47],{"class":46},[36,73590,1333],{"class":50},[36,73592,55],{"class":54},[36,73594,58],{"class":50},[36,73596,61],{"class":54},[36,73598,58],{"class":50},[36,73600,66],{"class":54},[36,73602,1355],{"class":50},[36,73604,73605,73607,73609,73612],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,73606,149],{"class":42},[36,73608,303],{"class":50},[36,73610,73611],{"class":148},"reverse",[36,73613,128],{"class":50},[36,73615,73616,73618,73620,73622,73624],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,73617,142],{"class":141},[36,73619,145],{"class":50},[36,73621,149],{"class":148},[36,73623,3703],{"class":50},[36,73625,73626],{"class":1617},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[14,73628,73629,73631],{},[33,73630,73555],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[21,73633,3720,73635,3723],{"id":73634},"what-listreverse-does",[33,73636,73560],{},[14,73638,73639,1213],{},[33,73640,73560],{},[246,73642,73643,73646,73649,73653],{},[249,73644,73645],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[249,73647,73648],{},"Changes the original list directly",[249,73650,11454,73651],{},[33,73652,3822],{},[249,73654,73655],{},"Works only on list objects",[14,73657,2257],{},[26,73659,73661],{"className":28,"code":73660,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[33,73662,73663,73703,73713],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,73664,73665,73667,73669,73671,73673,73675,73677,73679,73681,73683,73685,73687,73689,73691,73693,73695,73697,73699,73701],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,73666,697],{"class":42},[36,73668,47],{"class":46},[36,73670,1333],{"class":50},[36,73672,88],{"class":87},[36,73674,294],{"class":91},[36,73676,88],{"class":87},[36,73678,58],{"class":50},[36,73680,99],{"class":87},[36,73682,1707],{"class":91},[36,73684,88],{"class":87},[36,73686,58],{"class":50},[36,73688,99],{"class":87},[36,73690,9770],{"class":91},[36,73692,88],{"class":87},[36,73694,58],{"class":50},[36,73696,99],{"class":87},[36,73698,18799],{"class":91},[36,73700,88],{"class":87},[36,73702,1355],{"class":50},[36,73704,73705,73707,73709,73711],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,73706,721],{"class":42},[36,73708,303],{"class":50},[36,73710,73611],{"class":148},[36,73712,128],{"class":50},[36,73714,73715,73717,73719,73721],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,73716,142],{"class":141},[36,73718,145],{"class":50},[36,73720,721],{"class":148},[36,73722,152],{"class":50},[14,73724,182],{},[26,73726,73728],{"className":28,"code":73727,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[33,73729,73730],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,73731,73732,73734,73736,73738,73740,73742,73744,73746,73748,73750,73752,73754,73756,73758,73760,73762,73764],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,73733,3941],{"class":50},[36,73735,211],{"class":87},[36,73737,18799],{"class":91},[36,73739,211],{"class":87},[36,73741,58],{"class":50},[36,73743,220],{"class":87},[36,73745,9770],{"class":91},[36,73747,211],{"class":87},[36,73749,58],{"class":50},[36,73751,220],{"class":87},[36,73753,1707],{"class":91},[36,73755,211],{"class":87},[36,73757,58],{"class":50},[36,73759,220],{"class":87},[36,73761,294],{"class":91},[36,73763,211],{"class":87},[36,73765,1355],{"class":50},[21,73767,2205],{"id":2204},[14,73769,2208],{},[26,73771,73773],{"className":28,"code":73772,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_list.reverse()\n",[33,73774,73775],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,73776,73777,73779,73781,73783],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,73778,8375],{"class":42},[36,73780,303],{"class":50},[36,73782,73611],{"class":148},[36,73784,128],{"class":50},[14,73786,13084],{},[246,73788,73789,73792,73795],{},[249,73790,73791],{},"No arguments are needed",[249,73793,73794],{},"You call it on an existing list",[249,73796,73797],{},"It only works on lists",[14,73799,2257],{},[26,73801,73803],{"className":28,"code":73802,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[33,73804,73805,73837,73847],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,73806,73807,73809,73811,73813,73815,73817,73819,73821,73823,73825,73827,73829,73831,73833,73835],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,73808,13108],{"class":42},[36,73810,47],{"class":46},[36,73812,1333],{"class":50},[36,73814,88],{"class":87},[36,73816,13125],{"class":91},[36,73818,88],{"class":87},[36,73820,58],{"class":50},[36,73822,99],{"class":87},[36,73824,17486],{"class":91},[36,73826,88],{"class":87},[36,73828,58],{"class":50},[36,73830,99],{"class":87},[36,73832,13142],{"class":91},[36,73834,88],{"class":87},[36,73836,1355],{"class":50},[36,73838,73839,73841,73843,73845],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,73840,17533],{"class":42},[36,73842,303],{"class":50},[36,73844,73611],{"class":148},[36,73846,128],{"class":50},[36,73848,73849,73851,73853,73855],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,73850,142],{"class":141},[36,73852,145],{"class":50},[36,73854,17533],{"class":148},[36,73856,152],{"class":50},[14,73858,182],{},[26,73860,73862],{"className":28,"code":73861,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[33,73863,73864],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,73865,73866,73868,73870,73872,73874,73876,73878,73880,73882,73884,73886,73888,73890],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,73867,3941],{"class":50},[36,73869,211],{"class":87},[36,73871,13142],{"class":91},[36,73873,211],{"class":87},[36,73875,58],{"class":50},[36,73877,220],{"class":87},[36,73879,17486],{"class":91},[36,73881,211],{"class":87},[36,73883,58],{"class":50},[36,73885,220],{"class":87},[36,73887,13125],{"class":91},[36,73889,211],{"class":87},[36,73891,1355],{"class":50},[21,73893,11505],{"id":11504},[14,73895,73896],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[26,73898,73900],{"className":28,"code":73899,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,73901,73902,73926,73936],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,73903,73904,73906,73908,73910,73912,73914,73916,73918,73920,73922,73924],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,73905,43],{"class":42},[36,73907,47],{"class":46},[36,73909,1333],{"class":50},[36,73911,631],{"class":54},[36,73913,58],{"class":50},[36,73915,636],{"class":54},[36,73917,58],{"class":50},[36,73919,645],{"class":54},[36,73921,58],{"class":50},[36,73923,50882],{"class":54},[36,73925,1355],{"class":50},[36,73927,73928,73930,73932,73934],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,73929,149],{"class":42},[36,73931,303],{"class":50},[36,73933,73611],{"class":148},[36,73935,128],{"class":50},[36,73937,73938,73940,73942,73944],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,73939,142],{"class":141},[36,73941,145],{"class":50},[36,73943,149],{"class":148},[36,73945,152],{"class":50},[14,73947,182],{},[26,73949,73951],{"className":28,"code":73950,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[33,73952,73953],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,73954,73955,73957,73959,73961,73963,73965,73967,73969,73971],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,73956,3941],{"class":50},[36,73958,56730],{"class":54},[36,73960,58],{"class":50},[36,73962,645],{"class":54},[36,73964,58],{"class":50},[36,73966,636],{"class":54},[36,73968,58],{"class":50},[36,73970,6044],{"class":54},[36,73972,1355],{"class":50},[14,73974,11714],{},[246,73976,73977,73983,73988],{},[249,73978,73979,73980],{},"The list starts as ",[33,73981,73982],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[249,73984,73985,73987],{},[33,73986,73555],{}," flips the order",[249,73989,73990],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[21,73992,73994,73996],{"id":73993},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[33,73995,73555],{}," changes the original list",[14,73998,73999,74000,74003],{},"This method is ",[180,74001,74002],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[26,74005,74007],{"className":28,"code":74006,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[33,74008,74009,74041,74051,74055],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,74010,74011,74013,74015,74017,74019,74021,74023,74025,74027,74029,74031,74033,74035,74037,74039],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,74012,36273],{"class":42},[36,74014,47],{"class":46},[36,74016,1333],{"class":50},[36,74018,88],{"class":87},[36,74020,92],{"class":91},[36,74022,88],{"class":87},[36,74024,58],{"class":50},[36,74026,99],{"class":87},[36,74028,102],{"class":91},[36,74030,88],{"class":87},[36,74032,58],{"class":50},[36,74034,99],{"class":87},[36,74036,4135],{"class":91},[36,74038,88],{"class":87},[36,74040,1355],{"class":50},[36,74042,74043,74045,74047,74049],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,74044,36325],{"class":42},[36,74046,303],{"class":50},[36,74048,73611],{"class":148},[36,74050,128],{"class":50},[36,74052,74053],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,74054,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,74056,74057,74059,74061,74063],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,74058,142],{"class":141},[36,74060,145],{"class":50},[36,74062,36325],{"class":148},[36,74064,152],{"class":50},[14,74066,182],{},[26,74068,74070],{"className":28,"code":74069,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[33,74071,74072],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,74073,74074,74076,74078,74080,74082,74084,74086,74088,74090,74092,74094,74096,74098],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,74075,3941],{"class":50},[36,74077,211],{"class":87},[36,74079,4135],{"class":91},[36,74081,211],{"class":87},[36,74083,58],{"class":50},[36,74085,220],{"class":87},[36,74087,102],{"class":91},[36,74089,211],{"class":87},[36,74091,58],{"class":50},[36,74093,220],{"class":87},[36,74095,92],{"class":91},[36,74097,211],{"class":87},[36,74099,1355],{"class":50},[14,74101,495,74102,74104],{},[33,74103,73555],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[14,74106,74107],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[26,74109,74111],{"className":28,"code":74110,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[33,74112,74113,74145,74163,74167,74177],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,74114,74115,74117,74119,74121,74123,74125,74127,74129,74131,74133,74135,74137,74139,74141,74143],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,74116,36273],{"class":42},[36,74118,47],{"class":46},[36,74120,1333],{"class":50},[36,74122,88],{"class":87},[36,74124,92],{"class":91},[36,74126,88],{"class":87},[36,74128,58],{"class":50},[36,74130,99],{"class":87},[36,74132,102],{"class":91},[36,74134,88],{"class":87},[36,74136,58],{"class":50},[36,74138,99],{"class":87},[36,74140,4135],{"class":91},[36,74142,88],{"class":87},[36,74144,1355],{"class":50},[36,74146,74147,74150,74152,74154,74157,74159,74161],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,74148,74149],{"class":42},"reversed_fruits ",[36,74151,47],{"class":46},[36,74153,52890],{"class":42},[36,74155,74156],{"class":50},"[::",[36,74158,2070],{"class":46},[36,74160,55],{"class":54},[36,74162,1355],{"class":50},[36,74164,74165],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,74166,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,74168,74169,74171,74173,74175],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,74170,142],{"class":141},[36,74172,145],{"class":50},[36,74174,36325],{"class":148},[36,74176,152],{"class":50},[36,74178,74179,74181,74183,74186],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,74180,142],{"class":141},[36,74182,145],{"class":50},[36,74184,74185],{"class":148},"reversed_fruits",[36,74187,152],{"class":50},[14,74189,182],{},[26,74191,74193],{"className":28,"code":74192,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[33,74194,74195,74223],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,74196,74197,74199,74201,74203,74205,74207,74209,74211,74213,74215,74217,74219,74221],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,74198,3941],{"class":50},[36,74200,211],{"class":87},[36,74202,92],{"class":91},[36,74204,211],{"class":87},[36,74206,58],{"class":50},[36,74208,220],{"class":87},[36,74210,102],{"class":91},[36,74212,211],{"class":87},[36,74214,58],{"class":50},[36,74216,220],{"class":87},[36,74218,4135],{"class":91},[36,74220,211],{"class":87},[36,74222,1355],{"class":50},[36,74224,74225,74227,74229,74231,74233,74235,74237,74239,74241,74243,74245,74247,74249],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,74226,3941],{"class":50},[36,74228,211],{"class":87},[36,74230,4135],{"class":91},[36,74232,211],{"class":87},[36,74234,58],{"class":50},[36,74236,220],{"class":87},[36,74238,102],{"class":91},[36,74240,211],{"class":87},[36,74242,58],{"class":50},[36,74244,220],{"class":87},[36,74246,92],{"class":91},[36,74248,211],{"class":87},[36,74250,1355],{"class":50},[14,74252,74253,74254,303],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[294,74255,74256],{"href":73573},"Python list slicing explained",[21,74258,74260],{"id":74259},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[14,74262,74263],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[26,74265,74267],{"className":28,"code":74266,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,74268,74269,74289,74303,74307,74318],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,74270,74271,74273,74275,74277,74279,74281,74283,74285,74287],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,74272,43],{"class":42},[36,74274,47],{"class":46},[36,74276,1333],{"class":50},[36,74278,55],{"class":54},[36,74280,58],{"class":50},[36,74282,61],{"class":54},[36,74284,58],{"class":50},[36,74286,66],{"class":54},[36,74288,1355],{"class":50},[36,74290,74291,74293,74295,74297,74299,74301],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,74292,55929],{"class":42},[36,74294,47],{"class":46},[36,74296,4301],{"class":42},[36,74298,303],{"class":50},[36,74300,73611],{"class":148},[36,74302,128],{"class":50},[36,74304,74305],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,74306,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,74308,74309,74311,74313,74316],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,74310,142],{"class":141},[36,74312,145],{"class":50},[36,74314,74315],{"class":148},"new_list",[36,74317,152],{"class":50},[36,74319,74320,74322,74324,74326],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,74321,142],{"class":141},[36,74323,145],{"class":50},[36,74325,149],{"class":148},[36,74327,152],{"class":50},[14,74329,182],{},[26,74331,74333],{"className":28,"code":74332,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[33,74334,74335,74339],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,74336,74337],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,74338,11838],{"class":1143},[36,74340,74341,74343,74345,74347,74349,74351,74353],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,74342,3941],{"class":50},[36,74344,485],{"class":54},[36,74346,58],{"class":50},[36,74348,61],{"class":54},[36,74350,58],{"class":50},[36,74352,1340],{"class":54},[36,74354,1355],{"class":50},[14,74356,11930],{},[246,74358,74359,74367,74371],{},[249,74360,74361,74363,74364,74366],{},[33,74362,73555],{}," changes ",[33,74365,149],{}," directly",[249,74368,40942,74369,71875],{},[180,74370,870],{},[249,74372,53692,74373,42192,74375],{},[33,74374,74315],{},[33,74376,3822],{},[14,74378,61933],{},[26,74380,74382],{"className":28,"code":74381,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,74383,74384,74404,74414,74418],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,74385,74386,74388,74390,74392,74394,74396,74398,74400,74402],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,74387,43],{"class":42},[36,74389,47],{"class":46},[36,74391,1333],{"class":50},[36,74393,55],{"class":54},[36,74395,58],{"class":50},[36,74397,61],{"class":54},[36,74399,58],{"class":50},[36,74401,66],{"class":54},[36,74403,1355],{"class":50},[36,74405,74406,74408,74410,74412],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,74407,149],{"class":42},[36,74409,303],{"class":50},[36,74411,73611],{"class":148},[36,74413,128],{"class":50},[36,74415,74416],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,74417,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,74419,74420,74422,74424,74426],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,74421,142],{"class":141},[36,74423,145],{"class":50},[36,74425,149],{"class":148},[36,74427,152],{"class":50},[14,74429,182],{},[26,74431,74433],{"className":28,"code":74432,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[33,74434,74435],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,74436,74437,74439,74441,74443,74445,74447,74449],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,74438,3941],{"class":50},[36,74440,485],{"class":54},[36,74442,58],{"class":50},[36,74444,61],{"class":54},[36,74446,58],{"class":50},[36,74448,1340],{"class":54},[36,74450,1355],{"class":50},[21,74452,74454,10615,74456,74459],{"id":74453},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[33,74455,73555],{},[33,74457,74458],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[14,74461,74462],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[376,74464,74465],{"id":73611},[33,74466,73555],{},[14,74468,74469,74471],{},[33,74470,73555],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[26,74473,74475],{"className":28,"code":74474,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,74476,74477,74497,74507],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,74478,74479,74481,74483,74485,74487,74489,74491,74493,74495],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,74480,43],{"class":42},[36,74482,47],{"class":46},[36,74484,1333],{"class":50},[36,74486,485],{"class":54},[36,74488,58],{"class":50},[36,74490,1340],{"class":54},[36,74492,58],{"class":50},[36,74494,61],{"class":54},[36,74496,1355],{"class":50},[36,74498,74499,74501,74503,74505],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,74500,149],{"class":42},[36,74502,303],{"class":50},[36,74504,73611],{"class":148},[36,74506,128],{"class":50},[36,74508,74509,74511,74513,74515],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,74510,142],{"class":141},[36,74512,145],{"class":50},[36,74514,149],{"class":148},[36,74516,152],{"class":50},[14,74518,182],{},[26,74520,74522],{"className":28,"code":74521,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[33,74523,74524],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,74525,74526,74528,74530,74532,74534,74536,74538],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,74527,3941],{"class":50},[36,74529,481],{"class":54},[36,74531,58],{"class":50},[36,74533,1340],{"class":54},[36,74535,58],{"class":50},[36,74537,66],{"class":54},[36,74539,1355],{"class":50},[14,74541,74542,74543,74545],{},"Notice that this is ",[180,74544,870],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[376,74547,74549],{"id":74548},"sorted",[33,74550,74458],{},[14,74552,74553,74558],{},[294,74554,74556],{"href":74555},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[33,74557,74458],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[26,74560,74562],{"className":28,"code":74561,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[33,74563,74564,74584,74599,74603,74613],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,74565,74566,74568,74570,74572,74574,74576,74578,74580,74582],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,74567,43],{"class":42},[36,74569,47],{"class":46},[36,74571,1333],{"class":50},[36,74573,485],{"class":54},[36,74575,58],{"class":50},[36,74577,1340],{"class":54},[36,74579,58],{"class":50},[36,74581,61],{"class":54},[36,74583,1355],{"class":50},[36,74585,74586,74588,74590,74593,74595,74597],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,74587,2280],{"class":42},[36,74589,47],{"class":46},[36,74591,74592],{"class":141}," sorted",[36,74594,145],{"class":50},[36,74596,149],{"class":148},[36,74598,152],{"class":50},[36,74600,74601],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,74602,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,74604,74605,74607,74609,74611],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,74606,142],{"class":141},[36,74608,145],{"class":50},[36,74610,149],{"class":148},[36,74612,152],{"class":50},[36,74614,74615,74617,74619,74621],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,74616,142],{"class":141},[36,74618,145],{"class":50},[36,74620,2315],{"class":148},[36,74622,152],{"class":50},[14,74624,182],{},[26,74626,74628],{"className":28,"code":74627,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[33,74629,74630,74646],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,74631,74632,74634,74636,74638,74640,74642,74644],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,74633,3941],{"class":50},[36,74635,485],{"class":54},[36,74637,58],{"class":50},[36,74639,1340],{"class":54},[36,74641,58],{"class":50},[36,74643,61],{"class":54},[36,74645,1355],{"class":50},[36,74647,74648,74650,74652,74654,74656,74658,74660],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,74649,3941],{"class":50},[36,74651,55],{"class":54},[36,74653,58],{"class":50},[36,74655,61],{"class":54},[36,74657,58],{"class":50},[36,74659,66],{"class":54},[36,74661,1355],{"class":50},[14,74663,74664,74665,303],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[33,74666,74667],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[376,74669,74671],{"id":74670},"slicing","Slicing",[14,74673,74674,74675,74678],{},"Slicing with ",[33,74676,74677],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[26,74680,74682],{"className":28,"code":74681,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[33,74683,74684,74704,74720,74724,74734],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,74685,74686,74688,74690,74692,74694,74696,74698,74700,74702],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,74687,43],{"class":42},[36,74689,47],{"class":46},[36,74691,1333],{"class":50},[36,74693,485],{"class":54},[36,74695,58],{"class":50},[36,74697,1340],{"class":54},[36,74699,58],{"class":50},[36,74701,61],{"class":54},[36,74703,1355],{"class":50},[36,74705,74706,74708,74710,74712,74714,74716,74718],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,74707,2280],{"class":42},[36,74709,47],{"class":46},[36,74711,4301],{"class":42},[36,74713,74156],{"class":50},[36,74715,2070],{"class":46},[36,74717,55],{"class":54},[36,74719,1355],{"class":50},[36,74721,74722],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,74723,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,74725,74726,74728,74730,74732],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,74727,142],{"class":141},[36,74729,145],{"class":50},[36,74731,149],{"class":148},[36,74733,152],{"class":50},[36,74735,74736,74738,74740,74742],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,74737,142],{"class":141},[36,74739,145],{"class":50},[36,74741,2315],{"class":148},[36,74743,152],{"class":50},[14,74745,182],{},[26,74747,74749],{"className":28,"code":74748,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[33,74750,74751,74767],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,74752,74753,74755,74757,74759,74761,74763,74765],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,74754,3941],{"class":50},[36,74756,485],{"class":54},[36,74758,58],{"class":50},[36,74760,1340],{"class":54},[36,74762,58],{"class":50},[36,74764,61],{"class":54},[36,74766,1355],{"class":50},[36,74768,74769,74771,74773,74775,74777,74779,74781],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,74770,3941],{"class":50},[36,74772,481],{"class":54},[36,74774,58],{"class":50},[36,74776,1340],{"class":54},[36,74778,58],{"class":50},[36,74780,66],{"class":54},[36,74782,1355],{"class":50},[376,74784,74786],{"id":74785},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[246,74788,74789,74794,74799],{},[249,74790,495,74791,74793],{},[33,74792,73555],{}," when you want to change the original list",[249,74795,495,74796,74798],{},[33,74797,74677],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[249,74800,495,74801,74803],{},[33,74802,74458],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[14,74805,74806,74807,74813],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[294,74808,74810,74811,1939],{"href":74809},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[33,74812,64347],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[21,74815,5000,74817],{"id":74816},"when-to-use-reverse",[33,74818,73555],{},[14,74820,74821,74823],{},[33,74822,73555],{}," is a good choice:",[246,74825,74826,74829,74832],{},[249,74827,74828],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[249,74830,74831],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[249,74833,74834],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[14,74836,74837,74838,303],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[294,74839,74841],{"href":74840},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[21,74843,1455],{"id":1454},[14,74845,74846,74847,74849],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[33,74848,73555],{}," for these reasons:",[246,74851,74852,74856,74861,74866],{},[249,74853,12625,74854,12628],{},[33,74855,73555],{},[249,74857,8489,74858,74860],{},[33,74859,73555],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[249,74862,1462,74863,74865],{},[33,74864,73555],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[249,74867,37239,74868,8741,74870],{},[33,74869,73555],{},[33,74871,74872],{},"reversed()",[14,74874,74875],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[26,74877,74879],{"className":28,"code":74878,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[33,74880,74881,74893],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,74882,74883,74885,74887,74889,74891],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,74884,34722],{"class":42},[36,74886,47],{"class":46},[36,74888,99],{"class":87},[36,74890,708],{"class":91},[36,74892,3403],{"class":87},[36,74894,74895,74897,74899,74901],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,74896,34743],{"class":42},[36,74898,303],{"class":50},[36,74900,73611],{"class":148},[36,74902,128],{"class":50},[14,74904,74905,74906,33634],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[33,74907,73555],{},[14,74909,74910],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[26,74912,74914],{"className":28,"code":74913,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[33,74915,74916,74936,74940,74950,74964,74968,74982,74992,74996],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,74917,74918,74920,74922,74924,74926,74928,74930,74932,74934],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,74919,8344],{"class":42},[36,74921,47],{"class":46},[36,74923,1333],{"class":50},[36,74925,55],{"class":54},[36,74927,58],{"class":50},[36,74929,61],{"class":54},[36,74931,58],{"class":50},[36,74933,66],{"class":54},[36,74935,1355],{"class":50},[36,74937,74938],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,74939,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,74941,74942,74944,74946,74948],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,74943,142],{"class":141},[36,74945,145],{"class":50},[36,74947,8375],{"class":148},[36,74949,152],{"class":50},[36,74951,74952,74954,74956,74958,74960,74962],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,74953,142],{"class":141},[36,74955,145],{"class":50},[36,74957,818],{"class":80},[36,74959,145],{"class":50},[36,74961,8375],{"class":148},[36,74963,445],{"class":50},[36,74965,74966],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,74967,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,74969,74970,74972,74974,74976,74978,74980],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,74971,2280],{"class":42},[36,74973,47],{"class":46},[36,74975,8432],{"class":42},[36,74977,303],{"class":50},[36,74979,73611],{"class":148},[36,74981,128],{"class":50},[36,74983,74984,74986,74988,74990],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,74985,142],{"class":141},[36,74987,145],{"class":50},[36,74989,2315],{"class":148},[36,74991,152],{"class":50},[36,74993,74994],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,74995,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,74997,74998,75000,75002,75004,75006,75008,75010],{"class":38,"line":6471},[36,74999,142],{"class":141},[36,75001,145],{"class":50},[36,75003,8375],{"class":148},[36,75005,74156],{"class":50},[36,75007,2070],{"class":46},[36,75009,55],{"class":54},[36,75011,115],{"class":50},[14,75013,182],{},[26,75015,75017],{"className":28,"code":75016,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[33,75018,75019,75035,75049,75053],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,75020,75021,75023,75025,75027,75029,75031,75033],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,75022,3941],{"class":50},[36,75024,55],{"class":54},[36,75026,58],{"class":50},[36,75028,61],{"class":54},[36,75030,58],{"class":50},[36,75032,66],{"class":54},[36,75034,1355],{"class":50},[36,75036,75037,75039,75041,75043,75045,75047],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,75038,844],{"class":46},[36,75040,848],{"class":847},[36,75042,220],{"class":87},[36,75044,1225],{"class":91},[36,75046,211],{"class":87},[36,75048,857],{"class":46},[36,75050,75051],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,75052,11838],{"class":1143},[36,75054,75055,75057,75059,75061,75063,75065,75067],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,75056,3941],{"class":50},[36,75058,55],{"class":54},[36,75060,58],{"class":50},[36,75062,61],{"class":54},[36,75064,58],{"class":50},[36,75066,1340],{"class":54},[36,75068,1355],{"class":50},[14,75070,75071],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[26,75073,75075],{"className":28,"code":75074,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[33,75076,75077,75097,75101,75111,75125,75129,75143,75153,75163],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,75078,75079,75081,75083,75085,75087,75089,75091,75093,75095],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,75080,8344],{"class":42},[36,75082,47],{"class":46},[36,75084,1333],{"class":50},[36,75086,55],{"class":54},[36,75088,58],{"class":50},[36,75090,61],{"class":54},[36,75092,58],{"class":50},[36,75094,66],{"class":54},[36,75096,1355],{"class":50},[36,75098,75099],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,75100,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,75102,75103,75105,75107,75109],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,75104,142],{"class":141},[36,75106,145],{"class":50},[36,75108,8375],{"class":148},[36,75110,152],{"class":50},[36,75112,75113,75115,75117,75119,75121,75123],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,75114,142],{"class":141},[36,75116,145],{"class":50},[36,75118,818],{"class":80},[36,75120,145],{"class":50},[36,75122,8375],{"class":148},[36,75124,445],{"class":50},[36,75126,75127],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,75128,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,75130,75131,75133,75135,75137,75139,75141],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,75132,2280],{"class":42},[36,75134,47],{"class":46},[36,75136,8432],{"class":42},[36,75138,303],{"class":50},[36,75140,73611],{"class":148},[36,75142,128],{"class":50},[36,75144,75145,75147,75149,75151],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,75146,142],{"class":141},[36,75148,145],{"class":50},[36,75150,2315],{"class":148},[36,75152,152],{"class":50},[36,75154,75155,75157,75159,75161],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,75156,142],{"class":141},[36,75158,145],{"class":50},[36,75160,8375],{"class":148},[36,75162,152],{"class":50},[36,75164,75165,75167,75169,75171,75173,75175,75177],{"class":38,"line":6471},[36,75166,142],{"class":141},[36,75168,145],{"class":50},[36,75170,8375],{"class":148},[36,75172,74156],{"class":50},[36,75174,2070],{"class":46},[36,75176,55],{"class":54},[36,75178,115],{"class":50},[14,75180,182],{},[26,75182,75184],{"className":28,"code":75183,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[33,75185,75186,75202,75216,75220,75236],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,75187,75188,75190,75192,75194,75196,75198,75200],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,75189,3941],{"class":50},[36,75191,55],{"class":54},[36,75193,58],{"class":50},[36,75195,61],{"class":54},[36,75197,58],{"class":50},[36,75199,66],{"class":54},[36,75201,1355],{"class":50},[36,75203,75204,75206,75208,75210,75212,75214],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,75205,844],{"class":46},[36,75207,848],{"class":847},[36,75209,220],{"class":87},[36,75211,1225],{"class":91},[36,75213,211],{"class":87},[36,75215,857],{"class":46},[36,75217,75218],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,75219,11838],{"class":1143},[36,75221,75222,75224,75226,75228,75230,75232,75234],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,75223,3941],{"class":50},[36,75225,485],{"class":54},[36,75227,58],{"class":50},[36,75229,61],{"class":54},[36,75231,58],{"class":50},[36,75233,1340],{"class":54},[36,75235,1355],{"class":50},[36,75237,75238,75240,75242,75244,75246,75248,75250],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,75239,3941],{"class":50},[36,75241,55],{"class":54},[36,75243,58],{"class":50},[36,75245,61],{"class":54},[36,75247,58],{"class":50},[36,75249,66],{"class":54},[36,75251,1355],{"class":50},[14,75253,75254],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[246,75256,75257,75266,75275],{},[249,75258,27830,75259,75262,75263],{},[33,75260,75261],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[33,75264,75265],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[249,75267,11946,75268,75271,75272,22592],{},[33,75269,75270],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[180,75273,75274],{},"current",[249,75276,75277,75278],{},"So it prints ",[33,75279,75280],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[21,75282,1872],{"id":1871},[376,75284,12735,75286,55508],{"id":75285},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[33,75287,73560],{},[14,75289,62638,75290,303],{},[33,75291,3822],{},[376,75293,34239,75295,34242,75297,2541],{"id":75294},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[33,75296,73555],{},[33,75298,75299],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[14,75301,75302,75304],{},[33,75303,73555],{}," only flips the current order.",[14,75306,75307,75309],{},[33,75308,75299],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[376,75311,28363,75313,75315],{"id":75312},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[33,75314,73555],{}," on a tuple or string?",[14,75317,46403,75318,75320],{},[33,75319,73555],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[376,75322,75324],{"id":75323},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[14,75326,75327],{},"Use slicing:",[26,75329,75331],{"className":28,"code":75330,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_list[::-1]\n",[33,75332,75333],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,75334,75335,75337,75339,75341,75343],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,75336,8375],{"class":42},[36,75338,74156],{"class":50},[36,75340,2070],{"class":46},[36,75342,55],{"class":54},[36,75344,1355],{"class":50},[14,75346,75347],{},"Or use:",[26,75349,75351],{"className":28,"code":75350,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[33,75352,75353],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,75354,75355,75357,75359,75362,75364,75366],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,75356,1225],{"class":80},[36,75358,145],{"class":50},[36,75360,75361],{"class":141},"reversed",[36,75363,145],{"class":50},[36,75365,8375],{"class":148},[36,75367,445],{"class":50},[14,75369,75370,75371,75375],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[294,75372,55559,75373],{"href":54999},[33,75374,12808],{}," can also help.",[21,75377,1923],{"id":1922},[246,75379,75380,75386,75392,75396,75400],{},[249,75381,75382],{},[294,75383,55559,75384,1939],{"href":74809},[33,75385,64347],{},[249,75387,75388],{},[294,75389,1935,75390,3554],{"href":74555},[33,75391,74458],{},[249,75393,75394],{},[294,75395,74841],{"href":74840},[249,75397,75398],{},[294,75399,74256],{"href":73573},[249,75401,75402],{},[294,75403,55559,75404,1939],{"href":54999},[33,75405,12808],{},[1962,75407,75408],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":75410},[75411,75412,75414,75415,75416,75418,75419,75426,75428,75429,75438],{"id":23,"depth":72,"text":24},{"id":73634,"depth":72,"text":75413},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":11504,"depth":72,"text":11505},{"id":73993,"depth":72,"text":75417},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74259,"depth":72,"text":74260},{"id":74453,"depth":72,"text":75420,"children":75421},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75422,75423,75424,75425],{"id":73611,"depth":118,"text":73555},{"id":74548,"depth":118,"text":74458},{"id":74670,"depth":118,"text":74671},{"id":74785,"depth":118,"text":74786},{"id":74816,"depth":72,"text":75427},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":75430},[75431,75433,75435,75437],{"id":75285,"depth":118,"text":75432},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75294,"depth":118,"text":75434},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75312,"depth":118,"text":75436},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75323,"depth":118,"text":75324},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73547,"description":75439},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75446,"title":75447,"body":75448,"description":77881,"extension":2009,"meta":77882,"navigation":134,"path":77883,"seo":77884,"stem":77885,"__hash__":77886},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75449,"toc":77849},[75450,75453,75465,75468,75491,75499,75501,75613,75622,75626,75629,75632,75719,75721,75754,75756,75779,75785,75789,75792,75814,75816,75833,75836,75856,75858,75968,75970,76047,76051,76054,76097,76099,76232,76234,76336,76341,76345,76348,76350,76364,76367,76481,76483,76557,76559,76587,76591,76596,76626,76629,76755,76757,76839,76845,76849,76851,76890,76899,76903,76906,76910,76957,76959,76967,76971,77022,77024,77037,77039,77053,77056,77064,77066,77113,77115,77123,77126,77169,77174,77177,77180,77203,77207,77258,77261,77282,77292,77296,77298,77328,77331,77354,77358,77361,77428,77430,77467,77470,77478,77545,77547,77584,77590,77597,77601,77604,77634,77639,77643,77646,77670,77673,77767,77777,77779,77783,77786,77790,77793,77798,77801,77807,77810,77812,77840,77846],[10,75451,75447],{"id":75452},"python-list-slicing-explained",[14,75454,75455,75456,2238,75458,17102,75461,75464],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[33,75457,36109],{},[33,75459,75460],{},"stop",[33,75462,75463],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[14,75466,75467],{},"The basic slice form is:",[26,75469,75471],{"className":28,"code":75470,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[33,75472,75473],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,75474,75475,75477,75479,75481,75483,75485,75487,75489],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,75476,8375],{"class":42},[36,75478,3941],{"class":50},[36,75480,36109],{"class":42},[36,75482,1213],{"class":50},[36,75484,75460],{"class":42},[36,75486,1213],{"class":50},[36,75488,75463],{"class":42},[36,75490,1355],{"class":50},[14,75492,75493,75494,75496,75497,303],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[33,75495,75460],{}," position is ",[180,75498,65105],{},[21,75500,2051],{"id":2050},[26,75502,75504],{"className":28,"code":75503,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[33,75505,75506,75534,75538,75559,75577,75594],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,75507,75508,75510,75512,75514,75516,75518,75520,75522,75524,75526,75528,75530,75532],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,75509,43],{"class":42},[36,75511,47],{"class":46},[36,75513,1333],{"class":50},[36,75515,631],{"class":54},[36,75517,58],{"class":50},[36,75519,636],{"class":54},[36,75521,58],{"class":50},[36,75523,645],{"class":54},[36,75525,58],{"class":50},[36,75527,50882],{"class":54},[36,75529,58],{"class":50},[36,75531,5120],{"class":54},[36,75533,1355],{"class":50},[36,75535,75536],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,75537,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,75539,75540,75542,75544,75546,75548,75550,75552,75554,75556],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,75541,142],{"class":141},[36,75543,145],{"class":50},[36,75545,149],{"class":148},[36,75547,3941],{"class":50},[36,75549,55],{"class":54},[36,75551,1213],{"class":50},[36,75553,2554],{"class":54},[36,75555,20478],{"class":50},[36,75557,75558],{"class":1617},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[36,75560,75561,75563,75565,75567,75570,75572,75574],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,75562,142],{"class":141},[36,75564,145],{"class":50},[36,75566,149],{"class":148},[36,75568,75569],{"class":50},"[:",[36,75571,485],{"class":54},[36,75573,20478],{"class":50},[36,75575,75576],{"class":1617},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[36,75578,75579,75581,75583,75585,75587,75589,75591],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,75580,142],{"class":141},[36,75582,145],{"class":50},[36,75584,149],{"class":148},[36,75586,74156],{"class":50},[36,75588,481],{"class":54},[36,75590,20478],{"class":50},[36,75592,75593],{"class":1617},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[36,75595,75596,75598,75600,75602,75604,75606,75608,75610],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,75597,142],{"class":141},[36,75599,145],{"class":50},[36,75601,149],{"class":148},[36,75603,74156],{"class":50},[36,75605,2070],{"class":46},[36,75607,55],{"class":54},[36,75609,20478],{"class":50},[36,75611,75612],{"class":1617},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[14,75614,495,75615,75618,75619,75621],{},[33,75616,75617],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[33,75620,75460],{}," value is not included.",[21,75623,75625],{"id":75624},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[14,75627,75628],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[14,75630,75631],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[26,75633,75635],{"className":28,"code":75634,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[33,75636,75637,75685,75689,75708],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,75638,75639,75641,75643,75645,75647,75649,75651,75653,75655,75657,75659,75661,75663,75665,75667,75669,75671,75673,75675,75677,75679,75681,75683],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,75640,697],{"class":42},[36,75642,47],{"class":46},[36,75644,1333],{"class":50},[36,75646,88],{"class":87},[36,75648,294],{"class":91},[36,75650,88],{"class":87},[36,75652,58],{"class":50},[36,75654,99],{"class":87},[36,75656,1707],{"class":91},[36,75658,88],{"class":87},[36,75660,58],{"class":50},[36,75662,99],{"class":87},[36,75664,9770],{"class":91},[36,75666,88],{"class":87},[36,75668,58],{"class":50},[36,75670,99],{"class":87},[36,75672,18799],{"class":91},[36,75674,88],{"class":87},[36,75676,58],{"class":50},[36,75678,99],{"class":87},[36,75680,750],{"class":91},[36,75682,88],{"class":87},[36,75684,1355],{"class":50},[36,75686,75687],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,75688,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,75690,75691,75694,75696,75698,75700,75702,75704,75706],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,75692,75693],{"class":42},"part ",[36,75695,47],{"class":46},[36,75697,70132],{"class":42},[36,75699,3941],{"class":50},[36,75701,55],{"class":54},[36,75703,1213],{"class":50},[36,75705,2554],{"class":54},[36,75707,1355],{"class":50},[36,75709,75710,75712,75714,75717],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,75711,142],{"class":141},[36,75713,145],{"class":50},[36,75715,75716],{"class":148},"part",[36,75718,152],{"class":50},[14,75720,182],{},[26,75722,75724],{"className":28,"code":75723,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[33,75725,75726],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,75727,75728,75730,75732,75734,75736,75738,75740,75742,75744,75746,75748,75750,75752],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,75729,3941],{"class":50},[36,75731,211],{"class":87},[36,75733,1707],{"class":91},[36,75735,211],{"class":87},[36,75737,58],{"class":50},[36,75739,220],{"class":87},[36,75741,9770],{"class":91},[36,75743,211],{"class":87},[36,75745,58],{"class":50},[36,75747,220],{"class":87},[36,75749,18799],{"class":91},[36,75751,211],{"class":87},[36,75753,1355],{"class":50},[14,75755,13084],{},[246,75757,75758,75761,75764,75770,75776],{},[249,75759,75760],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[249,75762,75763],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[249,75765,75766,75767],{},"Basic form: ",[33,75768,75769],{},"list[start:stop]",[249,75771,75772,75773,75775],{},"The item at ",[33,75774,75460],{}," is not included",[249,75777,75778],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[14,75780,75781,75782,303],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[294,75783,75784],{"href":51018},"beginner guide to Python lists",[21,75786,75788],{"id":75787},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[14,75790,75791],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[26,75793,75794],{"className":28,"code":75470,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,75795,75796],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,75797,75798,75800,75802,75804,75806,75808,75810,75812],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,75799,8375],{"class":42},[36,75801,3941],{"class":50},[36,75803,36109],{"class":42},[36,75805,1213],{"class":50},[36,75807,75460],{"class":42},[36,75809,1213],{"class":50},[36,75811,75463],{"class":42},[36,75813,1355],{"class":50},[14,75815,65081],{},[246,75817,75818,75823,75828],{},[249,75819,75820,75822],{},[33,75821,36109],{}," is where slicing begins",[249,75824,75825,75827],{},[33,75826,75460],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[249,75829,75830,75832],{},[33,75831,75463],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[14,75834,75835],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[246,75837,75838,75844,75849],{},[249,75839,75840,75841,75843],{},"Missing ",[33,75842,36109],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[249,75845,75840,75846,75848],{},[33,75847,75460],{}," means go to the end of the list",[249,75850,75840,75851,75853,75854],{},[33,75852,75463],{}," means use ",[33,75855,55],{},[14,75857,2257],{},[26,75859,75861],{"className":28,"code":75860,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[33,75862,75863,75891,75895,75916,75933,75951],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,75864,75865,75867,75869,75871,75873,75875,75877,75879,75881,75883,75885,75887,75889],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,75866,43],{"class":42},[36,75868,47],{"class":46},[36,75870,1333],{"class":50},[36,75872,631],{"class":54},[36,75874,58],{"class":50},[36,75876,636],{"class":54},[36,75878,58],{"class":50},[36,75880,645],{"class":54},[36,75882,58],{"class":50},[36,75884,50882],{"class":54},[36,75886,58],{"class":50},[36,75888,5120],{"class":54},[36,75890,1355],{"class":50},[36,75892,75893],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,75894,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,75896,75897,75899,75901,75903,75905,75907,75909,75911,75913],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,75898,142],{"class":141},[36,75900,145],{"class":50},[36,75902,149],{"class":148},[36,75904,3941],{"class":50},[36,75906,55],{"class":54},[36,75908,1213],{"class":50},[36,75910,2554],{"class":54},[36,75912,20478],{"class":50},[36,75914,75915],{"class":1617},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[36,75917,75918,75920,75922,75924,75926,75928,75930],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,75919,142],{"class":141},[36,75921,145],{"class":50},[36,75923,149],{"class":148},[36,75925,75569],{"class":50},[36,75927,485],{"class":54},[36,75929,20478],{"class":50},[36,75931,75932],{"class":1617},"    # start from the beginning\n",[36,75934,75935,75937,75939,75941,75943,75945,75948],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,75936,142],{"class":141},[36,75938,145],{"class":50},[36,75940,149],{"class":148},[36,75942,3941],{"class":50},[36,75944,481],{"class":54},[36,75946,75947],{"class":50},":])",[36,75949,75950],{"class":1617},"    # go to the end\n",[36,75952,75953,75955,75957,75959,75961,75963,75965],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,75954,142],{"class":141},[36,75956,145],{"class":50},[36,75958,149],{"class":148},[36,75960,74156],{"class":50},[36,75962,55],{"class":54},[36,75964,20478],{"class":50},[36,75966,75967],{"class":1617},"   # step of 1\n",[14,75969,182],{},[26,75971,75973],{"className":28,"code":75972,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[33,75974,75975,75991,76007,76023],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,75976,75977,75979,75981,75983,75985,75987,75989],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,75978,3941],{"class":50},[36,75980,15783],{"class":54},[36,75982,58],{"class":50},[36,75984,645],{"class":54},[36,75986,58],{"class":50},[36,75988,50882],{"class":54},[36,75990,1355],{"class":50},[36,75992,75993,75995,75997,75999,76001,76003,76005],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,75994,3941],{"class":50},[36,75996,631],{"class":54},[36,75998,58],{"class":50},[36,76000,636],{"class":54},[36,76002,58],{"class":50},[36,76004,645],{"class":54},[36,76006,1355],{"class":50},[36,76008,76009,76011,76013,76015,76017,76019,76021],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,76010,3941],{"class":50},[36,76012,36876],{"class":54},[36,76014,58],{"class":50},[36,76016,50882],{"class":54},[36,76018,58],{"class":50},[36,76020,5120],{"class":54},[36,76022,1355],{"class":50},[36,76024,76025,76027,76029,76031,76033,76035,76037,76039,76041,76043,76045],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,76026,3941],{"class":50},[36,76028,631],{"class":54},[36,76030,58],{"class":50},[36,76032,636],{"class":54},[36,76034,58],{"class":50},[36,76036,645],{"class":54},[36,76038,58],{"class":50},[36,76040,50882],{"class":54},[36,76042,58],{"class":50},[36,76044,5120],{"class":54},[36,76046,1355],{"class":50},[21,76048,76050],{"id":76049},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[14,76052,76053],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[246,76055,76056,76065,76074,76085,76091],{},[249,76057,76058,76061,76062,6005],{},[33,76059,76060],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[33,76063,76064],{},"n",[249,76066,76067,76070,76071,76073],{},[33,76068,76069],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[33,76072,76064],{}," to the end",[249,76075,76076,76079,76080,76082,76083],{},[33,76077,76078],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[33,76081,294],{}," up to ",[33,76084,1707],{},[249,76086,76087,76090],{},[33,76088,76089],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[249,76092,76093,76096],{},[33,76094,76095],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[14,76098,2257],{},[26,76100,76102],{"className":28,"code":76101,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[33,76103,76104,76137,76141,76158,76175,76196,76213],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,76105,76106,76108,76110,76112,76114,76116,76118,76120,76122,76124,76126,76128,76130,76132,76135],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,76107,43],{"class":42},[36,76109,47],{"class":46},[36,76111,1333],{"class":50},[36,76113,631],{"class":54},[36,76115,58],{"class":50},[36,76117,636],{"class":54},[36,76119,58],{"class":50},[36,76121,645],{"class":54},[36,76123,58],{"class":50},[36,76125,50882],{"class":54},[36,76127,58],{"class":50},[36,76129,5120],{"class":54},[36,76131,58],{"class":50},[36,76133,76134],{"class":54}," 60",[36,76136,1355],{"class":50},[36,76138,76139],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,76140,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,76142,76143,76145,76147,76149,76151,76153,76155],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,76144,142],{"class":141},[36,76146,145],{"class":50},[36,76148,149],{"class":148},[36,76150,75569],{"class":50},[36,76152,485],{"class":54},[36,76154,20478],{"class":50},[36,76156,76157],{"class":1617},"    # first 3 items\n",[36,76159,76160,76162,76164,76166,76168,76170,76172],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,76161,142],{"class":141},[36,76163,145],{"class":50},[36,76165,149],{"class":148},[36,76167,3941],{"class":50},[36,76169,485],{"class":54},[36,76171,75947],{"class":50},[36,76173,76174],{"class":1617},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[36,76176,76177,76179,76181,76183,76185,76187,76189,76191,76193],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,76178,142],{"class":141},[36,76180,145],{"class":50},[36,76182,149],{"class":148},[36,76184,3941],{"class":50},[36,76186,55],{"class":54},[36,76188,1213],{"class":50},[36,76190,2183],{"class":54},[36,76192,20478],{"class":50},[36,76194,76195],{"class":1617},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[36,76197,76198,76200,76202,76204,76206,76208,76210],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,76199,142],{"class":141},[36,76201,145],{"class":50},[36,76203,149],{"class":148},[36,76205,74156],{"class":50},[36,76207,481],{"class":54},[36,76209,20478],{"class":50},[36,76211,76212],{"class":1617},"   # every second item\n",[36,76214,76215,76217,76219,76221,76223,76225,76227,76229],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,76216,142],{"class":141},[36,76218,145],{"class":50},[36,76220,149],{"class":148},[36,76222,74156],{"class":50},[36,76224,2070],{"class":46},[36,76226,55],{"class":54},[36,76228,20478],{"class":50},[36,76230,76231],{"class":1617},"  # reversed copy\n",[14,76233,182],{},[26,76235,76237],{"className":28,"code":76236,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[33,76238,76239,76255,76271,76291,76307],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,76240,76241,76243,76245,76247,76249,76251,76253],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,76242,3941],{"class":50},[36,76244,631],{"class":54},[36,76246,58],{"class":50},[36,76248,636],{"class":54},[36,76250,58],{"class":50},[36,76252,645],{"class":54},[36,76254,1355],{"class":50},[36,76256,76257,76259,76261,76263,76265,76267,76269],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,76258,3941],{"class":50},[36,76260,56730],{"class":54},[36,76262,58],{"class":50},[36,76264,5120],{"class":54},[36,76266,58],{"class":50},[36,76268,76134],{"class":54},[36,76270,1355],{"class":50},[36,76272,76273,76275,76277,76279,76281,76283,76285,76287,76289],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,76274,3941],{"class":50},[36,76276,15783],{"class":54},[36,76278,58],{"class":50},[36,76280,645],{"class":54},[36,76282,58],{"class":50},[36,76284,50882],{"class":54},[36,76286,58],{"class":50},[36,76288,5120],{"class":54},[36,76290,1355],{"class":50},[36,76292,76293,76295,76297,76299,76301,76303,76305],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,76294,3941],{"class":50},[36,76296,631],{"class":54},[36,76298,58],{"class":50},[36,76300,645],{"class":54},[36,76302,58],{"class":50},[36,76304,5120],{"class":54},[36,76306,1355],{"class":50},[36,76308,76309,76311,76314,76316,76318,76320,76322,76324,76326,76328,76330,76332,76334],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,76310,3941],{"class":50},[36,76312,76313],{"class":54},"60",[36,76315,58],{"class":50},[36,76317,5120],{"class":54},[36,76319,58],{"class":50},[36,76321,50882],{"class":54},[36,76323,58],{"class":50},[36,76325,645],{"class":54},[36,76327,58],{"class":50},[36,76329,636],{"class":54},[36,76331,58],{"class":50},[36,76333,6044],{"class":54},[36,76335,1355],{"class":50},[14,76337,76338,76339,303],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[294,76340,14921],{"href":57257},[21,76342,76344],{"id":76343},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[14,76346,76347],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[14,76349,5512],{},[246,76351,76352,76358],{},[249,76353,76354,76357],{},[33,76355,76356],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[249,76359,76360,76363],{},[33,76361,76362],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[14,76365,76366],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[26,76368,76370],{"className":28,"code":76369,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[33,76371,76372,76420,76424,76443,76462],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,76373,76374,76376,76378,76380,76382,76384,76386,76388,76390,76392,76394,76396,76398,76400,76402,76404,76406,76408,76410,76412,76414,76416,76418],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,76375,697],{"class":42},[36,76377,47],{"class":46},[36,76379,1333],{"class":50},[36,76381,88],{"class":87},[36,76383,294],{"class":91},[36,76385,88],{"class":87},[36,76387,58],{"class":50},[36,76389,99],{"class":87},[36,76391,1707],{"class":91},[36,76393,88],{"class":87},[36,76395,58],{"class":50},[36,76397,99],{"class":87},[36,76399,9770],{"class":91},[36,76401,88],{"class":87},[36,76403,58],{"class":50},[36,76405,99],{"class":87},[36,76407,18799],{"class":91},[36,76409,88],{"class":87},[36,76411,58],{"class":50},[36,76413,99],{"class":87},[36,76415,750],{"class":91},[36,76417,88],{"class":87},[36,76419,1355],{"class":50},[36,76421,76422],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,76423,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,76425,76426,76428,76430,76432,76434,76436,76438,76440],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,76427,142],{"class":141},[36,76429,145],{"class":50},[36,76431,721],{"class":148},[36,76433,3941],{"class":50},[36,76435,2070],{"class":46},[36,76437,55],{"class":54},[36,76439,20478],{"class":50},[36,76441,76442],{"class":1617},"    # last item\n",[36,76444,76445,76447,76449,76451,76453,76455,76457,76459],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,76446,142],{"class":141},[36,76448,145],{"class":50},[36,76450,721],{"class":148},[36,76452,3941],{"class":50},[36,76454,2070],{"class":46},[36,76456,485],{"class":54},[36,76458,75947],{"class":50},[36,76460,76461],{"class":1617},"   # last 3 items\n",[36,76463,76464,76466,76468,76470,76472,76474,76476,76478],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,76465,142],{"class":141},[36,76467,145],{"class":50},[36,76469,721],{"class":148},[36,76471,75569],{"class":50},[36,76473,2070],{"class":46},[36,76475,55],{"class":54},[36,76477,20478],{"class":50},[36,76479,76480],{"class":1617},"   # everything except the last item\n",[14,76482,182],{},[26,76484,76486],{"className":28,"code":76485,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[33,76487,76488,76493,76521],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,76489,76490],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,76491,76492],{"class":42},"e\n",[36,76494,76495,76497,76499,76501,76503,76505,76507,76509,76511,76513,76515,76517,76519],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,76496,3941],{"class":50},[36,76498,211],{"class":87},[36,76500,9770],{"class":91},[36,76502,211],{"class":87},[36,76504,58],{"class":50},[36,76506,220],{"class":87},[36,76508,18799],{"class":91},[36,76510,211],{"class":87},[36,76512,58],{"class":50},[36,76514,220],{"class":87},[36,76516,750],{"class":91},[36,76518,211],{"class":87},[36,76520,1355],{"class":50},[36,76522,76523,76525,76527,76529,76531,76533,76535,76537,76539,76541,76543,76545,76547,76549,76551,76553,76555],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,76524,3941],{"class":50},[36,76526,211],{"class":87},[36,76528,294],{"class":91},[36,76530,211],{"class":87},[36,76532,58],{"class":50},[36,76534,220],{"class":87},[36,76536,1707],{"class":91},[36,76538,211],{"class":87},[36,76540,58],{"class":50},[36,76542,220],{"class":87},[36,76544,9770],{"class":91},[36,76546,211],{"class":87},[36,76548,58],{"class":50},[36,76550,220],{"class":87},[36,76552,18799],{"class":91},[36,76554,211],{"class":87},[36,76556,1355],{"class":50},[14,76558,13084],{},[246,76560,76561,76564,76568,76574,76580],{},[249,76562,76563],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[249,76565,76566,76357],{},[33,76567,76356],{},[249,76569,76570,76573],{},[33,76571,76572],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[249,76575,76576,76579],{},[33,76577,76578],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[249,76581,76582,76583,482,76585],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[33,76584,36109],{},[33,76586,75460],{},[21,76588,76590],{"id":76589},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[14,76592,2026,76593,76595],{},[33,76594,75463],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[246,76597,76598,76601,76604,76609,76619],{},[249,76599,76600],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[249,76602,76603],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[249,76605,76606,76608],{},[33,76607,76095],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[249,76610,8909,76611,76613,76614,76616,76617],{},[33,76612,75463],{}," is negative, ",[33,76615,36109],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[33,76618,75460],{},[249,76620,76621,76623,76624],{},[33,76622,75463],{}," cannot be ",[33,76625,2166],{},[14,76627,76628],{},"Example with different step values:",[26,76630,76632],{"className":28,"code":76631,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[33,76633,76634,76666,76670,76687,76709,76728],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,76635,76636,76638,76640,76642,76644,76646,76648,76650,76652,76654,76656,76658,76660,76662,76664],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,76637,43],{"class":42},[36,76639,47],{"class":46},[36,76641,1333],{"class":50},[36,76643,631],{"class":54},[36,76645,58],{"class":50},[36,76647,636],{"class":54},[36,76649,58],{"class":50},[36,76651,645],{"class":54},[36,76653,58],{"class":50},[36,76655,50882],{"class":54},[36,76657,58],{"class":50},[36,76659,5120],{"class":54},[36,76661,58],{"class":50},[36,76663,76134],{"class":54},[36,76665,1355],{"class":50},[36,76667,76668],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,76669,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,76671,76672,76674,76676,76678,76680,76682,76684],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,76673,142],{"class":141},[36,76675,145],{"class":50},[36,76677,149],{"class":148},[36,76679,74156],{"class":50},[36,76681,481],{"class":54},[36,76683,20478],{"class":50},[36,76685,76686],{"class":1617},"     # every second item\n",[36,76688,76689,76691,76693,76695,76697,76699,76702,76704,76706],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,76690,142],{"class":141},[36,76692,145],{"class":50},[36,76694,149],{"class":148},[36,76696,3941],{"class":50},[36,76698,55],{"class":54},[36,76700,76701],{"class":50},"::",[36,76703,481],{"class":54},[36,76705,20478],{"class":50},[36,76707,76708],{"class":1617},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[36,76710,76711,76713,76715,76717,76719,76721,76723,76725],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,76712,142],{"class":141},[36,76714,145],{"class":50},[36,76716,149],{"class":148},[36,76718,74156],{"class":50},[36,76720,2070],{"class":46},[36,76722,55],{"class":54},[36,76724,20478],{"class":50},[36,76726,76727],{"class":1617},"    # reverse the list\n",[36,76729,76730,76732,76734,76736,76738,76740,76742,76744,76746,76748,76750,76752],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,76731,142],{"class":141},[36,76733,145],{"class":50},[36,76735,149],{"class":148},[36,76737,3941],{"class":50},[36,76739,2554],{"class":54},[36,76741,1213],{"class":50},[36,76743,55],{"class":54},[36,76745,1213],{"class":50},[36,76747,2070],{"class":46},[36,76749,55],{"class":54},[36,76751,20478],{"class":50},[36,76753,76754],{"class":1617},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[14,76756,182],{},[26,76758,76760],{"className":28,"code":76759,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[33,76761,76762,76778,76794,76822],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,76763,76764,76766,76768,76770,76772,76774,76776],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,76765,3941],{"class":50},[36,76767,631],{"class":54},[36,76769,58],{"class":50},[36,76771,645],{"class":54},[36,76773,58],{"class":50},[36,76775,5120],{"class":54},[36,76777,1355],{"class":50},[36,76779,76780,76782,76784,76786,76788,76790,76792],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,76781,3941],{"class":50},[36,76783,15783],{"class":54},[36,76785,58],{"class":50},[36,76787,50882],{"class":54},[36,76789,58],{"class":50},[36,76791,76134],{"class":54},[36,76793,1355],{"class":50},[36,76795,76796,76798,76800,76802,76804,76806,76808,76810,76812,76814,76816,76818,76820],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,76797,3941],{"class":50},[36,76799,76313],{"class":54},[36,76801,58],{"class":50},[36,76803,5120],{"class":54},[36,76805,58],{"class":50},[36,76807,50882],{"class":54},[36,76809,58],{"class":50},[36,76811,645],{"class":54},[36,76813,58],{"class":50},[36,76815,636],{"class":54},[36,76817,58],{"class":50},[36,76819,6044],{"class":54},[36,76821,1355],{"class":50},[36,76823,76824,76826,76829,76831,76833,76835,76837],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,76825,3941],{"class":50},[36,76827,76828],{"class":54},"50",[36,76830,58],{"class":50},[36,76832,50882],{"class":54},[36,76834,58],{"class":50},[36,76836,645],{"class":54},[36,76838,1355],{"class":50},[14,76840,76841,76842,303],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[294,76843,76844],{"href":74840},"how to reverse a list in Python",[376,76846,76848],{"id":76847},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[14,76850,2886],{},[26,76852,76854],{"className":28,"code":76853,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[33,76855,76856,76876],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,76857,76858,76860,76862,76864,76866,76868,76870,76872,76874],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,76859,43],{"class":42},[36,76861,47],{"class":46},[36,76863,1333],{"class":50},[36,76865,55],{"class":54},[36,76867,58],{"class":50},[36,76869,61],{"class":54},[36,76871,58],{"class":50},[36,76873,66],{"class":54},[36,76875,1355],{"class":50},[36,76877,76878,76880,76882,76884,76886,76888],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,76879,142],{"class":141},[36,76881,145],{"class":50},[36,76883,149],{"class":148},[36,76885,74156],{"class":50},[36,76887,2166],{"class":54},[36,76889,115],{"class":50},[14,76891,76892,76893,76895,76896,76898],{},"Python raises a ",[33,76894,40740],{}," because a slice step of ",[33,76897,2166],{}," does not make sense.",[21,76900,76902],{"id":76901},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[14,76904,76905],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[376,76907,76909],{"id":76908},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[26,76911,76913],{"className":28,"code":76912,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[33,76914,76915,76939,76943],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,76916,76917,76919,76921,76923,76925,76927,76929,76931,76933,76935,76937],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,76918,43],{"class":42},[36,76920,47],{"class":46},[36,76922,1333],{"class":50},[36,76924,631],{"class":54},[36,76926,58],{"class":50},[36,76928,636],{"class":54},[36,76930,58],{"class":50},[36,76932,645],{"class":54},[36,76934,58],{"class":50},[36,76936,50882],{"class":54},[36,76938,1355],{"class":50},[36,76940,76941],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,76942,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,76944,76945,76947,76949,76951,76953,76955],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,76946,142],{"class":141},[36,76948,145],{"class":50},[36,76950,149],{"class":148},[36,76952,3941],{"class":50},[36,76954,481],{"class":54},[36,76956,115],{"class":50},[14,76958,182],{},[26,76960,76961],{"className":28,"code":69876,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,76962,76963],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,76964,76965],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,76966,69876],{"class":54},[376,76968,76970],{"id":76969},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[26,76972,76974],{"className":28,"code":76973,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[33,76975,76976,77000,77004],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,76977,76978,76980,76982,76984,76986,76988,76990,76992,76994,76996,76998],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,76979,43],{"class":42},[36,76981,47],{"class":46},[36,76983,1333],{"class":50},[36,76985,631],{"class":54},[36,76987,58],{"class":50},[36,76989,636],{"class":54},[36,76991,58],{"class":50},[36,76993,645],{"class":54},[36,76995,58],{"class":50},[36,76997,50882],{"class":54},[36,76999,1355],{"class":50},[36,77001,77002],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,77003,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,77005,77006,77008,77010,77012,77014,77016,77018,77020],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,77007,142],{"class":141},[36,77009,145],{"class":50},[36,77011,149],{"class":148},[36,77013,3941],{"class":50},[36,77015,481],{"class":54},[36,77017,1213],{"class":50},[36,77019,485],{"class":54},[36,77021,115],{"class":50},[14,77023,182],{},[26,77025,77027],{"className":28,"code":77026,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[30]\n",[33,77028,77029],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,77030,77031,77033,77035],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,77032,3941],{"class":50},[36,77034,36876],{"class":54},[36,77036,1355],{"class":50},[14,77038,13795],{},[246,77040,77041,77047],{},[249,77042,77043,77046],{},[33,77044,77045],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[249,77048,77049,77052],{},[33,77050,77051],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[14,77054,77055],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[246,77057,77058,77061],{},[249,77059,77060],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[249,77062,77063],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[14,77065,2257],{},[26,77067,77069],{"className":28,"code":77068,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[33,77070,77071,77091,77095],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,77072,77073,77075,77077,77079,77081,77083,77085,77087,77089],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,77074,43],{"class":42},[36,77076,47],{"class":46},[36,77078,1333],{"class":50},[36,77080,631],{"class":54},[36,77082,58],{"class":50},[36,77084,636],{"class":54},[36,77086,58],{"class":50},[36,77088,645],{"class":54},[36,77090,1355],{"class":50},[36,77092,77093],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,77094,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,77096,77097,77099,77101,77103,77105,77107,77109,77111],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,77098,142],{"class":141},[36,77100,145],{"class":50},[36,77102,149],{"class":148},[36,77104,3941],{"class":50},[36,77106,2183],{"class":54},[36,77108,1213],{"class":50},[36,77110,631],{"class":54},[36,77112,115],{"class":50},[14,77114,182],{},[26,77116,77117],{"className":28,"code":38333,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,77118,77119],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,77120,77121],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,77122,38333],{"class":50},[14,77124,77125],{},"But this would raise an error:",[26,77127,77129],{"className":28,"code":77128,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[33,77130,77131,77151,77155],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,77132,77133,77135,77137,77139,77141,77143,77145,77147,77149],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,77134,43],{"class":42},[36,77136,47],{"class":46},[36,77138,1333],{"class":50},[36,77140,631],{"class":54},[36,77142,58],{"class":50},[36,77144,636],{"class":54},[36,77146,58],{"class":50},[36,77148,645],{"class":54},[36,77150,1355],{"class":50},[36,77152,77153],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,77154,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,77156,77157,77159,77161,77163,77165,77167],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,77158,142],{"class":141},[36,77160,145],{"class":50},[36,77162,149],{"class":148},[36,77164,3941],{"class":50},[36,77166,2183],{"class":54},[36,77168,115],{"class":50},[14,77170,77171,77172,303],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[294,77173,69295],{"href":69294},[21,77175,15208],{"id":77176},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[14,77178,77179],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[246,77181,77182,77186,77188,77191,77197],{},[249,77183,4743,77184,75775],{},[33,77185,75460],{},[249,77187,60727],{},[249,77189,77190],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[249,77192,37239,77193,8741,77195],{},[33,77194,76095],{},[33,77196,73560],{},[249,77198,77199,77200,77202],{},"Using step ",[33,77201,2166],{},", which causes an error",[376,77204,77206],{"id":77205},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[26,77208,77210],{"className":28,"code":77209,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[33,77211,77212,77240],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,77213,77214,77216,77218,77220,77222,77224,77226,77228,77230,77232,77234,77236,77238],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,77215,43],{"class":42},[36,77217,47],{"class":46},[36,77219,1333],{"class":50},[36,77221,631],{"class":54},[36,77223,58],{"class":50},[36,77225,636],{"class":54},[36,77227,58],{"class":50},[36,77229,645],{"class":54},[36,77231,58],{"class":50},[36,77233,50882],{"class":54},[36,77235,58],{"class":50},[36,77237,5120],{"class":54},[36,77239,1355],{"class":50},[36,77241,77242,77244,77246,77248,77250,77252,77254,77256],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,77243,142],{"class":141},[36,77245,145],{"class":50},[36,77247,149],{"class":148},[36,77249,3941],{"class":50},[36,77251,55],{"class":54},[36,77253,1213],{"class":50},[36,77255,2554],{"class":54},[36,77257,115],{"class":50},[14,77259,77260],{},"This returns:",[26,77262,77264],{"className":28,"code":77263,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[33,77265,77266],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,77267,77268,77270,77272,77274,77276,77278,77280],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,77269,3941],{"class":50},[36,77271,15783],{"class":54},[36,77273,58],{"class":50},[36,77275,645],{"class":54},[36,77277,58],{"class":50},[36,77279,50882],{"class":54},[36,77281,1355],{"class":50},[14,77283,40942,77284,77286,77287,77289,77290,303],{},[180,77285,870],{}," include ",[33,77288,76828],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[33,77291,2554],{},[376,77293,77295],{"id":77294},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[14,77297,16673],{},[26,77299,77301],{"className":28,"code":77300,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[33,77302,77303,77323],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,77304,77305,77307,77309,77311,77313,77315,77317,77319,77321],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,77306,43],{"class":42},[36,77308,47],{"class":46},[36,77310,1333],{"class":50},[36,77312,631],{"class":54},[36,77314,58],{"class":50},[36,77316,636],{"class":54},[36,77318,58],{"class":50},[36,77320,645],{"class":54},[36,77322,1355],{"class":50},[36,77324,77325],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,77326,77327],{"class":1617},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[14,77329,77330],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[26,77332,77334],{"className":28,"code":77333,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[33,77335,77336],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,77337,77338,77340,77342,77344,77346,77348,77350,77352],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,77339,142],{"class":141},[36,77341,145],{"class":50},[36,77343,149],{"class":148},[36,77345,3941],{"class":50},[36,77347,55],{"class":54},[36,77349,1213],{"class":50},[36,77351,485],{"class":54},[36,77353,115],{"class":50},[376,77355,77357],{"id":77356},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[14,77359,77360],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[26,77362,77364],{"className":28,"code":77363,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,77365,77366,77390,77404,77408,77418],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,77367,77368,77370,77372,77374,77376,77378,77380,77382,77384,77386,77388],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,77369,43],{"class":42},[36,77371,47],{"class":46},[36,77373,1333],{"class":50},[36,77375,631],{"class":54},[36,77377,58],{"class":50},[36,77379,636],{"class":54},[36,77381,58],{"class":50},[36,77383,645],{"class":54},[36,77385,58],{"class":50},[36,77387,50882],{"class":54},[36,77389,1355],{"class":50},[36,77391,77392,77394,77396,77398,77400,77402],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,77393,75693],{"class":42},[36,77395,47],{"class":46},[36,77397,4301],{"class":42},[36,77399,75569],{"class":50},[36,77401,481],{"class":54},[36,77403,1355],{"class":50},[36,77405,77406],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,77407,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,77409,77410,77412,77414,77416],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,77411,142],{"class":141},[36,77413,145],{"class":50},[36,77415,75716],{"class":148},[36,77417,152],{"class":50},[36,77419,77420,77422,77424,77426],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,77421,142],{"class":141},[36,77423,145],{"class":50},[36,77425,149],{"class":148},[36,77427,152],{"class":50},[14,77429,182],{},[26,77431,77433],{"className":28,"code":77432,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[33,77434,77435,77447],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,77436,77437,77439,77441,77443,77445],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,77438,3941],{"class":50},[36,77440,631],{"class":54},[36,77442,58],{"class":50},[36,77444,636],{"class":54},[36,77446,1355],{"class":50},[36,77448,77449,77451,77453,77455,77457,77459,77461,77463,77465],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,77450,3941],{"class":50},[36,77452,631],{"class":54},[36,77454,58],{"class":50},[36,77456,636],{"class":54},[36,77458,58],{"class":50},[36,77460,645],{"class":54},[36,77462,58],{"class":50},[36,77464,50882],{"class":54},[36,77466,1355],{"class":50},[14,77468,77469],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[376,77471,77473,77474,8741,77476],{"id":77472},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[33,77475,76095],{},[33,77477,73560],{},[26,77479,77481],{"className":28,"code":77480,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,77482,77483,77503,77507,77524,77535],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,77484,77485,77487,77489,77491,77493,77495,77497,77499,77501],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,77486,43],{"class":42},[36,77488,47],{"class":46},[36,77490,1333],{"class":50},[36,77492,631],{"class":54},[36,77494,58],{"class":50},[36,77496,636],{"class":54},[36,77498,58],{"class":50},[36,77500,645],{"class":54},[36,77502,1355],{"class":50},[36,77504,77505],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,77506,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,77508,77509,77512,77514,77516,77518,77520,77522],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,77510,77511],{"class":42},"reversed_copy ",[36,77513,47],{"class":46},[36,77515,4301],{"class":42},[36,77517,74156],{"class":50},[36,77519,2070],{"class":46},[36,77521,55],{"class":54},[36,77523,1355],{"class":50},[36,77525,77526,77528,77530,77533],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,77527,142],{"class":141},[36,77529,145],{"class":50},[36,77531,77532],{"class":148},"reversed_copy",[36,77534,152],{"class":50},[36,77536,77537,77539,77541,77543],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,77538,142],{"class":141},[36,77540,145],{"class":50},[36,77542,149],{"class":148},[36,77544,152],{"class":50},[14,77546,182],{},[26,77548,77550],{"className":28,"code":77549,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[33,77551,77552,77568],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,77553,77554,77556,77558,77560,77562,77564,77566],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,77555,3941],{"class":50},[36,77557,36876],{"class":54},[36,77559,58],{"class":50},[36,77561,636],{"class":54},[36,77563,58],{"class":50},[36,77565,6044],{"class":54},[36,77567,1355],{"class":50},[36,77569,77570,77572,77574,77576,77578,77580,77582],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,77571,3941],{"class":50},[36,77573,631],{"class":54},[36,77575,58],{"class":50},[36,77577,636],{"class":54},[36,77579,58],{"class":50},[36,77581,645],{"class":54},[36,77583,1355],{"class":50},[14,77585,77586,77589],{},[33,77587,77588],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[14,77591,77592,77593,77596],{},"By contrast, ",[33,77594,77595],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[376,77598,77600],{"id":77599},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[14,77602,77603],{},"This is not allowed:",[26,77605,77607],{"className":28,"code":77606,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[33,77608,77609,77629],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,77610,77611,77613,77615,77617,77619,77621,77623,77625,77627],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,77612,43],{"class":42},[36,77614,47],{"class":46},[36,77616,1333],{"class":50},[36,77618,631],{"class":54},[36,77620,58],{"class":50},[36,77622,636],{"class":54},[36,77624,58],{"class":50},[36,77626,645],{"class":54},[36,77628,1355],{"class":50},[36,77630,77631],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,77632,77633],{"class":1617},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[14,77635,77636,77637,303],{},"Python will raise a ",[33,77638,40740],{},[21,77640,77642],{"id":77641},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[14,77644,77645],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[246,77647,77648,77655,77661,77664,77667],{},[249,77649,37239,77650,482,77652,77654],{},[33,77651,36109],{},[33,77653,75460],{}," positions",[249,77656,77657,77658,77660],{},"Assuming the ",[33,77659,75460],{}," index is included",[249,77662,77663],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[249,77665,77666],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[249,77668,77669],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[14,77671,77672],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[26,77674,77676],{"className":28,"code":77675,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[33,77677,77678,77688,77702,77720,77734,77751],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,77679,77680,77682,77684,77686],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,77681,142],{"class":141},[36,77683,145],{"class":50},[36,77685,8375],{"class":148},[36,77687,152],{"class":50},[36,77689,77690,77692,77694,77696,77698,77700],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,77691,142],{"class":141},[36,77693,145],{"class":50},[36,77695,438],{"class":141},[36,77697,145],{"class":50},[36,77699,8375],{"class":148},[36,77701,445],{"class":50},[36,77703,77704,77706,77708,77710,77712,77714,77716,77718],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,77705,142],{"class":141},[36,77707,145],{"class":50},[36,77709,8375],{"class":148},[36,77711,3941],{"class":50},[36,77713,55],{"class":54},[36,77715,1213],{"class":50},[36,77717,2554],{"class":54},[36,77719,115],{"class":50},[36,77721,77722,77724,77726,77728,77730,77732],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,77723,142],{"class":141},[36,77725,145],{"class":50},[36,77727,8375],{"class":148},[36,77729,75569],{"class":50},[36,77731,485],{"class":54},[36,77733,115],{"class":50},[36,77735,77736,77738,77740,77742,77744,77746,77748],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,77737,142],{"class":141},[36,77739,145],{"class":50},[36,77741,8375],{"class":148},[36,77743,3941],{"class":50},[36,77745,2070],{"class":46},[36,77747,485],{"class":54},[36,77749,77750],{"class":50},":])\n",[36,77752,77753,77755,77757,77759,77761,77763,77765],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,77754,142],{"class":141},[36,77756,145],{"class":50},[36,77758,8375],{"class":148},[36,77760,74156],{"class":50},[36,77762,2070],{"class":46},[36,77764,55],{"class":54},[36,77766,115],{"class":50},[14,77768,1462,77769,77771,77772,77776],{},[33,77770,42398],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[294,77773,77775],{"href":77774},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[21,77778,1872],{"id":1871},[376,77780,77782],{"id":77781},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[14,77784,77785],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[376,77787,77789],{"id":77788},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[14,77791,77792],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[376,77794,5182,77796,39997],{"id":77795},"what-does-list-1-do",[33,77797,76095],{},[14,77799,77800],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[376,77802,77804,77805,2541],{"id":77803},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[33,77806,70767],{},[14,77808,77809],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[21,77811,1923],{"id":1922},[246,77813,77814,77819,77824,77828,77832,77836],{},[249,77815,77816],{},[294,77817,77818],{"href":51018},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[249,77820,77821],{},[294,77822,77823],{"href":57191},"How to create a list in Python",[249,77825,77826],{},[294,77827,14998],{"href":57257},[249,77829,77830],{},[294,77831,74841],{"href":74840},[249,77833,77834],{},[294,77835,77775],{"href":77774},[249,77837,77838],{},[294,77839,69295],{"href":69294},[14,77841,77842,77843,77845],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[33,77844,42398],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1962,77847,77848],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":77850},[77851,77852,77853,77854,77855,77856,77859,77863,77871,77872,77880],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":75624,"depth":72,"text":75625},{"id":75787,"depth":72,"text":75788},{"id":76049,"depth":72,"text":76050},{"id":76343,"depth":72,"text":76344},{"id":76589,"depth":72,"text":76590,"children":77857},[77858],{"id":76847,"depth":118,"text":76848},{"id":76901,"depth":72,"text":76902,"children":77860},[77861,77862],{"id":76908,"depth":118,"text":76909},{"id":76969,"depth":118,"text":76970},{"id":77176,"depth":72,"text":15208,"children":77864},[77865,77866,77867,77868,77870],{"id":77205,"depth":118,"text":77206},{"id":77294,"depth":118,"text":77295},{"id":77356,"depth":118,"text":77357},{"id":77472,"depth":118,"text":77869},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77599,"depth":118,"text":77600},{"id":77641,"depth":72,"text":77642},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":77873},[77874,77875,77876,77878],{"id":77781,"depth":118,"text":77782},{"id":77788,"depth":118,"text":77789},{"id":77795,"depth":118,"text":77877},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77803,"depth":118,"text":77879},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75447,"description":77881},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77888,"title":77889,"body":77890,"description":79959,"extension":2009,"meta":79960,"navigation":134,"path":79961,"seo":79962,"stem":79963,"__hash__":79964},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77891,"toc":79925},[77892,77897,77903,77909,77911,77958,77965,77970,77974,77989,77992,78045,78047,78072,78077,78079,78111,78114,78130,78132,78193,78195,78220,78224,78229,78282,78284,78309,78314,78375,78377,78402,78405,78412,78416,78419,78480,78482,78515,78518,78579,78581,78614,78620,78693,78695,78727,78734,78739,78744,78746,78758,78761,78839,78841,78882,78885,78959,78961,78994,78999,79006,79013,79017,79026,79030,79038,79040,79107,79109,79145,79150,79161,79163,79168,79173,79175,79238,79240,79265,79272,79277,79281,79284,79324,79329,79335,79340,79342,79369,79374,79377,79424,79426,79483,79490,79495,79501,79570,79574,79577,79640,79642,79675,79680,79682,79685,79766,79768,79792,79798,79800,79805,79809,79816,79824,79828,79830,79853,79857,79859,79886,79889,79896,79899,79901,79922],[10,77893,54381,77895,11352],{"id":77894},"python-list-sort-method",[33,77896,64347],{},[14,77898,77899,77902],{},[33,77900,77901],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[14,77904,77905,77906,77908],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[33,77907,64347],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[21,77910,2051],{"id":2050},[26,77912,77914],{"className":28,"code":77913,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[33,77915,77916,77936,77946],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,77917,77918,77920,77922,77924,77926,77928,77930,77932,77934],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,77919,43],{"class":42},[36,77921,47],{"class":46},[36,77923,1333],{"class":50},[36,77925,485],{"class":54},[36,77927,58],{"class":50},[36,77929,1340],{"class":54},[36,77931,58],{"class":50},[36,77933,61],{"class":54},[36,77935,1355],{"class":50},[36,77937,77938,77940,77942,77944],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,77939,149],{"class":42},[36,77941,303],{"class":50},[36,77943,34834],{"class":148},[36,77945,128],{"class":50},[36,77947,77948,77950,77952,77954,77956],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,77949,142],{"class":141},[36,77951,145],{"class":50},[36,77953,149],{"class":148},[36,77955,3703],{"class":50},[36,77957,54971],{"class":1617},[14,77959,495,77960,77962,77963,303],{},[33,77961,77901],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[33,77964,3822],{},[21,77966,3720,77968,3723],{"id":77967},"what-listsort-does",[33,77969,77901],{},[14,77971,77972,1213],{},[33,77973,77901],{},[246,77975,77976,77979,77982,77986],{},[249,77977,77978],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[249,77980,77981],{},"Changes the original list",[249,77983,11454,77984],{},[33,77985,3822],{},[249,77987,77988],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[14,77990,77991],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[26,77993,77995],{"className":28,"code":77994,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,77996,77997,78021,78031,78035],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,77998,77999,78001,78003,78005,78007,78009,78011,78013,78015,78017,78019],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,78000,43],{"class":42},[36,78002,47],{"class":46},[36,78004,1333],{"class":50},[36,78006,2183],{"class":54},[36,78008,58],{"class":50},[36,78010,61],{"class":54},[36,78012,58],{"class":50},[36,78014,54175],{"class":54},[36,78016,58],{"class":50},[36,78018,1340],{"class":54},[36,78020,1355],{"class":50},[36,78022,78023,78025,78027,78029],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,78024,149],{"class":42},[36,78026,303],{"class":50},[36,78028,34834],{"class":148},[36,78030,128],{"class":50},[36,78032,78033],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,78034,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,78036,78037,78039,78041,78043],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,78038,142],{"class":141},[36,78040,145],{"class":50},[36,78042,149],{"class":148},[36,78044,152],{"class":50},[14,78046,182],{},[26,78048,78050],{"className":28,"code":78049,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[33,78051,78052],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,78053,78054,78056,78058,78060,78062,78064,78066,78068,78070],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,78055,3941],{"class":50},[36,78057,55],{"class":54},[36,78059,58],{"class":50},[36,78061,61],{"class":54},[36,78063,58],{"class":50},[36,78065,4644],{"class":54},[36,78067,58],{"class":50},[36,78069,54175],{"class":54},[36,78071,1355],{"class":50},[14,78073,78074,78075,303],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[294,78076,67113],{"href":51018},[21,78078,2205],{"id":2204},[26,78080,78082],{"className":28,"code":78081,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[33,78083,78084],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,78085,78086,78088,78090,78092,78094,78096,78098,78100,78102,78105,78107,78109],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,78087,8375],{"class":42},[36,78089,303],{"class":50},[36,78091,34834],{"class":148},[36,78093,145],{"class":50},[36,78095,14874],{"class":9210},[36,78097,47],{"class":46},[36,78099,3822],{"class":1143},[36,78101,58],{"class":50},[36,78103,78104],{"class":9210}," reverse",[36,78106,47],{"class":46},[36,78108,3716],{"class":1143},[36,78110,152],{"class":50},[14,78112,78113],{},"Main arguments:",[246,78115,78116,78121,78127],{},[249,78117,78118,78120],{},[33,78119,14874],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[249,78122,78123,78126],{},[33,78124,78125],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[249,78128,78129],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[14,78131,2257],{},[26,78133,78135],{"className":28,"code":78134,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,78136,78137,78161,78179,78183],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,78138,78139,78141,78143,78145,78147,78149,78151,78153,78155,78157,78159],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,78140,43],{"class":42},[36,78142,47],{"class":46},[36,78144,1333],{"class":50},[36,78146,2554],{"class":54},[36,78148,58],{"class":50},[36,78150,1340],{"class":54},[36,78152,58],{"class":50},[36,78154,6033],{"class":54},[36,78156,58],{"class":50},[36,78158,61],{"class":54},[36,78160,1355],{"class":50},[36,78162,78163,78165,78167,78169,78171,78173,78175,78177],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,78164,149],{"class":42},[36,78166,303],{"class":50},[36,78168,34834],{"class":148},[36,78170,145],{"class":50},[36,78172,73611],{"class":9210},[36,78174,47],{"class":46},[36,78176,3649],{"class":1143},[36,78178,152],{"class":50},[36,78180,78181],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,78182,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,78184,78185,78187,78189,78191],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,78186,142],{"class":141},[36,78188,145],{"class":50},[36,78190,149],{"class":148},[36,78192,152],{"class":50},[14,78194,182],{},[26,78196,78198],{"className":28,"code":78197,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[33,78199,78200],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,78201,78202,78204,78206,78208,78210,78212,78214,78216,78218],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,78203,3941],{"class":50},[36,78205,2073],{"class":54},[36,78207,58],{"class":50},[36,78209,559],{"class":54},[36,78211,58],{"class":50},[36,78213,61],{"class":54},[36,78215,58],{"class":50},[36,78217,1340],{"class":54},[36,78219,1355],{"class":50},[21,78221,78223],{"id":78222},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[14,78225,495,78226,78228],{},[33,78227,64347],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[26,78230,78232],{"className":28,"code":78231,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,78233,78234,78258,78268,78272],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,78235,78236,78238,78240,78242,78244,78246,78248,78250,78252,78254,78256],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,78237,43],{"class":42},[36,78239,47],{"class":46},[36,78241,1333],{"class":50},[36,78243,631],{"class":54},[36,78245,58],{"class":50},[36,78247,66],{"class":54},[36,78249,58],{"class":50},[36,78251,6399],{"class":54},[36,78253,58],{"class":50},[36,78255,1340],{"class":54},[36,78257,1355],{"class":50},[36,78259,78260,78262,78264,78266],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,78261,149],{"class":42},[36,78263,303],{"class":50},[36,78265,34834],{"class":148},[36,78267,128],{"class":50},[36,78269,78270],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,78271,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,78273,78274,78276,78278,78280],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,78275,142],{"class":141},[36,78277,145],{"class":50},[36,78279,149],{"class":148},[36,78281,152],{"class":50},[14,78283,182],{},[26,78285,78287],{"className":28,"code":78286,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[33,78288,78289],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,78290,78291,78293,78295,78297,78299,78301,78303,78305,78307],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,78292,3941],{"class":50},[36,78294,55],{"class":54},[36,78296,58],{"class":50},[36,78298,66],{"class":54},[36,78300,58],{"class":50},[36,78302,6399],{"class":54},[36,78304,58],{"class":50},[36,78306,6044],{"class":54},[36,78308,1355],{"class":50},[14,78310,495,78311,78313],{},[33,78312,78125],{}," for descending order:",[26,78315,78317],{"className":28,"code":78316,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,78318,78319,78343,78361,78365],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,78320,78321,78323,78325,78327,78329,78331,78333,78335,78337,78339,78341],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,78322,43],{"class":42},[36,78324,47],{"class":46},[36,78326,1333],{"class":50},[36,78328,631],{"class":54},[36,78330,58],{"class":50},[36,78332,66],{"class":54},[36,78334,58],{"class":50},[36,78336,6399],{"class":54},[36,78338,58],{"class":50},[36,78340,1340],{"class":54},[36,78342,1355],{"class":50},[36,78344,78345,78347,78349,78351,78353,78355,78357,78359],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,78346,149],{"class":42},[36,78348,303],{"class":50},[36,78350,34834],{"class":148},[36,78352,145],{"class":50},[36,78354,73611],{"class":9210},[36,78356,47],{"class":46},[36,78358,3649],{"class":1143},[36,78360,152],{"class":50},[36,78362,78363],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,78364,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,78366,78367,78369,78371,78373],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,78368,142],{"class":141},[36,78370,145],{"class":50},[36,78372,149],{"class":148},[36,78374,152],{"class":50},[14,78376,182],{},[26,78378,78380],{"className":28,"code":78379,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[33,78381,78382],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,78383,78384,78386,78388,78390,78392,78394,78396,78398,78400],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,78385,3941],{"class":50},[36,78387,631],{"class":54},[36,78389,58],{"class":50},[36,78391,6399],{"class":54},[36,78393,58],{"class":50},[36,78395,66],{"class":54},[36,78397,58],{"class":50},[36,78399,1340],{"class":54},[36,78401,1355],{"class":50},[14,78403,78404],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[14,78406,78407,78408,303],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[294,78409,78411],{"href":78410},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[21,78413,78415],{"id":78414},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[14,78417,78418],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[26,78420,78422],{"className":28,"code":78421,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[33,78423,78424,78456,78466,78470],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,78425,78426,78428,78430,78432,78434,78436,78438,78440,78442,78444,78446,78448,78450,78452,78454],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,78427,75],{"class":42},[36,78429,47],{"class":46},[36,78431,1333],{"class":50},[36,78433,88],{"class":87},[36,78435,102],{"class":91},[36,78437,88],{"class":87},[36,78439,58],{"class":50},[36,78441,99],{"class":87},[36,78443,92],{"class":91},[36,78445,88],{"class":87},[36,78447,58],{"class":50},[36,78449,99],{"class":87},[36,78451,4135],{"class":91},[36,78453,88],{"class":87},[36,78455,1355],{"class":50},[36,78457,78458,78460,78462,78464],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,78459,162],{"class":42},[36,78461,303],{"class":50},[36,78463,34834],{"class":148},[36,78465,128],{"class":50},[36,78467,78468],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,78469,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,78471,78472,78474,78476,78478],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,78473,142],{"class":141},[36,78475,145],{"class":50},[36,78477,162],{"class":148},[36,78479,152],{"class":50},[14,78481,182],{},[26,78483,78485],{"className":28,"code":78484,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[33,78486,78487],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,78488,78489,78491,78493,78495,78497,78499,78501,78503,78505,78507,78509,78511,78513],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,78490,3941],{"class":50},[36,78492,211],{"class":87},[36,78494,92],{"class":91},[36,78496,211],{"class":87},[36,78498,58],{"class":50},[36,78500,220],{"class":87},[36,78502,102],{"class":91},[36,78504,211],{"class":87},[36,78506,58],{"class":50},[36,78508,220],{"class":87},[36,78510,4135],{"class":91},[36,78512,211],{"class":87},[36,78514,1355],{"class":50},[14,78516,78517],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[26,78519,78521],{"className":28,"code":78520,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[33,78522,78523,78555,78565,78569],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,78524,78525,78527,78529,78531,78533,78535,78537,78539,78541,78543,78545,78547,78549,78551,78553],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,78526,75],{"class":42},[36,78528,47],{"class":46},[36,78530,1333],{"class":50},[36,78532,88],{"class":87},[36,78534,102],{"class":91},[36,78536,88],{"class":87},[36,78538,58],{"class":50},[36,78540,99],{"class":87},[36,78542,57806],{"class":91},[36,78544,88],{"class":87},[36,78546,58],{"class":50},[36,78548,99],{"class":87},[36,78550,4135],{"class":91},[36,78552,88],{"class":87},[36,78554,1355],{"class":50},[36,78556,78557,78559,78561,78563],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,78558,162],{"class":42},[36,78560,303],{"class":50},[36,78562,34834],{"class":148},[36,78564,128],{"class":50},[36,78566,78567],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,78568,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,78570,78571,78573,78575,78577],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,78572,142],{"class":141},[36,78574,145],{"class":50},[36,78576,162],{"class":148},[36,78578,152],{"class":50},[14,78580,182],{},[26,78582,78584],{"className":28,"code":78583,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[33,78585,78586],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,78587,78588,78590,78592,78594,78596,78598,78600,78602,78604,78606,78608,78610,78612],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,78589,3941],{"class":50},[36,78591,211],{"class":87},[36,78593,57806],{"class":91},[36,78595,211],{"class":87},[36,78597,58],{"class":50},[36,78599,220],{"class":87},[36,78601,102],{"class":91},[36,78603,211],{"class":87},[36,78605,58],{"class":50},[36,78607,220],{"class":87},[36,78609,4135],{"class":91},[36,78611,211],{"class":87},[36,78613,1355],{"class":50},[14,78615,78616,78617,1213],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[33,78618,78619],{},"key=str.lower",[26,78621,78623],{"className":28,"code":78622,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[33,78624,78625,78657,78679,78683],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,78626,78627,78629,78631,78633,78635,78637,78639,78641,78643,78645,78647,78649,78651,78653,78655],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,78628,75],{"class":42},[36,78630,47],{"class":46},[36,78632,1333],{"class":50},[36,78634,88],{"class":87},[36,78636,102],{"class":91},[36,78638,88],{"class":87},[36,78640,58],{"class":50},[36,78642,99],{"class":87},[36,78644,57806],{"class":91},[36,78646,88],{"class":87},[36,78648,58],{"class":50},[36,78650,99],{"class":87},[36,78652,4135],{"class":91},[36,78654,88],{"class":87},[36,78656,1355],{"class":50},[36,78658,78659,78661,78663,78665,78667,78669,78671,78673,78675,78677],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,78660,162],{"class":42},[36,78662,303],{"class":50},[36,78664,34834],{"class":148},[36,78666,145],{"class":50},[36,78668,14874],{"class":9210},[36,78670,47],{"class":46},[36,78672,3488],{"class":80},[36,78674,303],{"class":50},[36,78676,8677],{"class":24783},[36,78678,152],{"class":50},[36,78680,78681],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,78682,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,78684,78685,78687,78689,78691],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,78686,142],{"class":141},[36,78688,145],{"class":50},[36,78690,162],{"class":148},[36,78692,152],{"class":50},[14,78694,182],{},[26,78696,78697],{"className":28,"code":78583,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,78698,78699],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,78700,78701,78703,78705,78707,78709,78711,78713,78715,78717,78719,78721,78723,78725],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,78702,3941],{"class":50},[36,78704,211],{"class":87},[36,78706,57806],{"class":91},[36,78708,211],{"class":87},[36,78710,58],{"class":50},[36,78712,220],{"class":87},[36,78714,102],{"class":91},[36,78716,211],{"class":87},[36,78718,58],{"class":50},[36,78720,220],{"class":87},[36,78722,4135],{"class":91},[36,78724,211],{"class":87},[36,78726,1355],{"class":50},[14,78728,78729,78730,78733],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[33,78731,78732],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[21,78735,36647,78737,36650],{"id":78736},"using-the-key-argument",[33,78738,14874],{},[14,78740,2026,78741,78743],{},[33,78742,14874],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[14,78745,7382],{},[246,78747,78748,78753],{},[249,78749,78750,78752],{},[33,78751,438],{}," to sort by length",[249,78754,78755,78757],{},[33,78756,78732],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[14,78759,78760],{},"Sort words by length:",[26,78762,78764],{"className":28,"code":78763,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[33,78765,78766,78807,78825,78829],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,78767,78768,78770,78772,78774,78776,78779,78781,78783,78785,78787,78789,78791,78793,78795,78797,78799,78801,78803,78805],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,78769,75],{"class":42},[36,78771,47],{"class":46},[36,78773,1333],{"class":50},[36,78775,88],{"class":87},[36,78777,78778],{"class":91},"pear",[36,78780,88],{"class":87},[36,78782,58],{"class":50},[36,78784,99],{"class":87},[36,78786,102],{"class":91},[36,78788,88],{"class":87},[36,78790,58],{"class":50},[36,78792,99],{"class":87},[36,78794,38394],{"class":91},[36,78796,88],{"class":87},[36,78798,58],{"class":50},[36,78800,99],{"class":87},[36,78802,92],{"class":91},[36,78804,88],{"class":87},[36,78806,1355],{"class":50},[36,78808,78809,78811,78813,78815,78817,78819,78821,78823],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,78810,162],{"class":42},[36,78812,303],{"class":50},[36,78814,34834],{"class":148},[36,78816,145],{"class":50},[36,78818,14874],{"class":9210},[36,78820,47],{"class":46},[36,78822,438],{"class":141},[36,78824,152],{"class":50},[36,78826,78827],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,78828,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,78830,78831,78833,78835,78837],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,78832,142],{"class":141},[36,78834,145],{"class":50},[36,78836,162],{"class":148},[36,78838,152],{"class":50},[14,78840,182],{},[26,78842,78844],{"className":28,"code":78843,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[33,78845,78846],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,78847,78848,78850,78852,78854,78856,78858,78860,78862,78864,78866,78868,78870,78872,78874,78876,78878,78880],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,78849,3941],{"class":50},[36,78851,211],{"class":87},[36,78853,38394],{"class":91},[36,78855,211],{"class":87},[36,78857,58],{"class":50},[36,78859,220],{"class":87},[36,78861,78778],{"class":91},[36,78863,211],{"class":87},[36,78865,58],{"class":50},[36,78867,220],{"class":87},[36,78869,92],{"class":91},[36,78871,211],{"class":87},[36,78873,58],{"class":50},[36,78875,220],{"class":87},[36,78877,102],{"class":91},[36,78879,211],{"class":87},[36,78881,1355],{"class":50},[14,78883,78884],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[26,78886,78888],{"className":28,"code":78887,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[33,78889,78890,78923,78945,78949],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,78891,78892,78894,78896,78898,78900,78902,78904,78906,78908,78910,78912,78914,78916,78919,78921],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,78893,75],{"class":42},[36,78895,47],{"class":46},[36,78897,1333],{"class":50},[36,78899,88],{"class":87},[36,78901,5052],{"class":91},[36,78903,88],{"class":87},[36,78905,58],{"class":50},[36,78907,99],{"class":87},[36,78909,17834],{"class":91},[36,78911,88],{"class":87},[36,78913,58],{"class":50},[36,78915,99],{"class":87},[36,78917,78918],{"class":91},"Carol",[36,78920,88],{"class":87},[36,78922,1355],{"class":50},[36,78924,78925,78927,78929,78931,78933,78935,78937,78939,78941,78943],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,78926,162],{"class":42},[36,78928,303],{"class":50},[36,78930,34834],{"class":148},[36,78932,145],{"class":50},[36,78934,14874],{"class":9210},[36,78936,47],{"class":46},[36,78938,3488],{"class":80},[36,78940,303],{"class":50},[36,78942,8677],{"class":24783},[36,78944,152],{"class":50},[36,78946,78947],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,78948,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,78950,78951,78953,78955,78957],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,78952,142],{"class":141},[36,78954,145],{"class":50},[36,78956,162],{"class":148},[36,78958,152],{"class":50},[14,78960,182],{},[26,78962,78964],{"className":28,"code":78963,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[33,78965,78966],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,78967,78968,78970,78972,78974,78976,78978,78980,78982,78984,78986,78988,78990,78992],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,78969,3941],{"class":50},[36,78971,211],{"class":87},[36,78973,17834],{"class":91},[36,78975,211],{"class":87},[36,78977,58],{"class":50},[36,78979,220],{"class":87},[36,78981,5052],{"class":91},[36,78983,211],{"class":87},[36,78985,58],{"class":50},[36,78987,220],{"class":87},[36,78989,78918],{"class":91},[36,78991,211],{"class":87},[36,78993,1355],{"class":50},[14,78995,2026,78996,78998],{},[33,78997,14874],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[21,79000,79002,10615,79004],{"id":79001},"listsort-vs-sorted",[33,79003,77901],{},[33,79005,74458],{},[14,79007,79008,482,79010,79012],{},[33,79009,77901],{},[33,79011,74458],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[14,79014,79015,1213],{},[33,79016,77901],{},[246,79018,79019,79022],{},[249,79020,79021],{},"Changes the existing list",[249,79023,11454,79024],{},[33,79025,3822],{},[14,79027,79028,1213],{},[33,79029,74458],{},[246,79031,79032,79035],{},[249,79033,79034],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[249,79036,79037],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[14,79039,2257],{},[26,79041,79043],{"className":28,"code":79042,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[33,79044,79045,79065,79069,79083,79087,79097],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,79046,79047,79049,79051,79053,79055,79057,79059,79061,79063],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,79048,43],{"class":42},[36,79050,47],{"class":46},[36,79052,1333],{"class":50},[36,79054,485],{"class":54},[36,79056,58],{"class":50},[36,79058,1340],{"class":54},[36,79060,58],{"class":50},[36,79062,61],{"class":54},[36,79064,1355],{"class":50},[36,79066,79067],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,79068,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,79070,79071,79073,79075,79077,79079,79081],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,79072,55929],{"class":42},[36,79074,47],{"class":46},[36,79076,74592],{"class":141},[36,79078,145],{"class":50},[36,79080,149],{"class":148},[36,79082,152],{"class":50},[36,79084,79085],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,79086,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,79088,79089,79091,79093,79095],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,79090,142],{"class":141},[36,79092,145],{"class":50},[36,79094,149],{"class":148},[36,79096,152],{"class":50},[36,79098,79099,79101,79103,79105],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,79100,142],{"class":141},[36,79102,145],{"class":50},[36,79104,74315],{"class":148},[36,79106,152],{"class":50},[14,79108,182],{},[26,79110,79111],{"className":28,"code":74627,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,79112,79113,79129],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,79114,79115,79117,79119,79121,79123,79125,79127],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,79116,3941],{"class":50},[36,79118,485],{"class":54},[36,79120,58],{"class":50},[36,79122,1340],{"class":54},[36,79124,58],{"class":50},[36,79126,61],{"class":54},[36,79128,1355],{"class":50},[36,79130,79131,79133,79135,79137,79139,79141,79143],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,79132,3941],{"class":50},[36,79134,55],{"class":54},[36,79136,58],{"class":50},[36,79138,61],{"class":54},[36,79140,58],{"class":50},[36,79142,66],{"class":54},[36,79144,1355],{"class":50},[14,79146,495,79147,79149],{},[33,79148,74458],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[14,79151,79152,79153,482,79157,303],{},"You can learn more in ",[294,79154,1935,79155,5822],{"href":74555},[33,79156,74458],{},[294,79158,79160],{"href":79159},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[21,79162,1455],{"id":1454},[14,79164,79165,79166,303],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[33,79167,77901],{},[376,79169,12625,79171],{"id":79170},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[33,79172,64347],{},[14,79174,25724],{},[26,79176,79178],{"className":28,"code":79177,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,79179,79180,79200,79214,79218,79228],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,79181,79182,79184,79186,79188,79190,79192,79194,79196,79198],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,79183,43],{"class":42},[36,79185,47],{"class":46},[36,79187,1333],{"class":50},[36,79189,485],{"class":54},[36,79191,58],{"class":50},[36,79193,1340],{"class":54},[36,79195,58],{"class":50},[36,79197,61],{"class":54},[36,79199,1355],{"class":50},[36,79201,79202,79204,79206,79208,79210,79212],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,79203,2280],{"class":42},[36,79205,47],{"class":46},[36,79207,4301],{"class":42},[36,79209,303],{"class":50},[36,79211,34834],{"class":148},[36,79213,128],{"class":50},[36,79215,79216],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,79217,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,79219,79220,79222,79224,79226],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,79221,142],{"class":141},[36,79223,145],{"class":50},[36,79225,2315],{"class":148},[36,79227,152],{"class":50},[36,79229,79230,79232,79234,79236],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,79231,142],{"class":141},[36,79233,145],{"class":50},[36,79235,149],{"class":148},[36,79237,152],{"class":50},[14,79239,182],{},[26,79241,79243],{"className":28,"code":79242,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[33,79244,79245,79249],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,79246,79247],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,79248,11838],{"class":1143},[36,79250,79251,79253,79255,79257,79259,79261,79263],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,79252,3941],{"class":50},[36,79254,55],{"class":54},[36,79256,58],{"class":50},[36,79258,61],{"class":54},[36,79260,58],{"class":50},[36,79262,66],{"class":54},[36,79264,1355],{"class":50},[14,79266,79267,79269,79270,303],{},[33,79268,64347],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[33,79271,3822],{},[14,79273,79274,79275,1524],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[33,79276,74458],{},[376,79278,79280],{"id":79279},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[14,79282,79283],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[26,79285,79287],{"className":28,"code":79286,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[33,79288,79289,79314],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,79290,79291,79293,79295,79297,79299,79301,79303,79306,79308,79310,79312],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,79292,1328],{"class":42},[36,79294,47],{"class":46},[36,79296,1333],{"class":50},[36,79298,55],{"class":54},[36,79300,58],{"class":50},[36,79302,99],{"class":87},[36,79304,79305],{"class":91},"two",[36,79307,88],{"class":87},[36,79309,58],{"class":50},[36,79311,66],{"class":54},[36,79313,1355],{"class":50},[36,79315,79316,79318,79320,79322],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,79317,1369],{"class":42},[36,79319,303],{"class":50},[36,79321,34834],{"class":148},[36,79323,128],{"class":50},[14,79325,3050,79326,79328],{},[33,79327,1210],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[376,79330,4743,79332,79334],{"id":79331},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[33,79333,64347],{}," only works on lists",[14,79336,79337,79339],{},[33,79338,64347],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[14,79341,16673],{},[26,79343,79345],{"className":28,"code":79344,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[33,79346,79347,79359],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,79348,79349,79351,79353,79355,79357],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,79350,34722],{"class":42},[36,79352,47],{"class":46},[36,79354,99],{"class":87},[36,79356,30],{"class":91},[36,79358,3403],{"class":87},[36,79360,79361,79363,79365,79367],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,79362,34743],{"class":42},[36,79364,303],{"class":50},[36,79366,34834],{"class":148},[36,79368,128],{"class":50},[14,79370,79371,79372,33634],{},"Strings do not have a ",[33,79373,64347],{},[14,79375,79376],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[26,79378,79380],{"className":28,"code":79379,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[33,79381,79382,79400,79410,79414],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,79383,79384,79386,79388,79390,79392,79394,79396,79398],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,79385,697],{"class":42},[36,79387,47],{"class":46},[36,79389,22592],{"class":80},[36,79391,145],{"class":50},[36,79393,88],{"class":87},[36,79395,30],{"class":91},[36,79397,88],{"class":87},[36,79399,152],{"class":50},[36,79401,79402,79404,79406,79408],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,79403,721],{"class":42},[36,79405,303],{"class":50},[36,79407,34834],{"class":148},[36,79409,128],{"class":50},[36,79411,79412],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,79413,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,79415,79416,79418,79420,79422],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,79417,142],{"class":141},[36,79419,145],{"class":50},[36,79421,721],{"class":148},[36,79423,152],{"class":50},[14,79425,182],{},[26,79427,79429],{"className":28,"code":79428,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[33,79430,79431],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,79432,79433,79435,79437,79439,79441,79443,79445,79447,79449,79451,79453,79455,79457,79459,79461,79463,79465,79467,79469,79471,79473,79475,79477,79479,79481],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,79434,3941],{"class":50},[36,79436,211],{"class":87},[36,79438,741],{"class":91},[36,79440,211],{"class":87},[36,79442,58],{"class":50},[36,79444,220],{"class":87},[36,79446,76064],{"class":91},[36,79448,211],{"class":87},[36,79450,58],{"class":50},[36,79452,220],{"class":87},[36,79454,768],{"class":91},[36,79456,211],{"class":87},[36,79458,58],{"class":50},[36,79460,220],{"class":87},[36,79462,14],{"class":91},[36,79464,211],{"class":87},[36,79466,58],{"class":50},[36,79468,220],{"class":87},[36,79470,63322],{"class":91},[36,79472,211],{"class":87},[36,79474,58],{"class":50},[36,79476,220],{"class":87},[36,79478,11775],{"class":91},[36,79480,211],{"class":87},[36,79482,1355],{"class":50},[376,79484,79486,79487,79489],{"id":79485},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[33,79488,14874],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[14,79491,79492,79493,303],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[33,79494,14874],{},[14,79496,79497,79498,79500],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[33,79499,64347],{}," will not do that:",[26,79502,79504],{"className":28,"code":79503,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[33,79505,79506,79538,79556,79560],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,79507,79508,79510,79512,79514,79516,79518,79520,79522,79524,79526,79528,79530,79532,79534,79536],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,79509,75],{"class":42},[36,79511,47],{"class":46},[36,79513,1333],{"class":50},[36,79515,88],{"class":87},[36,79517,102],{"class":91},[36,79519,88],{"class":87},[36,79521,58],{"class":50},[36,79523,99],{"class":87},[36,79525,38394],{"class":91},[36,79527,88],{"class":87},[36,79529,58],{"class":50},[36,79531,99],{"class":87},[36,79533,92],{"class":91},[36,79535,88],{"class":87},[36,79537,1355],{"class":50},[36,79539,79540,79542,79544,79546,79548,79550,79552,79554],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,79541,162],{"class":42},[36,79543,303],{"class":50},[36,79545,34834],{"class":148},[36,79547,145],{"class":50},[36,79549,14874],{"class":9210},[36,79551,47],{"class":46},[36,79553,438],{"class":141},[36,79555,152],{"class":50},[36,79557,79558],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,79559,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,79561,79562,79564,79566,79568],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,79563,142],{"class":141},[36,79565,145],{"class":50},[36,79567,162],{"class":148},[36,79569,152],{"class":50},[376,79571,79573],{"id":79572},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[14,79575,79576],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[26,79578,79580],{"className":28,"code":79579,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[33,79581,79582,79616,79626,79630],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,79583,79584,79586,79588,79590,79592,79595,79597,79599,79601,79603,79605,79607,79609,79612,79614],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,79585,75],{"class":42},[36,79587,47],{"class":46},[36,79589,1333],{"class":50},[36,79591,88],{"class":87},[36,79593,79594],{"class":91},"zebra",[36,79596,88],{"class":87},[36,79598,58],{"class":50},[36,79600,99],{"class":87},[36,79602,57806],{"class":91},[36,79604,88],{"class":87},[36,79606,58],{"class":50},[36,79608,99],{"class":87},[36,79610,79611],{"class":91},"monkey",[36,79613,88],{"class":87},[36,79615,1355],{"class":50},[36,79617,79618,79620,79622,79624],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,79619,162],{"class":42},[36,79621,303],{"class":50},[36,79623,34834],{"class":148},[36,79625,128],{"class":50},[36,79627,79628],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,79629,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,79631,79632,79634,79636,79638],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,79633,142],{"class":141},[36,79635,145],{"class":50},[36,79637,162],{"class":148},[36,79639,152],{"class":50},[14,79641,182],{},[26,79643,79645],{"className":28,"code":79644,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[33,79646,79647],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,79648,79649,79651,79653,79655,79657,79659,79661,79663,79665,79667,79669,79671,79673],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,79650,3941],{"class":50},[36,79652,211],{"class":87},[36,79654,57806],{"class":91},[36,79656,211],{"class":87},[36,79658,58],{"class":50},[36,79660,220],{"class":87},[36,79662,79611],{"class":91},[36,79664,211],{"class":87},[36,79666,58],{"class":50},[36,79668,220],{"class":87},[36,79670,79594],{"class":91},[36,79672,211],{"class":87},[36,79674,1355],{"class":50},[14,79676,495,79677,79679],{},[33,79678,78619],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[376,79681,60745],{"id":60744},[14,79683,79684],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[26,79686,79688],{"className":28,"code":79687,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[33,79689,79690,79700,79714,79728,79742],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,79691,79692,79694,79696,79698],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,79693,142],{"class":141},[36,79695,145],{"class":50},[36,79697,8375],{"class":148},[36,79699,152],{"class":50},[36,79701,79702,79704,79706,79708,79710,79712],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,79703,142],{"class":141},[36,79705,145],{"class":50},[36,79707,818],{"class":80},[36,79709,145],{"class":50},[36,79711,8375],{"class":148},[36,79713,445],{"class":50},[36,79715,79716,79718,79720,79722,79724,79726],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,79717,142],{"class":141},[36,79719,145],{"class":50},[36,79721,8375],{"class":148},[36,79723,303],{"class":50},[36,79725,34834],{"class":148},[36,79727,1847],{"class":50},[36,79729,79730,79732,79734,79736,79738,79740],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,79731,142],{"class":141},[36,79733,145],{"class":50},[36,79735,74548],{"class":141},[36,79737,145],{"class":50},[36,79739,8375],{"class":148},[36,79741,445],{"class":50},[36,79743,79744,79746,79748,79750,79752,79754,79756,79758,79760,79762,79764],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,79745,142],{"class":141},[36,79747,84],{"class":50},[36,79749,818],{"class":80},[36,79751,145],{"class":50},[36,79753,23343],{"class":148},[36,79755,3703],{"class":50},[36,79757,3918],{"class":3917},[36,79759,6000],{"class":148},[36,79761,3924],{"class":3917},[36,79763,8432],{"class":148},[36,79765,115],{"class":50},[14,79767,11200],{},[246,79769,79770,79773,79776,79783,79789],{},[249,79771,79772],{},"What values are in the list",[249,79774,79775],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[249,79777,79778,79779,2448,79781],{},"That ",[33,79780,64347],{},[33,79782,3822],{},[249,79784,79785,79786,79788],{},"Whether ",[33,79787,74458],{}," works better for your case",[249,79790,79791],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[14,79793,79794,79795,79797],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[33,79796,1210],{}," problems.",[21,79799,1872],{"id":1871},[376,79801,12735,79803,55508],{"id":79802},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[33,79804,77901],{},[14,79806,62638,79807,303],{},[33,79808,3822],{},[376,79810,5220,79812,482,79814,2541],{"id":79811},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[33,79813,64347],{},[33,79815,74458],{},[14,79817,79818,79820,79821,79823],{},[33,79819,64347],{}," changes the list itself. ",[33,79822,74458],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[376,79825,79827],{"id":79826},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[14,79829,18726],{},[26,79831,79833],{"className":28,"code":79832,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[33,79834,79835],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,79836,79837,79839,79841,79843,79845,79847,79849,79851],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,79838,8375],{"class":42},[36,79840,303],{"class":50},[36,79842,34834],{"class":148},[36,79844,145],{"class":50},[36,79846,73611],{"class":9210},[36,79848,47],{"class":46},[36,79850,3649],{"class":1143},[36,79852,152],{"class":50},[376,79854,79856],{"id":79855},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[14,79858,18726],{},[26,79860,79862],{"className":28,"code":79861,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[33,79863,79864],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,79865,79866,79868,79870,79872,79874,79876,79878,79880,79882,79884],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,79867,8375],{"class":42},[36,79869,303],{"class":50},[36,79871,34834],{"class":148},[36,79873,145],{"class":50},[36,79875,14874],{"class":9210},[36,79877,47],{"class":46},[36,79879,3488],{"class":80},[36,79881,303],{"class":50},[36,79883,8677],{"class":24783},[36,79885,152],{"class":50},[14,79887,79888],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[376,79890,79892,79893,79895],{"id":79891},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[33,79894,1210],{}," when sorting?",[14,79897,79898],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[21,79900,1923],{"id":1922},[246,79902,79903,79908,79914,79918],{},[249,79904,79905],{},[294,79906,79907],{"href":78410},"How to sort a list in Python",[249,79909,79910],{},[294,79911,1935,79912,5822],{"href":74555},[33,79913,74458],{},[249,79915,79916],{},[294,79917,67113],{"href":51018},[249,79919,79920],{},[294,79921,79160],{"href":79159},[1962,79923,79924],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":79926},[79927,79928,79930,79931,79932,79933,79935,79937,79948,79958],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":77967,"depth":72,"text":79929},"What list.sort() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":78222,"depth":72,"text":78223},{"id":78414,"depth":72,"text":78415},{"id":78736,"depth":72,"text":79934},"Using the key argument",{"id":79001,"depth":72,"text":79936},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455,"children":79938},[79939,79941,79942,79944,79946,79947],{"id":79170,"depth":118,"text":79940},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79279,"depth":118,"text":79280},{"id":79331,"depth":118,"text":79943},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79485,"depth":118,"text":79945},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79572,"depth":118,"text":79573},{"id":60744,"depth":118,"text":60745},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":79949},[79950,79952,79954,79955,79956],{"id":79802,"depth":118,"text":79951},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79811,"depth":118,"text":79953},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79826,"depth":118,"text":79827},{"id":79855,"depth":118,"text":79856},{"id":79891,"depth":118,"text":79957},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77889,"description":79959},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79966,"title":79967,"body":79968,"description":82599,"extension":2009,"meta":82600,"navigation":134,"path":82601,"seo":82602,"stem":82603,"__hash__":82604},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79969,"toc":82558},[79970,79975,79980,79983,79994,79997,80017,80019,80081,80083,80124,80133,80138,80143,80149,80160,80162,80181,80184,80189,80194,80196,80201,80215,80217,80235,80238,80255,80258,80264,80287,80292,80294,80297,80358,80360,80393,80395,80434,80442,80452,80458,80463,80556,80558,80582,80584,80602,80605,80636,80642,80647,80650,80652,80777,80779,80803,80805,80824,80830,80836,80955,80957,80974,80981,80987,80992,80999,81005,81007,81064,81067,81088,81091,81094,81155,81157,81190,81194,81264,81266,81283,81287,81290,81365,81367,81404,81407,81410,81481,81483,81544,81549,81554,81557,81571,81573,81646,81648,81668,81671,81674,81731,81793,81796,81828,81831,81846,81851,81853,81859,81862,81918,81921,81923,81942,81946,81948,81992,82001,82003,82063,82067,82070,82072,82165,82167,82282,82286,82288,82362,82365,82368,82370,82375,82440,82442,82466,82476,82478,82484,82493,82502,82511,82517,82520,82524,82527,82529,82555],[10,79971,1935,79973,3624],{"id":79972},"python-map-function-explained",[33,79974,39753],{},[14,79976,3627,79977,79979],{},[33,79978,39753],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[14,79981,79982],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[246,79984,79985,79988,79991],{},[249,79986,79987],{},"converting numbers to strings",[249,79989,79990],{},"changing strings to integers",[249,79992,79993],{},"doubling every value in a list",[14,79995,79996],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[246,79998,79999,80006,80012],{},[249,80000,80001,14086,80003,80005],{},[33,80002,39753],{},[180,80004,870],{}," return a list in Python 3",[249,80007,80008,80009],{},"it returns a ",[180,80010,80011],{},"map object",[249,80013,80014,80015],{},"you often convert that result with ",[33,80016,24814],{},[21,80018,2051],{"id":2050},[26,80020,80022],{"className":28,"code":80021,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[33,80023,80024,80048,80067],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,80025,80026,80028,80030,80032,80034,80036,80038,80040,80042,80044,80046],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,80027,43],{"class":42},[36,80029,47],{"class":46},[36,80031,1333],{"class":50},[36,80033,55],{"class":54},[36,80035,58],{"class":50},[36,80037,61],{"class":54},[36,80039,58],{"class":50},[36,80041,66],{"class":54},[36,80043,58],{"class":50},[36,80045,559],{"class":54},[36,80047,1355],{"class":50},[36,80049,80050,80052,80054,80057,80059,80061,80063,80065],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,80051,2280],{"class":42},[36,80053,47],{"class":46},[36,80055,80056],{"class":141}," map",[36,80058,145],{"class":50},[36,80060,3488],{"class":80},[36,80062,58],{"class":50},[36,80064,4301],{"class":148},[36,80066,152],{"class":50},[36,80068,80069,80071,80073,80075,80077,80079],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,80070,142],{"class":141},[36,80072,145],{"class":50},[36,80074,1225],{"class":80},[36,80076,145],{"class":50},[36,80078,2315],{"class":148},[36,80080,445],{"class":50},[14,80082,182],{},[26,80084,80086],{"className":28,"code":80085,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[33,80087,80088],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,80089,80090,80092,80094,80096,80098,80100,80102,80104,80106,80108,80110,80112,80114,80116,80118,80120,80122],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,80091,3941],{"class":50},[36,80093,211],{"class":87},[36,80095,55],{"class":91},[36,80097,211],{"class":87},[36,80099,58],{"class":50},[36,80101,220],{"class":87},[36,80103,481],{"class":91},[36,80105,211],{"class":87},[36,80107,58],{"class":50},[36,80109,220],{"class":87},[36,80111,485],{"class":91},[36,80113,211],{"class":87},[36,80115,58],{"class":50},[36,80117,220],{"class":87},[36,80119,2554],{"class":91},[36,80121,211],{"class":87},[36,80123,1355],{"class":50},[14,80125,495,80126,80129,80130,80132],{},[33,80127,80128],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[33,80131,24814],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[21,80134,3720,80136,3723],{"id":80135},"what-map-does",[33,80137,39753],{},[14,80139,80140,80142],{},[33,80141,39753],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[14,80144,80145,80146,80148],{},"An ",[180,80147,3764],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[246,80150,80151,80153,80155,80157],{},[249,80152,37937],{},[249,80154,37940],{},[249,80156,37943],{},[249,80158,80159],{},"a range object",[14,80161,30758],{},[26,80163,80165],{"className":28,"code":80164,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"map(function, iterable)\n",[33,80166,80167],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,80168,80169,80171,80173,80175,80177,80179],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,80170,39896],{"class":141},[36,80172,145],{"class":50},[36,80174,37896],{"class":148},[36,80176,58],{"class":50},[36,80178,37901],{"class":148},[36,80180,152],{"class":50},[14,80182,80183],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[14,80185,80186,80187,33775],{},"Important: the result is a ",[180,80188,80011],{},[14,80190,80191,80192,303],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[294,80193,5176],{"href":5175},[21,80195,2205],{"id":2204},[14,80197,80198,80200],{},[33,80199,39753],{}," needs at least two parts:",[246,80202,80203,80209],{},[249,80204,80205,80208],{},[180,80206,80207],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[249,80210,80211,80214],{},[180,80212,80213],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[14,80216,3749],{},[26,80218,80219],{"className":28,"code":80164,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,80220,80221],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,80222,80223,80225,80227,80229,80231,80233],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,80224,39896],{"class":141},[36,80226,145],{"class":50},[36,80228,37896],{"class":148},[36,80230,58],{"class":50},[36,80232,37901],{"class":148},[36,80234,152],{"class":50},[14,80236,80237],{},"You can pass:",[246,80239,80240,80249,80252],{},[249,80241,80242,80243,2238,80245,2242,80247],{},"built-in functions like ",[33,80244,3488],{},[33,80246,2237],{},[33,80248,2065],{},[249,80250,80251],{},"your own custom function",[249,80253,80254],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[14,80256,80257],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[14,80259,80260,80261,80263],{},"You will often see ",[33,80262,39753],{}," used like this:",[26,80265,80267],{"className":28,"code":80266,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"list(map(function, values))\n",[33,80268,80269],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,80270,80271,80273,80275,80277,80279,80281,80283,80285],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,80272,1225],{"class":80},[36,80274,145],{"class":50},[36,80276,39896],{"class":141},[36,80278,145],{"class":50},[36,80280,37896],{"class":148},[36,80282,58],{"class":50},[36,80284,3927],{"class":148},[36,80286,445],{"class":50},[14,80288,6716,80289,80291],{},[33,80290,24814],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[21,80293,11505],{"id":11504},[14,80295,80296],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[26,80298,80300],{"className":28,"code":80299,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[33,80301,80302,80322,80340,80344],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,80303,80304,80306,80308,80310,80312,80314,80316,80318,80320],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,80305,43],{"class":42},[36,80307,47],{"class":46},[36,80309,1333],{"class":50},[36,80311,631],{"class":54},[36,80313,58],{"class":50},[36,80315,636],{"class":54},[36,80317,58],{"class":50},[36,80319,645],{"class":54},[36,80321,1355],{"class":50},[36,80323,80324,80326,80328,80330,80332,80334,80336,80338],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,80325,2280],{"class":42},[36,80327,47],{"class":46},[36,80329,80056],{"class":141},[36,80331,145],{"class":50},[36,80333,3488],{"class":80},[36,80335,58],{"class":50},[36,80337,4301],{"class":148},[36,80339,152],{"class":50},[36,80341,80342],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,80343,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,80345,80346,80348,80350,80352,80354,80356],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,80347,142],{"class":141},[36,80349,145],{"class":50},[36,80351,1225],{"class":80},[36,80353,145],{"class":50},[36,80355,2315],{"class":148},[36,80357,445],{"class":50},[14,80359,182],{},[26,80361,80363],{"className":28,"code":80362,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[33,80364,80365],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,80366,80367,80369,80371,80373,80375,80377,80379,80381,80383,80385,80387,80389,80391],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,80368,3941],{"class":50},[36,80370,211],{"class":87},[36,80372,631],{"class":91},[36,80374,211],{"class":87},[36,80376,58],{"class":50},[36,80378,220],{"class":87},[36,80380,15783],{"class":91},[36,80382,211],{"class":87},[36,80384,58],{"class":50},[36,80386,220],{"class":87},[36,80388,36876],{"class":91},[36,80390,211],{"class":87},[36,80392,1355],{"class":50},[14,80394,11714],{},[246,80396,80397,80402,80410,80418,80426],{},[249,80398,80399,80401],{},[33,80400,149],{}," contains integers",[249,80403,80404,80407,80408],{},[33,80405,80406],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[33,80409,47721],{},[249,80411,80412,42192,80415],{},[33,80413,80414],{},"str(10)",[33,80416,80417],{},"'10'",[249,80419,80420,42192,80423],{},[33,80421,80422],{},"str(20)",[33,80424,80425],{},"'20'",[249,80427,80428,42192,80431],{},[33,80429,80430],{},"str(30)",[33,80432,80433],{},"'30'",[14,80435,53692,80436,80438,80439,80441],{},[33,80437,39753],{}," applies ",[33,80440,47721],{}," one item at a time.",[14,80443,80444,80445,80447,80448,303],{},"If you want to understand ",[33,80446,24814],{}," better, see ",[294,80449,1935,80450,3554],{"href":64883},[33,80451,24814],{},[21,80453,1462,80455,80457],{"id":80454},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[33,80456,39753],{}," with your own function",[14,80459,15743,80460,80462],{},[33,80461,39753],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[26,80464,80466],{"className":28,"code":80465,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[33,80467,80468,80481,80491,80495,80519,80538,80542],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,80469,80470,80472,80475,80477,80479],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,80471,34886],{"class":847},[36,80473,80474],{"class":34889}," double",[36,80476,145],{"class":50},[36,80478,2222],{"class":37698},[36,80480,8378],{"class":50},[36,80482,80483,80485,80487,80489],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,80484,34897],{"class":3917},[36,80486,3921],{"class":42},[36,80488,39909],{"class":46},[36,80490,45627],{"class":54},[36,80492,80493],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,80494,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,80496,80497,80499,80501,80503,80505,80507,80509,80511,80513,80515,80517],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,80498,43],{"class":42},[36,80500,47],{"class":46},[36,80502,1333],{"class":50},[36,80504,55],{"class":54},[36,80506,58],{"class":50},[36,80508,61],{"class":54},[36,80510,58],{"class":50},[36,80512,66],{"class":54},[36,80514,58],{"class":50},[36,80516,559],{"class":54},[36,80518,1355],{"class":50},[36,80520,80521,80523,80525,80527,80529,80532,80534,80536],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,80522,2280],{"class":42},[36,80524,47],{"class":46},[36,80526,80056],{"class":141},[36,80528,145],{"class":50},[36,80530,80531],{"class":148},"double",[36,80533,58],{"class":50},[36,80535,4301],{"class":148},[36,80537,152],{"class":50},[36,80539,80540],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,80541,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,80543,80544,80546,80548,80550,80552,80554],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,80545,142],{"class":141},[36,80547,145],{"class":50},[36,80549,1225],{"class":80},[36,80551,145],{"class":50},[36,80553,2315],{"class":148},[36,80555,445],{"class":50},[14,80557,182],{},[26,80559,80560],{"className":28,"code":39922,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,80561,80562],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,80563,80564,80566,80568,80570,80572,80574,80576,80578,80580],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,80565,3941],{"class":50},[36,80567,481],{"class":54},[36,80569,58],{"class":50},[36,80571,559],{"class":54},[36,80573,58],{"class":50},[36,80575,37679],{"class":54},[36,80577,58],{"class":50},[36,80579,6399],{"class":54},[36,80581,1355],{"class":50},[14,80583,65620],{},[246,80585,80586,80593,80599],{},[249,80587,80588,80590,80591],{},[33,80589,39753],{}," takes the function ",[33,80592,80531],{},[249,80594,80595,80596,80598],{},"it sends each item from ",[33,80597,149],{}," into that function",[249,80600,80601],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[14,80603,80604],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[246,80606,80607,80614,80621,80629],{},[249,80608,80609,6112,80612],{},[33,80610,80611],{},"double(1)",[33,80613,481],{},[249,80615,80616,6112,80619],{},[33,80617,80618],{},"double(2)",[33,80620,2554],{},[249,80622,80623,6112,80626],{},[33,80624,80625],{},"double(3)",[33,80627,80628],{},"6",[249,80630,80631,6112,80634],{},[33,80632,80633],{},"double(4)",[33,80635,2396],{},[21,80637,1462,80639,80641],{"id":80638},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[33,80640,39753],{}," with multiple iterables",[14,80643,80644,80646],{},[33,80645,39753],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[14,80648,80649],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[14,80651,2257],{},[26,80653,80655],{"className":28,"code":80654,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[33,80656,80657,80674,80684,80688,80709,80730,80734,80759,80763],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,80658,80659,80661,80664,80666,80668,80670,80672],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,80660,34886],{"class":847},[36,80662,80663],{"class":34889}," add_numbers",[36,80665,145],{"class":50},[36,80667,294],{"class":37698},[36,80669,58],{"class":50},[36,80671,2609],{"class":37698},[36,80673,8378],{"class":50},[36,80675,80676,80678,80680,80682],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,80677,34897],{"class":3917},[36,80679,44582],{"class":42},[36,80681,2107],{"class":46},[36,80683,36217],{"class":42},[36,80685,80686],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,80687,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,80689,80690,80693,80695,80697,80699,80701,80703,80705,80707],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,80691,80692],{"class":42},"list1 ",[36,80694,47],{"class":46},[36,80696,1333],{"class":50},[36,80698,55],{"class":54},[36,80700,58],{"class":50},[36,80702,61],{"class":54},[36,80704,58],{"class":50},[36,80706,66],{"class":54},[36,80708,1355],{"class":50},[36,80710,80711,80714,80716,80718,80720,80722,80724,80726,80728],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,80712,80713],{"class":42},"list2 ",[36,80715,47],{"class":46},[36,80717,1333],{"class":50},[36,80719,631],{"class":54},[36,80721,58],{"class":50},[36,80723,636],{"class":54},[36,80725,58],{"class":50},[36,80727,645],{"class":54},[36,80729,1355],{"class":50},[36,80731,80732],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,80733,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,80735,80736,80738,80740,80742,80744,80747,80749,80752,80754,80757],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,80737,2280],{"class":42},[36,80739,47],{"class":46},[36,80741,80056],{"class":141},[36,80743,145],{"class":50},[36,80745,80746],{"class":148},"add_numbers",[36,80748,58],{"class":50},[36,80750,80751],{"class":148}," list1",[36,80753,58],{"class":50},[36,80755,80756],{"class":148}," list2",[36,80758,152],{"class":50},[36,80760,80761],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,80762,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,80764,80765,80767,80769,80771,80773,80775],{"class":38,"line":6471},[36,80766,142],{"class":141},[36,80768,145],{"class":50},[36,80770,1225],{"class":80},[36,80772,145],{"class":50},[36,80774,2315],{"class":148},[36,80776,445],{"class":50},[14,80778,182],{},[26,80780,80782],{"className":28,"code":80781,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[33,80783,80784],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,80785,80786,80788,80791,80793,80796,80798,80801],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,80787,3941],{"class":50},[36,80789,80790],{"class":54},"11",[36,80792,58],{"class":50},[36,80794,80795],{"class":54}," 22",[36,80797,58],{"class":50},[36,80799,80800],{"class":54}," 33",[36,80802,1355],{"class":50},[14,80804,2227],{},[246,80806,80807,80813,80819],{},[249,80808,80809,80810],{},"the first values are used together: ",[33,80811,80812],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[249,80814,80815,80816],{},"then ",[33,80817,80818],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[249,80820,80815,80821],{},[33,80822,80823],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[376,80825,80827,80829],{"id":80826},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[33,80828,39753],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[14,80831,80832,80833,80835],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[33,80834,39753],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[26,80837,80839],{"className":28,"code":80838,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[33,80840,80841,80857,80867,80871,80895,80911,80915,80937,80941],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,80842,80843,80845,80847,80849,80851,80853,80855],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,80844,34886],{"class":847},[36,80846,80663],{"class":34889},[36,80848,145],{"class":50},[36,80850,294],{"class":37698},[36,80852,58],{"class":50},[36,80854,2609],{"class":37698},[36,80856,8378],{"class":50},[36,80858,80859,80861,80863,80865],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,80860,34897],{"class":3917},[36,80862,44582],{"class":42},[36,80864,2107],{"class":46},[36,80866,36217],{"class":42},[36,80868,80869],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,80870,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,80872,80873,80875,80877,80879,80881,80883,80885,80887,80889,80891,80893],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,80874,80692],{"class":42},[36,80876,47],{"class":46},[36,80878,1333],{"class":50},[36,80880,55],{"class":54},[36,80882,58],{"class":50},[36,80884,61],{"class":54},[36,80886,58],{"class":50},[36,80888,66],{"class":54},[36,80890,58],{"class":50},[36,80892,559],{"class":54},[36,80894,1355],{"class":50},[36,80896,80897,80899,80901,80903,80905,80907,80909],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,80898,80713],{"class":42},[36,80900,47],{"class":46},[36,80902,1333],{"class":50},[36,80904,631],{"class":54},[36,80906,58],{"class":50},[36,80908,636],{"class":54},[36,80910,1355],{"class":50},[36,80912,80913],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,80914,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,80916,80917,80919,80921,80923,80925,80927,80929,80931,80933,80935],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,80918,2280],{"class":42},[36,80920,47],{"class":46},[36,80922,80056],{"class":141},[36,80924,145],{"class":50},[36,80926,80746],{"class":148},[36,80928,58],{"class":50},[36,80930,80751],{"class":148},[36,80932,58],{"class":50},[36,80934,80756],{"class":148},[36,80936,152],{"class":50},[36,80938,80939],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,80940,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,80942,80943,80945,80947,80949,80951,80953],{"class":38,"line":6471},[36,80944,142],{"class":141},[36,80946,145],{"class":50},[36,80948,1225],{"class":80},[36,80950,145],{"class":50},[36,80952,2315],{"class":148},[36,80954,445],{"class":50},[14,80956,182],{},[26,80958,80960],{"className":28,"code":80959,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[11, 22]\n",[33,80961,80962],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,80963,80964,80966,80968,80970,80972],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,80965,3941],{"class":50},[36,80967,80790],{"class":54},[36,80969,58],{"class":50},[36,80971,80795],{"class":54},[36,80973,1355],{"class":50},[14,80975,80976,80977,80980],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[33,80978,80979],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[21,80982,80984,80986],{"id":80983},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[33,80985,39753],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[14,80988,38059,80989,80991],{},[33,80990,39753],{}," returns a map object.",[14,80993,80994,80995,80998],{},"This object is ",[180,80996,80997],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[376,81000,2537,81002,81004],{"id":81001},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[33,81003,33061],{}," looks strange",[14,81006,33676],{},[26,81008,81010],{"className":28,"code":81009,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,81011,81012,81032,81050,81054],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,81013,81014,81016,81018,81020,81022,81024,81026,81028,81030],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,81015,43],{"class":42},[36,81017,47],{"class":46},[36,81019,1333],{"class":50},[36,81021,55],{"class":54},[36,81023,58],{"class":50},[36,81025,61],{"class":54},[36,81027,58],{"class":50},[36,81029,66],{"class":54},[36,81031,1355],{"class":50},[36,81033,81034,81036,81038,81040,81042,81044,81046,81048],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,81035,2280],{"class":42},[36,81037,47],{"class":46},[36,81039,80056],{"class":141},[36,81041,145],{"class":50},[36,81043,3488],{"class":80},[36,81045,58],{"class":50},[36,81047,4301],{"class":148},[36,81049,152],{"class":50},[36,81051,81052],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,81053,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,81055,81056,81058,81060,81062],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,81057,142],{"class":141},[36,81059,145],{"class":50},[36,81061,2315],{"class":148},[36,81063,152],{"class":50},[14,81065,81066],{},"Output will look something like this:",[26,81068,81070],{"className":28,"code":81069,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[33,81071,81072],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,81073,81074,81076,81078,81080,81082,81084,81086],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,81075,844],{"class":46},[36,81077,39896],{"class":141},[36,81079,24650],{"class":80},[36,81081,37399],{"class":42},[36,81083,37403],{"class":37402},[36,81085,37406],{"class":34487},[36,81087,857],{"class":46},[14,81089,81090],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[14,81092,81093],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[26,81095,81097],{"className":28,"code":81096,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[33,81098,81099,81119,81137,81141],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,81100,81101,81103,81105,81107,81109,81111,81113,81115,81117],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,81102,43],{"class":42},[36,81104,47],{"class":46},[36,81106,1333],{"class":50},[36,81108,55],{"class":54},[36,81110,58],{"class":50},[36,81112,61],{"class":54},[36,81114,58],{"class":50},[36,81116,66],{"class":54},[36,81118,1355],{"class":50},[36,81120,81121,81123,81125,81127,81129,81131,81133,81135],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,81122,2280],{"class":42},[36,81124,47],{"class":46},[36,81126,80056],{"class":141},[36,81128,145],{"class":50},[36,81130,3488],{"class":80},[36,81132,58],{"class":50},[36,81134,4301],{"class":148},[36,81136,152],{"class":50},[36,81138,81139],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,81140,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,81142,81143,81145,81147,81149,81151,81153],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,81144,142],{"class":141},[36,81146,145],{"class":50},[36,81148,1225],{"class":80},[36,81150,145],{"class":50},[36,81152,2315],{"class":148},[36,81154,445],{"class":50},[14,81156,182],{},[26,81158,81160],{"className":28,"code":81159,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[33,81161,81162],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,81163,81164,81166,81168,81170,81172,81174,81176,81178,81180,81182,81184,81186,81188],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,81165,3941],{"class":50},[36,81167,211],{"class":87},[36,81169,55],{"class":91},[36,81171,211],{"class":87},[36,81173,58],{"class":50},[36,81175,220],{"class":87},[36,81177,481],{"class":91},[36,81179,211],{"class":87},[36,81181,58],{"class":50},[36,81183,220],{"class":87},[36,81185,485],{"class":91},[36,81187,211],{"class":87},[36,81189,1355],{"class":50},[376,81191,81193],{"id":81192},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[26,81195,81197],{"className":28,"code":81196,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[33,81198,81199,81219,81237,81241,81254],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,81200,81201,81203,81205,81207,81209,81211,81213,81215,81217],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,81202,43],{"class":42},[36,81204,47],{"class":46},[36,81206,1333],{"class":50},[36,81208,55],{"class":54},[36,81210,58],{"class":50},[36,81212,61],{"class":54},[36,81214,58],{"class":50},[36,81216,66],{"class":54},[36,81218,1355],{"class":50},[36,81220,81221,81223,81225,81227,81229,81231,81233,81235],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,81222,2280],{"class":42},[36,81224,47],{"class":46},[36,81226,80056],{"class":141},[36,81228,145],{"class":50},[36,81230,3488],{"class":80},[36,81232,58],{"class":50},[36,81234,4301],{"class":148},[36,81236,152],{"class":50},[36,81238,81239],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,81240,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,81242,81243,81245,81247,81249,81252],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,81244,5997],{"class":3917},[36,81246,6000],{"class":42},[36,81248,3924],{"class":3917},[36,81250,81251],{"class":42}," result",[36,81253,6433],{"class":50},[36,81255,81256,81258,81260,81262],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,81257,8105],{"class":141},[36,81259,145],{"class":50},[36,81261,23343],{"class":148},[36,81263,152],{"class":50},[14,81265,182],{},[26,81267,81269],{"className":28,"code":81268,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"1\n2\n3\n",[33,81270,81271,81275,81279],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,81272,81273],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,81274,46954],{"class":54},[36,81276,81277],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,81278,17086],{"class":54},[36,81280,81281],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,81282,475],{"class":54},[376,81284,81286],{"id":81285},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[14,81288,81289],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[26,81291,81293],{"className":28,"code":81292,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[33,81294,81295,81315,81333,81337,81351],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,81296,81297,81299,81301,81303,81305,81307,81309,81311,81313],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,81298,43],{"class":42},[36,81300,47],{"class":46},[36,81302,1333],{"class":50},[36,81304,55],{"class":54},[36,81306,58],{"class":50},[36,81308,61],{"class":54},[36,81310,58],{"class":50},[36,81312,66],{"class":54},[36,81314,1355],{"class":50},[36,81316,81317,81319,81321,81323,81325,81327,81329,81331],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,81318,2280],{"class":42},[36,81320,47],{"class":46},[36,81322,80056],{"class":141},[36,81324,145],{"class":50},[36,81326,3488],{"class":80},[36,81328,58],{"class":50},[36,81330,4301],{"class":148},[36,81332,152],{"class":50},[36,81334,81335],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,81336,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,81338,81339,81341,81343,81345,81347,81349],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,81340,142],{"class":141},[36,81342,145],{"class":50},[36,81344,1225],{"class":80},[36,81346,145],{"class":50},[36,81348,2315],{"class":148},[36,81350,445],{"class":50},[36,81352,81353,81355,81357,81359,81361,81363],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,81354,142],{"class":141},[36,81356,145],{"class":50},[36,81358,1225],{"class":80},[36,81360,145],{"class":50},[36,81362,2315],{"class":148},[36,81364,445],{"class":50},[14,81366,182],{},[26,81368,81370],{"className":28,"code":81369,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[33,81371,81372,81400],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,81373,81374,81376,81378,81380,81382,81384,81386,81388,81390,81392,81394,81396,81398],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,81375,3941],{"class":50},[36,81377,211],{"class":87},[36,81379,55],{"class":91},[36,81381,211],{"class":87},[36,81383,58],{"class":50},[36,81385,220],{"class":87},[36,81387,481],{"class":91},[36,81389,211],{"class":87},[36,81391,58],{"class":50},[36,81393,220],{"class":87},[36,81395,485],{"class":91},[36,81397,211],{"class":87},[36,81399,1355],{"class":50},[36,81401,81402],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,81403,38333],{"class":50},[14,81405,81406],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[14,81408,81409],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[26,81411,81413],{"className":28,"code":81412,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[33,81414,81415,81435,81457,81461,81471],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,81416,81417,81419,81421,81423,81425,81427,81429,81431,81433],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,81418,43],{"class":42},[36,81420,47],{"class":46},[36,81422,1333],{"class":50},[36,81424,55],{"class":54},[36,81426,58],{"class":50},[36,81428,61],{"class":54},[36,81430,58],{"class":50},[36,81432,66],{"class":54},[36,81434,1355],{"class":50},[36,81436,81437,81439,81441,81443,81445,81447,81449,81451,81453,81455],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,81438,2280],{"class":42},[36,81440,47],{"class":46},[36,81442,22592],{"class":80},[36,81444,145],{"class":50},[36,81446,39896],{"class":141},[36,81448,145],{"class":50},[36,81450,3488],{"class":80},[36,81452,58],{"class":50},[36,81454,4301],{"class":148},[36,81456,445],{"class":50},[36,81458,81459],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,81460,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,81462,81463,81465,81467,81469],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,81464,142],{"class":141},[36,81466,145],{"class":50},[36,81468,2315],{"class":148},[36,81470,152],{"class":50},[36,81472,81473,81475,81477,81479],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,81474,142],{"class":141},[36,81476,145],{"class":50},[36,81478,2315],{"class":148},[36,81480,152],{"class":50},[14,81482,182],{},[26,81484,81486],{"className":28,"code":81485,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[33,81487,81488,81516],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,81489,81490,81492,81494,81496,81498,81500,81502,81504,81506,81508,81510,81512,81514],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,81491,3941],{"class":50},[36,81493,211],{"class":87},[36,81495,55],{"class":91},[36,81497,211],{"class":87},[36,81499,58],{"class":50},[36,81501,220],{"class":87},[36,81503,481],{"class":91},[36,81505,211],{"class":87},[36,81507,58],{"class":50},[36,81509,220],{"class":87},[36,81511,485],{"class":91},[36,81513,211],{"class":87},[36,81515,1355],{"class":50},[36,81517,81518,81520,81522,81524,81526,81528,81530,81532,81534,81536,81538,81540,81542],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,81519,3941],{"class":50},[36,81521,211],{"class":87},[36,81523,55],{"class":91},[36,81525,211],{"class":87},[36,81527,58],{"class":50},[36,81529,220],{"class":87},[36,81531,481],{"class":91},[36,81533,211],{"class":87},[36,81535,58],{"class":50},[36,81537,220],{"class":87},[36,81539,485],{"class":91},[36,81541,211],{"class":87},[36,81543,1355],{"class":50},[21,81545,5000,81547],{"id":81546},"when-to-use-map",[33,81548,39753],{},[14,81550,81551,81553],{},[33,81552,39753],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[14,81555,81556],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[246,81558,81559,81563,81567],{},[249,81560,81561],{},[33,81562,3488],{},[249,81564,81565],{},[33,81566,2237],{},[249,81568,81569],{},[33,81570,2065],{},[14,81572,2257],{},[26,81574,81576],{"className":28,"code":81575,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,81577,81578,81610,81632,81636],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,81579,81580,81582,81584,81586,81588,81590,81592,81594,81596,81598,81600,81602,81604,81606,81608],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,81581,621],{"class":42},[36,81583,47],{"class":46},[36,81585,1333],{"class":50},[36,81587,211],{"class":87},[36,81589,55],{"class":91},[36,81591,211],{"class":87},[36,81593,58],{"class":50},[36,81595,220],{"class":87},[36,81597,481],{"class":91},[36,81599,211],{"class":87},[36,81601,58],{"class":50},[36,81603,220],{"class":87},[36,81605,485],{"class":91},[36,81607,211],{"class":87},[36,81609,1355],{"class":50},[36,81611,81612,81614,81616,81618,81620,81622,81624,81626,81628,81630],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,81613,43],{"class":42},[36,81615,47],{"class":46},[36,81617,22592],{"class":80},[36,81619,145],{"class":50},[36,81621,39896],{"class":141},[36,81623,145],{"class":50},[36,81625,2237],{"class":80},[36,81627,58],{"class":50},[36,81629,3927],{"class":148},[36,81631,445],{"class":50},[36,81633,81634],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,81635,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,81637,81638,81640,81642,81644],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,81639,142],{"class":141},[36,81641,145],{"class":50},[36,81643,149],{"class":148},[36,81645,152],{"class":50},[14,81647,182],{},[26,81649,81650],{"className":28,"code":55189,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,81651,81652],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,81653,81654,81656,81658,81660,81662,81664,81666],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,81655,3941],{"class":50},[36,81657,55],{"class":54},[36,81659,58],{"class":50},[36,81661,61],{"class":54},[36,81663,58],{"class":50},[36,81665,66],{"class":54},[36,81667,1355],{"class":50},[14,81669,81670],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[14,81672,81673],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[26,81675,81677],{"className":28,"code":81676,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[33,81678,81679,81699,81721],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,81680,81681,81683,81685,81687,81689,81691,81693,81695,81697],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,81682,43],{"class":42},[36,81684,47],{"class":46},[36,81686,1333],{"class":50},[36,81688,55],{"class":54},[36,81690,58],{"class":50},[36,81692,61],{"class":54},[36,81694,58],{"class":50},[36,81696,66],{"class":54},[36,81698,1355],{"class":50},[36,81700,81701,81703,81705,81707,81709,81711,81713,81715,81717,81719],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,81702,2280],{"class":42},[36,81704,47],{"class":46},[36,81706,22592],{"class":80},[36,81708,145],{"class":50},[36,81710,39896],{"class":141},[36,81712,145],{"class":50},[36,81714,3488],{"class":80},[36,81716,58],{"class":50},[36,81718,4301],{"class":148},[36,81720,445],{"class":50},[36,81722,81723,81725,81727,81729],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,81724,142],{"class":141},[36,81726,145],{"class":50},[36,81728,2315],{"class":148},[36,81730,152],{"class":50},[26,81732,81734],{"className":28,"code":81733,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[33,81735,81736,81756,81783],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,81737,81738,81740,81742,81744,81746,81748,81750,81752,81754],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,81739,43],{"class":42},[36,81741,47],{"class":46},[36,81743,1333],{"class":50},[36,81745,55],{"class":54},[36,81747,58],{"class":50},[36,81749,61],{"class":54},[36,81751,58],{"class":50},[36,81753,66],{"class":54},[36,81755,1355],{"class":50},[36,81757,81758,81760,81762,81764,81766,81768,81770,81772,81774,81777,81779,81781],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,81759,2280],{"class":42},[36,81761,47],{"class":46},[36,81763,1333],{"class":50},[36,81765,3488],{"class":80},[36,81767,145],{"class":50},[36,81769,76064],{"class":148},[36,81771,3703],{"class":50},[36,81773,3918],{"class":3917},[36,81775,81776],{"class":42}," n ",[36,81778,3924],{"class":3917},[36,81780,4301],{"class":42},[36,81782,1355],{"class":50},[36,81784,81785,81787,81789,81791],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,81786,142],{"class":141},[36,81788,145],{"class":50},[36,81790,2315],{"class":148},[36,81792,152],{"class":50},[14,81794,81795],{},"Both produce:",[26,81797,81798],{"className":28,"code":81159,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,81799,81800],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,81801,81802,81804,81806,81808,81810,81812,81814,81816,81818,81820,81822,81824,81826],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,81803,3941],{"class":50},[36,81805,211],{"class":87},[36,81807,55],{"class":91},[36,81809,211],{"class":87},[36,81811,58],{"class":50},[36,81813,220],{"class":87},[36,81815,481],{"class":91},[36,81817,211],{"class":87},[36,81819,58],{"class":50},[36,81821,220],{"class":87},[36,81823,485],{"class":91},[36,81825,211],{"class":87},[36,81827,1355],{"class":50},[14,81829,81830],{},"A simple rule:",[246,81832,81833,81838,81843],{},[249,81834,40027,81835,81837],{},[33,81836,39753],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[249,81839,40033,81840,81842],{},[33,81841,5997],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[249,81844,81845],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[14,81847,81848,81849,303],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[294,81850,4431],{"href":4430},[21,81852,4557],{"id":4556},[376,81854,81856,81857],{"id":81855},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[33,81858,24814],{},[14,81860,81861],{},"This is very common:",[26,81863,81864],{"className":28,"code":81009,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,81865,81866,81886,81904,81908],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,81867,81868,81870,81872,81874,81876,81878,81880,81882,81884],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,81869,43],{"class":42},[36,81871,47],{"class":46},[36,81873,1333],{"class":50},[36,81875,55],{"class":54},[36,81877,58],{"class":50},[36,81879,61],{"class":54},[36,81881,58],{"class":50},[36,81883,66],{"class":54},[36,81885,1355],{"class":50},[36,81887,81888,81890,81892,81894,81896,81898,81900,81902],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,81889,2280],{"class":42},[36,81891,47],{"class":46},[36,81893,80056],{"class":141},[36,81895,145],{"class":50},[36,81897,3488],{"class":80},[36,81899,58],{"class":50},[36,81901,4301],{"class":148},[36,81903,152],{"class":50},[36,81905,81906],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,81907,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,81909,81910,81912,81914,81916],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,81911,142],{"class":141},[36,81913,145],{"class":50},[36,81915,2315],{"class":148},[36,81917,152],{"class":50},[14,81919,81920],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[14,81922,39298],{},[26,81924,81926],{"className":28,"code":81925,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(list(result))\n",[33,81927,81928],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,81929,81930,81932,81934,81936,81938,81940],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,81931,142],{"class":141},[36,81933,145],{"class":50},[36,81935,1225],{"class":80},[36,81937,145],{"class":50},[36,81939,2315],{"class":148},[36,81941,445],{"class":50},[376,81943,81945],{"id":81944},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[14,81947,16673],{},[26,81949,81951],{"className":28,"code":81950,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[33,81952,81953,81973],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,81954,81955,81957,81959,81961,81963,81965,81967,81969,81971],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,81956,43],{"class":42},[36,81958,47],{"class":46},[36,81960,1333],{"class":50},[36,81962,55],{"class":54},[36,81964,58],{"class":50},[36,81966,61],{"class":54},[36,81968,58],{"class":50},[36,81970,66],{"class":54},[36,81972,1355],{"class":50},[36,81974,81975,81977,81979,81981,81983,81985,81988,81990],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,81976,2280],{"class":42},[36,81978,47],{"class":46},[36,81980,80056],{"class":141},[36,81982,145],{"class":50},[36,81984,3488],{"class":80},[36,81986,81987],{"class":50},"(),",[36,81989,4301],{"class":148},[36,81991,152],{"class":50},[14,81993,81994,81995,81997,81998,82000],{},"This is wrong because ",[33,81996,47721],{}," is being called immediately. ",[33,81999,39753],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[14,82002,16685],{},[26,82004,82005],{"className":28,"code":81096,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,82006,82007,82027,82045,82049],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,82008,82009,82011,82013,82015,82017,82019,82021,82023,82025],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,82010,43],{"class":42},[36,82012,47],{"class":46},[36,82014,1333],{"class":50},[36,82016,55],{"class":54},[36,82018,58],{"class":50},[36,82020,61],{"class":54},[36,82022,58],{"class":50},[36,82024,66],{"class":54},[36,82026,1355],{"class":50},[36,82028,82029,82031,82033,82035,82037,82039,82041,82043],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,82030,2280],{"class":42},[36,82032,47],{"class":46},[36,82034,80056],{"class":141},[36,82036,145],{"class":50},[36,82038,3488],{"class":80},[36,82040,58],{"class":50},[36,82042,4301],{"class":148},[36,82044,152],{"class":50},[36,82046,82047],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,82048,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,82050,82051,82053,82055,82057,82059,82061],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,82052,142],{"class":141},[36,82054,145],{"class":50},[36,82056,1225],{"class":80},[36,82058,145],{"class":50},[36,82060,2315],{"class":148},[36,82062,445],{"class":50},[376,82064,82066],{"id":82065},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[14,82068,82069],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[14,82071,16673],{},[26,82073,82075],{"className":28,"code":82074,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[33,82076,82077,82094,82104,82108,82128,82147,82151],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,82078,82079,82081,82084,82086,82088,82090,82092],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,82080,34886],{"class":847},[36,82082,82083],{"class":34889}," add",[36,82085,145],{"class":50},[36,82087,294],{"class":37698},[36,82089,58],{"class":50},[36,82091,2609],{"class":37698},[36,82093,8378],{"class":50},[36,82095,82096,82098,82100,82102],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,82097,34897],{"class":3917},[36,82099,44582],{"class":42},[36,82101,2107],{"class":46},[36,82103,36217],{"class":42},[36,82105,82106],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,82107,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,82109,82110,82112,82114,82116,82118,82120,82122,82124,82126],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,82111,43],{"class":42},[36,82113,47],{"class":46},[36,82115,1333],{"class":50},[36,82117,55],{"class":54},[36,82119,58],{"class":50},[36,82121,61],{"class":54},[36,82123,58],{"class":50},[36,82125,66],{"class":54},[36,82127,1355],{"class":50},[36,82129,82130,82132,82134,82136,82138,82141,82143,82145],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,82131,2280],{"class":42},[36,82133,47],{"class":46},[36,82135,80056],{"class":141},[36,82137,145],{"class":50},[36,82139,82140],{"class":148},"add",[36,82142,58],{"class":50},[36,82144,4301],{"class":148},[36,82146,152],{"class":50},[36,82148,82149],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,82150,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,82152,82153,82155,82157,82159,82161,82163],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,82154,142],{"class":141},[36,82156,145],{"class":50},[36,82158,1225],{"class":80},[36,82160,145],{"class":50},[36,82162,2315],{"class":148},[36,82164,445],{"class":50},[14,82166,16685],{},[26,82168,82170],{"className":28,"code":82169,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[33,82171,82172,82188,82198,82202,82222,82242,82264,82268],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,82173,82174,82176,82178,82180,82182,82184,82186],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,82175,34886],{"class":847},[36,82177,82083],{"class":34889},[36,82179,145],{"class":50},[36,82181,294],{"class":37698},[36,82183,58],{"class":50},[36,82185,2609],{"class":37698},[36,82187,8378],{"class":50},[36,82189,82190,82192,82194,82196],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,82191,34897],{"class":3917},[36,82193,44582],{"class":42},[36,82195,2107],{"class":46},[36,82197,36217],{"class":42},[36,82199,82200],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,82201,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,82203,82204,82206,82208,82210,82212,82214,82216,82218,82220],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,82205,80692],{"class":42},[36,82207,47],{"class":46},[36,82209,1333],{"class":50},[36,82211,55],{"class":54},[36,82213,58],{"class":50},[36,82215,61],{"class":54},[36,82217,58],{"class":50},[36,82219,66],{"class":54},[36,82221,1355],{"class":50},[36,82223,82224,82226,82228,82230,82232,82234,82236,82238,82240],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,82225,80713],{"class":42},[36,82227,47],{"class":46},[36,82229,1333],{"class":50},[36,82231,631],{"class":54},[36,82233,58],{"class":50},[36,82235,636],{"class":54},[36,82237,58],{"class":50},[36,82239,645],{"class":54},[36,82241,1355],{"class":50},[36,82243,82244,82246,82248,82250,82252,82254,82256,82258,82260,82262],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,82245,2280],{"class":42},[36,82247,47],{"class":46},[36,82249,80056],{"class":141},[36,82251,145],{"class":50},[36,82253,82140],{"class":148},[36,82255,58],{"class":50},[36,82257,80751],{"class":148},[36,82259,58],{"class":50},[36,82261,80756],{"class":148},[36,82263,152],{"class":50},[36,82265,82266],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,82267,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,82269,82270,82272,82274,82276,82278,82280],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,82271,142],{"class":141},[36,82273,145],{"class":50},[36,82275,1225],{"class":80},[36,82277,145],{"class":50},[36,82279,2315],{"class":148},[36,82281,445],{"class":50},[376,82283,82285],{"id":82284},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[14,82287,16673],{},[26,82289,82290],{"className":28,"code":81292,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,82291,82292,82312,82330,82334,82348],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,82293,82294,82296,82298,82300,82302,82304,82306,82308,82310],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,82295,43],{"class":42},[36,82297,47],{"class":46},[36,82299,1333],{"class":50},[36,82301,55],{"class":54},[36,82303,58],{"class":50},[36,82305,61],{"class":54},[36,82307,58],{"class":50},[36,82309,66],{"class":54},[36,82311,1355],{"class":50},[36,82313,82314,82316,82318,82320,82322,82324,82326,82328],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,82315,2280],{"class":42},[36,82317,47],{"class":46},[36,82319,80056],{"class":141},[36,82321,145],{"class":50},[36,82323,3488],{"class":80},[36,82325,58],{"class":50},[36,82327,4301],{"class":148},[36,82329,152],{"class":50},[36,82331,82332],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,82333,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,82335,82336,82338,82340,82342,82344,82346],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,82337,142],{"class":141},[36,82339,145],{"class":50},[36,82341,1225],{"class":80},[36,82343,145],{"class":50},[36,82345,2315],{"class":148},[36,82347,445],{"class":50},[36,82349,82350,82352,82354,82356,82358,82360],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,82351,142],{"class":141},[36,82353,145],{"class":50},[36,82355,1225],{"class":80},[36,82357,145],{"class":50},[36,82359,2315],{"class":148},[36,82361,445],{"class":50},[14,82363,82364],{},"The second result is empty.",[14,82366,82367],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[21,82369,67931],{"id":67930},[14,82371,8909,82372,82374],{},[33,82373,39753],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[26,82376,82378],{"className":28,"code":82377,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[33,82379,82380,82390,82404,82418,82430],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,82381,82382,82384,82386,82388],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,82383,142],{"class":141},[36,82385,145],{"class":50},[36,82387,2315],{"class":148},[36,82389,152],{"class":50},[36,82391,82392,82394,82396,82398,82400,82402],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,82393,142],{"class":141},[36,82395,145],{"class":50},[36,82397,1225],{"class":80},[36,82399,145],{"class":50},[36,82401,2315],{"class":148},[36,82403,445],{"class":50},[36,82405,82406,82408,82410,82412,82414,82416],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,82407,142],{"class":141},[36,82409,145],{"class":50},[36,82411,818],{"class":80},[36,82413,145],{"class":50},[36,82415,2315],{"class":148},[36,82417,445],{"class":50},[36,82419,82420,82422,82424,82426,82428],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,82421,5997],{"class":3917},[36,82423,6000],{"class":42},[36,82425,3924],{"class":3917},[36,82427,81251],{"class":42},[36,82429,6433],{"class":50},[36,82431,82432,82434,82436,82438],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,82433,8105],{"class":141},[36,82435,145],{"class":50},[36,82437,23343],{"class":148},[36,82439,152],{"class":50},[14,82441,12703],{},[246,82443,82444,82449,82454,82460],{},[249,82445,82446,82448],{},[33,82447,33061],{}," shows that you have a map object",[249,82450,82451,82453],{},[33,82452,33069],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[249,82455,82456,82459],{},[33,82457,82458],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[249,82461,82462,82463,82465],{},"looping over ",[33,82464,2315],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[14,82467,82468,82469,82472,82473,82475],{},"Be careful: ",[33,82470,82471],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[33,82474,5997],{}," loop consume the map object.",[21,82477,1872],{"id":1871},[376,82479,12735,82481,82483],{"id":82480},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[33,82482,39753],{}," return a list in Python?",[14,82485,82486,82487,82489,82490,23971],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[33,82488,39753],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[33,82491,82492],{},"list(map(...))",[376,82494,14936,82496,82498,82499,82501],{"id":82495},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[33,82497,39753],{}," better than a ",[33,82500,5997],{}," loop?",[14,82503,82504,82505,82507,82508,82510],{},"Not always. ",[33,82506,39753],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[33,82509,5997],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[376,82512,5210,82514,82516],{"id":82513},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[33,82515,39753],{}," use more than one list?",[14,82518,82519],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[376,82521,82523],{"id":82522},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[14,82525,82526],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[21,82528,1923],{"id":1922},[246,82530,82531,82537,82543,82547,82551],{},[249,82532,82533],{},[294,82534,1935,82535,3554],{"href":40122},[33,82536,37611],{},[249,82538,82539],{},[294,82540,1935,82541,3554],{"href":64883},[33,82542,24814],{},[249,82544,82545],{},[294,82546,5262],{"href":5171},[249,82548,82549],{},[294,82550,5267],{"href":4430},[249,82552,82553],{},[294,82554,5257],{"href":5175},[1962,82556,82557],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":82559},[82560,82561,82563,82564,82565,82567,82572,82579,82581,82588,82589,82598],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":80135,"depth":72,"text":82562},"What map() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":11504,"depth":72,"text":11505},{"id":80454,"depth":72,"text":82566},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80638,"depth":72,"text":82568,"children":82569},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82570],{"id":80826,"depth":118,"text":82571},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80983,"depth":72,"text":82573,"children":82574},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82575,82577,82578],{"id":81001,"depth":118,"text":82576},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81192,"depth":118,"text":81193},{"id":81285,"depth":118,"text":81286},{"id":81546,"depth":72,"text":82580},"When to use map()",{"id":4556,"depth":72,"text":4557,"children":82582},[82583,82585,82586,82587],{"id":81855,"depth":118,"text":82584},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81944,"depth":118,"text":81945},{"id":82065,"depth":118,"text":82066},{"id":82284,"depth":118,"text":82285},{"id":67930,"depth":72,"text":67931},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":82590},[82591,82593,82595,82597],{"id":82480,"depth":118,"text":82592},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82495,"depth":118,"text":82594},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82513,"depth":118,"text":82596},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82522,"depth":118,"text":82523},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79967,"description":82599},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82606,"title":82607,"body":82608,"description":84628,"extension":2009,"meta":84629,"navigation":134,"path":84630,"seo":84631,"stem":84632,"__hash__":84633},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82609,"toc":84586},[82610,82616,82621,82624,82632,82635,82637,82761,82763,82781,82783,82803,82808,82812,82826,82829,82832,82834,82839,82951,82954,82972,82978,82981,83043,83045,83054,83057,83071,83073,83121,83123,83132,83142,83148,83151,83178,83180,83188,83191,83194,83264,83266,83274,83277,83282,83287,83338,83340,83348,83351,83353,83370,83372,83424,83427,83433,83437,83442,83445,83449,83508,83510,83519,83525,83534,83538,83601,83603,83611,83616,83620,83625,83705,83707,83716,83723,83728,83733,83736,83771,83773,83781,83784,83790,83792,83842,83844,83853,83856,83874,83876,83881,83887,83894,83921,83923,83946,83951,83986,83991,83997,84002,84045,84048,84051,84090,84097,84103,84108,84123,84127,84134,84137,84141,84146,84150,84155,84157,84218,84220,84249,84254,84261,84270,84272,84275,84300,84302,84405,84408,84426,84435,84437,84442,84445,84451,84454,84456,84466,84472,84476,84534,84541,84549,84551,84583],[10,82611,1935,82613,3624],{"id":82612},"python-max-function-explained",[33,82614,82615],{},"max()",[14,82617,9157,82618,82620],{},[33,82619,82615],{}," function returns the largest item.",[14,82622,82623],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[246,82625,82626,82629],{},[249,82627,82628],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[249,82630,82631],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[14,82633,82634],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[21,82636,2051],{"id":2050},[26,82638,82640],{"className":28,"code":82639,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[33,82641,82642,82666,82681,82685,82711,82715,82747],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,82643,82644,82646,82648,82650,82652,82654,82656,82658,82660,82662,82664],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,82645,43],{"class":42},[36,82647,47],{"class":46},[36,82649,1333],{"class":50},[36,82651,485],{"class":54},[36,82653,58],{"class":50},[36,82655,6399],{"class":54},[36,82657,58],{"class":50},[36,82659,61],{"class":54},[36,82661,58],{"class":50},[36,82663,4644],{"class":54},[36,82665,1355],{"class":50},[36,82667,82668,82670,82672,82675,82677,82679],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,82669,142],{"class":141},[36,82671,145],{"class":50},[36,82673,82674],{"class":141},"max",[36,82676,145],{"class":50},[36,82678,149],{"class":148},[36,82680,445],{"class":50},[36,82682,82683],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,82684,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,82686,82687,82689,82691,82693,82695,82697,82699,82701,82703,82705,82707,82709],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,82688,142],{"class":141},[36,82690,145],{"class":50},[36,82692,82674],{"class":141},[36,82694,145],{"class":50},[36,82696,485],{"class":54},[36,82698,58],{"class":50},[36,82700,6399],{"class":54},[36,82702,58],{"class":50},[36,82704,61],{"class":54},[36,82706,58],{"class":50},[36,82708,4644],{"class":54},[36,82710,445],{"class":50},[36,82712,82713],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,82714,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,82716,82717,82719,82721,82723,82725,82727,82729,82731,82733,82735,82737,82739,82741,82743,82745],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,82718,75],{"class":42},[36,82720,47],{"class":46},[36,82722,1333],{"class":50},[36,82724,88],{"class":87},[36,82726,92],{"class":91},[36,82728,88],{"class":87},[36,82730,58],{"class":50},[36,82732,99],{"class":87},[36,82734,102],{"class":91},[36,82736,88],{"class":87},[36,82738,58],{"class":50},[36,82740,99],{"class":87},[36,82742,78778],{"class":91},[36,82744,88],{"class":87},[36,82746,1355],{"class":50},[36,82748,82749,82751,82753,82755,82757,82759],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,82750,142],{"class":141},[36,82752,145],{"class":50},[36,82754,82674],{"class":141},[36,82756,145],{"class":50},[36,82758,162],{"class":148},[36,82760,445],{"class":50},[14,82762,182],{},[26,82764,82766],{"className":28,"code":82765,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"8\n8\npear\n",[33,82767,82768,82772,82776],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,82769,82770],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,82771,2432],{"class":54},[36,82773,82774],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,82775,2432],{"class":54},[36,82777,82778],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,82779,82780],{"class":42},"pear\n",[14,82782,19989],{},[246,82784,82785,82791,82797],{},[249,82786,82787,82790],{},[33,82788,82789],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[249,82792,82793,82796],{},[33,82794,82795],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[249,82798,82799,82802],{},[33,82800,82801],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[21,82804,3720,82806,3723],{"id":82805},"what-max-does",[33,82807,82615],{},[14,82809,82810,1213],{},[33,82811,82615],{},[246,82813,82814,82817,82820,82823],{},[249,82815,82816],{},"Returns the largest item",[249,82818,82819],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[249,82821,82822],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[249,82824,82825],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[14,82827,82828],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[14,82830,82831],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[21,82833,2205],{"id":2204},[14,82835,82836,82837,1213],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[33,82838,82615],{},[26,82840,82842],{"className":28,"code":82841,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[33,82843,82844,82854,82878,82900,82923],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,82845,82846,82848,82850,82852],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,82847,82674],{"class":141},[36,82849,145],{"class":50},[36,82851,3764],{"class":148},[36,82853,152],{"class":50},[36,82855,82856,82858,82860,82862,82864,82867,82869,82871,82873,82876],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,82857,82674],{"class":141},[36,82859,145],{"class":50},[36,82861,3764],{"class":148},[36,82863,58],{"class":50},[36,82865,82866],{"class":46}," *",[36,82868,58],{"class":50},[36,82870,21611],{"class":9210},[36,82872,47],{"class":46},[36,82874,82875],{"class":148},"func",[36,82877,152],{"class":50},[36,82879,82880,82882,82884,82886,82888,82890,82892,82894,82896,82898],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,82881,82674],{"class":141},[36,82883,145],{"class":50},[36,82885,3764],{"class":148},[36,82887,58],{"class":50},[36,82889,82866],{"class":46},[36,82891,58],{"class":50},[36,82893,26557],{"class":9210},[36,82895,47],{"class":46},[36,82897,1495],{"class":148},[36,82899,152],{"class":50},[36,82901,82902,82904,82906,82909,82911,82914,82916,82918,82921],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,82903,82674],{"class":141},[36,82905,145],{"class":50},[36,82907,82908],{"class":148},"arg1",[36,82910,58],{"class":50},[36,82912,82913],{"class":148}," arg2",[36,82915,58],{"class":50},[36,82917,82866],{"class":46},[36,82919,82920],{"class":148},"args",[36,82922,152],{"class":50},[36,82924,82925,82927,82929,82931,82933,82935,82937,82939,82941,82943,82945,82947,82949],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,82926,82674],{"class":141},[36,82928,145],{"class":50},[36,82930,82908],{"class":148},[36,82932,58],{"class":50},[36,82934,82913],{"class":148},[36,82936,58],{"class":50},[36,82938,82866],{"class":46},[36,82940,82920],{"class":148},[36,82942,58],{"class":50},[36,82944,21611],{"class":9210},[36,82946,47],{"class":46},[36,82948,82875],{"class":148},[36,82950,152],{"class":50},[14,82952,82953],{},"The most important parts are:",[246,82955,82956,82961,82966],{},[249,82957,82958,82960],{},[33,82959,3764],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[249,82962,82963,82965],{},[33,82964,14874],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[249,82967,82968,82971],{},[33,82969,82970],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[21,82973,1462,82975,82977],{"id":82974},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[33,82976,82615],{}," with a list of numbers",[14,82979,82980],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[26,82982,82984],{"className":28,"code":82983,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[33,82985,82986,83012,83028,83032],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,82987,82988,82990,82992,82994,82997,82999,83001,83003,83005,83007,83010],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,82989,5103],{"class":42},[36,82991,47],{"class":46},[36,82993,1333],{"class":50},[36,82995,82996],{"class":54},"72",[36,82998,58],{"class":50},[36,83000,51549],{"class":54},[36,83002,58],{"class":50},[36,83004,13540],{"class":54},[36,83006,58],{"class":50},[36,83008,83009],{"class":54}," 66",[36,83011,1355],{"class":50},[36,83013,83014,83017,83019,83022,83024,83026],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,83015,83016],{"class":42},"highest_score ",[36,83018,47],{"class":46},[36,83020,83021],{"class":141}," max",[36,83023,145],{"class":50},[36,83025,16418],{"class":148},[36,83027,152],{"class":50},[36,83029,83030],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,83031,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,83033,83034,83036,83038,83041],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,83035,142],{"class":141},[36,83037,145],{"class":50},[36,83039,83040],{"class":148},"highest_score",[36,83042,152],{"class":50},[14,83044,182],{},[26,83046,83048],{"className":28,"code":83047,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"91\n",[33,83049,83050],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,83051,83052],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,83053,83047],{"class":54},[14,83055,83056],{},"This works well for:",[246,83058,83059,83062,83065,83068],{},[249,83060,83061],{},"Scores",[249,83063,83064],{},"Prices",[249,83066,83067],{},"Ages",[249,83069,83070],{},"Counts",[14,83072,1231],{},[26,83074,83076],{"className":28,"code":83075,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[33,83077,83078,83106],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,83079,83080,83083,83085,83087,83089,83091,83094,83096,83099,83101,83104],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,83081,83082],{"class":42},"prices ",[36,83084,47],{"class":46},[36,83086,1333],{"class":50},[36,83088,40435],{"class":54},[36,83090,58],{"class":50},[36,83092,83093],{"class":54}," 5.50",[36,83095,58],{"class":50},[36,83097,83098],{"class":54}," 12.75",[36,83100,58],{"class":50},[36,83102,83103],{"class":54}," 29.00",[36,83105,1355],{"class":50},[36,83107,83108,83110,83112,83114,83116,83119],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,83109,142],{"class":141},[36,83111,145],{"class":50},[36,83113,82674],{"class":141},[36,83115,145],{"class":50},[36,83117,83118],{"class":148},"prices",[36,83120,445],{"class":50},[14,83122,182],{},[26,83124,83126],{"className":28,"code":83125,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"29.0\n",[33,83127,83128],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,83129,83130],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,83131,83125],{"class":54},[14,83133,83134,83135,83137,83138,303],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[33,83136,82615],{}," is simpler than ",[294,83139,83140],{"href":74555},[33,83141,74458],{},[21,83143,1462,83145,83147],{"id":83144},"using-max-with-separate-values",[33,83146,82615],{}," with separate values",[14,83149,83150],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[26,83152,83154],{"className":28,"code":83153,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[33,83155,83156],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,83157,83158,83160,83162,83164,83166,83168,83170,83172,83174,83176],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,83159,142],{"class":141},[36,83161,145],{"class":50},[36,83163,82674],{"class":141},[36,83165,145],{"class":50},[36,83167,2554],{"class":54},[36,83169,58],{"class":50},[36,83171,30976],{"class":54},[36,83173,58],{"class":50},[36,83175,6033],{"class":54},[36,83177,445],{"class":50},[14,83179,182],{},[26,83181,83182],{"className":28,"code":2275,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,83183,83184],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,83185,83186],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,83187,2275],{"class":54},[14,83189,83190],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[14,83192,83193],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[26,83195,83197],{"className":28,"code":83196,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[33,83198,83199,83208,83216,83226,83230,83253],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,83200,83201,83203,83205],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,83202,2604],{"class":42},[36,83204,47],{"class":46},[36,83206,83207],{"class":54}," 15\n",[36,83209,83210,83212,83214],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,83211,2632],{"class":42},[36,83213,47],{"class":46},[36,83215,2819],{"class":54},[36,83217,83218,83221,83223],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,83219,83220],{"class":42},"c ",[36,83222,47],{"class":46},[36,83224,83225],{"class":54}," 27\n",[36,83227,83228],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,83229,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,83231,83232,83235,83237,83239,83241,83243,83245,83247,83249,83251],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,83233,83234],{"class":42},"largest ",[36,83236,47],{"class":46},[36,83238,83021],{"class":141},[36,83240,145],{"class":50},[36,83242,294],{"class":148},[36,83244,58],{"class":50},[36,83246,2609],{"class":148},[36,83248,58],{"class":50},[36,83250,9712],{"class":148},[36,83252,152],{"class":50},[36,83254,83255,83257,83259,83262],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,83256,142],{"class":141},[36,83258,145],{"class":50},[36,83260,83261],{"class":148},"largest",[36,83263,152],{"class":50},[14,83265,182],{},[26,83267,83268],{"className":28,"code":46650,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,83269,83270],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,83271,83272],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,83273,46650],{"class":54},[14,83275,83276],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[21,83278,1462,83280,47096],{"id":83279},"using-max-with-strings",[33,83281,82615],{},[14,83283,83284,83286],{},[33,83285,82615],{}," can compare strings too.",[26,83288,83290],{"className":28,"code":83289,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[33,83291,83292,83324],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,83293,83294,83296,83298,83300,83302,83304,83306,83308,83310,83312,83314,83316,83318,83320,83322],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,83295,75],{"class":42},[36,83297,47],{"class":46},[36,83299,1333],{"class":50},[36,83301,88],{"class":87},[36,83303,92],{"class":91},[36,83305,88],{"class":87},[36,83307,58],{"class":50},[36,83309,99],{"class":87},[36,83311,102],{"class":91},[36,83313,88],{"class":87},[36,83315,58],{"class":50},[36,83317,99],{"class":87},[36,83319,78778],{"class":91},[36,83321,88],{"class":87},[36,83323,1355],{"class":50},[36,83325,83326,83328,83330,83332,83334,83336],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,83327,142],{"class":141},[36,83329,145],{"class":50},[36,83331,82674],{"class":141},[36,83333,145],{"class":50},[36,83335,162],{"class":148},[36,83337,445],{"class":50},[14,83339,182],{},[26,83341,83342],{"className":28,"code":82780,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,83343,83344],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,83345,83346],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,83347,82780],{"class":42},[14,83349,83350],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[14,83352,68319],{},[246,83354,83355,83364,83367],{},[249,83356,83357,83360,83361,83363],{},[33,83358,83359],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[33,83362,65310],{}," alphabetically",[249,83365,83366],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[249,83368,83369],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[14,83371,2257],{},[26,83373,83375],{"className":28,"code":83374,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[33,83376,83377,83410],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,83378,83379,83381,83383,83385,83387,83389,83391,83393,83395,83398,83400,83402,83404,83406,83408],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,83380,75],{"class":42},[36,83382,47],{"class":46},[36,83384,1333],{"class":50},[36,83386,88],{"class":87},[36,83388,92],{"class":91},[36,83390,88],{"class":87},[36,83392,58],{"class":50},[36,83394,99],{"class":87},[36,83396,83397],{"class":91},"Banana",[36,83399,88],{"class":87},[36,83401,58],{"class":50},[36,83403,99],{"class":87},[36,83405,78778],{"class":91},[36,83407,88],{"class":87},[36,83409,1355],{"class":50},[36,83411,83412,83414,83416,83418,83420,83422],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,83413,142],{"class":141},[36,83415,145],{"class":50},[36,83417,82674],{"class":141},[36,83419,145],{"class":50},[36,83421,162],{"class":148},[36,83423,445],{"class":50},[14,83425,83426],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[14,83428,83429,83430,83432],{},"You can fix that with the ",[33,83431,14874],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[21,83434,36647,83435,36650],{"id":78736},[33,83436,14874],{},[14,83438,2026,83439,83441],{},[33,83440,14874],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[14,83443,83444],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[376,83446,83448],{"id":83447},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[26,83450,83452],{"className":28,"code":83451,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[33,83453,83454,83486],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,83455,83456,83458,83460,83462,83464,83466,83468,83470,83472,83474,83476,83478,83480,83482,83484],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,83457,75],{"class":42},[36,83459,47],{"class":46},[36,83461,1333],{"class":50},[36,83463,88],{"class":87},[36,83465,37082],{"class":91},[36,83467,88],{"class":87},[36,83469,58],{"class":50},[36,83471,99],{"class":87},[36,83473,68362],{"class":91},[36,83475,88],{"class":87},[36,83477,58],{"class":50},[36,83479,99],{"class":87},[36,83481,58165],{"class":91},[36,83483,88],{"class":87},[36,83485,1355],{"class":50},[36,83487,83488,83490,83492,83494,83496,83498,83500,83502,83504,83506],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,83489,142],{"class":141},[36,83491,145],{"class":50},[36,83493,82674],{"class":141},[36,83495,145],{"class":50},[36,83497,162],{"class":148},[36,83499,58],{"class":50},[36,83501,21611],{"class":9210},[36,83503,47],{"class":46},[36,83505,438],{"class":141},[36,83507,445],{"class":50},[14,83509,182],{},[26,83511,83513],{"className":28,"code":83512,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"elephant\n",[33,83514,83515],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,83516,83517],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,83518,83512],{"class":42},[14,83520,20803,83521,83524],{},[33,83522,83523],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[14,83526,83527,83528,33662,83530,303],{},"If you are new to ",[33,83529,42398],{},[294,83531,83532,5822],{"href":42395},[33,83533,42398],{},[376,83535,83537],{"id":83536},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[26,83539,83541],{"className":28,"code":83540,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[33,83542,83543,83575],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,83544,83545,83547,83549,83551,83553,83555,83557,83559,83561,83563,83565,83567,83569,83571,83573],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,83546,75],{"class":42},[36,83548,47],{"class":46},[36,83550,1333],{"class":50},[36,83552,88],{"class":87},[36,83554,92],{"class":91},[36,83556,88],{"class":87},[36,83558,58],{"class":50},[36,83560,99],{"class":87},[36,83562,83397],{"class":91},[36,83564,88],{"class":87},[36,83566,58],{"class":50},[36,83568,99],{"class":87},[36,83570,78778],{"class":91},[36,83572,88],{"class":87},[36,83574,1355],{"class":50},[36,83576,83577,83579,83581,83583,83585,83587,83589,83591,83593,83595,83597,83599],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,83578,142],{"class":141},[36,83580,145],{"class":50},[36,83582,82674],{"class":141},[36,83584,145],{"class":50},[36,83586,162],{"class":148},[36,83588,58],{"class":50},[36,83590,21611],{"class":9210},[36,83592,47],{"class":46},[36,83594,3488],{"class":80},[36,83596,303],{"class":50},[36,83598,8677],{"class":24783},[36,83600,445],{"class":50},[14,83602,182],{},[26,83604,83605],{"className":28,"code":82780,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,83606,83607],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,83608,83609],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,83610,82780],{"class":42},[14,83612,20803,83613,83615],{},[33,83614,78732],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[376,83617,83619],{"id":83618},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[14,83621,83622,83623,1213],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[33,83624,37695],{},[26,83626,83628],{"className":28,"code":83627,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[33,83629,83630,83673],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,83631,83632,83634,83636,83638,83640,83642,83644,83646,83648,83651,83653,83655,83657,83660,83662,83664,83666,83669,83671],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,83633,1328],{"class":42},[36,83635,47],{"class":46},[36,83637,1333],{"class":50},[36,83639,88],{"class":87},[36,83641,294],{"class":91},[36,83643,88],{"class":87},[36,83645,58],{"class":50},[36,83647,99],{"class":87},[36,83649,83650],{"class":91},"bb",[36,83652,88],{"class":87},[36,83654,58],{"class":50},[36,83656,99],{"class":87},[36,83658,83659],{"class":91},"cccc",[36,83661,88],{"class":87},[36,83663,58],{"class":50},[36,83665,99],{"class":87},[36,83667,83668],{"class":91},"ddd",[36,83670,88],{"class":87},[36,83672,1355],{"class":50},[36,83674,83675,83677,83679,83681,83683,83685,83687,83689,83691,83693,83695,83697,83699,83701,83703],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,83676,142],{"class":141},[36,83678,145],{"class":50},[36,83680,82674],{"class":141},[36,83682,145],{"class":50},[36,83684,1369],{"class":148},[36,83686,58],{"class":50},[36,83688,21611],{"class":9210},[36,83690,47],{"class":46},[36,83692,37695],{"class":847},[36,83694,42879],{"class":37698},[36,83696,1213],{"class":50},[36,83698,38422],{"class":141},[36,83700,145],{"class":50},[36,83702,34743],{"class":148},[36,83704,2961],{"class":50},[14,83706,182],{},[26,83708,83710],{"className":28,"code":83709,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"cccc\n",[33,83711,83712],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,83713,83714],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,83715,83709],{"class":42},[14,83717,49588,83718,482,83720,83722],{},[33,83719,83523],{},[33,83721,78619],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[21,83724,36647,83726,36650],{"id":83725},"using-the-default-argument",[33,83727,82970],{},[14,83729,2026,83730,83732],{},[33,83731,82970],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[14,83734,83735],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[26,83737,83739],{"className":28,"code":83738,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[33,83740,83741,83749],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,83742,83743,83745,83747],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,83744,43],{"class":42},[36,83746,47],{"class":46},[36,83748,7874],{"class":50},[36,83750,83751,83753,83755,83757,83759,83761,83763,83765,83767,83769],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,83752,142],{"class":141},[36,83754,145],{"class":50},[36,83756,82674],{"class":141},[36,83758,145],{"class":50},[36,83760,149],{"class":148},[36,83762,58],{"class":50},[36,83764,26557],{"class":9210},[36,83766,47],{"class":46},[36,83768,2166],{"class":54},[36,83770,445],{"class":50},[14,83772,182],{},[26,83774,83775],{"className":28,"code":47289,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,83776,83777],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,83778,83779],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,83780,47289],{"class":54},[14,83782,83783],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[14,83785,83786,83787,83789],{},"Without ",[33,83788,82970],{},", this would raise an error.",[14,83791,1231],{},[26,83793,83795],{"className":28,"code":83794,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[33,83796,83797,83805,83832],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,83798,83799,83801,83803],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,83800,75],{"class":42},[36,83802,47],{"class":46},[36,83804,7874],{"class":50},[36,83806,83807,83809,83811,83813,83815,83817,83819,83821,83823,83825,83828,83830],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,83808,2280],{"class":42},[36,83810,47],{"class":46},[36,83812,83021],{"class":141},[36,83814,145],{"class":50},[36,83816,162],{"class":148},[36,83818,58],{"class":50},[36,83820,26557],{"class":9210},[36,83822,47],{"class":46},[36,83824,88],{"class":87},[36,83826,83827],{"class":91},"no words found",[36,83829,88],{"class":87},[36,83831,152],{"class":50},[36,83833,83834,83836,83838,83840],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,83835,142],{"class":141},[36,83837,145],{"class":50},[36,83839,2315],{"class":148},[36,83841,152],{"class":50},[14,83843,182],{},[26,83845,83847],{"className":28,"code":83846,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"no words found\n",[33,83848,83849],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,83850,83851],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,83852,83846],{"class":42},[14,83854,83855],{},"Important:",[246,83857,83858,83866],{},[249,83859,83860,83862,83863],{},[33,83861,82970],{}," works with ",[33,83864,83865],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[249,83867,40942,83868,83870,83871],{},[180,83869,870],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[33,83872,83873],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[21,83875,48024],{"id":48023},[14,83877,83878,83879,303],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[33,83880,82615],{},[376,83882,83884,83886],{"id":83883},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[33,83885,40740],{}," with an empty iterable",[14,83888,83889,83890,45946,83892,303],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[33,83891,82970],{},[33,83893,40740],{},[26,83895,83897],{"className":28,"code":83896,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[33,83898,83899,83907],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,83900,83901,83903,83905],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,83902,43],{"class":42},[36,83904,47],{"class":46},[36,83906,7874],{"class":50},[36,83908,83909,83911,83913,83915,83917,83919],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,83910,142],{"class":141},[36,83912,145],{"class":50},[36,83914,82674],{"class":141},[36,83916,145],{"class":50},[36,83918,149],{"class":148},[36,83920,445],{"class":50},[14,83922,29716],{},[26,83924,83926],{"className":28,"code":83925,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[33,83927,83928],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,83929,83930,83932,83934,83936,83938,83941,83943],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,83931,40740],{"class":80},[36,83933,1213],{"class":50},[36,83935,83021],{"class":141},[36,83937,7405],{"class":50},[36,83939,83940],{"class":42}," arg ",[36,83942,12224],{"class":46},[36,83944,83945],{"class":42}," an empty sequence\n",[14,83947,83948,83949,1213],{},"Fix it by using ",[33,83950,82970],{},[26,83952,83954],{"className":28,"code":83953,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[33,83955,83956,83964],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,83957,83958,83960,83962],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,83959,43],{"class":42},[36,83961,47],{"class":46},[36,83963,7874],{"class":50},[36,83965,83966,83968,83970,83972,83974,83976,83978,83980,83982,83984],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,83967,142],{"class":141},[36,83969,145],{"class":50},[36,83971,82674],{"class":141},[36,83973,145],{"class":50},[36,83975,149],{"class":148},[36,83977,58],{"class":50},[36,83979,26557],{"class":9210},[36,83981,47],{"class":46},[36,83983,3822],{"class":1143},[36,83985,445],{"class":50},[14,83987,83988,83989,303],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[294,83990,65875],{"href":72912},[376,83992,83994,83996],{"id":83993},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[33,83995,1210],{}," when items cannot be compared",[14,83998,83999,84000,303],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[33,84001,1210],{},[26,84003,84005],{"className":28,"code":84004,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[33,84006,84007,84031],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,84008,84009,84011,84013,84015,84017,84019,84021,84023,84025,84027,84029],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,84010,1328],{"class":42},[36,84012,47],{"class":46},[36,84014,1333],{"class":50},[36,84016,631],{"class":54},[36,84018,58],{"class":50},[36,84020,99],{"class":87},[36,84022,15783],{"class":91},[36,84024,88],{"class":87},[36,84026,58],{"class":50},[36,84028,645],{"class":54},[36,84030,1355],{"class":50},[36,84032,84033,84035,84037,84039,84041,84043],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,84034,142],{"class":141},[36,84036,145],{"class":50},[36,84038,82674],{"class":141},[36,84040,145],{"class":50},[36,84042,1369],{"class":148},[36,84044,445],{"class":50},[14,84046,84047],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[14,84049,84050],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[26,84052,84054],{"className":28,"code":84053,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[33,84055,84056,84076],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,84057,84058,84060,84062,84064,84066,84068,84070,84072,84074],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,84059,1328],{"class":42},[36,84061,47],{"class":46},[36,84063,1333],{"class":50},[36,84065,631],{"class":54},[36,84067,58],{"class":50},[36,84069,636],{"class":54},[36,84071,58],{"class":50},[36,84073,645],{"class":54},[36,84075,1355],{"class":50},[36,84077,84078,84080,84082,84084,84086,84088],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,84079,142],{"class":141},[36,84081,145],{"class":50},[36,84083,82674],{"class":141},[36,84085,145],{"class":50},[36,84087,1369],{"class":148},[36,84089,445],{"class":50},[14,84091,84092,84093,303],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[294,84094,84096],{"href":84095},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[376,84098,84100,84102],{"id":84099},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[33,84101,1210],{}," when called with no arguments",[14,84104,84105,84107],{},[33,84106,82615],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[26,84109,84111],{"className":28,"code":84110,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(max())\n",[33,84112,84113],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,84114,84115,84117,84119,84121],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,84116,142],{"class":141},[36,84118,145],{"class":50},[36,84120,82674],{"class":141},[36,84122,1847],{"class":50},[14,84124,3050,84125,303],{},[33,84126,1210],{},[21,84128,84130,10615,84132],{"id":84129},"max-vs-sorted",[33,84131,82615],{},[33,84133,74458],{},[14,84135,84136],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[14,84138,84139,1213],{},[33,84140,82615],{},[246,84142,84143],{},[249,84144,84145],{},"Returns one largest item",[14,84147,84148,1213],{},[33,84149,74458],{},[246,84151,84152],{},[249,84153,84154],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[14,84156,2257],{},[26,84158,84160],{"className":28,"code":84159,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[33,84161,84162,84186,84190,84204],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,84163,84164,84166,84168,84170,84172,84174,84176,84178,84180,84182,84184],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,84165,43],{"class":42},[36,84167,47],{"class":46},[36,84169,1333],{"class":50},[36,84171,485],{"class":54},[36,84173,58],{"class":50},[36,84175,6399],{"class":54},[36,84177,58],{"class":50},[36,84179,61],{"class":54},[36,84181,58],{"class":50},[36,84183,4644],{"class":54},[36,84185,1355],{"class":50},[36,84187,84188],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,84189,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,84191,84192,84194,84196,84198,84200,84202],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,84193,142],{"class":141},[36,84195,145],{"class":50},[36,84197,82674],{"class":141},[36,84199,145],{"class":50},[36,84201,149],{"class":148},[36,84203,445],{"class":50},[36,84205,84206,84208,84210,84212,84214,84216],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,84207,142],{"class":141},[36,84209,145],{"class":50},[36,84211,74548],{"class":141},[36,84213,145],{"class":50},[36,84215,149],{"class":148},[36,84217,445],{"class":50},[14,84219,182],{},[26,84221,84223],{"className":28,"code":84222,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[33,84224,84225,84229],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,84226,84227],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,84228,2432],{"class":54},[36,84230,84231,84233,84235,84237,84239,84241,84243,84245,84247],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,84232,3941],{"class":50},[36,84234,481],{"class":54},[36,84236,58],{"class":50},[36,84238,66],{"class":54},[36,84240,58],{"class":50},[36,84242,4644],{"class":54},[36,84244,58],{"class":50},[36,84246,6399],{"class":54},[36,84248,1355],{"class":50},[14,84250,495,84251,84253],{},[33,84252,82615],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[14,84255,495,84256,84260],{},[294,84257,84258],{"href":74555},[33,84259,74458],{}," when you need all items in order.",[14,84262,84263,84264,303],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[294,84265,84267],{"href":84266},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[33,84268,84269],{},"min()",[21,84271,1455],{"id":1454},[14,84273,84274],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[246,84276,84277,84284,84287,84292,84295],{},[249,84278,29685,84279,84281,84282],{},[33,84280,82615],{}," on an empty list without ",[33,84283,82970],{},[249,84285,84286],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[249,84288,8489,84289,84291],{},[33,84290,82615],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[249,84293,84294],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[249,84296,1462,84297,84299],{},[33,84298,82970],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[14,84301,11143],{},[26,84303,84305],{"className":28,"code":84304,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[33,84306,84307,84317,84331,84345,84359,84381],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,84308,84309,84311,84313,84315],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,84310,142],{"class":141},[36,84312,145],{"class":50},[36,84314,1369],{"class":148},[36,84316,152],{"class":50},[36,84318,84319,84321,84323,84325,84327,84329],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,84320,142],{"class":141},[36,84322,145],{"class":50},[36,84324,818],{"class":80},[36,84326,145],{"class":50},[36,84328,1369],{"class":148},[36,84330,445],{"class":50},[36,84332,84333,84335,84337,84339,84341,84343],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,84334,142],{"class":141},[36,84336,145],{"class":50},[36,84338,438],{"class":141},[36,84340,145],{"class":50},[36,84342,1369],{"class":148},[36,84344,445],{"class":50},[36,84346,84347,84349,84351,84353,84355,84357],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,84348,142],{"class":141},[36,84350,145],{"class":50},[36,84352,82674],{"class":141},[36,84354,145],{"class":50},[36,84356,1369],{"class":148},[36,84358,445],{"class":50},[36,84360,84361,84363,84365,84367,84369,84371,84373,84375,84377,84379],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,84362,142],{"class":141},[36,84364,145],{"class":50},[36,84366,82674],{"class":141},[36,84368,145],{"class":50},[36,84370,1369],{"class":148},[36,84372,58],{"class":50},[36,84374,26557],{"class":9210},[36,84376,47],{"class":46},[36,84378,3822],{"class":1143},[36,84380,445],{"class":50},[36,84382,84383,84385,84387,84389,84391,84393,84395,84397,84399,84401,84403],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,84384,142],{"class":141},[36,84386,84],{"class":50},[36,84388,818],{"class":80},[36,84390,145],{"class":50},[36,84392,2222],{"class":148},[36,84394,3703],{"class":50},[36,84396,3918],{"class":3917},[36,84398,3921],{"class":148},[36,84400,3924],{"class":3917},[36,84402,6005],{"class":148},[36,84404,115],{"class":50},[14,84406,84407],{},"These are useful for checking:",[246,84409,84410,84415,84420,84423],{},[249,84411,84412,84413],{},"What is actually inside ",[33,84414,1369],{},[249,84416,79785,84417,84419],{},[33,84418,1369],{}," is a list or some other type",[249,84421,84422],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[249,84424,84425],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[14,84427,69383,84428,84431,84432,84434],{},[33,84429,84430],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[33,84433,1369],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[21,84436,1872],{"id":1871},[376,84438,5182,84440,5185],{"id":84439},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[33,84441,82615],{},[14,84443,84444],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[376,84446,5210,84448,84450],{"id":84447},"can-max-work-with-strings",[33,84449,82615],{}," work with strings?",[14,84452,84453],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[376,84455,71682],{"id":71681},[14,84457,84458,52533,84460,84462,84463,84465],{},[33,84459,82615],{},[33,84461,40740],{}," unless you use the ",[33,84464,82970],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[376,84467,84469,84470,2541],{"id":84468},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[33,84471,82615],{},[14,84473,495,84474,1213],{},[33,84475,83523],{},[26,84477,84478],{"className":28,"code":83451,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,84479,84480,84512],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,84481,84482,84484,84486,84488,84490,84492,84494,84496,84498,84500,84502,84504,84506,84508,84510],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,84483,75],{"class":42},[36,84485,47],{"class":46},[36,84487,1333],{"class":50},[36,84489,88],{"class":87},[36,84491,37082],{"class":91},[36,84493,88],{"class":87},[36,84495,58],{"class":50},[36,84497,99],{"class":87},[36,84499,68362],{"class":91},[36,84501,88],{"class":87},[36,84503,58],{"class":50},[36,84505,99],{"class":87},[36,84507,58165],{"class":91},[36,84509,88],{"class":87},[36,84511,1355],{"class":50},[36,84513,84514,84516,84518,84520,84522,84524,84526,84528,84530,84532],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,84515,142],{"class":141},[36,84517,145],{"class":50},[36,84519,82674],{"class":141},[36,84521,145],{"class":50},[36,84523,162],{"class":148},[36,84525,58],{"class":50},[36,84527,21611],{"class":9210},[36,84529,47],{"class":46},[36,84531,438],{"class":141},[36,84533,445],{"class":50},[376,84535,5220,84537,482,84539,2541],{"id":84536},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[33,84538,82615],{},[33,84540,74458],{},[14,84542,84543,84545,84546,84548],{},[33,84544,82615],{}," returns one largest item. 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":84587},[84588,84589,84591,84592,84594,84596,84598,84603,84605,84613,84615,84616,84627],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":82805,"depth":72,"text":84590},"What max() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":82974,"depth":72,"text":84593},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83144,"depth":72,"text":84595},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83279,"depth":72,"text":84597},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78736,"depth":72,"text":79934,"children":84599},[84600,84601,84602],{"id":83447,"depth":118,"text":83448},{"id":83536,"depth":118,"text":83537},{"id":83618,"depth":118,"text":83619},{"id":83725,"depth":72,"text":84604},"Using the default argument",{"id":48023,"depth":72,"text":48024,"children":84606},[84607,84609,84611],{"id":83883,"depth":118,"text":84608},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83993,"depth":118,"text":84610},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84099,"depth":118,"text":84612},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84129,"depth":72,"text":84614},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":84617},[84618,84620,84622,84623,84625],{"id":84439,"depth":118,"text":84619},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84447,"depth":118,"text":84621},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71681,"depth":118,"text":71682},{"id":84468,"depth":118,"text":84624},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84536,"depth":118,"text":84626},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82607,"description":84628},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84635,"title":84636,"body":84637,"description":86591,"extension":2009,"meta":86592,"navigation":134,"path":86593,"seo":86594,"stem":86595,"__hash__":86596},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84638,"toc":86548},[84639,84644,84649,84655,84657,84731,84733,84746,84751,84756,84772,84776,84781,84857,84863,84866,84909,84911,84919,84925,84928,84959,84961,84969,84975,84980,85039,85041,85050,85053,85063,85069,85074,85109,85111,85119,85125,85131,85136,85180,85182,85191,85194,85234,85236,85245,85248,85260,85265,85270,85321,85323,85332,85335,85386,85388,85397,85400,85407,85413,85418,85420,85435,85439,85499,85501,85510,85514,85686,85688,85725,85732,85738,85741,85768,85770,85791,85796,85831,85833,85841,85844,85847,85863,85868,85870,85874,85880,85884,85911,85914,85924,85964,85968,85971,86014,86016,86025,86028,86033,86102,86104,86112,86117,86121,86124,86175,86177,86185,86188,86251,86253,86261,86264,86269,86273,86286,86293,86301,86303,86305,86335,86341,86442,86452,86454,86459,86462,86467,86470,86472,86480,86488,86496,86503,86511,86513,86545],[10,84640,1935,84642,3624],{"id":84641},"python-min-function-explained",[33,84643,84269],{},[14,84645,84646,84648],{},[33,84647,84269],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[14,84650,84651,84652,84654],{},"This page explains what ",[33,84653,84269],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[21,84656,2051],{"id":2050},[26,84658,84660],{"className":28,"code":84659,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[33,84661,84662,84686,84701,84705],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,84663,84664,84666,84668,84670,84672,84674,84676,84678,84680,84682,84684],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,84665,43],{"class":42},[36,84667,47],{"class":46},[36,84669,1333],{"class":50},[36,84671,2183],{"class":54},[36,84673,58],{"class":50},[36,84675,61],{"class":54},[36,84677,58],{"class":50},[36,84679,54175],{"class":54},[36,84681,58],{"class":50},[36,84683,1340],{"class":54},[36,84685,1355],{"class":50},[36,84687,84688,84690,84692,84695,84697,84699],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,84689,142],{"class":141},[36,84691,145],{"class":50},[36,84693,84694],{"class":141},"min",[36,84696,145],{"class":50},[36,84698,149],{"class":148},[36,84700,445],{"class":50},[36,84702,84703],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,84704,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,84706,84707,84709,84711,84713,84715,84717,84719,84721,84723,84725,84727,84729],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,84708,142],{"class":141},[36,84710,145],{"class":50},[36,84712,84694],{"class":141},[36,84714,145],{"class":50},[36,84716,2183],{"class":54},[36,84718,58],{"class":50},[36,84720,61],{"class":54},[36,84722,58],{"class":50},[36,84724,54175],{"class":54},[36,84726,58],{"class":50},[36,84728,1340],{"class":54},[36,84730,445],{"class":50},[14,84732,182],{},[26,84734,84736],{"className":28,"code":84735,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"1\n1\n",[33,84737,84738,84742],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,84739,84740],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,84741,46954],{"class":54},[36,84743,84744],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,84745,46954],{"class":54},[14,84747,495,84748,84750],{},[33,84749,84269],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[21,84752,3720,84754,3723],{"id":84753},"what-min-does",[33,84755,84269],{},[246,84757,84758,84763,84766,84769],{},[249,84759,84760,84762],{},[33,84761,84269],{}," returns the smallest item",[249,84764,84765],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[249,84767,84768],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[249,84770,84771],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[21,84773,84775],{"id":84774},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[14,84777,84778,84779,1213],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[33,84780,84269],{},[26,84782,84784],{"className":28,"code":84783,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[33,84785,84786,84796,84821,84839],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,84787,84788,84790,84792,84794],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,84789,84694],{"class":141},[36,84791,145],{"class":50},[36,84793,3764],{"class":148},[36,84795,152],{"class":50},[36,84797,84798,84800,84802,84805,84807,84810,84812,84815,84817,84819],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,84799,84694],{"class":141},[36,84801,145],{"class":50},[36,84803,84804],{"class":148},"value1",[36,84806,58],{"class":50},[36,84808,84809],{"class":148}," value2",[36,84811,58],{"class":50},[36,84813,84814],{"class":148}," value3",[36,84816,58],{"class":50},[36,84818,34488],{"class":141},[36,84820,152],{"class":50},[36,84822,84823,84825,84827,84829,84831,84833,84835,84837],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,84824,84694],{"class":141},[36,84826,145],{"class":50},[36,84828,3764],{"class":148},[36,84830,58],{"class":50},[36,84832,21611],{"class":9210},[36,84834,47],{"class":46},[36,84836,37406],{"class":141},[36,84838,152],{"class":50},[36,84840,84841,84843,84845,84847,84849,84851,84853,84855],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,84842,84694],{"class":141},[36,84844,145],{"class":50},[36,84846,3764],{"class":148},[36,84848,58],{"class":50},[36,84850,26557],{"class":9210},[36,84852,47],{"class":46},[36,84854,37406],{"class":141},[36,84856,152],{"class":50},[376,84858,84860],{"id":84859},"miniterable",[33,84861,84862],{},"min(iterable)",[14,84864,84865],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[26,84867,84869],{"className":28,"code":84868,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[33,84870,84871,84895],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,84872,84873,84875,84877,84879,84881,84883,84885,84887,84889,84891,84893],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,84874,43],{"class":42},[36,84876,47],{"class":46},[36,84878,1333],{"class":50},[36,84880,2396],{"class":54},[36,84882,58],{"class":50},[36,84884,66],{"class":54},[36,84886,58],{"class":50},[36,84888,30976],{"class":54},[36,84890,58],{"class":50},[36,84892,1340],{"class":54},[36,84894,1355],{"class":50},[36,84896,84897,84899,84901,84903,84905,84907],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,84898,142],{"class":141},[36,84900,145],{"class":50},[36,84902,84694],{"class":141},[36,84904,145],{"class":50},[36,84906,149],{"class":148},[36,84908,445],{"class":50},[14,84910,182],{},[26,84912,84913],{"className":28,"code":46954,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,84914,84915],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,84916,84917],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,84918,46954],{"class":54},[376,84920,84922],{"id":84921},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[33,84923,84924],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[14,84926,84927],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[26,84929,84931],{"className":28,"code":84930,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[33,84932,84933],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,84934,84935,84937,84939,84941,84943,84945,84947,84949,84951,84953,84955,84957],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,84936,142],{"class":141},[36,84938,145],{"class":50},[36,84940,84694],{"class":141},[36,84942,145],{"class":50},[36,84944,2396],{"class":54},[36,84946,58],{"class":50},[36,84948,66],{"class":54},[36,84950,58],{"class":50},[36,84952,30976],{"class":54},[36,84954,58],{"class":50},[36,84956,1340],{"class":54},[36,84958,445],{"class":50},[14,84960,182],{},[26,84962,84963],{"className":28,"code":46954,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,84964,84965],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,84966,84967],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,84968,46954],{"class":54},[376,84970,84972],{"id":84971},"miniterable-key",[33,84973,84974],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[14,84976,495,84977,84979],{},[33,84978,14874],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[26,84981,84983],{"className":28,"code":84982,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[33,84984,84985,85017],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,84986,84987,84989,84991,84993,84995,84997,84999,85001,85003,85005,85007,85009,85011,85013,85015],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,84988,75],{"class":42},[36,84990,47],{"class":46},[36,84992,1333],{"class":50},[36,84994,88],{"class":87},[36,84996,78778],{"class":91},[36,84998,88],{"class":87},[36,85000,58],{"class":50},[36,85002,99],{"class":87},[36,85004,38377],{"class":91},[36,85006,88],{"class":87},[36,85008,58],{"class":50},[36,85010,99],{"class":87},[36,85012,102],{"class":91},[36,85014,88],{"class":87},[36,85016,1355],{"class":50},[36,85018,85019,85021,85023,85025,85027,85029,85031,85033,85035,85037],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,85020,142],{"class":141},[36,85022,145],{"class":50},[36,85024,84694],{"class":141},[36,85026,145],{"class":50},[36,85028,162],{"class":148},[36,85030,58],{"class":50},[36,85032,21611],{"class":9210},[36,85034,47],{"class":46},[36,85036,438],{"class":141},[36,85038,445],{"class":50},[14,85040,182],{},[26,85042,85044],{"className":28,"code":85043,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"kiwi\n",[33,85045,85046],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,85047,85048],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,85049,85043],{"class":42},[14,85051,85052],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[14,85054,85055,85056,85058,85059,303],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[33,85057,42398],{},", see the ",[294,85060,85061,3554],{"href":42395},[33,85062,42398],{},[376,85064,85066],{"id":85065},"miniterable-default",[33,85067,85068],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[14,85070,495,85071,85073],{},[33,85072,82970],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[26,85075,85077],{"className":28,"code":85076,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[33,85078,85079,85087],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,85080,85081,85083,85085],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,85082,43],{"class":42},[36,85084,47],{"class":46},[36,85086,7874],{"class":50},[36,85088,85089,85091,85093,85095,85097,85099,85101,85103,85105,85107],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,85090,142],{"class":141},[36,85092,145],{"class":50},[36,85094,84694],{"class":141},[36,85096,145],{"class":50},[36,85098,149],{"class":148},[36,85100,58],{"class":50},[36,85102,26557],{"class":9210},[36,85104,47],{"class":46},[36,85106,2166],{"class":54},[36,85108,445],{"class":50},[14,85110,182],{},[26,85112,85113],{"className":28,"code":47289,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,85114,85115],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,85116,85117],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,85118,47289],{"class":54},[14,85120,85121,85122,85124],{},"This avoids a ",[33,85123,40740],{}," when there is no item to return.",[21,85126,1462,85128,85130],{"id":85127},"using-min-with-numbers",[33,85129,84269],{}," with numbers",[14,85132,85133,85135],{},[33,85134,84269],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[26,85137,85139],{"className":28,"code":85138,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[33,85140,85141,85166],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,85142,85143,85145,85147,85149,85151,85153,85156,85158,85160,85162,85164],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,85144,5103],{"class":42},[36,85146,47],{"class":46},[36,85148,1333],{"class":50},[36,85150,51544],{"class":54},[36,85152,58],{"class":50},[36,85154,85155],{"class":54}," 72",[36,85157,58],{"class":50},[36,85159,28941],{"class":54},[36,85161,58],{"class":50},[36,85163,76134],{"class":54},[36,85165,1355],{"class":50},[36,85167,85168,85170,85172,85174,85176,85178],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,85169,142],{"class":141},[36,85171,145],{"class":50},[36,85173,84694],{"class":141},[36,85175,145],{"class":50},[36,85177,16418],{"class":148},[36,85179,445],{"class":50},[14,85181,182],{},[26,85183,85185],{"className":28,"code":85184,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"60\n",[33,85186,85187],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,85188,85189],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,85190,85184],{"class":54},[14,85192,85193],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[26,85195,85197],{"className":28,"code":85196,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[33,85198,85199,85220],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,85200,85201,85203,85205,85207,85209,85211,85214,85216,85218],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,85202,83082],{"class":42},[36,85204,47],{"class":46},[36,85206,1333],{"class":50},[36,85208,40435],{"class":54},[36,85210,58],{"class":50},[36,85212,85213],{"class":54}," 5.49",[36,85215,58],{"class":50},[36,85217,83098],{"class":54},[36,85219,1355],{"class":50},[36,85221,85222,85224,85226,85228,85230,85232],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,85223,142],{"class":141},[36,85225,145],{"class":50},[36,85227,84694],{"class":141},[36,85229,145],{"class":50},[36,85231,83118],{"class":148},[36,85233,445],{"class":50},[14,85235,182],{},[26,85237,85239],{"className":28,"code":85238,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"5.49\n",[33,85240,85241],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,85242,85243],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,85244,85238],{"class":54},[14,85246,85247],{},"This is useful for things like:",[246,85249,85250,85252,85254,85257],{},[249,85251,16418],{},[249,85253,83118],{},[249,85255,85256],{},"measurements",[249,85258,85259],{},"ages",[21,85261,1462,85263,47096],{"id":85262},"using-min-with-strings",[33,85264,84269],{},[14,85266,85267,85269],{},[33,85268,84269],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[26,85271,85273],{"className":28,"code":85272,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[33,85274,85275,85307],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,85276,85277,85279,85281,85283,85285,85287,85289,85291,85293,85295,85297,85299,85301,85303,85305],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,85278,75],{"class":42},[36,85280,47],{"class":46},[36,85282,1333],{"class":50},[36,85284,88],{"class":87},[36,85286,102],{"class":91},[36,85288,88],{"class":87},[36,85290,58],{"class":50},[36,85292,99],{"class":87},[36,85294,92],{"class":91},[36,85296,88],{"class":87},[36,85298,58],{"class":50},[36,85300,99],{"class":87},[36,85302,4135],{"class":91},[36,85304,88],{"class":87},[36,85306,1355],{"class":50},[36,85308,85309,85311,85313,85315,85317,85319],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,85310,142],{"class":141},[36,85312,145],{"class":50},[36,85314,84694],{"class":141},[36,85316,145],{"class":50},[36,85318,162],{"class":148},[36,85320,445],{"class":50},[14,85322,182],{},[26,85324,85326],{"className":28,"code":85325,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"apple\n",[33,85327,85328],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,85329,85330],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,85331,85325],{"class":42},[14,85333,85334],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[26,85336,85338],{"className":28,"code":85337,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[33,85339,85340,85372],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,85341,85342,85344,85346,85348,85350,85352,85354,85356,85358,85360,85362,85364,85366,85368,85370],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,85343,75],{"class":42},[36,85345,47],{"class":46},[36,85347,1333],{"class":50},[36,85349,88],{"class":87},[36,85351,102],{"class":91},[36,85353,88],{"class":87},[36,85355,58],{"class":50},[36,85357,99],{"class":87},[36,85359,57806],{"class":91},[36,85361,88],{"class":87},[36,85363,58],{"class":50},[36,85365,99],{"class":87},[36,85367,4135],{"class":91},[36,85369,88],{"class":87},[36,85371,1355],{"class":50},[36,85373,85374,85376,85378,85380,85382,85384],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,85375,142],{"class":141},[36,85377,145],{"class":50},[36,85379,84694],{"class":141},[36,85381,145],{"class":50},[36,85383,162],{"class":148},[36,85385,445],{"class":50},[14,85387,182],{},[26,85389,85391],{"className":28,"code":85390,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Apple\n",[33,85392,85393],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,85394,85395],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,85396,85390],{"class":42},[14,85398,85399],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[14,85401,85402,85403,303],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[294,85404,85405,5822],{"href":74555},[33,85406,74458],{},[21,85408,1462,85410,85412],{"id":85409},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[33,85411,84269],{}," with a key function",[14,85414,2026,85415,85417],{},[33,85416,14874],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[14,85419,11488],{},[246,85421,85422,85427,85432],{},[249,85423,85424,85426],{},[33,85425,14874],{}," changes the comparison rule",[249,85428,85429,85431],{},[33,85430,84269],{}," still returns the original item",[249,85433,85434],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[376,85436,85438],{"id":85437},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[26,85440,85442],{"className":28,"code":85441,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[33,85443,85444,85477],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,85445,85446,85448,85450,85452,85454,85456,85458,85460,85462,85464,85466,85468,85470,85473,85475],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,85447,75],{"class":42},[36,85449,47],{"class":46},[36,85451,1333],{"class":50},[36,85453,88],{"class":87},[36,85455,68362],{"class":91},[36,85457,88],{"class":87},[36,85459,58],{"class":50},[36,85461,99],{"class":87},[36,85463,37082],{"class":91},[36,85465,88],{"class":87},[36,85467,58],{"class":50},[36,85469,99],{"class":87},[36,85471,85472],{"class":91},"giraffe",[36,85474,88],{"class":87},[36,85476,1355],{"class":50},[36,85478,85479,85481,85483,85485,85487,85489,85491,85493,85495,85497],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,85480,142],{"class":141},[36,85482,145],{"class":50},[36,85484,84694],{"class":141},[36,85486,145],{"class":50},[36,85488,162],{"class":148},[36,85490,58],{"class":50},[36,85492,21611],{"class":9210},[36,85494,47],{"class":46},[36,85496,438],{"class":141},[36,85498,445],{"class":50},[14,85500,182],{},[26,85502,85504],{"className":28,"code":85503,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"cat\n",[33,85505,85506],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,85507,85508],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,85509,85503],{"class":42},[376,85511,85513],{"id":85512},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[26,85515,85517],{"className":28,"code":85516,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[33,85518,85519,85529,85564,85596,85628,85632,85636,85675],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,85520,85521,85524,85526],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,85522,85523],{"class":42},"students ",[36,85525,47],{"class":46},[36,85527,85528],{"class":50}," [\n",[36,85530,85531,85534,85536,85538,85540,85542,85544,85546,85548,85550,85552,85555,85557,85559,85561],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,85532,85533],{"class":50},"    {",[36,85535,88],{"class":87},[36,85537,1250],{"class":91},[36,85539,88],{"class":87},[36,85541,1213],{"class":50},[36,85543,99],{"class":87},[36,85545,12912],{"class":91},[36,85547,88],{"class":87},[36,85549,58],{"class":50},[36,85551,99],{"class":87},[36,85553,85554],{"class":91},"score",[36,85556,88],{"class":87},[36,85558,1213],{"class":50},[36,85560,13540],{"class":54},[36,85562,85563],{"class":50},"},\n",[36,85565,85566,85568,85570,85572,85574,85576,85578,85580,85582,85584,85586,85588,85590,85592,85594],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,85567,85533],{"class":50},[36,85569,88],{"class":87},[36,85571,1250],{"class":91},[36,85573,88],{"class":87},[36,85575,1213],{"class":50},[36,85577,99],{"class":87},[36,85579,35977],{"class":91},[36,85581,88],{"class":87},[36,85583,58],{"class":50},[36,85585,99],{"class":87},[36,85587,85554],{"class":91},[36,85589,88],{"class":87},[36,85591,1213],{"class":50},[36,85593,85155],{"class":54},[36,85595,85563],{"class":50},[36,85597,85598,85600,85602,85604,85606,85608,85610,85612,85614,85616,85618,85620,85622,85624,85626],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,85599,85533],{"class":50},[36,85601,88],{"class":87},[36,85603,1250],{"class":91},[36,85605,88],{"class":87},[36,85607,1213],{"class":50},[36,85609,99],{"class":87},[36,85611,35986],{"class":91},[36,85613,88],{"class":87},[36,85615,58],{"class":50},[36,85617,99],{"class":87},[36,85619,85554],{"class":91},[36,85621,88],{"class":87},[36,85623,1213],{"class":50},[36,85625,19930],{"class":54},[36,85627,69],{"class":50},[36,85629,85630],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,85631,1355],{"class":50},[36,85633,85634],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,85635,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,85637,85638,85641,85643,85646,85648,85651,85653,85655,85657,85659,85661,85663,85665,85667,85669,85671,85673],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,85639,85640],{"class":42},"lowest ",[36,85642,47],{"class":46},[36,85644,85645],{"class":141}," min",[36,85647,145],{"class":50},[36,85649,85650],{"class":148},"students",[36,85652,58],{"class":50},[36,85654,21611],{"class":9210},[36,85656,47],{"class":46},[36,85658,37695],{"class":847},[36,85660,12938],{"class":37698},[36,85662,1213],{"class":50},[36,85664,12938],{"class":148},[36,85666,3941],{"class":50},[36,85668,88],{"class":87},[36,85670,85554],{"class":91},[36,85672,88],{"class":87},[36,85674,115],{"class":50},[36,85676,85677,85679,85681,85684],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,85678,142],{"class":141},[36,85680,145],{"class":50},[36,85682,85683],{"class":148},"lowest",[36,85685,152],{"class":50},[14,85687,182],{},[26,85689,85691],{"className":28,"code":85690,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[33,85692,85693],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,85694,85695,85697,85699,85701,85703,85705,85707,85709,85711,85713,85715,85717,85719,85721,85723],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,85696,192],{"class":50},[36,85698,211],{"class":87},[36,85700,1250],{"class":91},[36,85702,211],{"class":87},[36,85704,1213],{"class":50},[36,85706,220],{"class":87},[36,85708,35977],{"class":91},[36,85710,211],{"class":87},[36,85712,58],{"class":50},[36,85714,220],{"class":87},[36,85716,85554],{"class":91},[36,85718,211],{"class":87},[36,85720,1213],{"class":50},[36,85722,85155],{"class":54},[36,85724,69],{"class":50},[14,85726,85727,85728,85731],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[33,85729,85730],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[21,85733,1462,85735,85737],{"id":85734},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[33,85736,82970],{}," with empty iterables",[14,85739,85740],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[26,85742,85744],{"className":28,"code":85743,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[33,85745,85746,85754],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,85747,85748,85750,85752],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,85749,43],{"class":42},[36,85751,47],{"class":46},[36,85753,7874],{"class":50},[36,85755,85756,85758,85760,85762,85764,85766],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,85757,142],{"class":141},[36,85759,145],{"class":50},[36,85761,84694],{"class":141},[36,85763,145],{"class":50},[36,85765,149],{"class":148},[36,85767,445],{"class":50},[14,85769,182],{},[26,85771,85773],{"className":28,"code":85772,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[33,85774,85775],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,85776,85777,85779,85781,85783,85785,85787,85789],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,85778,40740],{"class":80},[36,85780,1213],{"class":50},[36,85782,85645],{"class":141},[36,85784,7405],{"class":50},[36,85786,83940],{"class":42},[36,85788,12224],{"class":46},[36,85790,83945],{"class":42},[14,85792,85793,85794,1213],{},"To avoid that, use ",[33,85795,82970],{},[26,85797,85799],{"className":28,"code":85798,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[33,85800,85801,85809],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,85802,85803,85805,85807],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,85804,43],{"class":42},[36,85806,47],{"class":46},[36,85808,7874],{"class":50},[36,85810,85811,85813,85815,85817,85819,85821,85823,85825,85827,85829],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,85812,142],{"class":141},[36,85814,145],{"class":50},[36,85816,84694],{"class":141},[36,85818,145],{"class":50},[36,85820,149],{"class":148},[36,85822,58],{"class":50},[36,85824,26557],{"class":9210},[36,85826,47],{"class":46},[36,85828,3822],{"class":1143},[36,85830,445],{"class":50},[14,85832,182],{},[26,85834,85835],{"className":28,"code":11838,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,85836,85837],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,85838,85839],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,85840,11838],{"class":1143},[14,85842,85843],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[14,85845,85846],{},"Remember:",[246,85848,85849,85857],{},[249,85850,85851,85853,85854,85856],{},[33,85852,82970],{}," works only when ",[33,85855,84269],{}," gets one iterable argument",[249,85858,85859,85860],{},"It does not work with ",[33,85861,85862],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[14,85864,85865,85866,303],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[294,85867,65875],{"href":72912},[21,85869,10774],{"id":10773},[14,85871,56813,85872,303],{},[33,85873,84269],{},[376,85875,85877,85878],{"id":85876},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[33,85879,82970],{},[14,85881,3050,85882,1213],{},[33,85883,40740],{},[26,85885,85887],{"className":28,"code":85886,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[33,85888,85889,85897],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,85890,85891,85893,85895],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,85892,1328],{"class":42},[36,85894,47],{"class":46},[36,85896,7874],{"class":50},[36,85898,85899,85901,85903,85905,85907,85909],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,85900,142],{"class":141},[36,85902,145],{"class":50},[36,85904,84694],{"class":141},[36,85906,145],{"class":50},[36,85908,1369],{"class":148},[36,85910,445],{"class":50},[14,85912,85913],{},"Fix it by:",[246,85915,85916,85919],{},[249,85917,85918],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[249,85920,85921,85922],{},"or using ",[33,85923,82970],{},[26,85925,85927],{"className":28,"code":85926,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[33,85928,85929,85937],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,85930,85931,85933,85935],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,85932,1328],{"class":42},[36,85934,47],{"class":46},[36,85936,7874],{"class":50},[36,85938,85939,85941,85943,85945,85947,85949,85951,85953,85955,85957,85960,85962],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,85940,142],{"class":141},[36,85942,145],{"class":50},[36,85944,84694],{"class":141},[36,85946,145],{"class":50},[36,85948,1369],{"class":148},[36,85950,58],{"class":50},[36,85952,26557],{"class":9210},[36,85954,47],{"class":46},[36,85956,88],{"class":87},[36,85958,85959],{"class":91},"no items",[36,85961,88],{"class":87},[36,85963,445],{"class":50},[376,85965,85967],{"id":85966},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[14,85969,85970],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[26,85972,85974],{"className":28,"code":85973,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[33,85975,85976,86000],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,85977,85978,85980,85982,85984,85986,85988,85990,85992,85994,85996,85998],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,85979,9200],{"class":42},[36,85981,47],{"class":46},[36,85983,1333],{"class":50},[36,85985,631],{"class":54},[36,85987,58],{"class":50},[36,85989,99],{"class":87},[36,85991,15783],{"class":91},[36,85993,88],{"class":87},[36,85995,58],{"class":50},[36,85997,4644],{"class":54},[36,85999,1355],{"class":50},[36,86001,86002,86004,86006,86008,86010,86012],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,86003,142],{"class":141},[36,86005,145],{"class":50},[36,86007,84694],{"class":141},[36,86009,145],{"class":50},[36,86011,9239],{"class":148},[36,86013,445],{"class":50},[14,86015,182],{},[26,86017,86019],{"className":28,"code":86018,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"TypeError\n",[33,86020,86021],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,86022,86023],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,86024,86018],{"class":80},[14,86026,86027],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[14,86029,86030,86031,303],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[33,86032,84269],{},[26,86034,86036],{"className":28,"code":86035,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[33,86037,86038,86062,86088],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,86039,86040,86042,86044,86046,86048,86050,86052,86054,86056,86058,86060],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,86041,9200],{"class":42},[36,86043,47],{"class":46},[36,86045,1333],{"class":50},[36,86047,631],{"class":54},[36,86049,58],{"class":50},[36,86051,99],{"class":87},[36,86053,15783],{"class":91},[36,86055,88],{"class":87},[36,86057,58],{"class":50},[36,86059,4644],{"class":54},[36,86061,1355],{"class":50},[36,86063,86064,86066,86068,86070,86072,86074,86076,86078,86080,86082,86084,86086],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,86065,43],{"class":42},[36,86067,47],{"class":46},[36,86069,1333],{"class":50},[36,86071,2237],{"class":80},[36,86073,145],{"class":50},[36,86075,2222],{"class":148},[36,86077,3703],{"class":50},[36,86079,3918],{"class":3917},[36,86081,3921],{"class":42},[36,86083,3924],{"class":3917},[36,86085,14599],{"class":42},[36,86087,1355],{"class":50},[36,86089,86090,86092,86094,86096,86098,86100],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,86091,142],{"class":141},[36,86093,145],{"class":50},[36,86095,84694],{"class":141},[36,86097,145],{"class":50},[36,86099,149],{"class":148},[36,86101,445],{"class":50},[14,86103,182],{},[26,86105,86106],{"className":28,"code":2996,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,86107,86108],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,86109,86110],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,86111,2996],{"class":54},[14,86113,86114,86115,303],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[33,86116,1210],{},[376,86118,86120],{"id":86119},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[14,86122,86123],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[26,86125,86127],{"className":28,"code":86126,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[33,86128,86129,86161],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,86130,86131,86133,86135,86137,86139,86141,86143,86145,86147,86149,86151,86153,86155,86157,86159],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,86132,75],{"class":42},[36,86134,47],{"class":46},[36,86136,1333],{"class":50},[36,86138,88],{"class":87},[36,86140,79594],{"class":91},[36,86142,88],{"class":87},[36,86144,58],{"class":50},[36,86146,99],{"class":87},[36,86148,57806],{"class":91},[36,86150,88],{"class":87},[36,86152,58],{"class":50},[36,86154,99],{"class":87},[36,86156,79611],{"class":91},[36,86158,88],{"class":87},[36,86160,1355],{"class":50},[36,86162,86163,86165,86167,86169,86171,86173],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,86164,142],{"class":141},[36,86166,145],{"class":50},[36,86168,84694],{"class":141},[36,86170,145],{"class":50},[36,86172,162],{"class":148},[36,86174,445],{"class":50},[14,86176,182],{},[26,86178,86179],{"className":28,"code":85390,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,86180,86181],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,86182,86183],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,86184,85390],{"class":42},[14,86186,86187],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[26,86189,86191],{"className":28,"code":86190,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[33,86192,86193,86225],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,86194,86195,86197,86199,86201,86203,86205,86207,86209,86211,86213,86215,86217,86219,86221,86223],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,86196,75],{"class":42},[36,86198,47],{"class":46},[36,86200,1333],{"class":50},[36,86202,88],{"class":87},[36,86204,79594],{"class":91},[36,86206,88],{"class":87},[36,86208,58],{"class":50},[36,86210,99],{"class":87},[36,86212,57806],{"class":91},[36,86214,88],{"class":87},[36,86216,58],{"class":50},[36,86218,99],{"class":87},[36,86220,79611],{"class":91},[36,86222,88],{"class":87},[36,86224,1355],{"class":50},[36,86226,86227,86229,86231,86233,86235,86237,86239,86241,86243,86245,86247,86249],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,86228,142],{"class":141},[36,86230,145],{"class":50},[36,86232,84694],{"class":141},[36,86234,145],{"class":50},[36,86236,162],{"class":148},[36,86238,58],{"class":50},[36,86240,21611],{"class":9210},[36,86242,47],{"class":46},[36,86244,3488],{"class":80},[36,86246,303],{"class":50},[36,86248,8677],{"class":24783},[36,86250,445],{"class":50},[14,86252,182],{},[26,86254,86255],{"className":28,"code":85390,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,86256,86257],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,86258,86259],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,86260,85390],{"class":42},[14,86262,86263],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[21,86265,5000,86267],{"id":86266},"when-to-use-min",[33,86268,84269],{},[14,86270,495,86271,10631],{},[33,86272,84269],{},[246,86274,86275,86278,86283],{},[249,86276,86277],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[249,86279,86280,86281],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[33,86282,14874],{},[249,86284,86285],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[14,86287,495,86288,86292],{},[294,86289,86290],{"href":74555},[33,86291,74458],{}," if you need all items in order.",[14,86294,495,86295,86300],{},[294,86296,86298],{"href":86297},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[33,86299,82615],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[21,86302,1455],{"id":1454},[14,86304,84274],{},[246,86306,86307,86315,86318,86323,86330],{},[249,86308,86309,86310,86312,86313],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[33,86311,84269],{}," without using ",[33,86314,82970],{},[249,86316,86317],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[249,86319,8489,86320,86322],{},[33,86321,84269],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[249,86324,4743,86325,86327,86328,85431],{},[33,86326,14874],{}," affects comparison but ",[33,86329,84269],{},[249,86331,1462,86332,86334],{},[33,86333,82970],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[14,86336,86337,86338,86340],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[33,86339,84269],{},", these quick checks can help:",[26,86342,86344],{"className":28,"code":86343,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[33,86345,86346,86360,86370,86384,86398,86420],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,86347,86348,86350,86352,86354,86356,86358],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,86349,142],{"class":141},[36,86351,145],{"class":50},[36,86353,818],{"class":80},[36,86355,145],{"class":50},[36,86357,9239],{"class":148},[36,86359,445],{"class":50},[36,86361,86362,86364,86366,86368],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,86363,142],{"class":141},[36,86365,145],{"class":50},[36,86367,9239],{"class":148},[36,86369,152],{"class":50},[36,86371,86372,86374,86376,86378,86380,86382],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,86373,142],{"class":141},[36,86375,145],{"class":50},[36,86377,438],{"class":141},[36,86379,145],{"class":50},[36,86381,9239],{"class":148},[36,86383,445],{"class":50},[36,86385,86386,86388,86390,86392,86394,86396],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,86387,142],{"class":141},[36,86389,145],{"class":50},[36,86391,84694],{"class":141},[36,86393,145],{"class":50},[36,86395,9239],{"class":148},[36,86397,445],{"class":50},[36,86399,86400,86402,86404,86406,86408,86410,86412,86414,86416,86418],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,86401,142],{"class":141},[36,86403,145],{"class":50},[36,86405,84694],{"class":141},[36,86407,145],{"class":50},[36,86409,9239],{"class":148},[36,86411,58],{"class":50},[36,86413,26557],{"class":9210},[36,86415,47],{"class":46},[36,86417,3822],{"class":1143},[36,86419,445],{"class":50},[36,86421,86422,86424,86426,86428,86430,86432,86434,86436,86438,86440],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,86423,142],{"class":141},[36,86425,145],{"class":50},[36,86427,84694],{"class":141},[36,86429,145],{"class":50},[36,86431,162],{"class":148},[36,86433,58],{"class":50},[36,86435,21611],{"class":9210},[36,86437,47],{"class":46},[36,86439,438],{"class":141},[36,86441,445],{"class":50},[14,86443,86444,86445,86448,86449,86451],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[33,86446,86447],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[33,86450,9239],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[21,86453,1872],{"id":1871},[376,86455,5182,86457,5185],{"id":86456},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[33,86458,84269],{},[14,86460,86461],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[376,86463,5210,86465,84450],{"id":86464},"can-min-work-with-strings",[33,86466,84269],{},[14,86468,86469],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[376,86471,71682],{"id":71681},[14,86473,86474,52533,86476,84462,86478,36656],{},[33,86475,84269],{},[33,86477,40740],{},[33,86479,82970],{},[376,86481,5182,86483,86485,86486,2541],{"id":86482},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[33,86484,14874],{}," do in ",[33,86487,84269],{},[14,86489,86490,86492,86493,86495],{},[33,86491,14874],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[33,86494,83523],{}," compares strings by length.",[376,86497,5220,86499,482,86501,2541],{"id":86498},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[33,86500,84269],{},[33,86502,74458],{},[14,86504,86505,86507,86508,86510],{},[33,86506,84269],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[33,86509,74458],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[21,86512,1923],{"id":1922},[246,86514,86515,86521,86527,86533,86537,86541],{},[249,86516,86517],{},[294,86518,86519,3554],{"href":86297},[33,86520,82615],{},[249,86522,86523],{},[294,86524,86525,3554],{"href":74555},[33,86526,74458],{},[249,86528,86529],{},[294,86530,86531,3554],{"href":42395},[33,86532,42398],{},[249,86534,86535],{},[294,86536,79907],{"href":78410},[249,86538,86539],{},[294,86540,58994],{"href":58993},[249,86542,86543],{},[294,86544,65875],{"href":72912},[1962,86546,86547],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":86549},[86550,86551,86553,86559,86561,86563,86568,86570,86576,86578,86579,86590],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":84753,"depth":72,"text":86552},"What min() does",{"id":84774,"depth":72,"text":84775,"children":86554},[86555,86556,86557,86558],{"id":84859,"depth":118,"text":84862},{"id":84921,"depth":118,"text":84924},{"id":84971,"depth":118,"text":84974},{"id":85065,"depth":118,"text":85068},{"id":85127,"depth":72,"text":86560},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85262,"depth":72,"text":86562},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85409,"depth":72,"text":86564,"children":86565},"Using min() with a key function",[86566,86567],{"id":85437,"depth":118,"text":85438},{"id":85512,"depth":118,"text":85513},{"id":85734,"depth":72,"text":86569},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10773,"depth":72,"text":10774,"children":86571},[86572,86574,86575],{"id":85876,"depth":118,"text":86573},"Empty list without default",{"id":85966,"depth":118,"text":85967},{"id":86119,"depth":118,"text":86120},{"id":86266,"depth":72,"text":86577},"When to use min()",{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":86580},[86581,86583,86585,86586,86588],{"id":86456,"depth":118,"text":86582},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86464,"depth":118,"text":86584},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71681,"depth":118,"text":71682},{"id":86482,"depth":118,"text":86587},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86498,"depth":118,"text":86589},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84636,"description":86591},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86598,"title":86599,"body":86600,"description":88779,"extension":2009,"meta":88780,"navigation":134,"path":88781,"seo":88782,"stem":88783,"__hash__":88784},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86601,"toc":88743},[86602,86605,86611,86617,86619,86700,86709,86713,86718,86720,86765,86767,86847,86853,86855,86858,86890,86892,86910,86912,86985,86987,87006,87010,87013,87049,87051,87118,87192,87265,87270,87274,87280,87283,87300,87303,87305,87366,87368,87388,87394,87398,87401,87471,87474,87493,87498,87574,87577,87581,87587,87591,87596,87666,87670,87675,87749,87753,87756,87831,87842,87846,87851,87941,87946,88014,88017,88036,88047,88051,88054,88059,88062,88124,88127,88138,88143,88146,88149,88154,88157,88160,88164,88167,88173,88176,88187,88189,88251,88266,88272,88275,88278,88289,88300,88306,88309,88311,88373,88383,88389,88394,88400,88404,88410,88413,88434,88436,88441,88468,88471,88498,88501,88540,88543,88581,88584,88645,88648,88650,88654,88657,88661,88667,88675,88683,88687,88690,88694,88700,88702,88740],[10,86603,86599],{"id":86604},"python-open-function-explained",[14,86606,86607,86610],{},[33,86608,86609],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[14,86612,86613,86614,86616],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[33,86615,86609],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[21,86618,2051],{"id":2050},[26,86620,86622],{"className":28,"code":86621,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[33,86623,86624,86673,86689],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,86625,86626,86629,86632,86634,86636,86639,86641,86643,86645,86647,86649,86651,86654,86656,86658,86661,86663,86665,86667,86671],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,86627,86628],{"class":3917},"with",[36,86630,86631],{"class":141}," open",[36,86633,145],{"class":50},[36,86635,88],{"class":87},[36,86637,86638],{"class":91},"example.txt",[36,86640,88],{"class":87},[36,86642,58],{"class":50},[36,86644,99],{"class":87},[36,86646,60540],{"class":91},[36,86648,88],{"class":87},[36,86650,58],{"class":50},[36,86652,86653],{"class":9210}," encoding",[36,86655,47],{"class":46},[36,86657,88],{"class":87},[36,86659,86660],{"class":91},"utf-8",[36,86662,88],{"class":87},[36,86664,3703],{"class":50},[36,86666,47395],{"class":3917},[36,86668,86670],{"class":86669},"sMMDD"," file",[36,86672,6433],{"class":50},[36,86674,86675,86678,86680,86682,86684,86687],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,86676,86677],{"class":42},"    content ",[36,86679,47],{"class":46},[36,86681,86670],{"class":86669},[36,86683,303],{"class":50},[36,86685,86686],{"class":148},"read",[36,86688,128],{"class":50},[36,86690,86691,86693,86695,86698],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,86692,8105],{"class":141},[36,86694,145],{"class":50},[36,86696,86697],{"class":148},"content",[36,86699,152],{"class":50},[14,86701,495,86702,86704,86705,86708],{},[33,86703,86628],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[33,86706,86707],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[21,86710,86712],{"id":86711},"what-open-does","What open() does",[14,86714,86715,86717],{},[33,86716,86609],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[14,86719,11488],{},[246,86721,86722,86725,86730,86735],{},[249,86723,86724],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[249,86726,40942,86727,86729],{},[180,86728,870],{}," read or write anything by itself",[249,86731,17452,86732],{},[180,86733,86734],{},"file object",[249,86736,86737,86738],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[246,86739,86740,86745,86750,86755,86760],{},[249,86741,86742],{},[33,86743,86744],{},"read()",[249,86746,86747],{},[33,86748,86749],{},"readline()",[249,86751,86752],{},[33,86753,86754],{},"readlines()",[249,86756,86757],{},[33,86758,86759],{},"write()",[249,86761,86762],{},[33,86763,86764],{},"close()",[14,86766,2257],{},[26,86768,86770],{"className":28,"code":86769,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[33,86771,86772,86811,86826,86836],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,86773,86774,86777,86779,86781,86783,86785,86787,86789,86791,86793,86795,86797,86799,86801,86803,86805,86807,86809],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,86775,86776],{"class":86669},"file",[36,86778,13309],{"class":46},[36,86780,86631],{"class":141},[36,86782,145],{"class":50},[36,86784,88],{"class":87},[36,86786,86638],{"class":91},[36,86788,88],{"class":87},[36,86790,58],{"class":50},[36,86792,99],{"class":87},[36,86794,60540],{"class":91},[36,86796,88],{"class":87},[36,86798,58],{"class":50},[36,86800,86653],{"class":9210},[36,86802,47],{"class":46},[36,86804,88],{"class":87},[36,86806,86660],{"class":91},[36,86808,88],{"class":87},[36,86810,152],{"class":50},[36,86812,86813,86816,86818,86820,86822,86824],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,86814,86815],{"class":42},"content ",[36,86817,47],{"class":46},[36,86819,86670],{"class":86669},[36,86821,303],{"class":50},[36,86823,86686],{"class":148},[36,86825,128],{"class":50},[36,86827,86828,86830,86832,86834],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,86829,142],{"class":141},[36,86831,145],{"class":50},[36,86833,86697],{"class":148},[36,86835,152],{"class":50},[36,86837,86838,86840,86842,86845],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,86839,86776],{"class":86669},[36,86841,303],{"class":50},[36,86843,86844],{"class":148},"close",[36,86846,128],{"class":50},[14,86848,86849,86850,86852],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[33,86851,86628],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[21,86854,2205],{"id":2204},[14,86856,86857],{},"A common form is:",[26,86859,86861],{"className":28,"code":86860,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[33,86862,86863],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,86864,86865,86867,86869,86871,86873,86876,86878,86880,86882,86884,86886,86888],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,86866,42464],{"class":141},[36,86868,145],{"class":50},[36,86870,86776],{"class":86669},[36,86872,58],{"class":50},[36,86874,86875],{"class":148}," mode",[36,86877,58],{"class":50},[36,86879,86653],{"class":9210},[36,86881,47],{"class":46},[36,86883,88],{"class":87},[36,86885,86660],{"class":91},[36,86887,88],{"class":87},[36,86889,152],{"class":50},[14,86891,65081],{},[246,86893,86894,86899,86904],{},[249,86895,86896,86898],{},[33,86897,86776],{}," is the file name or file path",[249,86900,86901,86903],{},[33,86902,20951],{}," controls how the file is opened",[249,86905,86906,86909],{},[33,86907,86908],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[14,86911,2257],{},[26,86913,86915],{"className":28,"code":86914,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[33,86916,86917,86960,86975],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,86918,86919,86921,86923,86925,86927,86930,86932,86934,86936,86938,86940,86942,86944,86946,86948,86950,86952,86954,86956,86958],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,86920,86628],{"class":3917},[36,86922,86631],{"class":141},[36,86924,145],{"class":50},[36,86926,88],{"class":87},[36,86928,86929],{"class":91},"notes.txt",[36,86931,88],{"class":87},[36,86933,58],{"class":50},[36,86935,99],{"class":87},[36,86937,60540],{"class":91},[36,86939,88],{"class":87},[36,86941,58],{"class":50},[36,86943,86653],{"class":9210},[36,86945,47],{"class":46},[36,86947,88],{"class":87},[36,86949,86660],{"class":91},[36,86951,88],{"class":87},[36,86953,3703],{"class":50},[36,86955,47395],{"class":3917},[36,86957,86670],{"class":86669},[36,86959,6433],{"class":50},[36,86961,86962,86965,86967,86969,86971,86973],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,86963,86964],{"class":42},"    text ",[36,86966,47],{"class":46},[36,86968,86670],{"class":86669},[36,86970,303],{"class":50},[36,86972,86686],{"class":148},[36,86974,128],{"class":50},[36,86976,86977,86979,86981,86983],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,86978,8105],{"class":141},[36,86980,145],{"class":50},[36,86982,34743],{"class":148},[36,86984,152],{"class":50},[14,86986,19989],{},[246,86988,86989,86995,87000],{},[249,86990,86991,86994],{},[33,86992,86993],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[249,86996,86997,86999],{},[33,86998,86707],{}," means open for reading",[249,87001,87002,87005],{},[33,87003,87004],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[21,87007,87009],{"id":87008},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[14,87011,87012],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[246,87014,87015,87020,87026,87031,87037,87043],{},[249,87016,87017,87019],{},[33,87018,86707],{}," = read a text file",[249,87021,87022,87025],{},[33,87023,87024],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[249,87027,87028,87030],{},[33,87029,18127],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[249,87032,87033,87036],{},[33,87034,87035],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[249,87038,87039,87042],{},[33,87040,87041],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[249,87044,87045,87048],{},[33,87046,87047],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[14,87050,2172],{},[26,87052,87054],{"className":28,"code":87053,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[33,87055,87056,87061,87104],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,87057,87058],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,87059,87060],{"class":1617},"# Read a text file\n",[36,87062,87063,87065,87067,87069,87071,87074,87076,87078,87080,87082,87084,87086,87088,87090,87092,87094,87096,87098,87100,87102],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,87064,86628],{"class":3917},[36,87066,86631],{"class":141},[36,87068,145],{"class":50},[36,87070,88],{"class":87},[36,87072,87073],{"class":91},"data.txt",[36,87075,88],{"class":87},[36,87077,58],{"class":50},[36,87079,99],{"class":87},[36,87081,60540],{"class":91},[36,87083,88],{"class":87},[36,87085,58],{"class":50},[36,87087,86653],{"class":9210},[36,87089,47],{"class":46},[36,87091,88],{"class":87},[36,87093,86660],{"class":91},[36,87095,88],{"class":87},[36,87097,3703],{"class":50},[36,87099,47395],{"class":3917},[36,87101,86670],{"class":86669},[36,87103,6433],{"class":50},[36,87105,87106,87108,87110,87112,87114,87116],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,87107,8105],{"class":141},[36,87109,145],{"class":50},[36,87111,86776],{"class":86669},[36,87113,303],{"class":50},[36,87115,86686],{"class":148},[36,87117,1847],{"class":50},[26,87119,87121],{"className":28,"code":87120,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[33,87122,87123,87128,87170],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,87124,87125],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,87126,87127],{"class":1617},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[36,87129,87130,87132,87134,87136,87138,87140,87142,87144,87146,87148,87150,87152,87154,87156,87158,87160,87162,87164,87166,87168],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,87131,86628],{"class":3917},[36,87133,86631],{"class":141},[36,87135,145],{"class":50},[36,87137,88],{"class":87},[36,87139,87073],{"class":91},[36,87141,88],{"class":87},[36,87143,58],{"class":50},[36,87145,99],{"class":87},[36,87147,60523],{"class":91},[36,87149,88],{"class":87},[36,87151,58],{"class":50},[36,87153,86653],{"class":9210},[36,87155,47],{"class":46},[36,87157,88],{"class":87},[36,87159,86660],{"class":91},[36,87161,88],{"class":87},[36,87163,3703],{"class":50},[36,87165,47395],{"class":3917},[36,87167,86670],{"class":86669},[36,87169,6433],{"class":50},[36,87171,87172,87175,87177,87179,87181,87183,87185,87188,87190],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,87173,87174],{"class":86669},"    file",[36,87176,303],{"class":50},[36,87178,70231],{"class":148},[36,87180,145],{"class":50},[36,87182,88],{"class":87},[36,87184,34902],{"class":91},[36,87186,87187],{"class":34487},"\\n",[36,87189,88],{"class":87},[36,87191,152],{"class":50},[26,87193,87195],{"className":28,"code":87194,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[33,87196,87197,87202,87244],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,87198,87199],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,87200,87201],{"class":1617},"# Append to a text file\n",[36,87203,87204,87206,87208,87210,87212,87214,87216,87218,87220,87222,87224,87226,87228,87230,87232,87234,87236,87238,87240,87242],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,87205,86628],{"class":3917},[36,87207,86631],{"class":141},[36,87209,145],{"class":50},[36,87211,88],{"class":87},[36,87213,87073],{"class":91},[36,87215,88],{"class":87},[36,87217,58],{"class":50},[36,87219,99],{"class":87},[36,87221,294],{"class":91},[36,87223,88],{"class":87},[36,87225,58],{"class":50},[36,87227,86653],{"class":9210},[36,87229,47],{"class":46},[36,87231,88],{"class":87},[36,87233,86660],{"class":91},[36,87235,88],{"class":87},[36,87237,3703],{"class":50},[36,87239,47395],{"class":3917},[36,87241,86670],{"class":86669},[36,87243,6433],{"class":50},[36,87245,87246,87248,87250,87252,87254,87256,87259,87261,87263],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,87247,87174],{"class":86669},[36,87249,303],{"class":50},[36,87251,70231],{"class":148},[36,87253,145],{"class":50},[36,87255,88],{"class":87},[36,87257,87258],{"class":91},"Another line",[36,87260,87187],{"class":34487},[36,87262,88],{"class":87},[36,87264,152],{"class":50},[14,87266,69383,87267,87269],{},[33,87268,87024],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[21,87271,87273],{"id":87272},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[14,87275,87276,22007,87278,303],{},[33,87277,86609],{},[180,87279,86734],{},[14,87281,87282],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[246,87284,87285,87290,87295],{},[249,87286,87287],{},[33,87288,87289],{},"file.read()",[249,87291,87292],{},[33,87293,87294],{},"file.write()",[249,87296,87297],{},[33,87298,87299],{},"file.close()",[14,87301,87302],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[14,87304,2257],{},[26,87306,87308],{"className":28,"code":87307,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[33,87309,87310,87352],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,87311,87312,87314,87316,87318,87320,87322,87324,87326,87328,87330,87332,87334,87336,87338,87340,87342,87344,87346,87348,87350],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,87313,86628],{"class":3917},[36,87315,86631],{"class":141},[36,87317,145],{"class":50},[36,87319,88],{"class":87},[36,87321,86638],{"class":91},[36,87323,88],{"class":87},[36,87325,58],{"class":50},[36,87327,99],{"class":87},[36,87329,60540],{"class":91},[36,87331,88],{"class":87},[36,87333,58],{"class":50},[36,87335,86653],{"class":9210},[36,87337,47],{"class":46},[36,87339,88],{"class":87},[36,87341,86660],{"class":91},[36,87343,88],{"class":87},[36,87345,3703],{"class":50},[36,87347,47395],{"class":3917},[36,87349,86670],{"class":86669},[36,87351,6433],{"class":50},[36,87353,87354,87356,87358,87360,87362,87364],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,87355,8105],{"class":141},[36,87357,145],{"class":50},[36,87359,818],{"class":80},[36,87361,145],{"class":50},[36,87363,86776],{"class":86669},[36,87365,445],{"class":50},[14,87367,350],{},[26,87369,87371],{"className":28,"code":87370,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[33,87372,87373],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,87374,87375,87377,87379,87381,87384,87386],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,87376,844],{"class":46},[36,87378,848],{"class":847},[36,87380,220],{"class":87},[36,87382,87383],{"class":91},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[36,87385,211],{"class":87},[36,87387,857],{"class":46},[14,87389,87390,87391,87393],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[33,87392,86609],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[21,87395,87397],{"id":87396},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[14,87399,87400],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[26,87402,87403],{"className":28,"code":86621,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,87404,87405,87447,87461],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,87406,87407,87409,87411,87413,87415,87417,87419,87421,87423,87425,87427,87429,87431,87433,87435,87437,87439,87441,87443,87445],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,87408,86628],{"class":3917},[36,87410,86631],{"class":141},[36,87412,145],{"class":50},[36,87414,88],{"class":87},[36,87416,86638],{"class":91},[36,87418,88],{"class":87},[36,87420,58],{"class":50},[36,87422,99],{"class":87},[36,87424,60540],{"class":91},[36,87426,88],{"class":87},[36,87428,58],{"class":50},[36,87430,86653],{"class":9210},[36,87432,47],{"class":46},[36,87434,88],{"class":87},[36,87436,86660],{"class":91},[36,87438,88],{"class":87},[36,87440,3703],{"class":50},[36,87442,47395],{"class":3917},[36,87444,86670],{"class":86669},[36,87446,6433],{"class":50},[36,87448,87449,87451,87453,87455,87457,87459],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,87450,86677],{"class":42},[36,87452,47],{"class":46},[36,87454,86670],{"class":86669},[36,87456,303],{"class":50},[36,87458,86686],{"class":148},[36,87460,128],{"class":50},[36,87462,87463,87465,87467,87469],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,87464,8105],{"class":141},[36,87466,145],{"class":50},[36,87468,86697],{"class":148},[36,87470,152],{"class":50},[14,87472,87473],{},"Why this is recommended:",[246,87475,87476,87481,87487,87490],{},[249,87477,87478,87480],{},[33,87479,86628],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[249,87482,87483,87484,87486],{},"It is safer than calling ",[33,87485,86764],{}," yourself",[249,87488,87489],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[249,87491,87492],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[14,87494,83786,87495,87497],{},[33,87496,86628],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[26,87499,87500],{"className":28,"code":86769,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,87501,87502,87540,87554,87564],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,87503,87504,87506,87508,87510,87512,87514,87516,87518,87520,87522,87524,87526,87528,87530,87532,87534,87536,87538],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,87505,86776],{"class":86669},[36,87507,13309],{"class":46},[36,87509,86631],{"class":141},[36,87511,145],{"class":50},[36,87513,88],{"class":87},[36,87515,86638],{"class":91},[36,87517,88],{"class":87},[36,87519,58],{"class":50},[36,87521,99],{"class":87},[36,87523,60540],{"class":91},[36,87525,88],{"class":87},[36,87527,58],{"class":50},[36,87529,86653],{"class":9210},[36,87531,47],{"class":46},[36,87533,88],{"class":87},[36,87535,86660],{"class":91},[36,87537,88],{"class":87},[36,87539,152],{"class":50},[36,87541,87542,87544,87546,87548,87550,87552],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,87543,86815],{"class":42},[36,87545,47],{"class":46},[36,87547,86670],{"class":86669},[36,87549,303],{"class":50},[36,87551,86686],{"class":148},[36,87553,128],{"class":50},[36,87555,87556,87558,87560,87562],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,87557,142],{"class":141},[36,87559,145],{"class":50},[36,87561,86697],{"class":148},[36,87563,152],{"class":50},[36,87565,87566,87568,87570,87572],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,87567,86776],{"class":86669},[36,87569,303],{"class":50},[36,87571,86844],{"class":148},[36,87573,128],{"class":50},[14,87575,87576],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[21,87578,87580],{"id":87579},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[14,87582,87583,87584,87586],{},"Use mode ",[33,87585,86707],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[376,87588,87590],{"id":87589},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[14,87592,87593,87595],{},[33,87594,86744],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[26,87597,87598],{"className":28,"code":86621,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,87599,87600,87642,87656],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,87601,87602,87604,87606,87608,87610,87612,87614,87616,87618,87620,87622,87624,87626,87628,87630,87632,87634,87636,87638,87640],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,87603,86628],{"class":3917},[36,87605,86631],{"class":141},[36,87607,145],{"class":50},[36,87609,88],{"class":87},[36,87611,86638],{"class":91},[36,87613,88],{"class":87},[36,87615,58],{"class":50},[36,87617,99],{"class":87},[36,87619,60540],{"class":91},[36,87621,88],{"class":87},[36,87623,58],{"class":50},[36,87625,86653],{"class":9210},[36,87627,47],{"class":46},[36,87629,88],{"class":87},[36,87631,86660],{"class":91},[36,87633,88],{"class":87},[36,87635,3703],{"class":50},[36,87637,47395],{"class":3917},[36,87639,86670],{"class":86669},[36,87641,6433],{"class":50},[36,87643,87644,87646,87648,87650,87652,87654],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,87645,86677],{"class":42},[36,87647,47],{"class":46},[36,87649,86670],{"class":86669},[36,87651,303],{"class":50},[36,87653,86686],{"class":148},[36,87655,128],{"class":50},[36,87657,87658,87660,87662,87664],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,87659,8105],{"class":141},[36,87661,145],{"class":50},[36,87663,86697],{"class":148},[36,87665,152],{"class":50},[376,87667,87669],{"id":87668},"read-one-line","Read one line",[14,87671,87672,87674],{},[33,87673,86749],{}," reads one line at a time.",[26,87676,87678],{"className":28,"code":87677,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[33,87679,87680,87722,87738],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,87681,87682,87684,87686,87688,87690,87692,87694,87696,87698,87700,87702,87704,87706,87708,87710,87712,87714,87716,87718,87720],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,87683,86628],{"class":3917},[36,87685,86631],{"class":141},[36,87687,145],{"class":50},[36,87689,88],{"class":87},[36,87691,86638],{"class":91},[36,87693,88],{"class":87},[36,87695,58],{"class":50},[36,87697,99],{"class":87},[36,87699,60540],{"class":91},[36,87701,88],{"class":87},[36,87703,58],{"class":50},[36,87705,86653],{"class":9210},[36,87707,47],{"class":46},[36,87709,88],{"class":87},[36,87711,86660],{"class":91},[36,87713,88],{"class":87},[36,87715,3703],{"class":50},[36,87717,47395],{"class":3917},[36,87719,86670],{"class":86669},[36,87721,6433],{"class":50},[36,87723,87724,87727,87729,87731,87733,87736],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,87725,87726],{"class":42},"    first_line ",[36,87728,47],{"class":46},[36,87730,86670],{"class":86669},[36,87732,303],{"class":50},[36,87734,87735],{"class":148},"readline",[36,87737,128],{"class":50},[36,87739,87740,87742,87744,87747],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,87741,8105],{"class":141},[36,87743,145],{"class":50},[36,87745,87746],{"class":148},"first_line",[36,87748,152],{"class":50},[376,87750,87752],{"id":87751},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[14,87754,87755],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[26,87757,87759],{"className":28,"code":87758,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[33,87760,87761,87803,87817],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,87762,87763,87765,87767,87769,87771,87773,87775,87777,87779,87781,87783,87785,87787,87789,87791,87793,87795,87797,87799,87801],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,87764,86628],{"class":3917},[36,87766,86631],{"class":141},[36,87768,145],{"class":50},[36,87770,88],{"class":87},[36,87772,86638],{"class":91},[36,87774,88],{"class":87},[36,87776,58],{"class":50},[36,87778,99],{"class":87},[36,87780,60540],{"class":91},[36,87782,88],{"class":87},[36,87784,58],{"class":50},[36,87786,86653],{"class":9210},[36,87788,47],{"class":46},[36,87790,88],{"class":87},[36,87792,86660],{"class":91},[36,87794,88],{"class":87},[36,87796,3703],{"class":50},[36,87798,47395],{"class":3917},[36,87800,86670],{"class":86669},[36,87802,6433],{"class":50},[36,87804,87805,87808,87811,87813,87815],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,87806,87807],{"class":3917},"    for",[36,87809,87810],{"class":42}," line ",[36,87812,3924],{"class":3917},[36,87814,86670],{"class":86669},[36,87816,6433],{"class":50},[36,87818,87819,87821,87823,87825,87827,87829],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,87820,47375],{"class":141},[36,87822,145],{"class":50},[36,87824,38],{"class":148},[36,87826,303],{"class":50},[36,87828,8671],{"class":148},[36,87830,1847],{"class":50},[14,87832,87833,87834,298,87838,303],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[294,87835,87837],{"href":87836},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[294,87839,87841],{"href":87840},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[21,87843,87845],{"id":87844},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[14,87847,495,87848,87850],{},[33,87849,87024],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[26,87852,87854],{"className":28,"code":87853,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[33,87855,87856,87899,87920],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,87857,87858,87860,87862,87864,87866,87869,87871,87873,87875,87877,87879,87881,87883,87885,87887,87889,87891,87893,87895,87897],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,87859,86628],{"class":3917},[36,87861,86631],{"class":141},[36,87863,145],{"class":50},[36,87865,88],{"class":87},[36,87867,87868],{"class":91},"output.txt",[36,87870,88],{"class":87},[36,87872,58],{"class":50},[36,87874,99],{"class":87},[36,87876,60523],{"class":91},[36,87878,88],{"class":87},[36,87880,58],{"class":50},[36,87882,86653],{"class":9210},[36,87884,47],{"class":46},[36,87886,88],{"class":87},[36,87888,86660],{"class":91},[36,87890,88],{"class":87},[36,87892,3703],{"class":50},[36,87894,47395],{"class":3917},[36,87896,86670],{"class":86669},[36,87898,6433],{"class":50},[36,87900,87901,87903,87905,87907,87909,87911,87914,87916,87918],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,87902,87174],{"class":86669},[36,87904,303],{"class":50},[36,87906,70231],{"class":148},[36,87908,145],{"class":50},[36,87910,88],{"class":87},[36,87912,87913],{"class":91},"First line",[36,87915,87187],{"class":34487},[36,87917,88],{"class":87},[36,87919,152],{"class":50},[36,87921,87922,87924,87926,87928,87930,87932,87935,87937,87939],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,87923,87174],{"class":86669},[36,87925,303],{"class":50},[36,87927,70231],{"class":148},[36,87929,145],{"class":50},[36,87931,88],{"class":87},[36,87933,87934],{"class":91},"Second line",[36,87936,87187],{"class":34487},[36,87938,88],{"class":87},[36,87940,152],{"class":50},[14,87942,495,87943,87945],{},[33,87944,18127],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[26,87947,87949],{"className":28,"code":87948,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[33,87950,87951,87993],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,87952,87953,87955,87957,87959,87961,87963,87965,87967,87969,87971,87973,87975,87977,87979,87981,87983,87985,87987,87989,87991],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,87954,86628],{"class":3917},[36,87956,86631],{"class":141},[36,87958,145],{"class":50},[36,87960,88],{"class":87},[36,87962,87868],{"class":91},[36,87964,88],{"class":87},[36,87966,58],{"class":50},[36,87968,99],{"class":87},[36,87970,294],{"class":91},[36,87972,88],{"class":87},[36,87974,58],{"class":50},[36,87976,86653],{"class":9210},[36,87978,47],{"class":46},[36,87980,88],{"class":87},[36,87982,86660],{"class":91},[36,87984,88],{"class":87},[36,87986,3703],{"class":50},[36,87988,47395],{"class":3917},[36,87990,86670],{"class":86669},[36,87992,6433],{"class":50},[36,87994,87995,87997,87999,88001,88003,88005,88008,88010,88012],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,87996,87174],{"class":86669},[36,87998,303],{"class":50},[36,88000,70231],{"class":148},[36,88002,145],{"class":50},[36,88004,88],{"class":87},[36,88006,88007],{"class":91},"Third line",[36,88009,87187],{"class":34487},[36,88011,88],{"class":87},[36,88013,152],{"class":50},[14,88015,88016],{},"Important detail:",[246,88018,88019,88024,88031],{},[249,88020,88021,88023],{},[33,88022,86759],{}," writes a string",[249,88025,88026,14086,88028,88030],{},[33,88027,86759],{},[180,88029,870],{}," add a newline for you",[249,88032,88033,88034,87486],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[33,88035,87187],{},[14,88037,88038,88039,298,88043,303],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[294,88040,88042],{"href":88041},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[294,88044,88046],{"href":88045},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[21,88048,88050],{"id":88049},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[14,88052,88053],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[376,88055,88057],{"id":88056},"encodingutf-8",[33,88058,87004],{},[14,88060,88061],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[26,88063,88065],{"className":28,"code":88064,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[33,88066,88067,88110],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,88068,88069,88071,88073,88075,88077,88080,88082,88084,88086,88088,88090,88092,88094,88096,88098,88100,88102,88104,88106,88108],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,88070,86628],{"class":3917},[36,88072,86631],{"class":141},[36,88074,145],{"class":50},[36,88076,88],{"class":87},[36,88078,88079],{"class":91},"message.txt",[36,88081,88],{"class":87},[36,88083,58],{"class":50},[36,88085,99],{"class":87},[36,88087,60540],{"class":91},[36,88089,88],{"class":87},[36,88091,58],{"class":50},[36,88093,86653],{"class":9210},[36,88095,47],{"class":46},[36,88097,88],{"class":87},[36,88099,86660],{"class":91},[36,88101,88],{"class":87},[36,88103,3703],{"class":50},[36,88105,47395],{"class":3917},[36,88107,86670],{"class":86669},[36,88109,6433],{"class":50},[36,88111,88112,88114,88116,88118,88120,88122],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,88113,8105],{"class":141},[36,88115,145],{"class":50},[36,88117,86776],{"class":86669},[36,88119,303],{"class":50},[36,88121,86686],{"class":148},[36,88123,1847],{"class":50},[14,88125,88126],{},"Why it matters:",[246,88128,88129,88132,88135],{},[249,88130,88131],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[249,88133,88134],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[249,88136,88137],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[376,88139,88141],{"id":88140},"newline",[33,88142,88140],{},[14,88144,88145],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[14,88147,88148],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[376,88150,88152],{"id":88151},"buffering",[33,88153,88151],{},[14,88155,88156],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[14,88158,88159],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[21,88161,88163],{"id":88162},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[14,88165,88166],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[376,88168,88170],{"id":88169},"filenotfounderror",[33,88171,88172],{},"FileNotFoundError",[14,88174,88175],{},"This happens when:",[246,88177,88178,88181,88184],{},[249,88179,88180],{},"the file does not exist",[249,88182,88183],{},"the path is wrong",[249,88185,88186],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[14,88188,2257],{},[26,88190,88192],{"className":28,"code":88191,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[33,88193,88194,88237],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,88195,88196,88198,88200,88202,88204,88207,88209,88211,88213,88215,88217,88219,88221,88223,88225,88227,88229,88231,88233,88235],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,88197,86628],{"class":3917},[36,88199,86631],{"class":141},[36,88201,145],{"class":50},[36,88203,88],{"class":87},[36,88205,88206],{"class":91},"missing.txt",[36,88208,88],{"class":87},[36,88210,58],{"class":50},[36,88212,99],{"class":87},[36,88214,60540],{"class":91},[36,88216,88],{"class":87},[36,88218,58],{"class":50},[36,88220,86653],{"class":9210},[36,88222,47],{"class":46},[36,88224,88],{"class":87},[36,88226,86660],{"class":91},[36,88228,88],{"class":87},[36,88230,3703],{"class":50},[36,88232,47395],{"class":3917},[36,88234,86670],{"class":86669},[36,88236,6433],{"class":50},[36,88238,88239,88241,88243,88245,88247,88249],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,88240,8105],{"class":141},[36,88242,145],{"class":50},[36,88244,86776],{"class":86669},[36,88246,303],{"class":50},[36,88248,86686],{"class":148},[36,88250,1847],{"class":50},[14,88252,88253,88254,482,88262,303],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[294,88255,88257,88258,88261],{"href":88256},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[36,88259,88260],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[294,88263,88265],{"href":88264},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[376,88267,88269],{"id":88268},"permissionerror",[33,88270,88271],{},"PermissionError",[14,88273,88274],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[14,88276,88277],{},"Example causes:",[246,88279,88280,88283,88286],{},[249,88281,88282],{},"the file is protected",[249,88284,88285],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[249,88287,88288],{},"another program is blocking access",[14,88290,88291,88292],{},"Related page: ",[294,88293,88295,88296,88299],{"href":88294},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[36,88297,88298],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[376,88301,88303],{"id":88302},"isadirectoryerror",[33,88304,88305],{},"IsADirectoryError",[14,88307,88308],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[14,88310,2257],{},[26,88312,88314],{"className":28,"code":88313,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[33,88315,88316,88359],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,88317,88318,88320,88322,88324,88326,88329,88331,88333,88335,88337,88339,88341,88343,88345,88347,88349,88351,88353,88355,88357],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,88319,86628],{"class":3917},[36,88321,86631],{"class":141},[36,88323,145],{"class":50},[36,88325,88],{"class":87},[36,88327,88328],{"class":91},"my_folder",[36,88330,88],{"class":87},[36,88332,58],{"class":50},[36,88334,99],{"class":87},[36,88336,60540],{"class":91},[36,88338,88],{"class":87},[36,88340,58],{"class":50},[36,88342,86653],{"class":9210},[36,88344,47],{"class":46},[36,88346,88],{"class":87},[36,88348,86660],{"class":91},[36,88350,88],{"class":87},[36,88352,3703],{"class":50},[36,88354,47395],{"class":3917},[36,88356,86670],{"class":86669},[36,88358,6433],{"class":50},[36,88360,88361,88363,88365,88367,88369,88371],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,88362,8105],{"class":141},[36,88364,145],{"class":50},[36,88366,86776],{"class":86669},[36,88368,303],{"class":50},[36,88370,86686],{"class":148},[36,88372,1847],{"class":50},[14,88374,88291,88375],{},[294,88376,88378,88379,88382],{"href":88377},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[36,88380,88381],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[376,88384,88386],{"id":88385},"unicodedecodeerror",[33,88387,88388],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[14,88390,88391,88392,303],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[33,88393,86609],{},[14,88395,88291,88396],{},[294,88397,88399],{"href":88398},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[21,88401,88403],{"id":88402},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[14,88405,88406,88407,88409],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[33,88408,86609],{}," function.",[14,88411,88412],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[246,88414,88415,88418,88421,88427],{},[249,88416,88417],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[249,88419,88420],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[249,88422,88423,88424,88426],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[33,88425,86609],{}," itself",[249,88428,88429,88430],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[294,88431,88433],{"href":88432},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[21,88435,1455],{"id":1454},[14,88437,88438,88439,1213],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[33,88440,86609],{},[246,88442,88443,88448,88454,88459,88462,88465],{},[249,88444,1462,88445,88447],{},[33,88446,86707],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[249,88449,88450,88451,88453],{},"Forgetting to use ",[33,88452,86908],{}," for text files",[249,88455,1462,88456,88458],{},[33,88457,87024],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[249,88460,88461],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[249,88463,88464],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[249,88466,88467],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[14,88469,88470],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[26,88472,88474],{"className":28,"code":88473,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[33,88475,88476,88483],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,88477,88478,88480],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,88479,35126],{"class":3917},[36,88481,88482],{"class":42}," os\n",[36,88484,88485,88487,88489,88491,88493,88496],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,88486,142],{"class":141},[36,88488,145],{"class":50},[36,88490,42663],{"class":148},[36,88492,303],{"class":50},[36,88494,88495],{"class":148},"getcwd",[36,88497,1847],{"class":50},[14,88499,88500],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[26,88502,88504],{"className":28,"code":88503,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[33,88505,88506,88512],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,88507,88508,88510],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,88509,35126],{"class":3917},[36,88511,88482],{"class":42},[36,88513,88514,88516,88518,88520,88522,88525,88527,88530,88532,88534,88536,88538],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,88515,142],{"class":141},[36,88517,145],{"class":50},[36,88519,42663],{"class":148},[36,88521,303],{"class":50},[36,88523,88524],{"class":24783},"path",[36,88526,303],{"class":50},[36,88528,88529],{"class":148},"exists",[36,88531,145],{"class":50},[36,88533,88],{"class":87},[36,88535,86638],{"class":91},[36,88537,88],{"class":87},[36,88539,445],{"class":50},[14,88541,88542],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[26,88544,88546],{"className":28,"code":88545,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[33,88547,88548,88554],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,88549,88550,88552],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,88551,35126],{"class":3917},[36,88553,88482],{"class":42},[36,88555,88556,88558,88560,88562,88564,88566,88568,88571,88573,88575,88577,88579],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,88557,142],{"class":141},[36,88559,145],{"class":50},[36,88561,42663],{"class":148},[36,88563,303],{"class":50},[36,88565,88524],{"class":24783},[36,88567,303],{"class":50},[36,88569,88570],{"class":148},"isfile",[36,88572,145],{"class":50},[36,88574,88],{"class":87},[36,88576,86638],{"class":91},[36,88578,88],{"class":87},[36,88580,445],{"class":50},[14,88582,88583],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[26,88585,88587],{"className":28,"code":88586,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[33,88588,88589,88631],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,88590,88591,88593,88595,88597,88599,88601,88603,88605,88607,88609,88611,88613,88615,88617,88619,88621,88623,88625,88627,88629],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,88592,86628],{"class":3917},[36,88594,86631],{"class":141},[36,88596,145],{"class":50},[36,88598,88],{"class":87},[36,88600,86638],{"class":91},[36,88602,88],{"class":87},[36,88604,58],{"class":50},[36,88606,99],{"class":87},[36,88608,60540],{"class":91},[36,88610,88],{"class":87},[36,88612,58],{"class":50},[36,88614,86653],{"class":9210},[36,88616,47],{"class":46},[36,88618,88],{"class":87},[36,88620,86660],{"class":91},[36,88622,88],{"class":87},[36,88624,3703],{"class":50},[36,88626,47395],{"class":3917},[36,88628,86670],{"class":86669},[36,88630,6433],{"class":50},[36,88632,88633,88635,88637,88639,88641,88643],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,88634,8105],{"class":141},[36,88636,145],{"class":50},[36,88638,86776],{"class":86669},[36,88640,303],{"class":50},[36,88642,86686],{"class":148},[36,88644,1847],{"class":50},[14,88646,88647],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[21,88649,1872],{"id":1871},[376,88651,88653],{"id":88652},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[14,88655,88656],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[376,88658,88660],{"id":88659},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[14,88662,88663,88664,88666],{},"Use it inside a ",[33,88665,86628],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[376,88668,5220,88670,482,88672,88674],{"id":88669},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[33,88671,87024],{},[33,88673,18127],{}," mode?",[14,88676,88677,88679,88680,88682],{},[33,88678,87024],{}," overwrites the file. ",[33,88681,18127],{}," adds new content to the end.",[376,88684,88686],{"id":88685},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[14,88688,88689],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[376,88691,88693],{"id":88692},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[14,88695,88696,88697,88699],{},"It is a good habit. ",[33,88698,87004],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[21,88701,1923],{"id":1922},[246,88703,88704,88708,88712,88716,88720,88724,88728,88734],{},[249,88705,88706],{},[294,88707,87837],{"href":87836},[249,88709,88710],{},[294,88711,88042],{"href":88041},[249,88713,88714],{},[294,88715,88046],{"href":88045},[249,88717,88718],{},[294,88719,87841],{"href":87840},[249,88721,88722],{},[294,88723,88433],{"href":88432},[249,88725,88726],{},[294,88727,88265],{"href":88264},[249,88729,88730],{},[294,88731,88257,88732,88261],{"href":88256},[36,88733,88260],{},[249,88735,88736],{},[294,88737,88295,88738,88299],{"href":88294},[36,88739,88298],{},[1962,88741,88742],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":88744},[88745,88746,88747,88748,88749,88750,88751,88756,88757,88762,88768,88769,88770,88778],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":86711,"depth":72,"text":86712},{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":87008,"depth":72,"text":87009},{"id":87272,"depth":72,"text":87273},{"id":87396,"depth":72,"text":87397},{"id":87579,"depth":72,"text":87580,"children":88752},[88753,88754,88755],{"id":87589,"depth":118,"text":87590},{"id":87668,"depth":118,"text":87669},{"id":87751,"depth":118,"text":87752},{"id":87844,"depth":72,"text":87845},{"id":88049,"depth":72,"text":88050,"children":88758},[88759,88760,88761],{"id":88056,"depth":118,"text":87004},{"id":88140,"depth":118,"text":88140},{"id":88151,"depth":118,"text":88151},{"id":88162,"depth":72,"text":88163,"children":88763},[88764,88765,88766,88767],{"id":88169,"depth":118,"text":88172},{"id":88268,"depth":118,"text":88271},{"id":88302,"depth":118,"text":88305},{"id":88385,"depth":118,"text":88388},{"id":88402,"depth":72,"text":88403},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":88771},[88772,88773,88774,88776,88777],{"id":88652,"depth":118,"text":88653},{"id":88659,"depth":118,"text":88660},{"id":88669,"depth":118,"text":88775},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88685,"depth":118,"text":88686},{"id":88692,"depth":118,"text":88693},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86599,"description":88779},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88786,"title":88787,"body":88788,"description":90783,"extension":2009,"meta":90784,"navigation":134,"path":90785,"seo":90786,"stem":90787,"__hash__":90788},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88789,"toc":90730},[88790,88795,88800,88806,88808,88876,88878,88897,88902,88907,88912,88915,88927,88929,88972,88974,88992,89003,89005,89007,89032,89034,89045,89047,89107,89109,89135,89138,89142,89147,89151,89154,89188,89192,89195,89220,89224,89247,89251,89284,89289,89293,89298,89301,89369,89371,89395,89400,89403,89434,89436,89468,89485,89489,89494,89518,89525,89530,89535,89538,89542,89577,89579,89588,89592,89683,89685,89716,89721,89728,89733,89742,89745,89779,89781,89795,89799,89840,89842,89851,89855,89903,89905,89919,89924,89935,89942,89948,89950,89985,89987,90001,90004,90026,90032,90061,90072,90078,90084,90098,90100,90179,90181,90231,90238,90240,90245,90249,90252,90267,90272,90274,90293,90299,90302,90317,90319,90337,90343,90348,90378,90381,90404,90407,90434,90441,90447,90455,90478,90483,90491,90493,90513,90517,90523,90573,90576,90598,90600,90606,90614,90620,90626,90634,90639,90643,90646,90669,90674,90681,90693,90695,90727],[10,88791,1935,88793,3624],{"id":88792},"python-print-function-explained",[33,88794,46490],{},[14,88796,32351,88797,88799],{},[33,88798,46490],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[14,88801,88802,88803,88805],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[33,88804,46490],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[21,88807,2051],{"id":2050},[26,88809,88811],{"className":28,"code":88810,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[33,88812,88813,88825,88834,88838,88848,88858],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,88814,88815,88817,88819,88821,88823],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,88816,7912],{"class":42},[36,88818,47],{"class":46},[36,88820,99],{"class":87},[36,88822,7957],{"class":91},[36,88824,3403],{"class":87},[36,88826,88827,88829,88831],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,88828,21660],{"class":42},[36,88830,47],{"class":46},[36,88832,88833],{"class":54}," 12\n",[36,88835,88836],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,88837,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,88839,88840,88842,88844,88846],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,88841,142],{"class":141},[36,88843,145],{"class":50},[36,88845,1250],{"class":148},[36,88847,152],{"class":50},[36,88849,88850,88852,88854,88856],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,88851,142],{"class":141},[36,88853,145],{"class":50},[36,88855,9331],{"class":148},[36,88857,152],{"class":50},[36,88859,88860,88862,88864,88866,88868,88870,88872,88874],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,88861,142],{"class":141},[36,88863,145],{"class":50},[36,88865,88],{"class":87},[36,88867,34902],{"class":91},[36,88869,88],{"class":87},[36,88871,58],{"class":50},[36,88873,36028],{"class":148},[36,88875,152],{"class":50},[14,88877,182],{},[26,88879,88881],{"className":28,"code":88880,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[33,88882,88883,88888,88892],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,88884,88885],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,88886,88887],{"class":42},"Mia\n",[36,88889,88890],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,88891,2275],{"class":54},[36,88893,88894],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,88895,88896],{"class":42},"Hello Mia\n",[14,88898,495,88899,88901],{},[33,88900,46490],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[21,88903,3720,88905,3723],{"id":88904},"what-print-does",[33,88906,46490],{},[14,88908,88909,88911],{},[33,88910,46490],{}," sends output to the screen.",[14,88913,88914],{},"You can use it to display:",[246,88916,88917,88919,88921,88924],{},[249,88918,34743],{},[249,88920,149],{},[249,88922,88923],{},"variables",[249,88925,88926],{},"expressions",[14,88928,2257],{},[26,88930,88932],{"className":28,"code":88931,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[33,88933,88934,88948,88958],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,88935,88936,88938,88940,88942,88944,88946],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,88937,142],{"class":141},[36,88939,145],{"class":50},[36,88941,88],{"class":87},[36,88943,34902],{"class":91},[36,88945,88],{"class":87},[36,88947,152],{"class":50},[36,88949,88950,88952,88954,88956],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,88951,142],{"class":141},[36,88953,145],{"class":50},[36,88955,2183],{"class":54},[36,88957,152],{"class":50},[36,88959,88960,88962,88964,88966,88968,88970],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,88961,142],{"class":141},[36,88963,145],{"class":50},[36,88965,481],{"class":54},[36,88967,2504],{"class":46},[36,88969,66],{"class":54},[36,88971,152],{"class":50},[14,88973,182],{},[26,88975,88977],{"className":28,"code":88976,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[33,88978,88979,88984,88988],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,88980,88981],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,88982,88983],{"class":42},"Hello\n",[36,88985,88986],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,88987,2996],{"class":54},[36,88989,88990],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,88991,2996],{"class":54},[14,88993,88994,88995,88997,88998,89002],{},"A very important detail is that ",[33,88996,46490],{}," ",[180,88999,3735,89000],{},[33,89001,3822],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[21,89004,2205],{"id":2204},[14,89006,30758],{},[26,89008,89010],{"className":28,"code":89009,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[33,89011,89012],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,89013,89014,89016,89018,89021,89023,89026,89028,89030],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,89015,142],{"class":141},[36,89017,145],{"class":50},[36,89019,89020],{"class":148},"object1",[36,89022,58],{"class":50},[36,89024,89025],{"class":148}," object2",[36,89027,58],{"class":50},[36,89029,34488],{"class":141},[36,89031,152],{"class":50},[14,89033,80237],{},[246,89035,89036,89039,89042],{},[249,89037,89038],{},"one value",[249,89040,89041],{},"many values",[249,89043,89044],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[14,89046,2257],{},[26,89048,89050],{"className":28,"code":89049,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[33,89051,89052,89066,89085],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,89053,89054,89056,89058,89060,89062,89064],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,89055,142],{"class":141},[36,89057,145],{"class":50},[36,89059,88],{"class":87},[36,89061,57806],{"class":91},[36,89063,88],{"class":87},[36,89065,152],{"class":50},[36,89067,89068,89070,89072,89074,89077,89079,89081,89083],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,89069,142],{"class":141},[36,89071,145],{"class":50},[36,89073,88],{"class":87},[36,89075,89076],{"class":91},"Score:",[36,89078,88],{"class":87},[36,89080,58],{"class":50},[36,89082,6044],{"class":54},[36,89084,152],{"class":50},[36,89086,89087,89089,89091,89093,89095,89097,89099,89101,89103,89105],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,89088,142],{"class":141},[36,89090,145],{"class":50},[36,89092,88],{"class":87},[36,89094,45601],{"class":91},[36,89096,88],{"class":87},[36,89098,58],{"class":50},[36,89100,559],{"class":54},[36,89102,2504],{"class":46},[36,89104,37679],{"class":54},[36,89106,152],{"class":50},[14,89108,182],{},[26,89110,89112],{"className":28,"code":89111,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[33,89113,89114,89118,89127],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,89115,89116],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,89117,85390],{"class":42},[36,89119,89120,89123,89125],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,89121,89122],{"class":42},"Score",[36,89124,1213],{"class":50},[36,89126,2637],{"class":54},[36,89128,89129,89131,89133],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,89130,45641],{"class":42},[36,89132,1213],{"class":50},[36,89134,2637],{"class":54},[14,89136,89137],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[21,89139,89141],{"id":89140},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[14,89143,89144,89145,303],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[33,89146,46490],{},[376,89148,89150],{"id":89149},"print-text","Print text",[14,89152,89153],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[26,89155,89157],{"className":28,"code":89156,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[33,89158,89159,89173],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,89160,89161,89163,89165,89167,89169,89171],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,89162,142],{"class":141},[36,89164,145],{"class":50},[36,89166,88],{"class":87},[36,89168,34902],{"class":91},[36,89170,88],{"class":87},[36,89172,152],{"class":50},[36,89174,89175,89177,89179,89181,89184,89186],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,89176,142],{"class":141},[36,89178,145],{"class":50},[36,89180,88],{"class":87},[36,89182,89183],{"class":91},"Python is fun",[36,89185,88],{"class":87},[36,89187,152],{"class":50},[376,89189,89191],{"id":89190},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[14,89193,89194],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[26,89196,89198],{"className":28,"code":89197,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[33,89199,89200,89210],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,89201,89202,89204,89206,89208],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,89203,142],{"class":141},[36,89205,145],{"class":50},[36,89207,2183],{"class":54},[36,89209,152],{"class":50},[36,89211,89212,89214,89216,89218],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,89213,142],{"class":141},[36,89215,145],{"class":50},[36,89217,40180],{"class":54},[36,89219,152],{"class":50},[376,89221,89223],{"id":89222},"print-variables","Print variables",[26,89225,89227],{"className":28,"code":89226,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[33,89228,89229,89237],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,89230,89231,89233,89235],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,89232,5135],{"class":42},[36,89234,47],{"class":46},[36,89236,14163],{"class":54},[36,89238,89239,89241,89243,89245],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,89240,142],{"class":141},[36,89242,145],{"class":50},[36,89244,85554],{"class":148},[36,89246,152],{"class":50},[376,89248,89250],{"id":89249},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[26,89252,89254],{"className":28,"code":89253,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[33,89255,89256,89270],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,89257,89258,89260,89262,89264,89266,89268],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,89259,142],{"class":141},[36,89261,145],{"class":50},[36,89263,481],{"class":54},[36,89265,2504],{"class":46},[36,89267,66],{"class":54},[36,89269,152],{"class":50},[36,89271,89272,89274,89276,89278,89280,89282],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,89273,142],{"class":141},[36,89275,145],{"class":50},[36,89277,631],{"class":54},[36,89279,82866],{"class":46},[36,89281,559],{"class":54},[36,89283,152],{"class":50},[14,89285,89286,89287,303],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[294,89288,51015],{"href":51014},[21,89290,89292],{"id":89291},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[14,89294,89295,89297],{},[33,89296,46490],{}," can take more than one argument.",[14,89299,89300],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[26,89302,89304],{"className":28,"code":89303,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[33,89305,89306,89319,89327,89331,89350],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,89307,89308,89310,89312,89314,89317],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,89309,7912],{"class":42},[36,89311,47],{"class":46},[36,89313,99],{"class":87},[36,89315,89316],{"class":91},"Ava",[36,89318,3403],{"class":87},[36,89320,89321,89323,89325],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,89322,21660],{"class":42},[36,89324,47],{"class":46},[36,89326,2637],{"class":54},[36,89328,89329],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,89330,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,89332,89333,89335,89337,89339,89342,89344,89346,89348],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,89334,142],{"class":141},[36,89336,145],{"class":50},[36,89338,88],{"class":87},[36,89340,89341],{"class":91},"Name:",[36,89343,88],{"class":87},[36,89345,58],{"class":50},[36,89347,36028],{"class":148},[36,89349,152],{"class":50},[36,89351,89352,89354,89356,89358,89361,89363,89365,89367],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,89353,142],{"class":141},[36,89355,145],{"class":50},[36,89357,88],{"class":87},[36,89359,89360],{"class":91},"Age:",[36,89362,88],{"class":87},[36,89364,58],{"class":50},[36,89366,9223],{"class":148},[36,89368,152],{"class":50},[14,89370,182],{},[26,89372,89374],{"className":28,"code":89373,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[33,89375,89376,89386],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,89377,89378,89381,89383],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,89379,89380],{"class":42},"Name",[36,89382,1213],{"class":50},[36,89384,89385],{"class":42}," Ava\n",[36,89387,89388,89391,89393],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,89389,89390],{"class":42},"Age",[36,89392,1213],{"class":50},[36,89394,2637],{"class":54},[14,89396,89397,89398,303],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[33,89399,2107],{},[14,89401,89402],{},"For example, this works:",[26,89404,89406],{"className":28,"code":89405,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[33,89407,89408,89416],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,89409,89410,89412,89414],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,89411,21660],{"class":42},[36,89413,47],{"class":46},[36,89415,2637],{"class":54},[36,89417,89418,89420,89422,89424,89426,89428,89430,89432],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,89419,142],{"class":141},[36,89421,145],{"class":50},[36,89423,88],{"class":87},[36,89425,89360],{"class":91},[36,89427,88],{"class":87},[36,89429,58],{"class":50},[36,89431,9223],{"class":148},[36,89433,152],{"class":50},[14,89435,36961],{},[26,89437,89439],{"className":28,"code":89438,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[33,89440,89441,89449],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,89442,89443,89445,89447],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,89444,21660],{"class":42},[36,89446,47],{"class":46},[36,89448,2637],{"class":54},[36,89450,89451,89453,89455,89457,89460,89462,89464,89466],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,89452,142],{"class":141},[36,89454,145],{"class":50},[36,89456,88],{"class":87},[36,89458,89459],{"class":91},"Age: ",[36,89461,88],{"class":87},[36,89463,2504],{"class":46},[36,89465,9223],{"class":148},[36,89467,152],{"class":50},[14,89469,89470,89471,89474,89475,89477,89478,89480,89481,303],{},"That fails because ",[33,89472,89473],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[33,89476,9331],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[33,89479,2107],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[294,89482,89483],{"href":42212},[33,89484,47721],{},[21,89486,89488],{"id":89487},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[14,89490,89491,89493],{},[33,89492,46490],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[246,89495,89496,89502,89507,89512],{},[249,89497,89498,89501],{},[33,89499,89500],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[249,89503,89504,89506],{},[33,89505,52699],{}," controls what is added after the output",[249,89508,89509,89511],{},[33,89510,86776],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[249,89513,89514,89517],{},[33,89515,89516],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[14,89519,89520,89521,482,89523,303],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[33,89522,89500],{},[33,89524,52699],{},[21,89526,89528,36650],{"id":89527},"sep-argument",[33,89529,89500],{},[14,89531,2026,89532,89534],{},[33,89533,89500],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[14,89536,89537],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[376,89539,89541],{"id":89540},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[26,89543,89545],{"className":28,"code":89544,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[33,89546,89547],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,89548,89549,89551,89553,89555,89557,89559,89561,89563,89565,89567,89569,89571,89573,89575],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,89550,142],{"class":141},[36,89552,145],{"class":50},[36,89554,88],{"class":87},[36,89556,13125],{"class":91},[36,89558,88],{"class":87},[36,89560,58],{"class":50},[36,89562,99],{"class":87},[36,89564,17486],{"class":91},[36,89566,88],{"class":87},[36,89568,58],{"class":50},[36,89570,99],{"class":87},[36,89572,13142],{"class":91},[36,89574,88],{"class":87},[36,89576,152],{"class":50},[14,89578,182],{},[26,89580,89582],{"className":28,"code":89581,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"red green blue\n",[33,89583,89584],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,89585,89586],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,89587,89581],{"class":42},[376,89589,89591],{"id":89590},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[26,89593,89595],{"className":28,"code":89594,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[33,89596,89597,89640],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,89598,89599,89601,89603,89605,89607,89609,89611,89613,89615,89617,89619,89621,89623,89625,89627,89630,89632,89634,89636,89638],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,89600,142],{"class":141},[36,89602,145],{"class":50},[36,89604,88],{"class":87},[36,89606,13125],{"class":91},[36,89608,88],{"class":87},[36,89610,58],{"class":50},[36,89612,99],{"class":87},[36,89614,17486],{"class":91},[36,89616,88],{"class":87},[36,89618,58],{"class":50},[36,89620,99],{"class":87},[36,89622,13142],{"class":91},[36,89624,88],{"class":87},[36,89626,58],{"class":50},[36,89628,89629],{"class":9210}," sep",[36,89631,47],{"class":46},[36,89633,88],{"class":87},[36,89635,58],{"class":91},[36,89637,88],{"class":87},[36,89639,152],{"class":50},[36,89641,89642,89644,89646,89648,89650,89652,89654,89656,89658,89660,89662,89664,89666,89668,89670,89672,89674,89676,89679,89681],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,89643,142],{"class":141},[36,89645,145],{"class":50},[36,89647,88],{"class":87},[36,89649,13125],{"class":91},[36,89651,88],{"class":87},[36,89653,58],{"class":50},[36,89655,99],{"class":87},[36,89657,17486],{"class":91},[36,89659,88],{"class":87},[36,89661,58],{"class":50},[36,89663,99],{"class":87},[36,89665,13142],{"class":91},[36,89667,88],{"class":87},[36,89669,58],{"class":50},[36,89671,89629],{"class":9210},[36,89673,47],{"class":46},[36,89675,88],{"class":87},[36,89677,89678],{"class":91}," - ",[36,89680,88],{"class":87},[36,89682,152],{"class":50},[14,89684,182],{},[26,89686,89688],{"className":28,"code":89687,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[33,89689,89690,89702],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,89691,89692,89694,89696,89698,89700],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,89693,13125],{"class":42},[36,89695,58],{"class":50},[36,89697,17486],{"class":42},[36,89699,58],{"class":50},[36,89701,70017],{"class":42},[36,89703,89704,89707,89709,89712,89714],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,89705,89706],{"class":42},"red ",[36,89708,2070],{"class":46},[36,89710,89711],{"class":42}," green ",[36,89713,2070],{"class":46},[36,89715,35917],{"class":42},[14,89717,89718,89720],{},[33,89719,89500],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[14,89722,89723,89724,303],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[294,89725,89727],{"href":89726},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[21,89729,89731,36650],{"id":89730},"end-argument",[33,89732,52699],{},[14,89734,89735,89736,89738,89739,89741],{},"By default, ",[33,89737,46490],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[33,89740,46490],{}," starts on a new line.",[376,89743,89541],{"id":89744},"default-behavior-1",[26,89746,89748],{"className":28,"code":89747,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[33,89749,89750,89764],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,89751,89752,89754,89756,89758,89760,89762],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,89753,142],{"class":141},[36,89755,145],{"class":50},[36,89757,88],{"class":87},[36,89759,34902],{"class":91},[36,89761,88],{"class":87},[36,89763,152],{"class":50},[36,89765,89766,89768,89770,89772,89775,89777],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,89767,142],{"class":141},[36,89769,145],{"class":50},[36,89771,88],{"class":87},[36,89773,89774],{"class":91},"World",[36,89776,88],{"class":87},[36,89778,152],{"class":50},[14,89780,182],{},[26,89782,89784],{"className":28,"code":89783,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Hello\nWorld\n",[33,89785,89786,89790],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,89787,89788],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,89789,88983],{"class":42},[36,89791,89792],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,89793,89794],{"class":42},"World\n",[376,89796,89798],{"id":89797},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[26,89800,89802],{"className":28,"code":89801,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[33,89803,89804,89826],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,89805,89806,89808,89810,89812,89814,89816,89818,89820,89822,89824],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,89807,142],{"class":141},[36,89809,145],{"class":50},[36,89811,88],{"class":87},[36,89813,34902],{"class":91},[36,89815,88],{"class":87},[36,89817,58],{"class":50},[36,89819,65076],{"class":9210},[36,89821,47],{"class":46},[36,89823,6312],{"class":87},[36,89825,152],{"class":50},[36,89827,89828,89830,89832,89834,89836,89838],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,89829,142],{"class":141},[36,89831,145],{"class":50},[36,89833,88],{"class":87},[36,89835,89774],{"class":91},[36,89837,88],{"class":87},[36,89839,152],{"class":50},[14,89841,182],{},[26,89843,89845],{"className":28,"code":89844,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"HelloWorld\n",[33,89846,89847],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,89848,89849],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,89850,89844],{"class":42},[376,89852,89854],{"id":89853},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[26,89856,89858],{"className":28,"code":89857,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[33,89859,89860,89889],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,89861,89862,89864,89866,89868,89870,89872,89874,89876,89878,89880,89883,89885,89887],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,89863,142],{"class":141},[36,89865,145],{"class":50},[36,89867,88],{"class":87},[36,89869,34902],{"class":91},[36,89871,88],{"class":87},[36,89873,58],{"class":50},[36,89875,65076],{"class":9210},[36,89877,47],{"class":46},[36,89879,88],{"class":87},[36,89881,89882],{"class":91},"!",[36,89884,87187],{"class":34487},[36,89886,88],{"class":87},[36,89888,152],{"class":50},[36,89890,89891,89893,89895,89897,89899,89901],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,89892,142],{"class":141},[36,89894,145],{"class":50},[36,89896,88],{"class":87},[36,89898,89774],{"class":91},[36,89900,88],{"class":87},[36,89902,152],{"class":50},[14,89904,182],{},[26,89906,89908],{"className":28,"code":89907,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[33,89909,89910,89915],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,89911,89912],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,89913,89914],{"class":42},"Hello!\n",[36,89916,89917],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,89918,89794],{"class":42},[14,89920,2026,89921,89923],{},[33,89922,52699],{}," argument is useful for:",[246,89925,89926,89929,89932],{},[249,89927,89928],{},"progress messages",[249,89930,89931],{},"inline output",[249,89933,89934],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[21,89936,89938,2448,89940],{"id":89937},"print-returns-none",[33,89939,46490],{},[33,89941,3822],{},[14,89943,89944,89945,89947],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[33,89946,46490],{}," to return the text it shows.",[14,89949,2257],{},[26,89951,89953],{"className":28,"code":89952,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[33,89954,89955,89975],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,89956,89957,89959,89961,89964,89966,89968,89971,89973],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,89958,2280],{"class":42},[36,89960,47],{"class":46},[36,89962,89963],{"class":141}," print",[36,89965,145],{"class":50},[36,89967,88],{"class":87},[36,89969,89970],{"class":91},"Hi",[36,89972,88],{"class":87},[36,89974,152],{"class":50},[36,89976,89977,89979,89981,89983],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,89978,142],{"class":141},[36,89980,145],{"class":50},[36,89982,2315],{"class":148},[36,89984,152],{"class":50},[14,89986,182],{},[26,89988,89990],{"className":28,"code":89989,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Hi\nNone\n",[33,89991,89992,89997],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,89993,89994],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,89995,89996],{"class":42},"Hi\n",[36,89998,89999],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,90000,11838],{"class":1143},[14,90002,90003],{},"Why does this happen?",[246,90005,90006,90014,90019],{},[249,90007,90008,90011,90012],{},[33,90009,90010],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[33,90013,89970],{},[249,90015,90016,90017],{},"but the function itself returns ",[33,90018,3822],{},[249,90020,90021,90022,11950,90024],{},"so ",[33,90023,2315],{},[33,90025,3822],{},[14,90027,90028,90029,90031],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[33,90030,46490],{}," call.",[26,90033,90035],{"className":28,"code":90034,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[33,90036,90037,90050],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,90038,90039,90042,90044,90046,90048],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,90040,90041],{"class":42},"message ",[36,90043,47],{"class":46},[36,90045,99],{"class":87},[36,90047,89970],{"class":91},[36,90049,3403],{"class":87},[36,90051,90052,90054,90056,90059],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,90053,142],{"class":141},[36,90055,145],{"class":50},[36,90057,90058],{"class":148},"message",[36,90060,152],{"class":50},[14,90062,90063,90064,90066,90067,90071],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[33,90065,46490],{}," with functions like ",[294,90068,90069],{"href":8255},[33,90070,3007],{},", which do return a value.",[21,90073,90075,90076],{"id":90074},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[33,90077,46490],{},[14,90079,90080,90081,90083],{},"Beginners use ",[33,90082,46490],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[246,90085,90086,90089,90092,90095],{},[249,90087,90088],{},"to display results to the user",[249,90090,90091],{},"to show messages in a script",[249,90093,90094],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[249,90096,90097],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[14,90099,2257],{},[26,90101,90103],{"className":28,"code":90102,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[33,90104,90105,90113,90117,90137,90148],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,90106,90107,90109,90111],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,90108,41219],{"class":42},[36,90110,47],{"class":46},[36,90112,38549],{"class":54},[36,90114,90115],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,90116,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,90118,90119,90121,90123,90125,90127,90129,90131,90133,90135],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,90120,5997],{"class":3917},[36,90122,6426],{"class":42},[36,90124,3924],{"class":3917},[36,90126,54109],{"class":141},[36,90128,145],{"class":50},[36,90130,55],{"class":54},[36,90132,58],{"class":50},[36,90134,559],{"class":54},[36,90136,8378],{"class":50},[36,90138,90139,90142,90145],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,90140,90141],{"class":42},"    total ",[36,90143,90144],{"class":46},"+=",[36,90146,90147],{"class":42}," number\n",[36,90149,90150,90152,90154,90156,90159,90161,90163,90165,90167,90169,90171,90173,90175,90177],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,90151,8105],{"class":141},[36,90153,145],{"class":50},[36,90155,88],{"class":87},[36,90157,90158],{"class":91},"Current number:",[36,90160,88],{"class":87},[36,90162,58],{"class":50},[36,90164,2246],{"class":148},[36,90166,58],{"class":50},[36,90168,99],{"class":87},[36,90170,45601],{"class":91},[36,90172,88],{"class":87},[36,90174,58],{"class":50},[36,90176,45608],{"class":148},[36,90178,152],{"class":50},[14,90180,182],{},[26,90182,90184],{"className":28,"code":90183,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[33,90185,90186,90202,90216],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,90187,90188,90191,90193,90195,90198,90200],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,90189,90190],{"class":42},"Current number",[36,90192,1213],{"class":50},[36,90194,1340],{"class":54},[36,90196,90197],{"class":42}," Total",[36,90199,1213],{"class":50},[36,90201,29650],{"class":54},[36,90203,90204,90206,90208,90210,90212,90214],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,90205,90190],{"class":42},[36,90207,1213],{"class":50},[36,90209,61],{"class":54},[36,90211,90197],{"class":42},[36,90213,1213],{"class":50},[36,90215,2627],{"class":54},[36,90217,90218,90220,90222,90224,90226,90228],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,90219,90190],{"class":42},[36,90221,1213],{"class":50},[36,90223,66],{"class":54},[36,90225,90197],{"class":42},[36,90227,1213],{"class":50},[36,90229,90230],{"class":54}," 6\n",[14,90232,90233,90234,303],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[294,90235,90237],{"href":90236},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[21,90239,1455],{"id":1454},[14,90241,90242,90243,303],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[33,90244,46490],{},[376,90246,90248],{"id":90247},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[14,90250,90251],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[26,90253,90255],{"className":28,"code":90254,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(Hello)\n",[33,90256,90257],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,90258,90259,90261,90263,90265],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,90260,142],{"class":141},[36,90262,145],{"class":50},[36,90264,34902],{"class":148},[36,90266,152],{"class":50},[14,90268,8909,90269,90271],{},[33,90270,34902],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[14,90273,10837],{},[26,90275,90277],{"className":28,"code":90276,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[33,90278,90279],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,90280,90281,90283,90285,90287,90289,90291],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,90282,142],{"class":141},[36,90284,145],{"class":50},[36,90286,88],{"class":87},[36,90288,34902],{"class":91},[36,90290,88],{"class":87},[36,90292,152],{"class":50},[376,90294,1462,90296,90298],{"id":90295},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[33,90297,142],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[14,90300,90301],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[26,90303,90305],{"className":28,"code":90304,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print \"Hello\"\n",[33,90306,90307],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,90308,90309,90311,90313,90315],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,90310,142],{"class":141},[36,90312,99],{"class":87},[36,90314,34902],{"class":91},[36,90316,3403],{"class":87},[14,90318,10837],{},[26,90320,90321],{"className":28,"code":90276,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,90322,90323],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,90324,90325,90327,90329,90331,90333,90335],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,90326,142],{"class":141},[36,90328,145],{"class":50},[36,90330,88],{"class":87},[36,90332,34902],{"class":91},[36,90334,88],{"class":87},[36,90336,152],{"class":50},[376,90338,90340,90341],{"id":90339},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[33,90342,2107],{},[14,90344,90345,90346,303],{},"This causes a ",[33,90347,1210],{},[26,90349,90350],{"className":28,"code":89438,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,90351,90352,90360],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,90353,90354,90356,90358],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,90355,21660],{"class":42},[36,90357,47],{"class":46},[36,90359,2637],{"class":54},[36,90361,90362,90364,90366,90368,90370,90372,90374,90376],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,90363,142],{"class":141},[36,90365,145],{"class":50},[36,90367,88],{"class":87},[36,90369,89459],{"class":91},[36,90371,88],{"class":87},[36,90373,2504],{"class":46},[36,90375,9223],{"class":148},[36,90377,152],{"class":50},[14,90379,90380],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[26,90382,90384],{"className":28,"code":90383,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[33,90385,90386],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,90387,90388,90390,90392,90394,90396,90398,90400,90402],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,90389,142],{"class":141},[36,90391,145],{"class":50},[36,90393,88],{"class":87},[36,90395,89360],{"class":91},[36,90397,88],{"class":87},[36,90399,58],{"class":50},[36,90401,9223],{"class":148},[36,90403,152],{"class":50},[14,90405,90406],{},"Or convert the number first:",[26,90408,90410],{"className":28,"code":90409,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[33,90411,90412],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,90413,90414,90416,90418,90420,90422,90424,90426,90428,90430,90432],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,90415,142],{"class":141},[36,90417,145],{"class":50},[36,90419,88],{"class":87},[36,90421,89459],{"class":91},[36,90423,88],{"class":87},[36,90425,2504],{"class":46},[36,90427,48942],{"class":80},[36,90429,145],{"class":50},[36,90431,9331],{"class":148},[36,90433,445],{"class":50},[14,90435,90436,90437,303],{},"If you see this error, read ",[294,90438,90440],{"href":90439},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[376,90442,8489,90444,90446],{"id":90443},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[33,90445,46490],{}," to return a value",[14,90448,90449,90450,35365,90453,1213],{},"This does not store ",[33,90451,90452],{},"\"Hello\"",[33,90454,2315],{},[26,90456,90458],{"className":28,"code":90457,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[33,90459,90460],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,90461,90462,90464,90466,90468,90470,90472,90474,90476],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,90463,2280],{"class":42},[36,90465,47],{"class":46},[36,90467,89963],{"class":141},[36,90469,145],{"class":50},[36,90471,88],{"class":87},[36,90473,34902],{"class":91},[36,90475,88],{"class":87},[36,90477,152],{"class":50},[14,90479,90480,90481,303],{},"It stores ",[33,90482,3822],{},[376,90484,90486,90487,482,90489],{"id":90485},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[33,90488,89500],{},[33,90490,52699],{},[14,90492,85846],{},[246,90494,90495,90504],{},[249,90496,90497,90499,90500,90503],{},[33,90498,89500],{}," changes what goes ",[180,90501,90502],{},"between"," multiple values",[249,90505,90506,90508,90509,90512],{},[33,90507,52699],{}," changes what appears ",[180,90510,90511],{},"after"," the output",[21,90514,90516],{"id":90515},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[14,90518,90519,90520,90522],{},"These simple ",[33,90521,46490],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[26,90524,90526],{"className":28,"code":90525,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[33,90527,90528,90548,90563],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,90529,90530,90532,90534,90536,90539,90541,90543,90546],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,90531,142],{"class":141},[36,90533,145],{"class":50},[36,90535,88],{"class":87},[36,90537,90538],{"class":91},"Debug:",[36,90540,88],{"class":87},[36,90542,58],{"class":50},[36,90544,90545],{"class":148}," variable_name",[36,90547,152],{"class":50},[36,90549,90550,90552,90554,90556,90558,90561],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,90551,142],{"class":141},[36,90553,145],{"class":50},[36,90555,818],{"class":80},[36,90557,145],{"class":50},[36,90559,90560],{"class":148},"variable_name",[36,90562,445],{"class":50},[36,90564,90565,90567,90569,90571],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,90566,32186],{"class":141},[36,90568,145],{"class":50},[36,90570,142],{"class":141},[36,90572,152],{"class":50},[14,90574,90575],{},"What they do:",[246,90577,90578,90584,90590],{},[249,90579,90580,90583],{},[33,90581,90582],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[249,90585,90586,90589],{},[33,90587,90588],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[249,90591,90592,90595,90596],{},[33,90593,90594],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[33,90597,46490],{},[21,90599,1872],{"id":1871},[376,90601,12735,90603,90605],{"id":90602},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[33,90604,46490],{}," add a new line automatically?",[14,90607,90608,90609,90611,90612,36656],{},"Yes. By default, ",[33,90610,46490],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[33,90613,52699],{},[376,90615,5210,90617,90619],{"id":90616},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[33,90618,46490],{}," show more than one value?",[14,90621,90622,90623,90625],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[33,90624,46490],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[376,90627,5198,90629,5201,90632,2541],{"id":90628},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[33,90630,90631],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[33,90633,3822],{},[14,90635,29096,90636,90638],{},[33,90637,46490],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[376,90640,90642],{"id":90641},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[14,90644,90645],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[26,90647,90649],{"className":28,"code":90648,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[33,90650,90651],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,90652,90653,90655,90657,90659,90661,90663,90665,90667],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,90654,142],{"class":141},[36,90656,145],{"class":50},[36,90658,88],{"class":87},[36,90660,89360],{"class":91},[36,90662,88],{"class":87},[36,90664,58],{"class":50},[36,90666,6044],{"class":54},[36,90668,152],{"class":50},[14,90670,90671,90672,39966],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[33,90673,47721],{},[376,90675,5220,90677,482,90679,2541],{"id":90676},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[33,90678,89500],{},[33,90680,52699],{},[246,90682,90683,90688],{},[249,90684,90685,90687],{},[33,90686,89500],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[249,90689,90690,90692],{},[33,90691,52699],{}," changes what appears after the output",[21,90694,1923],{"id":1922},[246,90696,90697,90701,90707,90713,90718,90723],{},[249,90698,90699],{},[294,90700,51015],{"href":51014},[249,90702,90703],{},[294,90704,1935,90705,3554],{"href":8255},[33,90706,3007],{},[249,90708,90709],{},[294,90710,1935,90711,3554],{"href":42212},[33,90712,47721],{},[249,90714,90715],{},[294,90716,90717],{"href":89726},"How to format strings in Python",[249,90719,90720],{},[294,90721,90722],{"href":90236},"How to debug Python code",[249,90724,90725],{},[294,90726,90440],{"href":90439},[1962,90728,90729],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":90731},[90732,90733,90735,90736,90742,90743,90744,90749,90755,90757,90759,90770,90771,90782],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":88904,"depth":72,"text":90734},"What print() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":89140,"depth":72,"text":89141,"children":90737},[90738,90739,90740,90741],{"id":89149,"depth":118,"text":89150},{"id":89190,"depth":118,"text":89191},{"id":89222,"depth":118,"text":89223},{"id":89249,"depth":118,"text":89250},{"id":89291,"depth":72,"text":89292},{"id":89487,"depth":72,"text":89488},{"id":89527,"depth":72,"text":90745,"children":90746},"sep argument",[90747,90748],{"id":89540,"depth":118,"text":89541},{"id":89590,"depth":118,"text":89591},{"id":89730,"depth":72,"text":90750,"children":90751},"end argument",[90752,90753,90754],{"id":89744,"depth":118,"text":89541},{"id":89797,"depth":118,"text":89798},{"id":89853,"depth":118,"text":89854},{"id":89937,"depth":72,"text":90756},"print() returns None",{"id":90074,"depth":72,"text":90758},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455,"children":90760},[90761,90762,90764,90766,90768],{"id":90247,"depth":118,"text":90248},{"id":90295,"depth":118,"text":90763},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90339,"depth":118,"text":90765},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90443,"depth":118,"text":90767},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90485,"depth":118,"text":90769},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90515,"depth":72,"text":90516},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":90772},[90773,90775,90777,90779,90780],{"id":90602,"depth":118,"text":90774},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90616,"depth":118,"text":90776},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90628,"depth":118,"text":90778},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90641,"depth":118,"text":90642},{"id":90676,"depth":118,"text":90781},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88787,"description":90783},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90790,"title":90791,"body":90792,"description":93094,"extension":2009,"meta":93095,"navigation":134,"path":93096,"seo":93097,"stem":93098,"__hash__":93099},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90793,"toc":93040},[90794,90799,90804,90817,90819,90884,90895,90900,90905,90907,90930,90933,90964,90966,90983,90988,90994,90999,91048,91051,91068,91074,91079,91102,91104,91132,91138,91146,91173,91175,91200,91206,91209,91240,91242,91271,91275,91278,91283,91305,91307,91335,91341,91347,91373,91375,91399,91405,91411,91441,91443,91471,91481,91485,91491,91524,91526,91555,91558,91561,91594,91596,91604,91610,91612,91635,91640,91649,91654,91668,91670,91710,91712,91742,91746,91781,91787,91791,91835,91837,91867,91873,91876,91955,91957,91979,91987,91990,92053,92061,92136,92142,92149,92154,92159,92182,92184,92205,92207,92220,92222,92269,92271,92310,92319,92321,92325,92329,92332,92359,92362,92391,92394,92418,92421,92429,92435,92457,92459,92487,92491,92496,92551,92556,92558,92615,92622,92631,92634,92666,92668,92676,92679,92685,92687,92710,92713,92719,92722,92741,92743,92762,92765,92787,92789,92817,92819,92823,92928,92930,92943,92945,92951,92954,92962,92967,92973,92979,92984,92992,92998,93005,93007,93037],[10,90795,1935,90797,3624],{"id":90796},"python-range-function-explained",[33,90798,517],{},[14,90800,32351,90801,90803],{},[33,90802,517],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[14,90805,90806,90807,90809,90810,90812,90813,90816],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[33,90808,5997],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[33,90811,517],{}," stops ",[180,90814,90815],{},"before"," the end value.",[21,90818,2051],{"id":2050},[26,90820,90822],{"className":28,"code":90821,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[33,90823,90824,90840,90850,90854,90859,90864,90869,90874,90879],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,90825,90826,90828,90830,90832,90834,90836,90838],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,90827,5997],{"class":3917},[36,90829,69584],{"class":42},[36,90831,3924],{"class":3917},[36,90833,54109],{"class":141},[36,90835,145],{"class":50},[36,90837,2183],{"class":54},[36,90839,8378],{"class":50},[36,90841,90842,90844,90846,90848],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,90843,8105],{"class":141},[36,90845,145],{"class":50},[36,90847,36189],{"class":148},[36,90849,152],{"class":50},[36,90851,90852],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,90853,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,90855,90856],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,90857,90858],{"class":1617},"# Output:\n",[36,90860,90861],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,90862,90863],{"class":1617},"# 0\n",[36,90865,90866],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,90867,90868],{"class":1617},"# 1\n",[36,90870,90871],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,90872,90873],{"class":1617},"# 2\n",[36,90875,90876],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,90877,90878],{"class":1617},"# 3\n",[36,90880,90881],{"class":38,"line":6471},[36,90882,90883],{"class":1617},"# 4\n",[14,90885,90886,90889,90890,90892,90893,303],{},[33,90887,90888],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[33,90891,2166],{}," and stopping before ",[33,90894,2183],{},[21,90896,3720,90898,3723],{"id":90897},"what-range-does",[33,90899,517],{},[14,90901,90902,90904],{},[33,90903,517],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[14,90906,13084],{},[246,90908,90909,90914,90920,90925],{},[249,90910,90911,90913],{},[33,90912,517],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[249,90915,90916,90917,90919],{},"It is commonly used with ",[33,90918,5997],{}," loops",[249,90921,90922,90923],{},"The stop value is ",[180,90924,65105],{},[249,90926,17452,90927,90929],{},[33,90928,60037],{}," object, not a regular list",[14,90931,90932],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[26,90934,90936],{"className":28,"code":90935,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[33,90937,90938,90954],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,90939,90940,90942,90944,90946,90948,90950,90952],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,90941,5997],{"class":3917},[36,90943,6426],{"class":42},[36,90945,3924],{"class":3917},[36,90947,54109],{"class":141},[36,90949,145],{"class":50},[36,90951,485],{"class":54},[36,90953,8378],{"class":50},[36,90955,90956,90958,90960,90962],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,90957,8105],{"class":141},[36,90959,145],{"class":50},[36,90961,2290],{"class":148},[36,90963,152],{"class":50},[14,90965,182],{},[26,90967,90969],{"className":28,"code":90968,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"0\n1\n2\n",[33,90970,90971,90975,90979],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,90972,90973],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,90974,47289],{"class":54},[36,90976,90977],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,90978,46954],{"class":54},[36,90980,90981],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,90982,17086],{"class":54},[14,90984,90985,90986,303],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[294,90987,36065],{"href":36064},[21,90989,90991,90993],{"id":90990},"range-syntax",[33,90992,517],{}," syntax",[14,90995,90996,90998],{},[33,90997,517],{}," has three common forms:",[26,91000,91002],{"className":28,"code":91001,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[33,91003,91004,91014,91029],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,91005,91006,91008,91010,91012],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,91007,60037],{"class":141},[36,91009,145],{"class":50},[36,91011,75460],{"class":148},[36,91013,152],{"class":50},[36,91015,91016,91018,91020,91022,91024,91027],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,91017,60037],{"class":141},[36,91019,145],{"class":50},[36,91021,36109],{"class":148},[36,91023,58],{"class":50},[36,91025,91026],{"class":148}," stop",[36,91028,152],{"class":50},[36,91030,91031,91033,91035,91037,91039,91041,91043,91046],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,91032,60037],{"class":141},[36,91034,145],{"class":50},[36,91036,36109],{"class":148},[36,91038,58],{"class":50},[36,91040,91026],{"class":148},[36,91042,58],{"class":50},[36,91044,91045],{"class":148}," step",[36,91047,152],{"class":50},[14,91049,91050],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[246,91052,91053,91058,91063],{},[249,91054,91055,91057],{},[33,91056,36109],{}," = first number",[249,91059,91060,91062],{},[33,91061,75460],{}," = end limit, not included",[249,91064,91065,91067],{},[33,91066,75463],{}," = amount to move each time",[376,91069,91071],{"id":91070},"rangestop",[33,91072,91073],{},"range(stop)",[14,91075,91076,91077,303],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[33,91078,2166],{},[26,91080,91082],{"className":28,"code":91081,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[33,91083,91084],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,91085,91086,91088,91090,91092,91094,91096,91098,91100],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,91087,142],{"class":141},[36,91089,145],{"class":50},[36,91091,1225],{"class":80},[36,91093,145],{"class":50},[36,91095,60037],{"class":141},[36,91097,145],{"class":50},[36,91099,2183],{"class":54},[36,91101,2961],{"class":50},[14,91103,182],{},[26,91105,91106],{"className":28,"code":60060,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,91107,91108],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,91109,91110,91112,91114,91116,91118,91120,91122,91124,91126,91128,91130],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,91111,3941],{"class":50},[36,91113,2166],{"class":54},[36,91115,58],{"class":50},[36,91117,1340],{"class":54},[36,91119,58],{"class":50},[36,91121,61],{"class":54},[36,91123,58],{"class":50},[36,91125,66],{"class":54},[36,91127,58],{"class":50},[36,91129,559],{"class":54},[36,91131,1355],{"class":50},[376,91133,91135],{"id":91134},"rangestart-stop",[33,91136,91137],{},"range(start, stop)",[14,91139,91140,91141,91143,91144,303],{},"This starts at ",[33,91142,36109],{}," and stops before ",[33,91145,75460],{},[26,91147,91149],{"className":28,"code":91148,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[33,91150,91151],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,91152,91153,91155,91157,91159,91161,91163,91165,91167,91169,91171],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,91154,142],{"class":141},[36,91156,145],{"class":50},[36,91158,1225],{"class":80},[36,91160,145],{"class":50},[36,91162,60037],{"class":141},[36,91164,145],{"class":50},[36,91166,481],{"class":54},[36,91168,58],{"class":50},[36,91170,37679],{"class":54},[36,91172,2961],{"class":50},[14,91174,182],{},[26,91176,91178],{"className":28,"code":91177,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[33,91179,91180],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,91181,91182,91184,91186,91188,91190,91192,91194,91196,91198],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,91183,3941],{"class":50},[36,91185,481],{"class":54},[36,91187,58],{"class":50},[36,91189,66],{"class":54},[36,91191,58],{"class":50},[36,91193,559],{"class":54},[36,91195,58],{"class":50},[36,91197,4644],{"class":54},[36,91199,1355],{"class":50},[376,91201,91203],{"id":91202},"rangestart-stop-step",[33,91204,91205],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[14,91207,91208],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[26,91210,91212],{"className":28,"code":91211,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[33,91213,91214],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,91215,91216,91218,91220,91222,91224,91226,91228,91230,91232,91234,91236,91238],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,91217,142],{"class":141},[36,91219,145],{"class":50},[36,91221,1225],{"class":80},[36,91223,145],{"class":50},[36,91225,60037],{"class":141},[36,91227,145],{"class":50},[36,91229,55],{"class":54},[36,91231,58],{"class":50},[36,91233,6044],{"class":54},[36,91235,58],{"class":50},[36,91237,61],{"class":54},[36,91239,2961],{"class":50},[14,91241,182],{},[26,91243,91245],{"className":28,"code":91244,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[33,91246,91247],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,91248,91249,91251,91253,91255,91257,91259,91261,91263,91265,91267,91269],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,91250,3941],{"class":50},[36,91252,55],{"class":54},[36,91254,58],{"class":50},[36,91256,66],{"class":54},[36,91258,58],{"class":50},[36,91260,4644],{"class":54},[36,91262,58],{"class":50},[36,91264,6033],{"class":54},[36,91266,58],{"class":50},[36,91268,54175],{"class":54},[36,91270,1355],{"class":50},[21,91272,91274],{"id":91273},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[14,91276,91277],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[376,91279,91281],{"id":91280},"range5",[33,91282,90888],{},[26,91284,91285],{"className":28,"code":91081,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,91286,91287],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,91288,91289,91291,91293,91295,91297,91299,91301,91303],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,91290,142],{"class":141},[36,91292,145],{"class":50},[36,91294,1225],{"class":80},[36,91296,145],{"class":50},[36,91298,60037],{"class":141},[36,91300,145],{"class":50},[36,91302,2183],{"class":54},[36,91304,2961],{"class":50},[14,91306,182],{},[26,91308,91309],{"className":28,"code":60060,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,91310,91311],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,91312,91313,91315,91317,91319,91321,91323,91325,91327,91329,91331,91333],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,91314,3941],{"class":50},[36,91316,2166],{"class":54},[36,91318,58],{"class":50},[36,91320,1340],{"class":54},[36,91322,58],{"class":50},[36,91324,61],{"class":54},[36,91326,58],{"class":50},[36,91328,66],{"class":54},[36,91330,58],{"class":50},[36,91332,559],{"class":54},[36,91334,1355],{"class":50},[14,91336,91140,91337,91143,91339,303],{},[33,91338,2166],{},[33,91340,2183],{},[376,91342,91344],{"id":91343},"range2-6",[33,91345,91346],{},"range(2, 6)",[26,91348,91349],{"className":28,"code":91148,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,91350,91351],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,91352,91353,91355,91357,91359,91361,91363,91365,91367,91369,91371],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,91354,142],{"class":141},[36,91356,145],{"class":50},[36,91358,1225],{"class":80},[36,91360,145],{"class":50},[36,91362,60037],{"class":141},[36,91364,145],{"class":50},[36,91366,481],{"class":54},[36,91368,58],{"class":50},[36,91370,37679],{"class":54},[36,91372,2961],{"class":50},[14,91374,182],{},[26,91376,91377],{"className":28,"code":91177,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,91378,91379],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,91380,91381,91383,91385,91387,91389,91391,91393,91395,91397],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,91382,3941],{"class":50},[36,91384,481],{"class":54},[36,91386,58],{"class":50},[36,91388,66],{"class":54},[36,91390,58],{"class":50},[36,91392,559],{"class":54},[36,91394,58],{"class":50},[36,91396,4644],{"class":54},[36,91398,1355],{"class":50},[14,91400,91140,91401,91143,91403,303],{},[33,91402,481],{},[33,91404,80628],{},[376,91406,91408],{"id":91407},"range1-10-2",[33,91409,91410],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[26,91412,91413],{"className":28,"code":91211,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,91414,91415],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,91416,91417,91419,91421,91423,91425,91427,91429,91431,91433,91435,91437,91439],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,91418,142],{"class":141},[36,91420,145],{"class":50},[36,91422,1225],{"class":80},[36,91424,145],{"class":50},[36,91426,60037],{"class":141},[36,91428,145],{"class":50},[36,91430,55],{"class":54},[36,91432,58],{"class":50},[36,91434,6044],{"class":54},[36,91436,58],{"class":50},[36,91438,61],{"class":54},[36,91440,2961],{"class":50},[14,91442,182],{},[26,91444,91445],{"className":28,"code":91244,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,91446,91447],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,91448,91449,91451,91453,91455,91457,91459,91461,91463,91465,91467,91469],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,91450,3941],{"class":50},[36,91452,55],{"class":54},[36,91454,58],{"class":50},[36,91456,66],{"class":54},[36,91458,58],{"class":50},[36,91460,4644],{"class":54},[36,91462,58],{"class":50},[36,91464,6033],{"class":54},[36,91466,58],{"class":50},[36,91468,54175],{"class":54},[36,91470,1355],{"class":50},[14,91472,91473,91474,91476,91477,61336,91479,303],{},"This moves by ",[33,91475,481],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[33,91478,55],{},[33,91480,2191],{},[376,91482,91484],{"id":91483},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[14,91486,91487,91488,91490],{},"A negative step makes ",[33,91489,517],{}," count backward.",[26,91492,91494],{"className":28,"code":91493,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[33,91495,91496],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,91497,91498,91500,91502,91504,91506,91508,91510,91512,91514,91516,91518,91520,91522],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,91499,142],{"class":141},[36,91501,145],{"class":50},[36,91503,1225],{"class":80},[36,91505,145],{"class":50},[36,91507,60037],{"class":141},[36,91509,145],{"class":50},[36,91511,2183],{"class":54},[36,91513,58],{"class":50},[36,91515,3875],{"class":54},[36,91517,58],{"class":50},[36,91519,2272],{"class":46},[36,91521,55],{"class":54},[36,91523,2961],{"class":50},[14,91525,182],{},[26,91527,91529],{"className":28,"code":91528,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[33,91530,91531],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,91532,91533,91535,91537,91539,91541,91543,91545,91547,91549,91551,91553],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,91534,3941],{"class":50},[36,91536,2183],{"class":54},[36,91538,58],{"class":50},[36,91540,559],{"class":54},[36,91542,58],{"class":50},[36,91544,66],{"class":54},[36,91546,58],{"class":50},[36,91548,61],{"class":54},[36,91550,58],{"class":50},[36,91552,1340],{"class":54},[36,91554,1355],{"class":50},[14,91556,91557],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[14,91559,91560],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[26,91562,91564],{"className":28,"code":91563,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[33,91565,91566],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,91567,91568,91570,91572,91574,91576,91578,91580,91582,91584,91586,91588,91590,91592],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,91569,142],{"class":141},[36,91571,145],{"class":50},[36,91573,1225],{"class":80},[36,91575,145],{"class":50},[36,91577,60037],{"class":141},[36,91579,145],{"class":50},[36,91581,55],{"class":54},[36,91583,58],{"class":50},[36,91585,4644],{"class":54},[36,91587,58],{"class":50},[36,91589,2272],{"class":46},[36,91591,55],{"class":54},[36,91593,2961],{"class":50},[14,91595,182],{},[26,91597,91598],{"className":28,"code":38333,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,91599,91600],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,91601,91602],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,91603,38333],{"class":50},[376,91605,91606,76623,91608],{"id":76847},[33,91607,75463],{},[33,91609,2166],{},[14,91611,2886],{},[26,91613,91615],{"className":28,"code":91614,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[33,91616,91617],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,91618,91619,91621,91623,91625,91627,91629,91631,91633],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,91620,60037],{"class":141},[36,91622,145],{"class":50},[36,91624,55],{"class":54},[36,91626,58],{"class":50},[36,91628,4644],{"class":54},[36,91630,58],{"class":50},[36,91632,3875],{"class":54},[36,91634,152],{"class":50},[14,91636,76892,91637,91639],{},[33,91638,40740],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[21,91641,1462,91643,91645,91646,91648],{"id":91642},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[33,91644,517],{}," in a ",[33,91647,5997],{}," loop",[14,91650,91651,91653],{},[33,91652,517],{}," is most useful when:",[246,91655,91656,91659,91662],{},[249,91657,91658],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[249,91660,91661],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[249,91663,91664,91665],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[33,91666,91667],{},"for i in range(n)",[14,91669,2257],{},[26,91671,91673],{"className":28,"code":91672,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[33,91674,91675,91691],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,91676,91677,91679,91681,91683,91685,91687,91689],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,91678,5997],{"class":3917},[36,91680,69584],{"class":42},[36,91682,3924],{"class":3917},[36,91684,54109],{"class":141},[36,91686,145],{"class":50},[36,91688,485],{"class":54},[36,91690,8378],{"class":50},[36,91692,91693,91695,91697,91699,91702,91704,91706,91708],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,91694,8105],{"class":141},[36,91696,145],{"class":50},[36,91698,88],{"class":87},[36,91700,91701],{"class":91},"Loop number:",[36,91703,88],{"class":87},[36,91705,58],{"class":50},[36,91707,36165],{"class":148},[36,91709,152],{"class":50},[14,91711,182],{},[26,91713,91715],{"className":28,"code":91714,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[33,91716,91717,91726,91734],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,91718,91719,91722,91724],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,91720,91721],{"class":42},"Loop number",[36,91723,1213],{"class":50},[36,91725,38549],{"class":54},[36,91727,91728,91730,91732],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,91729,91721],{"class":42},[36,91731,1213],{"class":50},[36,91733,29650],{"class":54},[36,91735,91736,91738,91740],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,91737,91721],{"class":42},[36,91739,1213],{"class":50},[36,91741,45627],{"class":54},[376,91743,91745],{"id":91744},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[26,91747,91749],{"className":28,"code":91748,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[33,91750,91751,91767],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,91752,91753,91755,91757,91759,91761,91763,91765],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,91754,5997],{"class":3917},[36,91756,69584],{"class":42},[36,91758,3924],{"class":3917},[36,91760,54109],{"class":141},[36,91762,145],{"class":50},[36,91764,2183],{"class":54},[36,91766,8378],{"class":50},[36,91768,91769,91771,91773,91775,91777,91779],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,91770,8105],{"class":141},[36,91772,145],{"class":50},[36,91774,88],{"class":87},[36,91776,34902],{"class":91},[36,91778,88],{"class":87},[36,91780,152],{"class":50},[14,91782,91783,91784,91786],{},"This prints ",[33,91785,90452],{}," five times.",[376,91788,91790],{"id":91789},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[26,91792,91794],{"className":28,"code":91793,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[33,91795,91796,91816],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,91797,91798,91800,91802,91804,91806,91808,91810,91812,91814],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,91799,5997],{"class":3917},[36,91801,69584],{"class":42},[36,91803,3924],{"class":3917},[36,91805,54109],{"class":141},[36,91807,145],{"class":50},[36,91809,55],{"class":54},[36,91811,58],{"class":50},[36,91813,559],{"class":54},[36,91815,8378],{"class":50},[36,91817,91818,91820,91822,91824,91827,91829,91831,91833],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,91819,8105],{"class":141},[36,91821,145],{"class":50},[36,91823,88],{"class":87},[36,91825,91826],{"class":91},"Current number is",[36,91828,88],{"class":87},[36,91830,58],{"class":50},[36,91832,36165],{"class":148},[36,91834,152],{"class":50},[14,91836,182],{},[26,91838,91840],{"className":28,"code":91839,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[33,91841,91842,91851,91859],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,91843,91844,91847,91849],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,91845,91846],{"class":42},"Current number ",[36,91848,12224],{"class":46},[36,91850,29650],{"class":54},[36,91852,91853,91855,91857],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,91854,91846],{"class":42},[36,91856,12224],{"class":46},[36,91858,45627],{"class":54},[36,91860,91861,91863,91865],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,91862,91846],{"class":42},[36,91864,12224],{"class":46},[36,91866,2627],{"class":54},[376,91868,91870,91872],{"id":91869},"range-and-indexing",[33,91871,517],{}," and indexing",[14,91874,91875],{},"You may see code like this:",[26,91877,91879],{"className":28,"code":91878,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[33,91880,91881,91913,91917,91937],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,91882,91883,91885,91887,91889,91891,91893,91895,91897,91899,91901,91903,91905,91907,91909,91911],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,91884,1328],{"class":42},[36,91886,47],{"class":46},[36,91888,1333],{"class":50},[36,91890,88],{"class":87},[36,91892,294],{"class":91},[36,91894,88],{"class":87},[36,91896,58],{"class":50},[36,91898,99],{"class":87},[36,91900,1707],{"class":91},[36,91902,88],{"class":87},[36,91904,58],{"class":50},[36,91906,99],{"class":87},[36,91908,9770],{"class":91},[36,91910,88],{"class":87},[36,91912,1355],{"class":50},[36,91914,91915],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,91916,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,91918,91919,91921,91923,91925,91927,91929,91931,91933,91935],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,91920,5997],{"class":3917},[36,91922,69584],{"class":42},[36,91924,3924],{"class":3917},[36,91926,54109],{"class":141},[36,91928,145],{"class":50},[36,91930,438],{"class":141},[36,91932,145],{"class":50},[36,91934,1369],{"class":148},[36,91936,69599],{"class":50},[36,91938,91939,91941,91943,91945,91947,91949,91951,91953],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,91940,8105],{"class":141},[36,91942,145],{"class":50},[36,91944,36189],{"class":148},[36,91946,58],{"class":50},[36,91948,6005],{"class":148},[36,91950,3941],{"class":50},[36,91952,36189],{"class":148},[36,91954,115],{"class":50},[14,91956,182],{},[26,91958,91959],{"className":28,"code":36201,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,91960,91961,91967,91973],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,91962,91963,91965],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,91964,2166],{"class":54},[36,91966,36210],{"class":42},[36,91968,91969,91971],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,91970,55],{"class":54},[36,91972,36217],{"class":42},[36,91974,91975,91977],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,91976,481],{"class":54},[36,91978,36224],{"class":42},[14,91980,91981,91982,91986],{},"This works, and it uses ",[294,91983,91984],{"href":42395},[33,91985,42398],{}," to get the number of items.",[14,91988,91989],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[26,91991,91993],{"className":28,"code":91992,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[33,91994,91995,92027,92031,92043],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,91996,91997,91999,92001,92003,92005,92007,92009,92011,92013,92015,92017,92019,92021,92023,92025],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,91998,1328],{"class":42},[36,92000,47],{"class":46},[36,92002,1333],{"class":50},[36,92004,88],{"class":87},[36,92006,294],{"class":91},[36,92008,88],{"class":87},[36,92010,58],{"class":50},[36,92012,99],{"class":87},[36,92014,1707],{"class":91},[36,92016,88],{"class":87},[36,92018,58],{"class":50},[36,92020,99],{"class":87},[36,92022,9770],{"class":91},[36,92024,88],{"class":87},[36,92026,1355],{"class":50},[36,92028,92029],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,92030,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,92032,92033,92035,92037,92039,92041],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,92034,5997],{"class":3917},[36,92036,6000],{"class":42},[36,92038,3924],{"class":3917},[36,92040,6005],{"class":42},[36,92042,6433],{"class":50},[36,92044,92045,92047,92049,92051],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,92046,8105],{"class":141},[36,92048,145],{"class":50},[36,92050,23343],{"class":148},[36,92052,152],{"class":50},[14,92054,36627,92055,92060],{},[294,92056,92058],{"href":92057},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[33,92059,35785],{}," is usually a better choice:",[26,92062,92064],{"className":28,"code":92063,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[33,92065,92066,92098,92102,92122],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,92067,92068,92070,92072,92074,92076,92078,92080,92082,92084,92086,92088,92090,92092,92094,92096],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,92069,1328],{"class":42},[36,92071,47],{"class":46},[36,92073,1333],{"class":50},[36,92075,88],{"class":87},[36,92077,294],{"class":91},[36,92079,88],{"class":87},[36,92081,58],{"class":50},[36,92083,99],{"class":87},[36,92085,1707],{"class":91},[36,92087,88],{"class":87},[36,92089,58],{"class":50},[36,92091,99],{"class":87},[36,92093,9770],{"class":91},[36,92095,88],{"class":87},[36,92097,1355],{"class":50},[36,92099,92100],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,92101,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,92103,92104,92106,92108,92110,92112,92114,92116,92118,92120],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,92105,5997],{"class":3917},[36,92107,35857],{"class":42},[36,92109,58],{"class":50},[36,92111,6000],{"class":42},[36,92113,3924],{"class":3917},[36,92115,35867],{"class":141},[36,92117,145],{"class":50},[36,92119,1369],{"class":148},[36,92121,8378],{"class":50},[36,92123,92124,92126,92128,92130,92132,92134],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,92125,8105],{"class":141},[36,92127,145],{"class":50},[36,92129,35882],{"class":148},[36,92131,58],{"class":50},[36,92133,29542],{"class":148},[36,92135,152],{"class":50},[14,92137,79152,92138,303],{},[294,92139,36640,92140,36643],{"href":36639},[33,92141,35785],{},[21,92143,92145,92146,92148],{"id":92144},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[33,92147,517],{}," to a list",[14,92150,92151,92153],{},[33,92152,517],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[14,92155,92156,92157,1213],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[33,92158,24814],{},[26,92160,92162],{"className":28,"code":92161,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[33,92163,92164],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,92165,92166,92168,92170,92172,92174,92176,92178,92180],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,92167,142],{"class":141},[36,92169,145],{"class":50},[36,92171,1225],{"class":80},[36,92173,145],{"class":50},[36,92175,60037],{"class":141},[36,92177,145],{"class":50},[36,92179,485],{"class":54},[36,92181,2961],{"class":50},[14,92183,182],{},[26,92185,92187],{"className":28,"code":92186,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[33,92188,92189],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,92190,92191,92193,92195,92197,92199,92201,92203],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,92192,3941],{"class":50},[36,92194,2166],{"class":54},[36,92196,58],{"class":50},[36,92198,1340],{"class":54},[36,92200,58],{"class":50},[36,92202,61],{"class":54},[36,92204,1355],{"class":50},[14,92206,33345],{},[246,92208,92209,92214,92217],{},[249,92210,92211,92212,42122],{},"learning how ",[33,92213,517],{},[249,92215,92216],{},"checking your values",[249,92218,92219],{},"debugging code",[14,92221,5512],{},[26,92223,92225],{"className":28,"code":92224,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[33,92226,92227,92241,92245,92255],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,92228,92229,92231,92233,92235,92237,92239],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,92230,43],{"class":42},[36,92232,47],{"class":46},[36,92234,54109],{"class":141},[36,92236,145],{"class":50},[36,92238,2554],{"class":54},[36,92240,152],{"class":50},[36,92242,92243],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,92244,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,92246,92247,92249,92251,92253],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,92248,142],{"class":141},[36,92250,145],{"class":50},[36,92252,149],{"class":148},[36,92254,152],{"class":50},[36,92256,92257,92259,92261,92263,92265,92267],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,92258,142],{"class":141},[36,92260,145],{"class":50},[36,92262,1225],{"class":80},[36,92264,145],{"class":50},[36,92266,149],{"class":148},[36,92268,445],{"class":50},[14,92270,182],{},[26,92272,92274],{"className":28,"code":92273,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[33,92275,92276,92290],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,92277,92278,92280,92282,92284,92286,92288],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,92279,60037],{"class":141},[36,92281,145],{"class":50},[36,92283,2166],{"class":54},[36,92285,58],{"class":50},[36,92287,559],{"class":54},[36,92289,152],{"class":50},[36,92291,92292,92294,92296,92298,92300,92302,92304,92306,92308],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,92293,3941],{"class":50},[36,92295,2166],{"class":54},[36,92297,58],{"class":50},[36,92299,1340],{"class":54},[36,92301,58],{"class":50},[36,92303,61],{"class":54},[36,92305,58],{"class":50},[36,92307,66],{"class":54},[36,92309,1355],{"class":50},[14,92311,92312,92313,10615,92315,92318],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[33,92314,60037],{},[33,92316,92317],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[21,92320,4557],{"id":4556},[14,92322,33574,92323,303],{},[33,92324,517],{},[376,92326,92328],{"id":92327},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[14,92330,92331],{},"Many beginners think this:",[26,92333,92335],{"className":28,"code":92334,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[33,92336,92337],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,92338,92339,92341,92343,92345,92347,92349,92351,92353,92355,92357],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,92340,142],{"class":141},[36,92342,145],{"class":50},[36,92344,1225],{"class":80},[36,92346,145],{"class":50},[36,92348,60037],{"class":141},[36,92350,145],{"class":50},[36,92352,55],{"class":54},[36,92354,58],{"class":50},[36,92356,4644],{"class":54},[36,92358,2961],{"class":50},[14,92360,92361],{},"will produce:",[26,92363,92365],{"className":28,"code":92364,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[33,92366,92367],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,92368,92369,92371,92373,92375,92377,92379,92381,92383,92385,92387,92389],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,92370,3941],{"class":50},[36,92372,55],{"class":54},[36,92374,58],{"class":50},[36,92376,61],{"class":54},[36,92378,58],{"class":50},[36,92380,66],{"class":54},[36,92382,58],{"class":50},[36,92384,559],{"class":54},[36,92386,58],{"class":50},[36,92388,4644],{"class":54},[36,92390,1355],{"class":50},[14,92392,92393],{},"But the real output is:",[26,92395,92396],{"className":28,"code":53544,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,92397,92398],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,92399,92400,92402,92404,92406,92408,92410,92412,92414,92416],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,92401,3941],{"class":50},[36,92403,55],{"class":54},[36,92405,58],{"class":50},[36,92407,61],{"class":54},[36,92409,58],{"class":50},[36,92411,66],{"class":54},[36,92413,58],{"class":50},[36,92415,559],{"class":54},[36,92417,1355],{"class":50},[14,92419,92420],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[376,92422,4618,92424,92426,92427],{"id":92423},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[33,92425,90888],{}," starts at ",[33,92428,55],{},[14,92430,37503,92431,18995,92433,303],{},[33,92432,2166],{},[33,92434,55],{},[26,92436,92437],{"className":28,"code":91081,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,92438,92439],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,92440,92441,92443,92445,92447,92449,92451,92453,92455],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,92442,142],{"class":141},[36,92444,145],{"class":50},[36,92446,1225],{"class":80},[36,92448,145],{"class":50},[36,92450,60037],{"class":141},[36,92452,145],{"class":50},[36,92454,2183],{"class":54},[36,92456,2961],{"class":50},[14,92458,182],{},[26,92460,92461],{"className":28,"code":60060,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,92462,92463],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,92464,92465,92467,92469,92471,92473,92475,92477,92479,92481,92483,92485],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,92466,3941],{"class":50},[36,92468,2166],{"class":54},[36,92470,58],{"class":50},[36,92472,1340],{"class":54},[36,92474,58],{"class":50},[36,92476,61],{"class":54},[36,92478,58],{"class":50},[36,92480,66],{"class":54},[36,92482,58],{"class":50},[36,92484,559],{"class":54},[36,92486,1355],{"class":50},[376,92488,92490],{"id":92489},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[14,92492,92493,92494,1213],{},"This often happens with ",[33,92495,3007],{},[26,92497,92499],{"className":28,"code":92498,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[33,92500,92501,92520,92524,92541],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,92502,92503,92506,92508,92510,92512,92514,92516,92518],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,92504,92505],{"class":42},"user_number ",[36,92507,47],{"class":46},[36,92509,8278],{"class":141},[36,92511,145],{"class":50},[36,92513,88],{"class":87},[36,92515,41908],{"class":91},[36,92517,88],{"class":87},[36,92519,152],{"class":50},[36,92521,92522],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,92523,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,92525,92526,92528,92530,92532,92534,92536,92539],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,92527,5997],{"class":3917},[36,92529,69584],{"class":42},[36,92531,3924],{"class":3917},[36,92533,54109],{"class":141},[36,92535,145],{"class":50},[36,92537,92538],{"class":148},"user_number",[36,92540,8378],{"class":50},[36,92542,92543,92545,92547,92549],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,92544,8105],{"class":141},[36,92546,145],{"class":50},[36,92548,36189],{"class":148},[36,92550,152],{"class":50},[14,92552,48548,92553,92555],{},[33,92554,3007],{}," returns a string.",[14,92557,10837],{},[26,92559,92561],{"className":28,"code":92560,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[33,92562,92563,92585,92589,92605],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,92564,92565,92567,92569,92571,92573,92575,92577,92579,92581,92583],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,92566,92505],{"class":42},[36,92568,47],{"class":46},[36,92570,45314],{"class":80},[36,92572,145],{"class":50},[36,92574,42500],{"class":141},[36,92576,145],{"class":50},[36,92578,88],{"class":87},[36,92580,41908],{"class":91},[36,92582,88],{"class":87},[36,92584,445],{"class":50},[36,92586,92587],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,92588,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,92590,92591,92593,92595,92597,92599,92601,92603],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,92592,5997],{"class":3917},[36,92594,69584],{"class":42},[36,92596,3924],{"class":3917},[36,92598,54109],{"class":141},[36,92600,145],{"class":50},[36,92602,92538],{"class":148},[36,92604,8378],{"class":50},[36,92606,92607,92609,92611,92613],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,92608,8105],{"class":141},[36,92610,145],{"class":50},[36,92612,36189],{"class":148},[36,92614,152],{"class":50},[14,92616,92617,92618,303],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[294,92619,50562,92620],{"href":50561},[33,92621,50565],{},[376,92623,92625,92626,92628,92629],{"id":92624},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[33,92627,36109],{}," smaller than ",[33,92630,75460],{},[14,92632,92633],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[26,92635,92636],{"className":28,"code":91563,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,92637,92638],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,92639,92640,92642,92644,92646,92648,92650,92652,92654,92656,92658,92660,92662,92664],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,92641,142],{"class":141},[36,92643,145],{"class":50},[36,92645,1225],{"class":80},[36,92647,145],{"class":50},[36,92649,60037],{"class":141},[36,92651,145],{"class":50},[36,92653,55],{"class":54},[36,92655,58],{"class":50},[36,92657,4644],{"class":54},[36,92659,58],{"class":50},[36,92661,2272],{"class":46},[36,92663,55],{"class":54},[36,92665,2961],{"class":50},[14,92667,182],{},[26,92669,92670],{"className":28,"code":38333,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,92671,92672],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,92673,92674],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,92675,38333],{"class":50},[14,92677,92678],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[376,92680,25650,92682],{"id":92681},"trying-to-use-step-0",[33,92683,92684],{},"step = 0",[14,92686,77603],{},[26,92688,92690],{"className":28,"code":92689,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[33,92691,92692],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,92693,92694,92696,92698,92700,92702,92704,92706,92708],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,92695,60037],{"class":141},[36,92697,145],{"class":50},[36,92699,55],{"class":54},[36,92701,58],{"class":50},[36,92703,6044],{"class":54},[36,92705,58],{"class":50},[36,92707,3875],{"class":54},[36,92709,152],{"class":50},[14,92711,92712],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[376,92714,4743,92716,92718],{"id":92715},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[33,92717,517],{}," is not a list",[14,92720,92721],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[26,92723,92725],{"className":28,"code":92724,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(range(5))\n",[33,92726,92727],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,92728,92729,92731,92733,92735,92737,92739],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,92730,142],{"class":141},[36,92732,145],{"class":50},[36,92734,60037],{"class":141},[36,92736,145],{"class":50},[36,92738,2183],{"class":54},[36,92740,445],{"class":50},[14,92742,182],{},[26,92744,92746],{"className":28,"code":92745,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"range(0, 5)\n",[33,92747,92748],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,92749,92750,92752,92754,92756,92758,92760],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,92751,60037],{"class":141},[36,92753,145],{"class":50},[36,92755,2166],{"class":54},[36,92757,58],{"class":50},[36,92759,4644],{"class":54},[36,92761,152],{"class":50},[14,92763,92764],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[26,92766,92767],{"className":28,"code":91081,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,92768,92769],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,92770,92771,92773,92775,92777,92779,92781,92783,92785],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,92772,142],{"class":141},[36,92774,145],{"class":50},[36,92776,1225],{"class":80},[36,92778,145],{"class":50},[36,92780,60037],{"class":141},[36,92782,145],{"class":50},[36,92784,2183],{"class":54},[36,92786,2961],{"class":50},[14,92788,182],{},[26,92790,92791],{"className":28,"code":60060,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,92792,92793],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,92794,92795,92797,92799,92801,92803,92805,92807,92809,92811,92813,92815],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,92796,3941],{"class":50},[36,92798,2166],{"class":54},[36,92800,58],{"class":50},[36,92802,1340],{"class":54},[36,92804,58],{"class":50},[36,92806,61],{"class":54},[36,92808,58],{"class":50},[36,92810,66],{"class":54},[36,92812,58],{"class":50},[36,92814,559],{"class":54},[36,92816,1355],{"class":50},[21,92818,1753],{"id":1752},[14,92820,8909,92821,82374],{},[33,92822,517],{},[26,92824,92826],{"className":28,"code":92825,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[33,92827,92828,92842,92860,92882,92910],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,92829,92830,92832,92834,92836,92838,92840],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,92831,142],{"class":141},[36,92833,145],{"class":50},[36,92835,60037],{"class":141},[36,92837,145],{"class":50},[36,92839,2183],{"class":54},[36,92841,445],{"class":50},[36,92843,92844,92846,92848,92850,92852,92854,92856,92858],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,92845,142],{"class":141},[36,92847,145],{"class":50},[36,92849,1225],{"class":80},[36,92851,145],{"class":50},[36,92853,60037],{"class":141},[36,92855,145],{"class":50},[36,92857,2183],{"class":54},[36,92859,2961],{"class":50},[36,92861,92862,92864,92866,92868,92870,92872,92874,92876,92878,92880],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,92863,142],{"class":141},[36,92865,145],{"class":50},[36,92867,1225],{"class":80},[36,92869,145],{"class":50},[36,92871,60037],{"class":141},[36,92873,145],{"class":50},[36,92875,481],{"class":54},[36,92877,58],{"class":50},[36,92879,6399],{"class":54},[36,92881,2961],{"class":50},[36,92883,92884,92886,92888,92890,92892,92894,92896,92898,92900,92902,92904,92906,92908],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,92885,142],{"class":141},[36,92887,145],{"class":50},[36,92889,1225],{"class":80},[36,92891,145],{"class":50},[36,92893,60037],{"class":141},[36,92895,145],{"class":50},[36,92897,631],{"class":54},[36,92899,58],{"class":50},[36,92901,3875],{"class":54},[36,92903,58],{"class":50},[36,92905,2272],{"class":46},[36,92907,481],{"class":54},[36,92909,2961],{"class":50},[36,92911,92912,92914,92916,92918,92920,92922,92924,92926],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,92913,142],{"class":141},[36,92915,145],{"class":50},[36,92917,818],{"class":80},[36,92919,145],{"class":50},[36,92921,60037],{"class":141},[36,92923,145],{"class":50},[36,92925,2183],{"class":54},[36,92927,2961],{"class":50},[14,92929,26042],{},[246,92931,92932,92935,92938],{},[249,92933,92934],{},"what values are being created",[249,92936,92937],{},"whether the direction is correct",[249,92939,92940,92941,24650],{},"whether you are working with a ",[33,92942,60037],{},[21,92944,1872],{"id":1871},[376,92946,12735,92948,92950],{"id":92947},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[33,92949,517],{}," include the last number?",[14,92952,92953],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[376,92955,5198,92957,92959,92960,2541],{"id":92956},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[33,92958,90888],{}," start at ",[33,92961,2166],{},[14,92963,92964,92965,303],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[33,92966,2166],{},[376,92968,5210,92970,92972],{"id":92969},"can-range-count-backward",[33,92971,517],{}," count backward?",[14,92974,92975,92976,303],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[33,92977,92978],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[376,92980,14936,92982,26077],{"id":92981},"is-range-a-list",[33,92983,517],{},[14,92985,26080,92986,92988,92989,23971],{},[33,92987,60037],{}," object. Use ",[33,92990,92991],{},"list(range(...))",[376,92993,5198,92995,48722],{"id":92994},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[33,92996,92997],{},"range(input())",[14,92999,93000,3529,93002,303],{},[33,93001,3007],{},[33,93003,93004],{},"int(input())",[21,93006,1923],{"id":1922},[246,93008,93009,93013,93019,93025,93031],{},[249,93010,93011],{},[294,93012,36065],{"href":36064},[249,93014,93015],{},[294,93016,1935,93017,3554],{"href":42395},[33,93018,42398],{},[249,93020,93021],{},[294,93022,1935,93023,3554],{"href":92057},[33,93024,35785],{},[249,93026,93027],{},[294,93028,37554,93029,36643],{"href":36639},[33,93030,35785],{},[249,93032,93033],{},[294,93034,50562,93035],{"href":50561},[33,93036,50565],{},[1962,93038,93039],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":93041},[93042,93043,93045,93051,93059,93066,93068,93080,93081,93093],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":90897,"depth":72,"text":93044},"What range() does",{"id":90990,"depth":72,"text":93046,"children":93047},"range() syntax",[93048,93049,93050],{"id":91070,"depth":118,"text":91073},{"id":91134,"depth":118,"text":91137},{"id":91202,"depth":118,"text":91205},{"id":91273,"depth":72,"text":91274,"children":93052},[93053,93054,93055,93056,93057],{"id":91280,"depth":118,"text":90888},{"id":91343,"depth":118,"text":91346},{"id":91407,"depth":118,"text":91410},{"id":91483,"depth":118,"text":91484},{"id":76847,"depth":118,"text":93058},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91642,"depth":72,"text":93060,"children":93061},"Using range() in a for loop",[93062,93063,93064],{"id":91744,"depth":118,"text":91745},{"id":91789,"depth":118,"text":91790},{"id":91869,"depth":118,"text":93065},"range() and indexing",{"id":92144,"depth":72,"text":93067},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4556,"depth":72,"text":4557,"children":93069},[93070,93071,93073,93074,93076,93078],{"id":92327,"depth":118,"text":92328},{"id":92423,"depth":118,"text":93072},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92489,"depth":118,"text":92490},{"id":92624,"depth":118,"text":93075},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92681,"depth":118,"text":93077},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92715,"depth":118,"text":93079},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":1752,"depth":72,"text":1753},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":93082},[93083,93085,93087,93089,93091],{"id":92947,"depth":118,"text":93084},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92956,"depth":118,"text":93086},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92969,"depth":118,"text":93088},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92981,"depth":118,"text":93090},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92994,"depth":118,"text":93092},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90791,"description":93094},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93101,"title":93102,"body":93103,"description":94776,"extension":2009,"meta":94777,"navigation":134,"path":94778,"seo":94779,"stem":94780,"__hash__":94781},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93104,"toc":94749},[93105,93114,93121,93138,93154,93156,93205,93213,93217,93220,93240,93242,93306,93308,93351,93354,93400,93402,93435,93445,93451,93459,93476,93478,93509,93511,93536,93541,93552,93555,93625,93627,93658,93663,93668,93685,93687,93738,93740,93773,93776,93783,93788,93792,93808,93810,93854,93856,93902,93905,93918,93923,93927,93941,93943,93994,93996,94029,94034,94036,94043,94045,94068,94070,94135,94137,94154,94157,94190,94192,94220,94230,94237,94241,94244,94262,94265,94293,94296,94314,94319,94325,94328,94350,94352,94380,94382,94385,94410,94413,94526,94528,94607,94609,94615,94620,94628,94636,94640,94643,94645,94678,94680,94688,94694,94701,94708,94711,94713,94746],[10,93106,1935,93108,10615,93110,93113],{"id":93107},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[33,93109,517],{},[33,93111,93112],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[14,93115,93116,482,93118,93120],{},[33,93117,517],{},[33,93119,93112],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[246,93122,93123,93131],{},[249,93124,93125,93127,93128],{},[33,93126,517],{}," creates a ",[180,93129,93130],{},"range object",[249,93132,93133,93127,93135],{},[33,93134,93112],{},[180,93136,93137],{},"real list",[14,93139,93140,93141,93143,93144,93147,93148,93150,93151,93153],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[33,93142,90888],{}," to behave exactly like ",[33,93145,93146],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[33,93149,517],{}," for looping, and only use ",[33,93152,93112],{}," when you actually need a list.",[21,93155,24],{"id":23},[26,93157,93159],{"className":28,"code":93158,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[33,93160,93161,93175,93188],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,93162,93163,93165,93167,93169,93171,93173],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,93164,43],{"class":42},[36,93166,47],{"class":46},[36,93168,54109],{"class":141},[36,93170,145],{"class":50},[36,93172,2183],{"class":54},[36,93174,152],{"class":50},[36,93176,93177,93179,93181,93183,93185],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,93178,142],{"class":141},[36,93180,145],{"class":50},[36,93182,149],{"class":148},[36,93184,3703],{"class":50},[36,93186,93187],{"class":1617},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[36,93189,93190,93192,93194,93196,93198,93200,93202],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,93191,142],{"class":141},[36,93193,145],{"class":50},[36,93195,1225],{"class":80},[36,93197,145],{"class":50},[36,93199,149],{"class":148},[36,93201,5402],{"class":50},[36,93203,93204],{"class":1617},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,93206,495,93207,93209,93210,93212],{},[33,93208,517],{}," for looping. Use ",[33,93211,93112],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[21,93214,93216],{"id":93215},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[14,93218,93219],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[246,93221,93222,93229,93234,93237],{},[249,93223,93224,22007,93226,93228],{},[33,93225,517],{},[180,93227,93130],{},", not a list",[249,93230,93231,93233],{},[33,93232,93112],{}," converts that range object into a list",[249,93235,93236],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[249,93238,93239],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[14,93241,2257],{},[26,93243,93245],{"className":28,"code":93244,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[33,93246,93247,93262,93281,93285,93295],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,93248,93249,93252,93254,93256,93258,93260],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,93250,93251],{"class":42},"r ",[36,93253,47],{"class":46},[36,93255,54109],{"class":141},[36,93257,145],{"class":50},[36,93259,2183],{"class":54},[36,93261,152],{"class":50},[36,93263,93264,93267,93269,93271,93273,93275,93277,93279],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,93265,93266],{"class":42},"lst ",[36,93268,47],{"class":46},[36,93270,22592],{"class":80},[36,93272,145],{"class":50},[36,93274,60037],{"class":141},[36,93276,145],{"class":50},[36,93278,2183],{"class":54},[36,93280,445],{"class":50},[36,93282,93283],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,93284,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,93286,93287,93289,93291,93293],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,93288,142],{"class":141},[36,93290,145],{"class":50},[36,93292,60540],{"class":148},[36,93294,152],{"class":50},[36,93296,93297,93299,93301,93304],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,93298,142],{"class":141},[36,93300,145],{"class":50},[36,93302,93303],{"class":148},"lst",[36,93305,152],{"class":50},[14,93307,182],{},[26,93309,93311],{"className":28,"code":93310,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[33,93312,93313,93327],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,93314,93315,93317,93319,93321,93323,93325],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,93316,60037],{"class":141},[36,93318,145],{"class":50},[36,93320,2166],{"class":54},[36,93322,58],{"class":50},[36,93324,4644],{"class":54},[36,93326,152],{"class":50},[36,93328,93329,93331,93333,93335,93337,93339,93341,93343,93345,93347,93349],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,93330,3941],{"class":50},[36,93332,2166],{"class":54},[36,93334,58],{"class":50},[36,93336,1340],{"class":54},[36,93338,58],{"class":50},[36,93340,61],{"class":54},[36,93342,58],{"class":50},[36,93344,66],{"class":54},[36,93346,58],{"class":50},[36,93348,559],{"class":54},[36,93350,1355],{"class":50},[14,93352,93353],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[26,93355,93357],{"className":28,"code":93356,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[33,93358,93359,93377],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,93360,93361,93363,93365,93367,93369,93371,93373,93375],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,93362,142],{"class":141},[36,93364,145],{"class":50},[36,93366,818],{"class":80},[36,93368,145],{"class":50},[36,93370,60037],{"class":141},[36,93372,145],{"class":50},[36,93374,2183],{"class":54},[36,93376,2961],{"class":50},[36,93378,93379,93381,93383,93385,93387,93389,93391,93393,93395,93397],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,93380,142],{"class":141},[36,93382,145],{"class":50},[36,93384,818],{"class":80},[36,93386,145],{"class":50},[36,93388,1225],{"class":80},[36,93390,145],{"class":50},[36,93392,60037],{"class":141},[36,93394,145],{"class":50},[36,93396,2183],{"class":54},[36,93398,93399],{"class":50},"))))\n",[14,93401,182],{},[26,93403,93405],{"className":28,"code":93404,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[33,93406,93407,93421],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,93408,93409,93411,93413,93415,93417,93419],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,93410,844],{"class":46},[36,93412,848],{"class":847},[36,93414,220],{"class":87},[36,93416,60037],{"class":91},[36,93418,211],{"class":87},[36,93420,857],{"class":46},[36,93422,93423,93425,93427,93429,93431,93433],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,93424,844],{"class":46},[36,93426,848],{"class":847},[36,93428,220],{"class":87},[36,93430,1225],{"class":91},[36,93432,211],{"class":87},[36,93434,857],{"class":46},[14,93436,93437,93438,93440,93441,303],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[33,93439,517],{}," works, see ",[294,93442,1935,93443,3554],{"href":93096},[33,93444,517],{},[21,93446,3720,93448,93450],{"id":93447},"what-range-gives-you",[33,93449,517],{}," gives you",[14,93452,93453,93455,93456,93458],{},[33,93454,517],{}," is most often used in ",[33,93457,5997],{}," loops.",[246,93460,93461,93464,93467,93470],{},[249,93462,93463],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[249,93465,93466],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[249,93468,93469],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[249,93471,93472,93473],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[33,93474,93475],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[14,93477,2257],{},[26,93479,93481],{"className":28,"code":93480,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[33,93482,93483,93499],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,93484,93485,93487,93489,93491,93493,93495,93497],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,93486,5997],{"class":3917},[36,93488,69584],{"class":42},[36,93490,3924],{"class":3917},[36,93492,54109],{"class":141},[36,93494,145],{"class":50},[36,93496,2183],{"class":54},[36,93498,8378],{"class":50},[36,93500,93501,93503,93505,93507],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,93502,8105],{"class":141},[36,93504,145],{"class":50},[36,93506,36189],{"class":148},[36,93508,152],{"class":50},[14,93510,182],{},[26,93512,93514],{"className":28,"code":93513,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[33,93515,93516,93520,93524,93528,93532],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,93517,93518],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,93519,47289],{"class":54},[36,93521,93522],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,93523,46954],{"class":54},[36,93525,93526],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,93527,17086],{"class":54},[36,93529,93530],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,93531,475],{"class":54},[36,93533,93534],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,93535,48688],{"class":54},[14,93537,20803,93538,93540],{},[33,93539,90888],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[14,93542,93543,93544,93546,93547,303],{},"This is one reason ",[33,93545,517],{}," is so common with ",[294,93548,1935,93550,90919],{"href":93549},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[33,93551,5997],{},[14,93553,93554],{},"You can also inspect it:",[26,93556,93558],{"className":28,"code":93557,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[33,93559,93560,93582,93586,93596,93610],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,93561,93562,93564,93566,93568,93570,93572,93574,93576,93578,93580],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,93563,93251],{"class":42},[36,93565,47],{"class":46},[36,93567,54109],{"class":141},[36,93569,145],{"class":50},[36,93571,481],{"class":54},[36,93573,58],{"class":50},[36,93575,6044],{"class":54},[36,93577,58],{"class":50},[36,93579,61],{"class":54},[36,93581,152],{"class":50},[36,93583,93584],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,93585,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,93587,93588,93590,93592,93594],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,93589,142],{"class":141},[36,93591,145],{"class":50},[36,93593,60540],{"class":148},[36,93595,152],{"class":50},[36,93597,93598,93600,93602,93604,93606,93608],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,93599,142],{"class":141},[36,93601,145],{"class":50},[36,93603,438],{"class":141},[36,93605,145],{"class":50},[36,93607,60540],{"class":148},[36,93609,445],{"class":50},[36,93611,93612,93614,93616,93618,93620,93623],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,93613,142],{"class":141},[36,93615,145],{"class":50},[36,93617,80628],{"class":54},[36,93619,21205],{"class":3917},[36,93621,93622],{"class":148}," r",[36,93624,152],{"class":50},[14,93626,182],{},[26,93628,93630],{"className":28,"code":93629,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[33,93631,93632,93650,93654],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,93633,93634,93636,93638,93640,93642,93644,93646,93648],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,93635,60037],{"class":141},[36,93637,145],{"class":50},[36,93639,481],{"class":54},[36,93641,58],{"class":50},[36,93643,6044],{"class":54},[36,93645,58],{"class":50},[36,93647,61],{"class":54},[36,93649,152],{"class":50},[36,93651,93652],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,93653,48688],{"class":54},[36,93655,93656],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,93657,4020],{"class":1143},[21,93659,3720,93661,93450],{"id":93660},"what-listrange-gives-you",[33,93662,93112],{},[14,93664,93665,93667],{},[33,93666,93112],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[246,93669,93670,93673,93676,93679],{},[249,93671,93672],{},"It creates all values at once",[249,93674,93675],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[249,93677,93678],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[249,93680,93681,93682,93684],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[33,93683,517],{}," for very large sequences",[14,93686,2257],{},[26,93688,93690],{"className":28,"code":93689,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[33,93691,93692,93710,93714,93724],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,93693,93694,93696,93698,93700,93702,93704,93706,93708],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,93695,43],{"class":42},[36,93697,47],{"class":46},[36,93699,22592],{"class":80},[36,93701,145],{"class":50},[36,93703,60037],{"class":141},[36,93705,145],{"class":50},[36,93707,2183],{"class":54},[36,93709,445],{"class":50},[36,93711,93712],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,93713,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,93715,93716,93718,93720,93722],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,93717,142],{"class":141},[36,93719,145],{"class":50},[36,93721,149],{"class":148},[36,93723,152],{"class":50},[36,93725,93726,93728,93730,93732,93734,93736],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,93727,142],{"class":141},[36,93729,145],{"class":50},[36,93731,149],{"class":148},[36,93733,3941],{"class":50},[36,93735,481],{"class":54},[36,93737,115],{"class":50},[14,93739,182],{},[26,93741,93743],{"className":28,"code":93742,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[33,93744,93745,93769],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,93746,93747,93749,93751,93753,93755,93757,93759,93761,93763,93765,93767],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,93748,3941],{"class":50},[36,93750,2166],{"class":54},[36,93752,58],{"class":50},[36,93754,1340],{"class":54},[36,93756,58],{"class":50},[36,93758,61],{"class":54},[36,93760,58],{"class":50},[36,93762,66],{"class":54},[36,93764,58],{"class":50},[36,93766,559],{"class":54},[36,93768,1355],{"class":50},[36,93770,93771],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,93772,17086],{"class":54},[14,93774,93775],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[14,93777,93778,93779,303],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[294,93780,1935,93781,3554],{"href":64883},[33,93782,24814],{},[21,93784,5000,93786],{"id":93785},"when-to-use-range",[33,93787,517],{},[14,93789,495,93790,10631],{},[33,93791,517],{},[246,93793,93794,93799,93802,93805],{},[249,93795,93796,93797,91648],{},"You are writing a ",[33,93798,5997],{},[249,93800,93801],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[249,93803,93804],{},"You are working with large sequences",[249,93806,93807],{},"You do not need a real list",[14,93809,2257],{},[26,93811,93813],{"className":28,"code":93812,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[33,93814,93815,93835],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,93816,93817,93819,93821,93823,93825,93827,93829,93831,93833],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,93818,5997],{"class":3917},[36,93820,69584],{"class":42},[36,93822,3924],{"class":3917},[36,93824,54109],{"class":141},[36,93826,145],{"class":50},[36,93828,55],{"class":54},[36,93830,58],{"class":50},[36,93832,37679],{"class":54},[36,93834,8378],{"class":50},[36,93836,93837,93839,93841,93843,93846,93848,93850,93852],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,93838,8105],{"class":141},[36,93840,145],{"class":50},[36,93842,88],{"class":87},[36,93844,93845],{"class":91},"Count:",[36,93847,88],{"class":87},[36,93849,58],{"class":50},[36,93851,36165],{"class":148},[36,93853,152],{"class":50},[14,93855,182],{},[26,93857,93859],{"className":28,"code":93858,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[33,93860,93861,93870,93878,93886,93894],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,93862,93863,93866,93868],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,93864,93865],{"class":42},"Count",[36,93867,1213],{"class":50},[36,93869,29650],{"class":54},[36,93871,93872,93874,93876],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,93873,93865],{"class":42},[36,93875,1213],{"class":50},[36,93877,45627],{"class":54},[36,93879,93880,93882,93884],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,93881,93865],{"class":42},[36,93883,1213],{"class":50},[36,93885,2627],{"class":54},[36,93887,93888,93890,93892],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,93889,93865],{"class":42},[36,93891,1213],{"class":50},[36,93893,23696],{"class":54},[36,93895,93896,93898,93900],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,93897,93865],{"class":42},[36,93899,1213],{"class":50},[36,93901,34877],{"class":54},[14,93903,93904],{},"This is the most common use.",[14,93906,93907,93908,93910,93911,62323,93913,303],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[33,93909,35785],{}," is often a better choice than ",[33,93912,36633],{},[294,93914,36640,93916,36643],{"href":93915},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[33,93917,35785],{},[21,93919,5000,93921],{"id":93920},"when-to-use-listrange",[33,93922,93112],{},[14,93924,495,93925,10631],{},[33,93926,93112],{},[246,93928,93929,93932,93935,93938],{},[249,93930,93931],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[249,93933,93934],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[249,93936,93937],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[249,93939,93940],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[14,93942,2257],{},[26,93944,93946],{"className":28,"code":93945,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,93947,93948,93966,93980,93984],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,93949,93950,93952,93954,93956,93958,93960,93962,93964],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,93951,43],{"class":42},[36,93953,47],{"class":46},[36,93955,22592],{"class":80},[36,93957,145],{"class":50},[36,93959,60037],{"class":141},[36,93961,145],{"class":50},[36,93963,2183],{"class":54},[36,93965,445],{"class":50},[36,93967,93968,93970,93972,93974,93976,93978],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,93969,149],{"class":42},[36,93971,303],{"class":50},[36,93973,13586],{"class":148},[36,93975,145],{"class":50},[36,93977,2183],{"class":54},[36,93979,152],{"class":50},[36,93981,93982],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,93983,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,93985,93986,93988,93990,93992],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,93987,142],{"class":141},[36,93989,145],{"class":50},[36,93991,149],{"class":148},[36,93993,152],{"class":50},[14,93995,182],{},[26,93997,93999],{"className":28,"code":93998,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[33,94000,94001],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,94002,94003,94005,94007,94009,94011,94013,94015,94017,94019,94021,94023,94025,94027],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,94004,3941],{"class":50},[36,94006,2166],{"class":54},[36,94008,58],{"class":50},[36,94010,1340],{"class":54},[36,94012,58],{"class":50},[36,94014,61],{"class":54},[36,94016,58],{"class":50},[36,94018,66],{"class":54},[36,94020,58],{"class":50},[36,94022,559],{"class":54},[36,94024,58],{"class":50},[36,94026,4644],{"class":54},[36,94028,1355],{"class":50},[14,94030,6100,94031,94033],{},[33,94032,149],{}," is a list.",[21,94035,15628],{"id":15627},[14,94037,94038,94040,94041,303],{},[33,94039,517],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[180,94042,37633],{},[14,94044,2153],{},[246,94046,94047,94049,94054,94059,94062],{},[249,94048,22017],{},[249,94050,94051,94052],{},"You can check its length with ",[33,94053,42398],{},[249,94055,94056,94057],{},"You can test membership with ",[33,94058,3924],{},[249,94060,94061],{},"You can index it",[249,94063,94064,94065,94067],{},"But list methods such as ",[33,94066,52691],{}," do not work on it",[14,94069,2257],{},[26,94071,94073],{"className":28,"code":94072,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[33,94074,94075,94089,94093,94107,94121],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,94076,94077,94079,94081,94083,94085,94087],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,94078,93251],{"class":42},[36,94080,47],{"class":46},[36,94082,54109],{"class":141},[36,94084,145],{"class":50},[36,94086,2183],{"class":54},[36,94088,152],{"class":50},[36,94090,94091],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,94092,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,94094,94095,94097,94099,94101,94103,94105],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,94096,142],{"class":141},[36,94098,145],{"class":50},[36,94100,60540],{"class":148},[36,94102,3941],{"class":50},[36,94104,481],{"class":54},[36,94106,115],{"class":50},[36,94108,94109,94111,94113,94115,94117,94119],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,94110,142],{"class":141},[36,94112,145],{"class":50},[36,94114,438],{"class":141},[36,94116,145],{"class":50},[36,94118,60540],{"class":148},[36,94120,445],{"class":50},[36,94122,94123,94125,94127,94129,94131,94133],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,94124,142],{"class":141},[36,94126,145],{"class":50},[36,94128,485],{"class":54},[36,94130,21205],{"class":3917},[36,94132,93622],{"class":148},[36,94134,152],{"class":50},[14,94136,182],{},[26,94138,94140],{"className":28,"code":94139,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[33,94141,94142,94146,94150],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,94143,94144],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,94145,17086],{"class":54},[36,94147,94148],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,94149,2996],{"class":54},[36,94151,94152],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,94153,4020],{"class":1143},[14,94155,94156],{},"Now compare that with this:",[26,94158,94160],{"className":28,"code":94159,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[33,94161,94162,94176],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,94163,94164,94166,94168,94170,94172,94174],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,94165,93251],{"class":42},[36,94167,47],{"class":46},[36,94169,54109],{"class":141},[36,94171,145],{"class":50},[36,94173,2183],{"class":54},[36,94175,152],{"class":50},[36,94177,94178,94180,94182,94184,94186,94188],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,94179,60540],{"class":42},[36,94181,303],{"class":50},[36,94183,13586],{"class":148},[36,94185,145],{"class":50},[36,94187,2183],{"class":54},[36,94189,152],{"class":50},[14,94191,182],{},[26,94193,94195],{"className":28,"code":94194,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[33,94196,94197],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,94198,94199,94201,94203,94205,94207,94209,94211,94214,94216,94218],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,94200,25705],{"class":80},[36,94202,1213],{"class":50},[36,94204,220],{"class":87},[36,94206,60037],{"class":91},[36,94208,211],{"class":87},[36,94210,24650],{"class":80},[36,94212,94213],{"class":42}," has no attribute ",[36,94215,211],{"class":87},[36,94217,13586],{"class":91},[36,94219,1228],{"class":87},[14,94221,94222,94223,2238,94225,2242,94227,94229],{},"If you need methods like ",[33,94224,52691],{},[33,94226,55568],{},[33,94228,64347],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[14,94231,94232,94233,303],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[294,94234,25713,94235],{"href":35455},[33,94236,34289],{},[21,94238,94240],{"id":94239},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[14,94242,94243],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[26,94245,94246],{"className":28,"code":92724,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,94247,94248],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,94249,94250,94252,94254,94256,94258,94260],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,94251,142],{"class":141},[36,94253,145],{"class":50},[36,94255,60037],{"class":141},[36,94257,145],{"class":50},[36,94259,2183],{"class":54},[36,94261,445],{"class":50},[14,94263,94264],{},"to show:",[26,94266,94267],{"className":28,"code":60060,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,94268,94269],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,94270,94271,94273,94275,94277,94279,94281,94283,94285,94287,94289,94291],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,94272,3941],{"class":50},[36,94274,2166],{"class":54},[36,94276,58],{"class":50},[36,94278,1340],{"class":54},[36,94280,58],{"class":50},[36,94282,61],{"class":54},[36,94284,58],{"class":50},[36,94286,66],{"class":54},[36,94288,58],{"class":50},[36,94290,559],{"class":54},[36,94292,1355],{"class":50},[14,94294,94295],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[26,94297,94298],{"className":28,"code":92745,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,94299,94300],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,94301,94302,94304,94306,94308,94310,94312],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,94303,60037],{"class":141},[36,94305,145],{"class":50},[36,94307,2166],{"class":54},[36,94309,58],{"class":50},[36,94311,4644],{"class":54},[36,94313,152],{"class":50},[14,94315,4667,94316,94318],{},[180,94317,870],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[14,94320,94321,94322,94324],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[180,94323,93130],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[14,94326,94327],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[26,94329,94330],{"className":28,"code":91081,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,94331,94332],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,94333,94334,94336,94338,94340,94342,94344,94346,94348],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,94335,142],{"class":141},[36,94337,145],{"class":50},[36,94339,1225],{"class":80},[36,94341,145],{"class":50},[36,94343,60037],{"class":141},[36,94345,145],{"class":50},[36,94347,2183],{"class":54},[36,94349,2961],{"class":50},[14,94351,182],{},[26,94353,94354],{"className":28,"code":60060,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,94355,94356],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,94357,94358,94360,94362,94364,94366,94368,94370,94372,94374,94376,94378],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,94359,3941],{"class":50},[36,94361,2166],{"class":54},[36,94363,58],{"class":50},[36,94365,1340],{"class":54},[36,94367,58],{"class":50},[36,94369,61],{"class":54},[36,94371,58],{"class":50},[36,94373,66],{"class":54},[36,94375,58],{"class":50},[36,94377,559],{"class":54},[36,94379,1355],{"class":50},[21,94381,1455],{"id":1454},[14,94383,94384],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[246,94386,94387,94393,94396,94402],{},[249,94388,1462,94389,94392],{},[33,94390,94391],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[249,94394,94395],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[249,94397,94398,94399,94401],{},"Not realizing that ",[33,94400,517],{}," is iterable but not a list",[249,94403,1462,94404,94406,94407,94409],{},[33,94405,93112],{}," when plain ",[33,94408,517],{}," would be simpler",[14,94411,94412],{},"These quick checks can help:",[26,94414,94416],{"className":28,"code":94415,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[33,94417,94418,94432,94450,94468,94490,94508],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,94419,94420,94422,94424,94426,94428,94430],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,94421,142],{"class":141},[36,94423,145],{"class":50},[36,94425,60037],{"class":141},[36,94427,145],{"class":50},[36,94429,2183],{"class":54},[36,94431,445],{"class":50},[36,94433,94434,94436,94438,94440,94442,94444,94446,94448],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,94435,142],{"class":141},[36,94437,145],{"class":50},[36,94439,1225],{"class":80},[36,94441,145],{"class":50},[36,94443,60037],{"class":141},[36,94445,145],{"class":50},[36,94447,2183],{"class":54},[36,94449,2961],{"class":50},[36,94451,94452,94454,94456,94458,94460,94462,94464,94466],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,94453,142],{"class":141},[36,94455,145],{"class":50},[36,94457,818],{"class":80},[36,94459,145],{"class":50},[36,94461,60037],{"class":141},[36,94463,145],{"class":50},[36,94465,2183],{"class":54},[36,94467,2961],{"class":50},[36,94469,94470,94472,94474,94476,94478,94480,94482,94484,94486,94488],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,94471,142],{"class":141},[36,94473,145],{"class":50},[36,94475,818],{"class":80},[36,94477,145],{"class":50},[36,94479,1225],{"class":80},[36,94481,145],{"class":50},[36,94483,60037],{"class":141},[36,94485,145],{"class":50},[36,94487,2183],{"class":54},[36,94489,93399],{"class":50},[36,94491,94492,94494,94496,94498,94500,94502,94504,94506],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,94493,142],{"class":141},[36,94495,145],{"class":50},[36,94497,485],{"class":54},[36,94499,21205],{"class":3917},[36,94501,54109],{"class":141},[36,94503,145],{"class":50},[36,94505,2183],{"class":54},[36,94507,445],{"class":50},[36,94509,94510,94512,94514,94516,94518,94520,94522,94524],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,94511,142],{"class":141},[36,94513,145],{"class":50},[36,94515,438],{"class":141},[36,94517,145],{"class":50},[36,94519,60037],{"class":141},[36,94521,145],{"class":50},[36,94523,2183],{"class":54},[36,94525,2961],{"class":50},[14,94527,182],{},[26,94529,94531],{"className":28,"code":94530,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[33,94532,94533,94547,94571,94585,94599,94603],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,94534,94535,94537,94539,94541,94543,94545],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,94536,60037],{"class":141},[36,94538,145],{"class":50},[36,94540,2166],{"class":54},[36,94542,58],{"class":50},[36,94544,4644],{"class":54},[36,94546,152],{"class":50},[36,94548,94549,94551,94553,94555,94557,94559,94561,94563,94565,94567,94569],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,94550,3941],{"class":50},[36,94552,2166],{"class":54},[36,94554,58],{"class":50},[36,94556,1340],{"class":54},[36,94558,58],{"class":50},[36,94560,61],{"class":54},[36,94562,58],{"class":50},[36,94564,66],{"class":54},[36,94566,58],{"class":50},[36,94568,559],{"class":54},[36,94570,1355],{"class":50},[36,94572,94573,94575,94577,94579,94581,94583],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,94574,844],{"class":46},[36,94576,848],{"class":847},[36,94578,220],{"class":87},[36,94580,60037],{"class":91},[36,94582,211],{"class":87},[36,94584,857],{"class":46},[36,94586,94587,94589,94591,94593,94595,94597],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,94588,844],{"class":46},[36,94590,848],{"class":847},[36,94592,220],{"class":87},[36,94594,1225],{"class":91},[36,94596,211],{"class":87},[36,94598,857],{"class":46},[36,94600,94601],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,94602,4020],{"class":1143},[36,94604,94605],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,94606,2996],{"class":54},[21,94608,1872],{"id":1871},[376,94610,14936,94612,94614],{"id":94611},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[33,94613,517],{}," a list in Python?",[14,94616,46403,94617,94619],{},[33,94618,517],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[376,94621,94623,94624,11122,94626,2541],{"id":94622},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[33,94625,517],{},[33,94627,93112],{},[14,94629,94630,94632,94633,94635],{},[33,94631,517],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[33,94634,93112],{}," creates a full list.",[376,94637,94639],{"id":94638},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[14,94641,94642],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[14,94644,2257],{},[26,94646,94648],{"className":28,"code":94647,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[33,94649,94650,94664],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,94651,94652,94654,94656,94658,94660,94662],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,94653,93251],{"class":42},[36,94655,47],{"class":46},[36,94657,54109],{"class":141},[36,94659,145],{"class":50},[36,94661,2183],{"class":54},[36,94663,152],{"class":50},[36,94665,94666,94668,94670,94672,94674,94676],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,94667,142],{"class":141},[36,94669,145],{"class":50},[36,94671,60540],{"class":148},[36,94673,3941],{"class":50},[36,94675,55],{"class":54},[36,94677,115],{"class":50},[14,94679,182],{},[26,94681,94682],{"className":28,"code":46954,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,94683,94684],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,94685,94686],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,94687,46954],{"class":54},[376,94689,5198,94691,94693],{"id":94690},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[33,94692,94391],{}," not show all numbers?",[14,94695,94696,94697,94700],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[33,94698,94699],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[376,94702,94704,94705,94707],{"id":94703},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[33,94706,517],{}," to a list?",[14,94709,94710],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[21,94712,1923],{"id":1922},[246,94714,94715,94721,94727,94734,94740],{},[249,94716,94717],{},[294,94718,1935,94719,3554],{"href":93096},[33,94720,517],{},[249,94722,94723],{},[294,94724,1935,94725,3554],{"href":64883},[33,94726,24814],{},[249,94728,94729],{},[294,94730,1935,94731,94733],{"href":93549},[33,94732,5997],{}," loops explained",[249,94735,94736],{},[294,94737,37554,94738,36643],{"href":93915},[33,94739,35785],{},[249,94741,94742],{},[294,94743,26156,94744],{"href":35455},[33,94745,34289],{},[1962,94747,94748],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":94750},[94751,94752,94753,94755,94757,94759,94761,94762,94763,94764,94775],{"id":23,"depth":72,"text":24},{"id":93215,"depth":72,"text":93216},{"id":93447,"depth":72,"text":94754},"What range() gives you",{"id":93660,"depth":72,"text":94756},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93785,"depth":72,"text":94758},"When to use range()",{"id":93920,"depth":72,"text":94760},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15627,"depth":72,"text":15628},{"id":94239,"depth":72,"text":94240},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":94765},[94766,94768,94770,94771,94773],{"id":94611,"depth":118,"text":94767},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94622,"depth":118,"text":94769},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94638,"depth":118,"text":94639},{"id":94690,"depth":118,"text":94772},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94703,"depth":118,"text":94774},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93102,"description":94776},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94783,"title":94784,"body":94785,"description":96221,"extension":2009,"meta":96222,"navigation":134,"path":96223,"seo":96224,"stem":96225,"__hash__":96226},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94786,"toc":96187},[94787,94793,94798,94801,94815,94818,94820,94859,94861,94874,94882,94887,94903,94906,94908,94910,94931,94948,94951,95010,95012,95031,95036,95042,95045,95079,95081,95094,95097,95142,95144,95167,95174,95180,95183,95224,95226,95240,95243,95301,95303,95318,95331,95337,95343,95408,95410,95429,95431,95449,95452,95456,95462,95464,95497,95499,95512,95522,95525,95586,95588,95609,95612,95614,95630,95635,95639,95644,95649,95705,95707,95725,95728,95773,95775,95783,95788,95792,95806,95808,95840,95842,95851,95853,95857,95866,95869,95901,95903,95915,95918,95922,95927,95968,95970,95978,95981,96004,96008,96010,96019,96022,96075,96077,96086,96090,96095,96106,96108,96117,96120,96126,96129,96135,96145,96153,96160,96162,96184],[10,94788,1935,94790,3624],{"id":94789},"python-round-function-explained",[33,94791,94792],{},"round()",[14,94794,9157,94795,94797],{},[33,94796,94792],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[14,94799,94800],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[246,94802,94803,94809],{},[249,94804,94805,94808],{},[33,94806,94807],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[249,94810,94811,94814],{},[33,94812,94813],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94816,94817],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[21,94819,2051],{"id":2050},[26,94821,94823],{"className":28,"code":94822,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[33,94824,94825,94841],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,94826,94827,94829,94831,94834,94836,94839],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,94828,142],{"class":141},[36,94830,145],{"class":50},[36,94832,94833],{"class":141},"round",[36,94835,145],{"class":50},[36,94837,94838],{"class":54},"3.14159",[36,94840,445],{"class":50},[36,94842,94843,94845,94847,94849,94851,94853,94855,94857],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,94844,142],{"class":141},[36,94846,145],{"class":50},[36,94848,94833],{"class":141},[36,94850,145],{"class":50},[36,94852,94838],{"class":54},[36,94854,58],{"class":50},[36,94856,61],{"class":54},[36,94858,445],{"class":50},[14,94860,182],{},[26,94862,94864],{"className":28,"code":94863,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"3\n3.14\n",[33,94865,94866,94870],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,94867,94868],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,94869,475],{"class":54},[36,94871,94872],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,94873,40214],{"class":54},[14,94875,495,94876,94878,94879,94881],{},[33,94877,94807],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[33,94880,94813],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[21,94883,3720,94885,3723],{"id":94884},"what-round-does",[33,94886,94792],{},[246,94888,94889,94894,94897,94900],{},[249,94890,94891,94893],{},[33,94892,94792],{}," is a built-in Python function",[249,94895,94896],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[249,94898,94899],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[249,94901,94902],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94904,94905],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[21,94907,2205],{"id":2204},[14,94909,2208],{},[26,94911,94913],{"className":28,"code":94912,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[33,94914,94915],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,94916,94917,94919,94921,94923,94926,94929],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,94918,94833],{"class":141},[36,94920,145],{"class":50},[36,94922,2290],{"class":148},[36,94924,94925],{"class":50},"[,",[36,94927,94928],{"class":148}," ndigits",[36,94930,115],{"class":50},[246,94932,94933,94938,94943],{},[249,94934,94935,94937],{},[33,94936,2290],{}," is the value to round",[249,94939,94940,20071],{},[33,94941,94942],{},"ndigits",[249,94944,94945,94947],{},[33,94946,94942],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[14,94949,94950],{},"Basic examples:",[26,94952,94954],{"className":28,"code":94953,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[33,94955,94956,94971,94989],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,94957,94958,94960,94962,94964,94966,94969],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,94959,142],{"class":141},[36,94961,145],{"class":50},[36,94963,94833],{"class":141},[36,94965,145],{"class":50},[36,94967,94968],{"class":54},"7.8",[36,94970,445],{"class":50},[36,94972,94973,94975,94977,94979,94981,94983,94985,94987],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,94974,142],{"class":141},[36,94976,145],{"class":50},[36,94978,94833],{"class":141},[36,94980,145],{"class":50},[36,94982,94968],{"class":54},[36,94984,58],{"class":50},[36,94986,1340],{"class":54},[36,94988,445],{"class":50},[36,94990,94991,94993,94995,94997,94999,95002,95004,95006,95008],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,94992,142],{"class":141},[36,94994,145],{"class":50},[36,94996,94833],{"class":141},[36,94998,145],{"class":50},[36,95000,95001],{"class":54},"1234",[36,95003,58],{"class":50},[36,95005,2272],{"class":46},[36,95007,481],{"class":54},[36,95009,445],{"class":50},[14,95011,182],{},[26,95013,95015],{"className":28,"code":95014,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[33,95016,95017,95021,95026],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,95018,95019],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,95020,2432],{"class":54},[36,95022,95023],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,95024,95025],{"class":54},"7.8\n",[36,95027,95028],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,95029,95030],{"class":54},"1200\n",[14,95032,95033,95034,303],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[294,95035,2471],{"href":2470},[21,95037,1462,95039,95041],{"id":95038},"using-round-with-one-argument",[33,95040,94792],{}," with one argument",[14,95043,95044],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[26,95046,95048],{"className":28,"code":95047,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[33,95049,95050,95064],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,95051,95052,95054,95056,95058,95060,95062],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,95053,142],{"class":141},[36,95055,145],{"class":50},[36,95057,94833],{"class":141},[36,95059,145],{"class":50},[36,95061,2413],{"class":54},[36,95063,445],{"class":50},[36,95065,95066,95068,95070,95072,95074,95077],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,95067,142],{"class":141},[36,95069,145],{"class":50},[36,95071,94833],{"class":141},[36,95073,145],{"class":50},[36,95075,95076],{"class":54},"4.8",[36,95078,445],{"class":50},[14,95080,182],{},[26,95082,95084],{"className":28,"code":95083,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"4\n5\n",[33,95085,95086,95090],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,95087,95088],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,95089,48688],{"class":54},[36,95091,95092],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,95093,2996],{"class":54},[14,95095,95096],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[26,95098,95100],{"className":28,"code":95099,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[33,95101,95102,95118,95128],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,95103,95104,95106,95108,95111,95113,95116],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,95105,2280],{"class":42},[36,95107,47],{"class":46},[36,95109,95110],{"class":141}," round",[36,95112,145],{"class":50},[36,95114,95115],{"class":54},"10.2",[36,95117,152],{"class":50},[36,95119,95120,95122,95124,95126],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,95121,142],{"class":141},[36,95123,145],{"class":50},[36,95125,2315],{"class":148},[36,95127,152],{"class":50},[36,95129,95130,95132,95134,95136,95138,95140],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,95131,142],{"class":141},[36,95133,145],{"class":50},[36,95135,818],{"class":80},[36,95137,145],{"class":50},[36,95139,2315],{"class":148},[36,95141,445],{"class":50},[14,95143,182],{},[26,95145,95147],{"className":28,"code":95146,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[33,95148,95149,95153],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,95150,95151],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,95152,2427],{"class":54},[36,95154,95155,95157,95159,95161,95163,95165],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,95156,844],{"class":46},[36,95158,848],{"class":847},[36,95160,220],{"class":87},[36,95162,2237],{"class":91},[36,95164,211],{"class":87},[36,95166,857],{"class":46},[14,95168,95169,95170,303],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[294,95171,1935,95172,3554],{"href":2924},[33,95173,2927],{},[21,95175,1462,95177,95179],{"id":95176},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[33,95178,94792],{}," with decimal places",[14,95181,95182],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[26,95184,95186],{"className":28,"code":95185,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[33,95187,95188,95206],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,95189,95190,95192,95194,95196,95198,95200,95202,95204],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,95191,142],{"class":141},[36,95193,145],{"class":50},[36,95195,94833],{"class":141},[36,95197,145],{"class":50},[36,95199,94838],{"class":54},[36,95201,58],{"class":50},[36,95203,61],{"class":54},[36,95205,445],{"class":50},[36,95207,95208,95210,95212,95214,95216,95218,95220,95222],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,95209,142],{"class":141},[36,95211,145],{"class":50},[36,95213,94833],{"class":141},[36,95215,145],{"class":50},[36,95217,94838],{"class":54},[36,95219,58],{"class":50},[36,95221,66],{"class":54},[36,95223,445],{"class":50},[14,95225,182],{},[26,95227,95229],{"className":28,"code":95228,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"3.14\n3.142\n",[33,95230,95231,95235],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,95232,95233],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,95234,40214],{"class":54},[36,95236,95237],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,95238,95239],{"class":54},"3.142\n",[14,95241,95242],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[26,95244,95246],{"className":28,"code":95245,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[33,95247,95248,95257,95276,95280,95290],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,95249,95250,95252,95254],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,95251,40424],{"class":42},[36,95253,47],{"class":46},[36,95255,95256],{"class":54}," 19.9876\n",[36,95258,95259,95262,95264,95266,95268,95270,95272,95274],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,95260,95261],{"class":42},"rounded_price ",[36,95263,47],{"class":46},[36,95265,95110],{"class":141},[36,95267,145],{"class":50},[36,95269,25183],{"class":148},[36,95271,58],{"class":50},[36,95273,61],{"class":54},[36,95275,152],{"class":50},[36,95277,95278],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,95279,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,95281,95282,95284,95286,95288],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,95283,142],{"class":141},[36,95285,145],{"class":50},[36,95287,25183],{"class":148},[36,95289,152],{"class":50},[36,95291,95292,95294,95296,95299],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,95293,142],{"class":141},[36,95295,145],{"class":50},[36,95297,95298],{"class":148},"rounded_price",[36,95300,152],{"class":50},[14,95302,182],{},[26,95304,95306],{"className":28,"code":95305,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[33,95307,95308,95313],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,95309,95310],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,95311,95312],{"class":54},"19.9876\n",[36,95314,95315],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,95316,95317],{"class":54},"19.99\n",[14,95319,95320,95321,95324,95325,298,95327,303],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[33,95322,95323],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[294,95326,40928],{"href":40927},[294,95328,1935,95329,3554],{"href":2930},[33,95330,2933],{},[21,95332,95334,95335],{"id":95333},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[33,95336,94942],{},[14,95338,95339,95340,95342],{},"A negative ",[33,95341,94942],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[26,95344,95346],{"className":28,"code":95345,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[33,95347,95348,95368,95388],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,95349,95350,95352,95354,95356,95358,95360,95362,95364,95366],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,95351,142],{"class":141},[36,95353,145],{"class":50},[36,95355,94833],{"class":141},[36,95357,145],{"class":50},[36,95359,95001],{"class":54},[36,95361,58],{"class":50},[36,95363,2272],{"class":46},[36,95365,55],{"class":54},[36,95367,445],{"class":50},[36,95369,95370,95372,95374,95376,95378,95380,95382,95384,95386],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,95371,142],{"class":141},[36,95373,145],{"class":50},[36,95375,94833],{"class":141},[36,95377,145],{"class":50},[36,95379,95001],{"class":54},[36,95381,58],{"class":50},[36,95383,2272],{"class":46},[36,95385,481],{"class":54},[36,95387,445],{"class":50},[36,95389,95390,95392,95394,95396,95398,95400,95402,95404,95406],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,95391,142],{"class":141},[36,95393,145],{"class":50},[36,95395,94833],{"class":141},[36,95397,145],{"class":50},[36,95399,95001],{"class":54},[36,95401,58],{"class":50},[36,95403,2272],{"class":46},[36,95405,485],{"class":54},[36,95407,445],{"class":50},[14,95409,182],{},[26,95411,95413],{"className":28,"code":95412,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[33,95414,95415,95420,95424],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,95416,95417],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,95418,95419],{"class":54},"1230\n",[36,95421,95422],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,95423,95030],{"class":54},[36,95425,95426],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,95427,95428],{"class":54},"1000\n",[14,95430,65620],{},[246,95432,95433,95438,95444],{},[249,95434,95435,95437],{},[33,95436,65890],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[249,95439,95440,95443],{},[33,95441,95442],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[249,95445,95446,95448],{},[33,95447,47708],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[14,95450,95451],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[21,95453,95455],{"id":95454},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[14,95457,95458,95459,303],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[33,95460,95461],{},".5",[14,95463,5512],{},[26,95465,95467],{"className":28,"code":95466,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[33,95468,95469,95483],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,95470,95471,95473,95475,95477,95479,95481],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,95472,142],{"class":141},[36,95474,145],{"class":50},[36,95476,94833],{"class":141},[36,95478,145],{"class":50},[36,95480,41195],{"class":54},[36,95482,445],{"class":50},[36,95484,95485,95487,95489,95491,95493,95495],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,95486,142],{"class":141},[36,95488,145],{"class":50},[36,95490,94833],{"class":141},[36,95492,145],{"class":50},[36,95494,2088],{"class":54},[36,95496,445],{"class":50},[14,95498,182],{},[26,95500,95502],{"className":28,"code":95501,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"2\n4\n",[33,95503,95504,95508],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,95505,95506],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,95507,17086],{"class":54},[36,95509,95510],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,95511,48688],{"class":54},[14,95513,95514,95515,95518,95519,95521],{},"Python uses ",[180,95516,95517],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[33,95520,95461],{}," situations.",[14,95523,95524],{},"More examples:",[26,95526,95528],{"className":28,"code":95527,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[33,95529,95530,95544,95558,95572],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,95531,95532,95534,95536,95538,95540,95542],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,95533,142],{"class":141},[36,95535,145],{"class":50},[36,95537,94833],{"class":141},[36,95539,145],{"class":50},[36,95541,41208],{"class":54},[36,95543,445],{"class":50},[36,95545,95546,95548,95550,95552,95554,95556],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,95547,142],{"class":141},[36,95549,145],{"class":50},[36,95551,94833],{"class":141},[36,95553,145],{"class":50},[36,95555,41195],{"class":54},[36,95557,445],{"class":50},[36,95559,95560,95562,95564,95566,95568,95570],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,95561,142],{"class":141},[36,95563,145],{"class":50},[36,95565,94833],{"class":141},[36,95567,145],{"class":50},[36,95569,2088],{"class":54},[36,95571,445],{"class":50},[36,95573,95574,95576,95578,95580,95582,95584],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,95575,142],{"class":141},[36,95577,145],{"class":50},[36,95579,94833],{"class":141},[36,95581,145],{"class":50},[36,95583,41160],{"class":54},[36,95585,445],{"class":50},[14,95587,182],{},[26,95589,95591],{"className":28,"code":95590,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[33,95592,95593,95597,95601,95605],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,95594,95595],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,95596,17086],{"class":54},[36,95598,95599],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,95600,17086],{"class":54},[36,95602,95603],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,95604,48688],{"class":54},[36,95606,95607],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,95608,48688],{"class":54},[14,95610,95611],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[14,95613,10743],{},[246,95615,95616,95623],{},[249,95617,95618,2180,95621],{},[33,95619,95620],{},"round(2.5)",[33,95622,481],{},[249,95624,95625,2180,95628],{},[33,95626,95627],{},"round(3.5)",[33,95629,2554],{},[14,95631,3217,95632,95634],{},[33,95633,95461],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[21,95636,95638],{"id":95637},"return-values","Return values",[14,95640,95641,95643],{},[33,95642,94792],{}," returns the rounded value.",[14,95645,40942,95646,95648],{},[180,95647,870],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[26,95650,95652],{"className":28,"code":95651,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[33,95653,95654,95663,95667,95677,95695],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,95655,95656,95658,95660],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,95657,1478],{"class":42},[36,95659,47],{"class":46},[36,95661,95662],{"class":54}," 3.14159\n",[36,95664,95665],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,95666,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,95668,95669,95671,95673,95675],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,95670,142],{"class":141},[36,95672,145],{"class":50},[36,95674,1495],{"class":148},[36,95676,152],{"class":50},[36,95678,95679,95681,95683,95685,95687,95689,95691,95693],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,95680,142],{"class":141},[36,95682,145],{"class":50},[36,95684,94833],{"class":141},[36,95686,145],{"class":50},[36,95688,1495],{"class":148},[36,95690,58],{"class":50},[36,95692,61],{"class":54},[36,95694,445],{"class":50},[36,95696,95697,95699,95701,95703],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,95698,142],{"class":141},[36,95700,145],{"class":50},[36,95702,1495],{"class":148},[36,95704,152],{"class":50},[14,95706,182],{},[26,95708,95710],{"className":28,"code":95709,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[33,95711,95712,95717,95721],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,95713,95714],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,95715,95716],{"class":54},"3.14159\n",[36,95718,95719],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,95720,40214],{"class":54},[36,95722,95723],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,95724,95716],{"class":54},[14,95726,95727],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[26,95729,95731],{"className":28,"code":95730,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[33,95732,95733,95741,95759,95763],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,95734,95735,95737,95739],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,95736,1478],{"class":42},[36,95738,47],{"class":46},[36,95740,95662],{"class":54},[36,95742,95743,95745,95747,95749,95751,95753,95755,95757],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,95744,1478],{"class":42},[36,95746,47],{"class":46},[36,95748,95110],{"class":141},[36,95750,145],{"class":50},[36,95752,1495],{"class":148},[36,95754,58],{"class":50},[36,95756,61],{"class":54},[36,95758,152],{"class":50},[36,95760,95761],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,95762,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,95764,95765,95767,95769,95771],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,95766,142],{"class":141},[36,95768,145],{"class":50},[36,95770,1495],{"class":148},[36,95772,152],{"class":50},[14,95774,182],{},[26,95776,95777],{"className":28,"code":40214,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,95778,95779],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,95780,95781],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,95782,40214],{"class":54},[21,95784,5000,95786],{"id":95785},"when-to-use-round",[33,95787,94792],{},[14,95789,495,95790,6357],{},[33,95791,94792],{},[246,95793,95794,95797,95800,95803],{},[249,95795,95796],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[249,95798,95799],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[249,95801,95802],{},"Round values before reporting results",[249,95804,95805],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[14,95807,5512],{},[26,95809,95811],{"className":28,"code":95810,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[33,95812,95813,95822],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,95814,95815,95817,95819],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,95816,2646],{"class":42},[36,95818,47],{"class":46},[36,95820,95821],{"class":54}," 12.67891\n",[36,95823,95824,95826,95828,95830,95832,95834,95836,95838],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,95825,142],{"class":141},[36,95827,145],{"class":50},[36,95829,94833],{"class":141},[36,95831,145],{"class":50},[36,95833,2669],{"class":148},[36,95835,58],{"class":50},[36,95837,61],{"class":54},[36,95839,445],{"class":50},[14,95841,182],{},[26,95843,95845],{"className":28,"code":95844,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"12.68\n",[33,95846,95847],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,95848,95849],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,95850,95844],{"class":54},[21,95852,1455],{"id":1454},[14,95854,23127,95855,303],{},[33,95856,94792],{},[376,95858,8489,95860,95862,95863,95865],{"id":95859},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[33,95861,94792],{}," to always round ",[33,95864,95461],{}," upward",[14,95867,95868],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[26,95870,95871],{"className":28,"code":95466,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,95872,95873,95887],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,95874,95875,95877,95879,95881,95883,95885],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,95876,142],{"class":141},[36,95878,145],{"class":50},[36,95880,94833],{"class":141},[36,95882,145],{"class":50},[36,95884,41195],{"class":54},[36,95886,445],{"class":50},[36,95888,95889,95891,95893,95895,95897,95899],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,95890,142],{"class":141},[36,95892,145],{"class":50},[36,95894,94833],{"class":141},[36,95896,145],{"class":50},[36,95898,2088],{"class":54},[36,95900,445],{"class":50},[14,95902,182],{},[26,95904,95905],{"className":28,"code":95501,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,95906,95907,95911],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,95908,95909],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,95910,17086],{"class":54},[36,95912,95913],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,95914,48688],{"class":54},[14,95916,95917],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[376,95919,95921],{"id":95920},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[14,95923,95924,95926],{},[33,95925,94792],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[26,95928,95930],{"className":28,"code":95929,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[33,95931,95932,95940,95954,95958],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,95933,95934,95936,95938],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,95935,1478],{"class":42},[36,95937,47],{"class":46},[36,95939,95662],{"class":54},[36,95941,95942,95944,95946,95948,95950,95952],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,95943,94833],{"class":141},[36,95945,145],{"class":50},[36,95947,1495],{"class":148},[36,95949,58],{"class":50},[36,95951,61],{"class":54},[36,95953,152],{"class":50},[36,95955,95956],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,95957,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,95959,95960,95962,95964,95966],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,95961,142],{"class":141},[36,95963,145],{"class":50},[36,95965,1495],{"class":148},[36,95967,152],{"class":50},[14,95969,182],{},[26,95971,95972],{"className":28,"code":95716,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,95973,95974],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,95975,95976],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,95977,95716],{"class":54},[14,95979,95980],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[26,95982,95984],{"className":28,"code":95983,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[33,95985,95986],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,95987,95988,95990,95992,95994,95996,95998,96000,96002],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,95989,1478],{"class":42},[36,95991,47],{"class":46},[36,95993,95110],{"class":141},[36,95995,145],{"class":50},[36,95997,1495],{"class":148},[36,95999,58],{"class":50},[36,96001,61],{"class":54},[36,96003,152],{"class":50},[376,96005,96007],{"id":96006},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[14,96009,16430],{},[26,96011,96013],{"className":28,"code":96012,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[33,96014,96015],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,96016,96017],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,96018,96012],{"class":1617},[14,96020,96021],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[26,96023,96025],{"className":28,"code":96024,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[33,96026,96027,96039,96053,96057],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,96028,96029,96031,96033,96035,96037],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,96030,34722],{"class":42},[36,96032,47],{"class":46},[36,96034,99],{"class":87},[36,96036,40180],{"class":91},[36,96038,3403],{"class":87},[36,96040,96041,96043,96045,96047,96049,96051],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,96042,2267],{"class":42},[36,96044,47],{"class":46},[36,96046,40292],{"class":80},[36,96048,145],{"class":50},[36,96050,34743],{"class":148},[36,96052,152],{"class":50},[36,96054,96055],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,96056,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,96058,96059,96061,96063,96065,96067,96069,96071,96073],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,96060,142],{"class":141},[36,96062,145],{"class":50},[36,96064,94833],{"class":141},[36,96066,145],{"class":50},[36,96068,2290],{"class":148},[36,96070,58],{"class":50},[36,96072,1340],{"class":54},[36,96074,445],{"class":50},[14,96076,182],{},[26,96078,96080],{"className":28,"code":96079,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"3.1\n",[33,96081,96082],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,96083,96084],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,96085,96079],{"class":54},[376,96087,96089],{"id":96088},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[14,96091,96092,96094],{},[33,96093,94792],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[14,96096,96097,96098,298,96102,303],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[294,96099,96100],{"href":2930},[33,96101,2933],{},[294,96103,96104],{"href":2924},[33,96105,2927],{},[21,96107,1872],{"id":1871},[376,96109,12735,96111,96113,96114,96116],{"id":96110},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[33,96112,94792],{}," always round ",[33,96115,40251],{}," up?",[14,96118,96119],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[376,96121,12735,96123,96125],{"id":96122},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[33,96124,94792],{}," change the original number?",[14,96127,96128],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[376,96130,5210,96132,96134],{"id":96131},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[33,96133,94792],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[14,96136,96137,96138,96140,96141,298,96143,303],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[33,96139,94942],{}," value like ",[33,96142,65890],{},[33,96144,95442],{},[376,96146,28363,96148,96150,96151,2541],{"id":96147},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[33,96149,94792],{}," on a string like ",[33,96152,48132],{},[14,96154,96155,96156,298,96158,303],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[33,96157,2933],{},[33,96159,2927],{},[21,96161,1923],{"id":1922},[246,96163,96164,96170,96176,96180],{},[249,96165,96166],{},[294,96167,1935,96168,3554],{"href":2930},[33,96169,2933],{},[249,96171,96172],{},[294,96173,1935,96174,3554],{"href":2924},[33,96175,2927],{},[249,96177,96178],{},[294,96179,2471],{"href":2470},[249,96181,96182],{},[294,96183,42218],{"href":40927},[1962,96185,96186],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":96188},[96189,96190,96192,96193,96195,96197,96199,96200,96201,96203,96210,96220],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":94884,"depth":72,"text":96191},"What round() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":95038,"depth":72,"text":96194},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95176,"depth":72,"text":96196},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95333,"depth":72,"text":96198},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95454,"depth":72,"text":95455},{"id":95637,"depth":72,"text":95638},{"id":95785,"depth":72,"text":96202},"When to use round()",{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455,"children":96204},[96205,96207,96208,96209],{"id":95859,"depth":118,"text":96206},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95920,"depth":118,"text":95921},{"id":96006,"depth":118,"text":96007},{"id":96088,"depth":118,"text":96089},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":96211},[96212,96214,96216,96218],{"id":96110,"depth":118,"text":96213},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96122,"depth":118,"text":96215},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96131,"depth":118,"text":96217},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96147,"depth":118,"text":96219},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94784,"description":96221},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96228,"title":96229,"body":96230,"description":97403,"extension":2009,"meta":97404,"navigation":134,"path":97405,"seo":97406,"stem":97407,"__hash__":97408},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96231,"toc":97377},[96232,96239,96244,96247,96249,96298,96302,96326,96331,96336,96341,96355,96364,96366,96385,96387,96402,96405,96415,96417,96419,96480,96484,96517,96524,96531,96534,96567,96570,96574,96577,96630,96634,96654,96660,96667,96674,96735,96743,96820,96824,96836,96845,96847,96853,96859,96863,96916,96919,96977,96981,96989,96992,96996,96999,97009,97011,97108,97111,97120,97123,97166,97170,97192,97195,97201,97203,97207,97232,97234,97301,97310,97312,97318,97323,97327,97330,97334,97340,97344,97349,97351,97368,97374],[10,96233,96235,96236,11352],{"id":96234},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[33,96237,96238],{},"add()",[14,96240,96241,96243],{},[33,96242,1938],{}," adds one item to a set.",[14,96245,96246],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[21,96248,2051],{"id":2050},[26,96250,96252],{"className":28,"code":96251,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,96253,96254,96274,96288],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,96255,96256,96258,96260,96262,96264,96266,96268,96270,96272],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,96257,43],{"class":42},[36,96259,47],{"class":46},[36,96261,51],{"class":50},[36,96263,55],{"class":54},[36,96265,58],{"class":50},[36,96267,61],{"class":54},[36,96269,58],{"class":50},[36,96271,66],{"class":54},[36,96273,69],{"class":50},[36,96275,96276,96278,96280,96282,96284,96286],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,96277,149],{"class":42},[36,96279,303],{"class":50},[36,96281,82140],{"class":148},[36,96283,145],{"class":50},[36,96285,2554],{"class":54},[36,96287,152],{"class":50},[36,96289,96290,96292,96294,96296],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,96291,142],{"class":141},[36,96293,145],{"class":50},[36,96295,149],{"class":148},[36,96297,152],{"class":50},[14,96299,96300],{},[180,96301,182],{},[26,96303,96304],{"className":28,"code":578,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,96305,96306],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,96307,96308,96310,96312,96314,96316,96318,96320,96322,96324],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,96309,192],{"class":50},[36,96311,55],{"class":54},[36,96313,58],{"class":50},[36,96315,61],{"class":54},[36,96317,58],{"class":50},[36,96319,66],{"class":54},[36,96321,58],{"class":50},[36,96323,559],{"class":54},[36,96325,69],{"class":50},[14,96327,495,96328,96330],{},[33,96329,96238],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[21,96332,3720,96334,3723],{"id":96333},"what-setadd-does",[33,96335,1938],{},[14,96337,96338,96340],{},[33,96339,1938],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[246,96342,96343,96346,96349,96352],{},[249,96344,96345],{},"Adds one item to a set",[249,96347,96348],{},"Changes the original set in place",[249,96350,96351],{},"Does not return a new set",[249,96353,96354],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[14,96356,96357,96358,298,96361,303],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[294,96359,297],{"href":96360},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained",[294,96362,96363],{"href":2011},"how to create a set in Python",[21,96365,2205],{"id":2204},[26,96367,96369],{"className":28,"code":96368,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_set.add(item)\n",[33,96370,96371],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,96372,96373,96375,96377,96379,96381,96383],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,96374,1732],{"class":42},[36,96376,303],{"class":50},[36,96378,82140],{"class":148},[36,96380,145],{"class":50},[36,96382,23343],{"class":148},[36,96384,152],{"class":50},[14,96386,11488],{},[246,96388,96389,96394,96397],{},[249,96390,55948,96391,96393],{},[33,96392,96238],{}," on an existing set",[249,96395,96396],{},"Pass exactly one item",[249,96398,96399,96400],{},"The item must be ",[180,96401,1087],{},[14,96403,96404],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[246,96406,96407,96409,96411,96413],{},[249,96408,1096],{},[249,96410,512],{},[249,96412,509],{},[249,96414,1103],{},[21,96416,11505],{"id":11504},[14,96418,11508],{},[26,96420,96422],{"className":28,"code":96421,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[33,96423,96424,96448,96466,96470],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,96425,96426,96428,96430,96432,96434,96436,96438,96440,96442,96444,96446],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,96427,13108],{"class":42},[36,96429,47],{"class":46},[36,96431,51],{"class":50},[36,96433,88],{"class":87},[36,96435,13125],{"class":91},[36,96437,88],{"class":87},[36,96439,58],{"class":50},[36,96441,99],{"class":87},[36,96443,13142],{"class":91},[36,96445,88],{"class":87},[36,96447,69],{"class":50},[36,96449,96450,96452,96454,96456,96458,96460,96462,96464],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,96451,17533],{"class":42},[36,96453,303],{"class":50},[36,96455,82140],{"class":148},[36,96457,145],{"class":50},[36,96459,88],{"class":87},[36,96461,17486],{"class":91},[36,96463,88],{"class":87},[36,96465,152],{"class":50},[36,96467,96468],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,96469,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,96471,96472,96474,96476,96478],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,96473,142],{"class":141},[36,96475,145],{"class":50},[36,96477,17533],{"class":148},[36,96479,152],{"class":50},[14,96481,96482],{},[180,96483,350],{},[26,96485,96487],{"className":28,"code":96486,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[33,96488,96489],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,96490,96491,96493,96495,96497,96499,96501,96503,96505,96507,96509,96511,96513,96515],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,96492,192],{"class":50},[36,96494,211],{"class":87},[36,96496,13125],{"class":91},[36,96498,211],{"class":87},[36,96500,58],{"class":50},[36,96502,220],{"class":87},[36,96504,17486],{"class":91},[36,96506,211],{"class":87},[36,96508,58],{"class":50},[36,96510,220],{"class":87},[36,96512,13142],{"class":91},[36,96514,211],{"class":87},[36,96516,69],{"class":50},[14,96518,96519,96520,96523],{},"The new value ",[33,96521,96522],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[14,96525,96526,96527,96530],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[180,96528,96529],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[14,96532,96533],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[26,96535,96537],{"className":28,"code":96536,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[33,96538,96539],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,96540,96541,96543,96545,96547,96549,96551,96553,96555,96557,96559,96561,96563,96565],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,96542,192],{"class":50},[36,96544,211],{"class":87},[36,96546,13142],{"class":91},[36,96548,211],{"class":87},[36,96550,58],{"class":50},[36,96552,220],{"class":87},[36,96554,13125],{"class":91},[36,96556,211],{"class":87},[36,96558,58],{"class":50},[36,96560,220],{"class":87},[36,96562,17486],{"class":91},[36,96564,211],{"class":87},[36,96566,69],{"class":50},[14,96568,96569],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[21,96571,96573],{"id":96572},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[14,96575,96576],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[26,96578,96580],{"className":28,"code":96579,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,96581,96582,96602,96616,96620],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,96583,96584,96586,96588,96590,96592,96594,96596,96598,96600],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,96585,43],{"class":42},[36,96587,47],{"class":46},[36,96589,51],{"class":50},[36,96591,55],{"class":54},[36,96593,58],{"class":50},[36,96595,61],{"class":54},[36,96597,58],{"class":50},[36,96599,66],{"class":54},[36,96601,69],{"class":50},[36,96603,96604,96606,96608,96610,96612,96614],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,96605,149],{"class":42},[36,96607,303],{"class":50},[36,96609,82140],{"class":148},[36,96611,145],{"class":50},[36,96613,481],{"class":54},[36,96615,152],{"class":50},[36,96617,96618],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,96619,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,96621,96622,96624,96626,96628],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,96623,142],{"class":141},[36,96625,145],{"class":50},[36,96627,149],{"class":148},[36,96629,152],{"class":50},[14,96631,96632],{},[180,96633,182],{},[26,96635,96636],{"className":28,"code":353,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,96637,96638],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,96639,96640,96642,96644,96646,96648,96650,96652],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,96641,192],{"class":50},[36,96643,55],{"class":54},[36,96645,58],{"class":50},[36,96647,61],{"class":54},[36,96649,58],{"class":50},[36,96651,66],{"class":54},[36,96653,69],{"class":50},[14,96655,96656,96657,96659],{},"The set stays the same because ",[33,96658,481],{}," was already present.",[21,96661,96663,10615,96665],{"id":96662},"add-vs-update",[33,96664,96238],{},[33,96666,14987],{},[14,96668,495,96669,96671,96672,303],{},[33,96670,96238],{}," when you want to add ",[180,96673,52695],{},[26,96675,96677],{"className":28,"code":96676,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[33,96678,96679,96703,96721,96725],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,96680,96681,96683,96685,96687,96689,96691,96693,96695,96697,96699,96701],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,96682,697],{"class":42},[36,96684,47],{"class":46},[36,96686,51],{"class":50},[36,96688,88],{"class":87},[36,96690,294],{"class":91},[36,96692,88],{"class":87},[36,96694,58],{"class":50},[36,96696,99],{"class":87},[36,96698,1707],{"class":91},[36,96700,88],{"class":87},[36,96702,69],{"class":50},[36,96704,96705,96707,96709,96711,96713,96715,96717,96719],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,96706,721],{"class":42},[36,96708,303],{"class":50},[36,96710,82140],{"class":148},[36,96712,145],{"class":50},[36,96714,88],{"class":87},[36,96716,9770],{"class":91},[36,96718,88],{"class":87},[36,96720,152],{"class":50},[36,96722,96723],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,96724,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,96726,96727,96729,96731,96733],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,96728,142],{"class":141},[36,96730,145],{"class":50},[36,96732,721],{"class":148},[36,96734,152],{"class":50},[14,96736,495,96737,96671,96739,96742],{},[33,96738,14987],{},[180,96740,96741],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[26,96744,96746],{"className":28,"code":96745,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[33,96747,96748,96772,96806,96810],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,96749,96750,96752,96754,96756,96758,96760,96762,96764,96766,96768,96770],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,96751,697],{"class":42},[36,96753,47],{"class":46},[36,96755,51],{"class":50},[36,96757,88],{"class":87},[36,96759,294],{"class":91},[36,96761,88],{"class":87},[36,96763,58],{"class":50},[36,96765,99],{"class":87},[36,96767,1707],{"class":91},[36,96769,88],{"class":87},[36,96771,69],{"class":50},[36,96773,96774,96776,96778,96780,96782,96784,96786,96788,96790,96792,96794,96796,96798,96800,96802,96804],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,96775,721],{"class":42},[36,96777,303],{"class":50},[36,96779,30498],{"class":148},[36,96781,84],{"class":50},[36,96783,88],{"class":87},[36,96785,9770],{"class":91},[36,96787,88],{"class":87},[36,96789,58],{"class":50},[36,96791,99],{"class":87},[36,96793,18799],{"class":91},[36,96795,88],{"class":87},[36,96797,58],{"class":50},[36,96799,99],{"class":87},[36,96801,750],{"class":91},[36,96803,88],{"class":87},[36,96805,115],{"class":50},[36,96807,96808],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,96809,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,96811,96812,96814,96816,96818],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,96813,142],{"class":141},[36,96815,145],{"class":50},[36,96817,721],{"class":148},[36,96819,152],{"class":50},[376,96821,96823],{"id":96822},"key-difference","Key difference",[246,96825,96826,96831],{},[249,96827,96828,96830],{},[33,96829,96238],{}," adds one item",[249,96832,96833,96835],{},[33,96834,14987],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[14,96837,96838,96839,303],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[294,96840,96842,96843,1939],{"href":96841},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[33,96844,14987],{},[21,96846,17449],{"id":17448},[14,96848,96849,2448,96851,303],{},[33,96850,1938],{},[33,96852,3822],{},[14,96854,96855,96856,96858],{},"That means you should ",[180,96857,870],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[376,96860,96862],{"id":96861},"correct","Correct",[26,96864,96866],{"className":28,"code":96865,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[33,96867,96868,96888,96902,96906],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,96869,96870,96872,96874,96876,96878,96880,96882,96884,96886],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,96871,1665],{"class":42},[36,96873,47],{"class":46},[36,96875,51],{"class":50},[36,96877,55],{"class":54},[36,96879,58],{"class":50},[36,96881,61],{"class":54},[36,96883,58],{"class":50},[36,96885,66],{"class":54},[36,96887,69],{"class":50},[36,96889,96890,96892,96894,96896,96898,96900],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,96891,1732],{"class":42},[36,96893,303],{"class":50},[36,96895,82140],{"class":148},[36,96897,145],{"class":50},[36,96899,2554],{"class":54},[36,96901,152],{"class":50},[36,96903,96904],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,96905,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,96907,96908,96910,96912,96914],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,96909,142],{"class":141},[36,96911,145],{"class":50},[36,96913,1732],{"class":148},[36,96915,152],{"class":50},[376,96917,96918],{"id":61804},"Wrong",[26,96920,96922],{"className":28,"code":96921,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[33,96923,96924,96944,96963,96967],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,96925,96926,96928,96930,96932,96934,96936,96938,96940,96942],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,96927,1665],{"class":42},[36,96929,47],{"class":46},[36,96931,51],{"class":50},[36,96933,55],{"class":54},[36,96935,58],{"class":50},[36,96937,61],{"class":54},[36,96939,58],{"class":50},[36,96941,66],{"class":54},[36,96943,69],{"class":50},[36,96945,96946,96948,96950,96953,96955,96957,96959,96961],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,96947,1665],{"class":42},[36,96949,47],{"class":46},[36,96951,96952],{"class":42}," my_set",[36,96954,303],{"class":50},[36,96956,82140],{"class":148},[36,96958,145],{"class":50},[36,96960,2554],{"class":54},[36,96962,152],{"class":50},[36,96964,96965],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,96966,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,96968,96969,96971,96973,96975],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,96970,142],{"class":141},[36,96972,145],{"class":50},[36,96974,1732],{"class":148},[36,96976,152],{"class":50},[14,96978,96979],{},[180,96980,182],{},[26,96982,96983],{"className":28,"code":11838,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,96984,96985],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,96986,96987],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,96988,11838],{"class":1143},[14,96990,96991],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[21,96993,96995],{"id":96994},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[14,96997,96998],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[246,97000,97001,97003,97005,97007],{},[249,97002,1096],{},[249,97004,512],{},[249,97006,509],{},[249,97008,1103],{},[14,97010,2257],{},[26,97012,97014],{"className":28,"code":97013,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[33,97015,97016,97026,97030,97044,97062,97080,97094,97098],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,97017,97018,97020,97022,97024],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,97019,1328],{"class":42},[36,97021,47],{"class":46},[36,97023,81],{"class":80},[36,97025,128],{"class":50},[36,97027,97028],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,97029,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,97031,97032,97034,97036,97038,97040,97042],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,97033,1369],{"class":42},[36,97035,303],{"class":50},[36,97037,82140],{"class":148},[36,97039,145],{"class":50},[36,97041,631],{"class":54},[36,97043,152],{"class":50},[36,97045,97046,97048,97050,97052,97054,97056,97058,97060],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,97047,1369],{"class":42},[36,97049,303],{"class":50},[36,97051,82140],{"class":148},[36,97053,145],{"class":50},[36,97055,88],{"class":87},[36,97057,708],{"class":91},[36,97059,88],{"class":87},[36,97061,152],{"class":50},[36,97063,97064,97066,97068,97070,97072,97074,97076,97078],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,97065,1369],{"class":42},[36,97067,303],{"class":50},[36,97069,82140],{"class":148},[36,97071,628],{"class":50},[36,97073,55],{"class":54},[36,97075,58],{"class":50},[36,97077,61],{"class":54},[36,97079,445],{"class":50},[36,97081,97082,97084,97086,97088,97090,97092],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,97083,1369],{"class":42},[36,97085,303],{"class":50},[36,97087,82140],{"class":148},[36,97089,145],{"class":50},[36,97091,3649],{"class":1143},[36,97093,152],{"class":50},[36,97095,97096],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,97097,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,97099,97100,97102,97104,97106],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,97101,142],{"class":141},[36,97103,145],{"class":50},[36,97105,1369],{"class":148},[36,97107,152],{"class":50},[14,97109,97110],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[246,97112,97113,97115,97117],{},[249,97114,506],{},[249,97116,1169],{},[249,97118,97119],{},"Sets",[14,97121,97122],{},"Example that causes an error:",[26,97124,97126],{"className":28,"code":97125,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[33,97127,97128,97148],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,97129,97130,97132,97134,97136,97138,97140,97142,97144,97146],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,97131,1328],{"class":42},[36,97133,47],{"class":46},[36,97135,51],{"class":50},[36,97137,55],{"class":54},[36,97139,58],{"class":50},[36,97141,61],{"class":54},[36,97143,58],{"class":50},[36,97145,66],{"class":54},[36,97147,69],{"class":50},[36,97149,97150,97152,97154,97156,97158,97160,97162,97164],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,97151,1369],{"class":42},[36,97153,303],{"class":50},[36,97155,82140],{"class":148},[36,97157,84],{"class":50},[36,97159,2554],{"class":54},[36,97161,58],{"class":50},[36,97163,4644],{"class":54},[36,97165,115],{"class":50},[14,97167,97168],{},[180,97169,29716],{},[26,97171,97172],{"className":28,"code":1203,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,97173,97174],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,97175,97176,97178,97180,97182,97184,97186,97188,97190],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,97177,1210],{"class":80},[36,97179,1213],{"class":50},[36,97181,1216],{"class":42},[36,97183,818],{"class":80},[36,97185,1213],{"class":50},[36,97187,220],{"class":87},[36,97189,1225],{"class":91},[36,97191,1228],{"class":87},[14,97193,97194],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[14,97196,97197,97198,303],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[33,97199,97200],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[21,97202,1455],{"id":1454},[14,97204,14766,97205,1213],{},[33,97206,1938],{},[246,97208,97209,97214,97219,97222,97229],{},[249,97210,1462,97211,97213],{},[33,97212,96238],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[249,97215,8489,97216,97218],{},[33,97217,96238],{}," to return the updated set",[249,97220,97221],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[249,97223,37239,97224,97226,97227],{},[33,97225,1938],{}," with list ",[33,97228,52691],{},[249,97230,97231],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[14,97233,71542],{},[26,97235,97237],{"className":28,"code":97236,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[33,97238,97239,97249,97263,97273,97287],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,97240,97241,97243,97245,97247],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,97242,142],{"class":141},[36,97244,145],{"class":50},[36,97246,1732],{"class":148},[36,97248,152],{"class":50},[36,97250,97251,97253,97255,97257,97259,97261],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,97252,142],{"class":141},[36,97254,145],{"class":50},[36,97256,818],{"class":80},[36,97258,145],{"class":50},[36,97260,1732],{"class":148},[36,97262,445],{"class":50},[36,97264,97265,97267,97269,97271],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,97266,142],{"class":141},[36,97268,145],{"class":50},[36,97270,1495],{"class":148},[36,97272,152],{"class":50},[36,97274,97275,97277,97279,97281,97283,97285],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,97276,142],{"class":141},[36,97278,145],{"class":50},[36,97280,818],{"class":80},[36,97282,145],{"class":50},[36,97284,1495],{"class":148},[36,97286,445],{"class":50},[36,97288,97289,97291,97293,97295,97297,97299],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,97290,32186],{"class":141},[36,97292,145],{"class":50},[36,97294,231],{"class":80},[36,97296,303],{"class":50},[36,97298,82140],{"class":24783},[36,97300,152],{"class":50},[14,97302,97303,97304,97306,97307,303],{},"Also remember that ",[33,97305,1938],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[294,97308,53088],{"href":97309},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[21,97311,1872],{"id":1871},[376,97313,12735,97315,97317],{"id":97314},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[33,97316,1938],{}," return a new set?",[14,97319,97320,97321,303],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[33,97322,3822],{},[376,97324,97326],{"id":97325},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[14,97328,97329],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[376,97331,97333],{"id":97332},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[14,97335,495,97336,11122,97338,303],{},[33,97337,1947],{},[33,97339,96238],{},[376,97341,97343],{"id":97342},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[14,97345,97346,97347,303],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[33,97348,1210],{},[21,97350,1923],{"id":1922},[246,97352,97353,97357,97362],{},[249,97354,97355],{},[294,97356,297],{"href":96360},[249,97358,97359],{},[294,97360,97361],{"href":2011},"How to create a set in Python",[249,97363,97364],{},[294,97365,96842,97366,1939],{"href":96841},[33,97367,14987],{},[14,97369,97370,97371,97373],{},"Once you understand ",[33,97372,96238],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1962,97375,97376],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":97378},[97379,97380,97382,97383,97384,97385,97389,97393,97394,97395,97402],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":96333,"depth":72,"text":97381},"What set.add() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":11504,"depth":72,"text":11505},{"id":96572,"depth":72,"text":96573},{"id":96662,"depth":72,"text":97386,"children":97387},"add() vs update()",[97388],{"id":96822,"depth":118,"text":96823},{"id":17448,"depth":72,"text":17449,"children":97390},[97391,97392],{"id":96861,"depth":118,"text":96862},{"id":61804,"depth":118,"text":96918},{"id":96994,"depth":72,"text":96995},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":97396},[97397,97399,97400,97401],{"id":97314,"depth":118,"text":97398},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97325,"depth":118,"text":97326},{"id":97332,"depth":118,"text":97333},{"id":97342,"depth":118,"text":97343},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96229,"description":97403},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97410,"title":97411,"body":97412,"description":98574,"extension":2009,"meta":98575,"navigation":134,"path":98576,"seo":98577,"stem":98578,"__hash__":98579},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97413,"toc":98541},[97414,97419,97425,97432,97477,97479,97490,97495,97500,97504,97518,97522,97524,97526,97541,97543,97557,97559,97561,97626,97628,97638,97640,97658,97664,97671,97676,97750,97752,97769,97775,97780,97851,97853,97880,97897,97900,97906,97908,97915,97919,97986,97988,98003,98006,98059,98061,98069,98081,98083,98087,98092,98094,98143,98145,98153,98155,98200,98202,98212,98218,98226,98239,98245,98247,98274,98276,98294,98298,98301,98330,98332,98350,98354,98429,98431,98447,98454,98456,98461,98466,98472,98475,98479,98487,98494,98502,98504,98538],[10,97415,96235,97417,11352],{"id":97416},"python-set-clear-method",[33,97418,11351],{},[14,97420,97421,97424],{},[33,97422,97423],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[14,97426,97427,97428,97431],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[180,97429,97430],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[26,97433,97435],{"className":28,"code":97434,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,97436,97437,97457,97467],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,97438,97439,97441,97443,97445,97447,97449,97451,97453,97455],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,97440,43],{"class":42},[36,97442,47],{"class":46},[36,97444,51],{"class":50},[36,97446,55],{"class":54},[36,97448,58],{"class":50},[36,97450,61],{"class":54},[36,97452,58],{"class":50},[36,97454,66],{"class":54},[36,97456,69],{"class":50},[36,97458,97459,97461,97463,97465],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,97460,149],{"class":42},[36,97462,303],{"class":50},[36,97464,11413],{"class":148},[36,97466,128],{"class":50},[36,97468,97469,97471,97473,97475],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,97470,142],{"class":141},[36,97472,145],{"class":50},[36,97474,149],{"class":148},[36,97476,152],{"class":50},[14,97478,182],{},[26,97480,97482],{"className":28,"code":97481,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"set()\n",[33,97483,97484],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,97485,97486,97488],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,97487,231],{"class":80},[36,97489,128],{"class":50},[14,97491,97492,97494],{},[33,97493,11351],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[21,97496,3720,97498,3723],{"id":97497},"what-setclear-does",[33,97499,97423],{},[14,97501,2026,97502,11443],{},[33,97503,11351],{},[246,97505,97506,97509,97511,97515],{},[249,97507,97508],{},"Removes every item from a set",[249,97510,96348],{},[249,97512,11454,97513],{},[33,97514,3822],{},[249,97516,97517],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[14,97519,96357,97520,71641],{},[294,97521,297],{"href":296},[21,97523,2205],{"id":2204},[14,97525,54486],{},[26,97527,97529],{"className":28,"code":97528,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_set.clear()\n",[33,97530,97531],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,97532,97533,97535,97537,97539],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,97534,1732],{"class":42},[36,97536,303],{"class":50},[36,97538,11413],{"class":148},[36,97540,128],{"class":50},[14,97542,13084],{},[246,97544,97545,97548,97551,97554],{},[249,97546,97547],{},"It takes no arguments",[249,97549,97550],{},"It empties the set",[249,97552,97553],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[249,97555,97556],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[21,97558,11505],{"id":11504},[14,97560,11508],{},[26,97562,97564],{"className":28,"code":97563,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[33,97565,97566,97598,97602,97612,97616],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,97567,97568,97570,97572,97574,97576,97578,97580,97582,97584,97586,97588,97590,97592,97594,97596],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,97569,13108],{"class":42},[36,97571,47],{"class":46},[36,97573,51],{"class":50},[36,97575,88],{"class":87},[36,97577,13125],{"class":91},[36,97579,88],{"class":87},[36,97581,58],{"class":50},[36,97583,99],{"class":87},[36,97585,17486],{"class":91},[36,97587,88],{"class":87},[36,97589,58],{"class":50},[36,97591,99],{"class":87},[36,97593,13142],{"class":91},[36,97595,88],{"class":87},[36,97597,69],{"class":50},[36,97599,97600],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,97601,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,97603,97604,97606,97608,97610],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,97605,17533],{"class":42},[36,97607,303],{"class":50},[36,97609,11413],{"class":148},[36,97611,128],{"class":50},[36,97613,97614],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,97615,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,97617,97618,97620,97622,97624],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,97619,142],{"class":141},[36,97621,145],{"class":50},[36,97623,17533],{"class":148},[36,97625,152],{"class":50},[14,97627,182],{},[26,97629,97630],{"className":28,"code":97481,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,97631,97632],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,97633,97634,97636],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,97635,231],{"class":80},[36,97637,128],{"class":50},[14,97639,11714],{},[246,97641,97642,97647,97652],{},[249,97643,97644,97646],{},[33,97645,17533],{}," starts with three values",[249,97648,97649,11727],{},[33,97650,97651],{},"colors.clear()",[249,97653,97654,97655,97657],{},"Printing the set shows ",[33,97656,239],{},", which means an empty set",[21,97659,97661,97663],{"id":97660},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[33,97662,11351],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[14,97665,97666,482,97668,97670],{},[33,97667,11351],{},[33,97669,239],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[376,97672,1462,97674],{"id":97673},"using-clear",[33,97675,11351],{},[26,97677,97679],{"className":28,"code":97678,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[33,97680,97681,97701,97711,97715,97725,97729,97739],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,97682,97683,97685,97687,97689,97691,97693,97695,97697,97699],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,97684,1328],{"class":42},[36,97686,47],{"class":46},[36,97688,51],{"class":50},[36,97690,55],{"class":54},[36,97692,58],{"class":50},[36,97694,61],{"class":54},[36,97696,58],{"class":50},[36,97698,66],{"class":54},[36,97700,69],{"class":50},[36,97702,97703,97706,97708],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,97704,97705],{"class":42},"other_name ",[36,97707,47],{"class":46},[36,97709,97710],{"class":42}," items\n",[36,97712,97713],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,97714,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,97716,97717,97719,97721,97723],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,97718,1369],{"class":42},[36,97720,303],{"class":50},[36,97722,11413],{"class":148},[36,97724,128],{"class":50},[36,97726,97727],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,97728,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,97730,97731,97733,97735,97737],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,97732,142],{"class":141},[36,97734,145],{"class":50},[36,97736,1369],{"class":148},[36,97738,152],{"class":50},[36,97740,97741,97743,97745,97748],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,97742,142],{"class":141},[36,97744,145],{"class":50},[36,97746,97747],{"class":148},"other_name",[36,97749,152],{"class":50},[14,97751,182],{},[26,97753,97755],{"className":28,"code":97754,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"set()\nset()\n",[33,97756,97757,97763],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,97758,97759,97761],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,97760,231],{"class":80},[36,97762,128],{"class":50},[36,97764,97765,97767],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,97766,231],{"class":80},[36,97768,128],{"class":50},[14,97770,97771,97772,303],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[180,97773,97774],{},"same set object",[376,97776,1462,97778],{"id":97777},"using-set",[33,97779,239],{},[26,97781,97783],{"className":28,"code":97782,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[33,97784,97785,97805,97813,97817,97827,97831,97841],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,97786,97787,97789,97791,97793,97795,97797,97799,97801,97803],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,97788,1328],{"class":42},[36,97790,47],{"class":46},[36,97792,51],{"class":50},[36,97794,55],{"class":54},[36,97796,58],{"class":50},[36,97798,61],{"class":54},[36,97800,58],{"class":50},[36,97802,66],{"class":54},[36,97804,69],{"class":50},[36,97806,97807,97809,97811],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,97808,97705],{"class":42},[36,97810,47],{"class":46},[36,97812,97710],{"class":42},[36,97814,97815],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,97816,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,97818,97819,97821,97823,97825],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,97820,1328],{"class":42},[36,97822,47],{"class":46},[36,97824,81],{"class":80},[36,97826,128],{"class":50},[36,97828,97829],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,97830,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,97832,97833,97835,97837,97839],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,97834,142],{"class":141},[36,97836,145],{"class":50},[36,97838,1369],{"class":148},[36,97840,152],{"class":50},[36,97842,97843,97845,97847,97849],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,97844,142],{"class":141},[36,97846,145],{"class":50},[36,97848,97747],{"class":148},[36,97850,152],{"class":50},[14,97852,182],{},[26,97854,97856],{"className":28,"code":97855,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[33,97857,97858,97864],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,97859,97860,97862],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,97861,231],{"class":80},[36,97863,128],{"class":50},[36,97865,97866,97868,97870,97872,97874,97876,97878],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,97867,192],{"class":50},[36,97869,55],{"class":54},[36,97871,58],{"class":50},[36,97873,61],{"class":54},[36,97875,58],{"class":50},[36,97877,66],{"class":54},[36,97879,69],{"class":50},[14,97881,20803,97882,93127,97885,97888,97889,303,97891,97893,97894,97896],{},[33,97883,97884],{},"items = set()",[180,97886,97887],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[33,97890,1369],{},[9876,97892],{},"\nBut ",[33,97895,97747],{}," still points to the original set.",[14,97898,97899],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[14,97901,97902,97903,303],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[294,97904,96363],{"href":97905},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[21,97907,17449],{"id":17448},[14,97909,97910,14086,97912,97914],{},[33,97911,11351],{},[180,97913,870],{}," return the emptied set.",[14,97916,5188,97917,303],{},[33,97918,3822],{},[26,97920,97922],{"className":28,"code":97921,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,97923,97924,97944,97948,97962,97966,97976],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,97925,97926,97928,97930,97932,97934,97936,97938,97940,97942],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,97927,43],{"class":42},[36,97929,47],{"class":46},[36,97931,51],{"class":50},[36,97933,55],{"class":54},[36,97935,58],{"class":50},[36,97937,61],{"class":54},[36,97939,58],{"class":50},[36,97941,66],{"class":54},[36,97943,69],{"class":50},[36,97945,97946],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,97947,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,97949,97950,97952,97954,97956,97958,97960],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,97951,2280],{"class":42},[36,97953,47],{"class":46},[36,97955,4301],{"class":42},[36,97957,303],{"class":50},[36,97959,11413],{"class":148},[36,97961,128],{"class":50},[36,97963,97964],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,97965,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,97967,97968,97970,97972,97974],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,97969,142],{"class":141},[36,97971,145],{"class":50},[36,97973,2315],{"class":148},[36,97975,152],{"class":50},[36,97977,97978,97980,97982,97984],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,97979,142],{"class":141},[36,97981,145],{"class":50},[36,97983,149],{"class":148},[36,97985,152],{"class":50},[14,97987,182],{},[26,97989,97991],{"className":28,"code":97990,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"None\nset()\n",[33,97992,97993,97997],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,97994,97995],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,97996,11838],{"class":1143},[36,97998,97999,98001],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,98000,231],{"class":80},[36,98002,128],{"class":50},[14,98004,98005],{},"Do not do this:",[26,98007,98009],{"className":28,"code":98008,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,98010,98011,98031,98045,98049],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,98012,98013,98015,98017,98019,98021,98023,98025,98027,98029],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,98014,43],{"class":42},[36,98016,47],{"class":46},[36,98018,51],{"class":50},[36,98020,55],{"class":54},[36,98022,58],{"class":50},[36,98024,61],{"class":54},[36,98026,58],{"class":50},[36,98028,66],{"class":54},[36,98030,69],{"class":50},[36,98032,98033,98035,98037,98039,98041,98043],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,98034,43],{"class":42},[36,98036,47],{"class":46},[36,98038,4301],{"class":42},[36,98040,303],{"class":50},[36,98042,11413],{"class":148},[36,98044,128],{"class":50},[36,98046,98047],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,98048,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,98050,98051,98053,98055,98057],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,98052,142],{"class":141},[36,98054,145],{"class":50},[36,98056,149],{"class":148},[36,98058,152],{"class":50},[14,98060,182],{},[26,98062,98063],{"className":28,"code":11838,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,98064,98065],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,98066,98067],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,98068,11838],{"class":1143},[14,98070,22221,98071,2448,98073,98075,98076,98078,98079,303],{},[33,98072,54599],{},[33,98074,3822],{},", and then you assign that ",[33,98077,3822],{}," back to ",[33,98080,149],{},[21,98082,4557],{"id":4556},[14,98084,10777,98085,303],{},[33,98086,97423],{},[376,98088,12625,98090],{"id":98089},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[33,98091,11351],{},[14,98093,16673],{},[26,98095,98097],{"className":28,"code":98096,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[33,98098,98099,98119,98133],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,98100,98101,98103,98105,98107,98109,98111,98113,98115,98117],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,98102,1665],{"class":42},[36,98104,47],{"class":46},[36,98106,51],{"class":50},[36,98108,55],{"class":54},[36,98110,58],{"class":50},[36,98112,61],{"class":54},[36,98114,58],{"class":50},[36,98116,66],{"class":54},[36,98118,69],{"class":50},[36,98120,98121,98123,98125,98127,98129,98131],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,98122,1665],{"class":42},[36,98124,47],{"class":46},[36,98126,96952],{"class":42},[36,98128,303],{"class":50},[36,98130,11413],{"class":148},[36,98132,128],{"class":50},[36,98134,98135,98137,98139,98141],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,98136,142],{"class":141},[36,98138,145],{"class":50},[36,98140,1732],{"class":148},[36,98142,152],{"class":50},[14,98144,182],{},[26,98146,98147],{"className":28,"code":11838,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,98148,98149],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,98150,98151],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,98152,11838],{"class":1143},[14,98154,16685],{},[26,98156,98158],{"className":28,"code":98157,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[33,98159,98160,98180,98190],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,98161,98162,98164,98166,98168,98170,98172,98174,98176,98178],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,98163,1665],{"class":42},[36,98165,47],{"class":46},[36,98167,51],{"class":50},[36,98169,55],{"class":54},[36,98171,58],{"class":50},[36,98173,61],{"class":54},[36,98175,58],{"class":50},[36,98177,66],{"class":54},[36,98179,69],{"class":50},[36,98181,98182,98184,98186,98188],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,98183,1732],{"class":42},[36,98185,303],{"class":50},[36,98187,11413],{"class":148},[36,98189,128],{"class":50},[36,98191,98192,98194,98196,98198],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,98193,142],{"class":141},[36,98195,145],{"class":50},[36,98197,1732],{"class":148},[36,98199,152],{"class":50},[14,98201,182],{},[26,98203,98204],{"className":28,"code":97481,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,98205,98206],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,98207,98208,98210],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,98209,231],{"class":80},[36,98211,128],{"class":50},[376,98213,8489,98215,98217],{"id":98214},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[33,98216,11351],{}," to remove only one item",[14,98219,98220,98222,98223,98225],{},[33,98221,11351],{}," removes ",[180,98224,3759],{}," items from the set.",[14,98227,98228,98229,298,98234,303],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[294,98230,98232],{"href":98231},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[33,98233,55568],{},[294,98235,98237],{"href":98236},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[33,98238,12794],{},[376,98240,1462,98242,98244],{"id":98241},"using-for-an-empty-set",[33,98243,864],{}," for an empty set",[14,98246,25724],{},[26,98248,98250],{"className":28,"code":98249,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[33,98251,98252,98260],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,98253,98254,98256,98258],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,98255,881],{"class":42},[36,98257,47],{"class":46},[36,98259,886],{"class":50},[36,98261,98262,98264,98266,98268,98270,98272],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,98263,142],{"class":141},[36,98265,145],{"class":50},[36,98267,818],{"class":80},[36,98269,145],{"class":50},[36,98271,895],{"class":148},[36,98273,445],{"class":50},[14,98275,182],{},[26,98277,98278],{"className":28,"code":1503,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,98279,98280],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,98281,98282,98284,98286,98288,98290,98292],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,98283,844],{"class":46},[36,98285,848],{"class":847},[36,98287,220],{"class":87},[36,98289,936],{"class":91},[36,98291,211],{"class":87},[36,98293,857],{"class":46},[14,98295,98296,945],{},[33,98297,864],{},[14,98299,98300],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[26,98302,98304],{"className":28,"code":98303,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[33,98305,98306,98316],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,98307,98308,98310,98312,98314],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,98309,121],{"class":42},[36,98311,47],{"class":46},[36,98313,81],{"class":80},[36,98315,128],{"class":50},[36,98317,98318,98320,98322,98324,98326,98328],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,98319,142],{"class":141},[36,98321,145],{"class":50},[36,98323,818],{"class":80},[36,98325,145],{"class":50},[36,98327,174],{"class":148},[36,98329,445],{"class":50},[14,98331,182],{},[26,98333,98334],{"className":28,"code":8886,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,98335,98336],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,98337,98338,98340,98342,98344,98346,98348],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,98339,844],{"class":46},[36,98341,848],{"class":847},[36,98343,220],{"class":87},[36,98345,231],{"class":91},[36,98347,211],{"class":87},[36,98349,857],{"class":46},[376,98351,98353],{"id":98352},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[26,98355,98357],{"className":28,"code":98356,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[33,98358,98359,98383,98391,98395,98405,98409,98419],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,98360,98361,98363,98365,98367,98369,98371,98373,98375,98377,98379,98381],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,98362,2604],{"class":42},[36,98364,47],{"class":46},[36,98366,51],{"class":50},[36,98368,88],{"class":87},[36,98370,2222],{"class":91},[36,98372,88],{"class":87},[36,98374,58],{"class":50},[36,98376,99],{"class":87},[36,98378,11775],{"class":91},[36,98380,88],{"class":87},[36,98382,69],{"class":50},[36,98384,98385,98387,98389],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,98386,2632],{"class":42},[36,98388,47],{"class":46},[36,98390,36210],{"class":42},[36,98392,98393],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,98394,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,98396,98397,98399,98401,98403],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,98398,294],{"class":42},[36,98400,303],{"class":50},[36,98402,11413],{"class":148},[36,98404,128],{"class":50},[36,98406,98407],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,98408,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,98410,98411,98413,98415,98417],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,98412,142],{"class":141},[36,98414,145],{"class":50},[36,98416,294],{"class":148},[36,98418,152],{"class":50},[36,98420,98421,98423,98425,98427],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,98422,142],{"class":141},[36,98424,145],{"class":50},[36,98426,1707],{"class":148},[36,98428,152],{"class":50},[14,98430,182],{},[26,98432,98433],{"className":28,"code":97754,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,98434,98435,98441],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,98436,98437,98439],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,98438,231],{"class":80},[36,98440,128],{"class":50},[36,98442,98443,98445],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,98444,231],{"class":80},[36,98446,128],{"class":50},[14,98448,29096,98449,482,98451,98453],{},[33,98450,294],{},[33,98452,1707],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[21,98455,1872],{"id":1871},[376,98457,5182,98459,5185],{"id":98458},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[33,98460,97423],{},[14,98462,5188,98463,98465],{},[33,98464,3822],{},". It empties the set in place.",[376,98467,12735,98469,98471],{"id":98468},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[33,98470,11351],{}," delete the set variable?",[14,98473,98474],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[376,98476,98478],{"id":98477},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[14,98480,98481,98482,98484,98485,303],{},"You already have one after ",[33,98483,11351],{},". Printing it shows ",[33,98486,239],{},[376,98488,5220,98490,482,98492,2541],{"id":98489},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[33,98491,11351],{},[33,98493,239],{},[14,98495,98496,98498,98499,98501],{},[33,98497,11351],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[33,98500,239],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[21,98503,1923],{"id":1922},[246,98505,98506,98510,98514,98520,98526,98532],{},[249,98507,98508],{},[294,98509,297],{"href":296},[249,98511,98512],{},[294,98513,97361],{"href":97905},[249,98515,98516],{},[294,98517,96842,98518,1939],{"href":1934},[33,98519,96238],{},[249,98521,98522],{},[294,98523,96842,98524,1939],{"href":98231},[33,98525,55568],{},[249,98527,98528],{},[294,98529,96842,98530,1939],{"href":98236},[33,98531,12794],{},[249,98533,98534],{},[294,98535,96842,98536,1939],{"href":1944},[33,98537,14987],{},[1962,98539,98540],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":98542},[98543,98545,98546,98547,98554,98555,98564,98573],{"id":97497,"depth":72,"text":98544},"What set.clear() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":11504,"depth":72,"text":11505},{"id":97660,"depth":72,"text":98548,"children":98549},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98550,98552],{"id":97673,"depth":118,"text":98551},"Using clear()",{"id":97777,"depth":118,"text":98553},"Using set()",{"id":17448,"depth":72,"text":17449},{"id":4556,"depth":72,"text":4557,"children":98556},[98557,98559,98561,98563],{"id":98089,"depth":118,"text":98558},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98214,"depth":118,"text":98560},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98241,"depth":118,"text":98562},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98352,"depth":118,"text":98353},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":98565},[98566,98568,98570,98571],{"id":98458,"depth":118,"text":98567},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98468,"depth":118,"text":98569},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98477,"depth":118,"text":98478},{"id":98489,"depth":118,"text":98572},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner 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Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100259,"toc":102654},[100260,100266,100272,100275,100277,100354,100356,100373,100383,100385,100390,100398,100400,100416,100420,100422,100424,100427,100448,100451,100475,100481,100483,100580,100582,100599,100609,100611,100613,100621,100623,100634,100636,100727,100729,100753,100764,100766,100768,100771,100901,100903,100976,100978,100999,101002,101004,101010,101015,101018,101145,101147,101164,101167,101169,101177,101180,101184,101192,101283,101285,101322,101327,101334,101411,101413,101429,101434,101439,101441,101450,101458,101539,101541,101570,101573,101577,101588,101591,101674,101676,101697,101703,101705,101707,101711,101715,101722,101787,101789,101809,101812,101881,101883,101899,101903,101909,101921,101929,101931,102016,102018,102047,102050,102054,102059,102061,102111,102114,102195,102197,102213,102217,102220,102295,102298,102302,102305,102382,102384,102417,102423,102427,102430,102565,102567,102581,102583,102585,102591,102594,102601,102609,102615,102618,102622,102625,102627,102629,102651],[10,100261,96235,100263,11352],{"id":100262},"python-set-difference-method",[33,100264,100265],{},"difference()",[14,100267,100268,100271],{},[33,100269,100270],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[14,100273,100274],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[21,100276,24],{"id":23},[26,100278,100280],{"className":28,"code":100279,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[33,100281,100282,100306,100326,100344],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,100283,100284,100286,100288,100290,100292,100294,100296,100298,100300,100302,100304],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,100285,2604],{"class":42},[36,100287,47],{"class":46},[36,100289,51],{"class":50},[36,100291,55],{"class":54},[36,100293,58],{"class":50},[36,100295,61],{"class":54},[36,100297,58],{"class":50},[36,100299,66],{"class":54},[36,100301,58],{"class":50},[36,100303,559],{"class":54},[36,100305,69],{"class":50},[36,100307,100308,100310,100312,100314,100316,100318,100320,100322,100324],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,100309,2632],{"class":42},[36,100311,47],{"class":46},[36,100313,51],{"class":50},[36,100315,485],{"class":54},[36,100317,58],{"class":50},[36,100319,559],{"class":54},[36,100321,58],{"class":50},[36,100323,4644],{"class":54},[36,100325,69],{"class":50},[36,100327,100328,100330,100332,100334,100336,100338,100340,100342],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,100329,2280],{"class":42},[36,100331,47],{"class":46},[36,100333,56925],{"class":42},[36,100335,303],{"class":50},[36,100337,2862],{"class":148},[36,100339,145],{"class":50},[36,100341,1707],{"class":148},[36,100343,152],{"class":50},[36,100345,100346,100348,100350,100352],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,100347,142],{"class":141},[36,100349,145],{"class":50},[36,100351,2315],{"class":148},[36,100353,152],{"class":50},[14,100355,182],{},[26,100357,100359],{"className":28,"code":100358,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{1, 2}\n",[33,100360,100361],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,100362,100363,100365,100367,100369,100371],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,100364,192],{"class":50},[36,100366,55],{"class":54},[36,100368,58],{"class":50},[36,100370,61],{"class":54},[36,100372,69],{"class":50},[14,100374,100375,100377,100378,100380,100381,303],{},[33,100376,100265],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[33,100379,294],{}," that are not in ",[33,100382,1707],{},[44954,100384],{},[21,100386,3720,100388,3723],{"id":100387},"what-difference-does",[33,100389,100265],{},[14,100391,2026,100392,100394,100395,100397],{},[33,100393,100265],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[180,100396,870],{}," appear in the other set.",[14,100399,13084],{},[246,100401,100402,100407,100410,100413],{},[249,100403,100404,100406],{},[33,100405,100265],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[249,100408,100409],{},"It creates a new set",[249,100411,100412],{},"It does not change the original set",[249,100414,100415],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[14,100417,96357,100418,303],{},[294,100419,297],{"href":296},[44954,100421],{},[21,100423,2205],{"id":2204},[14,100425,100426],{},"Use this form:",[26,100428,100430],{"className":28,"code":100429,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[33,100431,100432],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,100433,100434,100437,100439,100441,100443,100446],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,100435,100436],{"class":42},"set1",[36,100438,303],{"class":50},[36,100440,2862],{"class":148},[36,100442,145],{"class":50},[36,100444,100445],{"class":148},"set2",[36,100447,152],{"class":50},[14,100449,100450],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[26,100452,100454],{"className":28,"code":100453,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[33,100455,100456],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,100457,100458,100460,100462,100464,100466,100468,100470,100473],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,100459,100436],{"class":42},[36,100461,303],{"class":50},[36,100463,2862],{"class":148},[36,100465,145],{"class":50},[36,100467,100445],{"class":148},[36,100469,58],{"class":50},[36,100471,100472],{"class":148}," set3",[36,100474,152],{"class":50},[14,100476,100477,100478,100480],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[180,100479,5395],{}," of the other sets.",[14,100482,2257],{},[26,100484,100486],{"className":28,"code":100485,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[33,100487,100488,100516,100532,100544,100548,100570],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,100489,100490,100492,100494,100496,100498,100500,100502,100504,100506,100508,100510,100512,100514],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,100491,2604],{"class":42},[36,100493,47],{"class":46},[36,100495,51],{"class":50},[36,100497,55],{"class":54},[36,100499,58],{"class":50},[36,100501,61],{"class":54},[36,100503,58],{"class":50},[36,100505,66],{"class":54},[36,100507,58],{"class":50},[36,100509,559],{"class":54},[36,100511,58],{"class":50},[36,100513,4644],{"class":54},[36,100515,69],{"class":50},[36,100517,100518,100520,100522,100524,100526,100528,100530],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,100519,2632],{"class":42},[36,100521,47],{"class":46},[36,100523,51],{"class":50},[36,100525,481],{"class":54},[36,100527,58],{"class":50},[36,100529,66],{"class":54},[36,100531,69],{"class":50},[36,100533,100534,100536,100538,100540,100542],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,100535,83220],{"class":42},[36,100537,47],{"class":46},[36,100539,51],{"class":50},[36,100541,2183],{"class":54},[36,100543,69],{"class":50},[36,100545,100546],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,100547,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,100549,100550,100552,100554,100556,100558,100560,100562,100564,100566,100568],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,100551,2280],{"class":42},[36,100553,47],{"class":46},[36,100555,56925],{"class":42},[36,100557,303],{"class":50},[36,100559,2862],{"class":148},[36,100561,145],{"class":50},[36,100563,1707],{"class":148},[36,100565,58],{"class":50},[36,100567,9712],{"class":148},[36,100569,152],{"class":50},[36,100571,100572,100574,100576,100578],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,100573,142],{"class":141},[36,100575,145],{"class":50},[36,100577,2315],{"class":148},[36,100579,152],{"class":50},[14,100581,182],{},[26,100583,100585],{"className":28,"code":100584,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{1, 4}\n",[33,100586,100587],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,100588,100589,100591,100593,100595,100597],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,100590,192],{"class":50},[36,100592,55],{"class":54},[36,100594,58],{"class":50},[36,100596,559],{"class":54},[36,100598,69],{"class":50},[14,100600,100601,100602,100604,100605,298,100607,303],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[33,100603,294],{}," and removes anything found in ",[33,100606,1707],{},[33,100608,9770],{},[44954,100610],{},[21,100612,17449],{"id":17448},[14,100614,100615,100617,100618,303],{},[33,100616,100265],{}," always returns a ",[180,100619,100620],{},"new set",[14,100622,43688],{},[246,100624,100625,100628,100631],{},[249,100626,100627],{},"The return value is a new set",[249,100629,100630],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[249,100632,100633],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[14,100635,2257],{},[26,100637,100639],{"className":28,"code":100638,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[33,100640,100641,100657,100677,100681,100699,100703,100713],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,100642,100643,100645,100647,100649,100651,100653,100655],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,100644,2604],{"class":42},[36,100646,47],{"class":46},[36,100648,51],{"class":50},[36,100650,55],{"class":54},[36,100652,58],{"class":50},[36,100654,61],{"class":54},[36,100656,69],{"class":50},[36,100658,100659,100661,100663,100665,100667,100669,100671,100673,100675],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,100660,2632],{"class":42},[36,100662,47],{"class":46},[36,100664,51],{"class":50},[36,100666,55],{"class":54},[36,100668,58],{"class":50},[36,100670,61],{"class":54},[36,100672,58],{"class":50},[36,100674,66],{"class":54},[36,100676,69],{"class":50},[36,100678,100679],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,100680,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,100682,100683,100685,100687,100689,100691,100693,100695,100697],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,100684,2280],{"class":42},[36,100686,47],{"class":46},[36,100688,56925],{"class":42},[36,100690,303],{"class":50},[36,100692,2862],{"class":148},[36,100694,145],{"class":50},[36,100696,1707],{"class":148},[36,100698,152],{"class":50},[36,100700,100701],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,100702,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,100704,100705,100707,100709,100711],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,100706,142],{"class":141},[36,100708,145],{"class":50},[36,100710,2315],{"class":148},[36,100712,152],{"class":50},[36,100714,100715,100717,100719,100721,100723,100725],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,100716,142],{"class":141},[36,100718,145],{"class":50},[36,100720,818],{"class":80},[36,100722,145],{"class":50},[36,100724,2315],{"class":148},[36,100726,445],{"class":50},[14,100728,182],{},[26,100730,100731],{"className":28,"code":831,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,100732,100733,100739],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,100734,100735,100737],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,100736,231],{"class":80},[36,100738,128],{"class":50},[36,100740,100741,100743,100745,100747,100749,100751],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,100742,844],{"class":46},[36,100744,848],{"class":847},[36,100746,220],{"class":87},[36,100748,231],{"class":91},[36,100750,211],{"class":87},[36,100752,857],{"class":46},[14,100754,100755,100756,18995,100758,100760,100761,100763],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[33,100757,239],{},[33,100759,864],{},". In Python, ",[33,100762,864],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44954,100765],{},[21,100767,11505],{"id":11504},[14,100769,100770],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[26,100772,100774],{"className":28,"code":100773,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[33,100775,100776,100809,100842,100846,100866,100870,100880,100891],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,100777,100778,100781,100783,100785,100787,100789,100791,100793,100795,100797,100799,100801,100803,100805,100807],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,100779,100780],{"class":42},"fruits_a ",[36,100782,47],{"class":46},[36,100784,51],{"class":50},[36,100786,88],{"class":87},[36,100788,92],{"class":91},[36,100790,88],{"class":87},[36,100792,58],{"class":50},[36,100794,99],{"class":87},[36,100796,102],{"class":91},[36,100798,88],{"class":87},[36,100800,58],{"class":50},[36,100802,99],{"class":87},[36,100804,1005],{"class":91},[36,100806,88],{"class":87},[36,100808,69],{"class":50},[36,100810,100811,100814,100816,100818,100820,100822,100824,100826,100828,100830,100832,100834,100836,100838,100840],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,100812,100813],{"class":42},"fruits_b ",[36,100815,47],{"class":46},[36,100817,51],{"class":50},[36,100819,88],{"class":87},[36,100821,102],{"class":91},[36,100823,88],{"class":87},[36,100825,58],{"class":50},[36,100827,99],{"class":87},[36,100829,1005],{"class":91},[36,100831,88],{"class":87},[36,100833,58],{"class":50},[36,100835,99],{"class":87},[36,100837,22565],{"class":91},[36,100839,88],{"class":87},[36,100841,69],{"class":50},[36,100843,100844],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,100845,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,100847,100848,100850,100852,100855,100857,100859,100861,100864],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,100849,2280],{"class":42},[36,100851,47],{"class":46},[36,100853,100854],{"class":42}," fruits_a",[36,100856,303],{"class":50},[36,100858,2862],{"class":148},[36,100860,145],{"class":50},[36,100862,100863],{"class":148},"fruits_b",[36,100865,152],{"class":50},[36,100867,100868],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,100869,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,100871,100872,100874,100876,100878],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,100873,142],{"class":141},[36,100875,145],{"class":50},[36,100877,2315],{"class":148},[36,100879,152],{"class":50},[36,100881,100882,100884,100886,100889],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,100883,142],{"class":141},[36,100885,145],{"class":50},[36,100887,100888],{"class":148},"fruits_a",[36,100890,152],{"class":50},[36,100892,100893,100895,100897,100899],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,100894,142],{"class":141},[36,100896,145],{"class":50},[36,100898,100863],{"class":148},[36,100900,152],{"class":50},[14,100902,350],{},[26,100904,100906],{"className":28,"code":100905,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[33,100907,100908,100920,100948],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,100909,100910,100912,100914,100916,100918],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,100911,192],{"class":50},[36,100913,211],{"class":87},[36,100915,92],{"class":91},[36,100917,211],{"class":87},[36,100919,69],{"class":50},[36,100921,100922,100924,100926,100928,100930,100932,100934,100936,100938,100940,100942,100944,100946],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,100923,192],{"class":50},[36,100925,211],{"class":87},[36,100927,102],{"class":91},[36,100929,211],{"class":87},[36,100931,58],{"class":50},[36,100933,220],{"class":87},[36,100935,1005],{"class":91},[36,100937,211],{"class":87},[36,100939,58],{"class":50},[36,100941,220],{"class":87},[36,100943,92],{"class":91},[36,100945,211],{"class":87},[36,100947,69],{"class":50},[36,100949,100950,100952,100954,100956,100958,100960,100962,100964,100966,100968,100970,100972,100974],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,100951,192],{"class":50},[36,100953,211],{"class":87},[36,100955,102],{"class":91},[36,100957,211],{"class":87},[36,100959,58],{"class":50},[36,100961,220],{"class":87},[36,100963,1005],{"class":91},[36,100965,211],{"class":87},[36,100967,58],{"class":50},[36,100969,220],{"class":87},[36,100971,22565],{"class":91},[36,100973,211],{"class":87},[36,100975,69],{"class":50},[14,100977,11714],{},[246,100979,100980,100985,100990,100996],{},[249,100981,100982,100983],{},"Start with ",[33,100984,100888],{},[249,100986,100987,100988],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[33,100989,100863],{},[249,100991,100992,100993,100995],{},"Only ",[33,100994,57871],{}," remains",[249,100997,100998],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[14,101000,101001],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44954,101003],{},[21,101005,1462,101007,101009],{"id":101006},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[33,101008,100265],{}," with multiple sets",[14,101011,101012,101013,303],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[33,101014,100265],{},[14,101016,101017],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[26,101019,101021],{"className":28,"code":101020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[33,101022,101023,101055,101072,101085,101102,101106,101135],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,101024,101025,101027,101029,101031,101033,101035,101037,101039,101041,101043,101045,101047,101049,101051,101053],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,101026,43],{"class":42},[36,101028,47],{"class":46},[36,101030,51],{"class":50},[36,101032,55],{"class":54},[36,101034,58],{"class":50},[36,101036,61],{"class":54},[36,101038,58],{"class":50},[36,101040,66],{"class":54},[36,101042,58],{"class":50},[36,101044,559],{"class":54},[36,101046,58],{"class":50},[36,101048,4644],{"class":54},[36,101050,58],{"class":50},[36,101052,37679],{"class":54},[36,101054,69],{"class":50},[36,101056,101057,101060,101062,101064,101066,101068,101070],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,101058,101059],{"class":42},"group_a ",[36,101061,47],{"class":46},[36,101063,51],{"class":50},[36,101065,481],{"class":54},[36,101067,58],{"class":50},[36,101069,559],{"class":54},[36,101071,69],{"class":50},[36,101073,101074,101077,101079,101081,101083],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,101075,101076],{"class":42},"group_b ",[36,101078,47],{"class":46},[36,101080,51],{"class":50},[36,101082,2183],{"class":54},[36,101084,69],{"class":50},[36,101086,101087,101090,101092,101094,101096,101098,101100],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,101088,101089],{"class":42},"group_c ",[36,101091,47],{"class":46},[36,101093,51],{"class":50},[36,101095,80628],{"class":54},[36,101097,58],{"class":50},[36,101099,6033],{"class":54},[36,101101,69],{"class":50},[36,101103,101104],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,101105,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,101107,101108,101110,101112,101114,101116,101118,101120,101123,101125,101128,101130,101133],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,101109,2280],{"class":42},[36,101111,47],{"class":46},[36,101113,4301],{"class":42},[36,101115,303],{"class":50},[36,101117,2862],{"class":148},[36,101119,145],{"class":50},[36,101121,101122],{"class":148},"group_a",[36,101124,58],{"class":50},[36,101126,101127],{"class":148}," group_b",[36,101129,58],{"class":50},[36,101131,101132],{"class":148}," group_c",[36,101134,152],{"class":50},[36,101136,101137,101139,101141,101143],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,101138,142],{"class":141},[36,101140,145],{"class":50},[36,101142,2315],{"class":148},[36,101144,152],{"class":50},[14,101146,182],{},[26,101148,101150],{"className":28,"code":101149,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{1, 3}\n",[33,101151,101152],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,101153,101154,101156,101158,101160,101162],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,101155,192],{"class":50},[36,101157,55],{"class":54},[36,101159,58],{"class":50},[36,101161,66],{"class":54},[36,101163,69],{"class":50},[14,101165,101166],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44954,101168],{},[21,101170,101172,10615,101174],{"id":101171},"difference-vs-difference_update",[33,101173,100265],{},[33,101175,101176],{},"difference_update()",[14,101178,101179],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[376,101181,101182],{"id":2862},[33,101183,100265],{},[246,101185,101186,101189],{},[249,101187,101188],{},"Returns a new set",[249,101190,101191],{},"Does not change the original set",[26,101193,101195],{"className":28,"code":101194,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[33,101196,101197,101221,101237,101241,101259,101263,101273],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,101198,101199,101201,101203,101205,101207,101209,101211,101213,101215,101217,101219],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,101200,2604],{"class":42},[36,101202,47],{"class":46},[36,101204,51],{"class":50},[36,101206,55],{"class":54},[36,101208,58],{"class":50},[36,101210,61],{"class":54},[36,101212,58],{"class":50},[36,101214,66],{"class":54},[36,101216,58],{"class":50},[36,101218,559],{"class":54},[36,101220,69],{"class":50},[36,101222,101223,101225,101227,101229,101231,101233,101235],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,101224,2632],{"class":42},[36,101226,47],{"class":46},[36,101228,51],{"class":50},[36,101230,485],{"class":54},[36,101232,58],{"class":50},[36,101234,559],{"class":54},[36,101236,69],{"class":50},[36,101238,101239],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,101240,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,101242,101243,101245,101247,101249,101251,101253,101255,101257],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,101244,2280],{"class":42},[36,101246,47],{"class":46},[36,101248,56925],{"class":42},[36,101250,303],{"class":50},[36,101252,2862],{"class":148},[36,101254,145],{"class":50},[36,101256,1707],{"class":148},[36,101258,152],{"class":50},[36,101260,101261],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,101262,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,101264,101265,101267,101269,101271],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,101266,142],{"class":141},[36,101268,145],{"class":50},[36,101270,2315],{"class":148},[36,101272,152],{"class":50},[36,101274,101275,101277,101279,101281],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,101276,142],{"class":141},[36,101278,145],{"class":50},[36,101280,294],{"class":148},[36,101282,152],{"class":50},[14,101284,182],{},[26,101286,101288],{"className":28,"code":101287,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[33,101289,101290,101302],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,101291,101292,101294,101296,101298,101300],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,101293,192],{"class":50},[36,101295,55],{"class":54},[36,101297,58],{"class":50},[36,101299,61],{"class":54},[36,101301,69],{"class":50},[36,101303,101304,101306,101308,101310,101312,101314,101316,101318,101320],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,101305,192],{"class":50},[36,101307,55],{"class":54},[36,101309,58],{"class":50},[36,101311,61],{"class":54},[36,101313,58],{"class":50},[36,101315,66],{"class":54},[36,101317,58],{"class":50},[36,101319,559],{"class":54},[36,101321,69],{"class":50},[376,101323,101325],{"id":101324},"difference_update",[33,101326,101176],{},[246,101328,101329,101332],{},[249,101330,101331],{},"Changes the original set",[249,101333,96351],{},[26,101335,101337],{"className":28,"code":101336,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[33,101338,101339,101363,101379,101383,101397,101401],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,101340,101341,101343,101345,101347,101349,101351,101353,101355,101357,101359,101361],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,101342,2604],{"class":42},[36,101344,47],{"class":46},[36,101346,51],{"class":50},[36,101348,55],{"class":54},[36,101350,58],{"class":50},[36,101352,61],{"class":54},[36,101354,58],{"class":50},[36,101356,66],{"class":54},[36,101358,58],{"class":50},[36,101360,559],{"class":54},[36,101362,69],{"class":50},[36,101364,101365,101367,101369,101371,101373,101375,101377],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,101366,2632],{"class":42},[36,101368,47],{"class":46},[36,101370,51],{"class":50},[36,101372,485],{"class":54},[36,101374,58],{"class":50},[36,101376,559],{"class":54},[36,101378,69],{"class":50},[36,101380,101381],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,101382,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,101384,101385,101387,101389,101391,101393,101395],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,101386,294],{"class":42},[36,101388,303],{"class":50},[36,101390,101324],{"class":148},[36,101392,145],{"class":50},[36,101394,1707],{"class":148},[36,101396,152],{"class":50},[36,101398,101399],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,101400,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,101402,101403,101405,101407,101409],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,101404,142],{"class":141},[36,101406,145],{"class":50},[36,101408,294],{"class":148},[36,101410,152],{"class":50},[14,101412,182],{},[26,101414,101415],{"className":28,"code":100358,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,101416,101417],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,101418,101419,101421,101423,101425,101427],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,101420,192],{"class":50},[36,101422,55],{"class":54},[36,101424,58],{"class":50},[36,101426,61],{"class":54},[36,101428,69],{"class":50},[14,101430,495,101431,101433],{},[33,101432,100265],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[14,101435,101436,101437,33634],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[33,101438,101176],{},[44954,101440],{},[21,101442,101444,101446,101447,101449],{"id":101443},"difference-vs-the-operator",[33,101445,100265],{}," vs the ",[33,101448,2070],{}," operator",[14,101451,2026,101452,101454,101455,101457],{},[33,101453,2070],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[33,101456,100265],{}," for two sets.",[26,101459,101461],{"className":28,"code":101460,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[33,101462,101463,101487,101503,101507,101525],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,101464,101465,101467,101469,101471,101473,101475,101477,101479,101481,101483,101485],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,101466,2604],{"class":42},[36,101468,47],{"class":46},[36,101470,51],{"class":50},[36,101472,55],{"class":54},[36,101474,58],{"class":50},[36,101476,61],{"class":54},[36,101478,58],{"class":50},[36,101480,66],{"class":54},[36,101482,58],{"class":50},[36,101484,559],{"class":54},[36,101486,69],{"class":50},[36,101488,101489,101491,101493,101495,101497,101499,101501],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,101490,2632],{"class":42},[36,101492,47],{"class":46},[36,101494,51],{"class":50},[36,101496,485],{"class":54},[36,101498,58],{"class":50},[36,101500,559],{"class":54},[36,101502,69],{"class":50},[36,101504,101505],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,101506,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,101508,101509,101511,101513,101515,101517,101519,101521,101523],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,101510,142],{"class":141},[36,101512,145],{"class":50},[36,101514,294],{"class":148},[36,101516,303],{"class":50},[36,101518,2862],{"class":148},[36,101520,145],{"class":50},[36,101522,1707],{"class":148},[36,101524,445],{"class":50},[36,101526,101527,101529,101531,101533,101535,101537],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,101528,142],{"class":141},[36,101530,145],{"class":50},[36,101532,2604],{"class":148},[36,101534,2070],{"class":46},[36,101536,2609],{"class":148},[36,101538,152],{"class":50},[14,101540,182],{},[26,101542,101544],{"className":28,"code":101543,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[33,101545,101546,101558],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,101547,101548,101550,101552,101554,101556],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,101549,192],{"class":50},[36,101551,55],{"class":54},[36,101553,58],{"class":50},[36,101555,61],{"class":54},[36,101557,69],{"class":50},[36,101559,101560,101562,101564,101566,101568],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,101561,192],{"class":50},[36,101563,55],{"class":54},[36,101565,58],{"class":50},[36,101567,61],{"class":54},[36,101569,69],{"class":50},[14,101571,101572],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[14,101574,94623,101575,2541],{},[33,101576,100265],{},[246,101578,101579,101582,101585],{},[249,101580,101581],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[249,101583,101584],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[249,101586,101587],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[14,101589,101590],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[26,101592,101594],{"className":28,"code":101593,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[33,101595,101596,101624,101636,101648,101652],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,101597,101598,101600,101602,101604,101606,101608,101610,101612,101614,101616,101618,101620,101622],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,101599,2604],{"class":42},[36,101601,47],{"class":46},[36,101603,51],{"class":50},[36,101605,55],{"class":54},[36,101607,58],{"class":50},[36,101609,61],{"class":54},[36,101611,58],{"class":50},[36,101613,66],{"class":54},[36,101615,58],{"class":50},[36,101617,559],{"class":54},[36,101619,58],{"class":50},[36,101621,4644],{"class":54},[36,101623,69],{"class":50},[36,101625,101626,101628,101630,101632,101634],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,101627,2632],{"class":42},[36,101629,47],{"class":46},[36,101631,51],{"class":50},[36,101633,481],{"class":54},[36,101635,69],{"class":50},[36,101637,101638,101640,101642,101644,101646],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,101639,83220],{"class":42},[36,101641,47],{"class":46},[36,101643,51],{"class":50},[36,101645,2554],{"class":54},[36,101647,69],{"class":50},[36,101649,101650],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,101651,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,101653,101654,101656,101658,101660,101662,101664,101666,101668,101670,101672],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,101655,142],{"class":141},[36,101657,145],{"class":50},[36,101659,294],{"class":148},[36,101661,303],{"class":50},[36,101663,2862],{"class":148},[36,101665,145],{"class":50},[36,101667,1707],{"class":148},[36,101669,58],{"class":50},[36,101671,9712],{"class":148},[36,101673,445],{"class":50},[14,101675,182],{},[26,101677,101679],{"className":28,"code":101678,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[33,101680,101681],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,101682,101683,101685,101687,101689,101691,101693,101695],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,101684,192],{"class":50},[36,101686,55],{"class":54},[36,101688,58],{"class":50},[36,101690,66],{"class":54},[36,101692,58],{"class":50},[36,101694,4644],{"class":54},[36,101696,69],{"class":50},[14,101698,101699,101700,101702],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[33,101701,2070],{}," operator expression.",[44954,101704],{},[21,101706,4557],{"id":4556},[14,101708,21243,101709,303],{},[33,101710,100265],{},[376,101712,101714],{"id":101713},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[14,101716,4667,101717,101719,101720,1213],{},[180,101718,870],{}," change ",[33,101721,294],{},[26,101723,101725],{"className":28,"code":101724,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[33,101726,101727,101747,101759,101763,101777],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,101728,101729,101731,101733,101735,101737,101739,101741,101743,101745],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,101730,2604],{"class":42},[36,101732,47],{"class":46},[36,101734,51],{"class":50},[36,101736,55],{"class":54},[36,101738,58],{"class":50},[36,101740,61],{"class":54},[36,101742,58],{"class":50},[36,101744,66],{"class":54},[36,101746,69],{"class":50},[36,101748,101749,101751,101753,101755,101757],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,101750,2632],{"class":42},[36,101752,47],{"class":46},[36,101754,51],{"class":50},[36,101756,485],{"class":54},[36,101758,69],{"class":50},[36,101760,101761],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,101762,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,101764,101765,101767,101769,101771,101773,101775],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,101766,294],{"class":42},[36,101768,303],{"class":50},[36,101770,2862],{"class":148},[36,101772,145],{"class":50},[36,101774,1707],{"class":148},[36,101776,152],{"class":50},[36,101778,101779,101781,101783,101785],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,101780,142],{"class":141},[36,101782,145],{"class":50},[36,101784,294],{"class":148},[36,101786,152],{"class":50},[14,101788,182],{},[26,101790,101791],{"className":28,"code":353,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,101792,101793],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,101794,101795,101797,101799,101801,101803,101805,101807],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,101796,192],{"class":50},[36,101798,55],{"class":54},[36,101800,58],{"class":50},[36,101802,61],{"class":54},[36,101804,58],{"class":50},[36,101806,66],{"class":54},[36,101808,69],{"class":50},[14,101810,101811],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[26,101813,101815],{"className":28,"code":101814,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[33,101816,101817,101837,101849,101853,101871],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,101818,101819,101821,101823,101825,101827,101829,101831,101833,101835],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,101820,2604],{"class":42},[36,101822,47],{"class":46},[36,101824,51],{"class":50},[36,101826,55],{"class":54},[36,101828,58],{"class":50},[36,101830,61],{"class":54},[36,101832,58],{"class":50},[36,101834,66],{"class":54},[36,101836,69],{"class":50},[36,101838,101839,101841,101843,101845,101847],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,101840,2632],{"class":42},[36,101842,47],{"class":46},[36,101844,51],{"class":50},[36,101846,485],{"class":54},[36,101848,69],{"class":50},[36,101850,101851],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,101852,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,101854,101855,101857,101859,101861,101863,101865,101867,101869],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,101856,2604],{"class":42},[36,101858,47],{"class":46},[36,101860,56925],{"class":42},[36,101862,303],{"class":50},[36,101864,2862],{"class":148},[36,101866,145],{"class":50},[36,101868,1707],{"class":148},[36,101870,152],{"class":50},[36,101872,101873,101875,101877,101879],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,101874,142],{"class":141},[36,101876,145],{"class":50},[36,101878,294],{"class":148},[36,101880,152],{"class":50},[14,101882,182],{},[26,101884,101885],{"className":28,"code":100358,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,101886,101887],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,101888,101889,101891,101893,101895,101897],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,101890,192],{"class":50},[36,101892,55],{"class":54},[36,101894,58],{"class":50},[36,101896,61],{"class":54},[36,101898,69],{"class":50},[376,101900,101902],{"id":101901},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[14,101904,101905,101908],{},[33,101906,101907],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[246,101910,101911,101916],{},[249,101912,101913,101914],{},"keep items from ",[33,101915,294],{},[249,101917,101918,101919],{},"remove anything also in ",[33,101920,1707],{},[14,101922,40942,101923,101925,101926,101928],{},[180,101924,870],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[33,101927,1707],{},"”.",[14,101930,2257],{},[26,101932,101934],{"className":28,"code":101933,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[33,101935,101936,101956,101976,101980,101998],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,101937,101938,101940,101942,101944,101946,101948,101950,101952,101954],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,101939,2604],{"class":42},[36,101941,47],{"class":46},[36,101943,51],{"class":50},[36,101945,55],{"class":54},[36,101947,58],{"class":50},[36,101949,61],{"class":54},[36,101951,58],{"class":50},[36,101953,66],{"class":54},[36,101955,69],{"class":50},[36,101957,101958,101960,101962,101964,101966,101968,101970,101972,101974],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,101959,2632],{"class":42},[36,101961,47],{"class":46},[36,101963,51],{"class":50},[36,101965,485],{"class":54},[36,101967,58],{"class":50},[36,101969,559],{"class":54},[36,101971,58],{"class":50},[36,101973,4644],{"class":54},[36,101975,69],{"class":50},[36,101977,101978],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,101979,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,101981,101982,101984,101986,101988,101990,101992,101994,101996],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,101983,142],{"class":141},[36,101985,145],{"class":50},[36,101987,294],{"class":148},[36,101989,303],{"class":50},[36,101991,2862],{"class":148},[36,101993,145],{"class":50},[36,101995,1707],{"class":148},[36,101997,445],{"class":50},[36,101999,102000,102002,102004,102006,102008,102010,102012,102014],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,102001,142],{"class":141},[36,102003,145],{"class":50},[36,102005,1707],{"class":148},[36,102007,303],{"class":50},[36,102009,2862],{"class":148},[36,102011,145],{"class":50},[36,102013,294],{"class":148},[36,102015,445],{"class":50},[14,102017,182],{},[26,102019,102021],{"className":28,"code":102020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[33,102022,102023,102035],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,102024,102025,102027,102029,102031,102033],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,102026,192],{"class":50},[36,102028,55],{"class":54},[36,102030,58],{"class":50},[36,102032,61],{"class":54},[36,102034,69],{"class":50},[36,102036,102037,102039,102041,102043,102045],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,102038,192],{"class":50},[36,102040,2554],{"class":54},[36,102042,58],{"class":50},[36,102044,4644],{"class":54},[36,102046,69],{"class":50},[14,102048,102049],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[376,102051,102053],{"id":102052},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[14,102055,102056,102058],{},[33,102057,100265],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[14,102060,55358],{},[26,102062,102064],{"className":28,"code":102063,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[33,102065,102066,102086,102102,102106],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,102067,102068,102070,102072,102074,102076,102078,102080,102082,102084],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,102069,2604],{"class":42},[36,102071,47],{"class":46},[36,102073,1333],{"class":50},[36,102075,55],{"class":54},[36,102077,58],{"class":50},[36,102079,61],{"class":54},[36,102081,58],{"class":50},[36,102083,66],{"class":54},[36,102085,1355],{"class":50},[36,102087,102088,102090,102092,102094,102096,102098,102100],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,102089,2632],{"class":42},[36,102091,47],{"class":46},[36,102093,1333],{"class":50},[36,102095,485],{"class":54},[36,102097,58],{"class":50},[36,102099,559],{"class":54},[36,102101,1355],{"class":50},[36,102103,102104],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,102105,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,102107,102108],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,102109,102110],{"class":1617},"# a.difference(b)\n",[14,102112,102113],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[26,102115,102117],{"className":28,"code":102116,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[33,102118,102119,102139,102155,102159,102185],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,102120,102121,102123,102125,102127,102129,102131,102133,102135,102137],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,102122,2604],{"class":42},[36,102124,47],{"class":46},[36,102126,1333],{"class":50},[36,102128,55],{"class":54},[36,102130,58],{"class":50},[36,102132,61],{"class":54},[36,102134,58],{"class":50},[36,102136,66],{"class":54},[36,102138,1355],{"class":50},[36,102140,102141,102143,102145,102147,102149,102151,102153],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,102142,2632],{"class":42},[36,102144,47],{"class":46},[36,102146,1333],{"class":50},[36,102148,485],{"class":54},[36,102150,58],{"class":50},[36,102152,559],{"class":54},[36,102154,1355],{"class":50},[36,102156,102157],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,102158,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,102160,102161,102163,102165,102167,102169,102171,102173,102175,102177,102179,102181,102183],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,102162,2280],{"class":42},[36,102164,47],{"class":46},[36,102166,81],{"class":80},[36,102168,145],{"class":50},[36,102170,294],{"class":148},[36,102172,8668],{"class":50},[36,102174,2862],{"class":148},[36,102176,145],{"class":50},[36,102178,231],{"class":80},[36,102180,145],{"class":50},[36,102182,1707],{"class":148},[36,102184,445],{"class":50},[36,102186,102187,102189,102191,102193],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,102188,142],{"class":141},[36,102190,145],{"class":50},[36,102192,2315],{"class":148},[36,102194,152],{"class":50},[14,102196,182],{},[26,102198,102199],{"className":28,"code":100358,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,102200,102201],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,102202,102203,102205,102207,102209,102211],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,102204,192],{"class":50},[36,102206,55],{"class":54},[36,102208,58],{"class":50},[36,102210,61],{"class":54},[36,102212,69],{"class":50},[376,102214,102216],{"id":102215},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[14,102218,102219],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[26,102221,102223],{"className":28,"code":102222,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[33,102224,102225,102257,102273,102277],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,102226,102227,102229,102231,102233,102235,102237,102239,102241,102243,102245,102247,102249,102251,102253,102255],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,102228,2604],{"class":42},[36,102230,47],{"class":46},[36,102232,51],{"class":50},[36,102234,88],{"class":87},[36,102236,37082],{"class":91},[36,102238,88],{"class":87},[36,102240,58],{"class":50},[36,102242,99],{"class":87},[36,102244,58165],{"class":91},[36,102246,88],{"class":87},[36,102248,58],{"class":50},[36,102250,99],{"class":87},[36,102252,58182],{"class":91},[36,102254,88],{"class":87},[36,102256,69],{"class":50},[36,102258,102259,102261,102263,102265,102267,102269,102271],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,102260,2632],{"class":42},[36,102262,47],{"class":46},[36,102264,51],{"class":50},[36,102266,88],{"class":87},[36,102268,58165],{"class":91},[36,102270,88],{"class":87},[36,102272,69],{"class":50},[36,102274,102275],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,102276,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,102278,102279,102281,102283,102285,102287,102289,102291,102293],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,102280,142],{"class":141},[36,102282,145],{"class":50},[36,102284,294],{"class":148},[36,102286,303],{"class":50},[36,102288,2862],{"class":148},[36,102290,145],{"class":50},[36,102292,1707],{"class":148},[36,102294,445],{"class":50},[14,102296,102297],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[376,102299,102301],{"id":102300},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[14,102303,102304],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[26,102306,102308],{"className":28,"code":102307,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[33,102309,102310,102338,102350,102354,102364],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,102311,102312,102314,102316,102318,102320,102322,102324,102326,102328,102330,102332,102334,102336],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,102313,2604],{"class":42},[36,102315,47],{"class":46},[36,102317,51],{"class":50},[36,102319,55],{"class":54},[36,102321,58],{"class":50},[36,102323,1340],{"class":54},[36,102325,58],{"class":50},[36,102327,61],{"class":54},[36,102329,58],{"class":50},[36,102331,61],{"class":54},[36,102333,58],{"class":50},[36,102335,66],{"class":54},[36,102337,69],{"class":50},[36,102339,102340,102342,102344,102346,102348],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,102341,2632],{"class":42},[36,102343,47],{"class":46},[36,102345,51],{"class":50},[36,102347,485],{"class":54},[36,102349,69],{"class":50},[36,102351,102352],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,102353,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,102355,102356,102358,102360,102362],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,102357,142],{"class":141},[36,102359,145],{"class":50},[36,102361,294],{"class":148},[36,102363,152],{"class":50},[36,102365,102366,102368,102370,102372,102374,102376,102378,102380],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,102367,142],{"class":141},[36,102369,145],{"class":50},[36,102371,294],{"class":148},[36,102373,303],{"class":50},[36,102375,2862],{"class":148},[36,102377,145],{"class":50},[36,102379,1707],{"class":148},[36,102381,445],{"class":50},[14,102383,182],{},[26,102385,102387],{"className":28,"code":102386,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[33,102388,102389,102405],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,102390,102391,102393,102395,102397,102399,102401,102403],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,102392,192],{"class":50},[36,102394,55],{"class":54},[36,102396,58],{"class":50},[36,102398,61],{"class":54},[36,102400,58],{"class":50},[36,102402,66],{"class":54},[36,102404,69],{"class":50},[36,102406,102407,102409,102411,102413,102415],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,102408,192],{"class":50},[36,102410,55],{"class":54},[36,102412,58],{"class":50},[36,102414,61],{"class":54},[36,102416,69],{"class":50},[14,102418,102419,102420,102422],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[33,102421,100265],{}," runs.",[376,102424,102426],{"id":102425},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[14,102428,102429],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[26,102431,102433],{"className":28,"code":102432,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[33,102434,102435,102459,102479,102483,102493,102503,102521,102543],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,102436,102437,102439,102441,102443,102445,102447,102449,102451,102453,102455,102457],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,102438,2604],{"class":42},[36,102440,47],{"class":46},[36,102442,51],{"class":50},[36,102444,55],{"class":54},[36,102446,58],{"class":50},[36,102448,61],{"class":54},[36,102450,58],{"class":50},[36,102452,66],{"class":54},[36,102454,58],{"class":50},[36,102456,559],{"class":54},[36,102458,69],{"class":50},[36,102460,102461,102463,102465,102467,102469,102471,102473,102475,102477],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,102462,2632],{"class":42},[36,102464,47],{"class":46},[36,102466,51],{"class":50},[36,102468,485],{"class":54},[36,102470,58],{"class":50},[36,102472,559],{"class":54},[36,102474,58],{"class":50},[36,102476,4644],{"class":54},[36,102478,69],{"class":50},[36,102480,102481],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,102482,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,102484,102485,102487,102489,102491],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,102486,142],{"class":141},[36,102488,145],{"class":50},[36,102490,294],{"class":148},[36,102492,152],{"class":50},[36,102494,102495,102497,102499,102501],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,102496,142],{"class":141},[36,102498,145],{"class":50},[36,102500,1707],{"class":148},[36,102502,152],{"class":50},[36,102504,102505,102507,102509,102511,102513,102515,102517,102519],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,102506,142],{"class":141},[36,102508,145],{"class":50},[36,102510,294],{"class":148},[36,102512,303],{"class":50},[36,102514,2862],{"class":148},[36,102516,145],{"class":50},[36,102518,1707],{"class":148},[36,102520,445],{"class":50},[36,102522,102523,102525,102527,102529,102531,102533,102535,102537,102539,102541],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,102524,142],{"class":141},[36,102526,145],{"class":50},[36,102528,818],{"class":80},[36,102530,145],{"class":50},[36,102532,294],{"class":148},[36,102534,303],{"class":50},[36,102536,2862],{"class":148},[36,102538,145],{"class":50},[36,102540,1707],{"class":148},[36,102542,2961],{"class":50},[36,102544,102545,102547,102549,102551,102553,102555,102557,102559,102561,102563],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,102546,142],{"class":141},[36,102548,145],{"class":50},[36,102550,438],{"class":141},[36,102552,145],{"class":50},[36,102554,294],{"class":148},[36,102556,303],{"class":50},[36,102558,2862],{"class":148},[36,102560,145],{"class":50},[36,102562,1707],{"class":148},[36,102564,2961],{"class":50},[14,102566,11200],{},[246,102568,102569,102572,102575,102578],{},[249,102570,102571],{},"what is in each set",[249,102573,102574],{},"what result Python creates",[249,102576,102577],{},"that the result is a set",[249,102579,102580],{},"how many items remain",[44954,102582],{},[21,102584,1872],{"id":1871},[376,102586,12735,102588,102590],{"id":102587},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[33,102589,100265],{}," change the original set?",[14,102592,102593],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[376,102595,5220,102597,482,102599,2541],{"id":102596},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[33,102598,100265],{},[33,102600,101176],{},[14,102602,102603,102605,102606,102608],{},[33,102604,100265],{}," returns a new set. ",[33,102607,101176],{}," modifies the original set.",[376,102610,28363,102612,102614],{"id":102611},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[33,102613,100265],{}," with more than two sets?",[14,102616,102617],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[376,102619,102621],{"id":102620},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[14,102623,102624],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44954,102626],{},[21,102628,1923],{"id":1922},[246,102630,102631,102635,102643],{},[249,102632,102633],{},[294,102634,297],{"href":296},[249,102636,102637],{},[294,102638,96842,102640,1939],{"href":102639},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[33,102641,102642],{},"intersection()",[249,102644,102645],{},[294,102646,96842,102648,1939],{"href":102647},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[33,102649,102650],{},"union()",[1962,102652,102653],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":102655},[102656,102657,102659,102660,102661,102662,102664,102669,102671,102679,102688],{"id":23,"depth":72,"text":24},{"id":100387,"depth":72,"text":102658},"What difference() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":17448,"depth":72,"text":17449},{"id":11504,"depth":72,"text":11505},{"id":101006,"depth":72,"text":102663},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101171,"depth":72,"text":102665,"children":102666},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102667,102668],{"id":2862,"depth":118,"text":100265},{"id":101324,"depth":118,"text":101176},{"id":101443,"depth":72,"text":102670},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4556,"depth":72,"text":4557,"children":102672},[102673,102674,102675,102676,102677,102678],{"id":101713,"depth":118,"text":101714},{"id":101901,"depth":118,"text":101902},{"id":102052,"depth":118,"text":102053},{"id":102215,"depth":118,"text":102216},{"id":102300,"depth":118,"text":102301},{"id":102425,"depth":118,"text":102426},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":102680},[102681,102683,102685,102687],{"id":102587,"depth":118,"text":102682},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102596,"depth":118,"text":102684},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102611,"depth":118,"text":102686},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102620,"depth":118,"text":102621},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100257,"description":102689},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102696,"title":102697,"body":102698,"description":104393,"extension":2009,"meta":104394,"navigation":134,"path":104395,"seo":104396,"stem":104397,"__hash__":104398},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102699,"toc":104355},[102700,102706,102712,102725,102727,102828,102830,102875,102880,102885,102889,102903,102906,102914,102916,102935,102953,102957,103010,103012,103033,103040,103045,103072,103079,103178,103180,103217,103225,103229,103235,103238,103311,103313,103321,103326,103395,103397,103422,103424,103427,103530,103532,103593,103596,103600,103606,103679,103681,103714,103717,103720,103760,103766,103789,103794,103798,103809,103812,103814,103818,103824,103826,103883,103893,103895,103948,103955,103960,104028,104036,104042,104046,104048,104087,104092,104141,104145,104148,104150,104189,104192,104194,104199,104256,104258,104272,104274,104278,104284,104289,104294,104301,104312,104318,104323,104325,104352],[10,102701,96235,102703,11352],{"id":102702},"python-set-discard-method",[33,102704,102705],{},"discard()",[14,102707,102708,102711],{},[33,102709,102710],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[14,102713,102714,102715,2238,102720,14086,102722,102724],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[294,102716,102717],{"href":98231},[33,102718,102719],{},"set.remove()",[33,102721,102705],{},[180,102723,870],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[21,102726,2051],{"id":2050},[26,102728,102730],{"className":28,"code":102729,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[33,102731,102732,102764,102783,102793,102797,102818],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,102733,102734,102736,102738,102740,102742,102744,102746,102748,102750,102752,102754,102756,102758,102760,102762],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,102735,13108],{"class":42},[36,102737,47],{"class":46},[36,102739,51],{"class":50},[36,102741,88],{"class":87},[36,102743,13125],{"class":91},[36,102745,88],{"class":87},[36,102747,58],{"class":50},[36,102749,99],{"class":87},[36,102751,13142],{"class":91},[36,102753,88],{"class":87},[36,102755,58],{"class":50},[36,102757,99],{"class":87},[36,102759,17486],{"class":91},[36,102761,88],{"class":87},[36,102763,69],{"class":50},[36,102765,102766,102768,102770,102773,102775,102777,102779,102781],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,102767,17533],{"class":42},[36,102769,303],{"class":50},[36,102771,102772],{"class":148},"discard",[36,102774,145],{"class":50},[36,102776,88],{"class":87},[36,102778,13142],{"class":91},[36,102780,88],{"class":87},[36,102782,152],{"class":50},[36,102784,102785,102787,102789,102791],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,102786,142],{"class":141},[36,102788,145],{"class":50},[36,102790,17533],{"class":148},[36,102792,152],{"class":50},[36,102794,102795],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,102796,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,102798,102799,102801,102803,102805,102807,102809,102811,102813,102815],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,102800,17533],{"class":42},[36,102802,303],{"class":50},[36,102804,102772],{"class":148},[36,102806,145],{"class":50},[36,102808,88],{"class":87},[36,102810,22556],{"class":91},[36,102812,88],{"class":87},[36,102814,3703],{"class":50},[36,102816,102817],{"class":1617},"  # no error if missing\n",[36,102819,102820,102822,102824,102826],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,102821,142],{"class":141},[36,102823,145],{"class":50},[36,102825,17533],{"class":148},[36,102827,152],{"class":50},[14,102829,350],{},[26,102831,102833],{"className":28,"code":102832,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[33,102834,102835,102855],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,102836,102837,102839,102841,102843,102845,102847,102849,102851,102853],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,102838,192],{"class":50},[36,102840,211],{"class":87},[36,102842,13125],{"class":91},[36,102844,211],{"class":87},[36,102846,58],{"class":50},[36,102848,220],{"class":87},[36,102850,17486],{"class":91},[36,102852,211],{"class":87},[36,102854,69],{"class":50},[36,102856,102857,102859,102861,102863,102865,102867,102869,102871,102873],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,102858,192],{"class":50},[36,102860,211],{"class":87},[36,102862,13125],{"class":91},[36,102864,211],{"class":87},[36,102866,58],{"class":50},[36,102868,220],{"class":87},[36,102870,17486],{"class":91},[36,102872,211],{"class":87},[36,102874,69],{"class":50},[14,102876,495,102877,102879],{},[33,102878,102705],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[21,102881,3720,102883,3723],{"id":102882},"what-setdiscard-does",[33,102884,102710],{},[14,102886,102887,1213],{},[33,102888,102705],{},[246,102890,102891,102894,102897,102899],{},[249,102892,102893],{},"Removes one item from a set",[249,102895,102896],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[249,102898,96348],{},[249,102900,11454,102901],{},[33,102902,3822],{},[14,102904,102905],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[14,102907,96357,102908,298,102911,303],{},[294,102909,102910],{"href":301},"what a set is in Python",[294,102912,102913],{"href":97905},"how to create a set",[21,102915,2205],{"id":2204},[26,102917,102919],{"className":28,"code":102918,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[33,102920,102921],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,102922,102923,102925,102927,102929,102931,102933],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,102924,1732],{"class":42},[36,102926,303],{"class":50},[36,102928,102772],{"class":148},[36,102930,145],{"class":50},[36,102932,1495],{"class":148},[36,102934,152],{"class":50},[246,102936,102937,102942,102947,102950],{},[249,102938,102939,102941],{},[33,102940,1732],{}," is the set you want to change",[249,102943,102944,102946],{},[33,102945,1495],{}," is the item you want to remove",[249,102948,102949],{},"The set must already exist",[249,102951,102952],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[376,102954,102956],{"id":102955},"example","Example",[26,102958,102960],{"className":28,"code":102959,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,102961,102962,102986,103000],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,102963,102964,102966,102968,102970,102972,102974,102976,102978,102980,102982,102984],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,102965,43],{"class":42},[36,102967,47],{"class":46},[36,102969,51],{"class":50},[36,102971,55],{"class":54},[36,102973,58],{"class":50},[36,102975,61],{"class":54},[36,102977,58],{"class":50},[36,102979,66],{"class":54},[36,102981,58],{"class":50},[36,102983,559],{"class":54},[36,102985,69],{"class":50},[36,102987,102988,102990,102992,102994,102996,102998],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,102989,149],{"class":42},[36,102991,303],{"class":50},[36,102993,102772],{"class":148},[36,102995,145],{"class":50},[36,102997,485],{"class":54},[36,102999,152],{"class":50},[36,103001,103002,103004,103006,103008],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,103003,142],{"class":141},[36,103005,145],{"class":50},[36,103007,149],{"class":148},[36,103009,152],{"class":50},[14,103011,182],{},[26,103013,103015],{"className":28,"code":103014,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[33,103016,103017],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,103018,103019,103021,103023,103025,103027,103029,103031],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,103020,192],{"class":50},[36,103022,55],{"class":54},[36,103024,58],{"class":50},[36,103026,61],{"class":54},[36,103028,58],{"class":50},[36,103030,559],{"class":54},[36,103032,69],{"class":50},[21,103034,103036,103037,103039],{"id":103035},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[33,103038,102705],{}," different",[14,103041,103042,103044],{},[33,103043,102705],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[246,103046,103047,103060,103069],{},[249,103048,103049,103050,2238,103054,103056,103057,103059],{},"Unlike ",[294,103051,103052],{"href":98231},[33,103053,55568],{},[33,103055,102705],{}," does not raise ",[33,103058,19719],{}," when the item is missing",[249,103061,103049,103062,2238,103066,103068],{},[294,103063,103064],{"href":98236},[33,103065,12794],{},[33,103067,102705],{}," removes a specific item",[249,103070,103071],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[376,103073,103075,10615,103077],{"id":103074},"discard-vs-remove",[33,103076,102705],{},[33,103078,55568],{},[26,103080,103082],{"className":28,"code":103081,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[33,103083,103084,103108,103112,103133,103143,103147,103168],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,103085,103086,103088,103090,103092,103094,103096,103098,103100,103102,103104,103106],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,103087,1328],{"class":42},[36,103089,47],{"class":46},[36,103091,51],{"class":50},[36,103093,88],{"class":87},[36,103095,92],{"class":91},[36,103097,88],{"class":87},[36,103099,58],{"class":50},[36,103101,99],{"class":87},[36,103103,102],{"class":91},[36,103105,88],{"class":87},[36,103107,69],{"class":50},[36,103109,103110],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,103111,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,103113,103114,103116,103118,103120,103122,103124,103126,103128,103130],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,103115,1369],{"class":42},[36,103117,303],{"class":50},[36,103119,102772],{"class":148},[36,103121,145],{"class":50},[36,103123,88],{"class":87},[36,103125,1005],{"class":91},[36,103127,88],{"class":87},[36,103129,3703],{"class":50},[36,103131,103132],{"class":1617},"   # no error\n",[36,103134,103135,103137,103139,103141],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,103136,142],{"class":141},[36,103138,145],{"class":50},[36,103140,1369],{"class":148},[36,103142,152],{"class":50},[36,103144,103145],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,103146,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,103148,103149,103151,103153,103155,103157,103159,103161,103163,103165],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,103150,1369],{"class":42},[36,103152,303],{"class":50},[36,103154,34829],{"class":148},[36,103156,145],{"class":50},[36,103158,88],{"class":87},[36,103160,102],{"class":91},[36,103162,88],{"class":87},[36,103164,3703],{"class":50},[36,103166,103167],{"class":1617},"    # removes existing item\n",[36,103169,103170,103172,103174,103176],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,103171,142],{"class":141},[36,103173,145],{"class":50},[36,103175,1369],{"class":148},[36,103177,152],{"class":50},[14,103179,182],{},[26,103181,103183],{"className":28,"code":103182,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[33,103184,103185,103205],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,103186,103187,103189,103191,103193,103195,103197,103199,103201,103203],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,103188,192],{"class":50},[36,103190,211],{"class":87},[36,103192,92],{"class":91},[36,103194,211],{"class":87},[36,103196,58],{"class":50},[36,103198,220],{"class":87},[36,103200,102],{"class":91},[36,103202,211],{"class":87},[36,103204,69],{"class":50},[36,103206,103207,103209,103211,103213,103215],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,103208,192],{"class":50},[36,103210,211],{"class":87},[36,103212,92],{"class":91},[36,103214,211],{"class":87},[36,103216,69],{"class":50},[14,103218,40380,103219,103221,103222,103224],{},[33,103220,55568],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[294,103223,11105],{"href":11104}," for more help with that case.",[21,103226,103228],{"id":103227},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[14,103230,103231,2448,103233,303],{},[33,103232,102705],{},[33,103234,3822],{},[14,103236,103237],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[26,103239,103241],{"className":28,"code":103240,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,103242,103243,103275,103297,103301],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,103244,103245,103247,103249,103251,103253,103255,103257,103259,103261,103263,103265,103267,103269,103271,103273],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,103246,13108],{"class":42},[36,103248,47],{"class":46},[36,103250,51],{"class":50},[36,103252,88],{"class":87},[36,103254,13125],{"class":91},[36,103256,88],{"class":87},[36,103258,58],{"class":50},[36,103260,99],{"class":87},[36,103262,13142],{"class":91},[36,103264,88],{"class":87},[36,103266,58],{"class":50},[36,103268,99],{"class":87},[36,103270,17486],{"class":91},[36,103272,88],{"class":87},[36,103274,69],{"class":50},[36,103276,103277,103279,103281,103283,103285,103287,103289,103291,103293,103295],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,103278,2280],{"class":42},[36,103280,47],{"class":46},[36,103282,13156],{"class":42},[36,103284,303],{"class":50},[36,103286,102772],{"class":148},[36,103288,145],{"class":50},[36,103290,88],{"class":87},[36,103292,13142],{"class":91},[36,103294,88],{"class":87},[36,103296,152],{"class":50},[36,103298,103299],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,103300,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,103302,103303,103305,103307,103309],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,103304,142],{"class":141},[36,103306,145],{"class":50},[36,103308,2315],{"class":148},[36,103310,152],{"class":50},[14,103312,182],{},[26,103314,103315],{"className":28,"code":11838,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,103316,103317],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,103318,103319],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,103320,11838],{"class":1143},[14,103322,103323,103324,1213],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[33,103325,17533],{},[26,103327,103329],{"className":28,"code":103328,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[33,103330,103331,103363,103381,103385],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,103332,103333,103335,103337,103339,103341,103343,103345,103347,103349,103351,103353,103355,103357,103359,103361],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,103334,13108],{"class":42},[36,103336,47],{"class":46},[36,103338,51],{"class":50},[36,103340,88],{"class":87},[36,103342,13125],{"class":91},[36,103344,88],{"class":87},[36,103346,58],{"class":50},[36,103348,99],{"class":87},[36,103350,13142],{"class":91},[36,103352,88],{"class":87},[36,103354,58],{"class":50},[36,103356,99],{"class":87},[36,103358,17486],{"class":91},[36,103360,88],{"class":87},[36,103362,69],{"class":50},[36,103364,103365,103367,103369,103371,103373,103375,103377,103379],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,103366,17533],{"class":42},[36,103368,303],{"class":50},[36,103370,102772],{"class":148},[36,103372,145],{"class":50},[36,103374,88],{"class":87},[36,103376,13142],{"class":91},[36,103378,88],{"class":87},[36,103380,152],{"class":50},[36,103382,103383],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,103384,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,103386,103387,103389,103391,103393],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,103388,142],{"class":141},[36,103390,145],{"class":50},[36,103392,17533],{"class":148},[36,103394,152],{"class":50},[14,103396,182],{},[26,103398,103400],{"className":28,"code":103399,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[33,103401,103402],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,103403,103404,103406,103408,103410,103412,103414,103416,103418,103420],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,103405,192],{"class":50},[36,103407,211],{"class":87},[36,103409,13125],{"class":91},[36,103411,211],{"class":87},[36,103413,58],{"class":50},[36,103415,220],{"class":87},[36,103417,17486],{"class":91},[36,103419,211],{"class":87},[36,103421,69],{"class":50},[21,103423,11505],{"id":11504},[14,103425,103426],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[26,103428,103430],{"className":28,"code":103429,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[33,103431,103432,103464,103468,103486,103490,103508,103512],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,103433,103434,103436,103438,103440,103442,103444,103446,103448,103450,103452,103454,103456,103458,103460,103462],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,103435,36273],{"class":42},[36,103437,47],{"class":46},[36,103439,51],{"class":50},[36,103441,88],{"class":87},[36,103443,92],{"class":91},[36,103445,88],{"class":87},[36,103447,58],{"class":50},[36,103449,99],{"class":87},[36,103451,102],{"class":91},[36,103453,88],{"class":87},[36,103455,58],{"class":50},[36,103457,99],{"class":87},[36,103459,1005],{"class":91},[36,103461,88],{"class":87},[36,103463,69],{"class":50},[36,103465,103466],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,103467,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,103469,103470,103472,103474,103476,103478,103480,103482,103484],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,103471,142],{"class":141},[36,103473,145],{"class":50},[36,103475,88],{"class":87},[36,103477,11594],{"class":91},[36,103479,88],{"class":87},[36,103481,58],{"class":50},[36,103483,52890],{"class":148},[36,103485,152],{"class":50},[36,103487,103488],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,103489,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,103491,103492,103494,103496,103498,103500,103502,103504,103506],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,103493,36325],{"class":42},[36,103495,303],{"class":50},[36,103497,102772],{"class":148},[36,103499,145],{"class":50},[36,103501,88],{"class":87},[36,103503,102],{"class":91},[36,103505,88],{"class":87},[36,103507,152],{"class":50},[36,103509,103510],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,103511,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,103513,103514,103516,103518,103520,103522,103524,103526,103528],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,103515,142],{"class":141},[36,103517,145],{"class":50},[36,103519,88],{"class":87},[36,103521,11634],{"class":91},[36,103523,88],{"class":87},[36,103525,58],{"class":50},[36,103527,52890],{"class":148},[36,103529,152],{"class":50},[14,103531,182],{},[26,103533,103535],{"className":28,"code":103534,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[33,103536,103537,103569],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,103538,103539,103541,103543,103545,103547,103549,103551,103553,103555,103557,103559,103561,103563,103565,103567],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,103540,11654],{"class":42},[36,103542,1213],{"class":50},[36,103544,51],{"class":50},[36,103546,211],{"class":87},[36,103548,102],{"class":91},[36,103550,211],{"class":87},[36,103552,58],{"class":50},[36,103554,220],{"class":87},[36,103556,92],{"class":91},[36,103558,211],{"class":87},[36,103560,58],{"class":50},[36,103562,220],{"class":87},[36,103564,1005],{"class":91},[36,103566,211],{"class":87},[36,103568,69],{"class":50},[36,103570,103571,103573,103575,103577,103579,103581,103583,103585,103587,103589,103591],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,103572,11707],{"class":42},[36,103574,1213],{"class":50},[36,103576,51],{"class":50},[36,103578,211],{"class":87},[36,103580,92],{"class":91},[36,103582,211],{"class":87},[36,103584,58],{"class":50},[36,103586,220],{"class":87},[36,103588,1005],{"class":91},[36,103590,211],{"class":87},[36,103592,69],{"class":50},[14,103594,103595],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[21,103597,103599],{"id":103598},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[14,103601,103602,103603,103605],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[33,103604,102705],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[26,103607,103609],{"className":28,"code":103608,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[33,103610,103611,103643,103647,103665,103669],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,103612,103613,103615,103617,103619,103621,103623,103625,103627,103629,103631,103633,103635,103637,103639,103641],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,103614,36273],{"class":42},[36,103616,47],{"class":46},[36,103618,51],{"class":50},[36,103620,88],{"class":87},[36,103622,92],{"class":91},[36,103624,88],{"class":87},[36,103626,58],{"class":50},[36,103628,99],{"class":87},[36,103630,102],{"class":91},[36,103632,88],{"class":87},[36,103634,58],{"class":50},[36,103636,99],{"class":87},[36,103638,1005],{"class":91},[36,103640,88],{"class":87},[36,103642,69],{"class":50},[36,103644,103645],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,103646,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,103648,103649,103651,103653,103655,103657,103659,103661,103663],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,103650,36325],{"class":42},[36,103652,303],{"class":50},[36,103654,102772],{"class":148},[36,103656,145],{"class":50},[36,103658,88],{"class":87},[36,103660,22565],{"class":91},[36,103662,88],{"class":87},[36,103664,152],{"class":50},[36,103666,103667],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,103668,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,103670,103671,103673,103675,103677],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,103672,142],{"class":141},[36,103674,145],{"class":50},[36,103676,36325],{"class":148},[36,103678,152],{"class":50},[14,103680,182],{},[26,103682,103684],{"className":28,"code":103683,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[33,103685,103686],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,103687,103688,103690,103692,103694,103696,103698,103700,103702,103704,103706,103708,103710,103712],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,103689,192],{"class":50},[36,103691,211],{"class":87},[36,103693,102],{"class":91},[36,103695,211],{"class":87},[36,103697,58],{"class":50},[36,103699,220],{"class":87},[36,103701,92],{"class":91},[36,103703,211],{"class":87},[36,103705,58],{"class":50},[36,103707,220],{"class":87},[36,103709,1005],{"class":91},[36,103711,211],{"class":87},[36,103713,69],{"class":50},[14,103715,103716],{},"No error happens here.",[14,103718,103719],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[26,103721,103723],{"className":28,"code":103722,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[33,103724,103725,103741],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,103726,103727,103729,103731,103733,103735,103737,103739],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,103728,7037],{"class":3917},[36,103730,99],{"class":87},[36,103732,22565],{"class":91},[36,103734,88],{"class":87},[36,103736,21205],{"class":46},[36,103738,52890],{"class":42},[36,103740,6433],{"class":50},[36,103742,103743,103746,103748,103750,103752,103754,103756,103758],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,103744,103745],{"class":42},"    fruits",[36,103747,303],{"class":50},[36,103749,34829],{"class":148},[36,103751,145],{"class":50},[36,103753,88],{"class":87},[36,103755,22565],{"class":91},[36,103757,88],{"class":87},[36,103759,152],{"class":50},[14,103761,103762,103763,103765],{},"With ",[33,103764,102705],{},", you can simply write:",[26,103767,103769],{"className":28,"code":103768,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[33,103770,103771],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,103772,103773,103775,103777,103779,103781,103783,103785,103787],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,103774,36325],{"class":42},[36,103776,303],{"class":50},[36,103778,102772],{"class":148},[36,103780,145],{"class":50},[36,103782,88],{"class":87},[36,103784,22565],{"class":91},[36,103786,88],{"class":87},[36,103788,152],{"class":50},[21,103790,5000,103792],{"id":103791},"when-to-use-discard",[33,103793,102705],{},[14,103795,495,103796,10631],{},[33,103797,102705],{},[246,103799,103800,103803,103806],{},[249,103801,103802],{},"Missing values are normal",[249,103804,103805],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[249,103807,103808],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[14,103810,103811],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[21,103813,1455],{"id":1454},[14,103815,8483,103816,303],{},[33,103817,102705],{},[376,103819,8489,103821,103823],{"id":103820},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[33,103822,102705],{}," to return the changed set",[14,103825,4564],{},[26,103827,103829],{"className":28,"code":103828,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,103830,103831,103851,103869,103873],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,103832,103833,103835,103837,103839,103841,103843,103845,103847,103849],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,103834,43],{"class":42},[36,103836,47],{"class":46},[36,103838,51],{"class":50},[36,103840,55],{"class":54},[36,103842,58],{"class":50},[36,103844,61],{"class":54},[36,103846,58],{"class":50},[36,103848,66],{"class":54},[36,103850,69],{"class":50},[36,103852,103853,103855,103857,103859,103861,103863,103865,103867],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,103854,43],{"class":42},[36,103856,47],{"class":46},[36,103858,4301],{"class":42},[36,103860,303],{"class":50},[36,103862,102772],{"class":148},[36,103864,145],{"class":50},[36,103866,481],{"class":54},[36,103868,152],{"class":50},[36,103870,103871],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,103872,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,103874,103875,103877,103879,103881],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,103876,142],{"class":141},[36,103878,145],{"class":50},[36,103880,149],{"class":148},[36,103882,152],{"class":50},[14,103884,103885,42192,103887,8638,103889,2448,103891,303],{},[33,103886,149],{},[33,103888,3822],{},[33,103890,102705],{},[33,103892,3822],{},[14,103894,18872],{},[26,103896,103898],{"className":28,"code":103897,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,103899,103900,103920,103934,103938],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,103901,103902,103904,103906,103908,103910,103912,103914,103916,103918],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,103903,43],{"class":42},[36,103905,47],{"class":46},[36,103907,51],{"class":50},[36,103909,55],{"class":54},[36,103911,58],{"class":50},[36,103913,61],{"class":54},[36,103915,58],{"class":50},[36,103917,66],{"class":54},[36,103919,69],{"class":50},[36,103921,103922,103924,103926,103928,103930,103932],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,103923,149],{"class":42},[36,103925,303],{"class":50},[36,103927,102772],{"class":148},[36,103929,145],{"class":50},[36,103931,481],{"class":54},[36,103933,152],{"class":50},[36,103935,103936],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,103937,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,103939,103940,103942,103944,103946],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,103941,142],{"class":141},[36,103943,145],{"class":50},[36,103945,149],{"class":148},[36,103947,152],{"class":50},[376,103949,37239,103951,8741,103953],{"id":103950},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[33,103952,102705],{},[33,103954,55568],{},[14,103956,103957,103958,303],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[33,103959,102705],{},[26,103961,103963],{"className":28,"code":103962,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[33,103964,103965,103997,104018],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,103966,103967,103969,103971,103973,103975,103977,103979,103981,103983,103985,103987,103989,103991,103993,103995],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,103968,697],{"class":42},[36,103970,47],{"class":46},[36,103972,51],{"class":50},[36,103974,88],{"class":87},[36,103976,294],{"class":91},[36,103978,88],{"class":87},[36,103980,58],{"class":50},[36,103982,99],{"class":87},[36,103984,1707],{"class":91},[36,103986,88],{"class":87},[36,103988,58],{"class":50},[36,103990,99],{"class":87},[36,103992,9770],{"class":91},[36,103994,88],{"class":87},[36,103996,69],{"class":50},[36,103998,103999,104001,104003,104005,104007,104009,104011,104013,104015],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,104000,721],{"class":42},[36,104002,303],{"class":50},[36,104004,102772],{"class":148},[36,104006,145],{"class":50},[36,104008,88],{"class":87},[36,104010,22109],{"class":91},[36,104012,88],{"class":87},[36,104014,3703],{"class":50},[36,104016,104017],{"class":1617},"   # safe\n",[36,104019,104020,104022,104024,104026],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,104021,142],{"class":141},[36,104023,145],{"class":50},[36,104025,721],{"class":148},[36,104027,152],{"class":50},[14,104029,104030,104031,45946,104034,303],{},"If you use ",[33,104032,104033],{},"remove(\"z\")",[33,104035,19719],{},[376,104037,25650,104039,104041],{"id":104038},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[33,104040,102705],{}," on a list instead of a set",[14,104043,104044,102058],{},[33,104045,102705],{},[14,104047,16673],{},[26,104049,104051],{"className":28,"code":104050,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[33,104052,104053,104073],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,104054,104055,104057,104059,104061,104063,104065,104067,104069,104071],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,104056,1328],{"class":42},[36,104058,47],{"class":46},[36,104060,1333],{"class":50},[36,104062,55],{"class":54},[36,104064,58],{"class":50},[36,104066,61],{"class":54},[36,104068,58],{"class":50},[36,104070,66],{"class":54},[36,104072,1355],{"class":50},[36,104074,104075,104077,104079,104081,104083,104085],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,104076,1369],{"class":42},[36,104078,303],{"class":50},[36,104080,102772],{"class":148},[36,104082,145],{"class":50},[36,104084,481],{"class":54},[36,104086,152],{"class":50},[14,104088,104089,104090,1213],{},"Use a set if you need ",[33,104091,102705],{},[26,104093,104095],{"className":28,"code":104094,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[33,104096,104097,104117,104131],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,104098,104099,104101,104103,104105,104107,104109,104111,104113,104115],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,104100,1328],{"class":42},[36,104102,47],{"class":46},[36,104104,51],{"class":50},[36,104106,55],{"class":54},[36,104108,58],{"class":50},[36,104110,61],{"class":54},[36,104112,58],{"class":50},[36,104114,66],{"class":54},[36,104116,69],{"class":50},[36,104118,104119,104121,104123,104125,104127,104129],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,104120,1369],{"class":42},[36,104122,303],{"class":50},[36,104124,102772],{"class":148},[36,104126,145],{"class":50},[36,104128,481],{"class":54},[36,104130,152],{"class":50},[36,104132,104133,104135,104137,104139],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,104134,142],{"class":141},[36,104136,145],{"class":50},[36,104138,1369],{"class":148},[36,104140,152],{"class":50},[376,104142,104144],{"id":104143},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[14,104146,104147],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[14,104149,2886],{},[26,104151,104153],{"className":28,"code":104152,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[33,104154,104155,104175],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,104156,104157,104159,104161,104163,104165,104167,104169,104171,104173],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,104158,9200],{"class":42},[36,104160,47],{"class":46},[36,104162,51],{"class":50},[36,104164,55],{"class":54},[36,104166,58],{"class":50},[36,104168,61],{"class":54},[36,104170,58],{"class":50},[36,104172,66],{"class":54},[36,104174,69],{"class":50},[36,104176,104177,104179,104181,104183,104185,104187],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,104178,9239],{"class":42},[36,104180,303],{"class":50},[36,104182,102772],{"class":148},[36,104184,84],{"class":50},[36,104186,481],{"class":54},[36,104188,115],{"class":50},[14,104190,104191],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[21,104193,8906],{"id":8905},[14,104195,8909,104196,104198],{},[33,104197,102705],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[26,104200,104202],{"className":28,"code":104201,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[33,104203,104204,104214,104228,104242],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,104205,104206,104208,104210,104212],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,104207,142],{"class":141},[36,104209,145],{"class":50},[36,104211,1732],{"class":148},[36,104213,152],{"class":50},[36,104215,104216,104218,104220,104222,104224,104226],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,104217,142],{"class":141},[36,104219,145],{"class":50},[36,104221,818],{"class":80},[36,104223,145],{"class":50},[36,104225,1732],{"class":148},[36,104227,445],{"class":50},[36,104229,104230,104232,104234,104236,104238,104240],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,104231,142],{"class":141},[36,104233,145],{"class":50},[36,104235,1478],{"class":148},[36,104237,3924],{"class":3917},[36,104239,96952],{"class":148},[36,104241,152],{"class":50},[36,104243,104244,104246,104248,104250,104252,104254],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,104245,32186],{"class":141},[36,104247,145],{"class":50},[36,104249,231],{"class":80},[36,104251,303],{"class":50},[36,104253,102772],{"class":24783},[36,104255,152],{"class":50},[14,104257,11200],{},[246,104259,104260,104263,104266,104269],{},[249,104261,104262],{},"What is currently in the set",[249,104264,104265],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[249,104267,104268],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[249,104270,104271],{},"How Python documents the method",[21,104273,1872],{"id":1871},[376,104275,104277],{"id":104276},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[14,104279,104280,104281,104283],{},"Nothing happens. ",[33,104282,102705],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[376,104285,5182,104287,12747],{"id":104286},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[33,104288,102710],{},[14,104290,5188,104291,104293],{},[33,104292,3822],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[376,104295,5220,104297,482,104299,2541],{"id":104296},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[33,104298,102705],{},[33,104300,55568],{},[14,104302,104303,104304,26572,104306,104308,104309,104311],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[33,104305,55568],{},[33,104307,19719],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[33,104310,102705],{}," does not.",[376,104313,28363,104315,104317],{"id":104314},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[33,104316,102705],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[14,104319,46403,104320,104322],{},[33,104321,102705],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[21,104324,1923],{"id":1922},[246,104326,104327,104333,104339,104344,104348],{},[249,104328,104329],{},[294,104330,96842,104331,1939],{"href":98231},[33,104332,55568],{},[249,104334,104335],{},[294,104336,96842,104337,1939],{"href":98236},[33,104338,12794],{},[249,104340,104341],{},[294,104342,104343],{"href":97905},"Python set: creating a set",[249,104345,104346],{},[294,104347,1957],{"href":301},[249,104349,104350],{},[294,104351,11292],{"href":11104},[1962,104353,104354],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":104356},[104357,104358,104360,104363,104368,104369,104370,104371,104373,104382,104383,104392],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":102882,"depth":72,"text":104359},"What set.discard() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205,"children":104361},[104362],{"id":102955,"depth":118,"text":102956},{"id":103035,"depth":72,"text":104364,"children":104365},"What makes discard() different",[104366],{"id":103074,"depth":118,"text":104367},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103227,"depth":72,"text":103228},{"id":11504,"depth":72,"text":11505},{"id":103598,"depth":72,"text":103599},{"id":103791,"depth":72,"text":104372},"When to use discard()",{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455,"children":104374},[104375,104377,104379,104381],{"id":103820,"depth":118,"text":104376},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103950,"depth":118,"text":104378},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104038,"depth":118,"text":104380},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104143,"depth":118,"text":104144},{"id":8905,"depth":72,"text":8906},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":104384},[104385,104386,104388,104390],{"id":104276,"depth":118,"text":104277},{"id":104286,"depth":118,"text":104387},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104296,"depth":118,"text":104389},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104314,"depth":118,"text":104391},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102697,"description":104393},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104400,"title":104401,"body":104402,"description":106408,"extension":2009,"meta":106409,"navigation":134,"path":106410,"seo":106411,"stem":106412,"__hash__":106413},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104403,"toc":106366},[104404,104407,104415,104420,104431,104433,104488,104492,104512,104517,104521,104526,104528,104542,104544,104619,104621,104654,104659,104664,104666,104668,104683,104686,104694,104699,104714,104716,104805,104807,104896,104902,104906,104908,104946,104948,104972,104975,104990,104992,105047,105049,105082,105084,105089,105093,105097,105102,105167,105169,105189,105195,105199,105256,105258,105279,105283,105288,105333,105335,105368,105371,105375,105408,105410,105439,105443,105447,105450,105452,105471,105473,105519,105524,105538,105540,105571,105576,105579,105623,105625,105653,105657,105661,105677,105680,105745,105747,105759,105762,105766,105769,105774,105802,105804,105822,105828,105867,105869,105887,105893,105922,105924,105942,105945,105962,105964,105969,105973,105976,106002,106009,106014,106029,106038,106042,106045,106076,106082,106085,106094,106097,106099,106101,106159,106162,106187,106189,106193,106196,106200,106208,106212,106215,106219,106222,106224,106247,106249,106290,106297,106305,106308,106339,106341,106363],[10,104405,104401],{"id":104406},"python-set-function-explained",[14,104408,9157,104409,104411,104412,303],{},[33,104410,239],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[180,104413,104414],{},"unique values only",[14,104416,35441,104417,104419],{},[33,104418,239],{}," to:",[246,104421,104422,104425,104428],{},[249,104423,104424],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[249,104426,104427],{},"check whether a value exists",[249,104429,104430],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[21,104432,2051],{"id":2050},[26,104434,104436],{"className":28,"code":104435,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[33,104437,104438,104462,104477],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,104439,104440,104442,104444,104446,104448,104450,104452,104454,104456,104458,104460],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,104441,43],{"class":42},[36,104443,47],{"class":46},[36,104445,1333],{"class":50},[36,104447,55],{"class":54},[36,104449,58],{"class":50},[36,104451,61],{"class":54},[36,104453,58],{"class":50},[36,104455,61],{"class":54},[36,104457,58],{"class":50},[36,104459,66],{"class":54},[36,104461,1355],{"class":50},[36,104463,104464,104467,104469,104471,104473,104475],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,104465,104466],{"class":42},"unique_numbers ",[36,104468,47],{"class":46},[36,104470,81],{"class":80},[36,104472,145],{"class":50},[36,104474,149],{"class":148},[36,104476,152],{"class":50},[36,104478,104479,104481,104483,104486],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,104480,142],{"class":141},[36,104482,145],{"class":50},[36,104484,104485],{"class":148},"unique_numbers",[36,104487,152],{"class":50},[14,104489,104490],{},[180,104491,182],{},[26,104493,104494],{"className":28,"code":353,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,104495,104496],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,104497,104498,104500,104502,104504,104506,104508,104510],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,104499,192],{"class":50},[36,104501,55],{"class":54},[36,104503,58],{"class":50},[36,104505,61],{"class":54},[36,104507,58],{"class":50},[36,104509,66],{"class":54},[36,104511,69],{"class":50},[14,104513,495,104514,104516],{},[33,104515,239],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[21,104518,104520],{"id":104519},"what-set-does","What set() does",[14,104522,104523,104525],{},[33,104524,239],{}," creates a new set object.",[14,104527,275],{},[246,104529,104530,104533,104536,104539],{},[249,104531,104532],{},"A set stores unique items only",[249,104534,104535],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[249,104537,104538],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[249,104540,104541],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[14,104543,2257],{},[26,104545,104547],{"className":28,"code":104546,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[33,104548,104549,104589,104604,104608],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,104550,104551,104553,104555,104557,104559,104561,104563,104565,104567,104569,104571,104573,104575,104577,104579,104581,104583,104585,104587],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,104552,13108],{"class":42},[36,104554,47],{"class":46},[36,104556,1333],{"class":50},[36,104558,88],{"class":87},[36,104560,13125],{"class":91},[36,104562,88],{"class":87},[36,104564,58],{"class":50},[36,104566,99],{"class":87},[36,104568,13142],{"class":91},[36,104570,88],{"class":87},[36,104572,58],{"class":50},[36,104574,99],{"class":87},[36,104576,13125],{"class":91},[36,104578,88],{"class":87},[36,104580,58],{"class":50},[36,104582,99],{"class":87},[36,104584,17486],{"class":91},[36,104586,88],{"class":87},[36,104588,1355],{"class":50},[36,104590,104591,104594,104596,104598,104600,104602],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,104592,104593],{"class":42},"unique_colors ",[36,104595,47],{"class":46},[36,104597,81],{"class":80},[36,104599,145],{"class":50},[36,104601,17533],{"class":148},[36,104603,152],{"class":50},[36,104605,104606],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,104607,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,104609,104610,104612,104614,104617],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,104611,142],{"class":141},[36,104613,145],{"class":50},[36,104615,104616],{"class":148},"unique_colors",[36,104618,152],{"class":50},[14,104620,350],{},[26,104622,104624],{"className":28,"code":104623,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[33,104625,104626],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,104627,104628,104630,104632,104634,104636,104638,104640,104642,104644,104646,104648,104650,104652],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,104629,192],{"class":50},[36,104631,211],{"class":87},[36,104633,13142],{"class":91},[36,104635,211],{"class":87},[36,104637,58],{"class":50},[36,104639,220],{"class":87},[36,104641,17486],{"class":91},[36,104643,211],{"class":87},[36,104645,58],{"class":50},[36,104647,220],{"class":87},[36,104649,13125],{"class":91},[36,104651,211],{"class":87},[36,104653,69],{"class":50},[14,104655,2337,104656,104658],{},[33,104657,65428],{}," appears only once.",[14,104660,104661,104662,303],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[294,104663,297],{"href":96360},[21,104665,2205],{"id":2204},[14,104667,2208],{},[26,104669,104671],{"className":28,"code":104670,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"set(iterable)\n",[33,104672,104673],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,104674,104675,104677,104679,104681],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,104676,231],{"class":80},[36,104678,145],{"class":50},[36,104680,3764],{"class":148},[36,104682,152],{"class":50},[14,104684,104685],{},"The argument is optional.",[246,104687,104688,104691],{},[249,104689,104690],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[249,104692,104693],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[14,104695,104696,104697,1213],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[33,104698,239],{},[246,104700,104701,104703,104705,104707,104711],{},[249,104702,1225],{},[249,104704,48991],{},[249,104706,61209],{},[249,104708,104709],{},[33,104710,517],{},[249,104712,104713],{},"another set",[14,104715,2172],{},[26,104717,104719],{"className":28,"code":104718,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[33,104720,104721,104747,104769,104787],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,104722,104723,104725,104727,104729,104731,104733,104735,104737,104739,104741,104743,104745],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,104724,142],{"class":141},[36,104726,145],{"class":50},[36,104728,231],{"class":80},[36,104730,84],{"class":50},[36,104732,55],{"class":54},[36,104734,58],{"class":50},[36,104736,61],{"class":54},[36,104738,58],{"class":50},[36,104740,61],{"class":54},[36,104742,58],{"class":50},[36,104744,66],{"class":54},[36,104746,3047],{"class":50},[36,104748,104749,104751,104753,104755,104757,104759,104761,104763,104765,104767],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,104750,142],{"class":141},[36,104752,145],{"class":50},[36,104754,231],{"class":80},[36,104756,628],{"class":50},[36,104758,631],{"class":54},[36,104760,58],{"class":50},[36,104762,636],{"class":54},[36,104764,58],{"class":50},[36,104766,6044],{"class":54},[36,104768,2961],{"class":50},[36,104770,104771,104773,104775,104777,104779,104781,104783,104785],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,104772,142],{"class":141},[36,104774,145],{"class":50},[36,104776,231],{"class":80},[36,104778,145],{"class":50},[36,104780,88],{"class":87},[36,104782,708],{"class":91},[36,104784,88],{"class":87},[36,104786,445],{"class":50},[36,104788,104789,104791,104793,104795,104797,104799,104801,104803],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,104790,142],{"class":141},[36,104792,145],{"class":50},[36,104794,231],{"class":80},[36,104796,145],{"class":50},[36,104798,60037],{"class":141},[36,104800,145],{"class":50},[36,104802,2554],{"class":54},[36,104804,2961],{"class":50},[14,104806,350],{},[26,104808,104810],{"className":28,"code":104809,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[33,104811,104812,104828,104840,104876],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,104813,104814,104816,104818,104820,104822,104824,104826],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,104815,192],{"class":50},[36,104817,55],{"class":54},[36,104819,58],{"class":50},[36,104821,61],{"class":54},[36,104823,58],{"class":50},[36,104825,66],{"class":54},[36,104827,69],{"class":50},[36,104829,104830,104832,104834,104836,104838],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,104831,192],{"class":50},[36,104833,631],{"class":54},[36,104835,58],{"class":50},[36,104837,636],{"class":54},[36,104839,69],{"class":50},[36,104841,104842,104844,104846,104848,104850,104852,104854,104856,104858,104860,104862,104864,104866,104868,104870,104872,104874],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,104843,192],{"class":50},[36,104845,211],{"class":87},[36,104847,741],{"class":91},[36,104849,211],{"class":87},[36,104851,58],{"class":50},[36,104853,220],{"class":87},[36,104855,750],{"class":91},[36,104857,211],{"class":87},[36,104859,58],{"class":50},[36,104861,220],{"class":87},[36,104863,759],{"class":91},[36,104865,211],{"class":87},[36,104867,58],{"class":50},[36,104869,220],{"class":87},[36,104871,768],{"class":91},[36,104873,211],{"class":87},[36,104875,69],{"class":50},[36,104877,104878,104880,104882,104884,104886,104888,104890,104892,104894],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,104879,192],{"class":50},[36,104881,2166],{"class":54},[36,104883,58],{"class":50},[36,104885,1340],{"class":54},[36,104887,58],{"class":50},[36,104889,61],{"class":54},[36,104891,58],{"class":50},[36,104893,66],{"class":54},[36,104895,69],{"class":50},[14,104897,104898,104899,303],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[294,104900,104901],{"href":64883},"Python list() function explained",[21,104903,104905],{"id":104904},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[14,104907,98300],{},[26,104909,104910],{"className":28,"code":787,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,104911,104912,104922,104932],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,104913,104914,104916,104918,104920],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,104915,121],{"class":42},[36,104917,47],{"class":46},[36,104919,81],{"class":80},[36,104921,128],{"class":50},[36,104923,104924,104926,104928,104930],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,104925,142],{"class":141},[36,104927,145],{"class":50},[36,104929,174],{"class":148},[36,104931,152],{"class":50},[36,104933,104934,104936,104938,104940,104942,104944],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,104935,142],{"class":141},[36,104937,145],{"class":50},[36,104939,818],{"class":80},[36,104941,145],{"class":50},[36,104943,174],{"class":148},[36,104945,445],{"class":50},[14,104947,182],{},[26,104949,104950],{"className":28,"code":831,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,104951,104952,104958],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,104953,104954,104956],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,104955,231],{"class":80},[36,104957,128],{"class":50},[36,104959,104960,104962,104964,104966,104968,104970],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,104961,844],{"class":46},[36,104963,848],{"class":847},[36,104965,220],{"class":87},[36,104967,231],{"class":91},[36,104969,211],{"class":87},[36,104971,857],{"class":46},[14,104973,104974],{},"This is important because:",[246,104976,104977,104982],{},[249,104978,104979,104981],{},[33,104980,239],{}," creates an empty set",[249,104983,104984,104986,104987,104989],{},[33,104985,864],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[180,104988,870],{}," a set",[14,104991,2257],{},[26,104993,104995],{"className":28,"code":104994,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[33,104996,104997,105007,105015,105019,105033],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,104998,104999,105001,105003,105005],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,105000,2604],{"class":42},[36,105002,47],{"class":46},[36,105004,81],{"class":80},[36,105006,128],{"class":50},[36,105008,105009,105011,105013],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,105010,2632],{"class":42},[36,105012,47],{"class":46},[36,105014,886],{"class":50},[36,105016,105017],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,105018,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,105020,105021,105023,105025,105027,105029,105031],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,105022,142],{"class":141},[36,105024,145],{"class":50},[36,105026,818],{"class":80},[36,105028,145],{"class":50},[36,105030,294],{"class":148},[36,105032,445],{"class":50},[36,105034,105035,105037,105039,105041,105043,105045],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,105036,142],{"class":141},[36,105038,145],{"class":50},[36,105040,818],{"class":80},[36,105042,145],{"class":50},[36,105044,1707],{"class":148},[36,105046,445],{"class":50},[14,105048,182],{},[26,105050,105052],{"className":28,"code":105051,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[33,105053,105054,105068],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,105055,105056,105058,105060,105062,105064,105066],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,105057,844],{"class":46},[36,105059,848],{"class":847},[36,105061,220],{"class":87},[36,105063,231],{"class":91},[36,105065,211],{"class":87},[36,105067,857],{"class":46},[36,105069,105070,105072,105074,105076,105078,105080],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,105071,844],{"class":46},[36,105073,848],{"class":847},[36,105075,220],{"class":87},[36,105077,936],{"class":91},[36,105079,211],{"class":87},[36,105081,857],{"class":46},[14,105083,14081],{},[14,105085,105086,105087,303],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[294,105088,104343],{"href":2011},[21,105090,105092],{"id":105091},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[376,105094,105096],{"id":105095},"from-a-list","From a list",[14,105098,105099,105100,303],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[33,105101,239],{},[26,105103,105105],{"className":28,"code":105104,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,105106,105107,105139,105153,105157],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,105108,105109,105111,105113,105115,105117,105119,105121,105123,105125,105127,105129,105131,105133,105135,105137],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,105110,43],{"class":42},[36,105112,47],{"class":46},[36,105114,1333],{"class":50},[36,105116,55],{"class":54},[36,105118,58],{"class":50},[36,105120,61],{"class":54},[36,105122,58],{"class":50},[36,105124,61],{"class":54},[36,105126,58],{"class":50},[36,105128,66],{"class":54},[36,105130,58],{"class":50},[36,105132,66],{"class":54},[36,105134,58],{"class":50},[36,105136,66],{"class":54},[36,105138,1355],{"class":50},[36,105140,105141,105143,105145,105147,105149,105151],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,105142,2280],{"class":42},[36,105144,47],{"class":46},[36,105146,81],{"class":80},[36,105148,145],{"class":50},[36,105150,149],{"class":148},[36,105152,152],{"class":50},[36,105154,105155],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,105156,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,105158,105159,105161,105163,105165],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,105160,142],{"class":141},[36,105162,145],{"class":50},[36,105164,2315],{"class":148},[36,105166,152],{"class":50},[14,105168,182],{},[26,105170,105171],{"className":28,"code":353,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,105172,105173],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,105174,105175,105177,105179,105181,105183,105185,105187],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,105176,192],{"class":50},[36,105178,55],{"class":54},[36,105180,58],{"class":50},[36,105182,61],{"class":54},[36,105184,58],{"class":50},[36,105186,66],{"class":54},[36,105188,69],{"class":50},[14,105190,105191,105192,303],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[294,105193,607],{"href":105194},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[376,105196,105198],{"id":105197},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[26,105200,105202],{"className":28,"code":105201,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,105203,105204,105228,105242,105246],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,105205,105206,105208,105210,105212,105214,105216,105218,105220,105222,105224,105226],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,105207,621],{"class":42},[36,105209,47],{"class":46},[36,105211,1131],{"class":50},[36,105213,2183],{"class":54},[36,105215,58],{"class":50},[36,105217,4644],{"class":54},[36,105219,58],{"class":50},[36,105221,6044],{"class":54},[36,105223,58],{"class":50},[36,105225,37972],{"class":54},[36,105227,152],{"class":50},[36,105229,105230,105232,105234,105236,105238,105240],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,105231,2280],{"class":42},[36,105233,47],{"class":46},[36,105235,81],{"class":80},[36,105237,145],{"class":50},[36,105239,656],{"class":148},[36,105241,152],{"class":50},[36,105243,105244],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,105245,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,105247,105248,105250,105252,105254],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,105249,142],{"class":141},[36,105251,145],{"class":50},[36,105253,2315],{"class":148},[36,105255,152],{"class":50},[14,105257,182],{},[26,105259,105261],{"className":28,"code":105260,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[33,105262,105263],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,105264,105265,105267,105269,105271,105273,105275,105277],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,105266,192],{"class":50},[36,105268,2183],{"class":54},[36,105270,58],{"class":50},[36,105272,6044],{"class":54},[36,105274,58],{"class":50},[36,105276,37972],{"class":54},[36,105278,69],{"class":50},[376,105280,105282],{"id":105281},"from-a-string","From a string",[14,105284,51166,105285,105287],{},[33,105286,239],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[26,105289,105291],{"className":28,"code":105290,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,105292,105293,105305,105319,105323],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,105294,105295,105297,105299,105301,105303],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,105296,34722],{"class":42},[36,105298,47],{"class":46},[36,105300,99],{"class":87},[36,105302,102],{"class":91},[36,105304,3403],{"class":87},[36,105306,105307,105309,105311,105313,105315,105317],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,105308,2280],{"class":42},[36,105310,47],{"class":46},[36,105312,81],{"class":80},[36,105314,145],{"class":50},[36,105316,34743],{"class":148},[36,105318,152],{"class":50},[36,105320,105321],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,105322,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,105324,105325,105327,105329,105331],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,105326,142],{"class":141},[36,105328,145],{"class":50},[36,105330,2315],{"class":148},[36,105332,152],{"class":50},[14,105334,350],{},[26,105336,105338],{"className":28,"code":105337,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[33,105339,105340],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,105341,105342,105344,105346,105348,105350,105352,105354,105356,105358,105360,105362,105364,105366],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,105343,192],{"class":50},[36,105345,211],{"class":87},[36,105347,1707],{"class":91},[36,105349,211],{"class":87},[36,105351,58],{"class":50},[36,105353,220],{"class":87},[36,105355,294],{"class":91},[36,105357,211],{"class":87},[36,105359,58],{"class":50},[36,105361,220],{"class":87},[36,105363,76064],{"class":91},[36,105365,211],{"class":87},[36,105367,69],{"class":50},[14,105369,105370],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[376,105372,105374],{"id":105373},"from-range","From range()",[26,105376,105378],{"className":28,"code":105377,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[33,105379,105380,105398],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,105381,105382,105384,105386,105388,105390,105392,105394,105396],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,105383,2280],{"class":42},[36,105385,47],{"class":46},[36,105387,81],{"class":80},[36,105389,145],{"class":50},[36,105391,60037],{"class":141},[36,105393,145],{"class":50},[36,105395,2183],{"class":54},[36,105397,445],{"class":50},[36,105399,105400,105402,105404,105406],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,105401,142],{"class":141},[36,105403,145],{"class":50},[36,105405,2315],{"class":148},[36,105407,152],{"class":50},[14,105409,182],{},[26,105411,105413],{"className":28,"code":105412,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[33,105414,105415],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,105416,105417,105419,105421,105423,105425,105427,105429,105431,105433,105435,105437],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,105418,192],{"class":50},[36,105420,2166],{"class":54},[36,105422,58],{"class":50},[36,105424,1340],{"class":54},[36,105426,58],{"class":50},[36,105428,61],{"class":54},[36,105430,58],{"class":50},[36,105432,66],{"class":54},[36,105434,58],{"class":50},[36,105436,559],{"class":54},[36,105438,69],{"class":50},[21,105440,105442],{"id":105441},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[14,105444,1084,105445,303],{},[180,105446,1087],{},[14,105448,105449],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[14,105451,1091],{},[246,105453,105454,105458,105462,105466],{},[249,105455,105456],{},[33,105457,2237],{},[249,105459,105460],{},[33,105461,3488],{},[249,105463,105464],{},[33,105465,2241],{},[249,105467,105468,105470],{},[33,105469,48991],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[14,105472,2257],{},[26,105474,105476],{"className":28,"code":105475,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[33,105477,105478,105509],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,105479,105480,105482,105484,105486,105488,105490,105492,105494,105496,105498,105500,105502,105504,105506],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,105481,1328],{"class":42},[36,105483,47],{"class":46},[36,105485,51],{"class":50},[36,105487,55],{"class":54},[36,105489,58],{"class":50},[36,105491,99],{"class":87},[36,105493,708],{"class":91},[36,105495,88],{"class":87},[36,105497,58],{"class":50},[36,105499,1131],{"class":50},[36,105501,631],{"class":54},[36,105503,58],{"class":50},[36,105505,636],{"class":54},[36,105507,105508],{"class":50},")}\n",[36,105510,105511,105513,105515,105517],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,105512,142],{"class":141},[36,105514,145],{"class":50},[36,105516,1369],{"class":148},[36,105518,152],{"class":50},[14,105520,1159,105521,105523],{},[180,105522,870],{}," work inside a set:",[246,105525,105526,105530,105534],{},[249,105527,105528],{},[33,105529,1225],{},[249,105531,105532],{},[33,105533,936],{},[249,105535,105536],{},[33,105537,231],{},[14,105539,97122],{},[26,105541,105543],{"className":28,"code":105542,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[33,105544,105545],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,105546,105547,105549,105551,105553,105555,105557,105559,105561,105563,105565,105567,105569],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,105548,1179],{"class":42},[36,105550,47],{"class":46},[36,105552,1184],{"class":50},[36,105554,55],{"class":54},[36,105556,58],{"class":50},[36,105558,61],{"class":54},[36,105560,18093],{"class":50},[36,105562,1333],{"class":50},[36,105564,485],{"class":54},[36,105566,58],{"class":50},[36,105568,559],{"class":54},[36,105570,1197],{"class":50},[14,105572,76892,105573,105575],{},[33,105574,1210],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[14,105577,105578],{},"A safer example:",[26,105580,105582],{"className":28,"code":105581,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[33,105583,105584,105612],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,105585,105586,105589,105591,105594,105596,105598,105600,105602,105604,105606,105608,105610],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,105587,105588],{"class":42},"good_set ",[36,105590,47],{"class":46},[36,105592,105593],{"class":50}," {(",[36,105595,55],{"class":54},[36,105597,58],{"class":50},[36,105599,61],{"class":54},[36,105601,1140],{"class":50},[36,105603,1131],{"class":50},[36,105605,485],{"class":54},[36,105607,58],{"class":50},[36,105609,559],{"class":54},[36,105611,105508],{"class":50},[36,105613,105614,105616,105618,105621],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,105615,142],{"class":141},[36,105617,145],{"class":50},[36,105619,105620],{"class":148},"good_set",[36,105622,152],{"class":50},[14,105624,182],{},[26,105626,105628],{"className":28,"code":105627,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[33,105629,105630],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,105631,105632,105635,105637,105639,105641,105643,105645,105647,105649,105651],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,105633,105634],{"class":50},"{(",[36,105636,55],{"class":54},[36,105638,58],{"class":50},[36,105640,61],{"class":54},[36,105642,1140],{"class":50},[36,105644,1131],{"class":50},[36,105646,485],{"class":54},[36,105648,58],{"class":50},[36,105650,559],{"class":54},[36,105652,105508],{"class":50},[21,105654,105656],{"id":105655},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[14,105658,495,105659,10631],{},[33,105660,239],{},[246,105662,105663,105666,105671,105674],{},[249,105664,105665],{},"you need unique values only",[249,105667,105668,105669],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[33,105670,3924],{},[249,105672,105673],{},"order does not matter",[249,105675,105676],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[14,105678,105679],{},"Example of membership checking:",[26,105681,105683],{"className":28,"code":105682,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[33,105684,105685,105710,105714,105730],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,105686,105687,105690,105692,105694,105696,105698,105700,105703,105705,105708],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,105688,105689],{"class":42},"allowed_ids ",[36,105691,47],{"class":46},[36,105693,81],{"class":80},[36,105695,84],{"class":50},[36,105697,46630],{"class":54},[36,105699,58],{"class":50},[36,105701,105702],{"class":54}," 102",[36,105704,58],{"class":50},[36,105706,105707],{"class":54}," 103",[36,105709,115],{"class":50},[36,105711,105712],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,105713,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,105715,105716,105718,105720,105723,105725,105728],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,105717,142],{"class":141},[36,105719,145],{"class":50},[36,105721,105722],{"class":54},"102",[36,105724,21205],{"class":3917},[36,105726,105727],{"class":148}," allowed_ids",[36,105729,152],{"class":50},[36,105731,105732,105734,105736,105739,105741,105743],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,105733,142],{"class":141},[36,105735,145],{"class":50},[36,105737,105738],{"class":54},"999",[36,105740,21205],{"class":3917},[36,105742,105727],{"class":148},[36,105744,152],{"class":50},[14,105746,182],{},[26,105748,105749],{"className":28,"code":44212,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,105750,105751,105755],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,105752,105753],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,105754,4020],{"class":1143},[36,105756,105757],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,105758,4081],{"class":1143},[14,105760,105761],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[21,105763,105765],{"id":105764},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[14,105767,105768],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[376,105770,495,105772,98244],{"id":105771},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[33,105773,239],{},[26,105775,105776],{"className":28,"code":98303,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,105777,105778,105788],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,105779,105780,105782,105784,105786],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,105781,121],{"class":42},[36,105783,47],{"class":46},[36,105785,81],{"class":80},[36,105787,128],{"class":50},[36,105789,105790,105792,105794,105796,105798,105800],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,105791,142],{"class":141},[36,105793,145],{"class":50},[36,105795,818],{"class":80},[36,105797,145],{"class":50},[36,105799,174],{"class":148},[36,105801,445],{"class":50},[14,105803,182],{},[26,105805,105806],{"className":28,"code":8886,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,105807,105808],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,105809,105810,105812,105814,105816,105818,105820],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,105811,844],{"class":46},[36,105813,848],{"class":847},[36,105815,220],{"class":87},[36,105817,231],{"class":91},[36,105819,211],{"class":87},[36,105821,857],{"class":46},[376,105823,495,105825,105827],{"id":105824},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[33,105826,1882],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[26,105829,105831],{"className":28,"code":105830,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[33,105832,105833,105853],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,105834,105835,105837,105839,105841,105843,105845,105847,105849,105851],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,105836,43],{"class":42},[36,105838,47],{"class":46},[36,105840,51],{"class":50},[36,105842,55],{"class":54},[36,105844,58],{"class":50},[36,105846,61],{"class":54},[36,105848,58],{"class":50},[36,105850,66],{"class":54},[36,105852,69],{"class":50},[36,105854,105855,105857,105859,105861,105863,105865],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,105856,142],{"class":141},[36,105858,145],{"class":50},[36,105860,818],{"class":80},[36,105862,145],{"class":50},[36,105864,149],{"class":148},[36,105866,445],{"class":50},[14,105868,182],{},[26,105870,105871],{"className":28,"code":8886,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,105872,105873],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,105874,105875,105877,105879,105881,105883,105885],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,105876,844],{"class":46},[36,105878,848],{"class":847},[36,105880,220],{"class":87},[36,105882,231],{"class":91},[36,105884,211],{"class":87},[36,105886,857],{"class":46},[376,105888,495,105890,105892],{"id":105889},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[33,105891,864],{}," for an empty dictionary",[26,105894,105896],{"className":28,"code":105895,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[33,105897,105898,105907],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,105899,105900,105903,105905],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,105901,105902],{"class":42},"empty_dict ",[36,105904,47],{"class":46},[36,105906,886],{"class":50},[36,105908,105909,105911,105913,105915,105917,105920],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,105910,142],{"class":141},[36,105912,145],{"class":50},[36,105914,818],{"class":80},[36,105916,145],{"class":50},[36,105918,105919],{"class":148},"empty_dict",[36,105921,445],{"class":50},[14,105923,182],{},[26,105925,105926],{"className":28,"code":1503,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,105927,105928],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,105929,105930,105932,105934,105936,105938,105940],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,105931,844],{"class":46},[36,105933,848],{"class":847},[36,105935,220],{"class":87},[36,105937,936],{"class":91},[36,105939,211],{"class":87},[36,105941,857],{"class":46},[14,105943,105944],{},"So the rule is simple:",[246,105946,105947,105952,105957],{},[249,105948,105949,105951],{},[33,105950,239],{}," → empty set",[249,105953,105954,105956],{},[33,105955,1882],{}," → non-empty set",[249,105958,105959,105961],{},[33,105960,864],{}," → empty dictionary",[21,105963,1455],{"id":1454},[14,105965,105966,105967,303],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[33,105968,239],{},[376,105970,1462,105971,1465],{"id":1461},[33,105972,864],{},[14,105974,105975],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[26,105977,105978],{"className":28,"code":1471,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,105979,105980,105988],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,105981,105982,105984,105986],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,105983,1478],{"class":42},[36,105985,47],{"class":46},[36,105987,886],{"class":50},[36,105989,105990,105992,105994,105996,105998,106000],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,105991,142],{"class":141},[36,105993,145],{"class":50},[36,105995,818],{"class":80},[36,105997,145],{"class":50},[36,105999,1495],{"class":148},[36,106001,445],{"class":50},[376,106003,106005,106006],{"id":106004},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[33,106007,106008],{},"set(5)",[14,106010,106011,106013],{},[33,106012,239],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[26,106015,106017],{"className":28,"code":106016,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"set(5)\n",[33,106018,106019],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,106020,106021,106023,106025,106027],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,106022,231],{"class":80},[36,106024,145],{"class":50},[36,106026,2183],{"class":54},[36,106028,152],{"class":50},[14,106030,3050,106031,106033,106034,303],{},[33,106032,1210],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[294,106035,106037],{"href":106036},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[376,106039,106041],{"id":106040},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[14,106043,106044],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[26,106046,106048],{"className":28,"code":106047,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[33,106049,106050],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,106051,106052,106054,106056,106058,106060,106062,106064,106066,106068,106070,106072,106074],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,106053,1478],{"class":42},[36,106055,47],{"class":46},[36,106057,1184],{"class":50},[36,106059,55],{"class":54},[36,106061,58],{"class":50},[36,106063,61],{"class":54},[36,106065,18093],{"class":50},[36,106067,1333],{"class":50},[36,106069,485],{"class":54},[36,106071,58],{"class":50},[36,106073,559],{"class":54},[36,106075,1197],{"class":50},[376,106077,8489,106079,106081],{"id":106078},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[33,106080,239],{}," to keep the original order",[14,106083,106084],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[376,106086,37239,106088,8741,106090,298,106092],{"id":106087},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[33,106089,239],{},[33,106091,24814],{},[33,106093,9154],{},[14,106095,106096],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[21,106098,60745],{"id":60744},[14,106100,11143],{},[26,106102,106104],{"className":28,"code":106103,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[33,106105,106106,106121,106131,106145],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,106107,106108,106110,106112,106114,106116,106119],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,106109,142],{"class":141},[36,106111,145],{"class":50},[36,106113,818],{"class":80},[36,106115,145],{"class":50},[36,106117,106118],{"class":148},"my_value",[36,106120,445],{"class":50},[36,106122,106123,106125,106127,106129],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,106124,142],{"class":141},[36,106126,145],{"class":50},[36,106128,106118],{"class":148},[36,106130,152],{"class":50},[36,106132,106133,106135,106137,106139,106141,106143],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,106134,142],{"class":141},[36,106136,145],{"class":50},[36,106138,1225],{"class":80},[36,106140,145],{"class":50},[36,106142,1732],{"class":148},[36,106144,445],{"class":50},[36,106146,106147,106149,106151,106153,106155,106157],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,106148,142],{"class":141},[36,106150,145],{"class":50},[36,106152,438],{"class":141},[36,106154,145],{"class":50},[36,106156,1732],{"class":148},[36,106158,445],{"class":50},[14,106160,106161],{},"What they help you see:",[246,106163,106164,106170,106175,106181],{},[249,106165,106166,106169],{},[33,106167,106168],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[249,106171,106172,90583],{},[33,106173,106174],{},"print(my_value)",[249,106176,106177,106180],{},[33,106178,106179],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[249,106182,106183,106186],{},[33,106184,106185],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[21,106188,1872],{"id":1871},[376,106190,106192],{"id":106191},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[14,106194,106195],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[376,106197,106199],{"id":106198},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[14,106201,495,106202,106204,106205,106207],{},[33,106203,239],{},". Do not use ",[33,106206,864],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[376,106209,106211],{"id":106210},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[14,106213,106214],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[376,106216,106218],{"id":106217},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[14,106220,106221],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[14,106223,2257],{},[26,106225,106227],{"className":28,"code":106226,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[33,106228,106229],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,106230,106231,106233,106235,106237,106239,106241,106243,106245],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,106232,142],{"class":141},[36,106234,145],{"class":50},[36,106236,231],{"class":80},[36,106238,145],{"class":50},[36,106240,88],{"class":87},[36,106242,92],{"class":91},[36,106244,88],{"class":87},[36,106246,445],{"class":50},[14,106248,350],{},[26,106250,106252],{"className":28,"code":106251,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[33,106253,106254],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,106255,106256,106258,106260,106262,106264,106266,106268,106270,106272,106274,106276,106278,106280,106282,106284,106286,106288],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,106257,192],{"class":50},[36,106259,211],{"class":87},[36,106261,294],{"class":91},[36,106263,211],{"class":87},[36,106265,58],{"class":50},[36,106267,220],{"class":87},[36,106269,14],{"class":91},[36,106271,211],{"class":87},[36,106273,58],{"class":50},[36,106275,220],{"class":87},[36,106277,759],{"class":91},[36,106279,211],{"class":87},[36,106281,58],{"class":50},[36,106283,220],{"class":87},[36,106285,750],{"class":91},[36,106287,211],{"class":87},[36,106289,69],{"class":50},[376,106291,5198,106293,106296],{"id":106292},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[33,106294,106295],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[14,106298,106299,28720,106301,106304],{},[33,106300,239],{},[180,106302,106303],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[14,106306,106307],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[26,106309,106311],{"className":28,"code":106310,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[33,106312,106313],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,106314,106315,106317,106319,106321,106323,106325,106327,106329,106331,106333,106335,106337],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,106316,142],{"class":141},[36,106318,145],{"class":50},[36,106320,231],{"class":80},[36,106322,84],{"class":50},[36,106324,55],{"class":54},[36,106326,58],{"class":50},[36,106328,61],{"class":54},[36,106330,58],{"class":50},[36,106332,66],{"class":54},[36,106334,58],{"class":50},[36,106336,559],{"class":54},[36,106338,3047],{"class":50},[21,106340,1923],{"id":1922},[246,106342,106343,106347,106351,106355,106359],{},[249,106344,106345],{},[294,106346,297],{"href":96360},[249,106348,106349],{},[294,106350,104343],{"href":2011},[249,106352,106353],{},[294,106354,1952],{"href":105194},[249,106356,106357],{},[294,106358,104901],{"href":64883},[249,106360,106361],{},[294,106362,106037],{"href":106036},[1962,106364,106365],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":106367},[106368,106369,106370,106371,106372,106378,106379,106380,106388,106398,106399,106407],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":104519,"depth":72,"text":104520},{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":104904,"depth":72,"text":104905},{"id":105091,"depth":72,"text":105092,"children":106373},[106374,106375,106376,106377],{"id":105095,"depth":118,"text":105096},{"id":105197,"depth":118,"text":105198},{"id":105281,"depth":118,"text":105282},{"id":105373,"depth":118,"text":105374},{"id":105441,"depth":72,"text":105442},{"id":105655,"depth":72,"text":105656},{"id":105764,"depth":72,"text":105765,"children":106381},[106382,106384,106386],{"id":105771,"depth":118,"text":106383},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105824,"depth":118,"text":106385},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105889,"depth":118,"text":106387},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455,"children":106389},[106390,106391,106393,106394,106396],{"id":1461,"depth":118,"text":1994},{"id":106004,"depth":118,"text":106392},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106040,"depth":118,"text":106041},{"id":106078,"depth":118,"text":106395},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106087,"depth":118,"text":106397},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60744,"depth":72,"text":60745},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":106400},[106401,106402,106403,106404,106405],{"id":106191,"depth":118,"text":106192},{"id":106198,"depth":118,"text":106199},{"id":106210,"depth":118,"text":106211},{"id":106217,"depth":118,"text":106218},{"id":106292,"depth":118,"text":106406},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104401,"description":106408},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106415,"title":106416,"body":106417,"description":107932,"extension":2009,"meta":107933,"navigation":134,"path":107934,"seo":107935,"stem":107936,"__hash__":107937},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106418,"toc":107908},[106419,106425,106430,106433,106516,106521,106526,106531,106533,106546,106550,106552,106571,106574,106597,106600,106611,106613,106694,106696,106713,106715,106721,106724,106819,106821,106852,106854,106862,106864,106867,106978,106980,107005,107007,107029,107034,107039,107045,107154,107156,107172,107175,107178,107261,107263,107280,107288,107290,107294,107300,107391,107393,107426,107431,107438,107515,107517,107534,107540,107542,107546,107562,107565,107591,107593,107654,107656,107779,107781,107832,107838,107840,107845,107847,107853,107856,107860,107863,107867,107870,107880,107882,107905],[10,106420,1935,106422,11352],{"id":106421},"python-setintersection-method",[33,106423,106424],{},"set.intersection()",[14,106426,2026,106427,106429],{},[33,106428,106424],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[14,106431,106432],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[26,106434,106436],{"className":28,"code":106435,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[33,106437,106438,106458,106478,106482,106501,106511],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,106439,106440,106442,106444,106446,106448,106450,106452,106454,106456],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,106441,2604],{"class":42},[36,106443,47],{"class":46},[36,106445,51],{"class":50},[36,106447,55],{"class":54},[36,106449,58],{"class":50},[36,106451,61],{"class":54},[36,106453,58],{"class":50},[36,106455,66],{"class":54},[36,106457,69],{"class":50},[36,106459,106460,106462,106464,106466,106468,106470,106472,106474,106476],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,106461,2632],{"class":42},[36,106463,47],{"class":46},[36,106465,51],{"class":50},[36,106467,481],{"class":54},[36,106469,58],{"class":50},[36,106471,66],{"class":54},[36,106473,58],{"class":50},[36,106475,559],{"class":54},[36,106477,69],{"class":50},[36,106479,106480],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,106481,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,106483,106484,106486,106488,106490,106492,106495,106497,106499],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,106485,2280],{"class":42},[36,106487,47],{"class":46},[36,106489,56925],{"class":42},[36,106491,303],{"class":50},[36,106493,106494],{"class":148},"intersection",[36,106496,145],{"class":50},[36,106498,1707],{"class":148},[36,106500,152],{"class":50},[36,106502,106503,106505,106507,106509],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,106504,142],{"class":141},[36,106506,145],{"class":50},[36,106508,2315],{"class":148},[36,106510,152],{"class":50},[36,106512,106513],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,106514,106515],{"class":1617},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[14,106517,495,106518,106520],{},[33,106519,102642],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[21,106522,13028,106524,13031],{"id":106523},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[33,106525,102642],{},[14,106527,106528,106530],{},[33,106529,102642],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[14,106532,13084],{},[246,106534,106535,106538,106540,106543],{},[249,106536,106537],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[249,106539,100412],{},[249,106541,106542],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[249,106544,106545],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[14,106547,96357,106548,303],{},[294,106549,297],{"href":96360},[21,106551,2205],{"id":2204},[26,106553,106555],{"className":28,"code":106554,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[33,106556,106557],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,106558,106559,106561,106563,106565,106567,106569],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,106560,100436],{"class":42},[36,106562,303],{"class":50},[36,106564,106494],{"class":148},[36,106566,145],{"class":50},[36,106568,100445],{"class":148},[36,106570,152],{"class":50},[14,106572,106573],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[26,106575,106577],{"className":28,"code":106576,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[33,106578,106579],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,106580,106581,106583,106585,106587,106589,106591,106593,106595],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,106582,100436],{"class":42},[36,106584,303],{"class":50},[36,106586,106494],{"class":148},[36,106588,145],{"class":50},[36,106590,100445],{"class":148},[36,106592,58],{"class":50},[36,106594,100472],{"class":148},[36,106596,152],{"class":50},[14,106598,106599],{},"Important notes:",[246,106601,106602,106605,106608],{},[249,106603,106604],{},"The result is always a new set",[249,106606,106607],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[249,106609,106610],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[14,106612,2257],{},[26,106614,106616],{"className":28,"code":106615,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[33,106617,106618,106642,106662,106666,106684],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,106619,106620,106622,106624,106626,106628,106630,106632,106634,106636,106638,106640],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,106621,2604],{"class":42},[36,106623,47],{"class":46},[36,106625,51],{"class":50},[36,106627,55],{"class":54},[36,106629,58],{"class":50},[36,106631,61],{"class":54},[36,106633,58],{"class":50},[36,106635,66],{"class":54},[36,106637,58],{"class":50},[36,106639,559],{"class":54},[36,106641,69],{"class":50},[36,106643,106644,106646,106648,106650,106652,106654,106656,106658,106660],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,106645,2632],{"class":42},[36,106647,47],{"class":46},[36,106649,51],{"class":50},[36,106651,485],{"class":54},[36,106653,58],{"class":50},[36,106655,559],{"class":54},[36,106657,58],{"class":50},[36,106659,4644],{"class":54},[36,106661,69],{"class":50},[36,106663,106664],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,106665,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,106667,106668,106670,106672,106674,106676,106678,106680,106682],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,106669,2280],{"class":42},[36,106671,47],{"class":46},[36,106673,56925],{"class":42},[36,106675,303],{"class":50},[36,106677,106494],{"class":148},[36,106679,145],{"class":50},[36,106681,1707],{"class":148},[36,106683,152],{"class":50},[36,106685,106686,106688,106690,106692],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,106687,142],{"class":141},[36,106689,145],{"class":50},[36,106691,2315],{"class":148},[36,106693,152],{"class":50},[14,106695,182],{},[26,106697,106699],{"className":28,"code":106698,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{3, 4}\n",[33,106700,106701],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,106702,106703,106705,106707,106709,106711],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,106704,192],{"class":50},[36,106706,485],{"class":54},[36,106708,58],{"class":50},[36,106710,559],{"class":54},[36,106712,69],{"class":50},[21,106714,17449],{"id":17448},[14,106716,106717,22007,106719,303],{},[33,106718,102642],{},[180,106720,231],{},[14,106722,106723],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[26,106725,106727],{"className":28,"code":106726,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[33,106728,106729,106749,106769,106773,106791,106795,106805],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,106730,106731,106733,106735,106737,106739,106741,106743,106745,106747],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,106732,2604],{"class":42},[36,106734,47],{"class":46},[36,106736,51],{"class":50},[36,106738,55],{"class":54},[36,106740,58],{"class":50},[36,106742,61],{"class":54},[36,106744,58],{"class":50},[36,106746,66],{"class":54},[36,106748,69],{"class":50},[36,106750,106751,106753,106755,106757,106759,106761,106763,106765,106767],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,106752,2632],{"class":42},[36,106754,47],{"class":46},[36,106756,51],{"class":50},[36,106758,481],{"class":54},[36,106760,58],{"class":50},[36,106762,66],{"class":54},[36,106764,58],{"class":50},[36,106766,559],{"class":54},[36,106768,69],{"class":50},[36,106770,106771],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,106772,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,106774,106775,106777,106779,106781,106783,106785,106787,106789],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,106776,2280],{"class":42},[36,106778,47],{"class":46},[36,106780,56925],{"class":42},[36,106782,303],{"class":50},[36,106784,106494],{"class":148},[36,106786,145],{"class":50},[36,106788,1707],{"class":148},[36,106790,152],{"class":50},[36,106792,106793],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,106794,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,106796,106797,106799,106801,106803],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,106798,142],{"class":141},[36,106800,145],{"class":50},[36,106802,2315],{"class":148},[36,106804,152],{"class":50},[36,106806,106807,106809,106811,106813,106815,106817],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,106808,142],{"class":141},[36,106810,145],{"class":50},[36,106812,818],{"class":80},[36,106814,145],{"class":50},[36,106816,2315],{"class":148},[36,106818,445],{"class":50},[14,106820,182],{},[26,106822,106824],{"className":28,"code":106823,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[33,106825,106826,106838],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,106827,106828,106830,106832,106834,106836],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,106829,192],{"class":50},[36,106831,481],{"class":54},[36,106833,58],{"class":50},[36,106835,66],{"class":54},[36,106837,69],{"class":50},[36,106839,106840,106842,106844,106846,106848,106850],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,106841,844],{"class":46},[36,106843,848],{"class":847},[36,106845,220],{"class":87},[36,106847,231],{"class":91},[36,106849,211],{"class":87},[36,106851,857],{"class":46},[14,106853,85846],{},[246,106855,106856,106859],{},[249,106857,106858],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[249,106860,106861],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[21,106863,11505],{"id":11504},[14,106865,106866],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[26,106868,106870],{"className":28,"code":106869,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[33,106871,106872,106905,106938,106942,106963,106967],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,106873,106874,106877,106879,106881,106883,106885,106887,106889,106891,106893,106895,106897,106899,106901,106903],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,106875,106876],{"class":42},"colors1 ",[36,106878,47],{"class":46},[36,106880,51],{"class":50},[36,106882,88],{"class":87},[36,106884,13125],{"class":91},[36,106886,88],{"class":87},[36,106888,58],{"class":50},[36,106890,99],{"class":87},[36,106892,13142],{"class":91},[36,106894,88],{"class":87},[36,106896,58],{"class":50},[36,106898,99],{"class":87},[36,106900,17486],{"class":91},[36,106902,88],{"class":87},[36,106904,69],{"class":50},[36,106906,106907,106910,106912,106914,106916,106918,106920,106922,106924,106926,106928,106930,106932,106934,106936],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,106908,106909],{"class":42},"colors2 ",[36,106911,47],{"class":46},[36,106913,51],{"class":50},[36,106915,88],{"class":87},[36,106917,17486],{"class":91},[36,106919,88],{"class":87},[36,106921,58],{"class":50},[36,106923,99],{"class":87},[36,106925,22556],{"class":91},[36,106927,88],{"class":87},[36,106929,58],{"class":50},[36,106931,99],{"class":87},[36,106933,13142],{"class":91},[36,106935,88],{"class":87},[36,106937,69],{"class":50},[36,106939,106940],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,106941,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,106943,106944,106947,106949,106952,106954,106956,106958,106961],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,106945,106946],{"class":42},"common_colors ",[36,106948,47],{"class":46},[36,106950,106951],{"class":42}," colors1",[36,106953,303],{"class":50},[36,106955,106494],{"class":148},[36,106957,145],{"class":50},[36,106959,106960],{"class":148},"colors2",[36,106962,152],{"class":50},[36,106964,106965],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,106966,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,106968,106969,106971,106973,106976],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,106970,142],{"class":141},[36,106972,145],{"class":50},[36,106974,106975],{"class":148},"common_colors",[36,106977,152],{"class":50},[14,106979,182],{},[26,106981,106983],{"className":28,"code":106982,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[33,106984,106985],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,106986,106987,106989,106991,106993,106995,106997,106999,107001,107003],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,106988,192],{"class":50},[36,106990,211],{"class":87},[36,106992,13142],{"class":91},[36,106994,211],{"class":87},[36,106996,58],{"class":50},[36,106998,220],{"class":87},[36,107000,17486],{"class":91},[36,107002,211],{"class":87},[36,107004,69],{"class":50},[14,107006,11714],{},[246,107008,107009,107015,107019,107024],{},[249,107010,107011,107014],{},[33,107012,107013],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[249,107016,107017,107014],{},[33,107018,106960],{},[249,107020,107021,107023],{},[33,107022,102642],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[249,107025,107026,107027],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[33,107028,106975],{},[21,107030,1462,107032,101009],{"id":107031},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[33,107033,102642],{},[14,107035,107036,107037,303],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[33,107038,102642],{},[14,107040,107041,107042,107044],{},"Only the values found in ",[180,107043,3759],{}," inputs will be kept.",[26,107046,107048],{"className":28,"code":107047,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[33,107049,107050,107074,107098,107118,107122,107144],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,107051,107052,107054,107056,107058,107060,107062,107064,107066,107068,107070,107072],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,107053,2604],{"class":42},[36,107055,47],{"class":46},[36,107057,51],{"class":50},[36,107059,55],{"class":54},[36,107061,58],{"class":50},[36,107063,61],{"class":54},[36,107065,58],{"class":50},[36,107067,66],{"class":54},[36,107069,58],{"class":50},[36,107071,559],{"class":54},[36,107073,69],{"class":50},[36,107075,107076,107078,107080,107082,107084,107086,107088,107090,107092,107094,107096],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,107077,2632],{"class":42},[36,107079,47],{"class":46},[36,107081,51],{"class":50},[36,107083,481],{"class":54},[36,107085,58],{"class":50},[36,107087,66],{"class":54},[36,107089,58],{"class":50},[36,107091,559],{"class":54},[36,107093,58],{"class":50},[36,107095,4644],{"class":54},[36,107097,69],{"class":50},[36,107099,107100,107102,107104,107106,107108,107110,107112,107114,107116],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,107101,83220],{"class":42},[36,107103,47],{"class":46},[36,107105,51],{"class":50},[36,107107,485],{"class":54},[36,107109,58],{"class":50},[36,107111,559],{"class":54},[36,107113,58],{"class":50},[36,107115,37679],{"class":54},[36,107117,69],{"class":50},[36,107119,107120],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,107121,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,107123,107124,107126,107128,107130,107132,107134,107136,107138,107140,107142],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,107125,2280],{"class":42},[36,107127,47],{"class":46},[36,107129,56925],{"class":42},[36,107131,303],{"class":50},[36,107133,106494],{"class":148},[36,107135,145],{"class":50},[36,107137,1707],{"class":148},[36,107139,58],{"class":50},[36,107141,9712],{"class":148},[36,107143,152],{"class":50},[36,107145,107146,107148,107150,107152],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,107147,142],{"class":141},[36,107149,145],{"class":50},[36,107151,2315],{"class":148},[36,107153,152],{"class":50},[14,107155,182],{},[26,107157,107158],{"className":28,"code":106698,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,107159,107160],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,107161,107162,107164,107166,107168,107170],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,107163,192],{"class":50},[36,107165,485],{"class":54},[36,107167,58],{"class":50},[36,107169,559],{"class":54},[36,107171,69],{"class":50},[14,107173,107174],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[14,107176,107177],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[26,107179,107181],{"className":28,"code":107180,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[33,107182,107183,107207,107211,107251],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,107184,107185,107187,107189,107191,107193,107195,107197,107199,107201,107203,107205],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,107186,2604],{"class":42},[36,107188,47],{"class":46},[36,107190,51],{"class":50},[36,107192,55],{"class":54},[36,107194,58],{"class":50},[36,107196,61],{"class":54},[36,107198,58],{"class":50},[36,107200,66],{"class":54},[36,107202,58],{"class":50},[36,107204,559],{"class":54},[36,107206,69],{"class":50},[36,107208,107209],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,107210,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,107212,107213,107215,107217,107219,107221,107223,107225,107227,107229,107231,107233,107235,107237,107239,107241,107243,107245,107247,107249],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,107214,2280],{"class":42},[36,107216,47],{"class":46},[36,107218,56925],{"class":42},[36,107220,303],{"class":50},[36,107222,106494],{"class":148},[36,107224,84],{"class":50},[36,107226,481],{"class":54},[36,107228,58],{"class":50},[36,107230,559],{"class":54},[36,107232,58],{"class":50},[36,107234,37679],{"class":54},[36,107236,18093],{"class":50},[36,107238,1131],{"class":50},[36,107240,55],{"class":54},[36,107242,58],{"class":50},[36,107244,61],{"class":54},[36,107246,58],{"class":50},[36,107248,559],{"class":54},[36,107250,445],{"class":50},[36,107252,107253,107255,107257,107259],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,107254,142],{"class":141},[36,107256,145],{"class":50},[36,107258,2315],{"class":148},[36,107260,152],{"class":50},[14,107262,182],{},[26,107264,107266],{"className":28,"code":107265,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{2, 4}\n",[33,107267,107268],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,107269,107270,107272,107274,107276,107278],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,107271,192],{"class":50},[36,107273,481],{"class":54},[36,107275,58],{"class":50},[36,107277,559],{"class":54},[36,107279,69],{"class":50},[21,107281,107283,10615,107285],{"id":107282},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[33,107284,102642],{},[33,107286,107287],{},"intersection_update()",[14,107289,101179],{},[376,107291,107292],{"id":106494},[33,107293,102642],{},[246,107295,107296,107298],{},[249,107297,101188],{},[249,107299,101191],{},[26,107301,107303],{"className":28,"code":107302,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[33,107304,107305,107325,107345,107349,107367,107371,107381],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,107306,107307,107309,107311,107313,107315,107317,107319,107321,107323],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,107308,2604],{"class":42},[36,107310,47],{"class":46},[36,107312,51],{"class":50},[36,107314,55],{"class":54},[36,107316,58],{"class":50},[36,107318,61],{"class":54},[36,107320,58],{"class":50},[36,107322,66],{"class":54},[36,107324,69],{"class":50},[36,107326,107327,107329,107331,107333,107335,107337,107339,107341,107343],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,107328,2632],{"class":42},[36,107330,47],{"class":46},[36,107332,51],{"class":50},[36,107334,481],{"class":54},[36,107336,58],{"class":50},[36,107338,66],{"class":54},[36,107340,58],{"class":50},[36,107342,559],{"class":54},[36,107344,69],{"class":50},[36,107346,107347],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,107348,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,107350,107351,107353,107355,107357,107359,107361,107363,107365],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,107352,2280],{"class":42},[36,107354,47],{"class":46},[36,107356,56925],{"class":42},[36,107358,303],{"class":50},[36,107360,106494],{"class":148},[36,107362,145],{"class":50},[36,107364,1707],{"class":148},[36,107366,152],{"class":50},[36,107368,107369],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,107370,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,107372,107373,107375,107377,107379],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,107374,142],{"class":141},[36,107376,145],{"class":50},[36,107378,294],{"class":148},[36,107380,152],{"class":50},[36,107382,107383,107385,107387,107389],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,107384,142],{"class":141},[36,107386,145],{"class":50},[36,107388,2315],{"class":148},[36,107390,152],{"class":50},[14,107392,182],{},[26,107394,107396],{"className":28,"code":107395,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[33,107397,107398,107414],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,107399,107400,107402,107404,107406,107408,107410,107412],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,107401,192],{"class":50},[36,107403,55],{"class":54},[36,107405,58],{"class":50},[36,107407,61],{"class":54},[36,107409,58],{"class":50},[36,107411,66],{"class":54},[36,107413,69],{"class":50},[36,107415,107416,107418,107420,107422,107424],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,107417,192],{"class":50},[36,107419,481],{"class":54},[36,107421,58],{"class":50},[36,107423,66],{"class":54},[36,107425,69],{"class":50},[376,107427,107429],{"id":107428},"intersection_update",[33,107430,107287],{},[246,107432,107433,107435],{},[249,107434,101331],{},[249,107436,107437],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[26,107439,107441],{"className":28,"code":107440,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[33,107442,107443,107463,107483,107487,107501,107505],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,107444,107445,107447,107449,107451,107453,107455,107457,107459,107461],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,107446,2604],{"class":42},[36,107448,47],{"class":46},[36,107450,51],{"class":50},[36,107452,55],{"class":54},[36,107454,58],{"class":50},[36,107456,61],{"class":54},[36,107458,58],{"class":50},[36,107460,66],{"class":54},[36,107462,69],{"class":50},[36,107464,107465,107467,107469,107471,107473,107475,107477,107479,107481],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,107466,2632],{"class":42},[36,107468,47],{"class":46},[36,107470,51],{"class":50},[36,107472,481],{"class":54},[36,107474,58],{"class":50},[36,107476,66],{"class":54},[36,107478,58],{"class":50},[36,107480,559],{"class":54},[36,107482,69],{"class":50},[36,107484,107485],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,107486,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,107488,107489,107491,107493,107495,107497,107499],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,107490,294],{"class":42},[36,107492,303],{"class":50},[36,107494,107428],{"class":148},[36,107496,145],{"class":50},[36,107498,1707],{"class":148},[36,107500,152],{"class":50},[36,107502,107503],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,107504,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,107506,107507,107509,107511,107513],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,107508,142],{"class":141},[36,107510,145],{"class":50},[36,107512,294],{"class":148},[36,107514,152],{"class":50},[14,107516,182],{},[26,107518,107520],{"className":28,"code":107519,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{2, 3}\n",[33,107521,107522],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,107523,107524,107526,107528,107530,107532],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,107525,192],{"class":50},[36,107527,481],{"class":54},[36,107529,58],{"class":50},[36,107531,66],{"class":54},[36,107533,69],{"class":50},[14,107535,107536,107537,107539],{},"Choose ",[33,107538,102642],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[21,107541,4557],{"id":4556},[14,107543,14766,107544,1213],{},[33,107545,102642],{},[246,107547,107548,107551,107554,107557],{},[249,107549,107550],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[249,107552,107553],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[249,107555,107556],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[249,107558,107559,107560],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[33,107561,102642],{},[14,107563,107564],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[246,107566,107567,107572,107575,107588],{},[249,107568,1462,107569,107571],{},[33,107570,102642],{}," when order matters",[249,107573,107574],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[249,107576,37239,107577,8741,107579,298,107584],{},[33,107578,102642],{},[294,107580,107582],{"href":107581},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[33,107583,102650],{},[294,107585,107586],{"href":102691},[33,107587,100265],{},[249,107589,107590],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[14,107592,30169],{},[26,107594,107596],{"className":28,"code":107595,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[33,107597,107598,107608,107622,107640],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,107599,107600,107602,107604,107606],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,107601,142],{"class":141},[36,107603,145],{"class":50},[36,107605,1732],{"class":148},[36,107607,152],{"class":50},[36,107609,107610,107612,107614,107616,107618,107620],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,107611,142],{"class":141},[36,107613,145],{"class":50},[36,107615,818],{"class":80},[36,107617,145],{"class":50},[36,107619,2315],{"class":148},[36,107621,445],{"class":50},[36,107623,107624,107626,107628,107630,107632,107634,107636,107638],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,107625,142],{"class":141},[36,107627,145],{"class":50},[36,107629,100436],{"class":148},[36,107631,303],{"class":50},[36,107633,106494],{"class":148},[36,107635,145],{"class":50},[36,107637,100445],{"class":148},[36,107639,445],{"class":50},[36,107641,107642,107644,107646,107648,107650,107652],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,107643,142],{"class":141},[36,107645,145],{"class":50},[36,107647,438],{"class":141},[36,107649,145],{"class":50},[36,107651,2315],{"class":148},[36,107653,445],{"class":50},[14,107655,2257],{},[26,107657,107659],{"className":28,"code":107658,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[33,107660,107661,107685,107705,107709,107727,107731,107741,107751,107765],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,107662,107663,107665,107667,107669,107671,107673,107675,107677,107679,107681,107683],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,107664,43],{"class":42},[36,107666,47],{"class":46},[36,107668,51],{"class":50},[36,107670,55],{"class":54},[36,107672,58],{"class":50},[36,107674,61],{"class":54},[36,107676,58],{"class":50},[36,107678,61],{"class":54},[36,107680,58],{"class":50},[36,107682,66],{"class":54},[36,107684,69],{"class":50},[36,107686,107687,107689,107691,107693,107695,107697,107699,107701,107703],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,107688,43587],{"class":42},[36,107690,47],{"class":46},[36,107692,51],{"class":50},[36,107694,481],{"class":54},[36,107696,58],{"class":50},[36,107698,66],{"class":54},[36,107700,58],{"class":50},[36,107702,559],{"class":54},[36,107704,69],{"class":50},[36,107706,107707],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,107708,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,107710,107711,107713,107715,107717,107719,107721,107723,107725],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,107712,2280],{"class":42},[36,107714,47],{"class":46},[36,107716,4301],{"class":42},[36,107718,303],{"class":50},[36,107720,106494],{"class":148},[36,107722,145],{"class":50},[36,107724,30776],{"class":148},[36,107726,152],{"class":50},[36,107728,107729],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,107730,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,107732,107733,107735,107737,107739],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,107734,142],{"class":141},[36,107736,145],{"class":50},[36,107738,149],{"class":148},[36,107740,152],{"class":50},[36,107742,107743,107745,107747,107749],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,107744,142],{"class":141},[36,107746,145],{"class":50},[36,107748,2315],{"class":148},[36,107750,152],{"class":50},[36,107752,107753,107755,107757,107759,107761,107763],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,107754,142],{"class":141},[36,107756,145],{"class":50},[36,107758,818],{"class":80},[36,107760,145],{"class":50},[36,107762,2315],{"class":148},[36,107764,445],{"class":50},[36,107766,107767,107769,107771,107773,107775,107777],{"class":38,"line":6471},[36,107768,142],{"class":141},[36,107770,145],{"class":50},[36,107772,438],{"class":141},[36,107774,145],{"class":50},[36,107776,2315],{"class":148},[36,107778,445],{"class":50},[14,107780,182],{},[26,107782,107784],{"className":28,"code":107783,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[33,107785,107786,107802,107814,107828],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,107787,107788,107790,107792,107794,107796,107798,107800],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,107789,192],{"class":50},[36,107791,55],{"class":54},[36,107793,58],{"class":50},[36,107795,61],{"class":54},[36,107797,58],{"class":50},[36,107799,66],{"class":54},[36,107801,69],{"class":50},[36,107803,107804,107806,107808,107810,107812],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,107805,192],{"class":50},[36,107807,481],{"class":54},[36,107809,58],{"class":50},[36,107811,66],{"class":54},[36,107813,69],{"class":50},[36,107815,107816,107818,107820,107822,107824,107826],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,107817,844],{"class":46},[36,107819,848],{"class":847},[36,107821,220],{"class":87},[36,107823,231],{"class":91},[36,107825,211],{"class":87},[36,107827,857],{"class":46},[36,107829,107830],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,107831,17086],{"class":54},[14,107833,107834,107835,107837],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[33,107836,481],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[21,107839,1872],{"id":1871},[376,107841,12735,107843,102590],{"id":107842},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[33,107844,102642],{},[14,107846,102593],{},[376,107848,5210,107850,107852],{"id":107849},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[33,107851,102642],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[14,107854,107855],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[376,107857,107859],{"id":107858},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[14,107861,107862],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[376,107864,107866],{"id":107865},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[14,107868,107869],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[26,107871,107872],{"className":28,"code":97481,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,107873,107874],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,107875,107876,107878],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,107877,231],{"class":80},[36,107879,128],{"class":50},[21,107881,1923],{"id":1922},[246,107883,107884,107888,107895,107901],{},[249,107885,107886],{},[294,107887,297],{"href":96360},[249,107889,107890],{},[294,107891,1935,107892,1939],{"href":107581},[33,107893,107894],{},"set.union()",[249,107896,107897],{},[294,107898,1935,107899,1939],{"href":102691},[33,107900,100270],{},[249,107902,107903],{},[294,107904,1952],{"href":105194},[1962,107906,107907],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":107909},[107910,107912,107913,107914,107915,107917,107922,107923,107931],{"id":106523,"depth":72,"text":107911},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":17448,"depth":72,"text":17449},{"id":11504,"depth":72,"text":11505},{"id":107031,"depth":72,"text":107916},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107282,"depth":72,"text":107918,"children":107919},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107920,107921],{"id":106494,"depth":118,"text":102642},{"id":107428,"depth":118,"text":107287},{"id":4556,"depth":72,"text":4557},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":107924},[107925,107927,107929,107930],{"id":107842,"depth":118,"text":107926},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107849,"depth":118,"text":107928},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107858,"depth":118,"text":107859},{"id":107865,"depth":118,"text":107866},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106416,"description":107932},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107939,"title":107940,"body":107941,"description":109177,"extension":2009,"meta":109178,"navigation":134,"path":109179,"seo":109180,"stem":109181,"__hash__":109182},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107942,"toc":109144},[107943,107948,107954,107963,107965,108040,108045,108060,108070,108075,108079,108092,108096,108098,108113,108115,108131,108133,108208,108212,108215,108217,108234,108239,108294,108299,108311,108315,108318,108419,108421,108462,108465,108469,108476,108478,108503,108506,108524,108531,108537,108540,108622,108629,108632,108712,108721,108724,108729,108733,108747,108796,108801,108805,108816,108865,108876,108881,108885,108897,108946,108957,108959,108963,108986,108988,109045,109047,109061,109063,109069,109075,109081,109090,109094,109101,109105,109113,109115,109141],[10,107944,96235,107946,11352],{"id":107945},"python-set-pop-method",[33,107947,12794],{},[14,107949,107950,107953],{},[33,107951,107952],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[14,107955,107956,107957,107959,107960,107962],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[180,107958,870],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[33,107961,12794],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[21,107964,2051],{"id":2050},[26,107966,107968],{"className":28,"code":107967,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[33,107969,107970,108002,108016,108020,108030],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,107971,107972,107974,107976,107978,107980,107982,107984,107986,107988,107990,107992,107994,107996,107998,108000],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,107973,1328],{"class":42},[36,107975,47],{"class":46},[36,107977,51],{"class":50},[36,107979,88],{"class":87},[36,107981,92],{"class":91},[36,107983,88],{"class":87},[36,107985,58],{"class":50},[36,107987,99],{"class":87},[36,107989,102],{"class":91},[36,107991,88],{"class":87},[36,107993,58],{"class":50},[36,107995,99],{"class":87},[36,107997,4135],{"class":91},[36,107999,88],{"class":87},[36,108001,69],{"class":50},[36,108003,108004,108006,108008,108010,108012,108014],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,108005,69970],{"class":42},[36,108007,47],{"class":46},[36,108009,6005],{"class":42},[36,108011,303],{"class":50},[36,108013,26275],{"class":148},[36,108015,128],{"class":50},[36,108017,108018],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,108019,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,108021,108022,108024,108026,108028],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,108023,142],{"class":141},[36,108025,145],{"class":50},[36,108027,69993],{"class":148},[36,108029,152],{"class":50},[36,108031,108032,108034,108036,108038],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,108033,142],{"class":141},[36,108035,145],{"class":50},[36,108037,1369],{"class":148},[36,108039,152],{"class":50},[14,108041,108042],{},[180,108043,108044],{},"What this does:",[246,108046,108047,108052,108057],{},[249,108048,108049,108050],{},"Removes one item from ",[33,108051,1369],{},[249,108053,108054,108055],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[33,108056,69993],{},[249,108058,108059],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[14,108061,108062,88997,108064,108066,108067,108069],{},[180,108063,83855],{},[33,108065,107952],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[180,108068,870],{}," chosen by index.",[21,108071,3720,108073,3723],{"id":108072},"what-setpop-does",[33,108074,107952],{},[14,108076,108077,1213],{},[33,108078,107952],{},[246,108080,108081,108083,108086,108089],{},[249,108082,102893],{},[249,108084,108085],{},"Returns the removed item",[249,108087,108088],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[249,108090,108091],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[14,108093,96357,108094,303],{},[294,108095,297],{"href":296},[21,108097,2205],{"id":2204},[26,108099,108101],{"className":28,"code":108100,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_set.pop()\n",[33,108102,108103],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,108104,108105,108107,108109,108111],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,108106,1732],{"class":42},[36,108108,303],{"class":50},[36,108110,26275],{"class":148},[36,108112,128],{"class":50},[14,108114,13084],{},[246,108116,108117,108123,108128],{},[249,108118,108119,108120],{},"The syntax is ",[33,108121,108122],{},"my_set.pop()",[249,108124,108125,108126],{},"It takes ",[180,108127,28723],{},[249,108129,108130],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[14,108132,2257],{},[26,108134,108136],{"className":28,"code":108135,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[33,108137,108138,108170,108184,108188,108198],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,108139,108140,108142,108144,108146,108148,108150,108152,108154,108156,108158,108160,108162,108164,108166,108168],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,108141,13108],{"class":42},[36,108143,47],{"class":46},[36,108145,51],{"class":50},[36,108147,88],{"class":87},[36,108149,13125],{"class":91},[36,108151,88],{"class":87},[36,108153,58],{"class":50},[36,108155,99],{"class":87},[36,108157,13142],{"class":91},[36,108159,88],{"class":87},[36,108161,58],{"class":50},[36,108163,99],{"class":87},[36,108165,17486],{"class":91},[36,108167,88],{"class":87},[36,108169,69],{"class":50},[36,108171,108172,108174,108176,108178,108180,108182],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,108173,28573],{"class":42},[36,108175,47],{"class":46},[36,108177,13156],{"class":42},[36,108179,303],{"class":50},[36,108181,26275],{"class":148},[36,108183,128],{"class":50},[36,108185,108186],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,108187,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,108189,108190,108192,108194,108196],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,108191,142],{"class":141},[36,108193,145],{"class":50},[36,108195,23343],{"class":148},[36,108197,152],{"class":50},[36,108199,108200,108202,108204,108206],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,108201,142],{"class":141},[36,108203,145],{"class":50},[36,108205,17533],{"class":148},[36,108207,152],{"class":50},[21,108209,108211],{"id":108210},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[14,108213,108214],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[14,108216,2153],{},[246,108218,108219,108225,108228],{},[249,108220,108221,108222,108224],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[33,108223,12794],{}," removes",[249,108226,108227],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[249,108229,108230,108231,108233],{},"You should not use ",[33,108232,12794],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[14,108235,10491,108236,108238],{},[180,108237,870],{}," valid:",[26,108240,108242],{"className":28,"code":108241,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[33,108243,108244,108276],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,108245,108246,108248,108250,108252,108254,108256,108258,108260,108262,108264,108266,108268,108270,108272,108274],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,108247,36273],{"class":42},[36,108249,47],{"class":46},[36,108251,51],{"class":50},[36,108253,88],{"class":87},[36,108255,92],{"class":91},[36,108257,88],{"class":87},[36,108259,58],{"class":50},[36,108261,99],{"class":87},[36,108263,102],{"class":91},[36,108265,88],{"class":87},[36,108267,58],{"class":50},[36,108269,99],{"class":87},[36,108271,4135],{"class":91},[36,108273,88],{"class":87},[36,108275,69],{"class":50},[36,108277,108278,108280,108282,108284,108286,108288,108290,108292],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,108279,36325],{"class":42},[36,108281,303],{"class":50},[36,108283,26275],{"class":148},[36,108285,145],{"class":50},[36,108287,88],{"class":87},[36,108289,92],{"class":91},[36,108291,88],{"class":87},[36,108293,152],{"class":50},[14,108295,39690,108296,108298],{},[33,108297,107952],{}," does not accept a value.",[14,108300,108301,108302,298,108306,303],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[294,108303,108304],{"href":98231},[33,108305,102719],{},[294,108307,108309],{"href":108308},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[33,108310,102710],{},[21,108312,108314],{"id":108313},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[14,108316,108317],{},"Here is a simple example:",[26,108319,108321],{"className":28,"code":108320,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[33,108322,108323,108357,108361,108377,108381,108400],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,108324,108325,108328,108330,108332,108334,108336,108338,108340,108342,108344,108346,108348,108350,108353,108355],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,108326,108327],{"class":42},"animals ",[36,108329,47],{"class":46},[36,108331,51],{"class":50},[36,108333,88],{"class":87},[36,108335,37082],{"class":91},[36,108337,88],{"class":87},[36,108339,58],{"class":50},[36,108341,99],{"class":87},[36,108343,58165],{"class":91},[36,108345,88],{"class":87},[36,108347,58],{"class":50},[36,108349,99],{"class":87},[36,108351,108352],{"class":91},"rabbit",[36,108354,88],{"class":87},[36,108356,69],{"class":50},[36,108358,108359],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,108360,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,108362,108363,108366,108368,108371,108373,108375],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,108364,108365],{"class":42},"removed_animal ",[36,108367,47],{"class":46},[36,108369,108370],{"class":42}," animals",[36,108372,303],{"class":50},[36,108374,26275],{"class":148},[36,108376,128],{"class":50},[36,108378,108379],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,108380,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,108382,108383,108385,108387,108389,108391,108393,108395,108398],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,108384,142],{"class":141},[36,108386,145],{"class":50},[36,108388,88],{"class":87},[36,108390,28991],{"class":91},[36,108392,88],{"class":87},[36,108394,58],{"class":50},[36,108396,108397],{"class":148}," removed_animal",[36,108399,152],{"class":50},[36,108401,108402,108404,108406,108408,108411,108413,108415,108417],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,108403,142],{"class":141},[36,108405,145],{"class":50},[36,108407,88],{"class":87},[36,108409,108410],{"class":91},"Updated set:",[36,108412,88],{"class":87},[36,108414,58],{"class":50},[36,108416,108370],{"class":148},[36,108418,152],{"class":50},[14,108420,350],{},[26,108422,108424],{"className":28,"code":108423,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[33,108425,108426,108435],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,108427,108428,108430,108432],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,108429,29033],{"class":42},[36,108431,1213],{"class":50},[36,108433,108434],{"class":42}," dog\n",[36,108436,108437,108440,108442,108444,108446,108448,108450,108452,108454,108456,108458,108460],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,108438,108439],{"class":42},"Updated ",[36,108441,231],{"class":80},[36,108443,1213],{"class":50},[36,108445,51],{"class":50},[36,108447,211],{"class":87},[36,108449,37082],{"class":91},[36,108451,211],{"class":87},[36,108453,58],{"class":50},[36,108455,220],{"class":87},[36,108457,108352],{"class":91},[36,108459,211],{"class":87},[36,108461,69],{"class":50},[14,108463,108464],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[21,108466,108468],{"id":108467},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[14,108470,29685,108471,108473,108474,303],{},[33,108472,12794],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[33,108475,19719],{},[14,108477,2257],{},[26,108479,108481],{"className":28,"code":108480,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[33,108482,108483,108493],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,108484,108485,108487,108489,108491],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,108486,1328],{"class":42},[36,108488,47],{"class":46},[36,108490,81],{"class":80},[36,108492,128],{"class":50},[36,108494,108495,108497,108499,108501],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,108496,1369],{"class":42},[36,108498,303],{"class":50},[36,108500,26275],{"class":148},[36,108502,128],{"class":50},[14,108504,108505],{},"This raises:",[26,108507,108509],{"className":28,"code":108508,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[33,108510,108511],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,108512,108513,108515,108517,108519,108522],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,108514,19719],{"class":80},[36,108516,1213],{"class":50},[36,108518,220],{"class":87},[36,108520,108521],{"class":91},"pop from an empty set",[36,108523,1228],{"class":87},[14,108525,108526,108527,108530],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[294,108528,108529],{"href":11104},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[376,108532,108534,108535],{"id":108533},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[33,108536,12794],{},[14,108538,108539],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[26,108541,108543],{"className":28,"code":108542,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[33,108544,108545,108555,108559,108567,108582,108601,108607],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,108546,108547,108549,108551,108553],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,108548,1328],{"class":42},[36,108550,47],{"class":46},[36,108552,81],{"class":80},[36,108554,128],{"class":50},[36,108556,108557],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,108558,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,108560,108561,108563,108565],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,108562,7037],{"class":3917},[36,108564,6005],{"class":42},[36,108566,6433],{"class":50},[36,108568,108569,108572,108574,108576,108578,108580],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,108570,108571],{"class":42},"    removed ",[36,108573,47],{"class":46},[36,108575,6005],{"class":42},[36,108577,303],{"class":50},[36,108579,26275],{"class":148},[36,108581,128],{"class":50},[36,108583,108584,108586,108588,108590,108592,108594,108596,108599],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,108585,8105],{"class":141},[36,108587,145],{"class":50},[36,108589,88],{"class":87},[36,108591,28991],{"class":91},[36,108593,88],{"class":87},[36,108595,58],{"class":50},[36,108597,108598],{"class":148}," removed",[36,108600,152],{"class":50},[36,108602,108603,108605],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,108604,27468],{"class":3917},[36,108606,6433],{"class":50},[36,108608,108609,108611,108613,108615,108618,108620],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,108610,8105],{"class":141},[36,108612,145],{"class":50},[36,108614,88],{"class":87},[36,108616,108617],{"class":91},"The set is empty.",[36,108619,88],{"class":87},[36,108621,152],{"class":50},[376,108623,495,108625,482,108627],{"id":108624},"use-try-and-except",[33,108626,29838],{},[33,108628,29869],{},[14,108630,108631],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[26,108633,108635],{"className":28,"code":108634,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[33,108636,108637,108647,108651,108657,108671,108689,108697],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,108638,108639,108641,108643,108645],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,108640,1328],{"class":42},[36,108642,47],{"class":46},[36,108644,81],{"class":80},[36,108646,128],{"class":50},[36,108648,108649],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,108650,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,108652,108653,108655],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,108654,29838],{"class":3917},[36,108656,6433],{"class":50},[36,108658,108659,108661,108663,108665,108667,108669],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,108660,108571],{"class":42},[36,108662,47],{"class":46},[36,108664,6005],{"class":42},[36,108666,303],{"class":50},[36,108668,26275],{"class":148},[36,108670,128],{"class":50},[36,108672,108673,108675,108677,108679,108681,108683,108685,108687],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,108674,8105],{"class":141},[36,108676,145],{"class":50},[36,108678,88],{"class":87},[36,108680,28991],{"class":91},[36,108682,88],{"class":87},[36,108684,58],{"class":50},[36,108686,108598],{"class":148},[36,108688,152],{"class":50},[36,108690,108691,108693,108695],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,108692,29869],{"class":3917},[36,108694,29872],{"class":80},[36,108696,6433],{"class":50},[36,108698,108699,108701,108703,108705,108708,108710],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,108700,8105],{"class":141},[36,108702,145],{"class":50},[36,108704,88],{"class":87},[36,108706,108707],{"class":91},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[36,108709,88],{"class":87},[36,108711,152],{"class":50},[21,108713,5000,108715,10615,108717,10615,108719],{"id":108714},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[33,108716,12794],{},[33,108718,55568],{},[33,108720,102705],{},[14,108722,108723],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[376,108725,495,108727],{"id":108726},"use-pop",[33,108728,12794],{},[14,108730,495,108731,10631],{},[33,108732,12794],{},[246,108734,108735,108741,108744],{},[249,108736,108737,108738],{},"You want to remove ",[180,108739,108740],{},"any one item",[249,108742,108743],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[249,108745,108746],{},"You want the removed item returned",[26,108748,108750],{"className":28,"code":108749,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[33,108751,108752,108772,108786],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,108753,108754,108756,108758,108760,108762,108764,108766,108768,108770],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,108755,43],{"class":42},[36,108757,47],{"class":46},[36,108759,51],{"class":50},[36,108761,55],{"class":54},[36,108763,58],{"class":50},[36,108765,61],{"class":54},[36,108767,58],{"class":50},[36,108769,66],{"class":54},[36,108771,69],{"class":50},[36,108773,108774,108776,108778,108780,108782,108784],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,108775,1478],{"class":42},[36,108777,47],{"class":46},[36,108779,4301],{"class":42},[36,108781,303],{"class":50},[36,108783,26275],{"class":148},[36,108785,128],{"class":50},[36,108787,108788,108790,108792,108794],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,108789,142],{"class":141},[36,108791,145],{"class":50},[36,108793,1495],{"class":148},[36,108795,152],{"class":50},[376,108797,495,108799],{"id":108798},"use-remove",[33,108800,55568],{},[14,108802,495,108803,10631],{},[33,108804,55568],{},[246,108806,108807,108813],{},[249,108808,108809,108810],{},"You want to delete a ",[180,108811,108812],{},"specific item",[249,108814,108815],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[26,108817,108819],{"className":28,"code":108818,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,108820,108821,108841,108855],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,108822,108823,108825,108827,108829,108831,108833,108835,108837,108839],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,108824,43],{"class":42},[36,108826,47],{"class":46},[36,108828,51],{"class":50},[36,108830,55],{"class":54},[36,108832,58],{"class":50},[36,108834,61],{"class":54},[36,108836,58],{"class":50},[36,108838,66],{"class":54},[36,108840,69],{"class":50},[36,108842,108843,108845,108847,108849,108851,108853],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,108844,149],{"class":42},[36,108846,303],{"class":50},[36,108848,34829],{"class":148},[36,108850,145],{"class":50},[36,108852,481],{"class":54},[36,108854,152],{"class":50},[36,108856,108857,108859,108861,108863],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,108858,142],{"class":141},[36,108860,145],{"class":50},[36,108862,149],{"class":148},[36,108864,152],{"class":50},[14,108866,108867,108868,108870,108871,108875],{},"If the item is missing, ",[33,108869,55568],{}," raises an error. See the ",[294,108872,108873,1939],{"href":98231},[33,108874,102719],{}," for details.",[376,108877,495,108879],{"id":108878},"use-discard",[33,108880,102705],{},[14,108882,495,108883,10631],{},[33,108884,102705],{},[246,108886,108887,108891],{},[249,108888,108809,108889],{},[180,108890,108812],{},[249,108892,108893,108894,108896],{},"You do ",[180,108895,870],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[26,108898,108900],{"className":28,"code":108899,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,108901,108902,108922,108936],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,108903,108904,108906,108908,108910,108912,108914,108916,108918,108920],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,108905,43],{"class":42},[36,108907,47],{"class":46},[36,108909,51],{"class":50},[36,108911,55],{"class":54},[36,108913,58],{"class":50},[36,108915,61],{"class":54},[36,108917,58],{"class":50},[36,108919,66],{"class":54},[36,108921,69],{"class":50},[36,108923,108924,108926,108928,108930,108932,108934],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,108925,149],{"class":42},[36,108927,303],{"class":50},[36,108929,102772],{"class":148},[36,108931,145],{"class":50},[36,108933,2183],{"class":54},[36,108935,152],{"class":50},[36,108937,108938,108940,108942,108944],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,108939,142],{"class":141},[36,108941,145],{"class":50},[36,108943,149],{"class":148},[36,108945,152],{"class":50},[14,108947,108948,108949,108951,108952,108956],{},"This does nothing if ",[33,108950,2183],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[294,108953,108954,1939],{"href":108308},[33,108955,102710],{}," for more examples.",[21,108958,1455],{"id":1454},[14,108960,71516,108961,1213],{},[33,108962,107952],{},[246,108964,108965,108971,108976,108981],{},[249,108966,108967,108968],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[33,108969,108970],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[249,108972,8489,108973,108975],{},[33,108974,12794],{}," to remove the first or last item",[249,108977,29685,108978,108980],{},[33,108979,12794],{}," on an empty set",[249,108982,1462,108983,108985],{},[33,108984,12794],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[14,108987,62330],{},[26,108989,108991],{"className":28,"code":108990,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[33,108992,108993,109003,109017,109031],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,108994,108995,108997,108999,109001],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,108996,142],{"class":141},[36,108998,145],{"class":50},[36,109000,1732],{"class":148},[36,109002,152],{"class":50},[36,109004,109005,109007,109009,109011,109013,109015],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,109006,142],{"class":141},[36,109008,145],{"class":50},[36,109010,438],{"class":141},[36,109012,145],{"class":50},[36,109014,1732],{"class":148},[36,109016,445],{"class":50},[36,109018,109019,109021,109023,109025,109027,109029],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,109020,142],{"class":141},[36,109022,145],{"class":50},[36,109024,818],{"class":80},[36,109026,145],{"class":50},[36,109028,1732],{"class":148},[36,109030,445],{"class":50},[36,109032,109033,109035,109037,109039,109041,109043],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,109034,28573],{"class":42},[36,109036,47],{"class":46},[36,109038,96952],{"class":42},[36,109040,303],{"class":50},[36,109042,26275],{"class":148},[36,109044,128],{"class":50},[14,109046,26042],{},[246,109048,109049,109052,109055,109058],{},[249,109050,109051],{},"What values are in the set",[249,109053,109054],{},"Whether the set is empty",[249,109056,109057],{},"That the object is really a set",[249,109059,109060],{},"What value was actually removed",[21,109062,1872],{"id":1871},[376,109064,12735,109066,109068],{"id":109065},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[33,109067,107952],{}," remove the first item?",[14,109070,109071,109072,109074],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[33,109073,12794],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[376,109076,109078,109079,2541],{"id":109077},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[33,109080,107952],{},[14,109082,109083,109084,109086,109087,109089],{},"No. Unlike list ",[33,109085,12794],{},", set ",[33,109088,12794],{}," does not accept an index.",[376,109091,109093],{"id":109092},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[14,109095,71685,109096,44667,109098,109100],{},[33,109097,19719],{},[33,109099,12794],{}," is called on an empty set.",[376,109102,109104],{"id":109103},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[14,109106,495,109107,298,109109,11122,109111,303],{},[33,109108,55568],{},[33,109110,102705],{},[33,109112,12794],{},[21,109114,1923],{"id":1922},[246,109116,109117,109121,109127,109133,109137],{},[249,109118,109119],{},[294,109120,297],{"href":296},[249,109122,109123],{},[294,109124,96842,109125,1939],{"href":98231},[33,109126,55568],{},[249,109128,109129],{},[294,109130,96842,109131,1939],{"href":108308},[33,109132,102705],{},[249,109134,109135],{},[294,109136,11292],{"href":11104},[249,109138,109139],{},[294,109140,55554],{"href":55106},[1962,109142,109143],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":109145},[109146,109147,109149,109150,109151,109152,109158,109167,109168,109176],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":108072,"depth":72,"text":109148},"What set.pop() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":108210,"depth":72,"text":108211},{"id":108313,"depth":72,"text":108314},{"id":108467,"depth":72,"text":108468,"children":109153},[109154,109156],{"id":108533,"depth":118,"text":109155},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108624,"depth":118,"text":109157},"Use try and except",{"id":108714,"depth":72,"text":109159,"children":109160},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109161,109163,109165],{"id":108726,"depth":118,"text":109162},"Use pop()",{"id":108798,"depth":118,"text":109164},"Use remove()",{"id":108878,"depth":118,"text":109166},"Use discard()",{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":109169},[109170,109172,109174,109175],{"id":109065,"depth":118,"text":109171},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109077,"depth":118,"text":109173},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109092,"depth":118,"text":109093},{"id":109103,"depth":118,"text":109104},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107940,"description":109177},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109184,"title":109185,"body":109186,"description":110340,"extension":2009,"meta":110341,"navigation":134,"path":110342,"seo":110343,"stem":110344,"__hash__":110345},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109187,"toc":110308},[109188,109193,109198,109207,109209,109274,109278,109302,109309,109314,109318,109333,109336,109338,109357,109371,109374,109422,109426,109442,109444,109517,109521,109546,109552,109560,109564,109571,109626,109631,109648,109654,109660,109665,109673,109680,109684,109692,109747,109749,109766,109770,109777,109842,109846,109879,109881,109893,109900,109902,109907,109914,109916,109985,109989,109997,109999,110063,110067,110072,110119,110124,110192,110200,110207,110210,110216,110221,110225,110227,110230,110232,110237,110242,110248,110253,110260,110268,110274,110277,110279,110305],[10,109189,96235,109191,11352],{"id":109190},"python-set-remove-method",[33,109192,55568],{},[14,109194,109195,109197],{},[33,109196,102719],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[14,109199,109200,109201,109204,109205,303],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[180,109202,109203],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[33,109206,19719],{},[21,109208,2051],{"id":2050},[26,109210,109212],{"className":28,"code":109211,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[33,109213,109214,109246,109264],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,109215,109216,109218,109220,109222,109224,109226,109228,109230,109232,109234,109236,109238,109240,109242,109244],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,109217,13108],{"class":42},[36,109219,47],{"class":46},[36,109221,51],{"class":50},[36,109223,88],{"class":87},[36,109225,13125],{"class":91},[36,109227,88],{"class":87},[36,109229,58],{"class":50},[36,109231,99],{"class":87},[36,109233,13142],{"class":91},[36,109235,88],{"class":87},[36,109237,58],{"class":50},[36,109239,99],{"class":87},[36,109241,17486],{"class":91},[36,109243,88],{"class":87},[36,109245,69],{"class":50},[36,109247,109248,109250,109252,109254,109256,109258,109260,109262],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,109249,17533],{"class":42},[36,109251,303],{"class":50},[36,109253,34829],{"class":148},[36,109255,145],{"class":50},[36,109257,88],{"class":87},[36,109259,13142],{"class":91},[36,109261,88],{"class":87},[36,109263,152],{"class":50},[36,109265,109266,109268,109270,109272],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,109267,142],{"class":141},[36,109269,145],{"class":50},[36,109271,17533],{"class":148},[36,109273,152],{"class":50},[14,109275,109276],{},[180,109277,350],{},[26,109279,109280],{"className":28,"code":103399,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,109281,109282],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,109283,109284,109286,109288,109290,109292,109294,109296,109298,109300],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,109285,192],{"class":50},[36,109287,211],{"class":87},[36,109289,13125],{"class":91},[36,109291,211],{"class":87},[36,109293,58],{"class":50},[36,109295,220],{"class":87},[36,109297,17486],{"class":91},[36,109299,211],{"class":87},[36,109301,69],{"class":50},[14,109303,495,109304,109306,109307,303],{},[33,109305,55568],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[33,109308,19719],{},[21,109310,3720,109312,3723],{"id":109311},"what-setremove-does",[33,109313,102719],{},[14,109315,109316,1213],{},[33,109317,102719],{},[246,109319,109320,109323,109325,109327],{},[249,109321,109322],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[249,109324,96348],{},[249,109326,96351],{},[249,109328,109329,109330,109332],{},"Raises ",[33,109331,19719],{}," if the value is missing",[14,109334,109335],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[21,109337,2205],{"id":2204},[26,109339,109341],{"className":28,"code":109340,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[33,109342,109343],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,109344,109345,109347,109349,109351,109353,109355],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,109346,1732],{"class":42},[36,109348,303],{"class":50},[36,109350,34829],{"class":148},[36,109352,145],{"class":50},[36,109354,1495],{"class":148},[36,109356,152],{"class":50},[246,109358,109359,109363,109368],{},[249,109360,109361,102941],{},[33,109362,1732],{},[249,109364,109365,109367],{},[33,109366,1495],{}," is the item to remove",[249,109369,109370],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[14,109372,109373],{},"Here is a small example:",[26,109375,109376],{"className":28,"code":108818,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,109377,109378,109398,109412],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,109379,109380,109382,109384,109386,109388,109390,109392,109394,109396],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,109381,43],{"class":42},[36,109383,47],{"class":46},[36,109385,51],{"class":50},[36,109387,55],{"class":54},[36,109389,58],{"class":50},[36,109391,61],{"class":54},[36,109393,58],{"class":50},[36,109395,66],{"class":54},[36,109397,69],{"class":50},[36,109399,109400,109402,109404,109406,109408,109410],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,109401,149],{"class":42},[36,109403,303],{"class":50},[36,109405,34829],{"class":148},[36,109407,145],{"class":50},[36,109409,481],{"class":54},[36,109411,152],{"class":50},[36,109413,109414,109416,109418,109420],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,109415,142],{"class":141},[36,109417,145],{"class":50},[36,109419,149],{"class":148},[36,109421,152],{"class":50},[14,109423,109424],{},[180,109425,350],{},[26,109427,109428],{"className":28,"code":101149,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,109429,109430],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,109431,109432,109434,109436,109438,109440],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,109433,192],{"class":50},[36,109435,55],{"class":54},[36,109437,58],{"class":50},[36,109439,66],{"class":54},[36,109441,69],{"class":50},[21,109443,11505],{"id":11504},[26,109445,109447],{"className":28,"code":109446,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[33,109448,109449,109481,109485,109503,109507],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,109450,109451,109453,109455,109457,109459,109461,109463,109465,109467,109469,109471,109473,109475,109477,109479],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,109452,36273],{"class":42},[36,109454,47],{"class":46},[36,109456,51],{"class":50},[36,109458,88],{"class":87},[36,109460,92],{"class":91},[36,109462,88],{"class":87},[36,109464,58],{"class":50},[36,109466,99],{"class":87},[36,109468,102],{"class":91},[36,109470,88],{"class":87},[36,109472,58],{"class":50},[36,109474,99],{"class":87},[36,109476,1005],{"class":91},[36,109478,88],{"class":87},[36,109480,69],{"class":50},[36,109482,109483],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,109484,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,109486,109487,109489,109491,109493,109495,109497,109499,109501],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,109488,36325],{"class":42},[36,109490,303],{"class":50},[36,109492,34829],{"class":148},[36,109494,145],{"class":50},[36,109496,88],{"class":87},[36,109498,102],{"class":91},[36,109500,88],{"class":87},[36,109502,152],{"class":50},[36,109504,109505],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,109506,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,109508,109509,109511,109513,109515],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,109510,142],{"class":141},[36,109512,145],{"class":50},[36,109514,36325],{"class":148},[36,109516,152],{"class":50},[14,109518,109519],{},[180,109520,350],{},[26,109522,109524],{"className":28,"code":109523,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[33,109525,109526],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,109527,109528,109530,109532,109534,109536,109538,109540,109542,109544],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,109529,192],{"class":50},[36,109531,211],{"class":87},[36,109533,92],{"class":91},[36,109535,211],{"class":87},[36,109537,58],{"class":50},[36,109539,220],{"class":87},[36,109541,1005],{"class":91},[36,109543,211],{"class":87},[36,109545,69],{"class":50},[14,109547,109548,109549,109551],{},"This removes ",[33,109550,65310],{}," from the set.",[14,109553,109554,109555,109557,109558,303],{},"A set does ",[180,109556,870],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[294,109559,96363],{"href":97905},[21,109561,109563],{"id":109562},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[14,109565,109566,109567,52533,109569,303],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[33,109568,55568],{},[33,109570,19719],{},[26,109572,109574],{"className":28,"code":109573,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[33,109575,109576,109608],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,109577,109578,109580,109582,109584,109586,109588,109590,109592,109594,109596,109598,109600,109602,109604,109606],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,109579,13108],{"class":42},[36,109581,47],{"class":46},[36,109583,51],{"class":50},[36,109585,88],{"class":87},[36,109587,13125],{"class":91},[36,109589,88],{"class":87},[36,109591,58],{"class":50},[36,109593,99],{"class":87},[36,109595,13142],{"class":91},[36,109597,88],{"class":87},[36,109599,58],{"class":50},[36,109601,99],{"class":87},[36,109603,17486],{"class":91},[36,109605,88],{"class":87},[36,109607,69],{"class":50},[36,109609,109610,109612,109614,109616,109618,109620,109622,109624],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,109611,17533],{"class":42},[36,109613,303],{"class":50},[36,109615,34829],{"class":148},[36,109617,145],{"class":50},[36,109619,88],{"class":87},[36,109621,22556],{"class":91},[36,109623,88],{"class":87},[36,109625,152],{"class":50},[14,109627,109628],{},[180,109629,109630],{},"Result:",[26,109632,109634],{"className":28,"code":109633,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[33,109635,109636],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,109637,109638,109640,109642,109644,109646],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,109639,19719],{"class":80},[36,109641,1213],{"class":50},[36,109643,220],{"class":87},[36,109645,22556],{"class":91},[36,109647,1228],{"class":87},[14,109649,22221,109650,109653],{},[33,109651,109652],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[14,109655,109656,109657,109659],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[33,109658,55568],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[14,109661,109662,109663,303],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[294,109664,11292],{"href":11104},[21,109666,4236,109668,109670,109671],{"id":109667},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[33,109669,55568],{}," is different from ",[33,109672,102705],{},[14,109674,109675,482,109677,109679],{},[33,109676,55568],{},[33,109678,102705],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[376,109681,109682],{"id":34829},[33,109683,55568],{},[246,109685,109686,109689],{},[249,109687,109688],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[249,109690,109691],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[26,109693,109695],{"className":28,"code":109694,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[33,109696,109697,109729],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,109698,109699,109701,109703,109705,109707,109709,109711,109713,109715,109717,109719,109721,109723,109725,109727],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,109700,697],{"class":42},[36,109702,47],{"class":46},[36,109704,51],{"class":50},[36,109706,88],{"class":87},[36,109708,294],{"class":91},[36,109710,88],{"class":87},[36,109712,58],{"class":50},[36,109714,99],{"class":87},[36,109716,1707],{"class":91},[36,109718,88],{"class":87},[36,109720,58],{"class":50},[36,109722,99],{"class":87},[36,109724,9770],{"class":91},[36,109726,88],{"class":87},[36,109728,69],{"class":50},[36,109730,109731,109733,109735,109737,109739,109741,109743,109745],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,109732,721],{"class":42},[36,109734,303],{"class":50},[36,109736,34829],{"class":148},[36,109738,145],{"class":50},[36,109740,88],{"class":87},[36,109742,18799],{"class":91},[36,109744,88],{"class":87},[36,109746,152],{"class":50},[14,109748,108505],{},[26,109750,109752],{"className":28,"code":109751,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[33,109753,109754],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,109755,109756,109758,109760,109762,109764],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,109757,19719],{"class":80},[36,109759,1213],{"class":50},[36,109761,220],{"class":87},[36,109763,18799],{"class":91},[36,109765,1228],{"class":87},[376,109767,109768],{"id":102772},[33,109769,102705],{},[246,109771,109772,109774],{},[249,109773,109688],{},[249,109775,109776],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[26,109778,109780],{"className":28,"code":109779,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[33,109781,109782,109814,109832],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,109783,109784,109786,109788,109790,109792,109794,109796,109798,109800,109802,109804,109806,109808,109810,109812],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,109785,697],{"class":42},[36,109787,47],{"class":46},[36,109789,51],{"class":50},[36,109791,88],{"class":87},[36,109793,294],{"class":91},[36,109795,88],{"class":87},[36,109797,58],{"class":50},[36,109799,99],{"class":87},[36,109801,1707],{"class":91},[36,109803,88],{"class":87},[36,109805,58],{"class":50},[36,109807,99],{"class":87},[36,109809,9770],{"class":91},[36,109811,88],{"class":87},[36,109813,69],{"class":50},[36,109815,109816,109818,109820,109822,109824,109826,109828,109830],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,109817,721],{"class":42},[36,109819,303],{"class":50},[36,109821,102772],{"class":148},[36,109823,145],{"class":50},[36,109825,88],{"class":87},[36,109827,18799],{"class":91},[36,109829,88],{"class":87},[36,109831,152],{"class":50},[36,109833,109834,109836,109838,109840],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,109835,142],{"class":141},[36,109837,145],{"class":50},[36,109839,721],{"class":148},[36,109841,152],{"class":50},[14,109843,109844],{},[180,109845,182],{},[26,109847,109849],{"className":28,"code":109848,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[33,109850,109851],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,109852,109853,109855,109857,109859,109861,109863,109865,109867,109869,109871,109873,109875,109877],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,109854,192],{"class":50},[36,109856,211],{"class":87},[36,109858,294],{"class":91},[36,109860,211],{"class":87},[36,109862,58],{"class":50},[36,109864,220],{"class":87},[36,109866,1707],{"class":91},[36,109868,211],{"class":87},[36,109870,58],{"class":50},[36,109872,220],{"class":87},[36,109874,9770],{"class":91},[36,109876,211],{"class":87},[36,109878,69],{"class":50},[14,109880,18726],{},[246,109882,109883,109888],{},[249,109884,109885,109887],{},[33,109886,55568],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[249,109889,109890,109892],{},[33,109891,102705],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[14,109894,109895,109896,303],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[294,109897,96842,109898,1939],{"href":108308},[33,109899,102705],{},[21,109901,4557],{"id":4556},[376,109903,8489,109905,97218],{"id":109904},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[33,109906,55568],{},[14,109908,109909,109911,109912,303],{},[33,109910,55568],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[33,109913,3822],{},[14,109915,16673],{},[26,109917,109919],{"className":28,"code":109918,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[33,109920,109921,109953,109975],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,109922,109923,109925,109927,109929,109931,109933,109935,109937,109939,109941,109943,109945,109947,109949,109951],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,109924,13108],{"class":42},[36,109926,47],{"class":46},[36,109928,51],{"class":50},[36,109930,88],{"class":87},[36,109932,13125],{"class":91},[36,109934,88],{"class":87},[36,109936,58],{"class":50},[36,109938,99],{"class":87},[36,109940,13142],{"class":91},[36,109942,88],{"class":87},[36,109944,58],{"class":50},[36,109946,99],{"class":87},[36,109948,17486],{"class":91},[36,109950,88],{"class":87},[36,109952,69],{"class":50},[36,109954,109955,109957,109959,109961,109963,109965,109967,109969,109971,109973],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,109956,13151],{"class":42},[36,109958,47],{"class":46},[36,109960,13156],{"class":42},[36,109962,303],{"class":50},[36,109964,34829],{"class":148},[36,109966,145],{"class":50},[36,109968,88],{"class":87},[36,109970,13142],{"class":91},[36,109972,88],{"class":87},[36,109974,152],{"class":50},[36,109976,109977,109979,109981,109983],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,109978,142],{"class":141},[36,109980,145],{"class":50},[36,109982,13175],{"class":148},[36,109984,152],{"class":50},[14,109986,109987],{},[180,109988,182],{},[26,109990,109991],{"className":28,"code":11838,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,109992,109993],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,109994,109995],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,109996,11838],{"class":1143},[14,109998,16685],{},[26,110000,110001],{"className":28,"code":109211,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,110002,110003,110035,110053],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,110004,110005,110007,110009,110011,110013,110015,110017,110019,110021,110023,110025,110027,110029,110031,110033],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,110006,13108],{"class":42},[36,110008,47],{"class":46},[36,110010,51],{"class":50},[36,110012,88],{"class":87},[36,110014,13125],{"class":91},[36,110016,88],{"class":87},[36,110018,58],{"class":50},[36,110020,99],{"class":87},[36,110022,13142],{"class":91},[36,110024,88],{"class":87},[36,110026,58],{"class":50},[36,110028,99],{"class":87},[36,110030,17486],{"class":91},[36,110032,88],{"class":87},[36,110034,69],{"class":50},[36,110036,110037,110039,110041,110043,110045,110047,110049,110051],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,110038,17533],{"class":42},[36,110040,303],{"class":50},[36,110042,34829],{"class":148},[36,110044,145],{"class":50},[36,110046,88],{"class":87},[36,110048,13142],{"class":91},[36,110050,88],{"class":87},[36,110052,152],{"class":50},[36,110054,110055,110057,110059,110061],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,110056,142],{"class":141},[36,110058,145],{"class":50},[36,110060,17533],{"class":148},[36,110062,152],{"class":50},[376,110064,110066],{"id":110065},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[14,110068,110069,110070,303],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[33,110071,19719],{},[26,110073,110075],{"className":28,"code":110074,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[33,110076,110077,110101],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,110078,110079,110081,110083,110085,110087,110089,110091,110093,110095,110097,110099],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,110080,13108],{"class":42},[36,110082,47],{"class":46},[36,110084,51],{"class":50},[36,110086,88],{"class":87},[36,110088,13125],{"class":91},[36,110090,88],{"class":87},[36,110092,58],{"class":50},[36,110094,99],{"class":87},[36,110096,13142],{"class":91},[36,110098,88],{"class":87},[36,110100,69],{"class":50},[36,110102,110103,110105,110107,110109,110111,110113,110115,110117],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,110104,17533],{"class":42},[36,110106,303],{"class":50},[36,110108,34829],{"class":148},[36,110110,145],{"class":50},[36,110112,88],{"class":87},[36,110114,17486],{"class":91},[36,110116,88],{"class":87},[36,110118,152],{"class":50},[14,110120,110121,110122,1213],{},"To check first, you can use ",[33,110123,3924],{},[26,110125,110127],{"className":28,"code":110126,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[33,110128,110129,110153,110157,110173],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,110130,110131,110133,110135,110137,110139,110141,110143,110145,110147,110149,110151],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,110132,13108],{"class":42},[36,110134,47],{"class":46},[36,110136,51],{"class":50},[36,110138,88],{"class":87},[36,110140,13125],{"class":91},[36,110142,88],{"class":87},[36,110144,58],{"class":50},[36,110146,99],{"class":87},[36,110148,13142],{"class":91},[36,110150,88],{"class":87},[36,110152,69],{"class":50},[36,110154,110155],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,110156,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,110158,110159,110161,110163,110165,110167,110169,110171],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,110160,7037],{"class":3917},[36,110162,99],{"class":87},[36,110164,17486],{"class":91},[36,110166,88],{"class":87},[36,110168,21205],{"class":46},[36,110170,13156],{"class":42},[36,110172,6433],{"class":50},[36,110174,110175,110178,110180,110182,110184,110186,110188,110190],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,110176,110177],{"class":42},"    colors",[36,110179,303],{"class":50},[36,110181,34829],{"class":148},[36,110183,145],{"class":50},[36,110185,88],{"class":87},[36,110187,17486],{"class":91},[36,110189,88],{"class":87},[36,110191,152],{"class":50},[14,110193,110194,110195,110199],{},"Or use ",[294,110196,110197],{"href":108308},[33,110198,102705],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[376,110201,37239,110203,8741,110205],{"id":110202},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[33,110204,102719],{},[33,110206,55114],{},[14,110208,110209],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[14,110211,110212,110213,110215],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[33,110214,102719],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[14,110217,110218,110219,303],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[294,110220,607],{"href":606},[376,110222,110224],{"id":110223},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[14,110226,108214],{},[14,110228,110229],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[21,110231,1872],{"id":1871},[376,110233,12735,110235,97317],{"id":110234},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[33,110236,102719],{},[14,110238,110239,110240,303],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[33,110241,3822],{},[376,110243,30321,110245,110247],{"id":110244},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[33,110246,102719],{}," raise?",[14,110249,30327,110250,110252],{},[33,110251,19719],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[376,110254,21452,110256,298,110258,2541],{"id":110255},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[33,110257,55568],{},[33,110259,102705],{},[14,110261,495,110262,110264,110265,110267],{},[33,110263,55568],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[33,110266,102705],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[376,110269,5210,110271,110273],{"id":110270},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[33,110272,102719],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[14,110275,110276],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[21,110278,1923],{"id":1922},[246,110280,110281,110287,110293,110297,110301],{},[249,110282,110283],{},[294,110284,96842,110285,1939],{"href":108308},[33,110286,102705],{},[249,110288,110289],{},[294,110290,96842,110291,1939],{"href":98236},[33,110292,12794],{},[249,110294,110295],{},[294,110296,97361],{"href":97905},[249,110298,110299],{},[294,110300,1952],{"href":606},[249,110302,110303],{},[294,110304,11292],{"href":11104},[1962,110306,110307],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":110309},[110310,110311,110313,110314,110315,110316,110321,110329,110339],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":109311,"depth":72,"text":110312},"What set.remove() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":11504,"depth":72,"text":11505},{"id":109562,"depth":72,"text":109563},{"id":109667,"depth":72,"text":110317,"children":110318},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110319,110320],{"id":34829,"depth":118,"text":55568},{"id":102772,"depth":118,"text":102705},{"id":4556,"depth":72,"text":4557,"children":110322},[110323,110325,110326,110328],{"id":109904,"depth":118,"text":110324},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110065,"depth":118,"text":110066},{"id":110202,"depth":118,"text":110327},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110223,"depth":118,"text":110224},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":110330},[110331,110333,110335,110337],{"id":110234,"depth":118,"text":110332},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110244,"depth":118,"text":110334},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110255,"depth":118,"text":110336},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110270,"depth":118,"text":110338},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109185,"description":110340},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110347,"title":110348,"body":110349,"description":111722,"extension":2009,"meta":111723,"navigation":134,"path":111724,"seo":111725,"stem":111726,"__hash__":111727},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110350,"toc":111697},[110351,110357,110363,110366,110369,110383,110385,110466,110469,110474,110478,110492,110499,110501,110520,110523,110541,110543,110623,110625,110650,110654,110657,110665,110670,110675,110677,110690,110695,110698,110722,110725,110733,110735,110738,110835,110837,110870,110872,110898,110905,110908,110912,110920,110924,110932,110934,111024,111026,111040,111047,111052,111057,111059,111150,111152,111164,111166,111180,111186,111194,111196,111278,111280,111325,111328,111336,111339,111341,111345,111388,111390,111410,111415,111417,111502,111504,111509,111511,111518,111526,111532,111535,111537,111623,111625,111649,111653,111656,111658,111685,111695],[10,110352,96235,110354,11352],{"id":110353},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[33,110355,110356],{},"symmetric_difference()",[14,110358,110359,110362],{},[33,110360,110361],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[14,110364,110365],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[14,110367,110368],{},"Use it when:",[246,110370,110371,110374,110380],{},[249,110372,110373],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[249,110375,110376,110377,110379],{},"you do ",[180,110378,870],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[249,110381,110382],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[21,110384,24],{"id":23},[26,110386,110388],{"className":28,"code":110387,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[33,110389,110390,110410,110430,110434,110453],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,110391,110392,110394,110396,110398,110400,110402,110404,110406,110408],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,110393,2604],{"class":42},[36,110395,47],{"class":46},[36,110397,51],{"class":50},[36,110399,55],{"class":54},[36,110401,58],{"class":50},[36,110403,61],{"class":54},[36,110405,58],{"class":50},[36,110407,66],{"class":54},[36,110409,69],{"class":50},[36,110411,110412,110414,110416,110418,110420,110422,110424,110426,110428],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,110413,2632],{"class":42},[36,110415,47],{"class":46},[36,110417,51],{"class":50},[36,110419,485],{"class":54},[36,110421,58],{"class":50},[36,110423,559],{"class":54},[36,110425,58],{"class":50},[36,110427,4644],{"class":54},[36,110429,69],{"class":50},[36,110431,110432],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,110433,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,110435,110436,110438,110440,110442,110444,110447,110449,110451],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,110437,2280],{"class":42},[36,110439,47],{"class":46},[36,110441,56925],{"class":42},[36,110443,303],{"class":50},[36,110445,110446],{"class":148},"symmetric_difference",[36,110448,145],{"class":50},[36,110450,1707],{"class":148},[36,110452,152],{"class":50},[36,110454,110455,110457,110459,110461,110463],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,110456,142],{"class":141},[36,110458,145],{"class":50},[36,110460,2315],{"class":148},[36,110462,3703],{"class":50},[36,110464,110465],{"class":1617},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[14,110467,110468],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[21,110470,3720,110472,3723],{"id":110471},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[33,110473,110356],{},[14,110475,110476,1213],{},[33,110477,110361],{},[246,110479,110480,110483,110486,110489],{},[249,110481,110482],{},"returns a new set",[249,110484,110485],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[249,110487,110488],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[249,110490,110491],{},"does not change the original set",[14,110493,96357,110494,298,110496,303],{},[294,110495,297],{"href":96360},[294,110497,110498],{"href":2011},"creating a set in Python",[21,110500,2205],{"id":2204},[26,110502,110504],{"className":28,"code":110503,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[33,110505,110506],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,110507,110508,110510,110512,110514,110516,110518],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,110509,100436],{"class":42},[36,110511,303],{"class":50},[36,110513,110446],{"class":148},[36,110515,145],{"class":50},[36,110517,100445],{"class":148},[36,110519,152],{"class":50},[14,110521,110522],{},"Notes:",[246,110524,110525,110530,110535,110538],{},[249,110526,110527,110529],{},[33,110528,100436],{}," must be a set",[249,110531,110532,110534],{},[33,110533,100445],{}," can be any iterable",[249,110536,110537],{},"the result is always a set",[249,110539,110540],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[14,110542,2257],{},[26,110544,110546],{"className":28,"code":110545,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[33,110547,110548,110569,110590,110594,110613],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,110549,110550,110553,110555,110557,110559,110561,110563,110565,110567],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,110551,110552],{"class":42},"set1 ",[36,110554,47],{"class":46},[36,110556,51],{"class":50},[36,110558,55],{"class":54},[36,110560,58],{"class":50},[36,110562,61],{"class":54},[36,110564,58],{"class":50},[36,110566,66],{"class":54},[36,110568,69],{"class":50},[36,110570,110571,110574,110576,110578,110580,110582,110584,110586,110588],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,110572,110573],{"class":42},"set2 ",[36,110575,47],{"class":46},[36,110577,51],{"class":50},[36,110579,485],{"class":54},[36,110581,58],{"class":50},[36,110583,559],{"class":54},[36,110585,58],{"class":50},[36,110587,4644],{"class":54},[36,110589,69],{"class":50},[36,110591,110592],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,110593,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,110595,110596,110598,110600,110603,110605,110607,110609,110611],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,110597,2280],{"class":42},[36,110599,47],{"class":46},[36,110601,110602],{"class":42}," set1",[36,110604,303],{"class":50},[36,110606,110446],{"class":148},[36,110608,145],{"class":50},[36,110610,100445],{"class":148},[36,110612,152],{"class":50},[36,110614,110615,110617,110619,110621],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,110616,142],{"class":141},[36,110618,145],{"class":50},[36,110620,2315],{"class":148},[36,110622,152],{"class":50},[14,110624,182],{},[26,110626,110628],{"className":28,"code":110627,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[33,110629,110630],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,110631,110632,110634,110636,110638,110640,110642,110644,110646,110648],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,110633,192],{"class":50},[36,110635,55],{"class":54},[36,110637,58],{"class":50},[36,110639,61],{"class":54},[36,110641,58],{"class":50},[36,110643,559],{"class":54},[36,110645,58],{"class":50},[36,110647,4644],{"class":54},[36,110649,69],{"class":50},[21,110651,110653],{"id":110652},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[14,110655,110656],{},"The result includes:",[246,110658,110659,110662],{},[249,110660,110661],{},"items only in the first set",[249,110663,110664],{},"items only in the second set",[14,110666,110667,110668,11113],{},"The result does ",[180,110669,870],{},[246,110671,110672],{},[249,110673,110674],{},"items shared by both sets",[14,110676,5512],{},[246,110678,110679,110684],{},[249,110680,110681,110682],{},"first set: ",[33,110683,1882],{},[249,110685,110686,110687],{},"second set: ",[33,110688,110689],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[14,110691,4090,110692,110694],{},[33,110693,485],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[14,110696,110697],{},"The output is:",[26,110699,110700],{"className":28,"code":110627,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,110701,110702],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,110703,110704,110706,110708,110710,110712,110714,110716,110718,110720],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,110705,192],{"class":50},[36,110707,55],{"class":54},[36,110709,58],{"class":50},[36,110711,61],{"class":54},[36,110713,58],{"class":50},[36,110715,559],{"class":54},[36,110717,58],{"class":50},[36,110719,4644],{"class":54},[36,110721,69],{"class":50},[14,110723,110724],{},"Also remember:",[246,110726,110727,110730],{},[249,110728,110729],{},"sets are unordered",[249,110731,110732],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[21,110734,11505],{"id":11504},[14,110736,110737],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[26,110739,110741],{"className":28,"code":110740,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,110742,110743,110775,110799,110803,110821,110825],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,110744,110745,110747,110749,110751,110753,110755,110757,110759,110761,110763,110765,110767,110769,110771,110773],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,110746,106876],{"class":42},[36,110748,47],{"class":46},[36,110750,51],{"class":50},[36,110752,88],{"class":87},[36,110754,13125],{"class":91},[36,110756,88],{"class":87},[36,110758,58],{"class":50},[36,110760,99],{"class":87},[36,110762,13142],{"class":91},[36,110764,88],{"class":87},[36,110766,58],{"class":50},[36,110768,99],{"class":87},[36,110770,17486],{"class":91},[36,110772,88],{"class":87},[36,110774,69],{"class":50},[36,110776,110777,110779,110781,110783,110785,110787,110789,110791,110793,110795,110797],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,110778,106909],{"class":42},[36,110780,47],{"class":46},[36,110782,51],{"class":50},[36,110784,88],{"class":87},[36,110786,17486],{"class":91},[36,110788,88],{"class":87},[36,110790,58],{"class":50},[36,110792,99],{"class":87},[36,110794,22556],{"class":91},[36,110796,88],{"class":87},[36,110798,69],{"class":50},[36,110800,110801],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,110802,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,110804,110805,110807,110809,110811,110813,110815,110817,110819],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,110806,2280],{"class":42},[36,110808,47],{"class":46},[36,110810,106951],{"class":42},[36,110812,303],{"class":50},[36,110814,110446],{"class":148},[36,110816,145],{"class":50},[36,110818,106960],{"class":148},[36,110820,152],{"class":50},[36,110822,110823],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,110824,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,110826,110827,110829,110831,110833],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,110828,142],{"class":141},[36,110830,145],{"class":50},[36,110832,2315],{"class":148},[36,110834,152],{"class":50},[14,110836,182],{},[26,110838,110840],{"className":28,"code":110839,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[33,110841,110842],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,110843,110844,110846,110848,110850,110852,110854,110856,110858,110860,110862,110864,110866,110868],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,110845,192],{"class":50},[36,110847,211],{"class":87},[36,110849,13125],{"class":91},[36,110851,211],{"class":87},[36,110853,58],{"class":50},[36,110855,220],{"class":87},[36,110857,13142],{"class":91},[36,110859,211],{"class":87},[36,110861,58],{"class":50},[36,110863,220],{"class":87},[36,110865,22556],{"class":91},[36,110867,211],{"class":87},[36,110869,69],{"class":50},[14,110871,13442],{},[246,110873,110874,110879,110890],{},[249,110875,110876,110878],{},[33,110877,96522],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[249,110880,110881,482,110883,110886,110887,110889],{},[33,110882,65428],{},[33,110884,110885],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[33,110888,107013],{},", so they stay",[249,110891,110892,110894,110895,110897],{},[33,110893,109652],{}," is only in ",[33,110896,106960],{},", so it stays",[21,110899,110901,10615,110903],{"id":110900},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[33,110902,110356],{},[33,110904,100265],{},[14,110906,110907],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[14,110909,110910,1213],{},[33,110911,100265],{},[246,110913,110914,110917],{},[249,110915,110916],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[249,110918,110919],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[14,110921,110922,1213],{},[33,110923,110356],{},[246,110925,110926,110929],{},[249,110927,110928],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[249,110930,110931],{},"removes shared items",[14,110933,2257],{},[26,110935,110937],{"className":28,"code":110936,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[33,110938,110939,110959,110979,110983,111004],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,110940,110941,110943,110945,110947,110949,110951,110953,110955,110957],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,110942,2604],{"class":42},[36,110944,47],{"class":46},[36,110946,51],{"class":50},[36,110948,55],{"class":54},[36,110950,58],{"class":50},[36,110952,61],{"class":54},[36,110954,58],{"class":50},[36,110956,66],{"class":54},[36,110958,69],{"class":50},[36,110960,110961,110963,110965,110967,110969,110971,110973,110975,110977],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,110962,2632],{"class":42},[36,110964,47],{"class":46},[36,110966,51],{"class":50},[36,110968,485],{"class":54},[36,110970,58],{"class":50},[36,110972,559],{"class":54},[36,110974,58],{"class":50},[36,110976,4644],{"class":54},[36,110978,69],{"class":50},[36,110980,110981],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,110982,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,110984,110985,110987,110989,110991,110993,110995,110997,110999,111001],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,110986,142],{"class":141},[36,110988,145],{"class":50},[36,110990,294],{"class":148},[36,110992,303],{"class":50},[36,110994,2862],{"class":148},[36,110996,145],{"class":50},[36,110998,1707],{"class":148},[36,111000,5402],{"class":50},[36,111002,111003],{"class":1617},"            # {1, 2}\n",[36,111005,111006,111008,111010,111012,111014,111016,111018,111020,111022],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,111007,142],{"class":141},[36,111009,145],{"class":50},[36,111011,294],{"class":148},[36,111013,303],{"class":50},[36,111015,110446],{"class":148},[36,111017,145],{"class":50},[36,111019,1707],{"class":148},[36,111021,5402],{"class":50},[36,111023,110465],{"class":1617},[14,111025,18726],{},[246,111027,111028,111035],{},[249,111029,111030,111034],{},[294,111031,111032],{"href":102691},[33,111033,100265],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[249,111036,111037,111039],{},[33,111038,110356],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[21,111041,111043,10615,111045],{"id":111042},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[33,111044,110356],{},[33,111046,102650],{},[14,111048,111049,111051],{},[33,111050,102650],{}," combines both sets.",[14,111053,111054,111056],{},[33,111055,110356],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[14,111058,2257],{},[26,111060,111062],{"className":28,"code":111061,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[33,111063,111064,111084,111104,111108,111130],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,111065,111066,111068,111070,111072,111074,111076,111078,111080,111082],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,111067,2604],{"class":42},[36,111069,47],{"class":46},[36,111071,51],{"class":50},[36,111073,55],{"class":54},[36,111075,58],{"class":50},[36,111077,61],{"class":54},[36,111079,58],{"class":50},[36,111081,66],{"class":54},[36,111083,69],{"class":50},[36,111085,111086,111088,111090,111092,111094,111096,111098,111100,111102],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,111087,2632],{"class":42},[36,111089,47],{"class":46},[36,111091,51],{"class":50},[36,111093,485],{"class":54},[36,111095,58],{"class":50},[36,111097,559],{"class":54},[36,111099,58],{"class":50},[36,111101,4644],{"class":54},[36,111103,69],{"class":50},[36,111105,111106],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,111107,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,111109,111110,111112,111114,111116,111118,111121,111123,111125,111127],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,111111,142],{"class":141},[36,111113,145],{"class":50},[36,111115,294],{"class":148},[36,111117,303],{"class":50},[36,111119,111120],{"class":148},"union",[36,111122,145],{"class":50},[36,111124,1707],{"class":148},[36,111126,5402],{"class":50},[36,111128,111129],{"class":1617},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[36,111131,111132,111134,111136,111138,111140,111142,111144,111146,111148],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,111133,142],{"class":141},[36,111135,145],{"class":50},[36,111137,294],{"class":148},[36,111139,303],{"class":50},[36,111141,110446],{"class":148},[36,111143,145],{"class":50},[36,111145,1707],{"class":148},[36,111147,5402],{"class":50},[36,111149,110465],{"class":1617},[14,111151,27255],{},[246,111153,111154,111159],{},[249,111155,111156,111158],{},[33,111157,102650],{}," includes everything",[249,111160,111161,111163],{},[33,111162,110356],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[14,111165,18726],{},[246,111167,111168,111175],{},[249,111169,111170,111174],{},[294,111171,111172],{"href":107581},[33,111173,102650],{}," when overlap does not matter",[249,111176,111177,111179],{},[33,111178,110356],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[21,111181,36647,111183,101449],{"id":111182},"using-the-operator",[33,111184,111185],{},"^",[14,111187,111188,111189,111191,111192,303],{},"For sets, the ",[33,111190,111185],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[33,111193,110356],{},[14,111195,2257],{},[26,111197,111199],{"className":28,"code":111198,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[33,111200,111201,111221,111241,111245,111263],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,111202,111203,111205,111207,111209,111211,111213,111215,111217,111219],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,111204,110552],{"class":42},[36,111206,47],{"class":46},[36,111208,51],{"class":50},[36,111210,55],{"class":54},[36,111212,58],{"class":50},[36,111214,61],{"class":54},[36,111216,58],{"class":50},[36,111218,66],{"class":54},[36,111220,69],{"class":50},[36,111222,111223,111225,111227,111229,111231,111233,111235,111237,111239],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,111224,110573],{"class":42},[36,111226,47],{"class":46},[36,111228,51],{"class":50},[36,111230,485],{"class":54},[36,111232,58],{"class":50},[36,111234,559],{"class":54},[36,111236,58],{"class":50},[36,111238,4644],{"class":54},[36,111240,69],{"class":50},[36,111242,111243],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,111244,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,111246,111247,111249,111251,111253,111255,111257,111259,111261],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,111248,142],{"class":141},[36,111250,145],{"class":50},[36,111252,100436],{"class":148},[36,111254,303],{"class":50},[36,111256,110446],{"class":148},[36,111258,145],{"class":50},[36,111260,100445],{"class":148},[36,111262,445],{"class":50},[36,111264,111265,111267,111269,111271,111273,111276],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,111266,142],{"class":141},[36,111268,145],{"class":50},[36,111270,110552],{"class":148},[36,111272,111185],{"class":46},[36,111274,111275],{"class":148}," set2",[36,111277,152],{"class":50},[14,111279,350],{},[26,111281,111283],{"className":28,"code":111282,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[33,111284,111285,111305],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,111286,111287,111289,111291,111293,111295,111297,111299,111301,111303],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,111288,192],{"class":50},[36,111290,55],{"class":54},[36,111292,58],{"class":50},[36,111294,61],{"class":54},[36,111296,58],{"class":50},[36,111298,559],{"class":54},[36,111300,58],{"class":50},[36,111302,4644],{"class":54},[36,111304,69],{"class":50},[36,111306,111307,111309,111311,111313,111315,111317,111319,111321,111323],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,111308,192],{"class":50},[36,111310,55],{"class":54},[36,111312,58],{"class":50},[36,111314,61],{"class":54},[36,111316,58],{"class":50},[36,111318,559],{"class":54},[36,111320,58],{"class":50},[36,111322,4644],{"class":54},[36,111324,69],{"class":50},[14,111326,111327],{},"Both forms:",[246,111329,111330,111333],{},[249,111331,111332],{},"return a new set",[249,111334,111335],{},"do not change the original sets",[14,111337,111338],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[21,111340,4557],{"id":4556},[14,111342,21243,111343,1213],{},[33,111344,110356],{},[246,111346,111347,111355,111365,111380],{},[249,111348,111349,111352,111354],{},[180,111350,111351],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9876,111353],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[249,111356,111357,111360,111362,111364],{},[180,111358,111359],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9876,111361],{},[33,111363,110356],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[249,111366,111367,111372,111374,111376,111377,111379],{},[180,111368,111369,111370],{},"Confusing it with ",[33,111371,100265],{},[9876,111373],{},[33,111375,100265],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[33,111378,110356],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[249,111381,111382,111385,111387],{},[180,111383,111384],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9876,111386],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[14,111389,58900],{},[246,111391,111392,111401,111404,111407],{},[249,111393,50530,111394,44667,111396,111400],{},[33,111395,110356],{},[294,111397,111398],{"href":107581},[33,111399,102650],{}," is actually needed",[249,111402,111403],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[249,111405,111406],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[249,111408,111409],{},"being confused by output order",[14,111411,111412,111413,303],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[294,111414,607],{"href":105194},[14,111416,62330],{},[26,111418,111420],{"className":28,"code":111419,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[33,111421,111422,111432,111442,111460,111474,111488],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,111423,111424,111426,111428,111430],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,111425,142],{"class":141},[36,111427,145],{"class":50},[36,111429,100436],{"class":148},[36,111431,152],{"class":50},[36,111433,111434,111436,111438,111440],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,111435,142],{"class":141},[36,111437,145],{"class":50},[36,111439,100445],{"class":148},[36,111441,152],{"class":50},[36,111443,111444,111446,111448,111450,111452,111454,111456,111458],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,111445,142],{"class":141},[36,111447,145],{"class":50},[36,111449,100436],{"class":148},[36,111451,303],{"class":50},[36,111453,110446],{"class":148},[36,111455,145],{"class":50},[36,111457,100445],{"class":148},[36,111459,445],{"class":50},[36,111461,111462,111464,111466,111468,111470,111472],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,111463,142],{"class":141},[36,111465,145],{"class":50},[36,111467,110552],{"class":148},[36,111469,111185],{"class":46},[36,111471,111275],{"class":148},[36,111473,152],{"class":50},[36,111475,111476,111478,111480,111482,111484,111486],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,111477,142],{"class":141},[36,111479,145],{"class":50},[36,111481,818],{"class":80},[36,111483,145],{"class":50},[36,111485,100436],{"class":148},[36,111487,445],{"class":50},[36,111489,111490,111492,111494,111496,111498,111500],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,111491,142],{"class":141},[36,111493,145],{"class":50},[36,111495,818],{"class":80},[36,111497,145],{"class":50},[36,111499,100445],{"class":148},[36,111501,445],{"class":50},[21,111503,1872],{"id":1871},[376,111505,12735,111507,102590],{"id":111506},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[33,111508,110356],{},[14,111510,102593],{},[376,111512,5220,111514,482,111516,2541],{"id":111513},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[33,111515,110356],{},[33,111517,100265],{},[14,111519,111520,111522,111523,111525],{},[33,111521,100265],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[33,111524,110356],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[376,111527,28363,111529,111531],{"id":111528},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[33,111530,110356],{}," with lists?",[14,111533,111534],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[14,111536,2257],{},[26,111538,111540],{"className":28,"code":111539,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[33,111541,111542,111562,111582,111586,111613],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,111543,111544,111546,111548,111550,111552,111554,111556,111558,111560],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,111545,80692],{"class":42},[36,111547,47],{"class":46},[36,111549,1333],{"class":50},[36,111551,55],{"class":54},[36,111553,58],{"class":50},[36,111555,61],{"class":54},[36,111557,58],{"class":50},[36,111559,66],{"class":54},[36,111561,1355],{"class":50},[36,111563,111564,111566,111568,111570,111572,111574,111576,111578,111580],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,111565,80713],{"class":42},[36,111567,47],{"class":46},[36,111569,1333],{"class":50},[36,111571,485],{"class":54},[36,111573,58],{"class":50},[36,111575,559],{"class":54},[36,111577,58],{"class":50},[36,111579,4644],{"class":54},[36,111581,1355],{"class":50},[36,111583,111584],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,111585,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,111587,111588,111590,111592,111594,111596,111599,111601,111603,111605,111607,111609,111611],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,111589,2280],{"class":42},[36,111591,47],{"class":46},[36,111593,81],{"class":80},[36,111595,145],{"class":50},[36,111597,111598],{"class":148},"list1",[36,111600,8668],{"class":50},[36,111602,110446],{"class":148},[36,111604,145],{"class":50},[36,111606,231],{"class":80},[36,111608,145],{"class":50},[36,111610,80979],{"class":148},[36,111612,445],{"class":50},[36,111614,111615,111617,111619,111621],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,111616,142],{"class":141},[36,111618,145],{"class":50},[36,111620,2315],{"class":148},[36,111622,152],{"class":50},[14,111624,182],{},[26,111626,111627],{"className":28,"code":110627,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,111628,111629],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,111630,111631,111633,111635,111637,111639,111641,111643,111645,111647],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,111632,192],{"class":50},[36,111634,55],{"class":54},[36,111636,58],{"class":50},[36,111638,61],{"class":54},[36,111640,58],{"class":50},[36,111642,559],{"class":54},[36,111644,58],{"class":50},[36,111646,4644],{"class":54},[36,111648,69],{"class":50},[376,111650,111652],{"id":111651},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[14,111654,111655],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[21,111657,1923],{"id":1922},[246,111659,111660,111664,111669,111675,111681],{},[249,111661,111662],{},[294,111663,297],{"href":96360},[249,111665,111666],{},[294,111667,111668],{"href":2011},"Creating a set in Python",[249,111670,111671],{},[294,111672,96842,111673,1939],{"href":102691},[33,111674,100265],{},[249,111676,111677],{},[294,111678,96842,111679,1939],{"href":107581},[33,111680,102650],{},[249,111682,111683],{},[294,111684,1952],{"href":105194},[14,111686,111687,111688,2238,111690,17102,111692,111694],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[33,111689,100265],{},[33,111691,102650],{},[33,111693,110356],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1962,111696,57279],{},{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":111698},[111699,111700,111702,111703,111704,111705,111707,111709,111711,111712,111721],{"id":23,"depth":72,"text":24},{"id":110471,"depth":72,"text":111701},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":110652,"depth":72,"text":110653},{"id":11504,"depth":72,"text":11505},{"id":110900,"depth":72,"text":111706},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111042,"depth":72,"text":111708},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111182,"depth":72,"text":111710},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4556,"depth":72,"text":4557},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":111713},[111714,111716,111718,111720],{"id":111506,"depth":118,"text":111715},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111513,"depth":118,"text":111717},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111528,"depth":118,"text":111719},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111651,"depth":118,"text":111652},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110348,"description":111722},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111729,"title":111730,"body":111731,"description":113794,"extension":2009,"meta":113795,"navigation":134,"path":107581,"seo":113796,"stem":113797,"__hash__":113798},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111732,"toc":113753},[111733,111738,111743,111746,111759,111761,111843,111848,111853,111857,111869,111872,111876,111878,111905,111907,111918,111921,111990,111992,111998,112001,112011,112013,112102,112107,112109,112116,112119,112121,112124,112244,112246,112315,112318,112335,112340,112343,112459,112461,112490,112493,112499,112504,112508,112589,112591,112619,112624,112628,112723,112725,112766,112770,112773,112840,112842,112883,112889,112904,112911,112918,112922,112928,113014,113018,113026,113097,113102,113109,113111,113117,113119,113184,113186,113202,113207,113210,113279,113283,113286,113345,113348,113352,113405,113418,113421,113474,113478,113480,113511,113514,113519,113572,113576,113579,113600,113612,113614,113667,113669,113674,113676,113682,113685,113691,113696,113700,113703,113711,113720,113722,113750],[10,111734,1935,111736,11352],{"id":111735},"python-setunion-method",[33,111737,107894],{},[14,111739,111740,111742],{},[33,111741,107894],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[14,111744,111745],{},"It is useful when you want:",[246,111747,111748,111751,111756],{},[249,111749,111750],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[249,111752,2604,111753,111755],{},[180,111754,100620],{}," as the result",[249,111757,111758],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[21,111760,2051],{"id":2050},[26,111762,111764],{"className":28,"code":111763,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[33,111765,111766,111786,111806,111810,111828,111838],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,111767,111768,111770,111772,111774,111776,111778,111780,111782,111784],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,111769,110552],{"class":42},[36,111771,47],{"class":46},[36,111773,51],{"class":50},[36,111775,55],{"class":54},[36,111777,58],{"class":50},[36,111779,61],{"class":54},[36,111781,58],{"class":50},[36,111783,66],{"class":54},[36,111785,69],{"class":50},[36,111787,111788,111790,111792,111794,111796,111798,111800,111802,111804],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,111789,110573],{"class":42},[36,111791,47],{"class":46},[36,111793,51],{"class":50},[36,111795,485],{"class":54},[36,111797,58],{"class":50},[36,111799,559],{"class":54},[36,111801,58],{"class":50},[36,111803,4644],{"class":54},[36,111805,69],{"class":50},[36,111807,111808],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,111809,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,111811,111812,111814,111816,111818,111820,111822,111824,111826],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,111813,2280],{"class":42},[36,111815,47],{"class":46},[36,111817,110602],{"class":42},[36,111819,303],{"class":50},[36,111821,111120],{"class":148},[36,111823,145],{"class":50},[36,111825,100445],{"class":148},[36,111827,152],{"class":50},[36,111829,111830,111832,111834,111836],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,111831,142],{"class":141},[36,111833,145],{"class":50},[36,111835,2315],{"class":148},[36,111837,152],{"class":50},[36,111839,111840],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,111841,111842],{"class":1617},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[14,111844,111845,111847],{},[33,111846,102650],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[21,111849,3720,111851,3723],{"id":111850},"what-setunion-does",[33,111852,107894],{},[14,111854,111855,1213],{},[33,111856,107894],{},[246,111858,111859,111862,111865,111867],{},[249,111860,111861],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[249,111863,111864],{},"keeps only unique values",[249,111866,110482],{},[249,111868,110491],{},[14,111870,111871],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[14,111873,96357,111874,303],{},[294,111875,297],{"href":296},[21,111877,2205],{"id":2204},[26,111879,111881],{"className":28,"code":111880,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[33,111882,111883],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,111884,111885,111887,111889,111891,111893,111895,111897,111899,111901,111903],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,111886,100436],{"class":42},[36,111888,303],{"class":50},[36,111890,111120],{"class":148},[36,111892,145],{"class":50},[36,111894,100445],{"class":148},[36,111896,58],{"class":50},[36,111898,100472],{"class":148},[36,111900,58],{"class":50},[36,111902,34488],{"class":141},[36,111904,152],{"class":50},[14,111906,13084],{},[246,111908,111909,111912,111915],{},[249,111910,111911],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[249,111913,111914],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[249,111916,111917],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[14,111919,111920],{},"Example with two sets:",[26,111922,111924],{"className":28,"code":111923,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[33,111925,111926,111942,111958,111962,111980],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,111927,111928,111930,111932,111934,111936,111938,111940],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,111929,2604],{"class":42},[36,111931,47],{"class":46},[36,111933,51],{"class":50},[36,111935,55],{"class":54},[36,111937,58],{"class":50},[36,111939,61],{"class":54},[36,111941,69],{"class":50},[36,111943,111944,111946,111948,111950,111952,111954,111956],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,111945,2632],{"class":42},[36,111947,47],{"class":46},[36,111949,51],{"class":50},[36,111951,481],{"class":54},[36,111953,58],{"class":50},[36,111955,66],{"class":54},[36,111957,69],{"class":50},[36,111959,111960],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,111961,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,111963,111964,111966,111968,111970,111972,111974,111976,111978],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,111965,2280],{"class":42},[36,111967,47],{"class":46},[36,111969,56925],{"class":42},[36,111971,303],{"class":50},[36,111973,111120],{"class":148},[36,111975,145],{"class":50},[36,111977,1707],{"class":148},[36,111979,152],{"class":50},[36,111981,111982,111984,111986,111988],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,111983,142],{"class":141},[36,111985,145],{"class":50},[36,111987,2315],{"class":148},[36,111989,152],{"class":50},[21,111991,22002],{"id":22001},[14,111993,111994,100617,111996,303],{},[33,111995,107894],{},[180,111997,100620],{},[14,111999,112000],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[246,112002,112003,112006],{},[249,112004,112005],{},"the original set",[249,112007,112008,112009],{},"all arguments passed to ",[33,112010,102650],{},[14,112012,2257],{},[26,112014,112016],{"className":28,"code":112015,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[33,112017,112018,112034,112050,112054,112072,112076,112089],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,112019,112020,112022,112024,112026,112028,112030,112032],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,112021,2604],{"class":42},[36,112023,47],{"class":46},[36,112025,51],{"class":50},[36,112027,55],{"class":54},[36,112029,58],{"class":50},[36,112031,61],{"class":54},[36,112033,69],{"class":50},[36,112035,112036,112038,112040,112042,112044,112046,112048],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,112037,2632],{"class":42},[36,112039,47],{"class":46},[36,112041,51],{"class":50},[36,112043,481],{"class":54},[36,112045,58],{"class":50},[36,112047,66],{"class":54},[36,112049,69],{"class":50},[36,112051,112052],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,112053,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,112055,112056,112058,112060,112062,112064,112066,112068,112070],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,112057,2280],{"class":42},[36,112059,47],{"class":46},[36,112061,56925],{"class":42},[36,112063,303],{"class":50},[36,112065,111120],{"class":148},[36,112067,145],{"class":50},[36,112069,1707],{"class":148},[36,112071,152],{"class":50},[36,112073,112074],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,112075,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,112077,112078,112080,112082,112084,112086],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,112079,142],{"class":141},[36,112081,145],{"class":50},[36,112083,2315],{"class":148},[36,112085,3703],{"class":50},[36,112087,112088],{"class":1617},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[36,112090,112091,112093,112095,112097,112099],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,112092,142],{"class":141},[36,112094,145],{"class":50},[36,112096,294],{"class":148},[36,112098,3703],{"class":50},[36,112100,112101],{"class":1617},"       # {1, 2}\n",[14,112103,2337,112104,112106],{},[33,112105,294],{}," did not change.",[14,112108,110724],{},[246,112110,112111,112113],{},[249,112112,110729],{},[249,112114,112115],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[14,112117,112118],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[21,112120,11505],{"id":11504},[14,112122,112123],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[26,112125,112127],{"className":28,"code":112126,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[33,112128,112129,112162,112195,112199,112219,112223,112233],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,112130,112131,112134,112136,112138,112140,112142,112144,112146,112148,112150,112152,112154,112156,112158,112160],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,112132,112133],{"class":42},"fruits1 ",[36,112135,47],{"class":46},[36,112137,51],{"class":50},[36,112139,88],{"class":87},[36,112141,92],{"class":91},[36,112143,88],{"class":87},[36,112145,58],{"class":50},[36,112147,99],{"class":87},[36,112149,102],{"class":91},[36,112151,88],{"class":87},[36,112153,58],{"class":50},[36,112155,99],{"class":87},[36,112157,1005],{"class":91},[36,112159,88],{"class":87},[36,112161,69],{"class":50},[36,112163,112164,112167,112169,112171,112173,112175,112177,112179,112181,112183,112185,112187,112189,112191,112193],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,112165,112166],{"class":42},"fruits2 ",[36,112168,47],{"class":46},[36,112170,51],{"class":50},[36,112172,88],{"class":87},[36,112174,102],{"class":91},[36,112176,88],{"class":87},[36,112178,58],{"class":50},[36,112180,99],{"class":87},[36,112182,22565],{"class":91},[36,112184,88],{"class":87},[36,112186,58],{"class":50},[36,112188,99],{"class":87},[36,112190,1005],{"class":91},[36,112192,88],{"class":87},[36,112194,69],{"class":50},[36,112196,112197],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,112198,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,112200,112201,112203,112205,112208,112210,112212,112214,112217],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,112202,2280],{"class":42},[36,112204,47],{"class":46},[36,112206,112207],{"class":42}," fruits1",[36,112209,303],{"class":50},[36,112211,111120],{"class":148},[36,112213,145],{"class":50},[36,112215,112216],{"class":148},"fruits2",[36,112218,152],{"class":50},[36,112220,112221],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,112222,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,112224,112225,112227,112229,112231],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,112226,142],{"class":141},[36,112228,145],{"class":50},[36,112230,2315],{"class":148},[36,112232,152],{"class":50},[36,112234,112235,112237,112239,112242],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,112236,142],{"class":141},[36,112238,145],{"class":50},[36,112240,112241],{"class":148},"fruits1",[36,112243,152],{"class":50},[14,112245,350],{},[26,112247,112249],{"className":28,"code":112248,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[33,112250,112251,112287],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,112252,112253,112255,112257,112259,112261,112263,112265,112267,112269,112271,112273,112275,112277,112279,112281,112283,112285],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,112254,192],{"class":50},[36,112256,211],{"class":87},[36,112258,102],{"class":91},[36,112260,211],{"class":87},[36,112262,58],{"class":50},[36,112264,220],{"class":87},[36,112266,1005],{"class":91},[36,112268,211],{"class":87},[36,112270,58],{"class":50},[36,112272,220],{"class":87},[36,112274,92],{"class":91},[36,112276,211],{"class":87},[36,112278,58],{"class":50},[36,112280,220],{"class":87},[36,112282,22565],{"class":91},[36,112284,211],{"class":87},[36,112286,69],{"class":50},[36,112288,112289,112291,112293,112295,112297,112299,112301,112303,112305,112307,112309,112311,112313],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,112290,192],{"class":50},[36,112292,211],{"class":87},[36,112294,102],{"class":91},[36,112296,211],{"class":87},[36,112298,58],{"class":50},[36,112300,220],{"class":87},[36,112302,1005],{"class":91},[36,112304,211],{"class":87},[36,112306,58],{"class":50},[36,112308,220],{"class":87},[36,112310,92],{"class":91},[36,112312,211],{"class":87},[36,112314,69],{"class":50},[14,112316,112317],{},"What this shows:",[246,112319,112320,112327,112330],{},[249,112321,112322,482,112324,112326],{},[33,112323,65310],{},[33,112325,65737],{}," appear in both sets",[249,112328,112329],{},"they appear only once in the result",[249,112331,112332,112334],{},[33,112333,112241],{}," stays unchanged",[21,112336,1462,112338,101009],{"id":112337},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[33,112339,102650],{},[14,112341,112342],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[26,112344,112346],{"className":28,"code":112345,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,112347,112348,112364,112380,112397,112414,112418,112445,112449],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,112349,112350,112352,112354,112356,112358,112360,112362],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,112351,110552],{"class":42},[36,112353,47],{"class":46},[36,112355,51],{"class":50},[36,112357,55],{"class":54},[36,112359,58],{"class":50},[36,112361,61],{"class":54},[36,112363,69],{"class":50},[36,112365,112366,112368,112370,112372,112374,112376,112378],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,112367,110573],{"class":42},[36,112369,47],{"class":46},[36,112371,51],{"class":50},[36,112373,481],{"class":54},[36,112375,58],{"class":50},[36,112377,66],{"class":54},[36,112379,69],{"class":50},[36,112381,112382,112385,112387,112389,112391,112393,112395],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,112383,112384],{"class":42},"set3 ",[36,112386,47],{"class":46},[36,112388,51],{"class":50},[36,112390,485],{"class":54},[36,112392,58],{"class":50},[36,112394,559],{"class":54},[36,112396,69],{"class":50},[36,112398,112399,112402,112404,112406,112408,112410,112412],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,112400,112401],{"class":42},"set4 ",[36,112403,47],{"class":46},[36,112405,51],{"class":50},[36,112407,2554],{"class":54},[36,112409,58],{"class":50},[36,112411,4644],{"class":54},[36,112413,69],{"class":50},[36,112415,112416],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,112417,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,112419,112420,112422,112424,112426,112428,112430,112432,112434,112436,112438,112440,112443],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,112421,2280],{"class":42},[36,112423,47],{"class":46},[36,112425,110602],{"class":42},[36,112427,303],{"class":50},[36,112429,111120],{"class":148},[36,112431,145],{"class":50},[36,112433,100445],{"class":148},[36,112435,58],{"class":50},[36,112437,100472],{"class":148},[36,112439,58],{"class":50},[36,112441,112442],{"class":148}," set4",[36,112444,152],{"class":50},[36,112446,112447],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,112448,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,112450,112451,112453,112455,112457],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,112452,142],{"class":141},[36,112454,145],{"class":50},[36,112456,2315],{"class":148},[36,112458,152],{"class":50},[14,112460,350],{},[26,112462,112464],{"className":28,"code":112463,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[33,112465,112466],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,112467,112468,112470,112472,112474,112476,112478,112480,112482,112484,112486,112488],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,112469,192],{"class":50},[36,112471,55],{"class":54},[36,112473,58],{"class":50},[36,112475,61],{"class":54},[36,112477,58],{"class":50},[36,112479,66],{"class":54},[36,112481,58],{"class":50},[36,112483,559],{"class":54},[36,112485,58],{"class":50},[36,112487,4644],{"class":54},[36,112489,69],{"class":50},[14,112491,112492],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[21,112494,1462,112496,112498],{"id":112495},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[33,112497,102650],{}," with other iterables",[14,112500,112501,112503],{},[33,112502,102650],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[376,112505,112507],{"id":112506},"with-a-list","With a list",[26,112509,112511],{"className":28,"code":112510,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[33,112512,112513,112533,112557,112561,112579],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,112514,112515,112517,112519,112521,112523,112525,112527,112529,112531],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,112516,43],{"class":42},[36,112518,47],{"class":46},[36,112520,51],{"class":50},[36,112522,55],{"class":54},[36,112524,58],{"class":50},[36,112526,61],{"class":54},[36,112528,58],{"class":50},[36,112530,66],{"class":54},[36,112532,69],{"class":50},[36,112534,112535,112537,112539,112541,112543,112545,112547,112549,112551,112553,112555],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,112536,61082],{"class":42},[36,112538,47],{"class":46},[36,112540,1333],{"class":50},[36,112542,485],{"class":54},[36,112544,58],{"class":50},[36,112546,559],{"class":54},[36,112548,58],{"class":50},[36,112550,4644],{"class":54},[36,112552,58],{"class":50},[36,112554,4644],{"class":54},[36,112556,1355],{"class":50},[36,112558,112559],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,112560,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,112562,112563,112565,112567,112569,112571,112573,112575,112577],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,112564,2280],{"class":42},[36,112566,47],{"class":46},[36,112568,4301],{"class":42},[36,112570,303],{"class":50},[36,112572,111120],{"class":148},[36,112574,145],{"class":50},[36,112576,61111],{"class":148},[36,112578,152],{"class":50},[36,112580,112581,112583,112585,112587],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,112582,142],{"class":141},[36,112584,145],{"class":50},[36,112586,2315],{"class":148},[36,112588,152],{"class":50},[14,112590,350],{},[26,112592,112593],{"className":28,"code":112463,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,112594,112595],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,112596,112597,112599,112601,112603,112605,112607,112609,112611,112613,112615,112617],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,112598,192],{"class":50},[36,112600,55],{"class":54},[36,112602,58],{"class":50},[36,112604,61],{"class":54},[36,112606,58],{"class":50},[36,112608,66],{"class":54},[36,112610,58],{"class":50},[36,112612,559],{"class":54},[36,112614,58],{"class":50},[36,112616,4644],{"class":54},[36,112618,69],{"class":50},[14,112620,478,112621,112623],{},[33,112622,2183],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[376,112625,112627],{"id":112626},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[26,112629,112631],{"className":28,"code":112630,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[33,112632,112633,112657,112690,112694,112713],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,112634,112635,112637,112639,112641,112643,112645,112647,112649,112651,112653,112655],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,112636,697],{"class":42},[36,112638,47],{"class":46},[36,112640,51],{"class":50},[36,112642,88],{"class":87},[36,112644,294],{"class":91},[36,112646,88],{"class":87},[36,112648,58],{"class":50},[36,112650,99],{"class":87},[36,112652,1707],{"class":91},[36,112654,88],{"class":87},[36,112656,69],{"class":50},[36,112658,112659,112662,112664,112666,112668,112670,112672,112674,112676,112678,112680,112682,112684,112686,112688],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,112660,112661],{"class":42},"more_letters ",[36,112663,47],{"class":46},[36,112665,1131],{"class":50},[36,112667,88],{"class":87},[36,112669,1707],{"class":91},[36,112671,88],{"class":87},[36,112673,58],{"class":50},[36,112675,99],{"class":87},[36,112677,9770],{"class":91},[36,112679,88],{"class":87},[36,112681,58],{"class":50},[36,112683,99],{"class":87},[36,112685,18799],{"class":91},[36,112687,88],{"class":87},[36,112689,152],{"class":50},[36,112691,112692],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,112693,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,112695,112696,112698,112700,112702,112704,112706,112708,112711],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,112697,2280],{"class":42},[36,112699,47],{"class":46},[36,112701,70132],{"class":42},[36,112703,303],{"class":50},[36,112705,111120],{"class":148},[36,112707,145],{"class":50},[36,112709,112710],{"class":148},"more_letters",[36,112712,152],{"class":50},[36,112714,112715,112717,112719,112721],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,112716,142],{"class":141},[36,112718,145],{"class":50},[36,112720,2315],{"class":148},[36,112722,152],{"class":50},[14,112724,350],{},[26,112726,112728],{"className":28,"code":112727,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[33,112729,112730],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,112731,112732,112734,112736,112738,112740,112742,112744,112746,112748,112750,112752,112754,112756,112758,112760,112762,112764],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,112733,192],{"class":50},[36,112735,211],{"class":87},[36,112737,294],{"class":91},[36,112739,211],{"class":87},[36,112741,58],{"class":50},[36,112743,220],{"class":87},[36,112745,1707],{"class":91},[36,112747,211],{"class":87},[36,112749,58],{"class":50},[36,112751,220],{"class":87},[36,112753,9770],{"class":91},[36,112755,211],{"class":87},[36,112757,58],{"class":50},[36,112759,220],{"class":87},[36,112761,18799],{"class":91},[36,112763,211],{"class":87},[36,112765,69],{"class":50},[376,112767,112769],{"id":112768},"with-a-string","With a string",[14,112771,112772],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[26,112774,112776],{"className":28,"code":112775,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,112777,112778,112803,112826,112830],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,112779,112780,112783,112785,112787,112789,112791,112793,112795,112797,112799,112801],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,112781,112782],{"class":42},"chars ",[36,112784,47],{"class":46},[36,112786,51],{"class":50},[36,112788,88],{"class":87},[36,112790,294],{"class":91},[36,112792,88],{"class":87},[36,112794,58],{"class":50},[36,112796,99],{"class":87},[36,112798,1707],{"class":91},[36,112800,88],{"class":87},[36,112802,69],{"class":50},[36,112804,112805,112807,112809,112812,112814,112816,112818,112820,112822,112824],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,112806,2280],{"class":42},[36,112808,47],{"class":46},[36,112810,112811],{"class":42}," chars",[36,112813,303],{"class":50},[36,112815,111120],{"class":148},[36,112817,145],{"class":50},[36,112819,88],{"class":87},[36,112821,37082],{"class":91},[36,112823,88],{"class":87},[36,112825,152],{"class":50},[36,112827,112828],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,112829,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,112831,112832,112834,112836,112838],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,112833,142],{"class":141},[36,112835,145],{"class":50},[36,112837,2315],{"class":148},[36,112839,152],{"class":50},[14,112841,350],{},[26,112843,112845],{"className":28,"code":112844,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[33,112846,112847],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,112848,112849,112851,112853,112855,112857,112859,112861,112863,112865,112867,112869,112871,112873,112875,112877,112879,112881],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,112850,192],{"class":50},[36,112852,211],{"class":87},[36,112854,294],{"class":91},[36,112856,211],{"class":87},[36,112858,58],{"class":50},[36,112860,220],{"class":87},[36,112862,1707],{"class":91},[36,112864,211],{"class":87},[36,112866,58],{"class":50},[36,112868,220],{"class":87},[36,112870,9770],{"class":91},[36,112872,211],{"class":87},[36,112874,58],{"class":50},[36,112876,220],{"class":87},[36,112878,63322],{"class":91},[36,112880,211],{"class":87},[36,112882,69],{"class":50},[14,112884,22221,112885,112888],{},[33,112886,112887],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[246,112890,112891,112895,112899],{},[249,112892,112893],{},[33,112894,66517],{},[249,112896,112897],{},[33,112898,18127],{},[249,112900,112901],{},[33,112902,112903],{},"\"t\"",[21,112905,112907,10615,112909],{"id":112906},"union-vs-update",[33,112908,102650],{},[33,112910,14987],{},[14,112912,112913,482,112915,112917],{},[33,112914,102650],{},[33,112916,14987],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[376,112919,112920],{"id":111120},[33,112921,102650],{},[246,112923,112924,112926],{},[249,112925,110482],{},[249,112927,110491],{},[26,112929,112930],{"className":28,"code":112015,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,112931,112932,112948,112964,112968,112986,112990,113002],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,112933,112934,112936,112938,112940,112942,112944,112946],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,112935,2604],{"class":42},[36,112937,47],{"class":46},[36,112939,51],{"class":50},[36,112941,55],{"class":54},[36,112943,58],{"class":50},[36,112945,61],{"class":54},[36,112947,69],{"class":50},[36,112949,112950,112952,112954,112956,112958,112960,112962],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,112951,2632],{"class":42},[36,112953,47],{"class":46},[36,112955,51],{"class":50},[36,112957,481],{"class":54},[36,112959,58],{"class":50},[36,112961,66],{"class":54},[36,112963,69],{"class":50},[36,112965,112966],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,112967,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,112969,112970,112972,112974,112976,112978,112980,112982,112984],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,112971,2280],{"class":42},[36,112973,47],{"class":46},[36,112975,56925],{"class":42},[36,112977,303],{"class":50},[36,112979,111120],{"class":148},[36,112981,145],{"class":50},[36,112983,1707],{"class":148},[36,112985,152],{"class":50},[36,112987,112988],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,112989,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,112991,112992,112994,112996,112998,113000],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,112993,142],{"class":141},[36,112995,145],{"class":50},[36,112997,2315],{"class":148},[36,112999,3703],{"class":50},[36,113001,112088],{"class":1617},[36,113003,113004,113006,113008,113010,113012],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,113005,142],{"class":141},[36,113007,145],{"class":50},[36,113009,294],{"class":148},[36,113011,3703],{"class":50},[36,113013,112101],{"class":1617},[376,113015,113016],{"id":30498},[33,113017,14987],{},[246,113019,113020,113023],{},[249,113021,113022],{},"changes the existing set in place",[249,113024,113025],{},"does not create a separate result set",[26,113027,113029],{"className":28,"code":113028,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[33,113030,113031,113047,113063,113067,113081,113085],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,113032,113033,113035,113037,113039,113041,113043,113045],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,113034,2604],{"class":42},[36,113036,47],{"class":46},[36,113038,51],{"class":50},[36,113040,55],{"class":54},[36,113042,58],{"class":50},[36,113044,61],{"class":54},[36,113046,69],{"class":50},[36,113048,113049,113051,113053,113055,113057,113059,113061],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,113050,2632],{"class":42},[36,113052,47],{"class":46},[36,113054,51],{"class":50},[36,113056,481],{"class":54},[36,113058,58],{"class":50},[36,113060,66],{"class":54},[36,113062,69],{"class":50},[36,113064,113065],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,113066,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,113068,113069,113071,113073,113075,113077,113079],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,113070,294],{"class":42},[36,113072,303],{"class":50},[36,113074,30498],{"class":148},[36,113076,145],{"class":50},[36,113078,1707],{"class":148},[36,113080,152],{"class":50},[36,113082,113083],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,113084,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,113086,113087,113089,113091,113093,113095],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,113088,142],{"class":141},[36,113090,145],{"class":50},[36,113092,294],{"class":148},[36,113094,3703],{"class":50},[36,113096,112088],{"class":1617},[14,113098,495,113099,113101],{},[33,113100,102650],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[14,113103,113104,113105,303],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[294,113106,1935,113107,1939],{"href":1944},[33,113108,1947],{},[21,113110,4557],{"id":4556},[376,113112,8489,113114,113116],{"id":113113},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[33,113115,102650],{}," to change the original set",[14,113118,81861],{},[26,113120,113122],{"className":28,"code":113121,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[33,113123,113124,113140,113156,113160,113174],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,113125,113126,113128,113130,113132,113134,113136,113138],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,113127,2604],{"class":42},[36,113129,47],{"class":46},[36,113131,51],{"class":50},[36,113133,55],{"class":54},[36,113135,58],{"class":50},[36,113137,61],{"class":54},[36,113139,69],{"class":50},[36,113141,113142,113144,113146,113148,113150,113152,113154],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,113143,2632],{"class":42},[36,113145,47],{"class":46},[36,113147,51],{"class":50},[36,113149,481],{"class":54},[36,113151,58],{"class":50},[36,113153,66],{"class":54},[36,113155,69],{"class":50},[36,113157,113158],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,113159,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,113161,113162,113164,113166,113168,113170,113172],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,113163,294],{"class":42},[36,113165,303],{"class":50},[36,113167,111120],{"class":148},[36,113169,145],{"class":50},[36,113171,1707],{"class":148},[36,113173,152],{"class":50},[36,113175,113176,113178,113180,113182],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,113177,142],{"class":141},[36,113179,145],{"class":50},[36,113181,294],{"class":148},[36,113183,152],{"class":50},[14,113185,182],{},[26,113187,113188],{"className":28,"code":100358,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,113189,113190],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,113191,113192,113194,113196,113198,113200],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,113193,192],{"class":50},[36,113195,55],{"class":54},[36,113197,58],{"class":50},[36,113199,61],{"class":54},[36,113201,69],{"class":50},[14,113203,8532,113204,113206],{},[33,113205,102650],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[14,113208,113209],{},"Fix it like this:",[26,113211,113213],{"className":28,"code":113212,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[33,113214,113215,113231,113247,113251,113269],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,113216,113217,113219,113221,113223,113225,113227,113229],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,113218,2604],{"class":42},[36,113220,47],{"class":46},[36,113222,51],{"class":50},[36,113224,55],{"class":54},[36,113226,58],{"class":50},[36,113228,61],{"class":54},[36,113230,69],{"class":50},[36,113232,113233,113235,113237,113239,113241,113243,113245],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,113234,2632],{"class":42},[36,113236,47],{"class":46},[36,113238,51],{"class":50},[36,113240,481],{"class":54},[36,113242,58],{"class":50},[36,113244,66],{"class":54},[36,113246,69],{"class":50},[36,113248,113249],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,113250,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,113252,113253,113255,113257,113259,113261,113263,113265,113267],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,113254,2604],{"class":42},[36,113256,47],{"class":46},[36,113258,56925],{"class":42},[36,113260,303],{"class":50},[36,113262,111120],{"class":148},[36,113264,145],{"class":50},[36,113266,1707],{"class":148},[36,113268,152],{"class":50},[36,113270,113271,113273,113275,113277],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,113272,142],{"class":141},[36,113274,145],{"class":50},[36,113276,294],{"class":148},[36,113278,152],{"class":50},[376,113280,113282],{"id":113281},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[14,113284,113285],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[26,113287,113289],{"className":28,"code":113288,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[33,113290,113291,113307,113323,113327],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,113292,113293,113295,113297,113299,113301,113303,113305],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,113294,2604],{"class":42},[36,113296,47],{"class":46},[36,113298,51],{"class":50},[36,113300,485],{"class":54},[36,113302,58],{"class":50},[36,113304,1340],{"class":54},[36,113306,69],{"class":50},[36,113308,113309,113311,113313,113315,113317,113319,113321],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,113310,2632],{"class":42},[36,113312,47],{"class":46},[36,113314,51],{"class":50},[36,113316,481],{"class":54},[36,113318,58],{"class":50},[36,113320,559],{"class":54},[36,113322,69],{"class":50},[36,113324,113325],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,113326,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,113328,113329,113331,113333,113335,113337,113339,113341,113343],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,113330,142],{"class":141},[36,113332,145],{"class":50},[36,113334,294],{"class":148},[36,113336,303],{"class":50},[36,113338,111120],{"class":148},[36,113340,145],{"class":50},[36,113342,1707],{"class":148},[36,113344,445],{"class":50},[14,113346,113347],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[376,113349,113351],{"id":113350},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[26,113353,113355],{"className":28,"code":113354,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[33,113356,113357,113373,113395],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,113358,113359,113361,113363,113365,113367,113369,113371],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,113360,75],{"class":42},[36,113362,47],{"class":46},[36,113364,51],{"class":50},[36,113366,88],{"class":87},[36,113368,58165],{"class":91},[36,113370,88],{"class":87},[36,113372,69],{"class":50},[36,113374,113375,113377,113379,113381,113383,113385,113387,113389,113391,113393],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,113376,2280],{"class":42},[36,113378,47],{"class":46},[36,113380,6208],{"class":42},[36,113382,303],{"class":50},[36,113384,111120],{"class":148},[36,113386,145],{"class":50},[36,113388,88],{"class":87},[36,113390,37082],{"class":91},[36,113392,88],{"class":87},[36,113394,152],{"class":50},[36,113396,113397,113399,113401,113403],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,113398,142],{"class":141},[36,113400,145],{"class":50},[36,113402,2315],{"class":148},[36,113404,152],{"class":50},[14,113406,113407,113408,2238,113410,17102,113412,113414,113415,113417],{},"This adds ",[33,113409,66517],{},[33,113411,18127],{},[33,113413,112903],{}," as separate items, not ",[33,113416,112887],{}," as one item.",[14,113419,113420],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[26,113422,113424],{"className":28,"code":113423,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[33,113425,113426,113442,113464],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,113427,113428,113430,113432,113434,113436,113438,113440],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,113429,75],{"class":42},[36,113431,47],{"class":46},[36,113433,51],{"class":50},[36,113435,88],{"class":87},[36,113437,58165],{"class":91},[36,113439,88],{"class":87},[36,113441,69],{"class":50},[36,113443,113444,113446,113448,113450,113452,113454,113456,113458,113460,113462],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,113445,2280],{"class":42},[36,113447,47],{"class":46},[36,113449,6208],{"class":42},[36,113451,303],{"class":50},[36,113453,111120],{"class":148},[36,113455,84],{"class":50},[36,113457,88],{"class":87},[36,113459,37082],{"class":91},[36,113461,88],{"class":87},[36,113463,115],{"class":50},[36,113465,113466,113468,113470,113472],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,113467,142],{"class":141},[36,113469,145],{"class":50},[36,113471,2315],{"class":148},[36,113473,152],{"class":50},[376,113475,113477],{"id":113476},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[14,113479,2886],{},[26,113481,113483],{"className":28,"code":113482,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[33,113484,113485],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,113486,113487,113489,113491,113493,113495,113497,113499,113501,113503,113505,113507,113509],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,113488,1665],{"class":42},[36,113490,47],{"class":46},[36,113492,51],{"class":50},[36,113494,55],{"class":54},[36,113496,58],{"class":50},[36,113498,61],{"class":54},[36,113500,58],{"class":50},[36,113502,1333],{"class":50},[36,113504,485],{"class":54},[36,113506,58],{"class":50},[36,113508,559],{"class":54},[36,113510,1197],{"class":50},[14,113512,113513],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[14,113515,113516,113517,1213],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[33,113518,102650],{},[26,113520,113522],{"className":28,"code":113521,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[33,113523,113524,113540,113562],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,113525,113526,113528,113530,113532,113534,113536,113538],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,113527,1665],{"class":42},[36,113529,47],{"class":46},[36,113531,51],{"class":50},[36,113533,55],{"class":54},[36,113535,58],{"class":50},[36,113537,61],{"class":54},[36,113539,69],{"class":50},[36,113541,113542,113544,113546,113548,113550,113552,113554,113556,113558,113560],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,113543,2280],{"class":42},[36,113545,47],{"class":46},[36,113547,96952],{"class":42},[36,113549,303],{"class":50},[36,113551,111120],{"class":148},[36,113553,84],{"class":50},[36,113555,485],{"class":54},[36,113557,58],{"class":50},[36,113559,559],{"class":54},[36,113561,115],{"class":50},[36,113563,113564,113566,113568,113570],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,113565,142],{"class":141},[36,113567,145],{"class":50},[36,113569,2315],{"class":148},[36,113571,152],{"class":50},[21,113573,113575],{"id":113574},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[14,113577,113578],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[246,113580,113581,113587,113594,113597],{},[249,113582,113583,113584,113586],{},"call ",[33,113585,102650],{}," without saving the returned set",[249,113588,113589,113590,8741,113592],{},"confuse ",[33,113591,102650],{},[33,113593,14987],{},[249,113595,113596],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[249,113598,113599],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[14,113601,113602,113603,482,113607,303],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[294,113604,1935,113605,1939],{"href":102639},[33,113606,106424],{},[294,113608,1935,113610,1939],{"href":113609},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[33,113611,100270],{},[14,113613,62330],{},[26,113615,113617],{"className":28,"code":113616,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[33,113618,113619,113629,113643,113653],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,113620,113621,113623,113625,113627],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,113622,142],{"class":141},[36,113624,145],{"class":50},[36,113626,1732],{"class":148},[36,113628,152],{"class":50},[36,113630,113631,113633,113635,113637,113639,113641],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,113632,142],{"class":141},[36,113634,145],{"class":50},[36,113636,818],{"class":80},[36,113638,145],{"class":50},[36,113640,1732],{"class":148},[36,113642,445],{"class":50},[36,113644,113645,113647,113649,113651],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,113646,142],{"class":141},[36,113648,145],{"class":50},[36,113650,2315],{"class":148},[36,113652,152],{"class":50},[36,113654,113655,113657,113659,113661,113663,113665],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,113656,32186],{"class":141},[36,113658,145],{"class":50},[36,113660,231],{"class":80},[36,113662,303],{"class":50},[36,113664,111120],{"class":24783},[36,113666,152],{"class":50},[21,113668,1872],{"id":1871},[376,113670,12735,113672,102590],{"id":113671},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[33,113673,107894],{},[14,113675,102593],{},[376,113677,5210,113679,113681],{"id":113678},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[33,113680,102650],{}," combine more than two sets?",[14,113683,113684],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[376,113686,28363,113688,113690],{"id":113687},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[33,113689,102650],{}," with a list or tuple?",[14,113692,42189,113693,113695],{},[33,113694,102650],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[376,113697,113699],{"id":113698},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[14,113701,113702],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[376,113704,5220,113706,482,113708,2541],{"id":113705},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[33,113707,102650],{},[33,113709,113710],{},"|",[14,113712,113713,113714,113716,113717,113719],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[33,113715,113710],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[33,113718,102650],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[21,113721,1923],{"id":1922},[246,113723,113724,113728,113734,113740,113746],{},[249,113725,113726],{},[294,113727,297],{"href":296},[249,113729,113730],{},[294,113731,1935,113732,1939],{"href":1944},[33,113733,1947],{},[249,113735,113736],{},[294,113737,1935,113738,1939],{"href":102639},[33,113739,106424],{},[249,113741,113742],{},[294,113743,1935,113744,1939],{"href":113609},[33,113745,100270],{},[249,113747,113748],{},[294,113749,1952],{"href":606},[1962,113751,113752],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":113754},[113755,113756,113758,113759,113760,113761,113763,113769,113774,113781,113782,113793],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":111850,"depth":72,"text":113757},"What set.union() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":22001,"depth":72,"text":22002},{"id":11504,"depth":72,"text":11505},{"id":112337,"depth":72,"text":113762},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112495,"depth":72,"text":113764,"children":113765},"Using union() with other iterables",[113766,113767,113768],{"id":112506,"depth":118,"text":112507},{"id":112626,"depth":118,"text":112627},{"id":112768,"depth":118,"text":112769},{"id":112906,"depth":72,"text":113770,"children":113771},"union() vs update()",[113772,113773],{"id":111120,"depth":118,"text":102650},{"id":30498,"depth":118,"text":14987},{"id":4556,"depth":72,"text":4557,"children":113775},[113776,113778,113779,113780],{"id":113113,"depth":118,"text":113777},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113281,"depth":118,"text":113282},{"id":113350,"depth":118,"text":113351},{"id":113476,"depth":118,"text":113477},{"id":113574,"depth":72,"text":113575},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":113783},[113784,113786,113788,113790,113791],{"id":113671,"depth":118,"text":113785},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113678,"depth":118,"text":113787},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113687,"depth":118,"text":113789},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113698,"depth":118,"text":113699},{"id":113705,"depth":118,"text":113792},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111730,"description":113794},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113800,"title":113801,"body":113802,"description":115691,"extension":2009,"meta":115692,"navigation":134,"path":96841,"seo":115693,"stem":115694,"__hash__":115695},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113803,"toc":115657},[113804,113809,113814,113822,113824,113882,113887,113892,113896,113908,113911,113985,113990,113992,113994,114013,114015,114032,114035,114062,114064,114134,114138,114140,114146,114148,114209,114214,114216,114273,114277,114282,114347,114349,114369,114376,114380,114385,114470,114473,114480,114583,114587,114592,114650,114653,114664,114678,114685,114743,114750,114753,114763,114767,114825,114829,114895,114898,114956,114963,114970,114973,114977,114986,115055,115059,115065,115153,115163,115167,115171,115175,115178,115239,115244,115301,115305,115307,115342,115349,115351,115405,115412,115416,115419,115484,115493,115499,115556,115558,115563,115567,115571,115574,115581,115589,115593,115598,115602,115608,115610,115645,115654],[10,113805,96235,113807,11352],{"id":113806},"python-set-update-method",[33,113808,14987],{},[14,113810,113811,113813],{},[33,113812,1947],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[14,113815,113816,113817,113821],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[294,113818,113819],{"href":1934},[33,113820,1938],{},", which adds only one item.",[21,113823,24],{"id":23},[26,113825,113827],{"className":28,"code":113826,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[33,113828,113829,113845,113867,113877],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,113830,113831,113833,113835,113837,113839,113841,113843],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,113832,43],{"class":42},[36,113834,47],{"class":46},[36,113836,51],{"class":50},[36,113838,55],{"class":54},[36,113840,58],{"class":50},[36,113842,61],{"class":54},[36,113844,69],{"class":50},[36,113846,113847,113849,113851,113853,113855,113857,113859,113861,113863,113865],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,113848,149],{"class":42},[36,113850,303],{"class":50},[36,113852,30498],{"class":148},[36,113854,84],{"class":50},[36,113856,481],{"class":54},[36,113858,58],{"class":50},[36,113860,66],{"class":54},[36,113862,58],{"class":50},[36,113864,559],{"class":54},[36,113866,115],{"class":50},[36,113868,113869,113871,113873,113875],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,113870,142],{"class":141},[36,113872,145],{"class":50},[36,113874,149],{"class":148},[36,113876,152],{"class":50},[36,113878,113879],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,113880,113881],{"class":1617},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[14,113883,495,113884,113886],{},[33,113885,14987],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[21,113888,3720,113890,3723],{"id":113889},"what-setupdate-does",[33,113891,1947],{},[14,113893,113894,1213],{},[33,113895,1947],{},[246,113897,113898,113901,113903,113906],{},[249,113899,113900],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[249,113902,96348],{},[249,113904,113905],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[249,113907,96351],{},[14,113909,113910],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[26,113912,113914],{"className":28,"code":113913,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[33,113915,113916,113940,113966,113970,113980],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,113917,113918,113920,113922,113924,113926,113928,113930,113932,113934,113936,113938],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,113919,13108],{"class":42},[36,113921,47],{"class":46},[36,113923,51],{"class":50},[36,113925,88],{"class":87},[36,113927,13125],{"class":91},[36,113929,88],{"class":87},[36,113931,58],{"class":50},[36,113933,99],{"class":87},[36,113935,13142],{"class":91},[36,113937,88],{"class":87},[36,113939,69],{"class":50},[36,113941,113942,113944,113946,113948,113950,113952,113954,113956,113958,113960,113962,113964],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,113943,17533],{"class":42},[36,113945,303],{"class":50},[36,113947,30498],{"class":148},[36,113949,84],{"class":50},[36,113951,88],{"class":87},[36,113953,13142],{"class":91},[36,113955,88],{"class":87},[36,113957,58],{"class":50},[36,113959,99],{"class":87},[36,113961,17486],{"class":91},[36,113963,88],{"class":87},[36,113965,115],{"class":50},[36,113967,113968],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,113969,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,113971,113972,113974,113976,113978],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,113973,142],{"class":141},[36,113975,145],{"class":50},[36,113977,17533],{"class":148},[36,113979,152],{"class":50},[36,113981,113982],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,113983,113984],{"class":1617},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[14,113986,478,113987,113989],{},[33,113988,110885],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[21,113991,2205],{"id":2204},[14,113993,7257],{},[26,113995,113997],{"className":28,"code":113996,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[33,113998,113999],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,114000,114001,114003,114005,114007,114009,114011],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,114002,1732],{"class":42},[36,114004,303],{"class":50},[36,114006,30498],{"class":148},[36,114008,145],{"class":50},[36,114010,3764],{"class":148},[36,114012,152],{"class":50},[14,114014,80237],{},[246,114016,114017,114020,114023,114026,114029],{},[249,114018,114019],{},"A list",[249,114021,114022],{},"A tuple",[249,114024,114025],{},"Another set",[249,114027,114028],{},"A string",[249,114030,114031],{},"Any other iterable",[14,114033,114034],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[26,114036,114038],{"className":28,"code":114037,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[33,114039,114040],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,114041,114042,114044,114046,114048,114050,114052,114054,114056,114058,114060],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,114043,1732],{"class":42},[36,114045,303],{"class":50},[36,114047,30498],{"class":148},[36,114049,145],{"class":50},[36,114051,294],{"class":148},[36,114053,58],{"class":50},[36,114055,2609],{"class":148},[36,114057,58],{"class":50},[36,114059,9712],{"class":148},[36,114061,152],{"class":50},[14,114063,2257],{},[26,114065,114067],{"className":28,"code":114066,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[33,114068,114069,114081,114115,114119,114129],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,114070,114071,114073,114075,114077,114079],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,114072,621],{"class":42},[36,114074,47],{"class":46},[36,114076,51],{"class":50},[36,114078,55],{"class":54},[36,114080,69],{"class":50},[36,114082,114083,114085,114087,114089,114091,114093,114095,114097,114099,114101,114103,114105,114107,114109,114111,114113],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,114084,656],{"class":42},[36,114086,303],{"class":50},[36,114088,30498],{"class":148},[36,114090,84],{"class":50},[36,114092,481],{"class":54},[36,114094,58],{"class":50},[36,114096,66],{"class":54},[36,114098,18093],{"class":50},[36,114100,1131],{"class":50},[36,114102,2554],{"class":54},[36,114104,58],{"class":50},[36,114106,4644],{"class":54},[36,114108,1140],{"class":50},[36,114110,51],{"class":50},[36,114112,80628],{"class":54},[36,114114,30530],{"class":50},[36,114116,114117],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,114118,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,114120,114121,114123,114125,114127],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,114122,142],{"class":141},[36,114124,145],{"class":50},[36,114126,656],{"class":148},[36,114128,152],{"class":50},[36,114130,114131],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,114132,114133],{"class":1617},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[14,114135,96357,114136,303],{},[294,114137,96363],{"href":97905},[21,114139,22002],{"id":22001},[14,114141,114142,2448,114144,303],{},[33,114143,1947],{},[33,114145,3822],{},[14,114147,11745],{},[26,114149,114151],{"className":28,"code":114150,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[33,114152,114153,114169,114191,114195,114205],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,114154,114155,114157,114159,114161,114163,114165,114167],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,114156,43],{"class":42},[36,114158,47],{"class":46},[36,114160,51],{"class":50},[36,114162,55],{"class":54},[36,114164,58],{"class":50},[36,114166,61],{"class":54},[36,114168,69],{"class":50},[36,114170,114171,114173,114175,114177,114179,114181,114183,114185,114187,114189],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,114172,2280],{"class":42},[36,114174,47],{"class":46},[36,114176,4301],{"class":42},[36,114178,303],{"class":50},[36,114180,30498],{"class":148},[36,114182,84],{"class":50},[36,114184,485],{"class":54},[36,114186,58],{"class":50},[36,114188,559],{"class":54},[36,114190,115],{"class":50},[36,114192,114193],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,114194,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,114196,114197,114199,114201,114203],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,114198,142],{"class":141},[36,114200,145],{"class":50},[36,114202,2315],{"class":148},[36,114204,152],{"class":50},[36,114206,114207],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,114208,61866],{"class":1617},[14,114210,114211,114212,303],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[33,114213,2315],{},[14,114215,19000],{},[26,114217,114219],{"className":28,"code":114218,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[33,114220,114221,114237,114255,114259,114269],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,114222,114223,114225,114227,114229,114231,114233,114235],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,114224,43],{"class":42},[36,114226,47],{"class":46},[36,114228,51],{"class":50},[36,114230,55],{"class":54},[36,114232,58],{"class":50},[36,114234,61],{"class":54},[36,114236,69],{"class":50},[36,114238,114239,114241,114243,114245,114247,114249,114251,114253],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,114240,149],{"class":42},[36,114242,303],{"class":50},[36,114244,30498],{"class":148},[36,114246,84],{"class":50},[36,114248,485],{"class":54},[36,114250,58],{"class":50},[36,114252,559],{"class":54},[36,114254,115],{"class":50},[36,114256,114257],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,114258,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,114260,114261,114263,114265,114267],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,114262,142],{"class":141},[36,114264,145],{"class":50},[36,114266,149],{"class":148},[36,114268,152],{"class":50},[36,114270,114271],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,114272,113881],{"class":1617},[21,114274,114276],{"id":114275},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[14,114278,114279,114280,303],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[33,114281,14987],{},[26,114283,114285],{"className":28,"code":114284,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[33,114286,114287,114303,114329,114333,114343],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,114288,114289,114291,114293,114295,114297,114299,114301],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,114290,43],{"class":42},[36,114292,47],{"class":46},[36,114294,51],{"class":50},[36,114296,55],{"class":54},[36,114298,58],{"class":50},[36,114300,61],{"class":54},[36,114302,69],{"class":50},[36,114304,114305,114307,114309,114311,114313,114315,114317,114319,114321,114323,114325,114327],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,114306,149],{"class":42},[36,114308,303],{"class":50},[36,114310,30498],{"class":148},[36,114312,84],{"class":50},[36,114314,481],{"class":54},[36,114316,58],{"class":50},[36,114318,66],{"class":54},[36,114320,58],{"class":50},[36,114322,559],{"class":54},[36,114324,58],{"class":50},[36,114326,559],{"class":54},[36,114328,115],{"class":50},[36,114330,114331],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,114332,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,114334,114335,114337,114339,114341],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,114336,142],{"class":141},[36,114338,145],{"class":50},[36,114340,149],{"class":148},[36,114342,152],{"class":50},[36,114344,114345],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,114346,113881],{"class":1617},[14,114348,11714],{},[246,114350,114351,114356,114363],{},[249,114352,114353,114355],{},[33,114354,481],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[249,114357,114358,482,114360,114362],{},[33,114359,485],{},[33,114361,2554],{}," are added",[249,114364,114365,114366,114368],{},"The second ",[33,114367,2554],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[14,114370,114371,114372,114375],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[294,114373,114374],{"href":606},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[21,114377,114379],{"id":114378},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[14,114381,7801,114382,114384],{},[33,114383,14987],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[26,114386,114388],{"className":28,"code":114387,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[33,114389,114390,114411,114432,114436,114452,114456,114466],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,114391,114392,114395,114397,114399,114401,114403,114405,114407,114409],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,114393,114394],{"class":42},"set_a ",[36,114396,47],{"class":46},[36,114398,51],{"class":50},[36,114400,55],{"class":54},[36,114402,58],{"class":50},[36,114404,61],{"class":54},[36,114406,58],{"class":50},[36,114408,66],{"class":54},[36,114410,69],{"class":50},[36,114412,114413,114416,114418,114420,114422,114424,114426,114428,114430],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,114414,114415],{"class":42},"set_b ",[36,114417,47],{"class":46},[36,114419,51],{"class":50},[36,114421,485],{"class":54},[36,114423,58],{"class":50},[36,114425,559],{"class":54},[36,114427,58],{"class":50},[36,114429,4644],{"class":54},[36,114431,69],{"class":50},[36,114433,114434],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,114435,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,114437,114438,114441,114443,114445,114447,114450],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,114439,114440],{"class":42},"set_a",[36,114442,303],{"class":50},[36,114444,30498],{"class":148},[36,114446,145],{"class":50},[36,114448,114449],{"class":148},"set_b",[36,114451,152],{"class":50},[36,114453,114454],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,114455,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,114457,114458,114460,114462,114464],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,114459,142],{"class":141},[36,114461,145],{"class":50},[36,114463,114440],{"class":148},[36,114465,152],{"class":50},[36,114467,114468],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,114469,111842],{"class":1617},[14,114471,114472],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[14,114474,114475,114476,303],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[294,114477,114478],{"href":102647},[33,114479,107894],{},[26,114481,114483],{"className":28,"code":114482,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[33,114484,114485,114505,114525,114529,114549,114553,114564,114568,114578],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,114486,114487,114489,114491,114493,114495,114497,114499,114501,114503],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,114488,114394],{"class":42},[36,114490,47],{"class":46},[36,114492,51],{"class":50},[36,114494,55],{"class":54},[36,114496,58],{"class":50},[36,114498,61],{"class":54},[36,114500,58],{"class":50},[36,114502,66],{"class":54},[36,114504,69],{"class":50},[36,114506,114507,114509,114511,114513,114515,114517,114519,114521,114523],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,114508,114415],{"class":42},[36,114510,47],{"class":46},[36,114512,51],{"class":50},[36,114514,485],{"class":54},[36,114516,58],{"class":50},[36,114518,559],{"class":54},[36,114520,58],{"class":50},[36,114522,4644],{"class":54},[36,114524,69],{"class":50},[36,114526,114527],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,114528,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,114530,114531,114534,114536,114539,114541,114543,114545,114547],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,114532,114533],{"class":42},"combined ",[36,114535,47],{"class":46},[36,114537,114538],{"class":42}," set_a",[36,114540,303],{"class":50},[36,114542,111120],{"class":148},[36,114544,145],{"class":50},[36,114546,114449],{"class":148},[36,114548,152],{"class":50},[36,114550,114551],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,114552,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,114554,114555,114557,114559,114562],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,114556,142],{"class":141},[36,114558,145],{"class":50},[36,114560,114561],{"class":148},"combined",[36,114563,152],{"class":50},[36,114565,114566],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,114567,111842],{"class":1617},[36,114569,114570,114572,114574,114576],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,114571,142],{"class":141},[36,114573,145],{"class":50},[36,114575,114440],{"class":148},[36,114577,152],{"class":50},[36,114579,114580],{"class":38,"line":6471},[36,114581,114582],{"class":1617},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[21,114584,114586],{"id":114585},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[14,114588,64775,114589,114591],{},[33,114590,14987],{}," adds each character separately.",[26,114593,114595],{"className":28,"code":114594,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[33,114596,114597,114613,114631,114635,114645],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,114598,114599,114601,114603,114605,114607,114609,114611],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,114600,697],{"class":42},[36,114602,47],{"class":46},[36,114604,51],{"class":50},[36,114606,88],{"class":87},[36,114608,2222],{"class":91},[36,114610,88],{"class":87},[36,114612,69],{"class":50},[36,114614,114615,114617,114619,114621,114623,114625,114627,114629],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,114616,721],{"class":42},[36,114618,303],{"class":50},[36,114620,30498],{"class":148},[36,114622,145],{"class":50},[36,114624,88],{"class":87},[36,114626,37082],{"class":91},[36,114628,88],{"class":87},[36,114630,152],{"class":50},[36,114632,114633],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,114634,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,114636,114637,114639,114641,114643],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,114638,142],{"class":141},[36,114640,145],{"class":50},[36,114642,721],{"class":148},[36,114644,152],{"class":50},[36,114646,114647],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,114648,114649],{"class":1617},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[14,114651,114652],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[14,114654,114655,14086,114658,114660,114661,114663],{},[33,114656,114657],{},"update(\"cat\")",[180,114659,870],{}," add ",[33,114662,112887],{}," as one item. It adds:",[246,114665,114666,114670,114674],{},[249,114667,114668],{},[33,114669,66517],{},[249,114671,114672],{},[33,114673,18127],{},[249,114675,114676],{},[33,114677,112903],{},[14,114679,114680,114681,1213],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[294,114682,114683],{"href":1934},[33,114684,1938],{},[26,114686,114688],{"className":28,"code":114687,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[33,114689,114690,114706,114724,114728,114738],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,114691,114692,114694,114696,114698,114700,114702,114704],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,114693,75],{"class":42},[36,114695,47],{"class":46},[36,114697,51],{"class":50},[36,114699,88],{"class":87},[36,114701,58165],{"class":91},[36,114703,88],{"class":87},[36,114705,69],{"class":50},[36,114707,114708,114710,114712,114714,114716,114718,114720,114722],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,114709,162],{"class":42},[36,114711,303],{"class":50},[36,114713,82140],{"class":148},[36,114715,145],{"class":50},[36,114717,88],{"class":87},[36,114719,37082],{"class":91},[36,114721,88],{"class":87},[36,114723,152],{"class":50},[36,114725,114726],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,114727,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,114729,114730,114732,114734,114736],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,114731,142],{"class":141},[36,114733,145],{"class":50},[36,114735,162],{"class":148},[36,114737,152],{"class":50},[36,114739,114740],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,114741,114742],{"class":1617},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[21,114744,114746,10615,114748],{"id":114745},"update-vs-add",[33,114747,14987],{},[33,114749,96238],{},[14,114751,114752],{},"The difference is simple:",[246,114754,114755,114759],{},[249,114756,114757,96830],{},[33,114758,96238],{},[249,114760,114761,96835],{},[33,114762,14987],{},[14,114764,46078,114765,1213],{},[33,114766,96238],{},[26,114768,114770],{"className":28,"code":114769,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[33,114771,114772,114788,114806,114810,114820],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,114773,114774,114776,114778,114780,114782,114784,114786],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,114775,36273],{"class":42},[36,114777,47],{"class":46},[36,114779,51],{"class":50},[36,114781,88],{"class":87},[36,114783,92],{"class":91},[36,114785,88],{"class":87},[36,114787,69],{"class":50},[36,114789,114790,114792,114794,114796,114798,114800,114802,114804],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,114791,36325],{"class":42},[36,114793,303],{"class":50},[36,114795,82140],{"class":148},[36,114797,145],{"class":50},[36,114799,88],{"class":87},[36,114801,102],{"class":91},[36,114803,88],{"class":87},[36,114805,152],{"class":50},[36,114807,114808],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,114809,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,114811,114812,114814,114816,114818],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,114813,142],{"class":141},[36,114815,145],{"class":50},[36,114817,36325],{"class":148},[36,114819,152],{"class":50},[36,114821,114822],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,114823,114824],{"class":1617},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[14,114826,46078,114827,1213],{},[33,114828,14987],{},[26,114830,114832],{"className":28,"code":114831,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[33,114833,114834,114850,114876,114880,114890],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,114835,114836,114838,114840,114842,114844,114846,114848],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,114837,36273],{"class":42},[36,114839,47],{"class":46},[36,114841,51],{"class":50},[36,114843,88],{"class":87},[36,114845,92],{"class":91},[36,114847,88],{"class":87},[36,114849,69],{"class":50},[36,114851,114852,114854,114856,114858,114860,114862,114864,114866,114868,114870,114872,114874],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,114853,36325],{"class":42},[36,114855,303],{"class":50},[36,114857,30498],{"class":148},[36,114859,84],{"class":50},[36,114861,88],{"class":87},[36,114863,102],{"class":91},[36,114865,88],{"class":87},[36,114867,58],{"class":50},[36,114869,99],{"class":87},[36,114871,1005],{"class":91},[36,114873,88],{"class":87},[36,114875,115],{"class":50},[36,114877,114878],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,114879,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,114881,114882,114884,114886,114888],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,114883,142],{"class":141},[36,114885,145],{"class":50},[36,114887,36325],{"class":148},[36,114889,152],{"class":50},[36,114891,114892],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,114893,114894],{"class":1617},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[14,114896,114897],{},"Important warning with strings:",[26,114899,114901],{"className":28,"code":114900,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[33,114902,114903,114919,114937,114941,114951],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,114904,114905,114907,114909,114911,114913,114915,114917],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,114906,36273],{"class":42},[36,114908,47],{"class":46},[36,114910,51],{"class":50},[36,114912,88],{"class":87},[36,114914,92],{"class":91},[36,114916,88],{"class":87},[36,114918,69],{"class":50},[36,114920,114921,114923,114925,114927,114929,114931,114933,114935],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,114922,36325],{"class":42},[36,114924,303],{"class":50},[36,114926,30498],{"class":148},[36,114928,145],{"class":50},[36,114930,88],{"class":87},[36,114932,38377],{"class":91},[36,114934,88],{"class":87},[36,114936,152],{"class":50},[36,114938,114939],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,114940,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,114942,114943,114945,114947,114949],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,114944,142],{"class":141},[36,114946,145],{"class":50},[36,114948,36325],{"class":148},[36,114950,152],{"class":50},[36,114952,114953],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,114954,114955],{"class":1617},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[14,114957,62141,114958,62214,114961,1524],{},[33,114959,114960],{},"\"kiwi\"",[33,114962,96238],{},[21,114964,114966,10615,114968],{"id":114965},"update-vs-union",[33,114967,14987],{},[33,114969,102650],{},[14,114971,114972],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[376,114974,114975],{"id":30498},[33,114976,14987],{},[246,114978,114979,114982],{},[249,114980,114981],{},"Changes the existing set",[249,114983,11454,114984],{},[33,114985,3822],{},[26,114987,114989],{"className":28,"code":114988,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[33,114990,114991,115007,115023,115027,115041,115051],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,114992,114993,114995,114997,114999,115001,115003,115005],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,114994,2604],{"class":42},[36,114996,47],{"class":46},[36,114998,51],{"class":50},[36,115000,55],{"class":54},[36,115002,58],{"class":50},[36,115004,61],{"class":54},[36,115006,69],{"class":50},[36,115008,115009,115011,115013,115015,115017,115019,115021],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,115010,2632],{"class":42},[36,115012,47],{"class":46},[36,115014,51],{"class":50},[36,115016,481],{"class":54},[36,115018,58],{"class":50},[36,115020,66],{"class":54},[36,115022,69],{"class":50},[36,115024,115025],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,115026,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,115028,115029,115031,115033,115035,115037,115039],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,115030,294],{"class":42},[36,115032,303],{"class":50},[36,115034,30498],{"class":148},[36,115036,145],{"class":50},[36,115038,1707],{"class":148},[36,115040,152],{"class":50},[36,115042,115043,115045,115047,115049],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,115044,142],{"class":141},[36,115046,145],{"class":50},[36,115048,294],{"class":148},[36,115050,152],{"class":50},[36,115052,115053],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,115054,114582],{"class":1617},[376,115056,115057],{"id":111120},[33,115058,102650],{},[246,115060,115061,115063],{},[249,115062,101188],{},[249,115064,101191],{},[26,115066,115068],{"className":28,"code":115067,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[33,115069,115070,115086,115102,115106,115124,115134,115138,115148],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,115071,115072,115074,115076,115078,115080,115082,115084],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,115073,2604],{"class":42},[36,115075,47],{"class":46},[36,115077,51],{"class":50},[36,115079,55],{"class":54},[36,115081,58],{"class":50},[36,115083,61],{"class":54},[36,115085,69],{"class":50},[36,115087,115088,115090,115092,115094,115096,115098,115100],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,115089,2632],{"class":42},[36,115091,47],{"class":46},[36,115093,51],{"class":50},[36,115095,481],{"class":54},[36,115097,58],{"class":50},[36,115099,66],{"class":54},[36,115101,69],{"class":50},[36,115103,115104],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,115105,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,115107,115108,115110,115112,115114,115116,115118,115120,115122],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,115109,83220],{"class":42},[36,115111,47],{"class":46},[36,115113,56925],{"class":42},[36,115115,303],{"class":50},[36,115117,111120],{"class":148},[36,115119,145],{"class":50},[36,115121,1707],{"class":148},[36,115123,152],{"class":50},[36,115125,115126,115128,115130,115132],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,115127,142],{"class":141},[36,115129,145],{"class":50},[36,115131,9770],{"class":148},[36,115133,152],{"class":50},[36,115135,115136],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,115137,114582],{"class":1617},[36,115139,115140,115142,115144,115146],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,115141,142],{"class":141},[36,115143,145],{"class":50},[36,115145,294],{"class":148},[36,115147,152],{"class":50},[36,115149,115150],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,115151,115152],{"class":1617},"# {1, 2}\n",[14,115154,107536,115155,115157,115158,115162],{},[33,115156,14987],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[294,115159,115160],{"href":102647},[33,115161,102650],{}," when you want a new set.",[21,115164,115166],{"id":115165},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[14,115168,10777,115169,303],{},[33,115170,1947],{},[376,115172,115174],{"id":115173},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[14,115176,115177],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[26,115179,115181],{"className":28,"code":115180,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[33,115182,115183,115199,115221,115225,115235],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,115184,115185,115187,115189,115191,115193,115195,115197],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,115186,1665],{"class":42},[36,115188,47],{"class":46},[36,115190,51],{"class":50},[36,115192,55],{"class":54},[36,115194,58],{"class":50},[36,115196,61],{"class":54},[36,115198,69],{"class":50},[36,115200,115201,115203,115205,115207,115209,115211,115213,115215,115217,115219],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,115202,2280],{"class":42},[36,115204,47],{"class":46},[36,115206,96952],{"class":42},[36,115208,303],{"class":50},[36,115210,30498],{"class":148},[36,115212,84],{"class":50},[36,115214,485],{"class":54},[36,115216,58],{"class":50},[36,115218,559],{"class":54},[36,115220,115],{"class":50},[36,115222,115223],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,115224,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,115226,115227,115229,115231,115233],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,115228,142],{"class":141},[36,115230,145],{"class":50},[36,115232,2315],{"class":148},[36,115234,152],{"class":50},[36,115236,115237],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,115238,61866],{"class":1617},[14,115240,115241,115242,1213],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[33,115243,14987],{},[26,115245,115247],{"className":28,"code":115246,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[33,115248,115249,115265,115283,115287,115297],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,115250,115251,115253,115255,115257,115259,115261,115263],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,115252,1665],{"class":42},[36,115254,47],{"class":46},[36,115256,51],{"class":50},[36,115258,55],{"class":54},[36,115260,58],{"class":50},[36,115262,61],{"class":54},[36,115264,69],{"class":50},[36,115266,115267,115269,115271,115273,115275,115277,115279,115281],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,115268,1732],{"class":42},[36,115270,303],{"class":50},[36,115272,30498],{"class":148},[36,115274,84],{"class":50},[36,115276,485],{"class":54},[36,115278,58],{"class":50},[36,115280,559],{"class":54},[36,115282,115],{"class":50},[36,115284,115285],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,115286,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,115288,115289,115291,115293,115295],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,115290,142],{"class":141},[36,115292,145],{"class":50},[36,115294,1732],{"class":148},[36,115296,152],{"class":50},[36,115298,115299],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,115300,113881],{"class":1617},[376,115302,115304],{"id":115303},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[14,115306,2886],{},[26,115308,115310],{"className":28,"code":115309,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[33,115311,115312,115328],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,115313,115314,115316,115318,115320,115322,115324,115326],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,115315,1665],{"class":42},[36,115317,47],{"class":46},[36,115319,51],{"class":50},[36,115321,55],{"class":54},[36,115323,58],{"class":50},[36,115325,61],{"class":54},[36,115327,69],{"class":50},[36,115329,115330,115332,115334,115336,115338,115340],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,115331,1732],{"class":42},[36,115333,303],{"class":50},[36,115335,30498],{"class":148},[36,115337,145],{"class":50},[36,115339,2183],{"class":54},[36,115341,152],{"class":50},[14,115343,62320,115344,8638,115346,115348],{},[33,115345,1210],{},[33,115347,2183],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[14,115350,6594],{},[26,115352,115354],{"className":28,"code":115353,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[33,115355,115356,115372,115386,115390,115400],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,115357,115358,115360,115362,115364,115366,115368,115370],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,115359,1665],{"class":42},[36,115361,47],{"class":46},[36,115363,51],{"class":50},[36,115365,55],{"class":54},[36,115367,58],{"class":50},[36,115369,61],{"class":54},[36,115371,69],{"class":50},[36,115373,115374,115376,115378,115380,115382,115384],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,115375,1732],{"class":42},[36,115377,303],{"class":50},[36,115379,30498],{"class":148},[36,115381,84],{"class":50},[36,115383,2183],{"class":54},[36,115385,115],{"class":50},[36,115387,115388],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,115389,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,115391,115392,115394,115396,115398],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,115393,142],{"class":141},[36,115395,145],{"class":50},[36,115397,1732],{"class":148},[36,115399,152],{"class":50},[36,115401,115402],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,115403,115404],{"class":1617},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[14,115406,45951,115407,303],{},[294,115408,25713,115409],{"href":52638},[33,115410,115411],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[376,115413,115415],{"id":115414},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[14,115417,115418],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[26,115420,115422],{"className":28,"code":115421,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[33,115423,115424,115440,115466,115470,115480],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,115425,115426,115428,115430,115432,115434,115436,115438],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,115427,1665],{"class":42},[36,115429,47],{"class":46},[36,115431,51],{"class":50},[36,115433,55],{"class":54},[36,115435,58],{"class":50},[36,115437,61],{"class":54},[36,115439,69],{"class":50},[36,115441,115442,115444,115446,115448,115450,115452,115454,115456,115458,115460,115462,115464],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,115443,1732],{"class":42},[36,115445,303],{"class":50},[36,115447,30498],{"class":148},[36,115449,84],{"class":50},[36,115451,481],{"class":54},[36,115453,58],{"class":50},[36,115455,61],{"class":54},[36,115457,58],{"class":50},[36,115459,61],{"class":54},[36,115461,58],{"class":50},[36,115463,66],{"class":54},[36,115465,115],{"class":50},[36,115467,115468],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,115469,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,115471,115472,115474,115476,115478],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,115473,142],{"class":141},[36,115475,145],{"class":50},[36,115477,1732],{"class":148},[36,115479,152],{"class":50},[36,115481,115482],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,115483,114582],{"class":1617},[376,115485,115487,115488,44667,115490,115492],{"id":115486},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[33,115489,14987],{},[33,115491,96238],{}," is better",[14,115494,115495,115496,115498],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[33,115497,96238],{}," is usually the better choice.",[26,115500,115502],{"className":28,"code":115501,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[33,115503,115504,115520,115538,115542,115552],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,115505,115506,115508,115510,115512,115514,115516,115518],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,115507,1665],{"class":42},[36,115509,47],{"class":46},[36,115511,51],{"class":50},[36,115513,88],{"class":87},[36,115515,58165],{"class":91},[36,115517,88],{"class":87},[36,115519,69],{"class":50},[36,115521,115522,115524,115526,115528,115530,115532,115534,115536],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,115523,1732],{"class":42},[36,115525,303],{"class":50},[36,115527,82140],{"class":148},[36,115529,145],{"class":50},[36,115531,88],{"class":87},[36,115533,37082],{"class":91},[36,115535,88],{"class":87},[36,115537,152],{"class":50},[36,115539,115540],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,115541,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,115543,115544,115546,115548,115550],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,115545,142],{"class":141},[36,115547,145],{"class":50},[36,115549,1732],{"class":148},[36,115551,152],{"class":50},[36,115553,115554],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,115555,114742],{"class":1617},[21,115557,1872],{"id":1871},[376,115559,12735,115561,97317],{"id":115560},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[33,115562,1947],{},[14,115564,97320,115565,303],{},[33,115566,3822],{},[376,115568,28363,115569,32260],{"id":32257},[33,115570,14987],{},[14,115572,115573],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[376,115575,5220,115577,482,115579,2541],{"id":115576},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[33,115578,96238],{},[33,115580,14987],{},[14,115582,115583,115585,115586,115588],{},[33,115584,96238],{}," adds one item. ",[33,115587,14987],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[376,115590,115592],{"id":115591},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[14,115594,115595,115596,114591],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[33,115597,14987],{},[376,115599,115601],{"id":115600},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[14,115603,495,115604,11122,115606,303],{},[33,115605,102650],{},[33,115607,14987],{},[21,115609,1923],{"id":1922},[246,115611,115612,115619,115626,115632,115638],{},[249,115613,115614],{},[294,115615,115616],{"href":1934},[33,115617,115618],{},"Python set add() method",[249,115620,115621],{},[294,115622,115623],{"href":102647},[33,115624,115625],{},"Python set union() method",[249,115627,115628],{},[294,115629,115630],{"href":97905},[33,115631,97361],{},[249,115633,115634],{},[294,115635,115636],{"href":606},[33,115637,1952],{},[249,115639,115640],{},[294,115641,115642,115644],{"href":52638},[33,115643,115411],{}," fix",[14,115646,115647,115648,115650,115651,115653],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[33,115649,1938],{}," for a single value and ",[33,115652,107894],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1962,115655,115656],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":115658},[115659,115660,115662,115663,115664,115665,115666,115667,115669,115674,115681,115690],{"id":23,"depth":72,"text":24},{"id":113889,"depth":72,"text":115661},"What set.update() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":22001,"depth":72,"text":22002},{"id":114275,"depth":72,"text":114276},{"id":114378,"depth":72,"text":114379},{"id":114585,"depth":72,"text":114586},{"id":114745,"depth":72,"text":115668},"update() vs add()",{"id":114965,"depth":72,"text":115670,"children":115671},"update() vs union()",[115672,115673],{"id":30498,"depth":118,"text":14987},{"id":111120,"depth":118,"text":102650},{"id":115165,"depth":72,"text":115166,"children":115675},[115676,115677,115678,115679],{"id":115173,"depth":118,"text":115174},{"id":115303,"depth":118,"text":115304},{"id":115414,"depth":118,"text":115415},{"id":115486,"depth":118,"text":115680},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":115682},[115683,115685,115686,115688,115689],{"id":115560,"depth":118,"text":115684},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32257,"depth":118,"text":32330},{"id":115576,"depth":118,"text":115687},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115591,"depth":118,"text":115592},{"id":115600,"depth":118,"text":115601},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113801,"description":115691},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115697,"title":115698,"body":115699,"description":117465,"extension":2009,"meta":117466,"navigation":134,"path":13822,"seo":117467,"stem":117468,"__hash__":117469},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115700,"toc":117440},[115701,115704,115707,115710,115721,115729,115732,115734,115883,115895,115899,115916,115920,115928,115930,115941,115943,116040,116046,116049,116145,116154,116159,116163,116168,116170,116180,116182,116291,116299,116303,116306,116309,116326,116332,116412,116415,116419,116422,116426,116429,116488,116491,116495,116498,116590,116594,116597,116704,116708,116714,116742,116744,116826,116836,116840,116843,116854,116857,116942,116945,116950,116954,116957,116968,116971,117113,117116,117120,117123,117137,117140,117201,117207,117209,117212,117234,117237,117337,117340,117372,117374,117378,117381,117383,117386,117390,117393,117397,117400,117404,117407,117409,117437],[10,115702,115698],{"id":115703},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[14,115705,115706],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[14,115708,115709],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[246,115711,115712,115715,115718],{},[249,115713,115714],{},"a list inside another list",[249,115716,115717],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[249,115719,115720],{},"a list of dictionaries",[14,115722,1864,115723,482,115725,115728],{},[180,115724,12882],{},[180,115726,115727],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[14,115730,115731],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[21,115733,2051],{"id":2050},[26,115735,115737],{"className":28,"code":115736,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[33,115738,115739,115746,115750,115776,115796,115816,115820,115838,115842,115855,115869],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,115740,115741,115743],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,115742,35126],{"class":3917},[36,115744,115745],{"class":42}," copy\n",[36,115747,115748],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,115749,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,115751,115752,115754,115756,115758,115760,115762,115764,115766,115768,115770,115772,115774],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,115753,12116],{"class":42},[36,115755,47],{"class":46},[36,115757,56333],{"class":50},[36,115759,55],{"class":54},[36,115761,58],{"class":50},[36,115763,61],{"class":54},[36,115765,18093],{"class":50},[36,115767,1333],{"class":50},[36,115769,485],{"class":54},[36,115771,58],{"class":50},[36,115773,559],{"class":54},[36,115775,53281],{"class":50},[36,115777,115778,115781,115783,115786,115788,115790,115792,115794],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,115779,115780],{"class":42},"shallow ",[36,115782,47],{"class":46},[36,115784,115785],{"class":42}," copy",[36,115787,303],{"class":50},[36,115789,12943],{"class":148},[36,115791,145],{"class":50},[36,115793,12163],{"class":148},[36,115795,152],{"class":50},[36,115797,115798,115801,115803,115805,115807,115810,115812,115814],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,115799,115800],{"class":42},"deep ",[36,115802,47],{"class":46},[36,115804,115785],{"class":42},[36,115806,303],{"class":50},[36,115808,115809],{"class":148},"deepcopy",[36,115811,145],{"class":50},[36,115813,12163],{"class":148},[36,115815,152],{"class":50},[36,115817,115818],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,115819,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,115821,115822,115824,115826,115828,115830,115832,115834,115836],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,115823,12163],{"class":42},[36,115825,3941],{"class":50},[36,115827,2166],{"class":54},[36,115829,13583],{"class":50},[36,115831,13586],{"class":148},[36,115833,145],{"class":50},[36,115835,56386],{"class":54},[36,115837,152],{"class":50},[36,115839,115840],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,115841,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,115843,115844,115846,115848,115850,115852],{"class":38,"line":6471},[36,115845,142],{"class":141},[36,115847,145],{"class":50},[36,115849,12163],{"class":148},[36,115851,3703],{"class":50},[36,115853,115854],{"class":1617},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[36,115856,115857,115859,115861,115864,115866],{"class":38,"line":6476},[36,115858,142],{"class":141},[36,115860,145],{"class":50},[36,115862,115863],{"class":148},"shallow",[36,115865,3703],{"class":50},[36,115867,115868],{"class":1617},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[36,115870,115871,115873,115875,115878,115880],{"class":38,"line":11625},[36,115872,142],{"class":141},[36,115874,145],{"class":50},[36,115876,115877],{"class":148},"deep",[36,115879,3703],{"class":50},[36,115881,115882],{"class":1617},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[14,115884,495,115885,115888,115889,482,115891,115894],{},[33,115886,115887],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[180,115890,12882],{},[33,115892,115893],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[21,115896,115898],{"id":115897},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[246,115900,115901,115904,115907,115910,115913],{},[249,115902,115903],{},"What a copy means in Python",[249,115905,115906],{},"How shallow copy works",[249,115908,115909],{},"How deep copy works",[249,115911,115912],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[249,115914,115915],{},"When to use each approach",[21,115917,115919],{"id":115918},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[14,115921,15220,115922,115924,115925,115927],{},[180,115923,12882],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[180,115926,870],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[14,115929,2153],{},[246,115931,115932,115935,115938],{},[249,115933,115934],{},"the outer container is new",[249,115936,115937],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[249,115939,115940],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[14,115942,2257],{},[26,115944,115946],{"className":28,"code":115945,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[33,115947,115948,115974,115988,115992,116010,116014,116027],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,115949,115950,115952,115954,115956,115958,115960,115962,115964,115966,115968,115970,115972],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,115951,12116],{"class":42},[36,115953,47],{"class":46},[36,115955,56333],{"class":50},[36,115957,55],{"class":54},[36,115959,58],{"class":50},[36,115961,61],{"class":54},[36,115963,18093],{"class":50},[36,115965,1333],{"class":50},[36,115967,485],{"class":54},[36,115969,58],{"class":50},[36,115971,559],{"class":54},[36,115973,53281],{"class":50},[36,115975,115976,115978,115980,115982,115984,115986],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,115977,14344],{"class":42},[36,115979,47],{"class":46},[36,115981,12191],{"class":42},[36,115983,303],{"class":50},[36,115985,12943],{"class":148},[36,115987,128],{"class":50},[36,115989,115990],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,115991,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,115993,115994,115996,115998,116000,116002,116004,116006,116008],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,115995,14363],{"class":42},[36,115997,303],{"class":50},[36,115999,13586],{"class":148},[36,116001,84],{"class":50},[36,116003,2183],{"class":54},[36,116005,58],{"class":50},[36,116007,37679],{"class":54},[36,116009,115],{"class":50},[36,116011,116012],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,116013,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,116015,116016,116018,116020,116022,116024],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,116017,142],{"class":141},[36,116019,145],{"class":50},[36,116021,12163],{"class":148},[36,116023,3703],{"class":50},[36,116025,116026],{"class":1617},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[36,116028,116029,116031,116033,116035,116037],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,116030,142],{"class":141},[36,116032,145],{"class":50},[36,116034,14363],{"class":148},[36,116036,3703],{"class":50},[36,116038,116039],{"class":1617},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[14,116041,116042,116043,116045],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[33,116044,14363],{},", because the outer list is different.",[14,116047,116048],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[26,116050,116052],{"className":28,"code":116051,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[33,116053,116054,116080,116094,116098,116116,116120,116132],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,116055,116056,116058,116060,116062,116064,116066,116068,116070,116072,116074,116076,116078],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,116057,12116],{"class":42},[36,116059,47],{"class":46},[36,116061,56333],{"class":50},[36,116063,55],{"class":54},[36,116065,58],{"class":50},[36,116067,61],{"class":54},[36,116069,18093],{"class":50},[36,116071,1333],{"class":50},[36,116073,485],{"class":54},[36,116075,58],{"class":50},[36,116077,559],{"class":54},[36,116079,53281],{"class":50},[36,116081,116082,116084,116086,116088,116090,116092],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,116083,14344],{"class":42},[36,116085,47],{"class":46},[36,116087,12191],{"class":42},[36,116089,303],{"class":50},[36,116091,12943],{"class":148},[36,116093,128],{"class":50},[36,116095,116096],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,116097,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,116099,116100,116102,116104,116106,116108,116110,116112,116114],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,116101,14363],{"class":42},[36,116103,3941],{"class":50},[36,116105,2166],{"class":54},[36,116107,13583],{"class":50},[36,116109,13586],{"class":148},[36,116111,145],{"class":50},[36,116113,56386],{"class":54},[36,116115,152],{"class":50},[36,116117,116118],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,116119,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,116121,116122,116124,116126,116128,116130],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,116123,142],{"class":141},[36,116125,145],{"class":50},[36,116127,12163],{"class":148},[36,116129,3703],{"class":50},[36,116131,115854],{"class":1617},[36,116133,116134,116136,116138,116140,116142],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,116135,142],{"class":141},[36,116137,145],{"class":50},[36,116139,14363],{"class":148},[36,116141,3703],{"class":50},[36,116143,116144],{"class":1617},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[14,116146,116147,116148,482,116150,116153],{},"Both changed because ",[33,116149,56490],{},[33,116151,116152],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[14,116155,116156,116157,303],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[294,116158,43974],{"href":12095},[21,116160,116162],{"id":116161},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[14,116164,15220,116165,116167],{},[180,116166,115727],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[14,116169,2153],{},[246,116171,116172,116174,116177],{},[249,116173,115934],{},[249,116175,116176],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[249,116178,116179],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[14,116181,2257],{},[26,116183,116185],{"className":28,"code":116184,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[33,116186,116187,116193,116197,116223,116241,116245,116263,116267,116279],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,116188,116189,116191],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,116190,35126],{"class":3917},[36,116192,115745],{"class":42},[36,116194,116195],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,116196,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,116198,116199,116201,116203,116205,116207,116209,116211,116213,116215,116217,116219,116221],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,116200,12116],{"class":42},[36,116202,47],{"class":46},[36,116204,56333],{"class":50},[36,116206,55],{"class":54},[36,116208,58],{"class":50},[36,116210,61],{"class":54},[36,116212,18093],{"class":50},[36,116214,1333],{"class":50},[36,116216,485],{"class":54},[36,116218,58],{"class":50},[36,116220,559],{"class":54},[36,116222,53281],{"class":50},[36,116224,116225,116227,116229,116231,116233,116235,116237,116239],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,116226,14344],{"class":42},[36,116228,47],{"class":46},[36,116230,115785],{"class":42},[36,116232,303],{"class":50},[36,116234,115809],{"class":148},[36,116236,145],{"class":50},[36,116238,12163],{"class":148},[36,116240,152],{"class":50},[36,116242,116243],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,116244,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,116246,116247,116249,116251,116253,116255,116257,116259,116261],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,116248,14363],{"class":42},[36,116250,3941],{"class":50},[36,116252,2166],{"class":54},[36,116254,13583],{"class":50},[36,116256,13586],{"class":148},[36,116258,145],{"class":50},[36,116260,56386],{"class":54},[36,116262,152],{"class":50},[36,116264,116265],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,116266,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,116268,116269,116271,116273,116275,116277],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,116270,142],{"class":141},[36,116272,145],{"class":50},[36,116274,12163],{"class":148},[36,116276,3703],{"class":50},[36,116278,116026],{"class":1617},[36,116280,116281,116283,116285,116287,116289],{"class":38,"line":6471},[36,116282,142],{"class":141},[36,116284,145],{"class":50},[36,116286,14363],{"class":148},[36,116288,3703],{"class":50},[36,116290,116144],{"class":1617},[14,116292,116293,116294,116296,116297,303],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[33,116295,116152],{}," does not change ",[33,116298,56490],{},[21,116300,116302],{"id":116301},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[14,116304,116305],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[14,116307,116308],{},"Common reasons:",[246,116310,116311,116314,116317,116323],{},[249,116312,116313],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[249,116315,116316],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[249,116318,116319,116320,116322],{},"Assignment with ",[33,116321,47],{}," does not make a copy",[249,116324,116325],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[14,116327,116328,116329,116331],{},"For example, this does ",[180,116330,870],{}," create a copy:",[26,116333,116335],{"className":28,"code":116334,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[33,116336,116337,116357,116365,116369,116383,116387,116399],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,116338,116339,116341,116343,116345,116347,116349,116351,116353,116355],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,116340,12116],{"class":42},[36,116342,47],{"class":46},[36,116344,1333],{"class":50},[36,116346,55],{"class":54},[36,116348,58],{"class":50},[36,116350,61],{"class":54},[36,116352,58],{"class":50},[36,116354,66],{"class":54},[36,116356,1355],{"class":50},[36,116358,116359,116361,116363],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,116360,14344],{"class":42},[36,116362,47],{"class":46},[36,116364,12154],{"class":42},[36,116366,116367],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,116368,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,116370,116371,116373,116375,116377,116379,116381],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,116372,14363],{"class":42},[36,116374,303],{"class":50},[36,116376,13586],{"class":148},[36,116378,145],{"class":50},[36,116380,2554],{"class":54},[36,116382,152],{"class":50},[36,116384,116385],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,116386,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,116388,116389,116391,116393,116395,116397],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,116390,142],{"class":141},[36,116392,145],{"class":50},[36,116394,12163],{"class":148},[36,116396,3703],{"class":50},[36,116398,55740],{"class":1617},[36,116400,116401,116403,116405,116407,116409],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,116402,142],{"class":141},[36,116404,145],{"class":50},[36,116406,14363],{"class":148},[36,116408,3703],{"class":50},[36,116410,116411],{"class":1617},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,116413,116414],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[21,116416,116418],{"id":116417},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[14,116420,116421],{},"These three ideas are different.",[376,116423,116425],{"id":116424},"assignment","Assignment",[14,116427,116428],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[26,116430,116432],{"className":28,"code":116431,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[33,116433,116434,116460,116468,116472],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,116435,116436,116438,116440,116442,116444,116446,116448,116450,116452,116454,116456,116458],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,116437,12116],{"class":42},[36,116439,47],{"class":46},[36,116441,56333],{"class":50},[36,116443,55],{"class":54},[36,116445,58],{"class":50},[36,116447,61],{"class":54},[36,116449,18093],{"class":50},[36,116451,1333],{"class":50},[36,116453,485],{"class":54},[36,116455,58],{"class":50},[36,116457,559],{"class":54},[36,116459,53281],{"class":50},[36,116461,116462,116464,116466],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,116463,14135],{"class":42},[36,116465,47],{"class":46},[36,116467,12154],{"class":42},[36,116469,116470],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,116471,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,116473,116474,116476,116478,116480,116482,116484,116486],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,116475,142],{"class":141},[36,116477,145],{"class":50},[36,116479,12116],{"class":148},[36,116481,12224],{"class":3917},[36,116483,14203],{"class":148},[36,116485,3703],{"class":50},[36,116487,3706],{"class":1617},[14,116489,116490],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[376,116492,116494],{"id":116493},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[14,116496,116497],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[26,116499,116501],{"className":28,"code":116500,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[33,116502,116503,116529,116543,116547,116564],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,116504,116505,116507,116509,116511,116513,116515,116517,116519,116521,116523,116525,116527],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,116506,12116],{"class":42},[36,116508,47],{"class":46},[36,116510,56333],{"class":50},[36,116512,55],{"class":54},[36,116514,58],{"class":50},[36,116516,61],{"class":54},[36,116518,18093],{"class":50},[36,116520,1333],{"class":50},[36,116522,485],{"class":54},[36,116524,58],{"class":50},[36,116526,559],{"class":54},[36,116528,53281],{"class":50},[36,116530,116531,116533,116535,116537,116539,116541],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,116532,115780],{"class":42},[36,116534,47],{"class":46},[36,116536,12191],{"class":42},[36,116538,303],{"class":50},[36,116540,12943],{"class":148},[36,116542,128],{"class":50},[36,116544,116545],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,116546,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,116548,116549,116551,116553,116555,116557,116560,116562],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,116550,142],{"class":141},[36,116552,145],{"class":50},[36,116554,12116],{"class":148},[36,116556,12224],{"class":3917},[36,116558,116559],{"class":148}," shallow",[36,116561,3703],{"class":50},[36,116563,21232],{"class":1617},[36,116565,116566,116568,116570,116572,116574,116576,116578,116580,116582,116584,116586,116588],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,116567,142],{"class":141},[36,116569,145],{"class":50},[36,116571,12163],{"class":148},[36,116573,3941],{"class":50},[36,116575,2166],{"class":54},[36,116577,13306],{"class":50},[36,116579,8132],{"class":3917},[36,116581,116559],{"class":148},[36,116583,3941],{"class":50},[36,116585,2166],{"class":54},[36,116587,20478],{"class":50},[36,116589,3706],{"class":1617},[376,116591,116593],{"id":116592},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[14,116595,116596],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[26,116598,116600],{"className":28,"code":116599,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[33,116601,116602,116608,116612,116638,116656,116660,116678],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,116603,116604,116606],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,116605,35126],{"class":3917},[36,116607,115745],{"class":42},[36,116609,116610],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,116611,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,116613,116614,116616,116618,116620,116622,116624,116626,116628,116630,116632,116634,116636],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,116615,12116],{"class":42},[36,116617,47],{"class":46},[36,116619,56333],{"class":50},[36,116621,55],{"class":54},[36,116623,58],{"class":50},[36,116625,61],{"class":54},[36,116627,18093],{"class":50},[36,116629,1333],{"class":50},[36,116631,485],{"class":54},[36,116633,58],{"class":50},[36,116635,559],{"class":54},[36,116637,53281],{"class":50},[36,116639,116640,116642,116644,116646,116648,116650,116652,116654],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,116641,115800],{"class":42},[36,116643,47],{"class":46},[36,116645,115785],{"class":42},[36,116647,303],{"class":50},[36,116649,115809],{"class":148},[36,116651,145],{"class":50},[36,116653,12163],{"class":148},[36,116655,152],{"class":50},[36,116657,116658],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,116659,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,116661,116662,116664,116666,116668,116670,116673,116675],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,116663,142],{"class":141},[36,116665,145],{"class":50},[36,116667,12116],{"class":148},[36,116669,12224],{"class":3917},[36,116671,116672],{"class":148}," deep",[36,116674,3703],{"class":50},[36,116676,116677],{"class":1617},"         # False\n",[36,116679,116680,116682,116684,116686,116688,116690,116692,116694,116696,116698,116700,116702],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,116681,142],{"class":141},[36,116683,145],{"class":50},[36,116685,12163],{"class":148},[36,116687,3941],{"class":50},[36,116689,2166],{"class":54},[36,116691,13306],{"class":50},[36,116693,8132],{"class":3917},[36,116695,116672],{"class":148},[36,116697,3941],{"class":50},[36,116699,2166],{"class":54},[36,116701,20478],{"class":50},[36,116703,43910],{"class":1617},[21,116705,116707],{"id":116706},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[14,116709,116710,116711,1213],{},"These all make ",[180,116712,116713],{},"shallow copies",[246,116715,116716,116720,116724,116729,116735],{},[249,116717,116718],{},[33,116719,55640],{},[249,116721,116722],{},[33,116723,12465],{},[249,116725,116726],{},[33,116727,116728],{},"set.copy()",[249,116730,116731,116732],{},"list slicing like ",[33,116733,116734],{},"my_list[:]",[249,116736,116737,116739,116740,35116],{},[33,116738,115887],{}," from the ",[33,116741,12943],{},[14,116743,2172],{},[26,116745,116747],{"className":28,"code":116746,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[33,116748,116749,116769,116773,116787,116798,116802,116814],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,116750,116751,116753,116755,116757,116759,116761,116763,116765,116767],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,116752,43],{"class":42},[36,116754,47],{"class":46},[36,116756,1333],{"class":50},[36,116758,55],{"class":54},[36,116760,58],{"class":50},[36,116762,61],{"class":54},[36,116764,58],{"class":50},[36,116766,66],{"class":54},[36,116768,1355],{"class":50},[36,116770,116771],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,116772,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,116774,116775,116777,116779,116781,116783,116785],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,116776,2604],{"class":42},[36,116778,47],{"class":46},[36,116780,4301],{"class":42},[36,116782,303],{"class":50},[36,116784,12943],{"class":148},[36,116786,128],{"class":50},[36,116788,116789,116791,116793,116795],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,116790,2632],{"class":42},[36,116792,47],{"class":46},[36,116794,4301],{"class":42},[36,116796,116797],{"class":50},"[:]\n",[36,116799,116800],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,116801,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,116803,116804,116806,116808,116810,116812],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,116805,142],{"class":141},[36,116807,145],{"class":50},[36,116809,294],{"class":148},[36,116811,3703],{"class":50},[36,116813,54971],{"class":1617},[36,116815,116816,116818,116820,116822,116824],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,116817,142],{"class":141},[36,116819,145],{"class":50},[36,116821,1707],{"class":148},[36,116823,3703],{"class":50},[36,116825,54971],{"class":1617},[14,116827,73174,116828,47571,116832,303],{},[294,116829,116830,1939],{"href":54999},[33,116831,55640],{},[294,116833,116834,1939],{"href":12462},[33,116835,12465],{},[21,116837,116839],{"id":116838},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[14,116841,116842],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[246,116844,116845,116848,116851],{},[249,116846,116847],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[249,116849,116850],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[249,116852,116853],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[14,116855,116856],{},"Example with a flat list:",[26,116858,116860],{"className":28,"code":116859,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[33,116861,116862,116882,116896,116900,116914,116918,116930],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,116863,116864,116866,116868,116870,116872,116874,116876,116878,116880],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,116865,12116],{"class":42},[36,116867,47],{"class":46},[36,116869,1333],{"class":50},[36,116871,55],{"class":54},[36,116873,58],{"class":50},[36,116875,61],{"class":54},[36,116877,58],{"class":50},[36,116879,66],{"class":54},[36,116881,1355],{"class":50},[36,116883,116884,116886,116888,116890,116892,116894],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,116885,14344],{"class":42},[36,116887,47],{"class":46},[36,116889,12191],{"class":42},[36,116891,303],{"class":50},[36,116893,12943],{"class":148},[36,116895,128],{"class":50},[36,116897,116898],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,116899,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,116901,116902,116904,116906,116908,116910,116912],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,116903,14363],{"class":42},[36,116905,303],{"class":50},[36,116907,13586],{"class":148},[36,116909,145],{"class":50},[36,116911,2554],{"class":54},[36,116913,152],{"class":50},[36,116915,116916],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,116917,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,116919,116920,116922,116924,116926,116928],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,116921,142],{"class":141},[36,116923,145],{"class":50},[36,116925,12163],{"class":148},[36,116927,3703],{"class":50},[36,116929,54971],{"class":1617},[36,116931,116932,116934,116936,116938,116940],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,116933,142],{"class":141},[36,116935,145],{"class":50},[36,116937,14363],{"class":148},[36,116939,3703],{"class":50},[36,116941,116411],{"class":1617},[14,116943,116944],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[14,116946,116947,116948,303],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[294,116949,14921],{"href":57257},[21,116951,116953],{"id":116952},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[14,116955,116956],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[246,116958,116959,116962,116965],{},[249,116960,116961],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[249,116963,116964],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[249,116966,116967],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[14,116969,116970],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[26,116972,116974],{"className":28,"code":116973,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[33,116975,116976,116982,116986,117012,117026,117044,117048,117070,117074,117087,117100],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,116977,116978,116980],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,116979,35126],{"class":3917},[36,116981,115745],{"class":42},[36,116983,116984],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,116985,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,116987,116988,116990,116992,116994,116996,116998,117000,117002,117004,117006,117008,117010],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,116989,12116],{"class":42},[36,116991,47],{"class":46},[36,116993,51],{"class":50},[36,116995,88],{"class":87},[36,116997,16418],{"class":91},[36,116999,88],{"class":87},[36,117001,1213],{"class":50},[36,117003,1333],{"class":50},[36,117005,631],{"class":54},[36,117007,58],{"class":50},[36,117009,636],{"class":54},[36,117011,1197],{"class":50},[36,117013,117014,117016,117018,117020,117022,117024],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,117015,115780],{"class":42},[36,117017,47],{"class":46},[36,117019,12191],{"class":42},[36,117021,303],{"class":50},[36,117023,12943],{"class":148},[36,117025,128],{"class":50},[36,117027,117028,117030,117032,117034,117036,117038,117040,117042],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,117029,115800],{"class":42},[36,117031,47],{"class":46},[36,117033,115785],{"class":42},[36,117035,303],{"class":50},[36,117037,115809],{"class":148},[36,117039,145],{"class":50},[36,117041,12163],{"class":148},[36,117043,152],{"class":50},[36,117045,117046],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,117047,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,117049,117050,117052,117054,117056,117058,117060,117062,117064,117066,117068],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,117051,12163],{"class":42},[36,117053,3941],{"class":50},[36,117055,88],{"class":87},[36,117057,16418],{"class":91},[36,117059,88],{"class":87},[36,117061,13583],{"class":50},[36,117063,13586],{"class":148},[36,117065,145],{"class":50},[36,117067,36876],{"class":54},[36,117069,152],{"class":50},[36,117071,117072],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,117073,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,117075,117076,117078,117080,117082,117084],{"class":38,"line":6471},[36,117077,142],{"class":141},[36,117079,145],{"class":50},[36,117081,12163],{"class":148},[36,117083,3703],{"class":50},[36,117085,117086],{"class":1617},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[36,117088,117089,117091,117093,117095,117097],{"class":38,"line":6476},[36,117090,142],{"class":141},[36,117092,145],{"class":50},[36,117094,115863],{"class":148},[36,117096,3703],{"class":50},[36,117098,117099],{"class":1617},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[36,117101,117102,117104,117106,117108,117110],{"class":38,"line":11625},[36,117103,142],{"class":141},[36,117105,145],{"class":50},[36,117107,115877],{"class":148},[36,117109,3703],{"class":50},[36,117111,117112],{"class":1617},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[14,117114,117115],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[21,117117,117119],{"id":117118},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[14,117121,117122],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[246,117124,117125,117128,117131,117134],{},[249,117126,117127],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[249,117129,117130],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[249,117132,117133],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[249,117135,117136],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[14,117138,117139],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[26,117141,117143],{"className":28,"code":117142,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[33,117144,117145,117153,117161,117165,117173,117177,117189],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,117146,117147,117149,117151],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,117148,2604],{"class":42},[36,117150,47],{"class":46},[36,117152,2637],{"class":54},[36,117154,117155,117157,117159],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,117156,2632],{"class":42},[36,117158,47],{"class":46},[36,117160,36210],{"class":42},[36,117162,117163],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,117164,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,117166,117167,117169,117171],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,117168,2632],{"class":42},[36,117170,47],{"class":46},[36,117172,14647],{"class":54},[36,117174,117175],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,117176,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,117178,117179,117181,117183,117185,117187],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,117180,142],{"class":141},[36,117182,145],{"class":50},[36,117184,294],{"class":148},[36,117186,3703],{"class":50},[36,117188,26829],{"class":1617},[36,117190,117191,117193,117195,117197,117199],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,117192,142],{"class":141},[36,117194,145],{"class":50},[36,117196,1707],{"class":148},[36,117198,3703],{"class":50},[36,117200,27650],{"class":1617},[14,117202,93543,117203,117206],{},[294,117204,117205],{"href":12095},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[21,117208,1455],{"id":1454},[14,117210,117211],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[246,117213,117214,117218,117223,117228,117231],{},[249,117215,1462,117216,56821],{},[33,117217,47],{},[249,117219,1462,117220,117222],{},[33,117221,55640],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[249,117224,1462,117225,117227],{},[33,117226,12465],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[249,117229,117230],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[249,117232,117233],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[14,117235,117236],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[26,117238,117240],{"className":28,"code":117239,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[33,117241,117242,117256,117270,117292,117323],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,117243,117244,117246,117248,117250,117252,117254],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,117245,142],{"class":141},[36,117247,145],{"class":50},[36,117249,12116],{"class":148},[36,117251,12224],{"class":3917},[36,117253,14417],{"class":148},[36,117255,152],{"class":50},[36,117257,117258,117260,117262,117264,117266,117268],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,117259,142],{"class":141},[36,117261,145],{"class":50},[36,117263,12116],{"class":148},[36,117265,4727],{"class":46},[36,117267,14417],{"class":148},[36,117269,152],{"class":50},[36,117271,117272,117274,117276,117278,117280,117282,117284,117286,117288,117290],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,117273,142],{"class":141},[36,117275,145],{"class":50},[36,117277,12680],{"class":141},[36,117279,145],{"class":50},[36,117281,12163],{"class":148},[36,117283,1140],{"class":50},[36,117285,14849],{"class":141},[36,117287,145],{"class":50},[36,117289,14363],{"class":148},[36,117291,445],{"class":50},[36,117293,117294,117296,117298,117300,117302,117304,117306,117308,117311,117313,117315,117317,117319,117321],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,117295,142],{"class":141},[36,117297,145],{"class":50},[36,117299,12680],{"class":141},[36,117301,145],{"class":50},[36,117303,12163],{"class":148},[36,117305,3941],{"class":50},[36,117307,2166],{"class":54},[36,117309,117310],{"class":50},"]),",[36,117312,14849],{"class":141},[36,117314,145],{"class":50},[36,117316,14363],{"class":148},[36,117318,3941],{"class":50},[36,117320,2166],{"class":54},[36,117322,3047],{"class":50},[36,117324,117325,117327,117329,117331,117333,117335],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,117326,142],{"class":141},[36,117328,145],{"class":50},[36,117330,818],{"class":80},[36,117332,145],{"class":50},[36,117334,12163],{"class":148},[36,117336,445],{"class":50},[14,117338,117339],{},"What they tell you:",[246,117341,117342,117347,117352,117357,117367],{},[249,117343,117344,117346],{},[33,117345,12224],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[249,117348,117349,117351],{},[33,117350,4727],{}," checks whether values are equal",[249,117353,117354,117356],{},[33,117355,43526],{}," shows the identity of an object",[249,117358,117359,117360,482,117363,117366],{},"comparing ",[33,117361,117362],{},"id(original[0])",[33,117364,117365],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[249,117368,117369,117371],{},[33,117370,2353],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[21,117373,1872],{"id":1871},[376,117375,117377],{"id":117376},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[14,117379,117380],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[376,117382,57307],{"id":57222},[14,117384,117385],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[376,117387,117389],{"id":117388},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[14,117391,117392],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[376,117394,117396],{"id":117395},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[14,117398,117399],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[376,117401,117403],{"id":117402},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[14,117405,117406],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[21,117408,1923],{"id":1922},[246,117410,117411,117416,117422,117428,117432],{},[249,117412,117413],{},[294,117414,117415],{"href":12095},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[249,117417,117418],{},[294,117419,1935,117420,1939],{"href":54999},[33,117421,55640],{},[249,117423,117424],{},[294,117425,1935,117426,1939],{"href":12462},[33,117427,12465],{},[249,117429,117430],{},[294,117431,14998],{"href":57257},[249,117433,117434],{},[294,117435,117436],{"href":58532},"What is a list in Python?",[1962,117438,117439],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":117441},[117442,117443,117444,117445,117446,117447,117452,117453,117454,117455,117456,117457,117464],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":115897,"depth":72,"text":115898},{"id":115918,"depth":72,"text":115919},{"id":116161,"depth":72,"text":116162},{"id":116301,"depth":72,"text":116302},{"id":116417,"depth":72,"text":116418,"children":117448},[117449,117450,117451],{"id":116424,"depth":118,"text":116425},{"id":116493,"depth":118,"text":116494},{"id":116592,"depth":118,"text":116593},{"id":116706,"depth":72,"text":116707},{"id":116838,"depth":72,"text":116839},{"id":116952,"depth":72,"text":116953},{"id":117118,"depth":72,"text":117119},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":117458},[117459,117460,117461,117462,117463],{"id":117376,"depth":118,"text":117377},{"id":57222,"depth":118,"text":57307},{"id":117388,"depth":118,"text":117389},{"id":117395,"depth":118,"text":117396},{"id":117402,"depth":118,"text":117403},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115698,"description":117465},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117471,"title":117472,"body":117473,"description":119330,"extension":2009,"meta":119331,"navigation":134,"path":119332,"seo":119333,"stem":119334,"__hash__":119335},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117474,"toc":119288},[117475,117480,117485,117493,117495,117563,117568,117573,117588,117591,117593,117624,117626,117646,117649,117664,117666,117669,117742,117744,117789,117791,117802,117807,117811,117816,117819,117858,117860,117880,117883,117940,117942,117977,117980,118019,118021,118041,118044,118075,118077,118133,118135,118140,118211,118213,118246,118251,118256,118321,118323,118360,118363,118440,118442,118502,118509,118514,118517,118520,118601,118603,118644,118649,118652,118730,118732,118765,118774,118781,118784,118795,118798,118809,118813,118821,118830,118834,118839,118843,118848,118891,118894,118900,118903,118905,118952,118957,118961,118964,119013,119015,119036,119039,119041,119066,119069,119190,119195,119197,119202,119205,119210,119213,119221,119226,119233,119236,119244,119247,119249,119285],[10,117476,1935,117478,3624],{"id":117477},"python-sorted-function-explained",[33,117479,74458],{},[14,117481,117482,117484],{},[33,117483,74458],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[14,117486,117487,117488,2238,117490,117492],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[33,117489,77901],{},[33,117491,74458],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[21,117494,24],{"id":23},[26,117496,117498],{"className":28,"code":117497,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[33,117499,117500,117520,117534,117538,117550],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,117501,117502,117504,117506,117508,117510,117512,117514,117516,117518],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,117503,43],{"class":42},[36,117505,47],{"class":46},[36,117507,1333],{"class":50},[36,117509,485],{"class":54},[36,117511,58],{"class":50},[36,117513,1340],{"class":54},[36,117515,58],{"class":50},[36,117517,61],{"class":54},[36,117519,1355],{"class":50},[36,117521,117522,117524,117526,117528,117530,117532],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,117523,2280],{"class":42},[36,117525,47],{"class":46},[36,117527,74592],{"class":141},[36,117529,145],{"class":50},[36,117531,149],{"class":148},[36,117533,152],{"class":50},[36,117535,117536],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,117537,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,117539,117540,117542,117544,117546,117548],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,117541,142],{"class":141},[36,117543,145],{"class":50},[36,117545,2315],{"class":148},[36,117547,3703],{"class":50},[36,117549,55727],{"class":1617},[36,117551,117552,117554,117556,117558,117560],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,117553,142],{"class":141},[36,117555,145],{"class":50},[36,117557,149],{"class":148},[36,117559,3703],{"class":50},[36,117561,117562],{"class":1617},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[14,117564,117565,117567],{},[33,117566,74458],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[21,117569,3720,117571,3723],{"id":117570},"what-sorted-does",[33,117572,74458],{},[246,117574,117575,117579,117582,117585],{},[249,117576,117577,62961],{},[33,117578,74458],{},[249,117580,117581],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[249,117583,117584],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[249,117586,117587],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[14,117589,117590],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[21,117592,2205],{"id":2204},[26,117594,117596],{"className":28,"code":117595,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[33,117597,117598],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,117599,117600,117602,117604,117606,117608,117610,117612,117614,117616,117618,117620,117622],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,117601,74548],{"class":141},[36,117603,145],{"class":50},[36,117605,3764],{"class":148},[36,117607,58],{"class":50},[36,117609,21611],{"class":9210},[36,117611,47],{"class":46},[36,117613,3822],{"class":1143},[36,117615,58],{"class":50},[36,117617,78104],{"class":9210},[36,117619,47],{"class":46},[36,117621,3716],{"class":1143},[36,117623,152],{"class":50},[376,117625,17425],{"id":17424},[246,117627,117628,117633,117638],{},[249,117629,117630,117632],{},[33,117631,3764],{},": the values to sort",[249,117634,117635,117637],{},[33,117636,14874],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[249,117639,117640,117642,117643,117645],{},[33,117641,73611],{},": set to ",[33,117644,3649],{}," to sort in descending order",[14,117647,117648],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[26,117650,117652],{"className":28,"code":117651,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"sorted(my_values)\n",[33,117653,117654],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,117655,117656,117658,117660,117662],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,117657,74548],{"class":141},[36,117659,145],{"class":50},[36,117661,60346],{"class":148},[36,117663,152],{"class":50},[21,117665,11505],{"id":11504},[14,117667,117668],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[26,117670,117672],{"className":28,"code":117671,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,117673,117674,117698,117702,117717,117721,117732],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,117675,117676,117678,117680,117682,117684,117686,117688,117690,117692,117694,117696],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,117677,43],{"class":42},[36,117679,47],{"class":46},[36,117681,1333],{"class":50},[36,117683,2183],{"class":54},[36,117685,58],{"class":50},[36,117687,61],{"class":54},[36,117689,58],{"class":50},[36,117691,6399],{"class":54},[36,117693,58],{"class":50},[36,117695,1340],{"class":54},[36,117697,1355],{"class":50},[36,117699,117700],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,117701,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,117703,117704,117707,117709,117711,117713,117715],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,117705,117706],{"class":42},"sorted_numbers ",[36,117708,47],{"class":46},[36,117710,74592],{"class":141},[36,117712,145],{"class":50},[36,117714,149],{"class":148},[36,117716,152],{"class":50},[36,117718,117719],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,117720,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,117722,117723,117725,117727,117730],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,117724,142],{"class":141},[36,117726,145],{"class":50},[36,117728,117729],{"class":148},"sorted_numbers",[36,117731,152],{"class":50},[36,117733,117734,117736,117738,117740],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,117735,142],{"class":141},[36,117737,145],{"class":50},[36,117739,149],{"class":148},[36,117741,152],{"class":50},[14,117743,182],{},[26,117745,117747],{"className":28,"code":117746,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[33,117748,117749,117769],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,117750,117751,117753,117755,117757,117759,117761,117763,117765,117767],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,117752,3941],{"class":50},[36,117754,55],{"class":54},[36,117756,58],{"class":50},[36,117758,61],{"class":54},[36,117760,58],{"class":50},[36,117762,4644],{"class":54},[36,117764,58],{"class":50},[36,117766,6399],{"class":54},[36,117768,1355],{"class":50},[36,117770,117771,117773,117775,117777,117779,117781,117783,117785,117787],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,117772,3941],{"class":50},[36,117774,2183],{"class":54},[36,117776,58],{"class":50},[36,117778,61],{"class":54},[36,117780,58],{"class":50},[36,117782,6399],{"class":54},[36,117784,58],{"class":50},[36,117786,1340],{"class":54},[36,117788,1355],{"class":50},[14,117790,13795],{},[246,117792,117793,117798],{},[249,117794,117795,117797],{},[33,117796,117729],{}," is a new sorted list",[249,117799,117800,112334],{},[33,117801,149],{},[14,117803,117804,117805,303],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[294,117806,78411],{"href":78410},[21,117808,117810],{"id":117809},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[14,117812,117813,117815],{},[33,117814,74458],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[376,117817,117818],{"id":1225},"List",[26,117820,117822],{"className":28,"code":117821,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[33,117823,117824,117844],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,117825,117826,117828,117830,117832,117834,117836,117838,117840,117842],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,117827,43],{"class":42},[36,117829,47],{"class":46},[36,117831,1333],{"class":50},[36,117833,485],{"class":54},[36,117835,58],{"class":50},[36,117837,1340],{"class":54},[36,117839,58],{"class":50},[36,117841,61],{"class":54},[36,117843,1355],{"class":50},[36,117845,117846,117848,117850,117852,117854,117856],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,117847,142],{"class":141},[36,117849,145],{"class":50},[36,117851,74548],{"class":141},[36,117853,145],{"class":50},[36,117855,149],{"class":148},[36,117857,445],{"class":50},[14,117859,182],{},[26,117861,117862],{"className":28,"code":55189,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,117863,117864],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,117865,117866,117868,117870,117872,117874,117876,117878],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,117867,3941],{"class":50},[36,117869,55],{"class":54},[36,117871,58],{"class":50},[36,117873,61],{"class":54},[36,117875,58],{"class":50},[36,117877,66],{"class":54},[36,117879,1355],{"class":50},[376,117881,117882],{"id":48991},"Tuple",[26,117884,117886],{"className":28,"code":117885,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[33,117887,117888,117908,117922],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,117889,117890,117892,117894,117896,117898,117900,117902,117904,117906],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,117891,621],{"class":42},[36,117893,47],{"class":46},[36,117895,1131],{"class":50},[36,117897,485],{"class":54},[36,117899,58],{"class":50},[36,117901,1340],{"class":54},[36,117903,58],{"class":50},[36,117905,61],{"class":54},[36,117907,152],{"class":50},[36,117909,117910,117912,117914,117916,117918,117920],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,117911,142],{"class":141},[36,117913,145],{"class":50},[36,117915,74548],{"class":141},[36,117917,145],{"class":50},[36,117919,656],{"class":148},[36,117921,445],{"class":50},[36,117923,117924,117926,117928,117930,117932,117934,117936,117938],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,117925,142],{"class":141},[36,117927,145],{"class":50},[36,117929,818],{"class":80},[36,117931,145],{"class":50},[36,117933,74548],{"class":141},[36,117935,145],{"class":50},[36,117937,656],{"class":148},[36,117939,2961],{"class":50},[14,117941,182],{},[26,117943,117945],{"className":28,"code":117944,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[33,117946,117947,117963],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,117948,117949,117951,117953,117955,117957,117959,117961],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,117950,3941],{"class":50},[36,117952,55],{"class":54},[36,117954,58],{"class":50},[36,117956,61],{"class":54},[36,117958,58],{"class":50},[36,117960,66],{"class":54},[36,117962,1355],{"class":50},[36,117964,117965,117967,117969,117971,117973,117975],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,117966,844],{"class":46},[36,117968,848],{"class":847},[36,117970,220],{"class":87},[36,117972,1225],{"class":91},[36,117974,211],{"class":87},[36,117976,857],{"class":46},[376,117978,117979],{"id":231},"Set",[26,117981,117983],{"className":28,"code":117982,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[33,117984,117985,118005],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,117986,117987,117989,117991,117993,117995,117997,117999,118001,118003],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,117988,621],{"class":42},[36,117990,47],{"class":46},[36,117992,51],{"class":50},[36,117994,485],{"class":54},[36,117996,58],{"class":50},[36,117998,1340],{"class":54},[36,118000,58],{"class":50},[36,118002,61],{"class":54},[36,118004,69],{"class":50},[36,118006,118007,118009,118011,118013,118015,118017],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,118008,142],{"class":141},[36,118010,145],{"class":50},[36,118012,74548],{"class":141},[36,118014,145],{"class":50},[36,118016,656],{"class":148},[36,118018,445],{"class":50},[14,118020,182],{},[26,118022,118023],{"className":28,"code":55189,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,118024,118025],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,118026,118027,118029,118031,118033,118035,118037,118039],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,118028,3941],{"class":50},[36,118030,55],{"class":54},[36,118032,58],{"class":50},[36,118034,61],{"class":54},[36,118036,58],{"class":50},[36,118038,66],{"class":54},[36,118040,1355],{"class":50},[376,118042,118043],{"id":61209},"String",[26,118045,118047],{"className":28,"code":118046,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[33,118048,118049,118061],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,118050,118051,118053,118055,118057,118059],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,118052,34722],{"class":42},[36,118054,47],{"class":46},[36,118056,99],{"class":87},[36,118058,30],{"class":91},[36,118060,3403],{"class":87},[36,118062,118063,118065,118067,118069,118071,118073],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,118064,142],{"class":141},[36,118066,145],{"class":50},[36,118068,74548],{"class":141},[36,118070,145],{"class":50},[36,118072,34743],{"class":148},[36,118074,445],{"class":50},[14,118076,182],{},[26,118078,118079],{"className":28,"code":79428,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,118080,118081],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,118082,118083,118085,118087,118089,118091,118093,118095,118097,118099,118101,118103,118105,118107,118109,118111,118113,118115,118117,118119,118121,118123,118125,118127,118129,118131],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,118084,3941],{"class":50},[36,118086,211],{"class":87},[36,118088,741],{"class":91},[36,118090,211],{"class":87},[36,118092,58],{"class":50},[36,118094,220],{"class":87},[36,118096,76064],{"class":91},[36,118098,211],{"class":87},[36,118100,58],{"class":50},[36,118102,220],{"class":87},[36,118104,768],{"class":91},[36,118106,211],{"class":87},[36,118108,58],{"class":50},[36,118110,220],{"class":87},[36,118112,14],{"class":91},[36,118114,211],{"class":87},[36,118116,58],{"class":50},[36,118118,220],{"class":87},[36,118120,63322],{"class":91},[36,118122,211],{"class":87},[36,118124,58],{"class":50},[36,118126,220],{"class":87},[36,118128,11775],{"class":91},[36,118130,211],{"class":87},[36,118132,1355],{"class":50},[376,118134,29258],{"id":15636},[14,118136,63575,118137,118139],{},[33,118138,74458],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[26,118141,118143],{"className":28,"code":118142,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[33,118144,118145,118197],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,118146,118147,118149,118151,118153,118155,118157,118159,118161,118163,118165,118167,118169,118171,118173,118175,118177,118179,118181,118183,118185,118187,118189,118191,118193,118195],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,118148,13237],{"class":42},[36,118150,47],{"class":46},[36,118152,51],{"class":50},[36,118154,88],{"class":87},[36,118156,1250],{"class":91},[36,118158,88],{"class":87},[36,118160,1213],{"class":50},[36,118162,99],{"class":87},[36,118164,12912],{"class":91},[36,118166,88],{"class":87},[36,118168,58],{"class":50},[36,118170,99],{"class":87},[36,118172,9331],{"class":91},[36,118174,88],{"class":87},[36,118176,1213],{"class":50},[36,118178,636],{"class":54},[36,118180,58],{"class":50},[36,118182,99],{"class":87},[36,118184,10439],{"class":91},[36,118186,88],{"class":87},[36,118188,1213],{"class":50},[36,118190,99],{"class":87},[36,118192,16060],{"class":91},[36,118194,88],{"class":87},[36,118196,69],{"class":50},[36,118198,118199,118201,118203,118205,118207,118209],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,118200,142],{"class":141},[36,118202,145],{"class":50},[36,118204,74548],{"class":141},[36,118206,145],{"class":50},[36,118208,17337],{"class":148},[36,118210,445],{"class":50},[14,118212,182],{},[26,118214,118216],{"className":28,"code":118215,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[33,118217,118218],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,118219,118220,118222,118224,118226,118228,118230,118232,118234,118236,118238,118240,118242,118244],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,118221,3941],{"class":50},[36,118223,211],{"class":87},[36,118225,9331],{"class":91},[36,118227,211],{"class":87},[36,118229,58],{"class":50},[36,118231,220],{"class":87},[36,118233,10439],{"class":91},[36,118235,211],{"class":87},[36,118237,58],{"class":50},[36,118239,220],{"class":87},[36,118241,1250],{"class":91},[36,118243,211],{"class":87},[36,118245,1355],{"class":50},[21,118247,1462,118249],{"id":118248},"using-reversetrue",[33,118250,78125],{},[14,118252,495,118253,118255],{},[33,118254,78125],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[26,118257,118259],{"className":28,"code":118258,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[33,118260,118261,118281,118285,118299],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,118262,118263,118265,118267,118269,118271,118273,118275,118277,118279],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,118264,43],{"class":42},[36,118266,47],{"class":46},[36,118268,1333],{"class":50},[36,118270,485],{"class":54},[36,118272,58],{"class":50},[36,118274,1340],{"class":54},[36,118276,58],{"class":50},[36,118278,61],{"class":54},[36,118280,1355],{"class":50},[36,118282,118283],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,118284,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,118286,118287,118289,118291,118293,118295,118297],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,118288,142],{"class":141},[36,118290,145],{"class":50},[36,118292,74548],{"class":141},[36,118294,145],{"class":50},[36,118296,149],{"class":148},[36,118298,445],{"class":50},[36,118300,118301,118303,118305,118307,118309,118311,118313,118315,118317,118319],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,118302,142],{"class":141},[36,118304,145],{"class":50},[36,118306,74548],{"class":141},[36,118308,145],{"class":50},[36,118310,149],{"class":148},[36,118312,58],{"class":50},[36,118314,78104],{"class":9210},[36,118316,47],{"class":46},[36,118318,3649],{"class":1143},[36,118320,445],{"class":50},[14,118322,182],{},[26,118324,118326],{"className":28,"code":118325,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[33,118327,118328,118344],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,118329,118330,118332,118334,118336,118338,118340,118342],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,118331,3941],{"class":50},[36,118333,55],{"class":54},[36,118335,58],{"class":50},[36,118337,61],{"class":54},[36,118339,58],{"class":50},[36,118341,66],{"class":54},[36,118343,1355],{"class":50},[36,118345,118346,118348,118350,118352,118354,118356,118358],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,118347,3941],{"class":50},[36,118349,485],{"class":54},[36,118351,58],{"class":50},[36,118353,61],{"class":54},[36,118355,58],{"class":50},[36,118357,1340],{"class":54},[36,118359,1355],{"class":50},[14,118361,118362],{},"This also works with strings:",[26,118364,118366],{"className":28,"code":118365,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[33,118367,118368,118400,118404,118418],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,118369,118370,118372,118374,118376,118378,118380,118382,118384,118386,118388,118390,118392,118394,118396,118398],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,118371,75],{"class":42},[36,118373,47],{"class":46},[36,118375,1333],{"class":50},[36,118377,88],{"class":87},[36,118379,92],{"class":91},[36,118381,88],{"class":87},[36,118383,58],{"class":50},[36,118385,99],{"class":87},[36,118387,102],{"class":91},[36,118389,88],{"class":87},[36,118391,58],{"class":50},[36,118393,99],{"class":87},[36,118395,4135],{"class":91},[36,118397,88],{"class":87},[36,118399,1355],{"class":50},[36,118401,118402],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,118403,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,118405,118406,118408,118410,118412,118414,118416],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,118407,142],{"class":141},[36,118409,145],{"class":50},[36,118411,74548],{"class":141},[36,118413,145],{"class":50},[36,118415,162],{"class":148},[36,118417,445],{"class":50},[36,118419,118420,118422,118424,118426,118428,118430,118432,118434,118436,118438],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,118421,142],{"class":141},[36,118423,145],{"class":50},[36,118425,74548],{"class":141},[36,118427,145],{"class":50},[36,118429,162],{"class":148},[36,118431,58],{"class":50},[36,118433,78104],{"class":9210},[36,118435,47],{"class":46},[36,118437,3649],{"class":1143},[36,118439,445],{"class":50},[14,118441,182],{},[26,118443,118444],{"className":28,"code":74192,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,118445,118446,118474],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,118447,118448,118450,118452,118454,118456,118458,118460,118462,118464,118466,118468,118470,118472],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,118449,3941],{"class":50},[36,118451,211],{"class":87},[36,118453,92],{"class":91},[36,118455,211],{"class":87},[36,118457,58],{"class":50},[36,118459,220],{"class":87},[36,118461,102],{"class":91},[36,118463,211],{"class":87},[36,118465,58],{"class":50},[36,118467,220],{"class":87},[36,118469,4135],{"class":91},[36,118471,211],{"class":87},[36,118473,1355],{"class":50},[36,118475,118476,118478,118480,118482,118484,118486,118488,118490,118492,118494,118496,118498,118500],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,118477,3941],{"class":50},[36,118479,211],{"class":87},[36,118481,4135],{"class":91},[36,118483,211],{"class":87},[36,118485,58],{"class":50},[36,118487,220],{"class":87},[36,118489,102],{"class":91},[36,118491,211],{"class":87},[36,118493,58],{"class":50},[36,118495,220],{"class":87},[36,118497,92],{"class":91},[36,118499,211],{"class":87},[36,118501,1355],{"class":50},[21,118503,1462,118505,118508],{"id":118504},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[33,118506,118507],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[14,118510,2026,118511,118513],{},[33,118512,118507],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[14,118515,118516],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[14,118518,118519],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[26,118521,118523],{"className":28,"code":118522,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[33,118524,118525,118565,118569,118591],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,118526,118527,118529,118531,118533,118535,118537,118539,118541,118543,118545,118547,118549,118551,118553,118555,118557,118559,118561,118563],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,118528,75],{"class":42},[36,118530,47],{"class":46},[36,118532,1333],{"class":50},[36,118534,88],{"class":87},[36,118536,78778],{"class":91},[36,118538,88],{"class":87},[36,118540,58],{"class":50},[36,118542,99],{"class":87},[36,118544,38394],{"class":91},[36,118546,88],{"class":87},[36,118548,58],{"class":50},[36,118550,99],{"class":87},[36,118552,102],{"class":91},[36,118554,88],{"class":87},[36,118556,58],{"class":50},[36,118558,99],{"class":87},[36,118560,38377],{"class":91},[36,118562,88],{"class":87},[36,118564,1355],{"class":50},[36,118566,118567],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,118568,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,118570,118571,118573,118575,118577,118579,118581,118583,118585,118587,118589],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,118572,2280],{"class":42},[36,118574,47],{"class":46},[36,118576,74592],{"class":141},[36,118578,145],{"class":50},[36,118580,162],{"class":148},[36,118582,58],{"class":50},[36,118584,21611],{"class":9210},[36,118586,47],{"class":46},[36,118588,438],{"class":141},[36,118590,152],{"class":50},[36,118592,118593,118595,118597,118599],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,118594,142],{"class":141},[36,118596,145],{"class":50},[36,118598,2315],{"class":148},[36,118600,152],{"class":50},[14,118602,182],{},[26,118604,118606],{"className":28,"code":118605,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[33,118607,118608],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,118609,118610,118612,118614,118616,118618,118620,118622,118624,118626,118628,118630,118632,118634,118636,118638,118640,118642],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,118611,3941],{"class":50},[36,118613,211],{"class":87},[36,118615,38394],{"class":91},[36,118617,211],{"class":87},[36,118619,58],{"class":50},[36,118621,220],{"class":87},[36,118623,78778],{"class":91},[36,118625,211],{"class":87},[36,118627,58],{"class":50},[36,118629,220],{"class":87},[36,118631,38377],{"class":91},[36,118633,211],{"class":87},[36,118635,58],{"class":50},[36,118637,220],{"class":87},[36,118639,102],{"class":91},[36,118641,211],{"class":87},[36,118643,1355],{"class":50},[14,118645,20803,118646,118648],{},[33,118647,438],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[14,118650,118651],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[26,118653,118655],{"className":28,"code":118654,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[33,118656,118657,118690,118694,118720],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,118658,118659,118661,118663,118665,118667,118669,118671,118673,118675,118677,118679,118681,118683,118686,118688],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,118660,75],{"class":42},[36,118662,47],{"class":46},[36,118664,1333],{"class":50},[36,118666,88],{"class":87},[36,118668,83397],{"class":91},[36,118670,88],{"class":87},[36,118672,58],{"class":50},[36,118674,99],{"class":87},[36,118676,92],{"class":91},[36,118678,88],{"class":87},[36,118680,58],{"class":50},[36,118682,99],{"class":87},[36,118684,118685],{"class":91},"Cherry",[36,118687,88],{"class":87},[36,118689,1355],{"class":50},[36,118691,118692],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,118693,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,118695,118696,118698,118700,118702,118704,118706,118708,118710,118712,118714,118716,118718],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,118697,2280],{"class":42},[36,118699,47],{"class":46},[36,118701,74592],{"class":141},[36,118703,145],{"class":50},[36,118705,162],{"class":148},[36,118707,58],{"class":50},[36,118709,21611],{"class":9210},[36,118711,47],{"class":46},[36,118713,3488],{"class":80},[36,118715,303],{"class":50},[36,118717,8677],{"class":24783},[36,118719,152],{"class":50},[36,118721,118722,118724,118726,118728],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,118723,142],{"class":141},[36,118725,145],{"class":50},[36,118727,2315],{"class":148},[36,118729,152],{"class":50},[14,118731,182],{},[26,118733,118735],{"className":28,"code":118734,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[33,118736,118737],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,118738,118739,118741,118743,118745,118747,118749,118751,118753,118755,118757,118759,118761,118763],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,118740,3941],{"class":50},[36,118742,211],{"class":87},[36,118744,92],{"class":91},[36,118746,211],{"class":87},[36,118748,58],{"class":50},[36,118750,220],{"class":87},[36,118752,83397],{"class":91},[36,118754,211],{"class":87},[36,118756,58],{"class":50},[36,118758,220],{"class":87},[36,118760,118685],{"class":91},[36,118762,211],{"class":87},[36,118764,1355],{"class":50},[14,118766,118767,118768,35365,118770,303],{},"You can learn more about ",[33,118769,42398],{},[294,118771,1935,118772,3554],{"href":42395},[33,118773,42398],{},[21,118775,118777,10615,118779],{"id":118776},"sorted-vs-listsort",[33,118778,74458],{},[33,118780,77901],{},[14,118782,118783],{},"The main difference is this:",[246,118785,118786,118791],{},[249,118787,118788,118790],{},[33,118789,74458],{}," returns a new list",[249,118792,118793,73996],{},[33,118794,77901],{},[14,118796,118797],{},"Also:",[246,118799,118800,118805],{},[249,118801,118802,118804],{},[33,118803,74458],{}," works with many iterables",[249,118806,118807,79334],{},[33,118808,77901],{},[14,118810,495,118811,10631],{},[33,118812,74458],{},[246,118814,118815,118818],{},[249,118816,118817],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[249,118819,118820],{},"your data is not a list",[14,118822,118823,118824,303],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[294,118825,1935,118826,10615,118828,5822],{"href":79159},[33,118827,74458],{},[33,118829,77901],{},[21,118831,118833],{"id":118832},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[14,118835,118836,118837,303],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[33,118838,74458],{},[376,118840,118842],{"id":118841},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[14,118844,118845,118846,1213],{},"This can raise a ",[33,118847,1210],{},[26,118849,118851],{"className":28,"code":118850,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[33,118852,118853,118877],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,118854,118855,118857,118859,118861,118863,118865,118867,118869,118871,118873,118875],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,118856,621],{"class":42},[36,118858,47],{"class":46},[36,118860,1333],{"class":50},[36,118862,55],{"class":54},[36,118864,58],{"class":50},[36,118866,99],{"class":87},[36,118868,481],{"class":91},[36,118870,88],{"class":87},[36,118872,58],{"class":50},[36,118874,66],{"class":54},[36,118876,1355],{"class":50},[36,118878,118879,118881,118883,118885,118887,118889],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,118880,142],{"class":141},[36,118882,145],{"class":50},[36,118884,74548],{"class":141},[36,118886,145],{"class":50},[36,118888,656],{"class":148},[36,118890,445],{"class":50},[14,118892,118893],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[376,118895,118897,118898,2354],{"id":118896},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[33,118899,14874],{},[14,118901,118902],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[14,118904,2257],{},[26,118906,118908],{"className":28,"code":118907,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[33,118909,118910,118930],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,118911,118912,118914,118916,118918,118920,118922,118924,118926,118928],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,118913,43],{"class":42},[36,118915,47],{"class":46},[36,118917,1333],{"class":50},[36,118919,631],{"class":54},[36,118921,58],{"class":50},[36,118923,61],{"class":54},[36,118925,58],{"class":50},[36,118927,645],{"class":54},[36,118929,1355],{"class":50},[36,118931,118932,118934,118936,118938,118940,118942,118944,118946,118948,118950],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,118933,142],{"class":141},[36,118935,145],{"class":50},[36,118937,74548],{"class":141},[36,118939,145],{"class":50},[36,118941,149],{"class":148},[36,118943,58],{"class":50},[36,118945,21611],{"class":9210},[36,118947,47],{"class":46},[36,118949,438],{"class":141},[36,118951,445],{"class":50},[14,118953,48548,118954,118956],{},[33,118955,42398],{}," does not work on integers.",[376,118958,118960],{"id":118959},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[14,118962,118963],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[26,118965,118967],{"className":28,"code":118966,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,118968,118969,118989,118999,119003],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,118970,118971,118973,118975,118977,118979,118981,118983,118985,118987],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,118972,43],{"class":42},[36,118974,47],{"class":46},[36,118976,1333],{"class":50},[36,118978,485],{"class":54},[36,118980,58],{"class":50},[36,118982,1340],{"class":54},[36,118984,58],{"class":50},[36,118986,61],{"class":54},[36,118988,1355],{"class":50},[36,118990,118991,118993,118995,118997],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,118992,74548],{"class":141},[36,118994,145],{"class":50},[36,118996,149],{"class":148},[36,118998,152],{"class":50},[36,119000,119001],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,119002,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,119004,119005,119007,119009,119011],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,119006,142],{"class":141},[36,119008,145],{"class":50},[36,119010,149],{"class":148},[36,119012,152],{"class":50},[14,119014,182],{},[26,119016,119018],{"className":28,"code":119017,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[33,119019,119020],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,119021,119022,119024,119026,119028,119030,119032,119034],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,119023,3941],{"class":50},[36,119025,485],{"class":54},[36,119027,58],{"class":50},[36,119029,1340],{"class":54},[36,119031,58],{"class":50},[36,119033,61],{"class":54},[36,119035,1355],{"class":50},[14,119037,119038],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[21,119040,1455],{"id":1454},[246,119042,119043,119047,119050,119055,119059],{},[249,119044,4618,119045,73996],{},[33,119046,74458],{},[249,119048,119049],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[249,119051,4743,119052,119054],{},[33,119053,74458],{}," always returns a list",[249,119056,1462,119057,23136],{},[33,119058,118507],{},[249,119060,29685,119061,119063,119064],{},[33,119062,64347],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[33,119065,74458],{},[14,119067,119068],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[26,119070,119072],{"className":28,"code":119071,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[33,119073,119074,119096,119122,119160],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,119075,119076,119078,119080,119082,119084,119086,119088,119090,119092,119094],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,119077,142],{"class":141},[36,119079,145],{"class":50},[36,119081,74548],{"class":141},[36,119083,84],{"class":50},[36,119085,485],{"class":54},[36,119087,58],{"class":50},[36,119089,1340],{"class":54},[36,119091,58],{"class":50},[36,119093,61],{"class":54},[36,119095,3047],{"class":50},[36,119097,119098,119100,119102,119104,119106,119108,119110,119112,119114,119116,119118,119120],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,119099,142],{"class":141},[36,119101,145],{"class":50},[36,119103,818],{"class":80},[36,119105,145],{"class":50},[36,119107,74548],{"class":141},[36,119109,628],{"class":50},[36,119111,485],{"class":54},[36,119113,58],{"class":50},[36,119115,1340],{"class":54},[36,119117,58],{"class":50},[36,119119,61],{"class":54},[36,119121,93399],{"class":50},[36,119123,119124,119126,119128,119130,119132,119134,119136,119138,119140,119142,119144,119146,119148,119150,119152,119154,119156,119158],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,119125,142],{"class":141},[36,119127,145],{"class":50},[36,119129,74548],{"class":141},[36,119131,84],{"class":50},[36,119133,211],{"class":87},[36,119135,83397],{"class":91},[36,119137,211],{"class":87},[36,119139,58],{"class":50},[36,119141,220],{"class":87},[36,119143,92],{"class":91},[36,119145,211],{"class":87},[36,119147,18093],{"class":50},[36,119149,21611],{"class":9210},[36,119151,47],{"class":46},[36,119153,3488],{"class":80},[36,119155,303],{"class":50},[36,119157,8677],{"class":24783},[36,119159,445],{"class":50},[36,119161,119162,119164,119166,119168,119170,119172,119174,119176,119178,119180,119182,119184,119186,119188],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,119163,142],{"class":141},[36,119165,145],{"class":50},[36,119167,74548],{"class":141},[36,119169,84],{"class":50},[36,119171,485],{"class":54},[36,119173,58],{"class":50},[36,119175,1340],{"class":54},[36,119177,58],{"class":50},[36,119179,61],{"class":54},[36,119181,18093],{"class":50},[36,119183,78104],{"class":9210},[36,119185,47],{"class":46},[36,119187,3649],{"class":1143},[36,119189,445],{"class":50},[14,119191,119192,119193,303],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[294,119194,52810],{"href":51018},[21,119196,1872],{"id":1871},[376,119198,12735,119200,57201],{"id":119199},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[33,119201,74458],{},[14,119203,119204],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[376,119206,5182,119208,12747],{"id":119207},"what-does-sorted-return",[33,119209,74458],{},[14,119211,119212],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[376,119214,119216,119217,11122,119219,2541],{"id":119215},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[33,119218,74458],{},[33,119220,77901],{},[14,119222,495,119223,119225],{},[33,119224,74458],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[376,119227,5182,119229,86485,119231,2541],{"id":119228},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[33,119230,118507],{},[33,119232,74458],{},[14,119234,119235],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[376,119237,5198,119239,119241,119242,2541],{"id":119238},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[33,119240,74458],{}," give a ",[33,119243,1210],{},[14,119245,119246],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[21,119248,1923],{"id":1922},[246,119250,119251,119255,119263,119267,119273,119279],{},[249,119252,119253],{},[294,119254,79907],{"href":78410},[249,119256,119257],{},[294,119258,1935,119259,10615,119261,5822],{"href":79159},[33,119260,74458],{},[33,119262,77901],{},[249,119264,119265],{},[294,119266,52810],{"href":51018},[249,119268,119269],{},[294,119270,1935,119271,3554],{"href":42395},[33,119272,42398],{},[249,119274,119275],{},[294,119276,1935,119277,3554],{"href":92057},[33,119278,35785],{},[249,119280,119281],{},[294,119282,1935,119283,3554],{"href":36230},[33,119284,517],{},[1962,119286,119287],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":119289},[119290,119291,119293,119296,119297,119304,119306,119308,119310,119316,119317,119329],{"id":23,"depth":72,"text":24},{"id":117570,"depth":72,"text":119292},"What sorted() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205,"children":119294},[119295],{"id":17424,"depth":118,"text":17425},{"id":11504,"depth":72,"text":11505},{"id":117809,"depth":72,"text":117810,"children":119298},[119299,119300,119301,119302,119303],{"id":1225,"depth":118,"text":117818},{"id":48991,"depth":118,"text":117882},{"id":231,"depth":118,"text":117979},{"id":61209,"depth":118,"text":118043},{"id":15636,"depth":118,"text":29258},{"id":118248,"depth":72,"text":119305},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118504,"depth":72,"text":119307},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118776,"depth":72,"text":119309},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118832,"depth":72,"text":118833,"children":119311},[119312,119313,119315],{"id":118841,"depth":118,"text":118842},{"id":118896,"depth":118,"text":119314},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118959,"depth":118,"text":118960},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":119318},[119319,119321,119323,119325,119327],{"id":119199,"depth":118,"text":119320},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119207,"depth":118,"text":119322},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119215,"depth":118,"text":119324},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119228,"depth":118,"text":119326},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119238,"depth":118,"text":119328},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117472,"description":119330},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119337,"title":119338,"body":119339,"description":121450,"extension":2009,"meta":121451,"navigation":134,"path":79159,"seo":121452,"stem":121453,"__hash__":121454},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119340,"toc":121397},[119341,119348,119351,119361,119367,119370,119388,119396,119398,119457,119465,119469,119491,119495,119499,119501,119518,119520,119532,119538,119622,119626,119673,119679,119686,119690,119695,119697,119709,119714,119767,119771,119791,119798,119805,119809,119812,119831,119835,119949,119953,120023,120025,120037,120042,120046,120059,120063,120138,120142,120181,120188,120194,120199,120203,120217,120221,120286,120290,120323,120326,120331,120339,120346,120359,120362,120366,120449,120453,120490,120494,120597,120601,120662,120667,120674,120678,120681,120687,120690,120757,120761,120785,120787,120805,120812,120865,120869,120889,120895,120897,120954,120961,120987,120992,120997,121005,121011,121071,121075,121122,121125,121127,121130,121156,121159,121252,121254,121274,121278,121281,121299,121305,121307,121315,121320,121327,121330,121336,121339,121345,121353,121361,121366,121368,121394],[10,119342,1935,119344,10615,119346,93113],{"id":119343},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[33,119345,74458],{},[33,119347,77901],{},[14,119349,119350],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[246,119352,119353,119357],{},[249,119354,119355],{},[33,119356,74458],{},[249,119358,119359],{},[33,119360,77901],{},[14,119362,119363,119364,119366],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[180,119365,870],{}," behave the same way.",[14,119368,119369],{},"The main difference is simple:",[246,119371,119372,119380],{},[249,119373,495,119374,119376,119377],{},[33,119375,74458],{}," when you want a ",[180,119378,119379],{},"new sorted result",[249,119381,495,119382,119384,119385],{},[33,119383,77901],{}," when you want to ",[180,119386,119387],{},"change the original list",[14,119389,119390,119391,2448,119393,119395],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[33,119392,77901],{},[33,119394,3822],{}," and causes confusion.",[21,119397,24],{"id":23},[26,119399,119401],{"className":28,"code":119400,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[33,119402,119403,119423,119427,119444],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,119404,119405,119407,119409,119411,119413,119415,119417,119419,119421],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,119406,43],{"class":42},[36,119408,47],{"class":46},[36,119410,1333],{"class":50},[36,119412,485],{"class":54},[36,119414,58],{"class":50},[36,119416,1340],{"class":54},[36,119418,58],{"class":50},[36,119420,61],{"class":54},[36,119422,1355],{"class":50},[36,119424,119425],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,119426,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,119428,119429,119431,119433,119435,119437,119439,119441],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,119430,55929],{"class":42},[36,119432,47],{"class":46},[36,119434,74592],{"class":141},[36,119436,145],{"class":50},[36,119438,149],{"class":148},[36,119440,3703],{"class":50},[36,119442,119443],{"class":1617},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[36,119445,119446,119448,119450,119452,119454],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,119447,149],{"class":42},[36,119449,303],{"class":50},[36,119451,34834],{"class":148},[36,119453,7405],{"class":50},[36,119455,119456],{"class":1617},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[14,119458,495,119459,119461,119462,119464],{},[33,119460,74458],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[33,119463,77901],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[21,119466,119468],{"id":119467},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[246,119470,119471,119476,119481,119488],{},[249,119472,495,119473,119475],{},[33,119474,74458],{}," to get a new sorted list",[249,119477,495,119478,119480],{},[33,119479,77901],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[249,119482,119483,119484,2448,119486],{},"Understand why ",[33,119485,77901],{},[33,119487,3822],{},[249,119489,119490],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[21,119492,3720,119493,3723],{"id":117570},[33,119494,74458],{},[14,119496,119497,62961],{},[33,119498,74458],{},[14,119500,48965],{},[246,119502,119503,119509,119515],{},[249,119504,119505,119506],{},"returns a ",[180,119507,119508],{},"new list",[249,119510,119511,119512,119514],{},"does ",[180,119513,870],{}," change the original data",[249,119516,119517],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[14,119519,51172],{},[246,119521,119522,119524,119526,119528,119530],{},[249,119523,5341],{},[249,119525,5344],{},[249,119527,5350],{},[249,119529,5347],{},[249,119531,35946],{},[376,119533,35113,119535,119537],{"id":119534},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[33,119536,74458],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[26,119539,119541],{"className":28,"code":119540,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[33,119542,119543,119563,119567,119581,119585,119603],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,119544,119545,119547,119549,119551,119553,119555,119557,119559,119561],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,119546,43],{"class":42},[36,119548,47],{"class":46},[36,119550,1333],{"class":50},[36,119552,485],{"class":54},[36,119554,58],{"class":50},[36,119556,1340],{"class":54},[36,119558,58],{"class":50},[36,119560,61],{"class":54},[36,119562,1355],{"class":50},[36,119564,119565],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,119566,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,119568,119569,119571,119573,119575,119577,119579],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,119570,2280],{"class":42},[36,119572,47],{"class":46},[36,119574,74592],{"class":141},[36,119576,145],{"class":50},[36,119578,149],{"class":148},[36,119580,152],{"class":50},[36,119582,119583],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,119584,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,119586,119587,119589,119591,119593,119595,119597,119599,119601],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,119588,142],{"class":141},[36,119590,145],{"class":50},[36,119592,88],{"class":87},[36,119594,12184],{"class":91},[36,119596,88],{"class":87},[36,119598,58],{"class":50},[36,119600,4301],{"class":148},[36,119602,152],{"class":50},[36,119604,119605,119607,119609,119611,119614,119616,119618,119620],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,119606,142],{"class":141},[36,119608,145],{"class":50},[36,119610,88],{"class":87},[36,119612,119613],{"class":91},"sorted result:",[36,119615,88],{"class":87},[36,119617,58],{"class":50},[36,119619,81251],{"class":148},[36,119621,152],{"class":50},[14,119623,119624],{},[180,119625,182],{},[26,119627,119629],{"className":28,"code":119628,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[33,119630,119631,119651],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,119632,119633,119635,119637,119639,119641,119643,119645,119647,119649],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,119634,12163],{"class":42},[36,119636,1213],{"class":50},[36,119638,1333],{"class":50},[36,119640,485],{"class":54},[36,119642,58],{"class":50},[36,119644,1340],{"class":54},[36,119646,58],{"class":50},[36,119648,61],{"class":54},[36,119650,1355],{"class":50},[36,119652,119653,119655,119657,119659,119661,119663,119665,119667,119669,119671],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,119654,74548],{"class":141},[36,119656,81251],{"class":42},[36,119658,1213],{"class":50},[36,119660,1333],{"class":50},[36,119662,55],{"class":54},[36,119664,58],{"class":50},[36,119666,61],{"class":54},[36,119668,58],{"class":50},[36,119670,66],{"class":54},[36,119672,1355],{"class":50},[14,119674,119675,119676,119678],{},"The important part is that ",[33,119677,149],{}," stays the same.",[14,119680,119681,119682,303],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[294,119683,1935,119684,3554],{"href":74555},[33,119685,74458],{},[21,119687,3720,119688,3723],{"id":77967},[33,119689,77901],{},[14,119691,119692,119694],{},[33,119693,64347],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[14,119696,48965],{},[246,119698,119699,119702,119705],{},[249,119700,119701],{},"changes the original list directly",[249,119703,119704],{},"only works on lists",[249,119706,3735,119707],{},[33,119708,3822],{},[376,119710,35113,119712,73996],{"id":119711},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[33,119713,77901],{},[26,119715,119717],{"className":28,"code":119716,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,119718,119719,119739,119743,119753,119757],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,119720,119721,119723,119725,119727,119729,119731,119733,119735,119737],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,119722,43],{"class":42},[36,119724,47],{"class":46},[36,119726,1333],{"class":50},[36,119728,485],{"class":54},[36,119730,58],{"class":50},[36,119732,1340],{"class":54},[36,119734,58],{"class":50},[36,119736,61],{"class":54},[36,119738,1355],{"class":50},[36,119740,119741],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,119742,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,119744,119745,119747,119749,119751],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,119746,149],{"class":42},[36,119748,303],{"class":50},[36,119750,34834],{"class":148},[36,119752,128],{"class":50},[36,119754,119755],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,119756,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,119758,119759,119761,119763,119765],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,119760,142],{"class":141},[36,119762,145],{"class":50},[36,119764,149],{"class":148},[36,119766,152],{"class":50},[14,119768,119769],{},[180,119770,182],{},[26,119772,119773],{"className":28,"code":55189,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,119774,119775],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,119776,119777,119779,119781,119783,119785,119787,119789],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,119778,3941],{"class":50},[36,119780,55],{"class":54},[36,119782,58],{"class":50},[36,119784,61],{"class":54},[36,119786,58],{"class":50},[36,119788,66],{"class":54},[36,119790,1355],{"class":50},[14,119792,119793,119794,119797],{},"After calling ",[33,119795,119796],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[14,119799,119800,119801,303],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[294,119802,1935,119803,1939],{"href":74809},[33,119804,77901],{},[21,119806,119808],{"id":119807},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[14,119810,119811],{},"Here is the core difference:",[246,119813,119814,119823],{},[249,119815,119816,119819,119820],{},[33,119817,119818],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[180,119821,119822],{},"new sorted list",[249,119824,119825,119828,119829,74366],{},[33,119826,119827],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[33,119830,8375],{},[376,119832,119834],{"id":119833},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[26,119836,119838],{"className":28,"code":119837,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[33,119839,119840,119860,119864,119878,119897,119916,119920,119930],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,119841,119842,119844,119846,119848,119850,119852,119854,119856,119858],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,119843,43],{"class":42},[36,119845,47],{"class":46},[36,119847,1333],{"class":50},[36,119849,2183],{"class":54},[36,119851,58],{"class":50},[36,119853,61],{"class":54},[36,119855,58],{"class":50},[36,119857,559],{"class":54},[36,119859,1355],{"class":50},[36,119861,119862],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,119863,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,119865,119866,119868,119870,119872,119874,119876],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,119867,2604],{"class":42},[36,119869,47],{"class":46},[36,119871,74592],{"class":141},[36,119873,145],{"class":50},[36,119875,149],{"class":148},[36,119877,152],{"class":50},[36,119879,119880,119882,119884,119886,119889,119891,119893,119895],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,119881,142],{"class":141},[36,119883,145],{"class":50},[36,119885,88],{"class":87},[36,119887,119888],{"class":91},"numbers after sorted():",[36,119890,88],{"class":87},[36,119892,58],{"class":50},[36,119894,4301],{"class":148},[36,119896,152],{"class":50},[36,119898,119899,119901,119903,119905,119908,119910,119912,119914],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,119900,142],{"class":141},[36,119902,145],{"class":50},[36,119904,88],{"class":87},[36,119906,119907],{"class":91},"a:",[36,119909,88],{"class":87},[36,119911,58],{"class":50},[36,119913,56925],{"class":148},[36,119915,152],{"class":50},[36,119917,119918],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,119919,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,119921,119922,119924,119926,119928],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,119923,149],{"class":42},[36,119925,303],{"class":50},[36,119927,34834],{"class":148},[36,119929,128],{"class":50},[36,119931,119932,119934,119936,119938,119941,119943,119945,119947],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,119933,142],{"class":141},[36,119935,145],{"class":50},[36,119937,88],{"class":87},[36,119939,119940],{"class":91},"numbers after sort():",[36,119942,88],{"class":87},[36,119944,58],{"class":50},[36,119946,4301],{"class":148},[36,119948,152],{"class":50},[14,119950,119951],{},[180,119952,182],{},[26,119954,119956],{"className":28,"code":119955,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[33,119957,119958,119981,120001],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,119959,119960,119963,119965,119967,119969,119971,119973,119975,119977,119979],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,119961,119962],{"class":42},"numbers after ",[36,119964,74548],{"class":141},[36,119966,29619],{"class":50},[36,119968,1333],{"class":50},[36,119970,2183],{"class":54},[36,119972,58],{"class":50},[36,119974,61],{"class":54},[36,119976,58],{"class":50},[36,119978,559],{"class":54},[36,119980,1355],{"class":50},[36,119982,119983,119985,119987,119989,119991,119993,119995,119997,119999],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,119984,294],{"class":42},[36,119986,1213],{"class":50},[36,119988,1333],{"class":50},[36,119990,481],{"class":54},[36,119992,58],{"class":50},[36,119994,559],{"class":54},[36,119996,58],{"class":50},[36,119998,4644],{"class":54},[36,120000,1355],{"class":50},[36,120002,120003,120005,120007,120009,120011,120013,120015,120017,120019,120021],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,120004,119962],{"class":42},[36,120006,34834],{"class":148},[36,120008,29619],{"class":50},[36,120010,1333],{"class":50},[36,120012,481],{"class":54},[36,120014,58],{"class":50},[36,120016,559],{"class":54},[36,120018,58],{"class":50},[36,120020,4644],{"class":54},[36,120022,1355],{"class":50},[14,120024,10743],{},[246,120026,120027,120032],{},[249,120028,120029,120031],{},[33,120030,74458],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[249,120033,120034,120036],{},[33,120035,64347],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[21,120038,5000,120040],{"id":120039},"when-to-use-sorted",[33,120041,74458],{},[14,120043,495,120044,10631],{},[33,120045,74458],{},[246,120047,120048,120051,120053,120056],{},[249,120049,120050],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[249,120052,118820],{},[249,120054,120055],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[249,120057,120058],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[376,120060,120062],{"id":120061},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[26,120064,120066],{"className":28,"code":120065,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[33,120067,120068,120092,120096,120110,120114,120124],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,120069,120070,120072,120074,120076,120078,120080,120082,120084,120086,120088,120090],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,120071,43],{"class":42},[36,120073,47],{"class":46},[36,120075,1131],{"class":50},[36,120077,2554],{"class":54},[36,120079,58],{"class":50},[36,120081,1340],{"class":54},[36,120083,58],{"class":50},[36,120085,66],{"class":54},[36,120087,58],{"class":50},[36,120089,61],{"class":54},[36,120091,152],{"class":50},[36,120093,120094],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,120095,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,120097,120098,120100,120102,120104,120106,120108],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,120099,2280],{"class":42},[36,120101,47],{"class":46},[36,120103,74592],{"class":141},[36,120105,145],{"class":50},[36,120107,149],{"class":148},[36,120109,152],{"class":50},[36,120111,120112],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,120113,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,120115,120116,120118,120120,120122],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,120117,142],{"class":141},[36,120119,145],{"class":50},[36,120121,2315],{"class":148},[36,120123,152],{"class":50},[36,120125,120126,120128,120130,120132,120134,120136],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,120127,142],{"class":141},[36,120129,145],{"class":50},[36,120131,818],{"class":80},[36,120133,145],{"class":50},[36,120135,2315],{"class":148},[36,120137,445],{"class":50},[14,120139,120140],{},[180,120141,182],{},[26,120143,120145],{"className":28,"code":120144,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[33,120146,120147,120167],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,120148,120149,120151,120153,120155,120157,120159,120161,120163,120165],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,120150,3941],{"class":50},[36,120152,55],{"class":54},[36,120154,58],{"class":50},[36,120156,61],{"class":54},[36,120158,58],{"class":50},[36,120160,66],{"class":54},[36,120162,58],{"class":50},[36,120164,559],{"class":54},[36,120166,1355],{"class":50},[36,120168,120169,120171,120173,120175,120177,120179],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,120170,844],{"class":46},[36,120172,848],{"class":847},[36,120174,220],{"class":87},[36,120176,1225],{"class":91},[36,120178,211],{"class":87},[36,120180,857],{"class":46},[14,120182,2337,120183,120185,120186,303],{},[33,120184,74458],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[180,120187,1225],{},[14,120189,120190,120191,120193],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[294,120192,52810],{"href":51018}," is a helpful next step.",[21,120195,5000,120197],{"id":120196},"when-to-use-listsort",[33,120198,77901],{},[14,120200,495,120201,10631],{},[33,120202,77901],{},[246,120204,120205,120208,120211,120214],{},[249,120206,120207],{},"you already have a list",[249,120209,120210],{},"you want to update that list directly",[249,120212,120213],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[249,120215,120216],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[376,120218,120220],{"id":120219},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[26,120222,120224],{"className":28,"code":120223,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[33,120225,120226,120258,120262,120272,120276],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,120227,120228,120230,120232,120234,120236,120238,120240,120242,120244,120246,120248,120250,120252,120254,120256],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,120229,5034],{"class":42},[36,120231,47],{"class":46},[36,120233,1333],{"class":50},[36,120235,88],{"class":87},[36,120237,5061],{"class":91},[36,120239,88],{"class":87},[36,120241,58],{"class":50},[36,120243,99],{"class":87},[36,120245,5043],{"class":91},[36,120247,88],{"class":87},[36,120249,58],{"class":50},[36,120251,99],{"class":87},[36,120253,5052],{"class":91},[36,120255,88],{"class":87},[36,120257,1355],{"class":50},[36,120259,120260],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,120261,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,120263,120264,120266,120268,120270],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,120265,5078],{"class":42},[36,120267,303],{"class":50},[36,120269,34834],{"class":148},[36,120271,128],{"class":50},[36,120273,120274],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,120275,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,120277,120278,120280,120282,120284],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,120279,142],{"class":141},[36,120281,145],{"class":50},[36,120283,5078],{"class":148},[36,120285,152],{"class":50},[14,120287,120288],{},[180,120289,182],{},[26,120291,120293],{"className":28,"code":120292,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[33,120294,120295],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,120296,120297,120299,120301,120303,120305,120307,120309,120311,120313,120315,120317,120319,120321],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,120298,3941],{"class":50},[36,120300,211],{"class":87},[36,120302,5043],{"class":91},[36,120304,211],{"class":87},[36,120306,58],{"class":50},[36,120308,220],{"class":87},[36,120310,5052],{"class":91},[36,120312,211],{"class":87},[36,120314,58],{"class":50},[36,120316,220],{"class":87},[36,120318,5061],{"class":91},[36,120320,211],{"class":87},[36,120322,1355],{"class":50},[14,120324,120325],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[14,120327,120328,120329,303],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[294,120330,79907],{"href":78410},[21,120332,120334,482,120336,120338],{"id":120333},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[33,120335,73611],{},[33,120337,14874],{}," work with both",[14,120340,10620,120341,482,120343,120345],{},[33,120342,74458],{},[33,120344,77901],{}," support:",[246,120347,120348,120353],{},[249,120349,120350,120352],{},[33,120351,78125],{}," for descending order",[249,120354,120355,120358],{},[33,120356,120357],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[14,120360,120361],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[376,120363,120365],{"id":120364},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[26,120367,120369],{"className":28,"code":120368,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,120370,120371,120391,120395,120417,120421,120439],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,120372,120373,120375,120377,120379,120381,120383,120385,120387,120389],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,120374,43],{"class":42},[36,120376,47],{"class":46},[36,120378,1333],{"class":50},[36,120380,485],{"class":54},[36,120382,58],{"class":50},[36,120384,1340],{"class":54},[36,120386,58],{"class":50},[36,120388,61],{"class":54},[36,120390,1355],{"class":50},[36,120392,120393],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,120394,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,120396,120397,120399,120401,120403,120405,120407,120409,120411,120413,120415],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,120398,142],{"class":141},[36,120400,145],{"class":50},[36,120402,74548],{"class":141},[36,120404,145],{"class":50},[36,120406,149],{"class":148},[36,120408,58],{"class":50},[36,120410,78104],{"class":9210},[36,120412,47],{"class":46},[36,120414,3649],{"class":1143},[36,120416,445],{"class":50},[36,120418,120419],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,120420,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,120422,120423,120425,120427,120429,120431,120433,120435,120437],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,120424,149],{"class":42},[36,120426,303],{"class":50},[36,120428,34834],{"class":148},[36,120430,145],{"class":50},[36,120432,73611],{"class":9210},[36,120434,47],{"class":46},[36,120436,3649],{"class":1143},[36,120438,152],{"class":50},[36,120440,120441,120443,120445,120447],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,120442,142],{"class":141},[36,120444,145],{"class":50},[36,120446,149],{"class":148},[36,120448,152],{"class":50},[14,120450,120451],{},[180,120452,182],{},[26,120454,120456],{"className":28,"code":120455,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[33,120457,120458,120474],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,120459,120460,120462,120464,120466,120468,120470,120472],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,120461,3941],{"class":50},[36,120463,485],{"class":54},[36,120465,58],{"class":50},[36,120467,61],{"class":54},[36,120469,58],{"class":50},[36,120471,1340],{"class":54},[36,120473,1355],{"class":50},[36,120475,120476,120478,120480,120482,120484,120486,120488],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,120477,3941],{"class":50},[36,120479,485],{"class":54},[36,120481,58],{"class":50},[36,120483,61],{"class":54},[36,120485,58],{"class":50},[36,120487,1340],{"class":54},[36,120489,1355],{"class":50},[376,120491,120493],{"id":120492},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[26,120495,120497],{"className":28,"code":120496,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[33,120498,120499,120531,120535,120561,120565,120587],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,120500,120501,120503,120505,120507,120509,120511,120513,120515,120517,120519,120521,120523,120525,120527,120529],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,120502,75],{"class":42},[36,120504,47],{"class":46},[36,120506,1333],{"class":50},[36,120508,88],{"class":87},[36,120510,83397],{"class":91},[36,120512,88],{"class":87},[36,120514,58],{"class":50},[36,120516,99],{"class":87},[36,120518,92],{"class":91},[36,120520,88],{"class":87},[36,120522,58],{"class":50},[36,120524,99],{"class":87},[36,120526,118685],{"class":91},[36,120528,88],{"class":87},[36,120530,1355],{"class":50},[36,120532,120533],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,120534,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,120536,120537,120539,120541,120543,120545,120547,120549,120551,120553,120555,120557,120559],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,120538,142],{"class":141},[36,120540,145],{"class":50},[36,120542,74548],{"class":141},[36,120544,145],{"class":50},[36,120546,162],{"class":148},[36,120548,58],{"class":50},[36,120550,21611],{"class":9210},[36,120552,47],{"class":46},[36,120554,3488],{"class":80},[36,120556,303],{"class":50},[36,120558,8677],{"class":24783},[36,120560,445],{"class":50},[36,120562,120563],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,120564,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,120566,120567,120569,120571,120573,120575,120577,120579,120581,120583,120585],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,120568,162],{"class":42},[36,120570,303],{"class":50},[36,120572,34834],{"class":148},[36,120574,145],{"class":50},[36,120576,14874],{"class":9210},[36,120578,47],{"class":46},[36,120580,3488],{"class":80},[36,120582,303],{"class":50},[36,120584,8677],{"class":24783},[36,120586,152],{"class":50},[36,120588,120589,120591,120593,120595],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,120590,142],{"class":141},[36,120592,145],{"class":50},[36,120594,162],{"class":148},[36,120596,152],{"class":50},[14,120598,120599],{},[180,120600,182],{},[26,120602,120604],{"className":28,"code":120603,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[33,120605,120606,120634],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,120607,120608,120610,120612,120614,120616,120618,120620,120622,120624,120626,120628,120630,120632],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,120609,3941],{"class":50},[36,120611,211],{"class":87},[36,120613,92],{"class":91},[36,120615,211],{"class":87},[36,120617,58],{"class":50},[36,120619,220],{"class":87},[36,120621,83397],{"class":91},[36,120623,211],{"class":87},[36,120625,58],{"class":50},[36,120627,220],{"class":87},[36,120629,118685],{"class":91},[36,120631,211],{"class":87},[36,120633,1355],{"class":50},[36,120635,120636,120638,120640,120642,120644,120646,120648,120650,120652,120654,120656,120658,120660],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,120637,3941],{"class":50},[36,120639,211],{"class":87},[36,120641,92],{"class":91},[36,120643,211],{"class":87},[36,120645,58],{"class":50},[36,120647,220],{"class":87},[36,120649,83397],{"class":91},[36,120651,211],{"class":87},[36,120653,58],{"class":50},[36,120655,220],{"class":87},[36,120657,118685],{"class":91},[36,120659,211],{"class":87},[36,120661,1355],{"class":50},[14,120663,1462,120664,120666],{},[33,120665,78619],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[14,120668,120669,120670,303],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[294,120671,120673],{"href":120672},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[21,120675,120677],{"id":120676},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[14,120679,120680],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[376,120682,120684,120685,12628],{"id":120683},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[33,120686,77901],{},[14,120688,120689],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[26,120691,120693],{"className":28,"code":120692,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,120694,120695,120715,120719,120733,120737,120747],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,120696,120697,120699,120701,120703,120705,120707,120709,120711,120713],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,120698,43],{"class":42},[36,120700,47],{"class":46},[36,120702,1333],{"class":50},[36,120704,485],{"class":54},[36,120706,58],{"class":50},[36,120708,1340],{"class":54},[36,120710,58],{"class":50},[36,120712,61],{"class":54},[36,120714,1355],{"class":50},[36,120716,120717],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,120718,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,120720,120721,120723,120725,120727,120729,120731],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,120722,2280],{"class":42},[36,120724,47],{"class":46},[36,120726,4301],{"class":42},[36,120728,303],{"class":50},[36,120730,34834],{"class":148},[36,120732,128],{"class":50},[36,120734,120735],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,120736,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,120738,120739,120741,120743,120745],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,120740,142],{"class":141},[36,120742,145],{"class":50},[36,120744,2315],{"class":148},[36,120746,152],{"class":50},[36,120748,120749,120751,120753,120755],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,120750,142],{"class":141},[36,120752,145],{"class":50},[36,120754,149],{"class":148},[36,120756,152],{"class":50},[14,120758,120759],{},[180,120760,182],{},[26,120762,120763],{"className":28,"code":79242,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,120764,120765,120769],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,120766,120767],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,120768,11838],{"class":1143},[36,120770,120771,120773,120775,120777,120779,120781,120783],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,120772,3941],{"class":50},[36,120774,55],{"class":54},[36,120776,58],{"class":50},[36,120778,61],{"class":54},[36,120780,58],{"class":50},[36,120782,66],{"class":54},[36,120784,1355],{"class":50},[14,120786,11930],{},[246,120788,120789,120794,120799],{},[249,120790,120791,120793],{},[33,120792,119796],{}," sorts the list in place",[249,120795,35050,120796,120798],{},[180,120797,870],{}," return the sorted list",[249,120800,90021,120801,42192,120803],{},[33,120802,2315],{},[33,120804,3822],{},[376,120806,120808,120809,120811],{"id":120807},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[33,120810,74458],{}," to change the original list",[26,120813,120815],{"className":28,"code":120814,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,120816,120817,120837,120841,120851,120855],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,120818,120819,120821,120823,120825,120827,120829,120831,120833,120835],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,120820,43],{"class":42},[36,120822,47],{"class":46},[36,120824,1333],{"class":50},[36,120826,485],{"class":54},[36,120828,58],{"class":50},[36,120830,1340],{"class":54},[36,120832,58],{"class":50},[36,120834,61],{"class":54},[36,120836,1355],{"class":50},[36,120838,120839],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,120840,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,120842,120843,120845,120847,120849],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,120844,74548],{"class":141},[36,120846,145],{"class":50},[36,120848,149],{"class":148},[36,120850,152],{"class":50},[36,120852,120853],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,120854,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,120856,120857,120859,120861,120863],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,120858,142],{"class":141},[36,120860,145],{"class":50},[36,120862,149],{"class":148},[36,120864,152],{"class":50},[14,120866,120867],{},[180,120868,182],{},[26,120870,120871],{"className":28,"code":119017,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,120872,120873],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,120874,120875,120877,120879,120881,120883,120885,120887],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,120876,3941],{"class":50},[36,120878,485],{"class":54},[36,120880,58],{"class":50},[36,120882,1340],{"class":54},[36,120884,58],{"class":50},[36,120886,61],{"class":54},[36,120888,1355],{"class":50},[14,120890,120891,120894],{},[33,120892,120893],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[14,120896,10837],{},[26,120898,120900],{"className":28,"code":120899,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[33,120901,120902,120922,120926,120940,120944],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,120903,120904,120906,120908,120910,120912,120914,120916,120918,120920],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,120905,43],{"class":42},[36,120907,47],{"class":46},[36,120909,1333],{"class":50},[36,120911,485],{"class":54},[36,120913,58],{"class":50},[36,120915,1340],{"class":54},[36,120917,58],{"class":50},[36,120919,61],{"class":54},[36,120921,1355],{"class":50},[36,120923,120924],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,120925,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,120927,120928,120930,120932,120934,120936,120938],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,120929,55681],{"class":42},[36,120931,47],{"class":46},[36,120933,74592],{"class":141},[36,120935,145],{"class":50},[36,120937,149],{"class":148},[36,120939,152],{"class":50},[36,120941,120942],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,120943,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,120945,120946,120948,120950,120952],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,120947,142],{"class":141},[36,120949,145],{"class":50},[36,120951,55700],{"class":148},[36,120953,152],{"class":50},[376,120955,120957,120958,120960],{"id":120956},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[33,120959,64347],{}," on a tuple or string",[26,120962,120963],{"className":28,"code":79344,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,120964,120965,120977],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,120966,120967,120969,120971,120973,120975],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,120968,34722],{"class":42},[36,120970,47],{"class":46},[36,120972,99],{"class":87},[36,120974,30],{"class":91},[36,120976,3403],{"class":87},[36,120978,120979,120981,120983,120985],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,120980,34743],{"class":42},[36,120982,303],{"class":50},[36,120984,34834],{"class":148},[36,120986,128],{"class":50},[14,120988,120989,120990,33634],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[33,120991,64347],{},[14,120993,120994,120996],{},[33,120995,64347],{}," only works on lists.",[14,120998,120999,121000,121002,121003,303],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[33,121001,74458],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[294,121004,5176],{"href":5625},[376,121006,121008,121009,119054],{"id":121007},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[33,121010,74458],{},[26,121012,121014],{"className":28,"code":121013,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[33,121015,121016,121029,121043,121047,121057],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,121017,121018,121020,121022,121024,121027],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,121019,34722],{"class":42},[36,121021,47],{"class":46},[36,121023,99],{"class":87},[36,121025,121026],{"class":91},"cab",[36,121028,3403],{"class":87},[36,121030,121031,121033,121035,121037,121039,121041],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,121032,2280],{"class":42},[36,121034,47],{"class":46},[36,121036,74592],{"class":141},[36,121038,145],{"class":50},[36,121040,34743],{"class":148},[36,121042,152],{"class":50},[36,121044,121045],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,121046,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,121048,121049,121051,121053,121055],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,121050,142],{"class":141},[36,121052,145],{"class":50},[36,121054,2315],{"class":148},[36,121056,152],{"class":50},[36,121058,121059,121061,121063,121065,121067,121069],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,121060,142],{"class":141},[36,121062,145],{"class":50},[36,121064,818],{"class":80},[36,121066,145],{"class":50},[36,121068,2315],{"class":148},[36,121070,445],{"class":50},[14,121072,121073],{},[180,121074,182],{},[26,121076,121078],{"className":28,"code":121077,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[33,121079,121080,121108],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,121081,121082,121084,121086,121088,121090,121092,121094,121096,121098,121100,121102,121104,121106],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,121083,3941],{"class":50},[36,121085,211],{"class":87},[36,121087,294],{"class":91},[36,121089,211],{"class":87},[36,121091,58],{"class":50},[36,121093,220],{"class":87},[36,121095,1707],{"class":91},[36,121097,211],{"class":87},[36,121099,58],{"class":50},[36,121101,220],{"class":87},[36,121103,9770],{"class":91},[36,121105,211],{"class":87},[36,121107,1355],{"class":50},[36,121109,121110,121112,121114,121116,121118,121120],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,121111,844],{"class":46},[36,121113,848],{"class":847},[36,121115,220],{"class":87},[36,121117,1225],{"class":91},[36,121119,211],{"class":87},[36,121121,857],{"class":46},[14,121123,121124],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[21,121126,113575],{"id":113574},[14,121128,121129],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[246,121131,121132,121135,121140,121145,121151],{},[249,121133,121134],{},"confusing a function with a method",[249,121136,121137,121138,53683],{},"not knowing that ",[33,121139,64347],{},[249,121141,121142,121143,12628],{},"assigning the result of ",[33,121144,77901],{},[249,121146,121147,121148,121150],{},"trying to use ",[33,121149,64347],{}," on non-list data types",[249,121152,50544,121153,121155],{},[33,121154,74458],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[14,121157,121158],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[26,121160,121162],{"className":28,"code":121161,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[33,121163,121164,121174,121188,121213,121228,121238],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,121165,121166,121168,121170,121172],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,121167,142],{"class":141},[36,121169,145],{"class":50},[36,121171,8375],{"class":148},[36,121173,152],{"class":50},[36,121175,121176,121178,121180,121182,121184,121186],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,121177,142],{"class":141},[36,121179,145],{"class":50},[36,121181,74548],{"class":141},[36,121183,145],{"class":50},[36,121185,8375],{"class":148},[36,121187,445],{"class":50},[36,121189,121190,121192,121194,121196,121198,121200,121202,121205,121207,121209,121211],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,121191,2280],{"class":42},[36,121193,47],{"class":46},[36,121195,8432],{"class":42},[36,121197,303],{"class":50},[36,121199,34834],{"class":148},[36,121201,7405],{"class":50},[36,121203,121204],{"class":42},"; ",[36,121206,142],{"class":141},[36,121208,145],{"class":50},[36,121210,2315],{"class":148},[36,121212,152],{"class":50},[36,121214,121215,121217,121219,121221,121223,121226],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,121216,142],{"class":141},[36,121218,145],{"class":50},[36,121220,818],{"class":80},[36,121222,145],{"class":50},[36,121224,121225],{"class":148},"my_data",[36,121227,445],{"class":50},[36,121229,121230,121232,121234,121236],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,121231,32186],{"class":141},[36,121233,145],{"class":50},[36,121235,74548],{"class":141},[36,121237,152],{"class":50},[36,121239,121240,121242,121244,121246,121248,121250],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,121241,32186],{"class":141},[36,121243,145],{"class":50},[36,121245,1225],{"class":80},[36,121247,303],{"class":50},[36,121249,34834],{"class":24783},[36,121251,152],{"class":50},[14,121253,84407],{},[246,121255,121256,121259,121263,121271],{},[249,121257,121258],{},"whether your original list changed",[249,121260,26053,121261,11736],{},[33,121262,74458],{},[249,121264,121265,121266,121268,121269],{},"whether ",[33,121267,64347],{}," returned ",[33,121270,3822],{},[249,121272,121273],{},"what type of object you are working with",[21,121275,121277],{"id":121276},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[14,121279,121280],{},"Use this rule:",[246,121282,121283,121291],{},[249,121284,121285,121286,121288,121289],{},"Need a ",[180,121287,119379],{},": use ",[33,121290,74458],{},[249,121292,121293,121294,121288,121297],{},"Need to ",[180,121295,121296],{},"change one list directly",[33,121298,77901],{},[14,121300,121301,121302,121304],{},"For many beginners, ",[33,121303,74458],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[21,121306,1872],{"id":1871},[376,121308,121310,121311,298,121313,2541],{"id":121309},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[33,121312,74458],{},[33,121314,77901],{},[14,121316,121317,121319],{},[33,121318,74458],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[376,121321,5198,121323,5201,121325,2541],{"id":121322},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[33,121324,77901],{},[33,121326,3822],{},[14,121328,121329],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[376,121331,5210,121333,121335],{"id":121332},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[33,121334,74458],{}," sort a tuple?",[14,121337,121338],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[376,121340,28363,121342,121344],{"id":121341},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[33,121343,64347],{}," on a string?",[14,121346,46403,121347,121349,121350,39966],{},[33,121348,64347],{}," is a list method. Use ",[33,121351,121352],{},"sorted(string)",[376,121354,11849,121356,482,121358,121360],{"id":121355},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[33,121357,74458],{},[33,121359,64347],{}," both support descending order?",[14,121362,121363,121364,303],{},"Yes. Both support ",[33,121365,78125],{},[21,121367,1923],{"id":1922},[246,121369,121370,121376,121382,121386,121390],{},[249,121371,121372],{},[294,121373,1935,121374,3554],{"href":74555},[33,121375,74458],{},[249,121377,121378],{},[294,121379,1935,121380,1939],{"href":74809},[33,121381,77901],{},[249,121383,121384],{},[294,121385,79907],{"href":78410},[249,121387,121388],{},[294,121389,120673],{"href":120672},[249,121391,121392],{},[294,121393,52810],{"href":51018},[1962,121395,121396],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":121398},[121399,121400,121401,121405,121409,121412,121416,121420,121425,121435,121436,121437,121449],{"id":23,"depth":72,"text":24},{"id":119467,"depth":72,"text":119468},{"id":117570,"depth":72,"text":119292,"children":121402},[121403],{"id":119534,"depth":118,"text":121404},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77967,"depth":72,"text":79929,"children":121406},[121407],{"id":119711,"depth":118,"text":121408},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119807,"depth":72,"text":119808,"children":121410},[121411],{"id":119833,"depth":118,"text":119834},{"id":120039,"depth":72,"text":121413,"children":121414},"When to use sorted()",[121415],{"id":120061,"depth":118,"text":120062},{"id":120196,"depth":72,"text":121417,"children":121418},"When to use list.sort()",[121419],{"id":120219,"depth":118,"text":120220},{"id":120333,"depth":72,"text":121421,"children":121422},"reverse and key work with both",[121423,121424],{"id":120364,"depth":118,"text":120365},{"id":120492,"depth":118,"text":120493},{"id":120676,"depth":72,"text":120677,"children":121426},[121427,121429,121431,121433],{"id":120683,"depth":118,"text":121428},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120807,"depth":118,"text":121430},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120956,"depth":118,"text":121432},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121007,"depth":118,"text":121434},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113574,"depth":72,"text":113575},{"id":121276,"depth":72,"text":121277},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":121438},[121439,121441,121443,121445,121447],{"id":121309,"depth":118,"text":121440},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121322,"depth":118,"text":121442},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121332,"depth":118,"text":121444},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121341,"depth":118,"text":121446},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121355,"depth":118,"text":121448},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119338,"description":121450},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121456,"title":42213,"body":121457,"description":123189,"extension":2009,"meta":123190,"navigation":134,"path":123191,"seo":123192,"stem":123193,"__hash__":123194},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121458,"toc":123146},[121459,121464,121469,121475,121477,121532,121536,121559,121564,121569,121574,121576,121607,121610,121624,121626,121628,121643,121648,121652,121655,121706,121710,121724,121731,121735,121739,121794,121798,121821,121825,121881,121885,121908,121912,121967,121971,121994,121998,122065,122069,122104,122110,122115,122120,122122,122136,122138,122212,122216,122236,122241,122248,122251,122263,122265,122334,122338,122375,122378,122403,122410,122419,122422,122434,122440,122446,122448,122454,122459,122538,122542,122583,122587,122589,122616,122619,122642,122645,122651,122654,122691,122703,122710,122712,122763,122766,122798,122801,122803,122810,122812,122827,122829,122886,122890,122914,122916,122921,122937,122944,122948,122951,123034,123044,123046,123051,123054,123060,123063,123069,123072,123078,123081,123088,123096,123098,123143],[10,121460,1935,121462,3624],{"id":121461},"python-str-function-explained",[33,121463,47721],{},[14,121465,32351,121466,121468],{},[33,121467,47721],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[14,121470,121471,121472,121474],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[33,121473,47721],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[21,121476,2051],{"id":2050},[26,121478,121480],{"className":28,"code":121479,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[33,121481,121482,121490,121504,121508,121518],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,121483,121484,121486,121488],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,121485,21660],{"class":42},[36,121487,47],{"class":46},[36,121489,45263],{"class":54},[36,121491,121492,121494,121496,121498,121500,121502],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,121493,34722],{"class":42},[36,121495,47],{"class":46},[36,121497,48942],{"class":80},[36,121499,145],{"class":50},[36,121501,9331],{"class":148},[36,121503,152],{"class":50},[36,121505,121506],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,121507,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,121509,121510,121512,121514,121516],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,121511,142],{"class":141},[36,121513,145],{"class":50},[36,121515,34743],{"class":148},[36,121517,152],{"class":50},[36,121519,121520,121522,121524,121526,121528,121530],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,121521,142],{"class":141},[36,121523,145],{"class":50},[36,121525,818],{"class":80},[36,121527,145],{"class":50},[36,121529,34743],{"class":148},[36,121531,445],{"class":50},[14,121533,121534],{},[180,121535,182],{},[26,121537,121539],{"className":28,"code":121538,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[33,121540,121541,121545],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,121542,121543],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,121544,2759],{"class":54},[36,121546,121547,121549,121551,121553,121555,121557],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,121548,844],{"class":46},[36,121550,848],{"class":847},[36,121552,220],{"class":87},[36,121554,3488],{"class":91},[36,121556,211],{"class":87},[36,121558,857],{"class":46},[14,121560,495,121561,121563],{},[33,121562,47721],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[21,121565,3720,121567,3723],{"id":121566},"what-str-does",[33,121568,47721],{},[14,121570,121571,121573],{},[33,121572,47721],{}," converts a value into a string.",[14,121575,2153],{},[246,121577,121578,121585,121592,121599],{},[249,121579,121580,121581,42192,121583],{},"An integer like ",[33,121582,631],{},[33,121584,42163],{},[249,121586,121587,121588,42192,121590],{},"A float like ",[33,121589,40180],{},[33,121591,48132],{},[249,121593,121594,121595,42192,121597],{},"A boolean like ",[33,121596,3649],{},[33,121598,6680],{},[249,121600,121601,121602,42192,121604],{},"A list like ",[33,121603,75280],{},[33,121605,121606],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[14,121608,121609],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[246,121611,121612,121615,121618,121621],{},[249,121613,121614],{},"print it",[249,121616,121617],{},"combine it with other strings",[249,121619,121620],{},"save it to a file",[249,121622,121623],{},"use it in messages",[21,121625,2205],{"id":2204},[14,121627,7257],{},[26,121629,121631],{"className":28,"code":121630,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"str(object)\n",[33,121632,121633],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,121634,121635,121637,121639,121641],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,121636,3488],{"class":80},[36,121638,145],{"class":50},[36,121640,42436],{"class":80},[36,121642,152],{"class":50},[14,121644,20803,121645,121647],{},[33,121646,42436],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[14,121649,121650,8261],{},[33,121651,47721],{},[14,121653,121654],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[26,121656,121658],{"className":28,"code":121657,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[33,121659,121660,121669,121692,121696],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,121661,121662,121664,121666],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,121663,5135],{"class":42},[36,121665,47],{"class":46},[36,121667,121668],{"class":54}," 100\n",[36,121670,121671,121673,121675,121677,121680,121682,121684,121686,121688,121690],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,121672,90041],{"class":42},[36,121674,47],{"class":46},[36,121676,99],{"class":87},[36,121678,121679],{"class":91},"Your score is ",[36,121681,88],{"class":87},[36,121683,2504],{"class":46},[36,121685,48942],{"class":80},[36,121687,145],{"class":50},[36,121689,85554],{"class":148},[36,121691,152],{"class":50},[36,121693,121694],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,121695,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,121697,121698,121700,121702,121704],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,121699,142],{"class":141},[36,121701,145],{"class":50},[36,121703,90058],{"class":148},[36,121705,152],{"class":50},[14,121707,121708],{},[180,121709,182],{},[26,121711,121713],{"className":28,"code":121712,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Your score is 100\n",[33,121714,121715],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,121716,121717,121720,121722],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,121718,121719],{"class":42},"Your score ",[36,121721,12224],{"class":46},[36,121723,121668],{"class":54},[14,121725,2347,121726,121730],{},[294,121727,121728,2354],{"href":2350},[33,121729,2353],{}," can help you check.",[21,121732,121734],{"id":121733},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[376,121736,121738],{"id":121737},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[26,121740,121742],{"className":28,"code":121741,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[33,121743,121744,121752,121766,121770,121780],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,121745,121746,121748,121750],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,121747,2267],{"class":42},[36,121749,47],{"class":46},[36,121751,2637],{"class":54},[36,121753,121754,121756,121758,121760,121762,121764],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,121755,34722],{"class":42},[36,121757,47],{"class":46},[36,121759,48942],{"class":80},[36,121761,145],{"class":50},[36,121763,2290],{"class":148},[36,121765,152],{"class":50},[36,121767,121768],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,121769,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,121771,121772,121774,121776,121778],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,121773,142],{"class":141},[36,121775,145],{"class":50},[36,121777,34743],{"class":148},[36,121779,152],{"class":50},[36,121781,121782,121784,121786,121788,121790,121792],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,121783,142],{"class":141},[36,121785,145],{"class":50},[36,121787,818],{"class":80},[36,121789,145],{"class":50},[36,121791,34743],{"class":148},[36,121793,445],{"class":50},[14,121795,121796],{},[180,121797,182],{},[26,121799,121801],{"className":28,"code":121800,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[33,121802,121803,121807],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,121804,121805],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,121806,2427],{"class":54},[36,121808,121809,121811,121813,121815,121817,121819],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,121810,844],{"class":46},[36,121812,848],{"class":847},[36,121814,220],{"class":87},[36,121816,3488],{"class":91},[36,121818,211],{"class":87},[36,121820,857],{"class":46},[376,121822,121824],{"id":121823},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[26,121826,121828],{"className":28,"code":121827,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[33,121829,121830,121839,121853,121857,121867],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,121831,121832,121834,121836],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,121833,40424],{"class":42},[36,121835,47],{"class":46},[36,121837,121838],{"class":54}," 3.14\n",[36,121840,121841,121843,121845,121847,121849,121851],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,121842,34722],{"class":42},[36,121844,47],{"class":46},[36,121846,48942],{"class":80},[36,121848,145],{"class":50},[36,121850,25183],{"class":148},[36,121852,152],{"class":50},[36,121854,121855],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,121856,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,121858,121859,121861,121863,121865],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,121860,142],{"class":141},[36,121862,145],{"class":50},[36,121864,34743],{"class":148},[36,121866,152],{"class":50},[36,121868,121869,121871,121873,121875,121877,121879],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,121870,142],{"class":141},[36,121872,145],{"class":50},[36,121874,818],{"class":80},[36,121876,145],{"class":50},[36,121878,34743],{"class":148},[36,121880,445],{"class":50},[14,121882,121883],{},[180,121884,182],{},[26,121886,121888],{"className":28,"code":121887,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[33,121889,121890,121894],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,121891,121892],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,121893,40214],{"class":54},[36,121895,121896,121898,121900,121902,121904,121906],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,121897,844],{"class":46},[36,121899,848],{"class":847},[36,121901,220],{"class":87},[36,121903,3488],{"class":91},[36,121905,211],{"class":87},[36,121907,857],{"class":46},[376,121909,121911],{"id":121910},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[26,121913,121915],{"className":28,"code":121914,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[33,121916,121917,121925,121939,121943,121953],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,121918,121919,121921,121923],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,121920,1478],{"class":42},[36,121922,47],{"class":46},[36,121924,6462],{"class":1143},[36,121926,121927,121929,121931,121933,121935,121937],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,121928,34722],{"class":42},[36,121930,47],{"class":46},[36,121932,48942],{"class":80},[36,121934,145],{"class":50},[36,121936,1495],{"class":148},[36,121938,152],{"class":50},[36,121940,121941],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,121942,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,121944,121945,121947,121949,121951],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,121946,142],{"class":141},[36,121948,145],{"class":50},[36,121950,34743],{"class":148},[36,121952,152],{"class":50},[36,121954,121955,121957,121959,121961,121963,121965],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,121956,142],{"class":141},[36,121958,145],{"class":50},[36,121960,818],{"class":80},[36,121962,145],{"class":50},[36,121964,34743],{"class":148},[36,121966,445],{"class":50},[14,121968,121969],{},[180,121970,182],{},[26,121972,121974],{"className":28,"code":121973,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[33,121975,121976,121980],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,121977,121978],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,121979,4020],{"class":1143},[36,121981,121982,121984,121986,121988,121990,121992],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,121983,844],{"class":46},[36,121985,848],{"class":847},[36,121987,220],{"class":87},[36,121989,3488],{"class":91},[36,121991,211],{"class":87},[36,121993,857],{"class":46},[376,121995,121997],{"id":121996},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[26,121999,122001],{"className":28,"code":122000,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[33,122002,122003,122023,122037,122041,122051],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,122004,122005,122007,122009,122011,122013,122015,122017,122019,122021],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,122006,1328],{"class":42},[36,122008,47],{"class":46},[36,122010,1333],{"class":50},[36,122012,55],{"class":54},[36,122014,58],{"class":50},[36,122016,61],{"class":54},[36,122018,58],{"class":50},[36,122020,66],{"class":54},[36,122022,1355],{"class":50},[36,122024,122025,122027,122029,122031,122033,122035],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,122026,34722],{"class":42},[36,122028,47],{"class":46},[36,122030,48942],{"class":80},[36,122032,145],{"class":50},[36,122034,1369],{"class":148},[36,122036,152],{"class":50},[36,122038,122039],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,122040,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,122042,122043,122045,122047,122049],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,122044,142],{"class":141},[36,122046,145],{"class":50},[36,122048,34743],{"class":148},[36,122050,152],{"class":50},[36,122052,122053,122055,122057,122059,122061,122063],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,122054,142],{"class":141},[36,122056,145],{"class":50},[36,122058,818],{"class":80},[36,122060,145],{"class":50},[36,122062,34743],{"class":148},[36,122064,445],{"class":50},[14,122066,122067],{},[180,122068,182],{},[26,122070,122072],{"className":28,"code":122071,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[33,122073,122074,122090],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,122075,122076,122078,122080,122082,122084,122086,122088],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,122077,3941],{"class":50},[36,122079,55],{"class":54},[36,122081,58],{"class":50},[36,122083,61],{"class":54},[36,122085,58],{"class":50},[36,122087,66],{"class":54},[36,122089,1355],{"class":50},[36,122091,122092,122094,122096,122098,122100,122102],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,122093,844],{"class":46},[36,122095,848],{"class":847},[36,122097,220],{"class":87},[36,122099,3488],{"class":91},[36,122101,211],{"class":87},[36,122103,857],{"class":46},[14,122105,122106,122107,122109],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[180,122108,870],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[21,122111,5000,122113],{"id":122112},"when-to-use-str",[33,122114,47721],{},[14,122116,495,122117,122119],{},[33,122118,47721],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[14,122121,36460],{},[246,122123,122124,122127,122130,122133],{},[249,122125,122126],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[249,122128,122129],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[249,122131,122132],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[249,122134,122135],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[14,122137,2257],{},[26,122139,122141],{"className":28,"code":122140,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[33,122142,122143,122155,122163,122167,122202],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,122144,122145,122147,122149,122151,122153],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,122146,7912],{"class":42},[36,122148,47],{"class":46},[36,122150,99],{"class":87},[36,122152,11539],{"class":91},[36,122154,3403],{"class":87},[36,122156,122157,122159,122161],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,122158,21660],{"class":42},[36,122160,47],{"class":46},[36,122162,45263],{"class":54},[36,122164,122165],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,122166,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,122168,122169,122171,122173,122175,122177,122179,122181,122183,122185,122187,122189,122191,122193,122195,122197,122200],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,122170,90041],{"class":42},[36,122172,47],{"class":46},[36,122174,36005],{"class":42},[36,122176,2107],{"class":46},[36,122178,99],{"class":87},[36,122180,4822],{"class":91},[36,122182,88],{"class":87},[36,122184,2504],{"class":46},[36,122186,48942],{"class":80},[36,122188,145],{"class":50},[36,122190,9331],{"class":148},[36,122192,3703],{"class":50},[36,122194,2504],{"class":46},[36,122196,99],{"class":87},[36,122198,122199],{"class":91}," years old.",[36,122201,3403],{"class":87},[36,122203,122204,122206,122208,122210],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,122205,142],{"class":141},[36,122207,145],{"class":50},[36,122209,90058],{"class":148},[36,122211,152],{"class":50},[14,122213,122214],{},[180,122215,182],{},[26,122217,122219],{"className":28,"code":122218,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[33,122220,122221],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,122222,122223,122226,122228,122230,122233],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,122224,122225],{"class":42},"Maya ",[36,122227,12224],{"class":46},[36,122229,9338],{"class":54},[36,122231,122232],{"class":42}," years old",[36,122234,122235],{"class":50},".\n",[14,122237,122238,122239,303],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[294,122240,89727],{"href":89726},[21,122242,122244,10615,122246],{"id":122243},"str-vs-print",[33,122245,47721],{},[33,122247,46490],{},[14,122249,122250],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[246,122252,122253,122258],{},[249,122254,122255,122257],{},[33,122256,47721],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[249,122259,122260,122262],{},[33,122261,46490],{}," displays output on the screen",[14,122264,2257],{},[26,122266,122268],{"className":28,"code":122267,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[33,122269,122270,122278,122282,122296,122306,122320],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,122271,122272,122274,122276],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,122273,1478],{"class":42},[36,122275,47],{"class":46},[36,122277,2819],{"class":54},[36,122279,122280],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,122281,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,122283,122284,122286,122288,122290,122292,122294],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,122285,34722],{"class":42},[36,122287,47],{"class":46},[36,122289,48942],{"class":80},[36,122291,145],{"class":50},[36,122293,1495],{"class":148},[36,122295,152],{"class":50},[36,122297,122298,122300,122302,122304],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,122299,142],{"class":141},[36,122301,145],{"class":50},[36,122303,34743],{"class":148},[36,122305,152],{"class":50},[36,122307,122308,122310,122312,122314,122316,122318],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,122309,142],{"class":141},[36,122311,145],{"class":50},[36,122313,818],{"class":80},[36,122315,145],{"class":50},[36,122317,34743],{"class":148},[36,122319,445],{"class":50},[36,122321,122322,122324,122326,122328,122330,122332],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,122323,142],{"class":141},[36,122325,145],{"class":50},[36,122327,818],{"class":80},[36,122329,145],{"class":50},[36,122331,1495],{"class":148},[36,122333,445],{"class":50},[14,122335,122336],{},[180,122337,182],{},[26,122339,122341],{"className":28,"code":122340,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[33,122342,122343,122347,122361],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,122344,122345],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,122346,46650],{"class":54},[36,122348,122349,122351,122353,122355,122357,122359],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,122350,844],{"class":46},[36,122352,848],{"class":847},[36,122354,220],{"class":87},[36,122356,3488],{"class":91},[36,122358,211],{"class":87},[36,122360,857],{"class":46},[36,122362,122363,122365,122367,122369,122371,122373],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,122364,844],{"class":46},[36,122366,848],{"class":847},[36,122368,220],{"class":87},[36,122370,2237],{"class":91},[36,122372,211],{"class":87},[36,122374,857],{"class":46},[14,122376,122377],{},"Notice:",[246,122379,122380,122386,122391],{},[249,122381,122382,122385],{},[33,122383,122384],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[249,122387,122388,122390],{},[33,122389,46490],{}," only displayed values",[249,122392,122393,122395,122396,122398,122399,61336,122401],{},[33,122394,46490],{}," did not change ",[33,122397,1495],{}," from ",[33,122400,2237],{},[33,122402,3488],{},[14,122404,122405,122406,303],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[294,122407,122408,2354],{"href":46487},[33,122409,46490],{},[21,122411,122413,10615,122415,122418],{"id":122412},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[33,122414,47721],{},[33,122416,122417],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[14,122420,122421],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[246,122423,122424,122429],{},[249,122425,122426,122428],{},[33,122427,47721],{}," is the more readable text version",[249,122430,122431,122433],{},[33,122432,122417],{}," is more developer-focused",[14,122435,122436,122437,122439],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[33,122438,47721],{}," much more often.",[14,122441,122442,122443,122445],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[33,122444,47721],{}," is usually the right choice.",[21,122447,4557],{"id":4556},[376,122449,25808,122451,122453],{"id":122450},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[33,122452,47721],{}," changes the original variable",[14,122455,122456,122458],{},[33,122457,47721],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[26,122460,122462],{"className":28,"code":122461,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[33,122463,122464,122472,122486,122490,122500,122514,122524],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,122465,122466,122468,122470],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,122467,21660],{"class":42},[36,122469,47],{"class":46},[36,122471,45263],{"class":54},[36,122473,122474,122476,122478,122480,122482,122484],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,122475,34722],{"class":42},[36,122477,47],{"class":46},[36,122479,48942],{"class":80},[36,122481,145],{"class":50},[36,122483,9331],{"class":148},[36,122485,152],{"class":50},[36,122487,122488],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,122489,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,122491,122492,122494,122496,122498],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,122493,142],{"class":141},[36,122495,145],{"class":50},[36,122497,9331],{"class":148},[36,122499,152],{"class":50},[36,122501,122502,122504,122506,122508,122510,122512],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,122503,142],{"class":141},[36,122505,145],{"class":50},[36,122507,818],{"class":80},[36,122509,145],{"class":50},[36,122511,9331],{"class":148},[36,122513,445],{"class":50},[36,122515,122516,122518,122520,122522],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,122517,142],{"class":141},[36,122519,145],{"class":50},[36,122521,34743],{"class":148},[36,122523,152],{"class":50},[36,122525,122526,122528,122530,122532,122534,122536],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,122527,142],{"class":141},[36,122529,145],{"class":50},[36,122531,818],{"class":80},[36,122533,145],{"class":50},[36,122535,34743],{"class":148},[36,122537,445],{"class":50},[14,122539,122540],{},[180,122541,182],{},[26,122543,122545],{"className":28,"code":122544,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[33,122546,122547,122551,122565,122569],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,122548,122549],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,122550,2759],{"class":54},[36,122552,122553,122555,122557,122559,122561,122563],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,122554,844],{"class":46},[36,122556,848],{"class":847},[36,122558,220],{"class":87},[36,122560,2237],{"class":91},[36,122562,211],{"class":87},[36,122564,857],{"class":46},[36,122566,122567],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,122568,2759],{"class":54},[36,122570,122571,122573,122575,122577,122579,122581],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,122572,844],{"class":46},[36,122574,848],{"class":847},[36,122576,220],{"class":87},[36,122578,3488],{"class":91},[36,122580,211],{"class":87},[36,122582,857],{"class":46},[376,122584,122586],{"id":122585},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[14,122588,6727],{},[26,122590,122592],{"className":28,"code":122591,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[33,122593,122594,122602],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,122595,122596,122598,122600],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,122597,21660],{"class":42},[36,122599,47],{"class":46},[36,122601,45263],{"class":54},[36,122603,122604,122606,122608,122610,122612,122614],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,122605,34722],{"class":42},[36,122607,47],{"class":46},[36,122609,48942],{"class":80},[36,122611,145],{"class":50},[36,122613,9331],{"class":148},[36,122615,152],{"class":50},[14,122617,122618],{},"But if you only do this:",[26,122620,122622],{"className":28,"code":122621,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[33,122623,122624,122632],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,122625,122626,122628,122630],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,122627,21660],{"class":42},[36,122629,47],{"class":46},[36,122631,45263],{"class":54},[36,122633,122634,122636,122638,122640],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,122635,3488],{"class":80},[36,122637,145],{"class":50},[36,122639,9331],{"class":148},[36,122641,152],{"class":50},[14,122643,122644],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[376,122646,1462,122648,122650],{"id":122647},"using-str-too-early",[33,122649,47721],{}," too early",[14,122652,122653],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[26,122655,122657],{"className":28,"code":122656,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[33,122658,122659,122667,122682,122686],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,122660,122661,122663,122665],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,122662,40424],{"class":42},[36,122664,47],{"class":46},[36,122666,2637],{"class":54},[36,122668,122669,122672,122674,122676,122678,122680],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,122670,122671],{"class":42},"text_price ",[36,122673,47],{"class":46},[36,122675,48942],{"class":80},[36,122677,145],{"class":50},[36,122679,25183],{"class":148},[36,122681,152],{"class":50},[36,122683,122684],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,122685,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,122687,122688],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,122689,122690],{"class":1617},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[14,122692,122693,122694,298,122698,122702],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[294,122695,122696],{"href":2924},[33,122697,2927],{},[294,122699,122700],{"href":2930},[33,122701,2933],{},", depending on the situation.",[376,122704,8489,122706,122709],{"id":122705},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[33,122707,122708],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[14,122711,64679],{},[26,122713,122715],{"className":28,"code":122714,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[33,122716,122717,122749],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,122718,122719,122721,122723,122725,122727,122729,122731,122733,122735,122737,122739,122741,122743,122745,122747],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,122720,1328],{"class":42},[36,122722,47],{"class":46},[36,122724,1333],{"class":50},[36,122726,88],{"class":87},[36,122728,92],{"class":91},[36,122730,88],{"class":87},[36,122732,58],{"class":50},[36,122734,99],{"class":87},[36,122736,102],{"class":91},[36,122738,88],{"class":87},[36,122740,58],{"class":50},[36,122742,99],{"class":87},[36,122744,1005],{"class":91},[36,122746,88],{"class":87},[36,122748,1355],{"class":50},[36,122750,122751,122753,122755,122757,122759,122761],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,122752,142],{"class":141},[36,122754,145],{"class":50},[36,122756,3488],{"class":80},[36,122758,145],{"class":50},[36,122760,1369],{"class":148},[36,122762,445],{"class":50},[14,122764,122765],{},"prints:",[26,122767,122768],{"className":28,"code":72870,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,122769,122770],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,122771,122772,122774,122776,122778,122780,122782,122784,122786,122788,122790,122792,122794,122796],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,122773,3941],{"class":50},[36,122775,211],{"class":87},[36,122777,92],{"class":91},[36,122779,211],{"class":87},[36,122781,58],{"class":50},[36,122783,220],{"class":87},[36,122785,102],{"class":91},[36,122787,211],{"class":87},[36,122789,58],{"class":50},[36,122791,220],{"class":87},[36,122793,1005],{"class":91},[36,122795,211],{"class":87},[36,122797,1355],{"class":50},[14,122799,122800],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[21,122802,17449],{"id":17448},[14,122804,122805,22007,122807,303],{},[33,122806,47721],{},[180,122808,122809],{},"new string",[14,122811,11488],{},[246,122813,122814,122817,122820],{},[249,122815,122816],{},"It always returns a string",[249,122818,122819],{},"It does not modify the original object",[249,122821,7801,122822,122826],{},[294,122823,122824],{"href":2350},[33,122825,2353],{}," to confirm the result",[14,122828,2257],{},[26,122830,122832],{"className":28,"code":122831,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[33,122833,122834,122842,122857,122861,122872],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,122835,122836,122838,122840],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,122837,1478],{"class":42},[36,122839,47],{"class":46},[36,122841,14163],{"class":54},[36,122843,122844,122847,122849,122851,122853,122855],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,122845,122846],{"class":42},"converted ",[36,122848,47],{"class":46},[36,122850,48942],{"class":80},[36,122852,145],{"class":50},[36,122854,1495],{"class":148},[36,122856,152],{"class":50},[36,122858,122859],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,122860,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,122862,122863,122865,122867,122870],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,122864,142],{"class":141},[36,122866,145],{"class":50},[36,122868,122869],{"class":148},"converted",[36,122871,152],{"class":50},[36,122873,122874,122876,122878,122880,122882,122884],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,122875,142],{"class":141},[36,122877,145],{"class":50},[36,122879,818],{"class":80},[36,122881,145],{"class":50},[36,122883,122869],{"class":148},[36,122885,445],{"class":50},[14,122887,122888],{},[180,122889,182],{},[26,122891,122893],{"className":28,"code":122892,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[33,122894,122895,122900],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,122896,122897],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,122898,122899],{"class":54},"99\n",[36,122901,122902,122904,122906,122908,122910,122912],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,122903,844],{"class":46},[36,122905,848],{"class":847},[36,122907,220],{"class":87},[36,122909,3488],{"class":91},[36,122911,211],{"class":87},[36,122913,857],{"class":46},[21,122915,113575],{"id":113574},[14,122917,122918,122919,74849],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[33,122920,47721],{},[246,122922,122923,122926,122929,122934],{},[249,122924,122925],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[249,122927,122928],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[249,122930,1462,122931,122933],{},[33,122932,47721],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[249,122935,122936],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[14,122938,122939,122940,303],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[294,122941,25713,122942],{"href":90439},[33,122943,90440],{},[21,122945,122947],{"id":122946},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[14,122949,122950],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[26,122952,122954],{"className":28,"code":122953,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[33,122955,122956,122964,122968,122978,122992,122996,123010,123020],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,122957,122958,122960,122962],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,122959,1478],{"class":42},[36,122961,47],{"class":46},[36,122963,45263],{"class":54},[36,122965,122966],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,122967,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,122969,122970,122972,122974,122976],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,122971,142],{"class":141},[36,122973,145],{"class":50},[36,122975,1495],{"class":148},[36,122977,152],{"class":50},[36,122979,122980,122982,122984,122986,122988,122990],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,122981,142],{"class":141},[36,122983,145],{"class":50},[36,122985,818],{"class":80},[36,122987,145],{"class":50},[36,122989,1495],{"class":148},[36,122991,445],{"class":50},[36,122993,122994],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,122995,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,122997,122998,123000,123002,123004,123006,123008],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,122999,122846],{"class":42},[36,123001,47],{"class":46},[36,123003,48942],{"class":80},[36,123005,145],{"class":50},[36,123007,1495],{"class":148},[36,123009,152],{"class":50},[36,123011,123012,123014,123016,123018],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,123013,142],{"class":141},[36,123015,145],{"class":50},[36,123017,122869],{"class":148},[36,123019,152],{"class":50},[36,123021,123022,123024,123026,123028,123030,123032],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,123023,142],{"class":141},[36,123025,145],{"class":50},[36,123027,818],{"class":80},[36,123029,145],{"class":50},[36,123031,122869],{"class":148},[36,123033,445],{"class":50},[14,123035,123036,123037,2238,123039,123041,123042,303],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[33,123038,2237],{},[33,123040,2241],{},", or another type into ",[33,123043,3488],{},[21,123045,1872],{"id":1871},[376,123047,5182,123049,5185],{"id":123048},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[33,123050,47721],{},[14,123052,123053],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[376,123055,12735,123057,123059],{"id":123056},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[33,123058,47721],{}," change the original variable?",[14,123061,123062],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[376,123064,5210,123066,123068],{"id":123065},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[33,123067,47721],{}," convert numbers to text?",[14,123070,123071],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[376,123073,94623,123075,123077],{"id":123074},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[33,123076,47721],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[14,123079,123080],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[376,123082,14936,123084,57243,123086,2541],{"id":123083},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[33,123085,47721],{},[33,123087,46490],{},[14,123089,46403,123090,123092,123093,123095],{},[33,123091,47721],{}," converts to text. ",[33,123094,46490],{}," shows output.",[21,123097,1923],{"id":1922},[246,123099,123100,123106,123112,123118,123124,123133,123137],{},[249,123101,123102],{},[294,123103,123104,3554],{"href":46487},[33,123105,46490],{},[249,123107,123108],{},[294,123109,123110,3554],{"href":2350},[33,123111,2353],{},[249,123113,123114],{},[294,123115,123116,3554],{"href":2924},[33,123117,2927],{},[249,123119,123120],{},[294,123121,123122,3554],{"href":2930},[33,123123,2933],{},[249,123125,123126],{},[294,123127,123129,123130,123132],{"href":123128},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[33,123131,2237],{}," to string in Python",[249,123134,123135],{},[294,123136,90717],{"href":89726},[249,123138,123139],{},[294,123140,30381,123141],{"href":90439},[33,123142,90440],{},[1962,123144,123145],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":123147},[123148,123149,123151,123152,123158,123160,123162,123164,123173,123174,123175,123176,123188],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":121566,"depth":72,"text":123150},"What str() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":121733,"depth":72,"text":121734,"children":123153},[123154,123155,123156,123157],{"id":121737,"depth":118,"text":121738},{"id":121823,"depth":118,"text":121824},{"id":121910,"depth":118,"text":121911},{"id":121996,"depth":118,"text":121997},{"id":122112,"depth":72,"text":123159},"When to use str()",{"id":122243,"depth":72,"text":123161},"str() vs print()",{"id":122412,"depth":72,"text":123163},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4556,"depth":72,"text":4557,"children":123165},[123166,123168,123169,123171],{"id":122450,"depth":118,"text":123167},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122585,"depth":118,"text":122586},{"id":122647,"depth":118,"text":123170},"Using str() too early",{"id":122705,"depth":118,"text":123172},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17448,"depth":72,"text":17449},{"id":113574,"depth":72,"text":113575},{"id":122946,"depth":72,"text":122947},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":123177},[123178,123180,123182,123184,123186],{"id":123048,"depth":118,"text":123179},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123056,"depth":118,"text":123181},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123065,"depth":118,"text":123183},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123074,"depth":118,"text":123185},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123083,"depth":118,"text":123187},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42213,"description":123189},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123196,"title":123197,"body":123198,"description":124651,"extension":2009,"meta":124652,"navigation":134,"path":124653,"seo":124654,"stem":124655,"__hash__":124656},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123199,"toc":124613},[123200,123206,123212,123215,123237,123239,123301,123303,123316,123322,123327,123332,123334,123347,123358,123360,123387,123389,123406,123413,123424,123426,123431,123433,123445,123453,123462,123464,123467,123520,123522,123530,123538,123542,123547,123587,123589,123597,123600,123602,123642,123644,123652,123662,123668,123671,123744,123746,123759,123763,123768,123796,123799,123834,123836,123844,123847,123851,123855,123857,123873,123875,123915,123917,123925,123934,123977,123979,123987,123989,123993,123999,124002,124042,124044,124052,124057,124060,124103,124107,124110,124145,124150,124152,124191,124201,124209,124219,124227,124231,124236,124238,124279,124281,124289,124294,124297,124300,124318,124324,124328,124333,124336,124376,124378,124383,124482,124485,124501,124503,124522,124524,124531,124534,124540,124543,124549,124553,124559,124562,124568,124571,124573,124610],[10,123201,123203,123204,11352],{"id":123202},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[33,123205,57328],{},[14,123207,123208,123209,123211],{},"The Python string ",[33,123210,57328],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[14,123213,123214],{},"This reference page explains:",[246,123216,123217,123221,123224,123226,123234],{},[249,123218,26053,123219,3723],{},[33,123220,57328],{},[249,123222,123223],{},"its syntax",[249,123225,35430],{},[249,123227,123228,123229,482,123231,123233],{},"how ",[33,123230,36109],{},[33,123232,52699],{}," work",[249,123235,123236],{},"common beginner mistakes",[21,123238,2051],{"id":2050},[26,123240,123242],{"className":28,"code":123241,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[33,123243,123244,123256,123278],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,123245,123246,123248,123250,123252,123254],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,123247,34722],{"class":42},[36,123249,47],{"class":46},[36,123251,99],{"class":87},[36,123253,102],{"class":91},[36,123255,3403],{"class":87},[36,123257,123258,123260,123262,123264,123266,123268,123270,123272,123274,123276],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,123259,142],{"class":141},[36,123261,145],{"class":50},[36,123263,34743],{"class":148},[36,123265,303],{"class":50},[36,123267,41296],{"class":148},[36,123269,145],{"class":50},[36,123271,88],{"class":87},[36,123273,294],{"class":91},[36,123275,88],{"class":87},[36,123277,445],{"class":50},[36,123279,123280,123282,123284,123286,123288,123290,123292,123294,123297,123299],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,123281,142],{"class":141},[36,123283,145],{"class":50},[36,123285,34743],{"class":148},[36,123287,303],{"class":50},[36,123289,41296],{"class":148},[36,123291,145],{"class":50},[36,123293,88],{"class":87},[36,123295,123296],{"class":91},"na",[36,123298,88],{"class":87},[36,123300,445],{"class":50},[14,123302,182],{},[26,123304,123306],{"className":28,"code":123305,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"3\n2\n",[33,123307,123308,123312],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,123309,123310],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,123311,475],{"class":54},[36,123313,123314],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,123315,17086],{"class":54},[14,123317,495,123318,123321],{},[33,123319,123320],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[21,123323,13028,123325,13031],{"id":123324},"what-the-count-method-does",[33,123326,57328],{},[14,123328,123329,123331],{},[33,123330,57328],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[14,123333,13084],{},[246,123335,123336,123339,123342,123344],{},[249,123337,123338],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[249,123340,123341],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[249,123343,43696],{},[249,123345,123346],{},"It does not change the original string",[14,123348,123349,123350,123352,123353,2238,123355,123357],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[33,123351,18127],{}," characters are in ",[33,123354,65310],{},[33,123356,57328],{}," is a simple choice.",[21,123359,2205],{"id":2204},[26,123361,123363],{"className":28,"code":123362,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[33,123364,123365],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,123366,123367,123369,123371,123373,123375,123377,123379,123381,123383,123385],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,123368,61209],{"class":42},[36,123370,303],{"class":50},[36,123372,41296],{"class":148},[36,123374,145],{"class":50},[36,123376,1495],{"class":148},[36,123378,58],{"class":50},[36,123380,36088],{"class":148},[36,123382,58],{"class":50},[36,123384,65076],{"class":148},[36,123386,152],{"class":50},[376,123388,17425],{"id":17424},[246,123390,123391,123396,123401],{},[249,123392,123393,123395],{},[33,123394,1495],{},": the text to search for",[249,123397,123398,123400],{},[33,123399,36109],{},": optional; where counting begins",[249,123402,123403,123405],{},[33,123404,52699],{},": optional; where counting stops",[14,123407,123408,482,123410,123412],{},[33,123409,36109],{},[33,123411,52699],{}," work like slice positions:",[246,123414,123415,123420],{},[249,123416,123417,123419],{},[33,123418,36109],{}," is included",[249,123421,123422,75775],{},[33,123423,52699],{},[21,123425,17449],{"id":17448},[14,123427,123428,123430],{},[33,123429,57328],{}," returns a whole number.",[14,123432,2172],{},[246,123434,123435,123440],{},[249,123436,123437,123438],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[33,123439,485],{},[249,123441,123442,123443],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[33,123444,2166],{},[14,123446,40942,123447,5201,123449,298,123451,303],{},[180,123448,870],{},[33,123450,3649],{},[33,123452,3716],{},[14,123454,123455,123456,123461],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[294,123457,123459,101449],{"href":123458},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[33,123460,3924],{}," is often a better fit.",[21,123463,11505],{"id":11504},[14,123465,123466],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[26,123468,123470],{"className":28,"code":123469,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,123471,123472,123484,123506,123510],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,123473,123474,123476,123478,123480,123482],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,123475,34722],{"class":42},[36,123477,47],{"class":46},[36,123479,99],{"class":87},[36,123481,92],{"class":91},[36,123483,3403],{"class":87},[36,123485,123486,123488,123490,123492,123494,123496,123498,123500,123502,123504],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,123487,2280],{"class":42},[36,123489,47],{"class":46},[36,123491,42879],{"class":42},[36,123493,303],{"class":50},[36,123495,41296],{"class":148},[36,123497,145],{"class":50},[36,123499,88],{"class":87},[36,123501,14],{"class":91},[36,123503,88],{"class":87},[36,123505,152],{"class":50},[36,123507,123508],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,123509,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,123511,123512,123514,123516,123518],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,123513,142],{"class":141},[36,123515,145],{"class":50},[36,123517,2315],{"class":148},[36,123519,152],{"class":50},[14,123521,182],{},[26,123523,123524],{"className":28,"code":17086,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,123525,123526],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,123527,123528],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,123529,17086],{"class":54},[14,123531,63855,123532,123535,123536,303],{},[33,123533,123534],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[33,123537,57871],{},[21,123539,123541],{"id":123540},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[14,123543,123544,123546],{},[33,123545,57328],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[26,123548,123550],{"className":28,"code":123549,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[33,123551,123552,123565],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,123553,123554,123556,123558,123560,123563],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,123555,34722],{"class":42},[36,123557,47],{"class":46},[36,123559,99],{"class":87},[36,123561,123562],{"class":91},"cat dog cat bird cat",[36,123564,3403],{"class":87},[36,123566,123567,123569,123571,123573,123575,123577,123579,123581,123583,123585],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,123568,142],{"class":141},[36,123570,145],{"class":50},[36,123572,34743],{"class":148},[36,123574,303],{"class":50},[36,123576,41296],{"class":148},[36,123578,145],{"class":50},[36,123580,88],{"class":87},[36,123582,37082],{"class":91},[36,123584,88],{"class":87},[36,123586,445],{"class":50},[14,123588,182],{},[26,123590,123591],{"className":28,"code":475,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,123592,123593],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,123594,123595],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,123596,475],{"class":54},[14,123598,123599],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[14,123601,2257],{},[26,123603,123605],{"className":28,"code":123604,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[33,123606,123607,123620],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,123608,123609,123611,123613,123615,123618],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,123610,34722],{"class":42},[36,123612,47],{"class":46},[36,123614,99],{"class":87},[36,123616,123617],{"class":91},"one One one",[36,123619,3403],{"class":87},[36,123621,123622,123624,123626,123628,123630,123632,123634,123636,123638,123640],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,123623,142],{"class":141},[36,123625,145],{"class":50},[36,123627,34743],{"class":148},[36,123629,303],{"class":50},[36,123631,41296],{"class":148},[36,123633,145],{"class":50},[36,123635,88],{"class":87},[36,123637,6625],{"class":91},[36,123639,88],{"class":87},[36,123641,445],{"class":50},[14,123643,182],{},[26,123645,123646],{"className":28,"code":17086,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,123647,123648],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,123649,123650],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,123651,17086],{"class":54},[14,123653,123654,123655,123658,123659,123661],{},"The uppercase ",[33,123656,123657],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[33,123660,57328],{}," is case-sensitive.",[21,123663,1462,123664,482,123666],{"id":65442},[33,123665,36109],{},[33,123667,52699],{},[14,123669,123670],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[26,123672,123674],{"className":28,"code":123673,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[33,123675,123676,123688,123714],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,123677,123678,123680,123682,123684,123686],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,123679,34722],{"class":42},[36,123681,47],{"class":46},[36,123683,99],{"class":87},[36,123685,102],{"class":91},[36,123687,3403],{"class":87},[36,123689,123690,123692,123694,123696,123698,123700,123702,123704,123706,123708,123710,123712],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,123691,142],{"class":141},[36,123693,145],{"class":50},[36,123695,34743],{"class":148},[36,123697,303],{"class":50},[36,123699,41296],{"class":148},[36,123701,145],{"class":50},[36,123703,88],{"class":87},[36,123705,294],{"class":91},[36,123707,88],{"class":87},[36,123709,58],{"class":50},[36,123711,61],{"class":54},[36,123713,445],{"class":50},[36,123715,123716,123718,123720,123722,123724,123726,123728,123730,123732,123734,123736,123738,123740,123742],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,123717,142],{"class":141},[36,123719,145],{"class":50},[36,123721,34743],{"class":148},[36,123723,303],{"class":50},[36,123725,41296],{"class":148},[36,123727,145],{"class":50},[36,123729,88],{"class":87},[36,123731,294],{"class":91},[36,123733,88],{"class":87},[36,123735,58],{"class":50},[36,123737,61],{"class":54},[36,123739,58],{"class":50},[36,123741,4644],{"class":54},[36,123743,445],{"class":50},[14,123745,182],{},[26,123747,123749],{"className":28,"code":123748,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"2\n1\n",[33,123750,123751,123755],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,123752,123753],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,123754,17086],{"class":54},[36,123756,123757],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,123758,46954],{"class":54},[376,123760,123762],{"id":123761},"how-this-works","How this works",[14,123764,123765,123766,1213],{},"In ",[33,123767,65310],{},[246,123769,123770,123778,123786],{},[249,123771,71001,123772,123774,123775],{},[33,123773,481],{}," starts at the first ",[33,123776,123777],{},"\"n\"",[249,123779,123780,123783,123784,76073],{},[33,123781,123782],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[33,123785,481],{},[249,123787,123788,123783,123791,123793,123794],{},[33,123789,123790],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[33,123792,481],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[33,123795,2183],{},[14,123797,123798],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[26,123800,123802],{"className":28,"code":123801,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[33,123803,123804,123816],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,123805,123806,123808,123810,123812,123814],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,123807,34722],{"class":42},[36,123809,47],{"class":46},[36,123811,99],{"class":87},[36,123813,102],{"class":91},[36,123815,3403],{"class":87},[36,123817,123818,123820,123822,123824,123826,123828,123830,123832],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,123819,142],{"class":141},[36,123821,145],{"class":50},[36,123823,34743],{"class":148},[36,123825,3941],{"class":50},[36,123827,481],{"class":54},[36,123829,1213],{"class":50},[36,123831,2183],{"class":54},[36,123833,115],{"class":50},[14,123835,182],{},[26,123837,123838],{"className":28,"code":41505,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,123839,123840],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,123841,123842],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,123843,41505],{"class":42},[14,123845,123846],{},"Only that section is searched.",[21,123848,123850],{"id":123849},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[14,123852,123853,123661],{},[33,123854,57328],{},[14,123856,2153],{},[246,123858,123859,123867],{},[249,123860,123861,482,123863,123866],{},[33,123862,18127],{},[33,123864,123865],{},"\"A\""," are different",[249,123868,123869,482,123871,123866],{},[33,123870,64570],{},[33,123872,90452],{},[14,123874,2257],{},[26,123876,123878],{"className":28,"code":123877,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[33,123879,123880,123893],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,123881,123882,123884,123886,123888,123891],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,123883,34722],{"class":42},[36,123885,47],{"class":46},[36,123887,99],{"class":87},[36,123889,123890],{"class":91},"Apple apple APPLE",[36,123892,3403],{"class":87},[36,123894,123895,123897,123899,123901,123903,123905,123907,123909,123911,123913],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,123896,142],{"class":141},[36,123898,145],{"class":50},[36,123900,34743],{"class":148},[36,123902,303],{"class":50},[36,123904,41296],{"class":148},[36,123906,145],{"class":50},[36,123908,88],{"class":87},[36,123910,92],{"class":91},[36,123912,88],{"class":87},[36,123914,445],{"class":50},[14,123916,182],{},[26,123918,123919],{"className":28,"code":46954,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,123920,123921],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,123922,123923],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,123924,46954],{"class":54},[14,123926,123927,123928,1213],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[294,123929,123931],{"href":123930},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[33,123932,123933],{},"lower()",[26,123935,123937],{"className":28,"code":123936,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[33,123938,123939,123951],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,123940,123941,123943,123945,123947,123949],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,123942,34722],{"class":42},[36,123944,47],{"class":46},[36,123946,99],{"class":87},[36,123948,123890],{"class":91},[36,123950,3403],{"class":87},[36,123952,123953,123955,123957,123959,123961,123963,123965,123967,123969,123971,123973,123975],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,123954,142],{"class":141},[36,123956,145],{"class":50},[36,123958,34743],{"class":148},[36,123960,303],{"class":50},[36,123962,8677],{"class":148},[36,123964,8674],{"class":50},[36,123966,41296],{"class":148},[36,123968,145],{"class":50},[36,123970,88],{"class":87},[36,123972,92],{"class":91},[36,123974,88],{"class":87},[36,123976,445],{"class":50},[14,123978,182],{},[26,123980,123981],{"className":28,"code":475,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,123982,123983],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,123984,123985],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,123986,475],{"class":54},[21,123988,1455],{"id":1454},[14,123990,23127,123991,303],{},[33,123992,57328],{},[376,123994,8489,123996,123998],{"id":123995},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[33,123997,57328],{}," to ignore case automatically",[14,124000,124001],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[26,124003,124005],{"className":28,"code":124004,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[33,124006,124007,124020],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,124008,124009,124011,124013,124015,124018],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,124010,34722],{"class":42},[36,124012,47],{"class":46},[36,124014,99],{"class":87},[36,124016,124017],{"class":91},"Aardvark",[36,124019,3403],{"class":87},[36,124021,124022,124024,124026,124028,124030,124032,124034,124036,124038,124040],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,124023,142],{"class":141},[36,124025,145],{"class":50},[36,124027,34743],{"class":148},[36,124029,303],{"class":50},[36,124031,41296],{"class":148},[36,124033,145],{"class":50},[36,124035,88],{"class":87},[36,124037,294],{"class":91},[36,124039,88],{"class":87},[36,124041,445],{"class":50},[14,124043,182],{},[26,124045,124046],{"className":28,"code":17086,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,124047,124048],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,124049,124050],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,124051,17086],{"class":54},[14,124053,123654,124054,124056],{},[33,124055,123865],{}," at the start is not counted.",[14,124058,124059],{},"If needed, convert first:",[26,124061,124063],{"className":28,"code":124062,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[33,124064,124065,124077],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,124066,124067,124069,124071,124073,124075],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,124068,34722],{"class":42},[36,124070,47],{"class":46},[36,124072,99],{"class":87},[36,124074,124017],{"class":91},[36,124076,3403],{"class":87},[36,124078,124079,124081,124083,124085,124087,124089,124091,124093,124095,124097,124099,124101],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,124080,142],{"class":141},[36,124082,145],{"class":50},[36,124084,34743],{"class":148},[36,124086,303],{"class":50},[36,124088,8677],{"class":148},[36,124090,8674],{"class":50},[36,124092,41296],{"class":148},[36,124094,145],{"class":50},[36,124096,88],{"class":87},[36,124098,294],{"class":91},[36,124100,88],{"class":87},[36,124102,445],{"class":50},[376,124104,124106],{"id":124105},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[14,124108,124109],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[26,124111,124113],{"className":28,"code":124112,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[33,124114,124115,124127],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,124116,124117,124119,124121,124123,124125],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,124118,34722],{"class":42},[36,124120,47],{"class":46},[36,124122,99],{"class":87},[36,124124,102],{"class":91},[36,124126,3403],{"class":87},[36,124128,124129,124131,124133,124135,124137,124139,124141,124143],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,124130,142],{"class":141},[36,124132,145],{"class":50},[36,124134,34743],{"class":148},[36,124136,303],{"class":50},[36,124138,41296],{"class":148},[36,124140,145],{"class":50},[36,124142,294],{"class":148},[36,124144,445],{"class":50},[14,124146,124147,124148,303],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[33,124149,294],{},[14,124151,10837],{},[26,124153,124155],{"className":28,"code":124154,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[33,124156,124157,124169],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,124158,124159,124161,124163,124165,124167],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,124160,34722],{"class":42},[36,124162,47],{"class":46},[36,124164,99],{"class":87},[36,124166,102],{"class":91},[36,124168,3403],{"class":87},[36,124170,124171,124173,124175,124177,124179,124181,124183,124185,124187,124189],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,124172,142],{"class":141},[36,124174,145],{"class":50},[36,124176,34743],{"class":148},[36,124178,303],{"class":50},[36,124180,41296],{"class":148},[36,124182,145],{"class":50},[36,124184,88],{"class":87},[36,124186,294],{"class":91},[36,124188,88],{"class":87},[36,124190,445],{"class":50},[376,124192,37239,124194,8741,124196,298,124199],{"id":124193},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[33,124195,57328],{},[33,124197,124198],{},"find()",[33,124200,59006],{},[14,124202,495,124203,124205,124206,303],{},[33,124204,57328],{}," when you need the ",[180,124207,124208],{},"number of matches",[14,124210,495,124211,124205,124216,124218],{},[294,124212,124214],{"href":124213},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[33,124215,124198],{},[180,124217,64982],{}," of the first match.",[14,124220,495,124221,124226],{},[294,124222,124224],{"href":124223},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[33,124225,59006],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[376,124228,124230],{"id":124229},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[14,124232,124233,124235],{},[33,124234,57328],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[14,124237,2257],{},[26,124239,124241],{"className":28,"code":124240,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[33,124242,124243,124256],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,124244,124245,124247,124249,124251,124254],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,124246,34722],{"class":42},[36,124248,47],{"class":46},[36,124250,99],{"class":87},[36,124252,124253],{"class":91},"aaaa",[36,124255,3403],{"class":87},[36,124257,124258,124260,124262,124264,124266,124268,124270,124272,124275,124277],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,124259,142],{"class":141},[36,124261,145],{"class":50},[36,124263,34743],{"class":148},[36,124265,303],{"class":50},[36,124267,41296],{"class":148},[36,124269,145],{"class":50},[36,124271,88],{"class":87},[36,124273,124274],{"class":91},"aa",[36,124276,88],{"class":87},[36,124278,445],{"class":50},[14,124280,182],{},[26,124282,124283],{"className":28,"code":17086,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,124284,124285],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,124286,124287],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,124288,17086],{"class":54},[14,124290,124291,124292,303],{},"It does not return ",[33,124293,485],{},[14,124295,124296],{},"Why not?",[14,124298,124299],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[246,124301,124302,124311],{},[249,124303,124304,124307,124308],{},[33,124305,124306],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[33,124309,124310],{},"0-1",[249,124312,124313,124307,124315],{},[33,124314,124306],{},[33,124316,124317],{},"2-3",[14,124319,124320,124321,303],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[33,124322,124323],{},"1-2",[21,124325,5000,124326],{"id":58411},[33,124327,57328],{},[14,124329,495,124330,124332],{},[33,124331,57328],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[14,124334,124335],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[246,124337,124338,124347,124357,124367],{},[249,124339,495,124340,124342,124343,124346],{},[33,124341,57328],{}," when you need ",[180,124344,124345],{},"how many times"," something appears",[249,124348,495,124349,124342,124353,124356],{},[294,124350,124351],{"href":124213},[33,124352,124198],{},[180,124354,124355],{},"where"," it appears",[249,124358,47848,124359,124363,124364],{},[294,124360,124361,101449],{"href":123458},[33,124362,3924],{}," when you only need to know ",[180,124365,124366],{},"if it exists",[249,124368,495,124369,124375],{},[294,124370,124372],{"href":124371},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[33,124373,124374],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[21,124377,25976],{"id":25975},[14,124379,8909,124380,124382],{},[33,124381,57328],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[26,124384,124386],{"className":28,"code":124385,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[33,124387,124388,124398,124412,124434,124460],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,124389,124390,124392,124394,124396],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,124391,142],{"class":141},[36,124393,145],{"class":50},[36,124395,34743],{"class":148},[36,124397,152],{"class":50},[36,124399,124400,124402,124404,124406,124408,124410],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,124401,142],{"class":141},[36,124403,145],{"class":50},[36,124405,818],{"class":80},[36,124407,145],{"class":50},[36,124409,34743],{"class":148},[36,124411,445],{"class":50},[36,124413,124414,124416,124418,124420,124422,124424,124426,124428,124430,124432],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,124415,142],{"class":141},[36,124417,145],{"class":50},[36,124419,34743],{"class":148},[36,124421,303],{"class":50},[36,124423,41296],{"class":148},[36,124425,145],{"class":50},[36,124427,88],{"class":87},[36,124429,294],{"class":91},[36,124431,88],{"class":87},[36,124433,445],{"class":50},[36,124435,124436,124438,124440,124442,124444,124446,124448,124450,124452,124454,124456,124458],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,124437,142],{"class":141},[36,124439,145],{"class":50},[36,124441,34743],{"class":148},[36,124443,303],{"class":50},[36,124445,8677],{"class":148},[36,124447,8674],{"class":50},[36,124449,41296],{"class":148},[36,124451,145],{"class":50},[36,124453,88],{"class":87},[36,124455,294],{"class":91},[36,124457,88],{"class":87},[36,124459,445],{"class":50},[36,124461,124462,124464,124466,124468,124470,124472,124474,124476,124478,124480],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,124463,142],{"class":141},[36,124465,145],{"class":50},[36,124467,34743],{"class":148},[36,124469,303],{"class":50},[36,124471,41296],{"class":148},[36,124473,145],{"class":50},[36,124475,88],{"class":87},[36,124477,123296],{"class":91},[36,124479,88],{"class":87},[36,124481,445],{"class":50},[14,124483,124484],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[246,124486,124487,124490,124495,124498],{},[249,124488,124489],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[249,124491,124492,124494],{},[33,124493,34743],{}," not being a string",[249,124496,124497],{},"counting the wrong substring",[249,124499,124500],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[14,124502,58900],{},[246,124504,124505,124508,124511,124514],{},[249,124506,124507],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[249,124509,124510],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[249,124512,124513],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[249,124515,50530,124516,44667,124518,298,124520,73345],{},[33,124517,57328],{},[33,124519,124198],{},[33,124521,3924],{},[21,124523,1872],{"id":1871},[376,124525,124527,124528,124530],{"id":124526},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[33,124529,57328],{}," change the original string?",[14,124532,124533],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[376,124535,14936,124537,124539],{"id":124536},"is-count-case-sensitive",[33,124538,57328],{}," case-sensitive?",[14,124541,124542],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[376,124544,5182,124546,124548],{"id":124545},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[33,124547,57328],{}," return if nothing is found?",[14,124550,5188,124551,303],{},[33,124552,2166],{},[376,124554,5210,124556,124558],{"id":124555},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[33,124557,57328],{}," count words instead of letters?",[14,124560,124561],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[376,124563,12735,124565,124567],{"id":124564},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[33,124566,57328],{}," count overlapping matches?",[14,124569,124570],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[21,124572,1923],{"id":1922},[246,124574,124575,124582,124589,124596,124603],{},[249,124576,124577],{},[294,124578,124579],{"href":124213},[33,124580,124581],{},"Python string find() method",[249,124583,124584],{},[294,124585,124586],{"href":124223},[33,124587,124588],{},"Python string index() method",[249,124590,124591],{},[294,124592,124593],{"href":123930},[33,124594,124595],{},"Python string lower() method",[249,124597,124598],{},[294,124599,124600],{"href":123458},[33,124601,124602],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[249,124604,124605],{},[294,124606,124607],{"href":124371},[33,124608,124609],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1962,124611,124612],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":124614},[124615,124616,124618,124621,124622,124623,124624,124627,124628,124636,124637,124638,124650],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":123324,"depth":72,"text":124617},"What the count() method does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205,"children":124619},[124620],{"id":17424,"depth":118,"text":17425},{"id":17448,"depth":72,"text":17449},{"id":11504,"depth":72,"text":11505},{"id":123540,"depth":72,"text":123541},{"id":65442,"depth":72,"text":66225,"children":124625},[124626],{"id":123761,"depth":118,"text":123762},{"id":123849,"depth":72,"text":123850},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455,"children":124629},[124630,124632,124633,124635],{"id":123995,"depth":118,"text":124631},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124105,"depth":118,"text":124106},{"id":124193,"depth":118,"text":124634},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124229,"depth":118,"text":124230},{"id":58411,"depth":72,"text":59042},{"id":25975,"depth":72,"text":25976},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":124639},[124640,124642,124644,124646,124648],{"id":124526,"depth":118,"text":124641},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124536,"depth":118,"text":124643},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124545,"depth":118,"text":124645},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124555,"depth":118,"text":124647},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124564,"depth":118,"text":124649},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123197,"description":124651},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124658,"title":124659,"body":124660,"description":126245,"extension":2009,"meta":126246,"navigation":134,"path":126247,"seo":126248,"stem":126249,"__hash__":126250},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124661,"toc":126218},[124662,124665,124668,124765,124774,124776,124795,124799,124802,124805,124818,124821,124850,124855,124860,124918,124920,124953,124959,124963,124966,124969,124998,125001,125028,125031,125034,125038,125041,125048,125111,125113,125131,125134,125138,125141,125144,125186,125189,125233,125236,125239,125243,125248,125251,125294,125296,125319,125322,125355,125358,125407,125417,125421,125424,125427,125456,125459,125470,125472,125531,125534,125538,125541,125544,125559,125568,125571,125605,125608,125635,125638,125645,125647,125650,125652,125655,125669,125678,125680,125707,125711,125714,125728,125731,125790,125794,125797,125824,125827,125854,125862,125865,125925,125927,125960,125964,125967,125986,125991,126040,126045,126047,126050,126109,126127,126129,126133,126141,126145,126148,126152,126158,126162,126172,126176,126179,126181,126215],[10,124663,124659],{"id":124664},"python-string-creating-a-string",[14,124666,124667],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[26,124669,124671],{"className":28,"code":124670,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[33,124672,124673,124685,124697,124706,124720,124724,124734,124744,124755],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,124674,124675,124677,124679,124681,124683],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,124676,7912],{"class":42},[36,124678,47],{"class":46},[36,124680,99],{"class":87},[36,124682,5043],{"class":91},[36,124684,3403],{"class":87},[36,124686,124687,124689,124691,124693,124695],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,124688,90041],{"class":42},[36,124690,47],{"class":46},[36,124692,220],{"class":87},[36,124694,34902],{"class":91},[36,124696,1228],{"class":87},[36,124698,124699,124702,124704],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,124700,124701],{"class":42},"empty ",[36,124703,47],{"class":46},[36,124705,7917],{"class":87},[36,124707,124708,124710,124712,124714,124716,124718],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,124709,34722],{"class":42},[36,124711,47],{"class":46},[36,124713,48942],{"class":80},[36,124715,145],{"class":50},[36,124717,50284],{"class":54},[36,124719,152],{"class":50},[36,124721,124722],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,124723,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,124725,124726,124728,124730,124732],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,124727,142],{"class":141},[36,124729,145],{"class":50},[36,124731,1250],{"class":148},[36,124733,152],{"class":50},[36,124735,124736,124738,124740,124742],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,124737,142],{"class":141},[36,124739,145],{"class":50},[36,124741,90058],{"class":148},[36,124743,152],{"class":50},[36,124745,124746,124748,124750,124753],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,124747,142],{"class":141},[36,124749,145],{"class":50},[36,124751,124752],{"class":148},"empty",[36,124754,152],{"class":50},[36,124756,124757,124759,124761,124763],{"class":38,"line":6471},[36,124758,142],{"class":141},[36,124760,145],{"class":50},[36,124762,34743],{"class":148},[36,124764,152],{"class":50},[14,124766,124767,124770,124771,124773],{},[180,124768,124769],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[33,124772,47721],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[21,124775,244],{"id":243},[246,124777,124778,124781,124784,124787,124792],{},[249,124779,124780],{},"What a string is in Python",[249,124782,124783],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[249,124785,124786],{},"How to create an empty string",[249,124788,124789,124790],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[33,124791,47721],{},[249,124793,124794],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[21,124796,124798],{"id":124797},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[14,124800,124801],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[14,124803,124804],{},"Strings can contain:",[246,124806,124807,124810,124812,124815],{},[249,124808,124809],{},"Letters",[249,124811,1096],{},[249,124813,124814],{},"Spaces",[249,124816,124817],{},"Symbols",[14,124819,124820],{},"Examples of strings:",[26,124822,124824],{"className":28,"code":124823,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[33,124825,124826,124834,124842],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,124827,124828,124830,124832],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,124829,88],{"class":43366},[36,124831,708],{"class":43370},[36,124833,3403],{"class":43366},[36,124835,124836,124838,124840],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,124837,88],{"class":43366},[36,124839,50284],{"class":43370},[36,124841,3403],{"class":43366},[36,124843,124844,124846,124848],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,124845,88],{"class":43366},[36,124847,89183],{"class":43370},[36,124849,3403],{"class":43366},[14,124851,478,124852,124854],{},[33,124853,50334],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[14,124856,124857,124858,1213],{},"You can check the type with ",[33,124859,2353],{},[26,124861,124863],{"className":28,"code":124862,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[33,124864,124865,124877,124886,124890,124904],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,124866,124867,124869,124871,124873,124875],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,124868,34722],{"class":42},[36,124870,47],{"class":46},[36,124872,99],{"class":87},[36,124874,50284],{"class":91},[36,124876,3403],{"class":87},[36,124878,124879,124881,124883],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,124880,2267],{"class":42},[36,124882,47],{"class":46},[36,124884,124885],{"class":54}," 123\n",[36,124887,124888],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,124889,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,124891,124892,124894,124896,124898,124900,124902],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,124893,142],{"class":141},[36,124895,145],{"class":50},[36,124897,818],{"class":80},[36,124899,145],{"class":50},[36,124901,34743],{"class":148},[36,124903,445],{"class":50},[36,124905,124906,124908,124910,124912,124914,124916],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,124907,142],{"class":141},[36,124909,145],{"class":50},[36,124911,818],{"class":80},[36,124913,145],{"class":50},[36,124915,2290],{"class":148},[36,124917,445],{"class":50},[14,124919,182],{},[26,124921,124923],{"className":28,"code":124922,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[33,124924,124925,124939],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,124926,124927,124929,124931,124933,124935,124937],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,124928,844],{"class":46},[36,124930,848],{"class":847},[36,124932,220],{"class":87},[36,124934,3488],{"class":91},[36,124936,211],{"class":87},[36,124938,857],{"class":46},[36,124940,124941,124943,124945,124947,124949,124951],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,124942,844],{"class":46},[36,124944,848],{"class":847},[36,124946,220],{"class":87},[36,124948,2237],{"class":91},[36,124950,211],{"class":87},[36,124952,857],{"class":46},[14,124954,124955,124956,303],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[294,124957,124958],{"href":51014},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[21,124960,124962],{"id":124961},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[14,124964,124965],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[14,124967,124968],{},"You can use single quotes:",[26,124970,124972],{"className":28,"code":124971,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[33,124973,124974,124987],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,124975,124976,124979,124981,124983,124985],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,124977,124978],{"class":42},"greeting ",[36,124980,47],{"class":46},[36,124982,220],{"class":87},[36,124984,708],{"class":91},[36,124986,1228],{"class":87},[36,124988,124989,124991,124993,124996],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,124990,142],{"class":141},[36,124992,145],{"class":50},[36,124994,124995],{"class":148},"greeting",[36,124997,152],{"class":50},[14,124999,125000],{},"Or double quotes:",[26,125002,125004],{"className":28,"code":125003,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[33,125005,125006,125018],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,125007,125008,125010,125012,125014,125016],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,125009,124978],{"class":42},[36,125011,47],{"class":46},[36,125013,99],{"class":87},[36,125015,708],{"class":91},[36,125017,3403],{"class":87},[36,125019,125020,125022,125024,125026],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,125021,142],{"class":141},[36,125023,145],{"class":50},[36,125025,124995],{"class":148},[36,125027,152],{"class":50},[14,125029,125030],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[14,125032,125033],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[21,125035,125037],{"id":125036},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[14,125039,125040],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[14,125042,125043,125044,298,125046,1213],{},"Use either ",[33,125045,6312],{},[33,125047,3817],{},[26,125049,125051],{"className":28,"code":125050,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[33,125052,125053,125062,125071,125075,125086,125097],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,125054,125055,125058,125060],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,125056,125057],{"class":42},"empty1 ",[36,125059,47],{"class":46},[36,125061,7917],{"class":87},[36,125063,125064,125067,125069],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,125065,125066],{"class":42},"empty2 ",[36,125068,47],{"class":46},[36,125070,47533],{"class":87},[36,125072,125073],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,125074,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,125076,125077,125079,125081,125084],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,125078,142],{"class":141},[36,125080,145],{"class":50},[36,125082,125083],{"class":148},"empty1",[36,125085,152],{"class":50},[36,125087,125088,125090,125092,125095],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,125089,142],{"class":141},[36,125091,145],{"class":50},[36,125093,125094],{"class":148},"empty2",[36,125096,152],{"class":50},[36,125098,125099,125101,125103,125105,125107,125109],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,125100,142],{"class":141},[36,125102,145],{"class":50},[36,125104,818],{"class":80},[36,125106,145],{"class":50},[36,125108,125083],{"class":148},[36,125110,445],{"class":50},[14,125112,182],{},[26,125114,125115],{"className":28,"code":45808,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,125116,125117],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,125118,125119,125121,125123,125125,125127,125129],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,125120,844],{"class":46},[36,125122,848],{"class":847},[36,125124,220],{"class":87},[36,125126,3488],{"class":91},[36,125128,211],{"class":87},[36,125130,857],{"class":46},[14,125132,125133],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[21,125135,125137],{"id":125136},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[14,125139,125140],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[14,125142,125143],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[26,125145,125147],{"className":28,"code":125146,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[33,125148,125149,125160,125165,125172,125176],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,125150,125151,125153,125155,125158],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,125152,90041],{"class":42},[36,125154,47],{"class":46},[36,125156,125157],{"class":87}," \"\"\"",[36,125159,88983],{"class":91},[36,125161,125162],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,125163,125164],{"class":91},"Welcome to Python\n",[36,125166,125167,125170],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,125168,125169],{"class":91},"Have a nice day",[36,125171,43374],{"class":87},[36,125173,125174],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,125175,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,125177,125178,125180,125182,125184],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,125179,142],{"class":141},[36,125181,145],{"class":50},[36,125183,90058],{"class":148},[36,125185,152],{"class":50},[14,125187,125188],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[26,125190,125192],{"className":28,"code":125191,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[33,125193,125194,125206,125211,125219,125223],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,125195,125196,125198,125200,125203],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,125197,90041],{"class":42},[36,125199,47],{"class":46},[36,125201,125202],{"class":87}," '''",[36,125204,125205],{"class":91},"Line 1\n",[36,125207,125208],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,125209,125210],{"class":91},"Line 2\n",[36,125212,125213,125216],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,125214,125215],{"class":91},"Line 3",[36,125217,125218],{"class":87},"'''\n",[36,125220,125221],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,125222,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,125224,125225,125227,125229,125231],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,125226,142],{"class":141},[36,125228,145],{"class":50},[36,125230,90058],{"class":148},[36,125232,152],{"class":50},[14,125234,125235],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[14,125237,125238],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[21,125240,125242],{"id":125241},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[14,125244,2026,125245,125247],{},[33,125246,47721],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[14,125249,125250],{},"Example with a number:",[26,125252,125254],{"className":28,"code":125253,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[33,125255,125256,125270,125280],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,125257,125258,125260,125262,125264,125266,125268],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,125259,34722],{"class":42},[36,125261,47],{"class":46},[36,125263,48942],{"class":80},[36,125265,145],{"class":50},[36,125267,46564],{"class":54},[36,125269,152],{"class":50},[36,125271,125272,125274,125276,125278],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,125273,142],{"class":141},[36,125275,145],{"class":50},[36,125277,34743],{"class":148},[36,125279,152],{"class":50},[36,125281,125282,125284,125286,125288,125290,125292],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,125283,142],{"class":141},[36,125285,145],{"class":50},[36,125287,818],{"class":80},[36,125289,145],{"class":50},[36,125291,34743],{"class":148},[36,125293,445],{"class":50},[14,125295,182],{},[26,125297,125299],{"className":28,"code":125298,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[33,125300,125301,125305],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,125302,125303],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,125304,46650],{"class":54},[36,125306,125307,125309,125311,125313,125315,125317],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,125308,844],{"class":46},[36,125310,848],{"class":847},[36,125312,220],{"class":87},[36,125314,3488],{"class":91},[36,125316,211],{"class":87},[36,125318,857],{"class":46},[14,125320,125321],{},"You can also convert other values:",[26,125323,125325],{"className":28,"code":125324,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[33,125326,125327,125341],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,125328,125329,125331,125333,125335,125337,125339],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,125330,142],{"class":141},[36,125332,145],{"class":50},[36,125334,3488],{"class":80},[36,125336,145],{"class":50},[36,125338,3649],{"class":1143},[36,125340,445],{"class":50},[36,125342,125343,125345,125347,125349,125351,125353],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,125344,142],{"class":141},[36,125346,145],{"class":50},[36,125348,3488],{"class":80},[36,125350,145],{"class":50},[36,125352,40180],{"class":54},[36,125354,445],{"class":50},[14,125356,125357],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[26,125359,125361],{"className":28,"code":125360,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[33,125362,125363,125371,125393,125397],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,125364,125365,125367,125369],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,125366,21660],{"class":42},[36,125368,47],{"class":46},[36,125370,45263],{"class":54},[36,125372,125373,125375,125377,125379,125381,125383,125385,125387,125389,125391],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,125374,90041],{"class":42},[36,125376,47],{"class":46},[36,125378,99],{"class":87},[36,125380,89459],{"class":91},[36,125382,88],{"class":87},[36,125384,2504],{"class":46},[36,125386,48942],{"class":80},[36,125388,145],{"class":50},[36,125390,9331],{"class":148},[36,125392,152],{"class":50},[36,125394,125395],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,125396,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,125398,125399,125401,125403,125405],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,125400,142],{"class":141},[36,125402,145],{"class":50},[36,125404,90058],{"class":148},[36,125406,152],{"class":50},[14,125408,125409,125410,298,125414,303],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[294,125411,1935,125412,3554],{"href":42212},[33,125413,47721],{},[294,125415,125416],{"href":123128},"how to convert int to string in Python",[21,125418,125420],{"id":125419},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[14,125422,125423],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[14,125425,125426],{},"Both of these are valid:",[26,125428,125430],{"className":28,"code":125429,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[33,125431,125432,125444],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,125433,125434,125436,125438,125440,125442],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,125435,2604],{"class":42},[36,125437,47],{"class":46},[36,125439,220],{"class":87},[36,125441,7336],{"class":91},[36,125443,1228],{"class":87},[36,125445,125446,125448,125450,125452,125454],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,125447,2632],{"class":42},[36,125449,47],{"class":46},[36,125451,99],{"class":87},[36,125453,7336],{"class":91},[36,125455,3403],{"class":87},[14,125457,125458],{},"A common rule is:",[246,125460,125461,125464,125467],{},[249,125462,125463],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[249,125465,125466],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[249,125468,125469],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[14,125471,2257],{},[26,125473,125475],{"className":28,"code":125474,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[33,125476,125477,125491,125505,125509,125520],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,125478,125479,125482,125484,125486,125489],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,125480,125481],{"class":42},"text1 ",[36,125483,47],{"class":46},[36,125485,99],{"class":87},[36,125487,125488],{"class":91},"It's working",[36,125490,3403],{"class":87},[36,125492,125493,125496,125498,125500,125503],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,125494,125495],{"class":42},"text2 ",[36,125497,47],{"class":46},[36,125499,220],{"class":87},[36,125501,125502],{"class":91},"She said \"hello\"",[36,125504,1228],{"class":87},[36,125506,125507],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,125508,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,125510,125511,125513,125515,125518],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,125512,142],{"class":141},[36,125514,145],{"class":50},[36,125516,125517],{"class":148},"text1",[36,125519,152],{"class":50},[36,125521,125522,125524,125526,125529],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,125523,142],{"class":141},[36,125525,145],{"class":50},[36,125527,125528],{"class":148},"text2",[36,125530,152],{"class":50},[14,125532,125533],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[21,125535,125537],{"id":125536},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[14,125539,125540],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[14,125542,125543],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[26,125545,125547],{"className":28,"code":125546,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[33,125548,125549,125554],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,125550,125551],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,125552,125553],{"class":1617},"# This will cause an error\n",[36,125555,125556],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,125557,125558],{"class":1617},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[14,125560,125561,125562,35365,125564,125567],{},"Python sees the second ",[33,125563,211],{},[33,125565,125566],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[14,125569,125570],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[26,125572,125574],{"className":28,"code":125573,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[33,125575,125576,125595],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,125577,125578,125580,125582,125584,125587,125590,125593],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,125579,34722],{"class":42},[36,125581,47],{"class":46},[36,125583,220],{"class":87},[36,125585,125586],{"class":91},"It",[36,125588,125589],{"class":34487},"\\'",[36,125591,125592],{"class":91},"s working",[36,125594,1228],{"class":87},[36,125596,125597,125599,125601,125603],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,125598,142],{"class":141},[36,125600,145],{"class":50},[36,125602,34743],{"class":148},[36,125604,152],{"class":50},[14,125606,125607],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[26,125609,125611],{"className":28,"code":125610,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[33,125612,125613,125625],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,125614,125615,125617,125619,125621,125623],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,125616,34722],{"class":42},[36,125618,47],{"class":46},[36,125620,99],{"class":87},[36,125622,125488],{"class":91},[36,125624,3403],{"class":87},[36,125626,125627,125629,125631,125633],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,125628,142],{"class":141},[36,125630,145],{"class":50},[36,125632,34743],{"class":148},[36,125634,152],{"class":50},[14,125636,125637],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[14,125639,125640,125641,303],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[294,125642,125644],{"href":125643},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[21,125646,1455],{"id":1454},[14,125648,125649],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[376,125651,90248],{"id":90247},[14,125653,125654],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[26,125656,125658],{"className":28,"code":125657,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[33,125659,125660,125664],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,125661,125662],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,125663,125553],{"class":1617},[36,125665,125666],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,125667,125668],{"class":1617},"# name = Alice\n",[14,125670,125671,125672,8638,125675,125677],{},"Python may raise a ",[33,125673,125674],{},"NameError",[33,125676,5043],{}," is not defined.",[14,125679,10837],{},[26,125681,125683],{"className":28,"code":125682,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[33,125684,125685,125697],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,125686,125687,125689,125691,125693,125695],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,125688,7912],{"class":42},[36,125690,47],{"class":46},[36,125692,99],{"class":87},[36,125694,5043],{"class":91},[36,125696,3403],{"class":87},[36,125698,125699,125701,125703,125705],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,125700,142],{"class":141},[36,125702,145],{"class":50},[36,125704,1250],{"class":148},[36,125706,152],{"class":50},[376,125708,125710],{"id":125709},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[14,125712,125713],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[26,125715,125717],{"className":28,"code":125716,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[33,125718,125719,125723],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,125720,125721],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,125722,125553],{"class":1617},[36,125724,125725],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,125726,125727],{"class":1617},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[14,125729,125730],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[26,125732,125734],{"className":28,"code":125733,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[33,125735,125736,125753,125766,125770,125780],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,125737,125738,125740,125742,125744,125746,125748,125751],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,125739,125481],{"class":42},[36,125741,47],{"class":46},[36,125743,220],{"class":87},[36,125745,125586],{"class":91},[36,125747,125589],{"class":34487},[36,125749,125750],{"class":91},"s good",[36,125752,1228],{"class":87},[36,125754,125755,125757,125759,125761,125764],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,125756,125495],{"class":42},[36,125758,47],{"class":46},[36,125760,99],{"class":87},[36,125762,125763],{"class":91},"It's good",[36,125765,3403],{"class":87},[36,125767,125768],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,125769,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,125771,125772,125774,125776,125778],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,125773,142],{"class":141},[36,125775,145],{"class":50},[36,125777,125517],{"class":148},[36,125779,152],{"class":50},[36,125781,125782,125784,125786,125788],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,125783,142],{"class":141},[36,125785,145],{"class":50},[36,125787,125528],{"class":148},[36,125789,152],{"class":50},[376,125791,125793],{"id":125792},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[14,125795,125796],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[26,125798,125800],{"className":28,"code":125799,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[33,125801,125802,125814],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,125803,125804,125806,125808,125810,125812],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,125805,34722],{"class":42},[36,125807,47],{"class":46},[36,125809,125157],{"class":87},[36,125811,708],{"class":91},[36,125813,43374],{"class":87},[36,125815,125816,125818,125820,125822],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,125817,142],{"class":141},[36,125819,145],{"class":50},[36,125821,34743],{"class":148},[36,125823,152],{"class":50},[14,125825,125826],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[26,125828,125830],{"className":28,"code":125829,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[33,125831,125832,125844],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,125833,125834,125836,125838,125840,125842],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,125835,34722],{"class":42},[36,125837,47],{"class":46},[36,125839,99],{"class":87},[36,125841,708],{"class":91},[36,125843,3403],{"class":87},[36,125845,125846,125848,125850,125852],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,125847,142],{"class":141},[36,125849,145],{"class":50},[36,125851,34743],{"class":148},[36,125853,152],{"class":50},[376,125855,4618,125857,482,125859,125861],{"id":125856},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[33,125858,50284],{},[33,125860,50334],{}," are the same type",[14,125863,125864],{},"They are different:",[26,125866,125868],{"className":28,"code":125867,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[33,125869,125870,125879,125892,125896,125910],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,125871,125872,125875,125877],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,125873,125874],{"class":42},"value1 ",[36,125876,47],{"class":46},[36,125878,124885],{"class":54},[36,125880,125881,125884,125886,125888,125890],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,125882,125883],{"class":42},"value2 ",[36,125885,47],{"class":46},[36,125887,99],{"class":87},[36,125889,50284],{"class":91},[36,125891,3403],{"class":87},[36,125893,125894],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,125895,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,125897,125898,125900,125902,125904,125906,125908],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,125899,142],{"class":141},[36,125901,145],{"class":50},[36,125903,818],{"class":80},[36,125905,145],{"class":50},[36,125907,84804],{"class":148},[36,125909,445],{"class":50},[36,125911,125912,125914,125916,125918,125920,125923],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,125913,142],{"class":141},[36,125915,145],{"class":50},[36,125917,818],{"class":80},[36,125919,145],{"class":50},[36,125921,125922],{"class":148},"value2",[36,125924,445],{"class":50},[14,125926,182],{},[26,125928,125930],{"className":28,"code":125929,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[33,125931,125932,125946],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,125933,125934,125936,125938,125940,125942,125944],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,125935,844],{"class":46},[36,125937,848],{"class":847},[36,125939,220],{"class":87},[36,125941,2237],{"class":91},[36,125943,211],{"class":87},[36,125945,857],{"class":46},[36,125947,125948,125950,125952,125954,125956,125958],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,125949,844],{"class":46},[36,125951,848],{"class":847},[36,125953,220],{"class":87},[36,125955,3488],{"class":91},[36,125957,211],{"class":87},[36,125959,857],{"class":46},[376,125961,125963],{"id":125962},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[14,125965,125966],{},"This causes a type error:",[26,125968,125970],{"className":28,"code":125969,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[33,125971,125972,125976,125981],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,125973,125974],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,125975,125553],{"class":1617},[36,125977,125978],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,125979,125980],{"class":1617},"# age = 10\n",[36,125982,125983],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,125984,125985],{"class":1617},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[14,125987,125988,125989,1213],{},"Fix it with ",[33,125990,47721],{},[26,125992,125994],{"className":28,"code":125993,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[33,125995,125996,126004,126026,126030],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,125997,125998,126000,126002],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,125999,21660],{"class":42},[36,126001,47],{"class":46},[36,126003,2637],{"class":54},[36,126005,126006,126008,126010,126012,126014,126016,126018,126020,126022,126024],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,126007,90041],{"class":42},[36,126009,47],{"class":46},[36,126011,99],{"class":87},[36,126013,89459],{"class":91},[36,126015,88],{"class":87},[36,126017,2504],{"class":46},[36,126019,48942],{"class":80},[36,126021,145],{"class":50},[36,126023,9331],{"class":148},[36,126025,152],{"class":50},[36,126027,126028],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,126029,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,126031,126032,126034,126036,126038],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,126033,142],{"class":141},[36,126035,145],{"class":50},[36,126037,90058],{"class":148},[36,126039,152],{"class":50},[14,126041,126042,126043,303],{},"For this specific error, see ",[294,126044,90440],{"href":90439},[376,126046,60745],{"id":60744},[14,126048,126049],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[26,126051,126053],{"className":28,"code":126052,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[33,126054,126055,126067,126071,126081,126095],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,126056,126057,126059,126061,126063,126065],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,126058,34722],{"class":42},[36,126060,47],{"class":46},[36,126062,99],{"class":87},[36,126064,708],{"class":91},[36,126066,3403],{"class":87},[36,126068,126069],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,126070,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,126072,126073,126075,126077,126079],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,126074,142],{"class":141},[36,126076,145],{"class":50},[36,126078,34743],{"class":148},[36,126080,152],{"class":50},[36,126082,126083,126085,126087,126089,126091,126093],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,126084,142],{"class":141},[36,126086,145],{"class":50},[36,126088,818],{"class":80},[36,126090,145],{"class":50},[36,126092,34743],{"class":148},[36,126094,445],{"class":50},[36,126096,126097,126099,126101,126103,126105,126107],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,126098,142],{"class":141},[36,126100,145],{"class":50},[36,126102,41816],{"class":141},[36,126104,145],{"class":50},[36,126106,34743],{"class":148},[36,126108,445],{"class":50},[246,126110,126111,126116,126121],{},[249,126112,126113,46316],{},[33,126114,126115],{},"print(text)",[249,126117,126118,46321],{},[33,126119,126120],{},"print(type(text))",[249,126122,126123,126126],{},[33,126124,126125],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[21,126128,1872],{"id":1871},[376,126130,126132],{"id":126131},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[14,126134,126135,126136,298,126139,303],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[33,126137,126138],{},"'hello'",[33,126140,64570],{},[376,126142,126144],{"id":126143},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[14,126146,126147],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[376,126149,126151],{"id":126150},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[14,126153,495,126154,298,126156,303],{},[33,126155,6312],{},[33,126157,3817],{},[376,126159,126161],{"id":126160},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[14,126163,495,126164,126166,126167,126169,126170,303],{},[33,126165,47721],{},", like ",[33,126168,80414],{},", which returns ",[33,126171,42163],{},[376,126173,126175],{"id":126174},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[14,126177,126178],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[21,126180,1923],{"id":1922},[246,126182,126183,126187,126193,126198,126207,126211],{},[249,126184,126185],{},[294,126186,124958],{"href":51014},[249,126188,126189],{},[294,126190,1935,126191,3554],{"href":42212},[33,126192,47721],{},[249,126194,126195],{},[294,126196,126197],{"href":123128},"How to convert int to string in Python",[249,126199,126200],{},[294,126201,126203,126204,1939],{"href":126202},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[33,126205,126206],{},"format()",[249,126208,126209],{},[294,126210,125644],{"href":125643},[249,126212,126213],{},[294,126214,90440],{"href":90439},[1962,126216,126217],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":126219},[126220,126221,126222,126223,126224,126225,126226,126227,126228,126237,126244],{"id":243,"depth":72,"text":244},{"id":124797,"depth":72,"text":124798},{"id":124961,"depth":72,"text":124962},{"id":125036,"depth":72,"text":125037},{"id":125136,"depth":72,"text":125137},{"id":125241,"depth":72,"text":125242},{"id":125419,"depth":72,"text":125420},{"id":125536,"depth":72,"text":125537},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455,"children":126229},[126230,126231,126232,126233,126235,126236],{"id":90247,"depth":118,"text":90248},{"id":125709,"depth":118,"text":125710},{"id":125792,"depth":118,"text":125793},{"id":125856,"depth":118,"text":126234},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125962,"depth":118,"text":125963},{"id":60744,"depth":118,"text":60745},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":126238},[126239,126240,126241,126242,126243],{"id":126131,"depth":118,"text":126132},{"id":126143,"depth":118,"text":126144},{"id":126150,"depth":118,"text":126151},{"id":126160,"depth":118,"text":126161},{"id":126174,"depth":118,"text":126175},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124659,"description":126245},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126252,"title":126253,"body":126254,"description":128168,"extension":2009,"meta":128169,"navigation":134,"path":128170,"seo":128171,"stem":128172,"__hash__":128173},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126255,"toc":128129},[126256,126262,126267,126275,126277,126344,126346,126358,126367,126372,126376,126393,126395,126460,126462,126474,126479,126481,126509,126530,126533,126572,126574,126582,126586,126590,126594,126602,126605,126646,126648,126656,126659,126716,126718,126726,126730,126735,126779,126781,126789,126798,126802,126807,126855,126857,126865,126871,126873,126877,126889,126894,126973,126975,126995,126999,127003,127043,127045,127053,127057,127100,127102,127110,127114,127154,127156,127164,127168,127224,127226,127234,127240,127242,127246,127256,127323,127325,127338,127345,127388,127390,127398,127402,127405,127461,127463,127471,127474,127476,127553,127555,127563,127572,127574,127578,127582,127584,127606,127609,127656,127660,127699,127701,127709,127711,127753,127760,127765,127827,127829,127841,127847,127852,127901,127903,127922,127928,127930,127949,127951,128042,128044,128050,128057,128063,128069,128074,128083,128090,128098,128100,128126],[10,126257,123203,126259,11352],{"id":126258},"python-string-endswith-method",[33,126260,126261],{},"endswith()",[14,126263,123208,126264,126266],{},[33,126265,126261],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[14,126268,126269,126270,298,126272,126274],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[33,126271,3649],{},[33,126273,3716],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[21,126276,2051],{"id":2050},[26,126278,126280],{"className":28,"code":126279,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[33,126281,126282,126296,126321],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,126283,126284,126287,126289,126291,126294],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,126285,126286],{"class":42},"filename ",[36,126288,47],{"class":46},[36,126290,99],{"class":87},[36,126292,126293],{"class":91},"report.csv",[36,126295,3403],{"class":87},[36,126297,126298,126300,126302,126305,126307,126310,126312,126314,126317,126319],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,126299,142],{"class":141},[36,126301,145],{"class":50},[36,126303,126304],{"class":148},"filename",[36,126306,303],{"class":50},[36,126308,126309],{"class":148},"endswith",[36,126311,145],{"class":50},[36,126313,88],{"class":87},[36,126315,126316],{"class":91},".csv",[36,126318,88],{"class":87},[36,126320,445],{"class":50},[36,126322,126323,126325,126327,126329,126331,126333,126335,126337,126340,126342],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,126324,142],{"class":141},[36,126326,145],{"class":50},[36,126328,126304],{"class":148},[36,126330,303],{"class":50},[36,126332,126309],{"class":148},[36,126334,145],{"class":50},[36,126336,88],{"class":87},[36,126338,126339],{"class":91},".txt",[36,126341,88],{"class":87},[36,126343,445],{"class":50},[14,126345,182],{},[26,126347,126348],{"className":28,"code":44212,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,126349,126350,126354],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,126351,126352],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,126353,4020],{"class":1143},[36,126355,126356],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,126357,4081],{"class":1143},[14,126359,495,126360,5410,126362,298,126364,126366],{},[33,126361,126261],{},[33,126363,3649],{},[33,126365,3716],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[21,126368,3720,126370,3723],{"id":126369},"what-endswith-does",[33,126371,126261],{},[14,126373,126374,1213],{},[33,126375,126261],{},[246,126377,126378,126381,126387,126390],{},[249,126379,126380],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[249,126382,11454,126383,298,126385],{},[33,126384,3649],{},[33,126386,3716],{},[249,126388,126389],{},"Does not change the original string",[249,126391,126392],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[14,126394,2257],{},[26,126396,126398],{"className":28,"code":126397,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[33,126399,126400,126412,126416,126438],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,126401,126402,126404,126406,126408,126410],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,126403,34722],{"class":42},[36,126405,47],{"class":46},[36,126407,99],{"class":87},[36,126409,60445],{"class":91},[36,126411,3403],{"class":87},[36,126413,126414],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,126415,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,126417,126418,126420,126422,126424,126426,126428,126430,126432,126434,126436],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,126419,142],{"class":141},[36,126421,145],{"class":50},[36,126423,34743],{"class":148},[36,126425,303],{"class":50},[36,126427,126309],{"class":148},[36,126429,145],{"class":50},[36,126431,88],{"class":87},[36,126433,60626],{"class":91},[36,126435,88],{"class":87},[36,126437,445],{"class":50},[36,126439,126440,126442,126444,126446,126448,126450,126452,126454,126456,126458],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,126441,142],{"class":141},[36,126443,145],{"class":50},[36,126445,34743],{"class":148},[36,126447,303],{"class":50},[36,126449,126309],{"class":148},[36,126451,145],{"class":50},[36,126453,88],{"class":87},[36,126455,708],{"class":91},[36,126457,88],{"class":87},[36,126459,445],{"class":50},[14,126461,182],{},[26,126463,126464],{"className":28,"code":44212,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,126465,126466,126470],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,126467,126468],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,126469,4020],{"class":1143},[36,126471,126472],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,126473,4081],{"class":1143},[14,126475,126476,126477,303],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[294,126478,124958],{"href":51014},[21,126480,2205],{"id":2204},[26,126482,126484],{"className":28,"code":126483,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[33,126485,126486],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,126487,126488,126490,126492,126494,126496,126499,126501,126503,126505,126507],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,126489,61209],{"class":42},[36,126491,303],{"class":50},[36,126493,126309],{"class":148},[36,126495,145],{"class":50},[36,126497,126498],{"class":148},"suffix",[36,126500,58],{"class":50},[36,126502,36088],{"class":148},[36,126504,58],{"class":50},[36,126506,65076],{"class":148},[36,126508,152],{"class":50},[246,126510,126511,126516,126523],{},[249,126512,126513,126515],{},[33,126514,126498],{}," is required",[249,126517,126518,482,126520,126522],{},[33,126519,36109],{},[33,126521,52699],{}," are optional",[249,126524,126525,482,126527,126529],{},[33,126526,36109],{},[33,126528,52699],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[14,126531,126532],{},"Basic example:",[26,126534,126536],{"className":28,"code":126535,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[33,126537,126538,126550],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,126539,126540,126542,126544,126546,126548],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,126541,126286],{"class":42},[36,126543,47],{"class":46},[36,126545,99],{"class":87},[36,126547,86929],{"class":91},[36,126549,3403],{"class":87},[36,126551,126552,126554,126556,126558,126560,126562,126564,126566,126568,126570],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,126553,142],{"class":141},[36,126555,145],{"class":50},[36,126557,126304],{"class":148},[36,126559,303],{"class":50},[36,126561,126309],{"class":148},[36,126563,145],{"class":50},[36,126565,88],{"class":87},[36,126567,126339],{"class":91},[36,126569,88],{"class":87},[36,126571,445],{"class":50},[14,126573,182],{},[26,126575,126576],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,126577,126578],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,126579,126580],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,126581,4020],{"class":1143},[21,126583,126585],{"id":126584},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[376,126587,126588],{"id":126498},[33,126589,126498],{},[14,126591,126592,30783],{},[33,126593,126498],{},[246,126595,126596,126599],{},[249,126597,126598],{},"A single string",[249,126600,126601],{},"A tuple of strings",[14,126603,126604],{},"Single suffix:",[26,126606,126608],{"className":28,"code":126607,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[33,126609,126610,126623],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,126611,126612,126614,126616,126618,126621],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,126613,7912],{"class":42},[36,126615,47],{"class":46},[36,126617,99],{"class":87},[36,126619,126620],{"class":91},"image.png",[36,126622,3403],{"class":87},[36,126624,126625,126627,126629,126631,126633,126635,126637,126639,126642,126644],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,126626,142],{"class":141},[36,126628,145],{"class":50},[36,126630,1250],{"class":148},[36,126632,303],{"class":50},[36,126634,126309],{"class":148},[36,126636,145],{"class":50},[36,126638,88],{"class":87},[36,126640,126641],{"class":91},".png",[36,126643,88],{"class":87},[36,126645,445],{"class":50},[14,126647,182],{},[26,126649,126650],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,126651,126652],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,126653,126654],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,126655,4020],{"class":1143},[14,126657,126658],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[26,126660,126662],{"className":28,"code":126661,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[33,126663,126664,126676],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,126665,126666,126668,126670,126672,126674],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,126667,7912],{"class":42},[36,126669,47],{"class":46},[36,126671,99],{"class":87},[36,126673,126620],{"class":91},[36,126675,3403],{"class":87},[36,126677,126678,126680,126682,126684,126686,126688,126690,126692,126695,126697,126699,126701,126703,126705,126707,126709,126712,126714],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,126679,142],{"class":141},[36,126681,145],{"class":50},[36,126683,1250],{"class":148},[36,126685,303],{"class":50},[36,126687,126309],{"class":148},[36,126689,628],{"class":50},[36,126691,88],{"class":87},[36,126693,126694],{"class":91},".jpg",[36,126696,88],{"class":87},[36,126698,58],{"class":50},[36,126700,99],{"class":87},[36,126702,126641],{"class":91},[36,126704,88],{"class":87},[36,126706,58],{"class":50},[36,126708,99],{"class":87},[36,126710,126711],{"class":91},".gif",[36,126713,88],{"class":87},[36,126715,2961],{"class":50},[14,126717,182],{},[26,126719,126720],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,126721,126722],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,126723,126724],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,126725,4020],{"class":1143},[376,126727,126728],{"id":36109},[33,126729,36109],{},[14,126731,126732,126734],{},[33,126733,36109],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[26,126736,126738],{"className":28,"code":126737,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[33,126739,126740,126753],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,126741,126742,126744,126746,126748,126751],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,126743,34722],{"class":42},[36,126745,47],{"class":46},[36,126747,99],{"class":87},[36,126749,126750],{"class":91},"my_report.csv",[36,126752,3403],{"class":87},[36,126754,126755,126757,126759,126761,126763,126765,126767,126769,126771,126773,126775,126777],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,126756,142],{"class":141},[36,126758,145],{"class":50},[36,126760,34743],{"class":148},[36,126762,303],{"class":50},[36,126764,126309],{"class":148},[36,126766,145],{"class":50},[36,126768,88],{"class":87},[36,126770,126316],{"class":91},[36,126772,88],{"class":87},[36,126774,58],{"class":50},[36,126776,66],{"class":54},[36,126778,445],{"class":50},[14,126780,182],{},[26,126782,126783],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,126784,126785],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,126786,126787],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,126788,4020],{"class":1143},[14,126790,126791,126792,126794,126795,303],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[33,126793,485],{}," onward, which is ",[33,126796,126797],{},"\"report.csv\"",[376,126799,126800],{"id":52699},[33,126801,52699],{},[14,126803,126804,126806],{},[33,126805,52699],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[26,126808,126810],{"className":28,"code":126809,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[33,126811,126812,126825],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,126813,126814,126816,126818,126820,126823],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,126815,34722],{"class":42},[36,126817,47],{"class":46},[36,126819,99],{"class":87},[36,126821,126822],{"class":91},"report.csv backup",[36,126824,3403],{"class":87},[36,126826,126827,126829,126831,126833,126835,126837,126839,126841,126843,126845,126847,126849,126851,126853],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,126828,142],{"class":141},[36,126830,145],{"class":50},[36,126832,34743],{"class":148},[36,126834,303],{"class":50},[36,126836,126309],{"class":148},[36,126838,145],{"class":50},[36,126840,88],{"class":87},[36,126842,126316],{"class":91},[36,126844,88],{"class":87},[36,126846,58],{"class":50},[36,126848,3875],{"class":54},[36,126850,58],{"class":50},[36,126852,6044],{"class":54},[36,126854,445],{"class":50},[14,126856,182],{},[26,126858,126859],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,126860,126861],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,126862,126863],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,126864,4020],{"class":1143},[14,126866,126867,126868,126870],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[33,126869,126797],{}," and ignores the rest.",[21,126872,17449],{"id":17448},[14,126874,126875,25542],{},[33,126876,126261],{},[246,126878,126879,126884],{},[249,126880,126881,126883],{},[33,126882,3649],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[249,126885,126886,126888],{},[33,126887,3716],{}," if it does not",[14,126890,126891,126892,7212],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[33,126893,7037],{},[26,126895,126897],{"className":28,"code":126896,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[33,126898,126899,126912,126916,126937,126952,126958],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,126900,126901,126903,126905,126907,126910],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,126902,126286],{"class":42},[36,126904,47],{"class":46},[36,126906,99],{"class":87},[36,126908,126909],{"class":91},"data.csv",[36,126911,3403],{"class":87},[36,126913,126914],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,126915,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,126917,126918,126920,126923,126925,126927,126929,126931,126933,126935],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,126919,7037],{"class":3917},[36,126921,126922],{"class":42}," filename",[36,126924,303],{"class":50},[36,126926,126309],{"class":148},[36,126928,145],{"class":50},[36,126930,88],{"class":87},[36,126932,126316],{"class":91},[36,126934,88],{"class":87},[36,126936,8378],{"class":50},[36,126938,126939,126941,126943,126945,126948,126950],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,126940,8105],{"class":141},[36,126942,145],{"class":50},[36,126944,88],{"class":87},[36,126946,126947],{"class":91},"This is a CSV file.",[36,126949,88],{"class":87},[36,126951,152],{"class":50},[36,126953,126954,126956],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,126955,27468],{"class":3917},[36,126957,6433],{"class":50},[36,126959,126960,126962,126964,126966,126969,126971],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,126961,8105],{"class":141},[36,126963,145],{"class":50},[36,126965,88],{"class":87},[36,126967,126968],{"class":91},"This is not a CSV file.",[36,126970,88],{"class":87},[36,126972,152],{"class":50},[14,126974,182],{},[26,126976,126978],{"className":28,"code":126977,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"This is a CSV file.\n",[33,126979,126980],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,126981,126982,126984,126986,126988,126991,126993],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,126983,49917],{"class":42},[36,126985,12224],{"class":46},[36,126987,44582],{"class":42},[36,126989,126990],{"class":34487},"CSV",[36,126992,86670],{"class":86669},[36,126994,122235],{"class":50},[21,126996,126998],{"id":126997},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[376,127000,127002],{"id":127001},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[26,127004,127006],{"className":28,"code":127005,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[33,127007,127008,127021],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,127009,127010,127012,127014,127016,127019],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,127011,126286],{"class":42},[36,127013,47],{"class":46},[36,127015,99],{"class":87},[36,127017,127018],{"class":91},"sales.csv",[36,127020,3403],{"class":87},[36,127022,127023,127025,127027,127029,127031,127033,127035,127037,127039,127041],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,127024,142],{"class":141},[36,127026,145],{"class":50},[36,127028,126304],{"class":148},[36,127030,303],{"class":50},[36,127032,126309],{"class":148},[36,127034,145],{"class":50},[36,127036,88],{"class":87},[36,127038,126316],{"class":91},[36,127040,88],{"class":87},[36,127042,445],{"class":50},[14,127044,182],{},[26,127046,127047],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,127048,127049],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,127050,127051],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,127052,4020],{"class":1143},[376,127054,127056],{"id":127055},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[26,127058,127060],{"className":28,"code":127059,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[33,127061,127062,127076],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,127063,127064,127067,127069,127071,127074],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,127065,127066],{"class":42},"url ",[36,127068,47],{"class":46},[36,127070,99],{"class":87},[36,127072,127073],{"class":91},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[36,127075,3403],{"class":87},[36,127077,127078,127080,127082,127085,127087,127089,127091,127093,127096,127098],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,127079,142],{"class":141},[36,127081,145],{"class":50},[36,127083,127084],{"class":148},"url",[36,127086,303],{"class":50},[36,127088,126309],{"class":148},[36,127090,145],{"class":50},[36,127092,88],{"class":87},[36,127094,127095],{"class":91},"\u002F",[36,127097,88],{"class":87},[36,127099,445],{"class":50},[14,127101,182],{},[26,127103,127104],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,127105,127106],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,127107,127108],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,127109,4020],{"class":1143},[376,127111,127113],{"id":127112},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[26,127115,127117],{"className":28,"code":127116,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[33,127118,127119,127132],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,127120,127121,127123,127125,127127,127130],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,127122,90041],{"class":42},[36,127124,47],{"class":46},[36,127126,99],{"class":87},[36,127128,127129],{"class":91},"Hello!",[36,127131,3403],{"class":87},[36,127133,127134,127136,127138,127140,127142,127144,127146,127148,127150,127152],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,127135,142],{"class":141},[36,127137,145],{"class":50},[36,127139,90058],{"class":148},[36,127141,303],{"class":50},[36,127143,126309],{"class":148},[36,127145,145],{"class":50},[36,127147,88],{"class":87},[36,127149,89882],{"class":91},[36,127151,88],{"class":87},[36,127153,445],{"class":50},[14,127155,182],{},[26,127157,127158],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,127159,127160],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,127161,127162],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,127163,4020],{"class":1143},[376,127165,127167],{"id":127166},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[26,127169,127171],{"className":28,"code":127170,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[33,127172,127173,127186],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,127174,127175,127177,127179,127181,127184],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,127176,126286],{"class":42},[36,127178,47],{"class":46},[36,127180,99],{"class":87},[36,127182,127183],{"class":91},"photo.jpg",[36,127185,3403],{"class":87},[36,127187,127188,127190,127192,127194,127196,127198,127200,127202,127204,127206,127208,127210,127212,127214,127216,127218,127220,127222],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,127189,142],{"class":141},[36,127191,145],{"class":50},[36,127193,126304],{"class":148},[36,127195,303],{"class":50},[36,127197,126309],{"class":148},[36,127199,628],{"class":50},[36,127201,88],{"class":87},[36,127203,126694],{"class":91},[36,127205,88],{"class":87},[36,127207,58],{"class":50},[36,127209,99],{"class":87},[36,127211,126641],{"class":91},[36,127213,88],{"class":87},[36,127215,58],{"class":50},[36,127217,99],{"class":87},[36,127219,126711],{"class":91},[36,127221,88],{"class":87},[36,127223,2961],{"class":50},[14,127225,182],{},[26,127227,127228],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,127229,127230],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,127231,127232],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,127233,4020],{"class":1143},[14,127235,127236,127237,303],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[294,127238,127239],{"href":123458},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[21,127241,123850],{"id":123849},[14,127243,127244,123661],{},[33,127245,126261],{},[14,127247,127248,127249,482,127252,127255],{},"That means ",[33,127250,127251],{},"\".CSV\"",[33,127253,127254],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[26,127257,127259],{"className":28,"code":127258,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[33,127260,127261,127274,127278,127300],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,127262,127263,127265,127267,127269,127272],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,127264,126286],{"class":42},[36,127266,47],{"class":46},[36,127268,99],{"class":87},[36,127270,127271],{"class":91},"REPORT.CSV",[36,127273,3403],{"class":87},[36,127275,127276],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,127277,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,127279,127280,127282,127284,127286,127288,127290,127292,127294,127296,127298],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,127281,142],{"class":141},[36,127283,145],{"class":50},[36,127285,126304],{"class":148},[36,127287,303],{"class":50},[36,127289,126309],{"class":148},[36,127291,145],{"class":50},[36,127293,88],{"class":87},[36,127295,126316],{"class":91},[36,127297,88],{"class":87},[36,127299,445],{"class":50},[36,127301,127302,127304,127306,127308,127310,127312,127314,127316,127319,127321],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,127303,142],{"class":141},[36,127305,145],{"class":50},[36,127307,126304],{"class":148},[36,127309,303],{"class":50},[36,127311,126309],{"class":148},[36,127313,145],{"class":50},[36,127315,88],{"class":87},[36,127317,127318],{"class":91},".CSV",[36,127320,88],{"class":87},[36,127322,445],{"class":50},[14,127324,182],{},[26,127326,127328],{"className":28,"code":127327,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"False\nTrue\n",[33,127329,127330,127334],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,127331,127332],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,127333,4081],{"class":1143},[36,127335,127336],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,127337,4020],{"class":1143},[14,127339,127340,127341,303],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[294,127342,127343],{"href":123930},[33,127344,123933],{},[26,127346,127348],{"className":28,"code":127347,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[33,127349,127350,127362],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,127351,127352,127354,127356,127358,127360],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,127353,126286],{"class":42},[36,127355,47],{"class":46},[36,127357,99],{"class":87},[36,127359,127271],{"class":91},[36,127361,3403],{"class":87},[36,127363,127364,127366,127368,127370,127372,127374,127376,127378,127380,127382,127384,127386],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,127365,142],{"class":141},[36,127367,145],{"class":50},[36,127369,126304],{"class":148},[36,127371,303],{"class":50},[36,127373,8677],{"class":148},[36,127375,8674],{"class":50},[36,127377,126309],{"class":148},[36,127379,145],{"class":50},[36,127381,88],{"class":87},[36,127383,126316],{"class":91},[36,127385,88],{"class":87},[36,127387,445],{"class":50},[14,127389,182],{},[26,127391,127392],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,127393,127394],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,127395,127396],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,127397,4020],{"class":1143},[21,127399,127401],{"id":127400},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[14,127403,127404],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[26,127406,127408],{"className":28,"code":127407,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[33,127409,127410,127423],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,127411,127412,127414,127416,127418,127421],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,127413,126286],{"class":42},[36,127415,47],{"class":46},[36,127417,99],{"class":87},[36,127419,127420],{"class":91},"picture.gif",[36,127422,3403],{"class":87},[36,127424,127425,127427,127429,127431,127433,127435,127437,127439,127441,127443,127445,127447,127449,127451,127453,127455,127457,127459],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,127426,142],{"class":141},[36,127428,145],{"class":50},[36,127430,126304],{"class":148},[36,127432,303],{"class":50},[36,127434,126309],{"class":148},[36,127436,628],{"class":50},[36,127438,88],{"class":87},[36,127440,126694],{"class":91},[36,127442,88],{"class":87},[36,127444,58],{"class":50},[36,127446,99],{"class":87},[36,127448,126641],{"class":91},[36,127450,88],{"class":87},[36,127452,58],{"class":50},[36,127454,99],{"class":87},[36,127456,126711],{"class":91},[36,127458,88],{"class":87},[36,127460,2961],{"class":50},[14,127462,182],{},[26,127464,127465],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,127466,127467],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,127468,127469],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,127470,4020],{"class":1143},[14,127472,127473],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[14,127475,1231],{},[26,127477,127479],{"className":28,"code":127478,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[33,127480,127481,127494,127529,127533],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,127482,127483,127486,127488,127490,127492],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,127484,127485],{"class":42},"document ",[36,127487,47],{"class":46},[36,127489,99],{"class":87},[36,127491,86929],{"class":91},[36,127493,3403],{"class":87},[36,127495,127496,127499,127501,127503,127505,127507,127509,127511,127513,127516,127518,127520,127522,127525,127527],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,127497,127498],{"class":42},"allowed ",[36,127500,47],{"class":46},[36,127502,1131],{"class":50},[36,127504,88],{"class":87},[36,127506,126339],{"class":91},[36,127508,88],{"class":87},[36,127510,58],{"class":50},[36,127512,99],{"class":87},[36,127514,127515],{"class":91},".md",[36,127517,88],{"class":87},[36,127519,58],{"class":50},[36,127521,99],{"class":87},[36,127523,127524],{"class":91},".docx",[36,127526,88],{"class":87},[36,127528,152],{"class":50},[36,127530,127531],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,127532,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,127534,127535,127537,127539,127542,127544,127546,127548,127551],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,127536,142],{"class":141},[36,127538,145],{"class":50},[36,127540,127541],{"class":148},"document",[36,127543,303],{"class":50},[36,127545,126309],{"class":148},[36,127547,145],{"class":50},[36,127549,127550],{"class":148},"allowed",[36,127552,445],{"class":50},[14,127554,182],{},[26,127556,127557],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,127558,127559],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,127560,127561],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,127562,4020],{"class":1143},[14,127564,127565,127566,303],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[294,127567,126203,127569,1939],{"href":127568},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[33,127570,127571],{},"startswith()",[21,127573,1455],{"id":1454},[14,127575,8483,127576,303],{},[33,127577,126261],{},[376,127579,127581],{"id":127580},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[14,127583,4564],{},[26,127585,127587],{"className":28,"code":127586,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[33,127588,127589,127601],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,127590,127591,127593,127595,127597,127599],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,127592,126286],{"class":42},[36,127594,47],{"class":46},[36,127596,99],{"class":87},[36,127598,127183],{"class":91},[36,127600,3403],{"class":87},[36,127602,127603],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,127604,127605],{"class":1617},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[14,127607,127608],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[26,127610,127612],{"className":28,"code":127611,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[33,127613,127614,127626],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,127615,127616,127618,127620,127622,127624],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,127617,126286],{"class":42},[36,127619,47],{"class":46},[36,127621,99],{"class":87},[36,127623,127183],{"class":91},[36,127625,3403],{"class":87},[36,127627,127628,127630,127632,127634,127636,127638,127640,127642,127644,127646,127648,127650,127652,127654],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,127629,142],{"class":141},[36,127631,145],{"class":50},[36,127633,126304],{"class":148},[36,127635,303],{"class":50},[36,127637,126309],{"class":148},[36,127639,628],{"class":50},[36,127641,88],{"class":87},[36,127643,126694],{"class":91},[36,127645,88],{"class":87},[36,127647,58],{"class":50},[36,127649,99],{"class":87},[36,127651,126641],{"class":91},[36,127653,88],{"class":87},[36,127655,2961],{"class":50},[376,127657,127659],{"id":127658},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[26,127661,127663],{"className":28,"code":127662,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[33,127664,127665,127677],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,127666,127667,127669,127671,127673,127675],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,127668,126286],{"class":42},[36,127670,47],{"class":46},[36,127672,99],{"class":87},[36,127674,127271],{"class":91},[36,127676,3403],{"class":87},[36,127678,127679,127681,127683,127685,127687,127689,127691,127693,127695,127697],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,127680,142],{"class":141},[36,127682,145],{"class":50},[36,127684,126304],{"class":148},[36,127686,303],{"class":50},[36,127688,126309],{"class":148},[36,127690,145],{"class":50},[36,127692,88],{"class":87},[36,127694,126316],{"class":91},[36,127696,88],{"class":87},[36,127698,445],{"class":50},[14,127700,182],{},[26,127702,127703],{"className":28,"code":4081,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,127704,127705],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,127706,127707],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,127708,4081],{"class":1143},[14,127710,39298],{},[26,127712,127713],{"className":28,"code":127347,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,127714,127715,127727],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,127716,127717,127719,127721,127723,127725],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,127718,126286],{"class":42},[36,127720,47],{"class":46},[36,127722,99],{"class":87},[36,127724,127271],{"class":91},[36,127726,3403],{"class":87},[36,127728,127729,127731,127733,127735,127737,127739,127741,127743,127745,127747,127749,127751],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,127730,142],{"class":141},[36,127732,145],{"class":50},[36,127734,126304],{"class":148},[36,127736,303],{"class":50},[36,127738,8677],{"class":148},[36,127740,8674],{"class":50},[36,127742,126309],{"class":148},[36,127744,145],{"class":50},[36,127746,88],{"class":87},[36,127748,126316],{"class":91},[36,127750,88],{"class":87},[36,127752,445],{"class":50},[376,127754,37239,127756,8741,127758],{"id":127755},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[33,127757,126261],{},[33,127759,3924],{},[14,127761,127762,127764],{},[33,127763,126261],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[26,127766,127768],{"className":28,"code":127767,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[33,127769,127770,127783,127787,127809],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,127771,127772,127774,127776,127778,127781],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,127773,34722],{"class":42},[36,127775,47],{"class":46},[36,127777,99],{"class":87},[36,127779,127780],{"class":91},"my_report.csv.backup",[36,127782,3403],{"class":87},[36,127784,127785],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,127786,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,127788,127789,127791,127793,127795,127797,127799,127801,127803,127805,127807],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,127790,142],{"class":141},[36,127792,145],{"class":50},[36,127794,34743],{"class":148},[36,127796,303],{"class":50},[36,127798,126309],{"class":148},[36,127800,145],{"class":50},[36,127802,88],{"class":87},[36,127804,126316],{"class":91},[36,127806,88],{"class":87},[36,127808,445],{"class":50},[36,127810,127811,127813,127815,127817,127819,127821,127823,127825],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,127812,142],{"class":141},[36,127814,145],{"class":50},[36,127816,88],{"class":87},[36,127818,126316],{"class":91},[36,127820,88],{"class":87},[36,127822,21205],{"class":3917},[36,127824,42879],{"class":148},[36,127826,152],{"class":50},[14,127828,182],{},[26,127830,127831],{"className":28,"code":127327,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,127832,127833,127837],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,127834,127835],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,127836,4081],{"class":1143},[36,127838,127839],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,127840,4020],{"class":1143},[376,127842,8489,127844,127846],{"id":127843},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[33,127845,126261],{}," to remove the suffix",[14,127848,127849,127851],{},[33,127850,126261],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[26,127853,127855],{"className":28,"code":127854,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[33,127856,127857,127869,127891],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,127858,127859,127861,127863,127865,127867],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,127860,126286],{"class":42},[36,127862,47],{"class":46},[36,127864,99],{"class":87},[36,127866,126293],{"class":91},[36,127868,3403],{"class":87},[36,127870,127871,127873,127875,127877,127879,127881,127883,127885,127887,127889],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,127872,142],{"class":141},[36,127874,145],{"class":50},[36,127876,126304],{"class":148},[36,127878,303],{"class":50},[36,127880,126309],{"class":148},[36,127882,145],{"class":50},[36,127884,88],{"class":87},[36,127886,126316],{"class":91},[36,127888,88],{"class":87},[36,127890,445],{"class":50},[36,127892,127893,127895,127897,127899],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,127894,142],{"class":141},[36,127896,145],{"class":50},[36,127898,126304],{"class":148},[36,127900,152],{"class":50},[14,127902,182],{},[26,127904,127906],{"className":28,"code":127905,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"True\nreport.csv\n",[33,127907,127908,127912],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,127909,127910],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,127911,4020],{"class":1143},[36,127913,127914,127917,127919],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,127915,127916],{"class":42},"report",[36,127918,303],{"class":50},[36,127920,127921],{"class":24783},"csv\n",[14,127923,127924,127925,303],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[294,127926,127927],{"href":124371},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[14,127929,66099],{},[246,127931,127932,127935,127938,127941],{},[249,127933,127934],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[249,127936,127937],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[249,127939,127940],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[249,127942,1462,127943,44667,127945,298,127947,111400],{},[33,127944,126261],{},[33,127946,124374],{},[33,127948,41690],{},[14,127950,30169],{},[26,127952,127954],{"className":28,"code":127953,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[33,127955,127956,127966,127980,128002,128028],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,127957,127958,127960,127962,127964],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,127959,142],{"class":141},[36,127961,145],{"class":50},[36,127963,34743],{"class":148},[36,127965,152],{"class":50},[36,127967,127968,127970,127972,127974,127976,127978],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,127969,142],{"class":141},[36,127971,145],{"class":50},[36,127973,41816],{"class":141},[36,127975,145],{"class":50},[36,127977,34743],{"class":148},[36,127979,445],{"class":50},[36,127981,127982,127984,127986,127988,127990,127992,127994,127996,127998,128000],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,127983,142],{"class":141},[36,127985,145],{"class":50},[36,127987,34743],{"class":148},[36,127989,303],{"class":50},[36,127991,126309],{"class":148},[36,127993,145],{"class":50},[36,127995,211],{"class":87},[36,127997,126316],{"class":91},[36,127999,211],{"class":87},[36,128001,445],{"class":50},[36,128003,128004,128006,128008,128010,128012,128014,128016,128018,128020,128022,128024,128026],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,128005,142],{"class":141},[36,128007,145],{"class":50},[36,128009,34743],{"class":148},[36,128011,303],{"class":50},[36,128013,8677],{"class":148},[36,128015,8674],{"class":50},[36,128017,126309],{"class":148},[36,128019,145],{"class":50},[36,128021,211],{"class":87},[36,128023,126316],{"class":91},[36,128025,211],{"class":87},[36,128027,445],{"class":50},[36,128029,128030,128032,128034,128036,128038,128040],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,128031,142],{"class":141},[36,128033,145],{"class":50},[36,128035,818],{"class":80},[36,128037,145],{"class":50},[36,128039,34743],{"class":148},[36,128041,445],{"class":50},[21,128043,1872],{"id":1871},[376,128045,12735,128047,128049],{"id":128046},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[33,128048,126261],{}," change the string?",[14,128051,128052,128053,298,128055,303],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[33,128054,3649],{},[33,128056,3716],{},[376,128058,5210,128060,128062],{"id":128059},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[33,128061,126261],{}," check more than one ending?",[14,128064,128065,128066,303],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[33,128067,128068],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[376,128070,14936,128072,124539],{"id":128071},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[33,128073,126261],{},[14,128075,128076,128077,298,128079,128082],{},"Yes. Use ",[33,128078,123933],{},[33,128080,128081],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[376,128084,5220,128086,482,128088,2541],{"id":128085},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[33,128087,126261],{},[33,128089,124198],{},[14,128091,128092,128094,128095,128097],{},[33,128093,126261],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[33,128096,124198],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[21,128099,1923],{"id":1922},[246,128101,128102,128108,128114,128118,128122],{},[249,128103,128104],{},[294,128105,126203,128106,1939],{"href":127568},[33,128107,127571],{},[249,128109,128110],{},[294,128111,126203,128112,1939],{"href":123930},[33,128113,123933],{},[249,128115,128116],{},[294,128117,124602],{"href":123458},[249,128119,128120],{},[294,128121,124609],{"href":124371},[249,128123,128124],{},[294,128125,124958],{"href":51014},[1962,128127,128128],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":128130},[128131,128132,128134,128135,128140,128141,128147,128148,128149,128157,128167],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":126369,"depth":72,"text":128133},"What endswith() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":126584,"depth":72,"text":126585,"children":128136},[128137,128138,128139],{"id":126498,"depth":118,"text":126498},{"id":36109,"depth":118,"text":36109},{"id":52699,"depth":118,"text":52699},{"id":17448,"depth":72,"text":17449},{"id":126997,"depth":72,"text":126998,"children":128142},[128143,128144,128145,128146],{"id":127001,"depth":118,"text":127002},{"id":127055,"depth":118,"text":127056},{"id":127112,"depth":118,"text":127113},{"id":127166,"depth":118,"text":127167},{"id":123849,"depth":72,"text":123850},{"id":127400,"depth":72,"text":127401},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455,"children":128150},[128151,128152,128153,128155],{"id":127580,"depth":118,"text":127581},{"id":127658,"depth":118,"text":127659},{"id":127755,"depth":118,"text":128154},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127843,"depth":118,"text":128156},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":128158},[128159,128161,128163,128165],{"id":128046,"depth":118,"text":128160},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128059,"depth":118,"text":128162},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128071,"depth":118,"text":128164},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128085,"depth":118,"text":128166},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126253,"description":128168},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128175,"title":128176,"body":128177,"description":129845,"extension":2009,"meta":129846,"navigation":134,"path":129847,"seo":129848,"stem":129849,"__hash__":129850},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128178,"toc":129818},[128179,128184,128189,128194,128199,128292,128302,128307,128312,128327,128329,128411,128419,128421,128423,128450,128452,128468,128475,128477,128585,128587,128592,128608,128610,128705,128713,128716,128722,128727,128732,128739,128878,128881,128894,128896,128900,128907,128977,128980,129029,129036,129043,129057,129062,129067,129113,129159,129175,129177,129182,129196,129199,129321,129326,129328,129333,129366,129369,129445,129447,129456,129470,129473,129557,129560,129671,129674,129702,129704,129711,129715,129721,129724,129730,129733,129740,129751,129757,129764,129766,129815],[10,128180,123203,128182,11352],{"id":128181},"python-string-find-method",[33,128183,124198],{},[14,128185,123208,128186,128188],{},[33,128187,124198],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[14,128190,128191,128192,303],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[33,128193,65890],{},[14,128195,495,128196,128198],{},[33,128197,124198],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[26,128200,128202],{"className":28,"code":128201,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[33,128203,128204,128216,128239,128252,128256,128279],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,128205,128206,128208,128210,128212,128214],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,128207,34722],{"class":42},[36,128209,47],{"class":46},[36,128211,99],{"class":87},[36,128213,60445],{"class":91},[36,128215,3403],{"class":87},[36,128217,128218,128220,128222,128224,128226,128229,128231,128233,128235,128237],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,128219,64955],{"class":42},[36,128221,47],{"class":46},[36,128223,42879],{"class":42},[36,128225,303],{"class":50},[36,128227,128228],{"class":148},"find",[36,128230,145],{"class":50},[36,128232,88],{"class":87},[36,128234,60626],{"class":91},[36,128236,88],{"class":87},[36,128238,152],{"class":50},[36,128240,128241,128243,128245,128247,128249],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,128242,142],{"class":141},[36,128244,145],{"class":50},[36,128246,64982],{"class":148},[36,128248,3703],{"class":50},[36,128250,128251],{"class":1617},"   # 6\n",[36,128253,128254],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,128255,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,128257,128258,128261,128263,128265,128267,128269,128271,128273,128275,128277],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,128259,128260],{"class":42},"missing ",[36,128262,47],{"class":46},[36,128264,42879],{"class":42},[36,128266,303],{"class":50},[36,128268,128228],{"class":148},[36,128270,145],{"class":50},[36,128272,88],{"class":87},[36,128274,30],{"class":91},[36,128276,88],{"class":87},[36,128278,152],{"class":50},[36,128280,128281,128283,128285,128287,128289],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,128282,142],{"class":141},[36,128284,145],{"class":50},[36,128286,26807],{"class":148},[36,128288,3703],{"class":50},[36,128290,128291],{"class":1617},"    # -1\n",[43618,128293,128294],{},[14,128295,495,128296,128298,128299,128301],{},[33,128297,124198],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[33,128300,65890],{}," if the substring is not found.",[21,128303,3720,128305,3723],{"id":128304},"what-find-does",[33,128306,124198],{},[14,128308,128309,128311],{},[33,128310,124198],{}," is a string method that:",[246,128313,128314,128317,128320,128325],{},[249,128315,128316],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[249,128318,128319],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[249,128321,11454,128322,128324],{},[33,128323,65890],{}," if no match is found",[249,128326,126389],{},[14,128328,2257],{},[26,128330,128332],{"className":28,"code":128331,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[33,128333,128334,128346,128350,128374,128398],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,128335,128336,128338,128340,128342,128344],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,128337,34722],{"class":42},[36,128339,47],{"class":46},[36,128341,99],{"class":87},[36,128343,102],{"class":91},[36,128345,3403],{"class":87},[36,128347,128348],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,128349,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,128351,128352,128354,128356,128358,128360,128362,128364,128366,128368,128370,128372],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,128353,142],{"class":141},[36,128355,145],{"class":50},[36,128357,34743],{"class":148},[36,128359,303],{"class":50},[36,128361,128228],{"class":148},[36,128363,145],{"class":50},[36,128365,88],{"class":87},[36,128367,123296],{"class":91},[36,128369,88],{"class":87},[36,128371,5402],{"class":50},[36,128373,57683],{"class":1617},[36,128375,128376,128378,128380,128382,128384,128386,128388,128390,128392,128394,128396],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,128377,142],{"class":141},[36,128379,145],{"class":50},[36,128381,34743],{"class":148},[36,128383,303],{"class":50},[36,128385,128228],{"class":148},[36,128387,145],{"class":50},[36,128389,88],{"class":87},[36,128391,2222],{"class":91},[36,128393,88],{"class":87},[36,128395,5402],{"class":50},[36,128397,128291],{"class":1617},[36,128399,128400,128402,128404,128406,128408],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,128401,142],{"class":141},[36,128403,145],{"class":50},[36,128405,34743],{"class":148},[36,128407,3703],{"class":50},[36,128409,128410],{"class":1617},"              # banana\n",[14,128412,20803,128413,128416,128417,303],{},[33,128414,128415],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[33,128418,481],{},[21,128420,2205],{"id":2204},[14,128422,2208],{},[26,128424,128426],{"className":28,"code":128425,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[33,128427,128428],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,128429,128430,128432,128434,128436,128438,128440,128442,128444,128446,128448],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,128431,61209],{"class":42},[36,128433,303],{"class":50},[36,128435,128228],{"class":148},[36,128437,145],{"class":50},[36,128439,1495],{"class":148},[36,128441,58],{"class":50},[36,128443,36088],{"class":148},[36,128445,58],{"class":50},[36,128447,65076],{"class":148},[36,128449,152],{"class":50},[376,128451,17425],{"id":17424},[246,128453,128454,128458,128463],{},[249,128455,128456,123395],{},[33,128457,1495],{},[249,128459,128460,128462],{},[33,128461,36109],{},": optional starting position",[249,128464,128465,128467],{},[33,128466,52699],{},": optional ending position",[14,128469,128470,482,128472,128474],{},[33,128471,36109],{},[33,128473,52699],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[14,128476,126532],{},[26,128478,128480],{"className":28,"code":128479,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[33,128481,128482,128494,128498,128523,128552],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,128483,128484,128486,128488,128490,128492],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,128485,34722],{"class":42},[36,128487,47],{"class":46},[36,128489,99],{"class":87},[36,128491,60445],{"class":91},[36,128493,3403],{"class":87},[36,128495,128496],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,128497,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,128499,128500,128502,128504,128506,128508,128510,128512,128514,128516,128518,128520],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,128501,142],{"class":141},[36,128503,145],{"class":50},[36,128505,34743],{"class":148},[36,128507,303],{"class":50},[36,128509,128228],{"class":148},[36,128511,145],{"class":50},[36,128513,88],{"class":87},[36,128515,768],{"class":91},[36,128517,88],{"class":87},[36,128519,5402],{"class":50},[36,128521,128522],{"class":1617},"        # 4\n",[36,128524,128525,128527,128529,128531,128533,128535,128537,128539,128541,128543,128545,128547,128549],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,128526,142],{"class":141},[36,128528,145],{"class":50},[36,128530,34743],{"class":148},[36,128532,303],{"class":50},[36,128534,128228],{"class":148},[36,128536,145],{"class":50},[36,128538,88],{"class":87},[36,128540,768],{"class":91},[36,128542,88],{"class":87},[36,128544,58],{"class":50},[36,128546,4644],{"class":54},[36,128548,5402],{"class":50},[36,128550,128551],{"class":1617},"     # 7\n",[36,128553,128554,128556,128558,128560,128562,128564,128566,128568,128570,128572,128574,128576,128578,128580,128582],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,128555,142],{"class":141},[36,128557,145],{"class":50},[36,128559,34743],{"class":148},[36,128561,303],{"class":50},[36,128563,128228],{"class":148},[36,128565,145],{"class":50},[36,128567,88],{"class":87},[36,128569,768],{"class":91},[36,128571,88],{"class":87},[36,128573,58],{"class":50},[36,128575,4644],{"class":54},[36,128577,58],{"class":50},[36,128579,6033],{"class":54},[36,128581,5402],{"class":50},[36,128583,128584],{"class":1617},"  # -1\n",[21,128586,38056],{"id":38055},[14,128588,57582,128589,128591],{},[33,128590,124198],{}," is always an integer.",[246,128593,128594,128600,128603],{},[249,128595,128596,128597,128599],{},"A number ",[33,128598,2166],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[249,128601,128602],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[249,128604,128605,128607],{},[33,128606,65890],{}," means the substring was not found",[14,128609,2257],{},[26,128611,128613],{"className":28,"code":128612,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[33,128614,128615,128627,128631,128656,128681],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,128616,128617,128619,128621,128623,128625],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,128618,34722],{"class":42},[36,128620,47],{"class":46},[36,128622,99],{"class":87},[36,128624,30],{"class":91},[36,128626,3403],{"class":87},[36,128628,128629],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,128630,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,128632,128633,128635,128637,128639,128641,128643,128645,128647,128650,128652,128654],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,128634,142],{"class":141},[36,128636,145],{"class":50},[36,128638,34743],{"class":148},[36,128640,303],{"class":50},[36,128642,128228],{"class":148},[36,128644,145],{"class":50},[36,128646,88],{"class":87},[36,128648,128649],{"class":91},"py",[36,128651,88],{"class":87},[36,128653,5402],{"class":50},[36,128655,20800],{"class":1617},[36,128657,128658,128660,128662,128664,128666,128668,128670,128672,128675,128677,128679],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,128659,142],{"class":141},[36,128661,145],{"class":50},[36,128663,34743],{"class":148},[36,128665,303],{"class":50},[36,128667,128228],{"class":148},[36,128669,145],{"class":50},[36,128671,88],{"class":87},[36,128673,128674],{"class":91},"th",[36,128676,88],{"class":87},[36,128678,5402],{"class":50},[36,128680,57683],{"class":1617},[36,128682,128683,128685,128687,128689,128691,128693,128695,128697,128699,128701,128703],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,128684,142],{"class":141},[36,128686,145],{"class":50},[36,128688,34743],{"class":148},[36,128690,303],{"class":50},[36,128692,128228],{"class":148},[36,128694,145],{"class":50},[36,128696,88],{"class":87},[36,128698,22109],{"class":91},[36,128700,88],{"class":87},[36,128702,5402],{"class":50},[36,128704,128291],{"class":1617},[14,128706,89944,128707,8492,128709,298,128711,303],{},[33,128708,124198],{},[33,128710,3649],{},[33,128712,3716],{},[14,128714,128715],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[21,128717,1462,128718,482,128720],{"id":65442},[33,128719,36109],{},[33,128721,52699],{},[14,128723,495,128724,128726],{},[33,128725,36109],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[14,128728,495,128729,128731],{},[33,128730,52699],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[14,128733,2026,128734,75496,128736,128738],{},[33,128735,52699],{},[180,128737,65105],{}," in the search.",[26,128740,128742],{"className":28,"code":128741,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[33,128743,128744,128757,128761,128785,128814,128846],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,128745,128746,128748,128750,128752,128755],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,128747,34722],{"class":42},[36,128749,47],{"class":46},[36,128751,99],{"class":87},[36,128753,128754],{"class":91},"one two three two",[36,128756,3403],{"class":87},[36,128758,128759],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,128760,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,128762,128763,128765,128767,128769,128771,128773,128775,128777,128779,128781,128783],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,128764,142],{"class":141},[36,128766,145],{"class":50},[36,128768,34743],{"class":148},[36,128770,303],{"class":50},[36,128772,128228],{"class":148},[36,128774,145],{"class":50},[36,128776,88],{"class":87},[36,128778,79305],{"class":91},[36,128780,88],{"class":87},[36,128782,5402],{"class":50},[36,128784,128522],{"class":1617},[36,128786,128787,128789,128791,128793,128795,128797,128799,128801,128803,128805,128807,128809,128811],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,128788,142],{"class":141},[36,128790,145],{"class":50},[36,128792,34743],{"class":148},[36,128794,303],{"class":50},[36,128796,128228],{"class":148},[36,128798,145],{"class":50},[36,128800,88],{"class":87},[36,128802,79305],{"class":91},[36,128804,88],{"class":87},[36,128806,58],{"class":50},[36,128808,4644],{"class":54},[36,128810,5402],{"class":50},[36,128812,128813],{"class":1617},"     # 14\n",[36,128815,128816,128818,128820,128822,128824,128826,128828,128830,128832,128834,128836,128838,128840,128842,128844],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,128817,142],{"class":141},[36,128819,145],{"class":50},[36,128821,34743],{"class":148},[36,128823,303],{"class":50},[36,128825,128228],{"class":148},[36,128827,145],{"class":50},[36,128829,88],{"class":87},[36,128831,79305],{"class":91},[36,128833,88],{"class":87},[36,128835,58],{"class":50},[36,128837,3875],{"class":54},[36,128839,58],{"class":50},[36,128841,6033],{"class":54},[36,128843,5402],{"class":50},[36,128845,50974],{"class":1617},[36,128847,128848,128850,128852,128854,128856,128858,128860,128862,128864,128866,128868,128870,128872,128874,128876],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,128849,142],{"class":141},[36,128851,145],{"class":50},[36,128853,34743],{"class":148},[36,128855,303],{"class":50},[36,128857,128228],{"class":148},[36,128859,145],{"class":50},[36,128861,88],{"class":87},[36,128863,79305],{"class":91},[36,128865,88],{"class":87},[36,128867,58],{"class":50},[36,128869,3875],{"class":54},[36,128871,58],{"class":50},[36,128873,559],{"class":54},[36,128875,5402],{"class":50},[36,128877,128584],{"class":1617},[14,128879,128880],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[14,128882,128883,128884,55108,128888,303],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[294,128885,128887],{"href":128886},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[294,128889,128891,128893],{"href":128890},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[33,128892,60566],{}," string method",[21,128895,123850],{"id":123849},[14,128897,128898,123661],{},[33,128899,124198],{},[14,128901,127248,128902,482,128904,128906],{},[33,128903,90452],{},[33,128905,64570],{}," are treated as different text.",[26,128908,128910],{"className":28,"code":128909,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[33,128911,128912,128925,128929,128953],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,128913,128914,128916,128918,128920,128923],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,128915,34722],{"class":42},[36,128917,47],{"class":46},[36,128919,99],{"class":87},[36,128921,128922],{"class":91},"Hello World",[36,128924,3403],{"class":87},[36,128926,128927],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,128928,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,128930,128931,128933,128935,128937,128939,128941,128943,128945,128947,128949,128951],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,128932,142],{"class":141},[36,128934,145],{"class":50},[36,128936,34743],{"class":148},[36,128938,303],{"class":50},[36,128940,128228],{"class":148},[36,128942,145],{"class":50},[36,128944,88],{"class":87},[36,128946,34902],{"class":91},[36,128948,88],{"class":87},[36,128950,5402],{"class":50},[36,128952,51286],{"class":1617},[36,128954,128955,128957,128959,128961,128963,128965,128967,128969,128971,128973,128975],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,128956,142],{"class":141},[36,128958,145],{"class":50},[36,128960,34743],{"class":148},[36,128962,303],{"class":50},[36,128964,128228],{"class":148},[36,128966,145],{"class":50},[36,128968,88],{"class":87},[36,128970,708],{"class":91},[36,128972,88],{"class":87},[36,128974,5402],{"class":50},[36,128976,128584],{"class":1617},[14,128978,128979],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[26,128981,128983],{"className":28,"code":128982,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[33,128984,128985,128997,129001],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,128986,128987,128989,128991,128993,128995],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,128988,34722],{"class":42},[36,128990,47],{"class":46},[36,128992,99],{"class":87},[36,128994,128922],{"class":91},[36,128996,3403],{"class":87},[36,128998,128999],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,129000,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,129002,129003,129005,129007,129009,129011,129013,129015,129017,129019,129021,129023,129025,129027],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,129004,142],{"class":141},[36,129006,145],{"class":50},[36,129008,34743],{"class":148},[36,129010,303],{"class":50},[36,129012,8677],{"class":148},[36,129014,8674],{"class":50},[36,129016,128228],{"class":148},[36,129018,145],{"class":50},[36,129020,88],{"class":87},[36,129022,708],{"class":91},[36,129024,88],{"class":87},[36,129026,5402],{"class":50},[36,129028,51286],{"class":1617},[21,129030,129032,10615,129034],{"id":129031},"find-vs-index",[33,129033,124198],{},[33,129035,59006],{},[14,129037,129038,482,129040,129042],{},[33,129039,124198],{},[33,129041,59006],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[246,129044,129045,129051],{},[249,129046,129047,2448,129049],{},[33,129048,124198],{},[33,129050,65890],{},[249,129052,129053,52533,129055],{},[33,129054,59006],{},[33,129056,40740],{},[14,129058,495,129059,129061],{},[33,129060,124198],{}," when missing text is normal.",[14,129063,495,129064,129066],{},[33,129065,59006],{}," when the value must exist.",[26,129068,129070],{"className":28,"code":129069,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[33,129071,129072,129084,129088],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,129073,129074,129076,129078,129080,129082],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,129075,34722],{"class":42},[36,129077,47],{"class":46},[36,129079,99],{"class":87},[36,129081,708],{"class":91},[36,129083,3403],{"class":87},[36,129085,129086],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,129087,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,129089,129090,129092,129094,129096,129098,129100,129102,129104,129106,129108,129110],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,129091,142],{"class":141},[36,129093,145],{"class":50},[36,129095,34743],{"class":148},[36,129097,303],{"class":50},[36,129099,128228],{"class":148},[36,129101,145],{"class":50},[36,129103,88],{"class":87},[36,129105,2222],{"class":91},[36,129107,88],{"class":87},[36,129109,5402],{"class":50},[36,129111,129112],{"class":1617},"   # -1\n",[26,129114,129116],{"className":28,"code":129115,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[33,129117,129118,129130,129134],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,129119,129120,129122,129124,129126,129128],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,129121,34722],{"class":42},[36,129123,47],{"class":46},[36,129125,99],{"class":87},[36,129127,708],{"class":91},[36,129129,3403],{"class":87},[36,129131,129132],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,129133,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,129135,129136,129138,129140,129142,129144,129146,129148,129150,129152,129154,129156],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,129137,142],{"class":141},[36,129139,145],{"class":50},[36,129141,34743],{"class":148},[36,129143,303],{"class":50},[36,129145,35882],{"class":148},[36,129147,145],{"class":50},[36,129149,88],{"class":87},[36,129151,2222],{"class":91},[36,129153,88],{"class":87},[36,129155,5402],{"class":50},[36,129157,129158],{"class":1617},"  # ValueError\n",[14,129160,129161,129162,129166,129167,129169,129170,303],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[294,129163,129164,128893],{"href":124223},[33,129165,59006],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[33,129168,59006],{},", read ",[294,129171,25713,129172],{"href":73516},[33,129173,129174],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[21,129176,41082],{"id":41081},[14,129178,35441,129179,129181],{},[33,129180,124198],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[246,129183,129184,129187,129190,129193],{},[249,129185,129186],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[249,129188,129189],{},"Get the position of a word",[249,129191,129192],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[249,129194,129195],{},"Search before slicing a string",[14,129197,129198],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[26,129200,129202],{"className":28,"code":129201,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[33,129203,129204,129217,129240,129244,129259,129275,129294,129308],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,129205,129206,129208,129210,129212,129215],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,129207,34722],{"class":42},[36,129209,47],{"class":46},[36,129211,99],{"class":87},[36,129213,129214],{"class":91},"name:Alice",[36,129216,3403],{"class":87},[36,129218,129219,129222,129224,129226,129228,129230,129232,129234,129236,129238],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,129220,129221],{"class":42},"colon_pos ",[36,129223,47],{"class":46},[36,129225,42879],{"class":42},[36,129227,303],{"class":50},[36,129229,128228],{"class":148},[36,129231,145],{"class":50},[36,129233,88],{"class":87},[36,129235,1213],{"class":91},[36,129237,88],{"class":87},[36,129239,152],{"class":50},[36,129241,129242],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,129243,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,129245,129246,129248,129251,129253,129255,129257],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,129247,7037],{"class":3917},[36,129249,129250],{"class":42}," colon_pos ",[36,129252,72626],{"class":46},[36,129254,2272],{"class":46},[36,129256,55],{"class":54},[36,129258,6433],{"class":50},[36,129260,129261,129264,129266,129268,129270,129273],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,129262,129263],{"class":42},"    label ",[36,129265,47],{"class":46},[36,129267,42879],{"class":42},[36,129269,75569],{"class":50},[36,129271,129272],{"class":42},"colon_pos",[36,129274,1355],{"class":50},[36,129276,129277,129279,129281,129283,129285,129287,129289,129291],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,129278,27435],{"class":42},[36,129280,47],{"class":46},[36,129282,42879],{"class":42},[36,129284,3941],{"class":50},[36,129286,129221],{"class":42},[36,129288,2107],{"class":46},[36,129290,1340],{"class":54},[36,129292,129293],{"class":50},":]\n",[36,129295,129296,129298,129300,129303,129305],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,129297,8105],{"class":141},[36,129299,145],{"class":50},[36,129301,129302],{"class":148},"label",[36,129304,3703],{"class":50},[36,129306,129307],{"class":1617},"  # name\n",[36,129309,129310,129312,129314,129316,129318],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,129311,8105],{"class":141},[36,129313,145],{"class":50},[36,129315,1495],{"class":148},[36,129317,3703],{"class":50},[36,129319,129320],{"class":1617},"  # Alice\n",[14,129322,129323,129324,303],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[294,129325,127239],{"href":123458},[21,129327,1455],{"id":1454},[14,129329,129330,129331,1213],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[33,129332,124198],{},[246,129334,129335,129344,129350,129355,129361],{},[249,129336,8489,129337,8492,129339,298,129341,129343],{},[33,129338,124198],{},[33,129340,3649],{},[33,129342,3716],{}," instead of an index",[249,129345,129346,129347,129349],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[33,129348,65890],{}," when the substring is missing",[249,129351,1462,129352,129354],{},[33,129353,124198],{}," without handling case differences",[249,129356,37239,129357,8741,129359],{},[33,129358,124198],{},[33,129360,59006],{},[249,129362,4618,129363,129365],{},[33,129364,124198],{}," changes the string",[14,129367,129368],{},"Example of a mistake:",[26,129370,129372],{"className":28,"code":129371,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[33,129373,129374,129386,129390,129410,129425,129431],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,129375,129376,129378,129380,129382,129384],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,129377,34722],{"class":42},[36,129379,47],{"class":46},[36,129381,99],{"class":87},[36,129383,708],{"class":91},[36,129385,3403],{"class":87},[36,129387,129388],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,129389,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,129391,129392,129394,129396,129398,129400,129402,129404,129406,129408],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,129393,7037],{"class":3917},[36,129395,42879],{"class":42},[36,129397,303],{"class":50},[36,129399,128228],{"class":148},[36,129401,145],{"class":50},[36,129403,88],{"class":87},[36,129405,741],{"class":91},[36,129407,88],{"class":87},[36,129409,8378],{"class":50},[36,129411,129412,129414,129416,129418,129421,129423],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,129413,8105],{"class":141},[36,129415,145],{"class":50},[36,129417,88],{"class":87},[36,129419,129420],{"class":91},"Found",[36,129422,88],{"class":87},[36,129424,152],{"class":50},[36,129426,129427,129429],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,129428,27468],{"class":3917},[36,129430,6433],{"class":50},[36,129432,129433,129435,129437,129439,129441,129443],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,129434,8105],{"class":141},[36,129436,145],{"class":50},[36,129438,88],{"class":87},[36,129440,26349],{"class":91},[36,129442,88],{"class":87},[36,129444,152],{"class":50},[14,129446,1500],{},[26,129448,129450],{"className":28,"code":129449,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Not found\n",[33,129451,129452],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,129453,129454],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,129455,129449],{"class":42},[14,129457,45741,129458,129461,129462,17102,129464,129466,129467,129469],{},[33,129459,129460],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[33,129463,2166],{},[33,129465,2166],{}," is treated as false in an ",[33,129468,7037],{}," statement.",[14,129471,129472],{},"A safer version is:",[26,129474,129476],{"className":28,"code":129475,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[33,129477,129478,129490,129494,129523,129537,129543],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,129479,129480,129482,129484,129486,129488],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,129481,34722],{"class":42},[36,129483,47],{"class":46},[36,129485,99],{"class":87},[36,129487,708],{"class":91},[36,129489,3403],{"class":87},[36,129491,129492],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,129493,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,129495,129496,129498,129500,129502,129504,129506,129508,129510,129512,129514,129517,129519,129521],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,129497,7037],{"class":3917},[36,129499,42879],{"class":42},[36,129501,303],{"class":50},[36,129503,128228],{"class":148},[36,129505,145],{"class":50},[36,129507,88],{"class":87},[36,129509,741],{"class":91},[36,129511,88],{"class":87},[36,129513,3703],{"class":50},[36,129515,129516],{"class":46}," !=",[36,129518,2272],{"class":46},[36,129520,55],{"class":54},[36,129522,6433],{"class":50},[36,129524,129525,129527,129529,129531,129533,129535],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,129526,8105],{"class":141},[36,129528,145],{"class":50},[36,129530,88],{"class":87},[36,129532,129420],{"class":91},[36,129534,88],{"class":87},[36,129536,152],{"class":50},[36,129538,129539,129541],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,129540,27468],{"class":3917},[36,129542,6433],{"class":50},[36,129544,129545,129547,129549,129551,129553,129555],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,129546,8105],{"class":141},[36,129548,145],{"class":50},[36,129550,88],{"class":87},[36,129552,26349],{"class":91},[36,129554,88],{"class":87},[36,129556,152],{"class":50},[14,129558,129559],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[26,129561,129563],{"className":28,"code":129562,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[33,129564,129565,129587,129601,129627,129641],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,129566,129567,129569,129571,129573,129575,129577,129579,129581,129583,129585],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,129568,142],{"class":141},[36,129570,145],{"class":50},[36,129572,34743],{"class":148},[36,129574,303],{"class":50},[36,129576,128228],{"class":148},[36,129578,145],{"class":50},[36,129580,211],{"class":87},[36,129582,38427],{"class":91},[36,129584,211],{"class":87},[36,129586,445],{"class":50},[36,129588,129589,129591,129593,129595,129597,129599],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,129590,142],{"class":141},[36,129592,145],{"class":50},[36,129594,41816],{"class":141},[36,129596,145],{"class":50},[36,129598,34743],{"class":148},[36,129600,445],{"class":50},[36,129602,129603,129605,129607,129609,129611,129613,129615,129617,129619,129621,129623,129625],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,129604,142],{"class":141},[36,129606,145],{"class":50},[36,129608,34743],{"class":148},[36,129610,303],{"class":50},[36,129612,8677],{"class":148},[36,129614,8674],{"class":50},[36,129616,128228],{"class":148},[36,129618,145],{"class":50},[36,129620,211],{"class":87},[36,129622,38427],{"class":91},[36,129624,211],{"class":87},[36,129626,445],{"class":50},[36,129628,129629,129631,129633,129635,129637,129639],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,129630,142],{"class":141},[36,129632,145],{"class":50},[36,129634,438],{"class":141},[36,129636,145],{"class":50},[36,129638,34743],{"class":148},[36,129640,445],{"class":50},[36,129642,129643,129645,129647,129649,129651,129653,129655,129657,129659,129661,129663,129665,129667,129669],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,129644,142],{"class":141},[36,129646,145],{"class":50},[36,129648,34743],{"class":148},[36,129650,303],{"class":50},[36,129652,128228],{"class":148},[36,129654,145],{"class":50},[36,129656,211],{"class":87},[36,129658,38427],{"class":91},[36,129660,211],{"class":87},[36,129662,58],{"class":50},[36,129664,36088],{"class":148},[36,129666,58],{"class":50},[36,129668,65076],{"class":148},[36,129670,445],{"class":50},[14,129672,129673],{},"These help you check:",[246,129675,129676,129681,129686,129691,129694],{},[249,129677,129678,129679],{},"The actual result from ",[33,129680,124198],{},[249,129682,129683,129684],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[33,129685,122417],{},[249,129687,129688,129689],{},"Case differences with ",[33,129690,123933],{},[249,129692,129693],{},"The string length",[249,129695,129696,129697,482,129699,129701],{},"Whether your ",[33,129698,36109],{},[33,129700,52699],{}," values are correct",[21,129703,1872],{"id":1871},[376,129705,129707,129708,129710],{"id":129706},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[33,129709,124198],{}," return if the text is not found?",[14,129712,5188,129713,303],{},[33,129714,65890],{},[376,129716,12735,129718,129720],{"id":129717},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[33,129719,124198],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[14,129722,129723],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[376,129725,129727,129728,124539],{"id":129726},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[33,129729,124198],{},[14,129731,129732],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[376,129734,5220,129736,482,129738,69691],{"id":129735},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[33,129737,124198],{},[33,129739,59006],{},[14,129741,129742,2448,129744,129746,129747,52533,129749,303],{},[33,129743,124198],{},[33,129745,65890],{}," if not found, while ",[33,129748,59006],{},[33,129750,40740],{},[376,129752,28363,129754,129756],{"id":129753},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[33,129755,124198],{}," to search only part of a string?",[14,129758,129759,129760,482,129762,66189],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[33,129761,36109],{},[33,129763,52699],{},[21,129765,1923],{"id":1922},[246,129767,129768,129774,129780,129787,129793,129800,129804,129809],{},[249,129769,129770],{},[294,129771,126203,129772,1939],{"href":124223},[33,129773,59006],{},[249,129775,129776],{},[294,129777,126203,129778,1939],{"href":128890},[33,129779,60566],{},[249,129781,129782],{},[294,129783,126203,129785,1939],{"href":129784},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[33,129786,124374],{},[249,129788,129789],{},[294,129790,126203,129791,1939],{"href":127568},[33,129792,127571],{},[249,129794,129795],{},[294,129796,126203,129798,1939],{"href":129797},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[33,129799,126261],{},[249,129801,129802],{},[294,129803,124602],{"href":123458},[249,129805,129806],{},[294,129807,129808],{"href":128886},"How to split a string in Python",[249,129810,129811],{},[294,129812,26156,129813],{"href":73516},[33,129814,129174],{},[1962,129816,129817],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":129819},[129820,129822,129825,129826,129827,129828,129830,129831,129832,129844],{"id":128304,"depth":72,"text":129821},"What find() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205,"children":129823},[129824],{"id":17424,"depth":118,"text":17425},{"id":38055,"depth":72,"text":38056},{"id":65442,"depth":72,"text":66225},{"id":123849,"depth":72,"text":123850},{"id":129031,"depth":72,"text":129829},"find() vs index()",{"id":41081,"depth":72,"text":41082},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":129833},[129834,129836,129838,129840,129842],{"id":129706,"depth":118,"text":129835},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129717,"depth":118,"text":129837},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129726,"depth":118,"text":129839},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129735,"depth":118,"text":129841},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129753,"depth":118,"text":129843},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128176,"description":129845},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129852,"title":129853,"body":129854,"description":131780,"extension":2009,"meta":131781,"navigation":134,"path":131782,"seo":131783,"stem":131784,"__hash__":131785},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129855,"toc":131748},[129856,129861,129866,129869,129871,129947,129951,129979,129987,129991,129996,130000,130017,130019,130086,130090,130112,130120,130122,130125,130149,130152,130166,130168,130253,130257,130269,130272,130276,130282,130332,130336,130353,130362,130365,130373,130376,130425,130429,130454,130457,130512,130516,130528,130534,130538,130544,130549,130616,130620,130646,130649,130660,130662,130729,130733,130758,130765,130769,130774,130781,130789,130791,130843,130847,130865,130867,130912,130916,130931,130934,130944,130951,130953,130957,130960,130971,130973,131033,131037,131065,131068,131074,131079,131082,131086,131130,131133,131171,131174,131182,131184,131189,131193,131196,131244,131247,131250,131306,131310,131315,131318,131367,131369,131418,131424,131429,131431,131478,131482,131495,131497,131548,131554,131557,131561,131564,131570,131575,131577,131580,131652,131655,131672,131674,131679,131682,131686,131692,131698,131705,131711,131717,131719,131745],[10,129857,123203,129859,11352],{"id":129858},"python-string-format-method",[33,129860,126206],{},[14,129862,123208,129863,129865],{},[33,129864,126206],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[14,129867,129868],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[21,129870,2051],{"id":2050},[26,129872,129874],{"className":28,"code":129873,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[33,129875,129876,129888,129896,129900,129937],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,129877,129878,129880,129882,129884,129886],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,129879,7912],{"class":42},[36,129881,47],{"class":46},[36,129883,99],{"class":87},[36,129885,11539],{"class":91},[36,129887,3403],{"class":87},[36,129889,129890,129892,129894],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,129891,21660],{"class":42},[36,129893,47],{"class":46},[36,129895,88833],{"class":54},[36,129897,129898],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,129899,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,129901,129902,129904,129906,129908,129911,129913,129916,129918,129920,129922,129924,129927,129929,129931,129933,129935],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,129903,90041],{"class":42},[36,129905,47],{"class":46},[36,129907,99],{"class":87},[36,129909,129910],{"class":91},"My name is ",[36,129912,864],{"class":54},[36,129914,129915],{"class":91}," and I am ",[36,129917,864],{"class":54},[36,129919,122199],{"class":91},[36,129921,88],{"class":87},[36,129923,303],{"class":50},[36,129925,129926],{"class":148},"format",[36,129928,145],{"class":50},[36,129930,1250],{"class":148},[36,129932,58],{"class":50},[36,129934,9223],{"class":148},[36,129936,152],{"class":50},[36,129938,129939,129941,129943,129945],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,129940,142],{"class":141},[36,129942,145],{"class":50},[36,129944,90058],{"class":148},[36,129946,152],{"class":50},[14,129948,129949],{},[180,129950,182],{},[26,129952,129954],{"className":28,"code":129953,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[33,129955,129956],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,129957,129958,129961,129963,129966,129969,129972,129975,129977],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,129959,129960],{"class":42},"My name ",[36,129962,12224],{"class":46},[36,129964,129965],{"class":42}," Maya ",[36,129967,129968],{"class":46},"and",[36,129970,129971],{"class":42}," I am ",[36,129973,129974],{"class":54},"12",[36,129976,122232],{"class":42},[36,129978,122235],{"class":50},[14,129980,495,129981,129983,129984,129986],{},[33,129982,864],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[33,129985,126206],{}," in the same order.",[14,129988,124955,129989,303],{},[294,129990,124958],{"href":51014},[21,129992,13028,129994,13031],{"id":129993},"what-the-format-method-does",[33,129995,126206],{},[14,129997,2026,129998,11443],{},[33,129999,126206],{},[246,130001,130002,130005,130011,130014],{},[249,130003,130004],{},"inserts values into a string",[249,130006,130007,130008,130010],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[33,130009,864],{}," with given values",[249,130012,130013],{},"returns a new string",[249,130015,130016],{},"does not change the original string",[14,130018,2257],{},[26,130020,130022],{"className":28,"code":130021,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[33,130023,130024,130038,130061,130065,130076],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,130025,130026,130028,130030,130032,130034,130036],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,130027,34722],{"class":42},[36,130029,47],{"class":46},[36,130031,99],{"class":87},[36,130033,44939],{"class":91},[36,130035,864],{"class":54},[36,130037,3403],{"class":87},[36,130039,130040,130043,130045,130047,130049,130051,130053,130055,130057,130059],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,130041,130042],{"class":42},"new_text ",[36,130044,47],{"class":46},[36,130046,42879],{"class":42},[36,130048,303],{"class":50},[36,130050,129926],{"class":148},[36,130052,145],{"class":50},[36,130054,88],{"class":87},[36,130056,1259],{"class":91},[36,130058,88],{"class":87},[36,130060,152],{"class":50},[36,130062,130063],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,130064,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,130066,130067,130069,130071,130074],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,130068,142],{"class":141},[36,130070,145],{"class":50},[36,130072,130073],{"class":148},"new_text",[36,130075,152],{"class":50},[36,130077,130078,130080,130082,130084],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,130079,142],{"class":141},[36,130081,145],{"class":50},[36,130083,34743],{"class":148},[36,130085,152],{"class":50},[14,130087,130088],{},[180,130089,182],{},[26,130091,130093],{"className":28,"code":130092,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[33,130094,130095,130104],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,130096,130097,130099,130101],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,130098,34902],{"class":42},[36,130100,58],{"class":50},[36,130102,130103],{"class":42}," Sam\n",[36,130105,130106,130108,130110],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,130107,34902],{"class":42},[36,130109,58],{"class":50},[36,130111,886],{"class":50},[14,130113,2337,130114,130116,130117,130119],{},[33,130115,34743],{}," stays the same. ",[33,130118,126206],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[21,130121,2205],{"id":2204},[14,130123,130124],{},"The general form is:",[26,130126,130128],{"className":28,"code":130127,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[33,130129,130130],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,130131,130132,130134,130137,130139,130141,130143,130145,130147],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,130133,88],{"class":43366},[36,130135,130136],{"class":43370},"text {}",[36,130138,88],{"class":43366},[36,130140,303],{"class":50},[36,130142,129926],{"class":148},[36,130144,145],{"class":50},[36,130146,1495],{"class":148},[36,130148,152],{"class":50},[14,130150,130151],{},"Key idea:",[246,130153,130154,130160,130163],{},[249,130155,130156,130157,130159],{},"each ",[33,130158,864],{}," is a placeholder",[249,130161,130162],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[249,130164,130165],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[14,130167,2257],{},[26,130169,130171],{"className":28,"code":130170,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[33,130172,130173,130186,130200,130204,130242],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,130174,130175,130178,130180,130182,130184],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,130176,130177],{"class":42},"animal ",[36,130179,47],{"class":46},[36,130181,99],{"class":87},[36,130183,37082],{"class":91},[36,130185,3403],{"class":87},[36,130187,130188,130191,130193,130195,130198],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,130189,130190],{"class":42},"sound ",[36,130192,47],{"class":46},[36,130194,99],{"class":87},[36,130196,130197],{"class":91},"meow",[36,130199,3403],{"class":87},[36,130201,130202],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,130203,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,130205,130206,130209,130211,130213,130215,130217,130220,130222,130224,130226,130228,130230,130232,130235,130237,130240],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,130207,130208],{"class":42},"sentence ",[36,130210,47],{"class":46},[36,130212,99],{"class":87},[36,130214,2026],{"class":91},[36,130216,864],{"class":54},[36,130218,130219],{"class":91}," says ",[36,130221,864],{"class":54},[36,130223,303],{"class":91},[36,130225,88],{"class":87},[36,130227,303],{"class":50},[36,130229,129926],{"class":148},[36,130231,145],{"class":50},[36,130233,130234],{"class":148},"animal",[36,130236,58],{"class":50},[36,130238,130239],{"class":148}," sound",[36,130241,152],{"class":50},[36,130243,130244,130246,130248,130251],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,130245,142],{"class":141},[36,130247,145],{"class":50},[36,130249,130250],{"class":148},"sentence",[36,130252,152],{"class":50},[14,130254,130255],{},[180,130256,182],{},[26,130258,130260],{"className":28,"code":130259,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"The cat says meow.\n",[33,130261,130262],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,130263,130264,130267],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,130265,130266],{"class":42},"The cat says meow",[36,130268,122235],{"class":50},[14,130270,130271],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[21,130273,130275],{"id":130274},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[14,130277,130278,130279,130281],{},"You can use empty braces ",[33,130280,864],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[26,130283,130285],{"className":28,"code":130284,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[33,130286,130287],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,130288,130289,130291,130293,130295,130298,130300,130302,130304,130306,130308,130310,130312,130314,130316,130319,130321,130323,130325,130328,130330],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,130290,142],{"class":141},[36,130292,145],{"class":50},[36,130294,88],{"class":87},[36,130296,130297],{"class":91},"I like ",[36,130299,864],{"class":54},[36,130301,482],{"class":91},[36,130303,864],{"class":54},[36,130305,303],{"class":91},[36,130307,88],{"class":87},[36,130309,303],{"class":50},[36,130311,129926],{"class":148},[36,130313,145],{"class":50},[36,130315,88],{"class":87},[36,130317,130318],{"class":91},"pizza",[36,130320,88],{"class":87},[36,130322,58],{"class":50},[36,130324,99],{"class":87},[36,130326,130327],{"class":91},"pasta",[36,130329,88],{"class":87},[36,130331,445],{"class":50},[14,130333,130334],{},[180,130335,182],{},[26,130337,130339],{"className":28,"code":130338,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[33,130340,130341],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,130342,130343,130346,130348,130351],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,130344,130345],{"class":42},"I like pizza ",[36,130347,129968],{"class":46},[36,130349,130350],{"class":42}," pasta",[36,130352,122235],{"class":50},[14,130354,130355,130356,482,130359,303],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[33,130357,130358],{},"{0}",[33,130360,130361],{},"{1}",[14,130363,130364],{},"This is helpful when:",[246,130366,130367,130370],{},[249,130368,130369],{},"you want to reuse a value",[249,130371,130372],{},"you want to change the order",[14,130374,130375],{},"Example with reused values:",[26,130377,130379],{"className":28,"code":130378,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[33,130380,130381,130415],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,130382,130383,130385,130387,130389,130391,130394,130396,130399,130401,130403,130405,130407,130409,130411,130413],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,130384,34722],{"class":42},[36,130386,47],{"class":46},[36,130388,99],{"class":87},[36,130390,130358],{"class":54},[36,130392,130393],{"class":91}," is learning Python. ",[36,130395,130358],{"class":54},[36,130397,130398],{"class":91}," likes coding.",[36,130400,88],{"class":87},[36,130402,303],{"class":50},[36,130404,129926],{"class":148},[36,130406,145],{"class":50},[36,130408,88],{"class":87},[36,130410,19914],{"class":91},[36,130412,88],{"class":87},[36,130414,152],{"class":50},[36,130416,130417,130419,130421,130423],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,130418,142],{"class":141},[36,130420,145],{"class":50},[36,130422,34743],{"class":148},[36,130424,152],{"class":50},[14,130426,130427],{},[180,130428,182],{},[26,130430,130432],{"className":28,"code":130431,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[33,130433,130434],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,130435,130436,130439,130441,130444,130446,130449,130452],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,130437,130438],{"class":42},"Lina ",[36,130440,12224],{"class":46},[36,130442,130443],{"class":42}," learning Python",[36,130445,303],{"class":50},[36,130447,130448],{"class":24783}," Lina",[36,130450,130451],{"class":42}," likes coding",[36,130453,122235],{"class":50},[14,130455,130456],{},"Example with changed order:",[26,130458,130460],{"className":28,"code":130459,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[33,130461,130462,130502],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,130463,130464,130466,130468,130470,130472,130474,130476,130478,130480,130482,130484,130486,130488,130490,130492,130494,130496,130498,130500],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,130465,34722],{"class":42},[36,130467,47],{"class":46},[36,130469,99],{"class":87},[36,130471,130361],{"class":54},[36,130473,83360],{"class":91},[36,130475,130358],{"class":54},[36,130477,303],{"class":91},[36,130479,88],{"class":87},[36,130481,303],{"class":50},[36,130483,129926],{"class":148},[36,130485,145],{"class":50},[36,130487,88],{"class":87},[36,130489,6625],{"class":91},[36,130491,88],{"class":87},[36,130493,58],{"class":50},[36,130495,99],{"class":87},[36,130497,79305],{"class":91},[36,130499,88],{"class":87},[36,130501,152],{"class":50},[36,130503,130504,130506,130508,130510],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,130505,142],{"class":141},[36,130507,145],{"class":50},[36,130509,34743],{"class":148},[36,130511,152],{"class":50},[14,130513,130514],{},[180,130515,182],{},[26,130517,130519],{"className":28,"code":130518,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"two comes after one.\n",[33,130520,130521],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,130522,130523,130526],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,130524,130525],{"class":42},"two comes after one",[36,130527,122235],{"class":50},[14,130529,130530,130531,130533],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[33,130532,864],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[21,130535,130537],{"id":130536},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[14,130539,130540,130541,303],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[33,130542,130543],{},"{name}",[14,130545,130546,130547,1213],{},"You pass matching names into ",[33,130548,126206],{},[26,130550,130552],{"className":28,"code":130551,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[33,130553,130554,130606],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,130555,130556,130558,130560,130562,130564,130566,130569,130572,130574,130576,130578,130580,130582,130584,130586,130588,130590,130592,130594,130596,130598,130600,130602,130604],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,130557,34722],{"class":42},[36,130559,47],{"class":46},[36,130561,99],{"class":87},[36,130563,129910],{"class":91},[36,130565,130543],{"class":54},[36,130567,130568],{"class":91}," and I live in ",[36,130570,130571],{"class":54},"{city}",[36,130573,303],{"class":91},[36,130575,88],{"class":87},[36,130577,303],{"class":50},[36,130579,129926],{"class":148},[36,130581,145],{"class":50},[36,130583,1250],{"class":9210},[36,130585,47],{"class":46},[36,130587,88],{"class":87},[36,130589,12912],{"class":91},[36,130591,88],{"class":87},[36,130593,58],{"class":50},[36,130595,31418],{"class":9210},[36,130597,47],{"class":46},[36,130599,88],{"class":87},[36,130601,16060],{"class":91},[36,130603,88],{"class":87},[36,130605,152],{"class":50},[36,130607,130608,130610,130612,130614],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,130609,142],{"class":141},[36,130611,145],{"class":50},[36,130613,34743],{"class":148},[36,130615,152],{"class":50},[14,130617,130618],{},[180,130619,182],{},[26,130621,130623],{"className":28,"code":130622,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[33,130624,130625],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,130626,130627,130629,130631,130634,130636,130639,130641,130644],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,130628,129960],{"class":42},[36,130630,12224],{"class":46},[36,130632,130633],{"class":42}," Ana ",[36,130635,129968],{"class":46},[36,130637,130638],{"class":42}," I live ",[36,130640,3924],{"class":46},[36,130642,130643],{"class":42}," Lima",[36,130645,122235],{"class":50},[14,130647,130648],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[246,130650,130651,130654,130657],{},[249,130652,130653],{},"they make code easier to read",[249,130655,130656],{},"they help when a string has many values",[249,130658,130659],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[14,130661,2257],{},[26,130663,130665],{"className":28,"code":130664,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[33,130666,130667,130719],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,130668,130669,130672,130674,130676,130679,130682,130685,130688,130690,130692,130694,130696,130698,130700,130702,130705,130707,130709,130712,130714,130717],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,130670,130671],{"class":42},"report ",[36,130673,47],{"class":46},[36,130675,99],{"class":87},[36,130677,130678],{"class":91},"Student: ",[36,130680,130681],{"class":54},"{student}",[36,130683,130684],{"class":91},", Score: ",[36,130686,130687],{"class":54},"{score}",[36,130689,88],{"class":87},[36,130691,303],{"class":50},[36,130693,129926],{"class":148},[36,130695,145],{"class":50},[36,130697,13659],{"class":9210},[36,130699,47],{"class":46},[36,130701,88],{"class":87},[36,130703,130704],{"class":91},"Noah",[36,130706,88],{"class":87},[36,130708,58],{"class":50},[36,130710,130711],{"class":9210}," score",[36,130713,47],{"class":46},[36,130715,130716],{"class":54},"95",[36,130718,152],{"class":50},[36,130720,130721,130723,130725,130727],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,130722,142],{"class":141},[36,130724,145],{"class":50},[36,130726,127916],{"class":148},[36,130728,152],{"class":50},[14,130730,130731],{},[180,130732,182],{},[26,130734,130736],{"className":28,"code":130735,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[33,130737,130738],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,130739,130740,130743,130745,130748,130750,130753,130755],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,130741,130742],{"class":42},"Student",[36,130744,1213],{"class":50},[36,130746,130747],{"class":42}," Noah",[36,130749,58],{"class":50},[36,130751,130752],{"class":42}," Score",[36,130754,1213],{"class":50},[36,130756,130757],{"class":54}," 95\n",[14,130759,130760,130761,303],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[294,130762,1935,130763,3554],{"href":42212},[33,130764,47721],{},[21,130766,130768],{"id":130767},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[14,130770,130771,130773],{},[33,130772,126206],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[14,130775,130776,130777,130780],{},"A common example is ",[33,130778,130779],{},":.2f",", which means:",[246,130782,130783,130786],{},[249,130784,130785],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[249,130787,130788],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[14,130790,2257],{},[26,130792,130794],{"className":28,"code":130793,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[33,130795,130796,130804,130833],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,130797,130798,130800,130802],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,130799,40424],{"class":42},[36,130801,47],{"class":46},[36,130803,49314],{"class":54},[36,130805,130806,130808,130810,130812,130815,130817,130819,130821,130823,130825,130827,130829,130831],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,130807,34722],{"class":42},[36,130809,47],{"class":46},[36,130811,99],{"class":87},[36,130813,130814],{"class":91},"Price: $",[36,130816,192],{"class":54},[36,130818,130779],{"class":847},[36,130820,22335],{"class":54},[36,130822,88],{"class":87},[36,130824,303],{"class":50},[36,130826,129926],{"class":148},[36,130828,145],{"class":50},[36,130830,25183],{"class":148},[36,130832,152],{"class":50},[36,130834,130835,130837,130839,130841],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,130836,142],{"class":141},[36,130838,145],{"class":50},[36,130840,34743],{"class":148},[36,130842,152],{"class":50},[14,130844,130845],{},[180,130846,182],{},[26,130848,130850],{"className":28,"code":130849,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Price: $3.50\n",[33,130851,130852],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,130853,130854,130857,130859,130862],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,130855,130856],{"class":42},"Price",[36,130858,1213],{"class":50},[36,130860,130861],{"class":37402}," $",[36,130863,130864],{"class":54},"3.50\n",[14,130866,1231],{},[26,130868,130870],{"className":28,"code":130869,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[33,130871,130872,130882],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,130873,130874,130877,130879],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,130875,130876],{"class":42},"average ",[36,130878,47],{"class":46},[36,130880,130881],{"class":54}," 91.236\n",[36,130883,130884,130886,130888,130890,130893,130895,130897,130899,130901,130903,130905,130907,130910],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,130885,142],{"class":141},[36,130887,145],{"class":50},[36,130889,88],{"class":87},[36,130891,130892],{"class":91},"Average: ",[36,130894,192],{"class":54},[36,130896,130779],{"class":847},[36,130898,22335],{"class":54},[36,130900,88],{"class":87},[36,130902,303],{"class":50},[36,130904,129926],{"class":148},[36,130906,145],{"class":50},[36,130908,130909],{"class":148},"average",[36,130911,445],{"class":50},[14,130913,130914],{},[180,130915,182],{},[26,130917,130919],{"className":28,"code":130918,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Average: 91.24\n",[33,130920,130921],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,130922,130923,130926,130928],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,130924,130925],{"class":42},"Average",[36,130927,1213],{"class":50},[36,130929,130930],{"class":54}," 91.24\n",[14,130932,130933],{},"This is useful for:",[246,130935,130936,130938,130941],{},[249,130937,83118],{},[249,130939,130940],{},"averages",[249,130942,130943],{},"percentages",[14,130945,130946,130947,303],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[294,130948,1935,130949,2354],{"href":46487},[33,130950,46490],{},[21,130952,17449],{"id":17448},[14,130954,130955,92555],{},[33,130956,126206],{},[14,130958,130959],{},"That means you can:",[246,130961,130962,130965,130968],{},[249,130963,130964],{},"save it in a variable",[249,130966,130967],{},"print it directly",[249,130969,130970],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[14,130972,2257],{},[26,130974,130976],{"className":28,"code":130975,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[33,130977,130978,131009,131019],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,130979,130980,130982,130984,130986,130988,130990,130992,130994,130996,130998,131000,131002,131005,131007],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,130981,90041],{"class":42},[36,130983,47],{"class":46},[36,130985,99],{"class":87},[36,130987,44939],{"class":91},[36,130989,864],{"class":54},[36,130991,89882],{"class":91},[36,130993,88],{"class":87},[36,130995,303],{"class":50},[36,130997,129926],{"class":148},[36,130999,145],{"class":50},[36,131001,88],{"class":87},[36,131003,131004],{"class":91},"Chris",[36,131006,88],{"class":87},[36,131008,152],{"class":50},[36,131010,131011,131013,131015,131017],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,131012,142],{"class":141},[36,131014,145],{"class":50},[36,131016,90058],{"class":148},[36,131018,152],{"class":50},[36,131020,131021,131023,131025,131027,131029,131031],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,131022,142],{"class":141},[36,131024,145],{"class":50},[36,131026,818],{"class":80},[36,131028,145],{"class":50},[36,131030,90058],{"class":148},[36,131032,445],{"class":50},[14,131034,131035],{},[180,131036,182],{},[26,131038,131040],{"className":28,"code":131039,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[33,131041,131042,131051],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,131043,131044,131046,131048],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,131045,34902],{"class":42},[36,131047,58],{"class":50},[36,131049,131050],{"class":42}," Chris!\n",[36,131052,131053,131055,131057,131059,131061,131063],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,131054,844],{"class":46},[36,131056,848],{"class":847},[36,131058,220],{"class":87},[36,131060,3488],{"class":91},[36,131062,211],{"class":87},[36,131064,857],{"class":46},[14,131066,131067],{},"The original string is not changed.",[21,131069,131071,131073],{"id":131070},"format-vs-f-strings",[33,131072,126206],{}," vs f-strings",[14,131075,131076,131078],{},[33,131077,126206],{}," is a string method.",[14,131080,131081],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[14,131083,46078,131084,1213],{},[33,131085,126206],{},[26,131087,131089],{"className":28,"code":131088,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[33,131090,131091,131104],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,131092,131093,131095,131097,131099,131102],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,131094,7912],{"class":42},[36,131096,47],{"class":46},[36,131098,99],{"class":87},[36,131100,131101],{"class":91},"Rita",[36,131103,3403],{"class":87},[36,131105,131106,131108,131110,131112,131114,131116,131118,131120,131122,131124,131126,131128],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,131107,142],{"class":141},[36,131109,145],{"class":50},[36,131111,88],{"class":87},[36,131113,44939],{"class":91},[36,131115,864],{"class":54},[36,131117,89882],{"class":91},[36,131119,88],{"class":87},[36,131121,303],{"class":50},[36,131123,129926],{"class":148},[36,131125,145],{"class":50},[36,131127,1250],{"class":148},[36,131129,445],{"class":50},[14,131131,131132],{},"Example with an f-string:",[26,131134,131136],{"className":28,"code":131135,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[33,131137,131138,131150],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,131139,131140,131142,131144,131146,131148],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,131141,7912],{"class":42},[36,131143,47],{"class":46},[36,131145,99],{"class":87},[36,131147,131101],{"class":91},[36,131149,3403],{"class":87},[36,131151,131152,131154,131156,131158,131160,131162,131164,131166,131169],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,131153,142],{"class":141},[36,131155,145],{"class":50},[36,131157,22326],{"class":847},[36,131159,43384],{"class":91},[36,131161,192],{"class":54},[36,131163,1250],{"class":148},[36,131165,22335],{"class":54},[36,131167,131168],{"class":91},"!\"",[36,131170,152],{"class":50},[14,131172,131173],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[14,131175,131176,131177,131179,131180,303],{},"This page focuses on how ",[33,131178,126206],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[294,131181,89727],{"href":89726},[21,131183,1455],{"id":1454},[14,131185,131186,131187,303],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[33,131188,126206],{},[376,131190,131192],{"id":131191},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[14,131194,131195],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[26,131197,131199],{"className":28,"code":131198,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[33,131200,131201,131234],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,131202,131203,131205,131207,131209,131211,131213,131216,131218,131220,131222,131224,131226,131228,131230,131232],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,131204,34722],{"class":42},[36,131206,47],{"class":46},[36,131208,99],{"class":87},[36,131210,44939],{"class":91},[36,131212,864],{"class":54},[36,131214,131215],{"class":54}," {}",[36,131217,89882],{"class":91},[36,131219,88],{"class":87},[36,131221,303],{"class":50},[36,131223,129926],{"class":148},[36,131225,145],{"class":50},[36,131227,88],{"class":87},[36,131229,1259],{"class":91},[36,131231,88],{"class":87},[36,131233,152],{"class":50},[36,131235,131236,131238,131240,131242],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,131237,142],{"class":141},[36,131239,145],{"class":50},[36,131241,34743],{"class":148},[36,131243,152],{"class":50},[14,131245,131246],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[14,131248,131249],{},"Fixed version:",[26,131251,131253],{"className":28,"code":131252,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[33,131254,131255,131296],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,131256,131257,131259,131261,131263,131265,131267,131269,131271,131273,131275,131277,131279,131281,131283,131285,131287,131289,131292,131294],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,131258,34722],{"class":42},[36,131260,47],{"class":46},[36,131262,99],{"class":87},[36,131264,44939],{"class":91},[36,131266,864],{"class":54},[36,131268,131215],{"class":54},[36,131270,89882],{"class":91},[36,131272,88],{"class":87},[36,131274,303],{"class":50},[36,131276,129926],{"class":148},[36,131278,145],{"class":50},[36,131280,88],{"class":87},[36,131282,1259],{"class":91},[36,131284,88],{"class":87},[36,131286,58],{"class":50},[36,131288,99],{"class":87},[36,131290,131291],{"class":91},"Lee",[36,131293,88],{"class":87},[36,131295,152],{"class":50},[36,131297,131298,131300,131302,131304],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,131299,142],{"class":141},[36,131301,145],{"class":50},[36,131303,34743],{"class":148},[36,131305,152],{"class":50},[376,131307,131309],{"id":131308},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[14,131311,131312,131313,303],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[33,131314,126206],{},[14,131316,131317],{},"Problem:",[26,131319,131321],{"className":28,"code":131320,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[33,131322,131323,131357],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,131324,131325,131327,131329,131331,131333,131335,131337,131339,131341,131343,131345,131347,131349,131351,131353,131355],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,131326,34722],{"class":42},[36,131328,47],{"class":46},[36,131330,99],{"class":87},[36,131332,44939],{"class":91},[36,131334,130543],{"class":54},[36,131336,89882],{"class":91},[36,131338,88],{"class":87},[36,131340,303],{"class":50},[36,131342,129926],{"class":148},[36,131344,145],{"class":50},[36,131346,8021],{"class":9210},[36,131348,47],{"class":46},[36,131350,88],{"class":87},[36,131352,1259],{"class":91},[36,131354,88],{"class":87},[36,131356,152],{"class":50},[36,131358,131359,131361,131363,131365],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,131360,142],{"class":141},[36,131362,145],{"class":50},[36,131364,34743],{"class":148},[36,131366,152],{"class":50},[14,131368,131249],{},[26,131370,131372],{"className":28,"code":131371,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[33,131373,131374,131408],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,131375,131376,131378,131380,131382,131384,131386,131388,131390,131392,131394,131396,131398,131400,131402,131404,131406],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,131377,34722],{"class":42},[36,131379,47],{"class":46},[36,131381,99],{"class":87},[36,131383,44939],{"class":91},[36,131385,130543],{"class":54},[36,131387,89882],{"class":91},[36,131389,88],{"class":87},[36,131391,303],{"class":50},[36,131393,129926],{"class":148},[36,131395,145],{"class":50},[36,131397,1250],{"class":9210},[36,131399,47],{"class":46},[36,131401,88],{"class":87},[36,131403,1259],{"class":91},[36,131405,88],{"class":87},[36,131407,152],{"class":50},[36,131409,131410,131412,131414,131416],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,131411,142],{"class":141},[36,131413,145],{"class":50},[36,131415,34743],{"class":148},[36,131417,152],{"class":50},[376,131419,8489,131421,131423],{"id":131420},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[33,131422,126206],{}," to change the original string",[14,131425,131426,131428],{},[33,131427,126206],{}," does not modify the original string.",[14,131430,131317],{},[26,131432,131434],{"className":28,"code":131433,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[33,131435,131436,131450,131468],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,131437,131438,131440,131442,131444,131446,131448],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,131439,34722],{"class":42},[36,131441,47],{"class":46},[36,131443,99],{"class":87},[36,131445,44939],{"class":91},[36,131447,864],{"class":54},[36,131449,3403],{"class":87},[36,131451,131452,131454,131456,131458,131460,131462,131464,131466],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,131453,34743],{"class":42},[36,131455,303],{"class":50},[36,131457,129926],{"class":148},[36,131459,145],{"class":50},[36,131461,88],{"class":87},[36,131463,1259],{"class":91},[36,131465,88],{"class":87},[36,131467,152],{"class":50},[36,131469,131470,131472,131474,131476],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,131471,142],{"class":141},[36,131473,145],{"class":50},[36,131475,34743],{"class":148},[36,131477,152],{"class":50},[14,131479,131480],{},[180,131481,182],{},[26,131483,131485],{"className":28,"code":131484,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Hello, {}\n",[33,131486,131487],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,131488,131489,131491,131493],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,131490,34902],{"class":42},[36,131492,58],{"class":50},[36,131494,886],{"class":50},[14,131496,131249],{},[26,131498,131500],{"className":28,"code":131499,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[33,131501,131502,131516,131538],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,131503,131504,131506,131508,131510,131512,131514],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,131505,34722],{"class":42},[36,131507,47],{"class":46},[36,131509,99],{"class":87},[36,131511,44939],{"class":91},[36,131513,864],{"class":54},[36,131515,3403],{"class":87},[36,131517,131518,131520,131522,131524,131526,131528,131530,131532,131534,131536],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,131519,34722],{"class":42},[36,131521,47],{"class":46},[36,131523,42879],{"class":42},[36,131525,303],{"class":50},[36,131527,129926],{"class":148},[36,131529,145],{"class":50},[36,131531,88],{"class":87},[36,131533,1259],{"class":91},[36,131535,88],{"class":87},[36,131537,152],{"class":50},[36,131539,131540,131542,131544,131546],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,131541,142],{"class":141},[36,131543,145],{"class":50},[36,131545,34743],{"class":148},[36,131547,152],{"class":50},[376,131549,4743,131551,131553],{"id":131550},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[33,131552,126206],{}," returns a new string",[14,131555,131556],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[376,131558,131560],{"id":131559},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[14,131562,131563],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[14,131565,131566,131567,131569],{},"Use simple ",[33,131568,864],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[14,131571,131572,131573,303],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[294,131574,90440],{"href":90439},[21,131576,67931],{"id":67930},[14,131578,131579],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[26,131581,131583],{"className":28,"code":131582,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[33,131584,131585,131595,131609,131638],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,131586,131587,131589,131591,131593],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,131588,142],{"class":141},[36,131590,145],{"class":50},[36,131592,34743],{"class":148},[36,131594,152],{"class":50},[36,131596,131597,131599,131601,131603,131605,131607],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,131598,142],{"class":141},[36,131600,145],{"class":50},[36,131602,818],{"class":80},[36,131604,145],{"class":50},[36,131606,1495],{"class":148},[36,131608,445],{"class":50},[36,131610,131611,131613,131615,131617,131620,131622,131624,131626,131628,131630,131632,131634,131636],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,131612,142],{"class":141},[36,131614,145],{"class":50},[36,131616,88],{"class":87},[36,131618,131619],{"class":91},"Hello ",[36,131621,864],{"class":54},[36,131623,88],{"class":87},[36,131625,303],{"class":50},[36,131627,129926],{"class":148},[36,131629,145],{"class":50},[36,131631,88],{"class":87},[36,131633,1259],{"class":91},[36,131635,88],{"class":87},[36,131637,445],{"class":50},[36,131639,131640,131642,131644,131646,131648,131650],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,131641,32186],{"class":141},[36,131643,145],{"class":50},[36,131645,3488],{"class":80},[36,131647,303],{"class":50},[36,131649,129926],{"class":24783},[36,131651,152],{"class":50},[14,131653,131654],{},"Use them to check:",[246,131656,131657,131660,131663,131666],{},[249,131658,131659],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[249,131661,131662],{},"what type your value has",[249,131664,131665],{},"whether a small test example works",[249,131667,131668,131669],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[33,131670,131671],{},"str.format",[21,131673,1872],{"id":1871},[376,131675,129707,131677,12747],{"id":131676},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[33,131678,126206],{},[14,131680,131681],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[376,131683,131685],{"id":131684},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[14,131687,131688,131689,131691],{},"No. You can use plain ",[33,131690,864],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[376,131693,131695,131696,2541],{"id":131694},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[33,131697,126206],{},[14,131699,131700,131701,131704],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[33,131702,131703],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[376,131706,14936,131708,131710],{"id":131707},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[33,131709,126206],{}," better than f-strings?",[14,131712,131713,131714,131716],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[33,131715,126206],{}," is still useful and common.",[21,131718,1923],{"id":1922},[246,131720,131721,131725,131729,131735,131741],{},[249,131722,131723],{},[294,131724,124958],{"href":51014},[249,131726,131727],{},[294,131728,90717],{"href":89726},[249,131730,131731],{},[294,131732,1935,131733,3554],{"href":46487},[33,131734,46490],{},[249,131736,131737],{},[294,131738,1935,131739,3554],{"href":42212},[33,131740,47721],{},[249,131742,131743],{},[294,131744,90440],{"href":90439},[1962,131746,131747],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":131749},[131750,131751,131753,131754,131755,131756,131757,131758,131760,131769,131770,131779],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":129993,"depth":72,"text":131752},"What the format() method does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":130274,"depth":72,"text":130275},{"id":130536,"depth":72,"text":130537},{"id":130767,"depth":72,"text":130768},{"id":17448,"depth":72,"text":17449},{"id":131070,"depth":72,"text":131759},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455,"children":131761},[131762,131763,131764,131766,131768],{"id":131191,"depth":118,"text":131192},{"id":131308,"depth":118,"text":131309},{"id":131420,"depth":118,"text":131765},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131550,"depth":118,"text":131767},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131559,"depth":118,"text":131560},{"id":67930,"depth":72,"text":67931},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":131771},[131772,131774,131775,131777],{"id":131676,"depth":118,"text":131773},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131684,"depth":118,"text":131685},{"id":131694,"depth":118,"text":131776},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131707,"depth":118,"text":131778},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129853,"description":131780},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131787,"title":131788,"body":131789,"description":133269,"extension":2009,"meta":133270,"navigation":134,"path":133271,"seo":133272,"stem":133273,"__hash__":133274},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131790,"toc":133241},[131791,131796,131801,131806,131808,131870,131877,131883,131888,131890,131906,131908,131979,131981,131995,131998,132048,132050,132052,132079,132082,132097,132100,132141,132144,132189,132196,132245,132247,132255,132257,132275,132277,132370,132378,132419,132424,132431,132437,132444,132447,132451,132552,132554,132576,132580,132633,132636,132639,132645,132652,132654,132693,132695,132713,132723,132730,132813,132816,132823,132830,132837,132841,132849,132895,132899,132908,132973,132978,132983,132994,132996,133001,133028,133030,133133,133136,133156,133158,133163,133166,133170,133174,133181,133190,133196,133199,133205,133207,133209,133238],[10,131792,123203,131794,11352],{"id":131793},"python-string-index-method",[33,131795,59006],{},[14,131797,123208,131798,131800],{},[33,131799,59006],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[14,131802,131803,131804,303],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[33,131805,40740],{},[21,131807,2051],{"id":2050},[26,131809,131811],{"className":28,"code":131810,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[33,131812,131813,131825,131847,131857,131861,131865],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,131814,131815,131817,131819,131821,131823],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,131816,34722],{"class":42},[36,131818,47],{"class":46},[36,131820,99],{"class":87},[36,131822,60445],{"class":91},[36,131824,3403],{"class":87},[36,131826,131827,131829,131831,131833,131835,131837,131839,131841,131843,131845],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,131828,64955],{"class":42},[36,131830,47],{"class":46},[36,131832,42879],{"class":42},[36,131834,303],{"class":50},[36,131836,35882],{"class":148},[36,131838,145],{"class":50},[36,131840,88],{"class":87},[36,131842,60626],{"class":91},[36,131844,88],{"class":87},[36,131846,152],{"class":50},[36,131848,131849,131851,131853,131855],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,131850,142],{"class":141},[36,131852,145],{"class":50},[36,131854,64982],{"class":148},[36,131856,152],{"class":50},[36,131858,131859],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,131860,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,131862,131863],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,131864,90858],{"class":1617},[36,131866,131867],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,131868,131869],{"class":1617},"# 6\n",[14,131871,495,131872,131874,131875,303],{},[33,131873,59006],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[33,131876,40740],{},[21,131878,3720,131880,3723],{"id":131879},"what-strindex-does",[33,131881,131882],{},"str.index()",[14,131884,131885,131887],{},[33,131886,131882],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[14,131889,13084],{},[246,131891,131892,131895,131898,131901],{},[249,131893,131894],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[249,131896,131897],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[249,131899,131900],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[249,131902,30327,131903,131905],{},[33,131904,40740],{}," if the substring is not found",[14,131907,2257],{},[26,131909,131911],{"className":28,"code":131910,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[33,131912,131913,131925,131929,131954],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,131914,131915,131917,131919,131921,131923],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,131916,34722],{"class":42},[36,131918,47],{"class":46},[36,131920,99],{"class":87},[36,131922,102],{"class":91},[36,131924,3403],{"class":87},[36,131926,131927],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,131928,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,131930,131931,131933,131935,131937,131939,131941,131943,131945,131947,131949,131951],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,131932,142],{"class":141},[36,131934,145],{"class":50},[36,131936,34743],{"class":148},[36,131938,303],{"class":50},[36,131940,35882],{"class":148},[36,131942,145],{"class":50},[36,131944,88],{"class":87},[36,131946,294],{"class":91},[36,131948,88],{"class":87},[36,131950,5402],{"class":50},[36,131952,131953],{"class":1617},"     # 1\n",[36,131955,131956,131958,131960,131962,131964,131966,131968,131970,131972,131974,131976],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,131957,142],{"class":141},[36,131959,145],{"class":50},[36,131961,34743],{"class":148},[36,131963,303],{"class":50},[36,131965,35882],{"class":148},[36,131967,145],{"class":50},[36,131969,88],{"class":87},[36,131971,123296],{"class":91},[36,131973,88],{"class":87},[36,131975,5402],{"class":50},[36,131977,131978],{"class":1617},"    # 2\n",[14,131980,2227],{},[246,131982,131983,131989],{},[249,131984,131985,128416,131987],{},[33,131986,18127],{},[33,131988,55],{},[249,131990,131991,128416,131993],{},[33,131992,128415],{},[33,131994,481],{},[14,131996,131997],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[26,131999,132001],{"className":28,"code":132000,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[33,132002,132003,132015,132019,132043],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,132004,132005,132007,132009,132011,132013],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,132006,34722],{"class":42},[36,132008,47],{"class":46},[36,132010,99],{"class":87},[36,132012,34902],{"class":91},[36,132014,3403],{"class":87},[36,132016,132017],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,132018,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,132020,132021,132023,132025,132027,132029,132031,132033,132035,132037,132039,132041],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,132022,142],{"class":141},[36,132024,145],{"class":50},[36,132026,34743],{"class":148},[36,132028,303],{"class":50},[36,132030,35882],{"class":148},[36,132032,145],{"class":50},[36,132034,88],{"class":87},[36,132036,51230],{"class":91},[36,132038,88],{"class":87},[36,132040,5402],{"class":50},[36,132042,20800],{"class":1617},[36,132044,132045],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,132046,132047],{"class":1617},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[21,132049,2205],{"id":2204},[14,132051,2208],{},[26,132053,132055],{"className":28,"code":132054,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[33,132056,132057],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,132058,132059,132061,132063,132065,132067,132069,132071,132073,132075,132077],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,132060,61209],{"class":42},[36,132062,303],{"class":50},[36,132064,35882],{"class":148},[36,132066,145],{"class":50},[36,132068,1495],{"class":148},[36,132070,58],{"class":50},[36,132072,36088],{"class":148},[36,132074,58],{"class":50},[36,132076,65076],{"class":148},[36,132078,152],{"class":50},[14,132080,132081],{},"Parameters:",[246,132083,132084,132088,132092],{},[249,132085,132086,123395],{},[33,132087,1495],{},[249,132089,132090,128462],{},[33,132091,36109],{},[249,132093,132094,132096],{},[33,132095,52699],{},": optional stopping position",[14,132098,132099],{},"You can use just the value:",[26,132101,132103],{"className":28,"code":132102,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[33,132104,132105,132117],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,132106,132107,132109,132111,132113,132115],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,132108,34722],{"class":42},[36,132110,47],{"class":46},[36,132112,99],{"class":87},[36,132114,30],{"class":91},[36,132116,3403],{"class":87},[36,132118,132119,132121,132123,132125,132127,132129,132131,132133,132135,132137,132139],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,132120,142],{"class":141},[36,132122,145],{"class":50},[36,132124,34743],{"class":148},[36,132126,303],{"class":50},[36,132128,35882],{"class":148},[36,132130,145],{"class":50},[36,132132,88],{"class":87},[36,132134,63322],{"class":91},[36,132136,88],{"class":87},[36,132138,5402],{"class":50},[36,132140,51454],{"class":1617},[14,132142,132143],{},"Or include a start position:",[26,132145,132147],{"className":28,"code":132146,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[33,132148,132149,132161],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,132150,132151,132153,132155,132157,132159],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,132152,34722],{"class":42},[36,132154,47],{"class":46},[36,132156,99],{"class":87},[36,132158,102],{"class":91},[36,132160,3403],{"class":87},[36,132162,132163,132165,132167,132169,132171,132173,132175,132177,132179,132181,132183,132185,132187],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,132164,142],{"class":141},[36,132166,145],{"class":50},[36,132168,34743],{"class":148},[36,132170,303],{"class":50},[36,132172,35882],{"class":148},[36,132174,145],{"class":50},[36,132176,88],{"class":87},[36,132178,294],{"class":91},[36,132180,88],{"class":87},[36,132182,58],{"class":50},[36,132184,61],{"class":54},[36,132186,5402],{"class":50},[36,132188,50809],{"class":1617},[14,132190,132191,132192,482,132194,1213],{},"Or include both ",[33,132193,36109],{},[33,132195,52699],{},[26,132197,132199],{"className":28,"code":132198,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[33,132200,132201,132213],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,132202,132203,132205,132207,132209,132211],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,132204,34722],{"class":42},[36,132206,47],{"class":46},[36,132208,99],{"class":87},[36,132210,102],{"class":91},[36,132212,3403],{"class":87},[36,132214,132215,132217,132219,132221,132223,132225,132227,132229,132231,132233,132235,132237,132239,132241,132243],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,132216,142],{"class":141},[36,132218,145],{"class":50},[36,132220,34743],{"class":148},[36,132222,303],{"class":50},[36,132224,35882],{"class":148},[36,132226,145],{"class":50},[36,132228,88],{"class":87},[36,132230,294],{"class":91},[36,132232,88],{"class":87},[36,132234,58],{"class":50},[36,132236,61],{"class":54},[36,132238,58],{"class":50},[36,132240,4644],{"class":54},[36,132242,5402],{"class":50},[36,132244,50809],{"class":1617},[21,132246,38056],{"id":38055},[14,132248,28743,132249,132251,132252,303],{},[33,132250,59006],{}," is a ",[180,132253,132254],{},"zero-based index",[14,132256,2153],{},[246,132258,132259,132265,132270],{},[249,132260,132261,132262,132264],{},"Index ",[33,132263,2166],{}," is the first character",[249,132266,132261,132267,132269],{},[33,132268,55],{}," is the second character",[249,132271,132261,132272,132274],{},[33,132273,481],{}," is the third character",[14,132276,2257],{},[26,132278,132280],{"className":28,"code":132279,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[33,132281,132282,132294,132298,132322,132346],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,132283,132284,132286,132288,132290,132292],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,132285,34722],{"class":42},[36,132287,47],{"class":46},[36,132289,99],{"class":87},[36,132291,37082],{"class":91},[36,132293,3403],{"class":87},[36,132295,132296],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,132297,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,132299,132300,132302,132304,132306,132308,132310,132312,132314,132316,132318,132320],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,132301,142],{"class":141},[36,132303,145],{"class":50},[36,132305,34743],{"class":148},[36,132307,303],{"class":50},[36,132309,35882],{"class":148},[36,132311,145],{"class":50},[36,132313,88],{"class":87},[36,132315,9770],{"class":91},[36,132317,88],{"class":87},[36,132319,5402],{"class":50},[36,132321,51286],{"class":1617},[36,132323,132324,132326,132328,132330,132332,132334,132336,132338,132340,132342,132344],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,132325,142],{"class":141},[36,132327,145],{"class":50},[36,132329,34743],{"class":148},[36,132331,303],{"class":50},[36,132333,35882],{"class":148},[36,132335,145],{"class":50},[36,132337,88],{"class":87},[36,132339,294],{"class":91},[36,132341,88],{"class":87},[36,132343,5402],{"class":50},[36,132345,27814],{"class":1617},[36,132347,132348,132350,132352,132354,132356,132358,132360,132362,132364,132366,132368],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,132349,142],{"class":141},[36,132351,145],{"class":50},[36,132353,34743],{"class":148},[36,132355,303],{"class":50},[36,132357,35882],{"class":148},[36,132359,145],{"class":50},[36,132361,88],{"class":87},[36,132363,63322],{"class":91},[36,132365,88],{"class":87},[36,132367,5402],{"class":50},[36,132369,51454],{"class":1617},[14,132371,132372,132374,132375,132377],{},[33,132373,59006],{}," returns only the ",[180,132376,29943],{}," matching position.",[26,132379,132381],{"className":28,"code":132380,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[33,132382,132383,132395],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,132384,132385,132387,132389,132391,132393],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,132386,34722],{"class":42},[36,132388,47],{"class":46},[36,132390,99],{"class":87},[36,132392,102],{"class":91},[36,132394,3403],{"class":87},[36,132396,132397,132399,132401,132403,132405,132407,132409,132411,132413,132415,132417],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,132398,142],{"class":141},[36,132400,145],{"class":50},[36,132402,34743],{"class":148},[36,132404,303],{"class":50},[36,132406,35882],{"class":148},[36,132408,145],{"class":50},[36,132410,88],{"class":87},[36,132412,294],{"class":91},[36,132414,88],{"class":87},[36,132416,5402],{"class":50},[36,132418,27814],{"class":1617},[14,132420,478,132421,132423],{},[33,132422,18127],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[14,132425,132426,132427,303],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[294,132428,132429,1939],{"href":124653},[33,132430,58628],{},[21,132432,1462,132433,482,132435],{"id":65442},[33,132434,36109],{},[33,132436,52699],{},[14,132438,2026,132439,482,132441,132443],{},[33,132440,36109],{},[33,132442,52699],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[14,132445,132446],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[14,132448,46078,132449,1213],{},[33,132450,36109],{},[26,132452,132454],{"className":28,"code":132453,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[33,132455,132456,132468,132472,132496,132524],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,132457,132458,132460,132462,132464,132466],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,132459,34722],{"class":42},[36,132461,47],{"class":46},[36,132463,99],{"class":87},[36,132465,102],{"class":91},[36,132467,3403],{"class":87},[36,132469,132470],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,132471,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,132473,132474,132476,132478,132480,132482,132484,132486,132488,132490,132492,132494],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,132475,142],{"class":141},[36,132477,145],{"class":50},[36,132479,34743],{"class":148},[36,132481,303],{"class":50},[36,132483,35882],{"class":148},[36,132485,145],{"class":50},[36,132487,88],{"class":87},[36,132489,294],{"class":91},[36,132491,88],{"class":87},[36,132493,5402],{"class":50},[36,132495,51159],{"class":1617},[36,132497,132498,132500,132502,132504,132506,132508,132510,132512,132514,132516,132518,132520,132522],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,132499,142],{"class":141},[36,132501,145],{"class":50},[36,132503,34743],{"class":148},[36,132505,303],{"class":50},[36,132507,35882],{"class":148},[36,132509,145],{"class":50},[36,132511,88],{"class":87},[36,132513,294],{"class":91},[36,132515,88],{"class":87},[36,132517,58],{"class":50},[36,132519,61],{"class":54},[36,132521,5402],{"class":50},[36,132523,51008],{"class":1617},[36,132525,132526,132528,132530,132532,132534,132536,132538,132540,132542,132544,132546,132548,132550],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,132527,142],{"class":141},[36,132529,145],{"class":50},[36,132531,34743],{"class":148},[36,132533,303],{"class":50},[36,132535,35882],{"class":148},[36,132537,145],{"class":50},[36,132539,88],{"class":87},[36,132541,294],{"class":91},[36,132543,88],{"class":87},[36,132545,58],{"class":50},[36,132547,559],{"class":54},[36,132549,5402],{"class":50},[36,132551,50792],{"class":1617},[14,132553,19989],{},[246,132555,132556,132563,132569],{},[249,132557,132558,132559,65632,132561],{},"The first search finds the first ",[33,132560,18127],{},[33,132562,55],{},[249,132564,132565,132566,132568],{},"Starting at index ",[33,132567,481],{}," skips that first match",[249,132570,132565,132571,132573,132574],{},[33,132572,2554],{}," finds the last ",[33,132575,18127],{},[14,132577,46078,132578,1213],{},[33,132579,52699],{},[26,132581,132583],{"className":28,"code":132582,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[33,132584,132585,132597,132601],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,132586,132587,132589,132591,132593,132595],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,132588,34722],{"class":42},[36,132590,47],{"class":46},[36,132592,99],{"class":87},[36,132594,102],{"class":91},[36,132596,3403],{"class":87},[36,132598,132599],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,132600,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,132602,132603,132605,132607,132609,132611,132613,132615,132617,132619,132621,132623,132625,132627,132629,132631],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,132604,142],{"class":141},[36,132606,145],{"class":50},[36,132608,34743],{"class":148},[36,132610,303],{"class":50},[36,132612,35882],{"class":148},[36,132614,145],{"class":50},[36,132616,88],{"class":87},[36,132618,76064],{"class":91},[36,132620,88],{"class":87},[36,132622,58],{"class":50},[36,132624,3875],{"class":54},[36,132626,58],{"class":50},[36,132628,559],{"class":54},[36,132630,5402],{"class":50},[36,132632,51454],{"class":1617},[14,132634,132635],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[14,132637,132638],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[21,132640,44251,132642,132644],{"id":132641},"when-index-causes-an-error",[33,132643,59006],{}," causes an error",[14,132646,132647,132648,52533,132650,303],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[33,132649,59006],{},[33,132651,40740],{},[14,132653,2257],{},[26,132655,132657],{"className":28,"code":132656,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[33,132658,132659,132671],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,132660,132661,132663,132665,132667,132669],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,132662,34722],{"class":42},[36,132664,47],{"class":46},[36,132666,99],{"class":87},[36,132668,708],{"class":91},[36,132670,3403],{"class":87},[36,132672,132673,132675,132677,132679,132681,132683,132685,132687,132689,132691],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,132674,142],{"class":141},[36,132676,145],{"class":50},[36,132678,34743],{"class":148},[36,132680,303],{"class":50},[36,132682,35882],{"class":148},[36,132684,145],{"class":50},[36,132686,88],{"class":87},[36,132688,22109],{"class":91},[36,132690,88],{"class":87},[36,132692,445],{"class":50},[14,132694,182],{},[26,132696,132698],{"className":28,"code":132697,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[33,132699,132700],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,132701,132702,132704,132706,132709,132711],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,132703,40740],{"class":80},[36,132705,1213],{"class":50},[36,132707,132708],{"class":42}," substring ",[36,132710,870],{"class":46},[36,132712,65865],{"class":42},[14,132714,53380,132715,126169,132720,132722],{},[294,132716,132717],{"href":129847},[33,132718,132719],{},"str.find()",[33,132721,65890],{}," instead of raising an error.",[14,132724,132725,132726,482,132728,1213],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[33,132727,29838],{},[33,132729,29869],{},[26,132731,132733],{"className":28,"code":132732,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[33,132734,132735,132747,132751,132757,132780,132790,132798],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,132736,132737,132739,132741,132743,132745],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,132738,34722],{"class":42},[36,132740,47],{"class":46},[36,132742,99],{"class":87},[36,132744,708],{"class":91},[36,132746,3403],{"class":87},[36,132748,132749],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,132750,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,132752,132753,132755],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,132754,29838],{"class":3917},[36,132756,6433],{"class":50},[36,132758,132759,132762,132764,132766,132768,132770,132772,132774,132776,132778],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,132760,132761],{"class":42},"    position ",[36,132763,47],{"class":46},[36,132765,42879],{"class":42},[36,132767,303],{"class":50},[36,132769,35882],{"class":148},[36,132771,145],{"class":50},[36,132773,88],{"class":87},[36,132775,22109],{"class":91},[36,132777,88],{"class":87},[36,132779,152],{"class":50},[36,132781,132782,132784,132786,132788],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,132783,8105],{"class":141},[36,132785,145],{"class":50},[36,132787,64982],{"class":148},[36,132789,152],{"class":50},[36,132791,132792,132794,132796],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,132793,29869],{"class":3917},[36,132795,41963],{"class":80},[36,132797,6433],{"class":50},[36,132799,132800,132802,132804,132806,132809,132811],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,132801,8105],{"class":141},[36,132803,145],{"class":50},[36,132805,88],{"class":87},[36,132807,132808],{"class":91},"Substring not found",[36,132810,88],{"class":87},[36,132812,152],{"class":50},[14,132814,132815],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[14,132817,41983,132818,303],{},[294,132819,25713,132821],{"href":132820},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[33,132822,129174],{},[21,132824,132826,10615,132828],{"id":132825},"index-vs-find",[33,132827,59006],{},[33,132829,124198],{},[14,132831,132832,482,132834,132836],{},[33,132833,59006],{},[33,132835,124198],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[376,132838,132839],{"id":35882},[33,132840,59006],{},[246,132842,132843,132846],{},[249,132844,132845],{},"Returns the first match position",[249,132847,132848],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[26,132850,132852],{"className":28,"code":132851,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[33,132853,132854,132866,132890],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,132855,132856,132858,132860,132862,132864],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,132857,34722],{"class":42},[36,132859,47],{"class":46},[36,132861,99],{"class":87},[36,132863,708],{"class":91},[36,132865,3403],{"class":87},[36,132867,132868,132870,132872,132874,132876,132878,132880,132882,132884,132886,132888],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,132869,142],{"class":141},[36,132871,145],{"class":50},[36,132873,34743],{"class":148},[36,132875,303],{"class":50},[36,132877,35882],{"class":148},[36,132879,145],{"class":50},[36,132881,88],{"class":87},[36,132883,750],{"class":91},[36,132885,88],{"class":87},[36,132887,5402],{"class":50},[36,132889,27814],{"class":1617},[36,132891,132892],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,132893,132894],{"class":1617},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[376,132896,132897],{"id":128228},[33,132898,124198],{},[246,132900,132901,132903],{},[249,132902,132845],{},[249,132904,11454,132905,132907],{},[33,132906,65890],{}," if nothing is found",[26,132909,132911],{"className":28,"code":132910,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[33,132912,132913,132925,132949],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,132914,132915,132917,132919,132921,132923],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,132916,34722],{"class":42},[36,132918,47],{"class":46},[36,132920,99],{"class":87},[36,132922,708],{"class":91},[36,132924,3403],{"class":87},[36,132926,132927,132929,132931,132933,132935,132937,132939,132941,132943,132945,132947],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,132928,142],{"class":141},[36,132930,145],{"class":50},[36,132932,34743],{"class":148},[36,132934,303],{"class":50},[36,132936,128228],{"class":148},[36,132938,145],{"class":50},[36,132940,88],{"class":87},[36,132942,750],{"class":91},[36,132944,88],{"class":87},[36,132946,5402],{"class":50},[36,132948,27814],{"class":1617},[36,132950,132951,132953,132955,132957,132959,132961,132963,132965,132967,132969,132971],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,132952,142],{"class":141},[36,132954,145],{"class":50},[36,132956,34743],{"class":148},[36,132958,303],{"class":50},[36,132960,128228],{"class":148},[36,132962,145],{"class":50},[36,132964,88],{"class":87},[36,132966,22109],{"class":91},[36,132968,88],{"class":87},[36,132970,5402],{"class":50},[36,132972,128584],{"class":1617},[14,132974,495,132975,132977],{},[33,132976,59006],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[14,132979,495,132980,132982],{},[33,132981,124198],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[14,132984,132985,132986,298,132991,303],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[294,132987,132988,132990],{"href":129847},[33,132989,132719],{}," method reference",[294,132992,127239],{"href":132993},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[21,132995,1455],{"id":1454},[14,132997,132998,132999,1213],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[33,133000,59006],{},[246,133002,133003,133006,133013,133018,133023],{},[249,133004,133005],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[249,133007,8489,133008,8492,133010,133012],{},[33,133009,59006],{},[33,133011,65890],{}," when no match exists",[249,133014,1462,133015,133017],{},[33,133016,59006],{}," on a value that may not be present",[249,133019,133020,133021],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[33,133022,55],{},[249,133024,4618,133025,133027],{},[33,133026,59006],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[14,133029,62330],{},[26,133031,133033],{"className":28,"code":133032,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[33,133034,133035,133045,133059,133081,133103],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,133036,133037,133039,133041,133043],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,133038,142],{"class":141},[36,133040,145],{"class":50},[36,133042,34743],{"class":148},[36,133044,152],{"class":50},[36,133046,133047,133049,133051,133053,133055,133057],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,133048,142],{"class":141},[36,133050,145],{"class":50},[36,133052,41816],{"class":141},[36,133054,145],{"class":50},[36,133056,34743],{"class":148},[36,133058,445],{"class":50},[36,133060,133061,133063,133065,133067,133069,133071,133073,133075,133077,133079],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,133062,142],{"class":141},[36,133064,145],{"class":50},[36,133066,34743],{"class":148},[36,133068,303],{"class":50},[36,133070,35882],{"class":148},[36,133072,145],{"class":50},[36,133074,88],{"class":87},[36,133076,1495],{"class":91},[36,133078,88],{"class":87},[36,133080,445],{"class":50},[36,133082,133083,133085,133087,133089,133091,133093,133095,133097,133099,133101],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,133084,142],{"class":141},[36,133086,145],{"class":50},[36,133088,34743],{"class":148},[36,133090,303],{"class":50},[36,133092,128228],{"class":148},[36,133094,145],{"class":50},[36,133096,88],{"class":87},[36,133098,1495],{"class":91},[36,133100,88],{"class":87},[36,133102,445],{"class":50},[36,133104,133105,133107,133109,133111,133113,133115,133117,133119,133121,133123,133125,133127,133129,133131],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,133106,142],{"class":141},[36,133108,145],{"class":50},[36,133110,34743],{"class":148},[36,133112,303],{"class":50},[36,133114,35882],{"class":148},[36,133116,145],{"class":50},[36,133118,88],{"class":87},[36,133120,1495],{"class":91},[36,133122,88],{"class":87},[36,133124,58],{"class":50},[36,133126,36088],{"class":148},[36,133128,58],{"class":50},[36,133130,65076],{"class":148},[36,133132,445],{"class":50},[14,133134,133135],{},"Tips:",[246,133137,133138,133143,133148,133151],{},[249,133139,495,133140,133142],{},[33,133141,126125],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[249,133144,495,133145,133147],{},[33,133146,124198],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[249,133149,133150],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[249,133152,133153,133154],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[33,133155,2166],{},[21,133157,1872],{"id":1871},[376,133159,129707,133161,12747],{"id":133160},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[33,133162,59006],{},[14,133164,133165],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[376,133167,133169],{"id":133168},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[14,133171,76892,133172,303],{},[33,133173,40740],{},[376,133175,5220,133177,482,133179,2541],{"id":133176},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[33,133178,59006],{},[33,133180,124198],{},[14,133182,133183,133185,133186,2448,133188,1524],{},[33,133184,59006],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[33,133187,124198],{},[33,133189,65890],{},[376,133191,5210,133193,133195],{"id":133192},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[33,133194,59006],{}," search for more than one character?",[14,133197,133198],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[376,133200,133202,133203,124539],{"id":133201},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[33,133204,59006],{},[14,133206,129732],{},[21,133208,1923],{"id":1922},[246,133210,133211,133217,133221,133226,133232],{},[249,133212,133213],{},[294,133214,133215,1939],{"href":129847},[33,133216,132719],{},[249,133218,133219],{},[294,133220,124602],{"href":132993},[249,133222,133223],{},[294,133224,129808],{"href":133225},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[249,133227,133228],{},[294,133229,133230,1939],{"href":124653},[33,133231,58628],{},[249,133233,133234],{},[294,133235,30381,133236],{"href":132820},[33,133237,129174],{},[1962,133239,133240],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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causes an error",{"id":132825,"depth":72,"text":133252,"children":133253},"index() vs find()",[133254,133255],{"id":35882,"depth":118,"text":59006},{"id":128228,"depth":118,"text":124198},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":133258},[133259,133261,133262,133264,133266],{"id":133160,"depth":118,"text":133260},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133168,"depth":118,"text":133169},{"id":133176,"depth":118,"text":133263},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133192,"depth":118,"text":133265},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133201,"depth":118,"text":133267},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131788,"description":133269},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133276,"title":133277,"body":133278,"description":136053,"extension":2009,"meta":136054,"navigation":134,"path":136055,"seo":136056,"stem":136057,"__hash__":136058},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133279,"toc":135989},[133280,133286,133291,133294,133297,133308,133310,133379,133381,133395,133400,133405,133410,133412,133455,133457,133540,133542,133588,133594,133596,133598,133618,133620,133643,133645,133719,133721,133740,133745,133747,133751,133823,133825,133839,133843,133919,133921,133940,133944,134038,134040,134049,134056,134132,134134,134152,134156,134159,134166,134215,134217,134226,134233,134292,134294,134312,134315,134322,134381,134383,134401,134408,134465,134467,134476,134480,134485,134489,134548,134550,134568,134572,134619,134624,134627,134696,134698,134715,134722,134728,134783,134788,134791,134868,134870,134888,134894,134900,134960,134962,134981,134987,134990,134997,135050,135055,135057,135118,135127,135134,135136,135193,135198,135200,135271,135275,135330,135332,135341,135346,135352,135421,135423,135455,135461,135469,135476,135482,135547,135549,135558,135564,135645,135647,135656,135661,135675,135682,135686,135691,135719,135721,135854,135857,135894,135896,135902,135911,135916,135919,135924,135929,135935,135938,135947,135950,135952,135981,135986],[10,133281,123203,133283,11352],{"id":133282},"python-string-join-method",[33,133284,133285],{},"join()",[14,133287,123208,133288,133290],{},[33,133289,133285],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133292,133293],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[14,133295,133296],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[246,133298,133299,133305],{},[249,133300,133301,133302,133304],{},"You call ",[33,133303,133285],{}," on the separator string",[249,133306,133307],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[21,133309,24],{"id":23},[26,133311,133313],{"className":28,"code":133312,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[33,133314,133315,133348,133369],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,133316,133317,133319,133321,133323,133325,133327,133329,133331,133333,133335,133337,133339,133341,133344,133346],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,133318,75],{"class":42},[36,133320,47],{"class":46},[36,133322,1333],{"class":50},[36,133324,88],{"class":87},[36,133326,7336],{"class":91},[36,133328,88],{"class":87},[36,133330,58],{"class":50},[36,133332,99],{"class":87},[36,133334,12224],{"class":91},[36,133336,88],{"class":87},[36,133338,58],{"class":50},[36,133340,99],{"class":87},[36,133342,133343],{"class":91},"fun",[36,133345,88],{"class":87},[36,133347,1355],{"class":50},[36,133349,133350,133352,133354,133356,133358,133360,133363,133365,133367],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,133351,2280],{"class":42},[36,133353,47],{"class":46},[36,133355,99],{"class":87},[36,133357,99],{"class":87},[36,133359,303],{"class":50},[36,133361,133362],{"class":148},"join",[36,133364,145],{"class":50},[36,133366,162],{"class":148},[36,133368,152],{"class":50},[36,133370,133371,133373,133375,133377],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,133372,142],{"class":141},[36,133374,145],{"class":50},[36,133376,2315],{"class":148},[36,133378,152],{"class":50},[14,133380,182],{},[26,133382,133384],{"className":28,"code":133383,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Python is fun\n",[33,133385,133386],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,133387,133388,133390,133392],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,133389,1935],{"class":42},[36,133391,12224],{"class":46},[36,133393,133394],{"class":42}," fun\n",[14,133396,495,133397,133399],{},[33,133398,133285],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[21,133401,3720,133403,3723],{"id":133402},"what-join-does",[33,133404,133285],{},[14,133406,133407,133409],{},[33,133408,133285],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133411,11488],{},[246,133413,133414,133421,133449,133452],{},[249,133415,133416,133417,133420],{},"It uses the string before ",[33,133418,133419],{},".join()"," as the separator",[249,133422,133423,133424],{},"Common separators are:\n",[246,133425,133426,133432,133438,133444],{},[249,133427,133428,133431],{},[33,133429,133430],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[249,133433,133434,133437],{},[33,133435,133436],{},"\", \""," for commas",[249,133439,133440,133443],{},[33,133441,133442],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[249,133445,133446,133448],{},[33,133447,6312],{}," for no separator",[249,133450,133451],{},"It returns a new string",[249,133453,133454],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[14,133456,2257],{},[26,133458,133460],{"className":28,"code":133459,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[33,133461,133462,133494,133516,133520,133530],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,133463,133464,133466,133468,133470,133472,133474,133476,133478,133480,133482,133484,133486,133488,133490,133492],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,133465,75],{"class":42},[36,133467,47],{"class":46},[36,133469,1333],{"class":50},[36,133471,88],{"class":87},[36,133473,13125],{"class":91},[36,133475,88],{"class":87},[36,133477,58],{"class":50},[36,133479,99],{"class":87},[36,133481,17486],{"class":91},[36,133483,88],{"class":87},[36,133485,58],{"class":50},[36,133487,99],{"class":87},[36,133489,13142],{"class":91},[36,133491,88],{"class":87},[36,133493,1355],{"class":50},[36,133495,133496,133498,133500,133502,133504,133506,133508,133510,133512,133514],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,133497,2280],{"class":42},[36,133499,47],{"class":46},[36,133501,99],{"class":87},[36,133503,2238],{"class":91},[36,133505,88],{"class":87},[36,133507,303],{"class":50},[36,133509,133362],{"class":148},[36,133511,145],{"class":50},[36,133513,162],{"class":148},[36,133515,152],{"class":50},[36,133517,133518],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,133519,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,133521,133522,133524,133526,133528],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,133523,142],{"class":141},[36,133525,145],{"class":50},[36,133527,2315],{"class":148},[36,133529,152],{"class":50},[36,133531,133532,133534,133536,133538],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,133533,142],{"class":141},[36,133535,145],{"class":50},[36,133537,162],{"class":148},[36,133539,152],{"class":50},[14,133541,182],{},[26,133543,133545],{"className":28,"code":133544,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[33,133546,133547,133560],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,133548,133549,133551,133553,133556,133558],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,133550,13125],{"class":42},[36,133552,58],{"class":50},[36,133554,133555],{"class":42}," green",[36,133557,58],{"class":50},[36,133559,35917],{"class":42},[36,133561,133562,133564,133566,133568,133570,133572,133574,133576,133578,133580,133582,133584,133586],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,133563,3941],{"class":50},[36,133565,211],{"class":87},[36,133567,13125],{"class":91},[36,133569,211],{"class":87},[36,133571,58],{"class":50},[36,133573,220],{"class":87},[36,133575,17486],{"class":91},[36,133577,211],{"class":87},[36,133579,58],{"class":50},[36,133581,220],{"class":87},[36,133583,13142],{"class":91},[36,133585,211],{"class":87},[36,133587,1355],{"class":50},[14,133589,133590,133591,133593],{},"The list stays the same. ",[33,133592,133285],{}," creates a new string.",[21,133595,2205],{"id":2204},[14,133597,7257],{},[26,133599,133601],{"className":28,"code":133600,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[33,133602,133603],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,133604,133605,133608,133610,133612,133614,133616],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,133606,133607],{"class":42},"separator",[36,133609,303],{"class":50},[36,133611,133362],{"class":148},[36,133613,145],{"class":50},[36,133615,3764],{"class":148},[36,133617,152],{"class":50},[376,133619,49048],{"id":49047},[246,133621,133622,133635,133640],{},[249,133623,133624,133626,133627,2238,133629,2238,133631,2242,133633],{},[33,133625,133607],{}," is a string such as ",[33,133628,133430],{},[33,133630,133436],{},[33,133632,133442],{},[33,133634,6312],{},[249,133636,133637,133639],{},[33,133638,3764],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[249,133641,133642],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[14,133644,2257],{},[26,133646,133648],{"className":28,"code":133647,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,133649,133650,133682,133705,133709],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,133651,133652,133654,133656,133658,133660,133662,133664,133666,133668,133670,133672,133674,133676,133678,133680],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,133653,5034],{"class":42},[36,133655,47],{"class":46},[36,133657,1333],{"class":50},[36,133659,88],{"class":87},[36,133661,12912],{"class":91},[36,133663,88],{"class":87},[36,133665,58],{"class":50},[36,133667,99],{"class":87},[36,133669,35977],{"class":91},[36,133671,88],{"class":87},[36,133673,58],{"class":50},[36,133675,99],{"class":87},[36,133677,35986],{"class":91},[36,133679,88],{"class":87},[36,133681,1355],{"class":50},[36,133683,133684,133686,133688,133690,133693,133695,133697,133699,133701,133703],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,133685,2280],{"class":42},[36,133687,47],{"class":46},[36,133689,99],{"class":87},[36,133691,133692],{"class":91}," | ",[36,133694,88],{"class":87},[36,133696,303],{"class":50},[36,133698,133362],{"class":148},[36,133700,145],{"class":50},[36,133702,5078],{"class":148},[36,133704,152],{"class":50},[36,133706,133707],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,133708,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,133710,133711,133713,133715,133717],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,133712,142],{"class":141},[36,133714,145],{"class":50},[36,133716,2315],{"class":148},[36,133718,152],{"class":50},[14,133720,182],{},[26,133722,133724],{"className":28,"code":133723,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[33,133725,133726],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,133727,133728,133731,133733,133736,133738],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,133729,133730],{"class":42},"Ana ",[36,133732,113710],{"class":46},[36,133734,133735],{"class":42}," Ben ",[36,133737,113710],{"class":46},[36,133739,36058],{"class":42},[14,133741,133742,133743,303],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[294,133744,124958],{"href":51014},[21,133746,121734],{"id":121733},[376,133748,133750],{"id":133749},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[26,133752,133754],{"className":28,"code":133753,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,133755,133756,133789,133809,133813],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,133757,133758,133760,133762,133764,133766,133768,133770,133772,133774,133776,133778,133780,133782,133785,133787],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,133759,75],{"class":42},[36,133761,47],{"class":46},[36,133763,1333],{"class":50},[36,133765,88],{"class":87},[36,133767,7336],{"class":91},[36,133769,88],{"class":87},[36,133771,58],{"class":50},[36,133773,99],{"class":87},[36,133775,12224],{"class":91},[36,133777,88],{"class":87},[36,133779,58],{"class":50},[36,133781,99],{"class":87},[36,133783,133784],{"class":91},"easy",[36,133786,88],{"class":87},[36,133788,1355],{"class":50},[36,133790,133791,133793,133795,133797,133799,133801,133803,133805,133807],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,133792,2280],{"class":42},[36,133794,47],{"class":46},[36,133796,99],{"class":87},[36,133798,99],{"class":87},[36,133800,303],{"class":50},[36,133802,133362],{"class":148},[36,133804,145],{"class":50},[36,133806,162],{"class":148},[36,133808,152],{"class":50},[36,133810,133811],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,133812,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,133814,133815,133817,133819,133821],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,133816,142],{"class":141},[36,133818,145],{"class":50},[36,133820,2315],{"class":148},[36,133822,152],{"class":50},[14,133824,182],{},[26,133826,133828],{"className":28,"code":133827,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Python is easy\n",[33,133829,133830],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,133831,133832,133834,133836],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,133833,1935],{"class":42},[36,133835,12224],{"class":46},[36,133837,133838],{"class":42}," easy\n",[376,133840,133842],{"id":133841},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[26,133844,133846],{"className":28,"code":133845,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,133847,133848,133883,133905,133909],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,133849,133850,133852,133854,133856,133858,133861,133863,133865,133867,133870,133872,133874,133876,133879,133881],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,133851,1328],{"class":42},[36,133853,47],{"class":46},[36,133855,1333],{"class":50},[36,133857,88],{"class":87},[36,133859,133860],{"class":91},"apples",[36,133862,88],{"class":87},[36,133864,58],{"class":50},[36,133866,99],{"class":87},[36,133868,133869],{"class":91},"bananas",[36,133871,88],{"class":87},[36,133873,58],{"class":50},[36,133875,99],{"class":87},[36,133877,133878],{"class":91},"oranges",[36,133880,88],{"class":87},[36,133882,1355],{"class":50},[36,133884,133885,133887,133889,133891,133893,133895,133897,133899,133901,133903],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,133886,2280],{"class":42},[36,133888,47],{"class":46},[36,133890,99],{"class":87},[36,133892,2238],{"class":91},[36,133894,88],{"class":87},[36,133896,303],{"class":50},[36,133898,133362],{"class":148},[36,133900,145],{"class":50},[36,133902,1369],{"class":148},[36,133904,152],{"class":50},[36,133906,133907],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,133908,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,133910,133911,133913,133915,133917],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,133912,142],{"class":141},[36,133914,145],{"class":50},[36,133916,2315],{"class":148},[36,133918,152],{"class":50},[14,133920,182],{},[26,133922,133924],{"className":28,"code":133923,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[33,133925,133926],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,133927,133928,133930,133932,133935,133937],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,133929,133860],{"class":42},[36,133931,58],{"class":50},[36,133933,133934],{"class":42}," bananas",[36,133936,58],{"class":50},[36,133938,133939],{"class":42}," oranges\n",[376,133941,133943],{"id":133942},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[26,133945,133947],{"className":28,"code":133946,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,133948,133949,134006,134024,134028],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,133950,133951,133953,133955,133957,133959,133962,133964,133966,133968,133970,133972,133974,133976,133978,133980,133982,133984,133986,133988,133990,133992,133994,133996,133998,134000,134002,134004],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,133952,697],{"class":42},[36,133954,47],{"class":46},[36,133956,1333],{"class":50},[36,133958,88],{"class":87},[36,133960,133961],{"class":91},"P",[36,133963,88],{"class":87},[36,133965,58],{"class":50},[36,133967,99],{"class":87},[36,133969,11775],{"class":91},[36,133971,88],{"class":87},[36,133973,58],{"class":50},[36,133975,99],{"class":87},[36,133977,63322],{"class":91},[36,133979,88],{"class":87},[36,133981,58],{"class":50},[36,133983,99],{"class":87},[36,133985,741],{"class":91},[36,133987,88],{"class":87},[36,133989,58],{"class":50},[36,133991,99],{"class":87},[36,133993,768],{"class":91},[36,133995,88],{"class":87},[36,133997,58],{"class":50},[36,133999,99],{"class":87},[36,134001,76064],{"class":91},[36,134003,88],{"class":87},[36,134005,1355],{"class":50},[36,134007,134008,134010,134012,134014,134016,134018,134020,134022],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,134009,2280],{"class":42},[36,134011,47],{"class":46},[36,134013,6166],{"class":87},[36,134015,303],{"class":50},[36,134017,133362],{"class":148},[36,134019,145],{"class":50},[36,134021,721],{"class":148},[36,134023,152],{"class":50},[36,134025,134026],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,134027,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,134029,134030,134032,134034,134036],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,134031,142],{"class":141},[36,134033,145],{"class":50},[36,134035,2315],{"class":148},[36,134037,152],{"class":50},[14,134039,182],{},[26,134041,134043],{"className":28,"code":134042,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Python\n",[33,134044,134045],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,134046,134047],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,134048,134042],{"class":42},[376,134050,134052,134053,134055],{"id":134051},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[33,134054,133285],{}," returns the result",[26,134057,134059],{"className":28,"code":134058,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[33,134060,134061,134094,134117,134121],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,134062,134063,134065,134067,134069,134071,134073,134075,134077,134079,134081,134083,134085,134087,134090,134092],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,134064,75],{"class":42},[36,134066,47],{"class":46},[36,134068,1333],{"class":50},[36,134070,88],{"class":87},[36,134072,6625],{"class":91},[36,134074,88],{"class":87},[36,134076,58],{"class":50},[36,134078,99],{"class":87},[36,134080,79305],{"class":91},[36,134082,88],{"class":87},[36,134084,58],{"class":50},[36,134086,99],{"class":87},[36,134088,134089],{"class":91},"three",[36,134091,88],{"class":87},[36,134093,1355],{"class":50},[36,134095,134096,134099,134101,134103,134105,134107,134109,134111,134113,134115],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,134097,134098],{"class":42},"joined_text ",[36,134100,47],{"class":46},[36,134102,99],{"class":87},[36,134104,2070],{"class":91},[36,134106,88],{"class":87},[36,134108,303],{"class":50},[36,134110,133362],{"class":148},[36,134112,145],{"class":50},[36,134114,162],{"class":148},[36,134116,152],{"class":50},[36,134118,134119],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,134120,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,134122,134123,134125,134127,134130],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,134124,142],{"class":141},[36,134126,145],{"class":50},[36,134128,134129],{"class":148},"joined_text",[36,134131,152],{"class":50},[14,134133,182],{},[26,134135,134137],{"className":28,"code":134136,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"one-two-three\n",[33,134138,134139],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,134140,134141,134143,134145,134147,134149],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,134142,6625],{"class":42},[36,134144,2070],{"class":46},[36,134146,79305],{"class":42},[36,134148,2070],{"class":46},[36,134150,134151],{"class":42},"three\n",[21,134153,134155],{"id":134154},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[14,134157,134158],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[376,134160,134162,134165],{"id":134161},"join-adds-spaces",[33,134163,134164],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[26,134167,134169],{"className":28,"code":134168,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[33,134170,134171,134195],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,134172,134173,134175,134177,134179,134181,134183,134185,134187,134189,134191,134193],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,134174,75],{"class":42},[36,134176,47],{"class":46},[36,134178,1333],{"class":50},[36,134180,88],{"class":87},[36,134182,708],{"class":91},[36,134184,88],{"class":87},[36,134186,58],{"class":50},[36,134188,99],{"class":87},[36,134190,60626],{"class":91},[36,134192,88],{"class":87},[36,134194,1355],{"class":50},[36,134196,134197,134199,134201,134203,134205,134207,134209,134211,134213],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,134198,142],{"class":141},[36,134200,145],{"class":50},[36,134202,88],{"class":87},[36,134204,99],{"class":87},[36,134206,303],{"class":50},[36,134208,133362],{"class":148},[36,134210,145],{"class":50},[36,134212,162],{"class":148},[36,134214,445],{"class":50},[14,134216,182],{},[26,134218,134220],{"className":28,"code":134219,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"hello world\n",[33,134221,134222],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,134223,134224],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,134225,134219],{"class":42},[376,134227,134229,134232],{"id":134228},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[33,134230,134231],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[26,134234,134236],{"className":28,"code":134235,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[33,134237,134238,134270],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,134239,134240,134242,134244,134246,134248,134250,134252,134254,134256,134258,134260,134262,134264,134266,134268],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,134241,13108],{"class":42},[36,134243,47],{"class":46},[36,134245,1333],{"class":50},[36,134247,88],{"class":87},[36,134249,13125],{"class":91},[36,134251,88],{"class":87},[36,134253,58],{"class":50},[36,134255,99],{"class":87},[36,134257,13142],{"class":91},[36,134259,88],{"class":87},[36,134261,58],{"class":50},[36,134263,99],{"class":87},[36,134265,17486],{"class":91},[36,134267,88],{"class":87},[36,134269,1355],{"class":50},[36,134271,134272,134274,134276,134278,134280,134282,134284,134286,134288,134290],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,134273,142],{"class":141},[36,134275,145],{"class":50},[36,134277,88],{"class":87},[36,134279,2238],{"class":91},[36,134281,88],{"class":87},[36,134283,303],{"class":50},[36,134285,133362],{"class":148},[36,134287,145],{"class":50},[36,134289,17533],{"class":148},[36,134291,445],{"class":50},[14,134293,182],{},[26,134295,134297],{"className":28,"code":134296,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"red, blue, green\n",[33,134298,134299],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,134300,134301,134303,134305,134308,134310],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,134302,13125],{"class":42},[36,134304,58],{"class":50},[36,134306,134307],{"class":42}," blue",[36,134309,58],{"class":50},[36,134311,35910],{"class":42},[14,134313,134314],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[376,134316,134318,134321],{"id":134317},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[33,134319,134320],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[26,134323,134325],{"className":28,"code":134324,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[33,134326,134327,134359],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,134328,134329,134331,134333,134335,134337,134339,134341,134343,134345,134347,134349,134351,134353,134355,134357],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,134330,42874],{"class":42},[36,134332,47],{"class":46},[36,134334,1333],{"class":50},[36,134336,88],{"class":87},[36,134338,30],{"class":91},[36,134340,88],{"class":87},[36,134342,58],{"class":50},[36,134344,99],{"class":87},[36,134346,61209],{"class":91},[36,134348,88],{"class":87},[36,134350,58],{"class":50},[36,134352,99],{"class":87},[36,134354,133362],{"class":91},[36,134356,88],{"class":87},[36,134358,1355],{"class":50},[36,134360,134361,134363,134365,134367,134369,134371,134373,134375,134377,134379],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,134362,142],{"class":141},[36,134364,145],{"class":50},[36,134366,88],{"class":87},[36,134368,2070],{"class":91},[36,134370,88],{"class":87},[36,134372,303],{"class":50},[36,134374,133362],{"class":148},[36,134376,145],{"class":50},[36,134378,42906],{"class":148},[36,134380,445],{"class":50},[14,134382,182],{},[26,134384,134386],{"className":28,"code":134385,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"python-string-join\n",[33,134387,134388],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,134389,134390,134392,134394,134396,134398],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,134391,30],{"class":42},[36,134393,2070],{"class":46},[36,134395,61209],{"class":42},[36,134397,2070],{"class":46},[36,134399,134400],{"class":42},"join\n",[376,134402,134404,134407],{"id":134403},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[33,134405,134406],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[26,134409,134411],{"className":28,"code":134410,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[33,134412,134413,134446],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,134414,134415,134417,134419,134421,134423,134425,134427,134429,134431,134433,134435,134437,134439,134442,134444],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,134416,112782],{"class":42},[36,134418,47],{"class":46},[36,134420,1333],{"class":50},[36,134422,88],{"class":87},[36,134424,22277],{"class":91},[36,134426,88],{"class":87},[36,134428,58],{"class":50},[36,134430,99],{"class":87},[36,134432,30633],{"class":91},[36,134434,88],{"class":87},[36,134436,58],{"class":50},[36,134438,99],{"class":87},[36,134440,134441],{"class":91},"C",[36,134443,88],{"class":87},[36,134445,1355],{"class":50},[36,134447,134448,134450,134452,134454,134456,134458,134460,134463],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,134449,142],{"class":141},[36,134451,145],{"class":50},[36,134453,6312],{"class":87},[36,134455,303],{"class":50},[36,134457,133362],{"class":148},[36,134459,145],{"class":50},[36,134461,134462],{"class":148},"chars",[36,134464,445],{"class":50},[14,134466,182],{},[26,134468,134470],{"className":28,"code":134469,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"ABC\n",[33,134471,134472],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,134473,134474],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,134475,134469],{"class":34487},[21,134477,134479],{"id":134478},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[14,134481,134482,134484],{},[33,134483,133285],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[376,134486,134488],{"id":134487},"this-works","This works",[26,134490,134492],{"className":28,"code":134491,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[33,134493,134494,134526],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,134495,134496,134498,134500,134502,134504,134506,134508,134510,134512,134514,134516,134518,134520,134522,134524],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,134497,621],{"class":42},[36,134499,47],{"class":46},[36,134501,1333],{"class":50},[36,134503,88],{"class":87},[36,134505,631],{"class":91},[36,134507,88],{"class":87},[36,134509,58],{"class":50},[36,134511,99],{"class":87},[36,134513,15783],{"class":91},[36,134515,88],{"class":87},[36,134517,58],{"class":50},[36,134519,99],{"class":87},[36,134521,36876],{"class":91},[36,134523,88],{"class":87},[36,134525,1355],{"class":50},[36,134527,134528,134530,134532,134534,134536,134538,134540,134542,134544,134546],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,134529,142],{"class":141},[36,134531,145],{"class":50},[36,134533,88],{"class":87},[36,134535,2238],{"class":91},[36,134537,88],{"class":87},[36,134539,303],{"class":50},[36,134541,133362],{"class":148},[36,134543,145],{"class":50},[36,134545,656],{"class":148},[36,134547,445],{"class":50},[14,134549,182],{},[26,134551,134553],{"className":28,"code":134552,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"10, 20, 30\n",[33,134554,134555],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,134556,134557,134559,134561,134563,134565],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,134558,631],{"class":54},[36,134560,58],{"class":50},[36,134562,636],{"class":54},[36,134564,58],{"class":50},[36,134566,134567],{"class":54}," 30\n",[376,134569,134571],{"id":134570},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[26,134573,134575],{"className":28,"code":134574,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[33,134576,134577,134597],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,134578,134579,134581,134583,134585,134587,134589,134591,134593,134595],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,134580,621],{"class":42},[36,134582,47],{"class":46},[36,134584,1333],{"class":50},[36,134586,55],{"class":54},[36,134588,58],{"class":50},[36,134590,61],{"class":54},[36,134592,58],{"class":50},[36,134594,66],{"class":54},[36,134596,1355],{"class":50},[36,134598,134599,134601,134603,134605,134607,134609,134611,134613,134615,134617],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,134600,142],{"class":141},[36,134602,145],{"class":50},[36,134604,88],{"class":87},[36,134606,2238],{"class":91},[36,134608,88],{"class":87},[36,134610,303],{"class":50},[36,134612,133362],{"class":148},[36,134614,145],{"class":50},[36,134616,656],{"class":148},[36,134618,445],{"class":50},[14,134620,90345,134621,134623],{},[33,134622,1210],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[14,134625,134626],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[26,134628,134630],{"className":28,"code":134629,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,134631,134632,134652,134682,134686],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,134633,134634,134636,134638,134640,134642,134644,134646,134648,134650],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,134635,621],{"class":42},[36,134637,47],{"class":46},[36,134639,1333],{"class":50},[36,134641,55],{"class":54},[36,134643,58],{"class":50},[36,134645,61],{"class":54},[36,134647,58],{"class":50},[36,134649,66],{"class":54},[36,134651,1355],{"class":50},[36,134653,134654,134656,134658,134660,134662,134664,134666,134668,134670,134672,134674,134676,134678,134680],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,134655,2280],{"class":42},[36,134657,47],{"class":46},[36,134659,99],{"class":87},[36,134661,2238],{"class":91},[36,134663,88],{"class":87},[36,134665,303],{"class":50},[36,134667,133362],{"class":148},[36,134669,145],{"class":50},[36,134671,39896],{"class":141},[36,134673,145],{"class":50},[36,134675,3488],{"class":80},[36,134677,58],{"class":50},[36,134679,3927],{"class":148},[36,134681,445],{"class":50},[36,134683,134684],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,134685,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,134687,134688,134690,134692,134694],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,134689,142],{"class":141},[36,134691,145],{"class":50},[36,134693,2315],{"class":148},[36,134695,152],{"class":50},[14,134697,182],{},[26,134699,134701],{"className":28,"code":134700,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"1, 2, 3\n",[33,134702,134703],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,134704,134705,134707,134709,134711,134713],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,134706,55],{"class":54},[36,134708,58],{"class":50},[36,134710,61],{"class":54},[36,134712,58],{"class":50},[36,134714,2627],{"class":54},[14,134716,134717,134718,303],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[294,134719,1935,134720,3554],{"href":42212},[33,134721,47721],{},[376,134723,134725,134727],{"id":134724},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[33,134726,3822],{}," values do not work directly",[26,134729,134731],{"className":28,"code":134730,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[33,134732,134733,134761],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,134734,134735,134737,134739,134741,134743,134745,134747,134749,134751,134753,134755,134757,134759],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,134736,621],{"class":42},[36,134738,47],{"class":46},[36,134740,1333],{"class":50},[36,134742,88],{"class":87},[36,134744,92],{"class":91},[36,134746,88],{"class":87},[36,134748,58],{"class":50},[36,134750,3893],{"class":1143},[36,134752,58],{"class":50},[36,134754,99],{"class":87},[36,134756,102],{"class":91},[36,134758,88],{"class":87},[36,134760,1355],{"class":50},[36,134762,134763,134765,134767,134769,134771,134773,134775,134777,134779,134781],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,134764,142],{"class":141},[36,134766,145],{"class":50},[36,134768,88],{"class":87},[36,134770,2238],{"class":91},[36,134772,88],{"class":87},[36,134774,303],{"class":50},[36,134776,133362],{"class":148},[36,134778,145],{"class":50},[36,134780,656],{"class":148},[36,134782,445],{"class":50},[14,134784,134785,134786,303],{},"This also causes a ",[33,134787,1210],{},[14,134789,134790],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[26,134792,134794],{"className":28,"code":134793,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,134795,134796,134824,134854,134858],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,134797,134798,134800,134802,134804,134806,134808,134810,134812,134814,134816,134818,134820,134822],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,134799,621],{"class":42},[36,134801,47],{"class":46},[36,134803,1333],{"class":50},[36,134805,88],{"class":87},[36,134807,92],{"class":91},[36,134809,88],{"class":87},[36,134811,58],{"class":50},[36,134813,3893],{"class":1143},[36,134815,58],{"class":50},[36,134817,99],{"class":87},[36,134819,102],{"class":91},[36,134821,88],{"class":87},[36,134823,1355],{"class":50},[36,134825,134826,134828,134830,134832,134834,134836,134838,134840,134842,134844,134846,134848,134850,134852],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,134827,2280],{"class":42},[36,134829,47],{"class":46},[36,134831,99],{"class":87},[36,134833,2238],{"class":91},[36,134835,88],{"class":87},[36,134837,303],{"class":50},[36,134839,133362],{"class":148},[36,134841,145],{"class":50},[36,134843,39896],{"class":141},[36,134845,145],{"class":50},[36,134847,3488],{"class":80},[36,134849,58],{"class":50},[36,134851,3927],{"class":148},[36,134853,445],{"class":50},[36,134855,134856],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,134857,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,134859,134860,134862,134864,134866],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,134861,142],{"class":141},[36,134863,145],{"class":50},[36,134865,2315],{"class":148},[36,134867,152],{"class":50},[14,134869,182],{},[26,134871,134873],{"className":28,"code":134872,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"apple, None, banana\n",[33,134874,134875],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,134876,134877,134879,134881,134883,134885],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,134878,92],{"class":42},[36,134880,58],{"class":50},[36,134882,3893],{"class":1143},[36,134884,58],{"class":50},[36,134886,134887],{"class":42}," banana\n",[14,134889,134890,134891,134893],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[33,134892,3822],{}," values instead of converting them.",[376,134895,134897,134899],{"id":134896},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[33,134898,133285],{}," also works with tuples",[26,134901,134903],{"className":28,"code":134902,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[33,134904,134905,134937],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,134906,134907,134909,134911,134913,134915,134917,134919,134921,134923,134925,134927,134929,134931,134933,134935],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,134908,5034],{"class":42},[36,134910,47],{"class":46},[36,134912,1131],{"class":50},[36,134914,88],{"class":87},[36,134916,1259],{"class":91},[36,134918,88],{"class":87},[36,134920,58],{"class":50},[36,134922,99],{"class":87},[36,134924,131291],{"class":91},[36,134926,88],{"class":87},[36,134928,58],{"class":50},[36,134930,99],{"class":87},[36,134932,7957],{"class":91},[36,134934,88],{"class":87},[36,134936,152],{"class":50},[36,134938,134939,134941,134943,134945,134948,134950,134952,134954,134956,134958],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,134940,142],{"class":141},[36,134942,145],{"class":50},[36,134944,88],{"class":87},[36,134946,134947],{"class":91}," \u002F ",[36,134949,88],{"class":87},[36,134951,303],{"class":50},[36,134953,133362],{"class":148},[36,134955,145],{"class":50},[36,134957,5078],{"class":148},[36,134959,445],{"class":50},[14,134961,182],{},[26,134963,134965],{"className":28,"code":134964,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[33,134966,134967],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,134968,134969,134972,134974,134977,134979],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,134970,134971],{"class":42},"Sam ",[36,134973,127095],{"class":46},[36,134975,134976],{"class":42}," Lee ",[36,134978,127095],{"class":46},[36,134980,22366],{"class":42},[21,134982,134984,134985],{"id":134983},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[33,134986,133285],{},[14,134988,134989],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[376,134991,134993,134994,134996],{"id":134992},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[33,134995,1210],{}," because not all items are strings",[26,134998,135000],{"className":28,"code":134999,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[33,135001,135002,135030],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,135003,135004,135006,135008,135010,135012,135014,135016,135018,135020,135022,135024,135026,135028],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,135005,1328],{"class":42},[36,135007,47],{"class":46},[36,135009,1333],{"class":50},[36,135011,88],{"class":87},[36,135013,294],{"class":91},[36,135015,88],{"class":87},[36,135017,58],{"class":50},[36,135019,61],{"class":54},[36,135021,58],{"class":50},[36,135023,99],{"class":87},[36,135025,9770],{"class":91},[36,135027,88],{"class":87},[36,135029,1355],{"class":50},[36,135031,135032,135034,135036,135038,135040,135042,135044,135046,135048],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,135033,142],{"class":141},[36,135035,145],{"class":50},[36,135037,88],{"class":87},[36,135039,99],{"class":87},[36,135041,303],{"class":50},[36,135043,133362],{"class":148},[36,135045,145],{"class":50},[36,135047,1369],{"class":148},[36,135049,445],{"class":50},[14,135051,48548,135052,135054],{},[33,135053,481],{}," is an integer.",[14,135056,39298],{},[26,135058,135060],{"className":28,"code":135059,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[33,135061,135062,135090],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,135063,135064,135066,135068,135070,135072,135074,135076,135078,135080,135082,135084,135086,135088],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,135065,1328],{"class":42},[36,135067,47],{"class":46},[36,135069,1333],{"class":50},[36,135071,88],{"class":87},[36,135073,294],{"class":91},[36,135075,88],{"class":87},[36,135077,58],{"class":50},[36,135079,61],{"class":54},[36,135081,58],{"class":50},[36,135083,99],{"class":87},[36,135085,9770],{"class":91},[36,135087,88],{"class":87},[36,135089,1355],{"class":50},[36,135091,135092,135094,135096,135098,135100,135102,135104,135106,135108,135110,135112,135114,135116],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,135093,142],{"class":141},[36,135095,145],{"class":50},[36,135097,88],{"class":87},[36,135099,99],{"class":87},[36,135101,303],{"class":50},[36,135103,133362],{"class":148},[36,135105,145],{"class":50},[36,135107,39896],{"class":141},[36,135109,145],{"class":50},[36,135111,3488],{"class":80},[36,135113,58],{"class":50},[36,135115,6005],{"class":148},[36,135117,2961],{"class":50},[14,135119,135120,135121,303],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[294,135122,25713,135124],{"href":135123},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[33,135125,135126],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[376,135128,135130,135131,135133],{"id":135129},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[33,135132,133285],{}," on a list instead of a string",[14,135135,4564],{},[26,135137,135139],{"className":28,"code":135138,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[33,135140,135141,135173],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,135142,135143,135145,135147,135149,135151,135153,135155,135157,135159,135161,135163,135165,135167,135169,135171],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,135144,75],{"class":42},[36,135146,47],{"class":46},[36,135148,1333],{"class":50},[36,135150,88],{"class":87},[36,135152,7336],{"class":91},[36,135154,88],{"class":87},[36,135156,58],{"class":50},[36,135158,99],{"class":87},[36,135160,12224],{"class":91},[36,135162,88],{"class":87},[36,135164,58],{"class":50},[36,135166,99],{"class":87},[36,135168,133343],{"class":91},[36,135170,88],{"class":87},[36,135172,1355],{"class":50},[36,135174,135175,135177,135179,135181,135183,135185,135187,135189,135191],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,135176,2280],{"class":42},[36,135178,47],{"class":46},[36,135180,6208],{"class":42},[36,135182,303],{"class":50},[36,135184,133362],{"class":148},[36,135186,145],{"class":50},[36,135188,88],{"class":87},[36,135190,99],{"class":87},[36,135192,152],{"class":50},[14,135194,135195,135197],{},[33,135196,133285],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[14,135199,10837],{},[26,135201,135203],{"className":28,"code":135202,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,135204,135205,135237,135257,135261],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,135206,135207,135209,135211,135213,135215,135217,135219,135221,135223,135225,135227,135229,135231,135233,135235],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,135208,75],{"class":42},[36,135210,47],{"class":46},[36,135212,1333],{"class":50},[36,135214,88],{"class":87},[36,135216,7336],{"class":91},[36,135218,88],{"class":87},[36,135220,58],{"class":50},[36,135222,99],{"class":87},[36,135224,12224],{"class":91},[36,135226,88],{"class":87},[36,135228,58],{"class":50},[36,135230,99],{"class":87},[36,135232,133343],{"class":91},[36,135234,88],{"class":87},[36,135236,1355],{"class":50},[36,135238,135239,135241,135243,135245,135247,135249,135251,135253,135255],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,135240,2280],{"class":42},[36,135242,47],{"class":46},[36,135244,99],{"class":87},[36,135246,99],{"class":87},[36,135248,303],{"class":50},[36,135250,133362],{"class":148},[36,135252,145],{"class":50},[36,135254,162],{"class":148},[36,135256,152],{"class":50},[36,135258,135259],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,135260,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,135262,135263,135265,135267,135269],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,135264,142],{"class":141},[36,135266,145],{"class":50},[36,135268,2315],{"class":148},[36,135270,152],{"class":50},[376,135272,135274],{"id":135273},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[26,135276,135278],{"className":28,"code":135277,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[33,135279,135280,135312],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,135281,135282,135284,135286,135288,135290,135292,135294,135296,135298,135300,135302,135304,135306,135308,135310],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,135283,75],{"class":42},[36,135285,47],{"class":46},[36,135287,1333],{"class":50},[36,135289,88],{"class":87},[36,135291,6625],{"class":91},[36,135293,88],{"class":87},[36,135295,58],{"class":50},[36,135297,99],{"class":87},[36,135299,79305],{"class":91},[36,135301,88],{"class":87},[36,135303,58],{"class":50},[36,135305,99],{"class":87},[36,135307,134089],{"class":91},[36,135309,88],{"class":87},[36,135311,1355],{"class":50},[36,135313,135314,135316,135318,135320,135322,135324,135326,135328],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,135315,142],{"class":141},[36,135317,145],{"class":50},[36,135319,6312],{"class":87},[36,135321,303],{"class":50},[36,135323,133362],{"class":148},[36,135325,145],{"class":50},[36,135327,162],{"class":148},[36,135329,445],{"class":50},[14,135331,182],{},[26,135333,135335],{"className":28,"code":135334,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"onetwothree\n",[33,135336,135337],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,135338,135339],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,135340,135334],{"class":42},[14,135342,135343,135344,1524],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[33,135345,133430],{},[376,135347,135349,135350,131553],{"id":135348},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[33,135351,133285],{},[26,135353,135355],{"className":28,"code":135354,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[33,135356,135357,135389,135407,135411],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,135358,135359,135361,135363,135365,135367,135369,135371,135373,135375,135377,135379,135381,135383,135385,135387],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,135360,75],{"class":42},[36,135362,47],{"class":46},[36,135364,1333],{"class":50},[36,135366,88],{"class":87},[36,135368,294],{"class":91},[36,135370,88],{"class":87},[36,135372,58],{"class":50},[36,135374,99],{"class":87},[36,135376,1707],{"class":91},[36,135378,88],{"class":87},[36,135380,58],{"class":50},[36,135382,99],{"class":87},[36,135384,9770],{"class":91},[36,135386,88],{"class":87},[36,135388,1355],{"class":50},[36,135390,135391,135393,135395,135397,135399,135401,135403,135405],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,135392,88],{"class":43366},[36,135394,2070],{"class":43370},[36,135396,88],{"class":43366},[36,135398,303],{"class":50},[36,135400,133362],{"class":148},[36,135402,145],{"class":50},[36,135404,162],{"class":148},[36,135406,152],{"class":50},[36,135408,135409],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,135410,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,135412,135413,135415,135417,135419],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,135414,142],{"class":141},[36,135416,145],{"class":50},[36,135418,162],{"class":148},[36,135420,152],{"class":50},[14,135422,182],{},[26,135424,135425],{"className":28,"code":42913,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,135426,135427],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,135428,135429,135431,135433,135435,135437,135439,135441,135443,135445,135447,135449,135451,135453],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,135430,3941],{"class":50},[36,135432,211],{"class":87},[36,135434,294],{"class":91},[36,135436,211],{"class":87},[36,135438,58],{"class":50},[36,135440,220],{"class":87},[36,135442,1707],{"class":91},[36,135444,211],{"class":87},[36,135446,58],{"class":50},[36,135448,220],{"class":87},[36,135450,9770],{"class":91},[36,135452,211],{"class":87},[36,135454,1355],{"class":50},[14,135456,135457,135458,135460],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[33,135459,133285],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[21,135462,135464,135466,135467],{"id":135463},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[33,135465,133285],{}," vs concatenation with ",[33,135468,2107],{},[14,135470,10620,135471,482,135473,135475],{},[33,135472,133285],{},[33,135474,2107],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[376,135477,495,135479,135481],{"id":135478},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[33,135480,2107],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[26,135483,135485],{"className":28,"code":135484,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,135486,135487,135500,135513,135533,135537],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,135488,135489,135492,135494,135496,135498],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,135490,135491],{"class":42},"first ",[36,135493,47],{"class":46},[36,135495,99],{"class":87},[36,135497,34902],{"class":91},[36,135499,3403],{"class":87},[36,135501,135502,135505,135507,135509,135511],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,135503,135504],{"class":42},"second ",[36,135506,47],{"class":46},[36,135508,99],{"class":87},[36,135510,89774],{"class":91},[36,135512,3403],{"class":87},[36,135514,135515,135517,135519,135522,135524,135526,135528,135530],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,135516,2280],{"class":42},[36,135518,47],{"class":46},[36,135520,135521],{"class":42}," first ",[36,135523,2107],{"class":46},[36,135525,99],{"class":87},[36,135527,99],{"class":87},[36,135529,2504],{"class":46},[36,135531,135532],{"class":42}," second\n",[36,135534,135535],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,135536,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,135538,135539,135541,135543,135545],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,135540,142],{"class":141},[36,135542,145],{"class":50},[36,135544,2315],{"class":148},[36,135546,152],{"class":50},[14,135548,182],{},[26,135550,135552],{"className":28,"code":135551,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Hello World\n",[33,135553,135554],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,135555,135556],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,135557,135551],{"class":42},[376,135559,495,135561,135563],{"id":135560},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[33,135562,133285],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[26,135565,135567],{"className":28,"code":135566,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,135568,135569,135611,135631,135635],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,135570,135571,135573,135575,135577,135579,135581,135583,135585,135587,135590,135592,135594,135596,135599,135601,135603,135605,135607,135609],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,135572,75],{"class":42},[36,135574,47],{"class":46},[36,135576,1333],{"class":50},[36,135578,88],{"class":87},[36,135580,7336],{"class":91},[36,135582,88],{"class":87},[36,135584,58],{"class":50},[36,135586,99],{"class":87},[36,135588,135589],{"class":91},"makes",[36,135591,88],{"class":87},[36,135593,58],{"class":50},[36,135595,99],{"class":87},[36,135597,135598],{"class":91},"this",[36,135600,88],{"class":87},[36,135602,58],{"class":50},[36,135604,99],{"class":87},[36,135606,133784],{"class":91},[36,135608,88],{"class":87},[36,135610,1355],{"class":50},[36,135612,135613,135615,135617,135619,135621,135623,135625,135627,135629],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,135614,2280],{"class":42},[36,135616,47],{"class":46},[36,135618,99],{"class":87},[36,135620,99],{"class":87},[36,135622,303],{"class":50},[36,135624,133362],{"class":148},[36,135626,145],{"class":50},[36,135628,162],{"class":148},[36,135630,152],{"class":50},[36,135632,135633],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,135634,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,135636,135637,135639,135641,135643],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,135638,142],{"class":141},[36,135640,145],{"class":50},[36,135642,2315],{"class":148},[36,135644,152],{"class":50},[14,135646,182],{},[26,135648,135650],{"className":28,"code":135649,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Python makes this easy\n",[33,135651,135652],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,135653,135654],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,135655,135649],{"class":42},[14,135657,135658,135660],{},[33,135659,133285],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[246,135662,135663,135666,135669],{},[249,135664,135665],{},"You already have a list of strings",[249,135667,135668],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[249,135670,135671,135672,135674],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[33,135673,2107],{}," operators",[14,135676,135677,135678,303],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[294,135679,135681],{"href":135680},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[21,135683,135685],{"id":135684},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[14,135687,8909,135688,135690],{},[33,135689,133285],{}," is not working, check these first:",[246,135692,135693,135696,135701,135710,135716],{},[249,135694,135695],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[249,135697,135698,135699],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[33,135700,3822],{},[249,135702,135703,135704,11122,135707],{},"You may have written ",[33,135705,135706],{},"list.join(...)",[33,135708,135709],{},"string.join(...)",[249,135711,135712,135713,135715],{},"You may be expecting ",[33,135714,133285],{}," to change the original iterable",[249,135717,135718],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[14,135720,94412],{},[26,135722,135724],{"className":28,"code":135723,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[33,135725,135726,135740,135750,135774,135814],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,135727,135728,135730,135732,135734,135736,135738],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,135729,142],{"class":141},[36,135731,145],{"class":50},[36,135733,818],{"class":80},[36,135735,145],{"class":50},[36,135737,1369],{"class":148},[36,135739,445],{"class":50},[36,135741,135742,135744,135746,135748],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,135743,142],{"class":141},[36,135745,145],{"class":50},[36,135747,1369],{"class":148},[36,135749,152],{"class":50},[36,135751,135752,135754,135756,135758,135760,135762,135764,135766,135768,135770,135772],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,135753,142],{"class":141},[36,135755,84],{"class":50},[36,135757,818],{"class":80},[36,135759,145],{"class":50},[36,135761,23343],{"class":148},[36,135763,3703],{"class":50},[36,135765,3918],{"class":3917},[36,135767,6000],{"class":148},[36,135769,3924],{"class":3917},[36,135771,6005],{"class":148},[36,135773,115],{"class":50},[36,135775,135776,135778,135780,135782,135784,135786,135788,135790,135792,135794,135796,135798,135800,135802,135804,135806,135808,135810,135812],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,135777,142],{"class":141},[36,135779,145],{"class":50},[36,135781,211],{"class":87},[36,135783,220],{"class":87},[36,135785,303],{"class":50},[36,135787,133362],{"class":148},[36,135789,84],{"class":50},[36,135791,211],{"class":87},[36,135793,294],{"class":91},[36,135795,211],{"class":87},[36,135797,58],{"class":50},[36,135799,220],{"class":87},[36,135801,1707],{"class":91},[36,135803,211],{"class":87},[36,135805,58],{"class":50},[36,135807,220],{"class":87},[36,135809,9770],{"class":91},[36,135811,211],{"class":87},[36,135813,3047],{"class":50},[36,135815,135816,135818,135820,135822,135824,135826,135828,135830,135832,135834,135836,135838,135840,135842,135844,135846,135848,135850,135852],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,135817,142],{"class":141},[36,135819,145],{"class":50},[36,135821,211],{"class":87},[36,135823,2238],{"class":91},[36,135825,211],{"class":87},[36,135827,303],{"class":50},[36,135829,133362],{"class":148},[36,135831,145],{"class":50},[36,135833,39896],{"class":141},[36,135835,145],{"class":50},[36,135837,3488],{"class":80},[36,135839,58],{"class":50},[36,135841,1333],{"class":50},[36,135843,55],{"class":54},[36,135845,58],{"class":50},[36,135847,61],{"class":54},[36,135849,58],{"class":50},[36,135851,66],{"class":54},[36,135853,37300],{"class":50},[14,135855,135856],{},"What these checks do:",[246,135858,135859,135867,135873,135879,135888],{},[249,135860,135861,135864,135865,8132],{},[33,135862,135863],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[33,135866,1369],{},[249,135868,135869,135872],{},[33,135870,135871],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[249,135874,135875,135878],{},[33,135876,135877],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[249,135880,135881,135884,135885,135887],{},[33,135882,135883],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[33,135886,133285],{}," behavior",[249,135889,135890,135893],{},[33,135891,135892],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[21,135895,1872],{"id":1871},[376,135897,12735,135899,135901],{"id":135898},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[33,135900,133285],{}," work with numbers?",[14,135903,135904,135905,135907,135908,303],{},"Not directly. ",[33,135906,133285],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[33,135909,135910],{},"map(str, values)",[376,135912,12735,135914,57201],{"id":135913},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[33,135915,133285],{},[14,135917,135918],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[376,135920,28363,135922,62670],{"id":135921},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[33,135923,133285],{},[14,135925,42189,135926,135928],{},[33,135927,133285],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[376,135930,5182,135932,39997],{"id":135931},"what-does-joinwords-do",[33,135933,135934],{},"''.join(words)",[14,135936,135937],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[376,135939,135941,135942,135944,135945,2541],{"id":135940},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[33,135943,1210],{}," when using ",[33,135946,133285],{},[14,135948,135949],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[21,135951,1923],{"id":1922},[246,135953,135954,135959,135965,135971,135977],{},[249,135955,135956],{},[294,135957,135958],{"href":135680},"How to join strings in Python",[249,135960,135961],{},[294,135962,126203,135963,1939],{"href":128890},[33,135964,60566],{},[249,135966,135967],{},[294,135968,1935,135969,3554],{"href":42212},[33,135970,47721],{},[249,135972,135973],{},[294,135974,30381,135975],{"href":135123},[33,135976,135126],{},[249,135978,135979],{},[294,135980,124958],{"href":51014},[14,135982,97370,135983,135985],{},[33,135984,133285],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1962,135987,135988],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":135990},[135991,135992,135994,135997,136004,136014,136022,136032,136039,136040,136052],{"id":23,"depth":72,"text":24},{"id":133402,"depth":72,"text":135993},"What join() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205,"children":135995},[135996],{"id":49047,"depth":118,"text":49048},{"id":121733,"depth":72,"text":121734,"children":135998},[135999,136000,136001,136002],{"id":133749,"depth":118,"text":133750},{"id":133841,"depth":118,"text":133842},{"id":133942,"depth":118,"text":133943},{"id":134051,"depth":118,"text":136003},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134154,"depth":72,"text":134155,"children":136005},[136006,136008,136010,136012],{"id":134161,"depth":118,"text":136007},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134228,"depth":118,"text":136009},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134317,"depth":118,"text":136011},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134403,"depth":118,"text":136013},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134478,"depth":72,"text":134479,"children":136015},[136016,136017,136018,136020],{"id":134487,"depth":118,"text":134488},{"id":134570,"depth":118,"text":134571},{"id":134724,"depth":118,"text":136019},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134896,"depth":118,"text":136021},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134983,"depth":72,"text":136023,"children":136024},"Common errors with join()",[136025,136027,136029,136030],{"id":134992,"depth":118,"text":136026},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135129,"depth":118,"text":136028},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135273,"depth":118,"text":135274},{"id":135348,"depth":118,"text":136031},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135463,"depth":72,"text":136033,"children":136034},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136035,136037],{"id":135478,"depth":118,"text":136036},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135560,"depth":118,"text":136038},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135684,"depth":72,"text":135685},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":136041},[136042,136044,136046,136048,136050],{"id":135898,"depth":118,"text":136043},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135913,"depth":118,"text":136045},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135921,"depth":118,"text":136047},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135931,"depth":118,"text":136049},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135940,"depth":118,"text":136051},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133277,"description":136053},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136060,"title":136061,"body":136062,"description":137630,"extension":2009,"meta":137631,"navigation":134,"path":137632,"seo":137633,"stem":137634,"__hash__":137635},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136063,"toc":137597},[136064,136069,136074,136076,136090,136135,136142,136147,136152,136154,136170,136179,136181,136183,136198,136200,136210,136212,136274,136276,136279,136340,136342,136358,136360,136373,136376,136423,136425,136431,136434,136437,136497,136505,136591,136595,136600,136602,136616,136619,136704,136707,136765,136776,136831,136833,136840,136846,136852,136896,136899,136946,136948,136950,136957,136959,136990,136993,136995,137026,137030,137033,137035,137075,137077,137120,137126,137131,137133,137160,137165,137168,137217,137221,137224,137299,137310,137313,137370,137377,137383,137391,137396,137403,137410,137428,137430,137484,137492,137494,137499,137502,137508,137514,137519,137522,137528,137534,137541,137549,137551,137594],[10,136065,123203,136067,11352],{"id":136066},"python-string-lower-method",[33,136068,123933],{},[14,136070,123208,136071,136073],{},[33,136072,123933],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[14,136075,24120],{},[246,136077,136078,136081,136084,136087],{},[249,136079,136080],{},"convert text to lowercase",[249,136082,136083],{},"compare text without case differences",[249,136085,136086],{},"clean up user input",[249,136088,136089],{},"make simple text matching easier",[26,136091,136093],{"className":28,"code":136092,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[33,136094,136095,136108,136122],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,136096,136097,136099,136101,136103,136106],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,136098,34722],{"class":42},[36,136100,47],{"class":46},[36,136102,99],{"class":87},[36,136104,136105],{"class":91},"Hello WORLD",[36,136107,3403],{"class":87},[36,136109,136110,136112,136114,136116,136118,136120],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,136111,2280],{"class":42},[36,136113,47],{"class":46},[36,136115,42879],{"class":42},[36,136117,303],{"class":50},[36,136119,8677],{"class":148},[36,136121,128],{"class":50},[36,136123,136124,136126,136128,136130,136132],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,136125,142],{"class":141},[36,136127,145],{"class":50},[36,136129,2315],{"class":148},[36,136131,3703],{"class":50},[36,136133,136134],{"class":1617},"  # hello world\n",[14,136136,136137,88997,136139,136141],{},[180,136138,83855],{},[33,136140,123933],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[21,136143,3720,136145,3723],{"id":136144},"what-lower-does",[33,136146,123933],{},[14,136148,136149,136151],{},[33,136150,123933],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[14,136153,13084],{},[246,136155,136156,136161,136164,136167],{},[249,136157,136158,136160],{},[33,136159,123933],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[249,136162,136163],{},"It works on string objects",[249,136165,136166],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[249,136168,136169],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[14,136171,124955,136172,136176,136177,303],{},[294,136173,136175],{"href":136174},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[294,136178,51015],{"href":51014},[21,136180,2205],{"id":2204},[14,136182,2208],{},[26,136184,136186],{"className":28,"code":136185,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"string.lower()\n",[33,136187,136188],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,136189,136190,136192,136194,136196],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,136191,61209],{"class":42},[36,136193,303],{"class":50},[36,136195,8677],{"class":148},[36,136197,128],{"class":50},[14,136199,43688],{},[246,136201,136202,136204,136207],{},[249,136203,97547],{},[249,136205,136206],{},"You call it directly on a string",[249,136208,136209],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[14,136211,2257],{},[26,136213,136215],{"className":28,"code":136214,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[33,136216,136217,136240,136244,136257],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,136218,136219,136221,136223,136225,136228,136230,136232,136234,136237],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,136220,142],{"class":141},[36,136222,145],{"class":50},[36,136224,88],{"class":87},[36,136226,136227],{"class":91},"HELLO",[36,136229,88],{"class":87},[36,136231,303],{"class":50},[36,136233,8677],{"class":148},[36,136235,136236],{"class":50},"())",[36,136238,136239],{"class":1617},"  # hello\n",[36,136241,136242],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,136243,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,136245,136246,136248,136250,136252,136255],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,136247,7912],{"class":42},[36,136249,47],{"class":46},[36,136251,99],{"class":87},[36,136253,136254],{"class":91},"PyThOn",[36,136256,3403],{"class":87},[36,136258,136259,136261,136263,136265,136267,136269,136271],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,136260,142],{"class":141},[36,136262,145],{"class":50},[36,136264,1250],{"class":148},[36,136266,303],{"class":50},[36,136268,8677],{"class":148},[36,136270,136236],{"class":50},[36,136272,136273],{"class":1617},"  # python\n",[21,136275,11505],{"id":11504},[14,136277,136278],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[26,136280,136282],{"className":28,"code":136281,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[33,136283,136284,136296,136300,136315,136319,136330],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,136285,136286,136288,136290,136292,136294],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,136287,34722],{"class":42},[36,136289,47],{"class":46},[36,136291,99],{"class":87},[36,136293,136105],{"class":91},[36,136295,3403],{"class":87},[36,136297,136298],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,136299,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,136301,136302,136305,136307,136309,136311,136313],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,136303,136304],{"class":42},"lower_text ",[36,136306,47],{"class":46},[36,136308,42879],{"class":42},[36,136310,303],{"class":50},[36,136312,8677],{"class":148},[36,136314,128],{"class":50},[36,136316,136317],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,136318,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,136320,136321,136323,136325,136328],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,136322,142],{"class":141},[36,136324,145],{"class":50},[36,136326,136327],{"class":148},"lower_text",[36,136329,152],{"class":50},[36,136331,136332,136334,136336,136338],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,136333,142],{"class":141},[36,136335,145],{"class":50},[36,136337,34743],{"class":148},[36,136339,152],{"class":50},[14,136341,182],{},[26,136343,136345],{"className":28,"code":136344,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[33,136346,136347,136351],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,136348,136349],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,136350,134219],{"class":42},[36,136352,136353,136355],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,136354,131619],{"class":42},[36,136356,136357],{"class":34487},"WORLD\n",[14,136359,24640],{},[246,136361,136362,136367],{},[249,136363,136364,136366],{},[33,136365,123933],{}," returns the lowercase result",[249,136368,136369,136370,136372],{},"the original ",[33,136371,34743],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[14,136374,136375],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[26,136377,136379],{"className":28,"code":136378,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[33,136380,136381,136393,136407,136411],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,136382,136383,136385,136387,136389,136391],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,136384,34722],{"class":42},[36,136386,47],{"class":46},[36,136388,99],{"class":87},[36,136390,136105],{"class":91},[36,136392,3403],{"class":87},[36,136394,136395,136397,136399,136401,136403,136405],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,136396,34722],{"class":42},[36,136398,47],{"class":46},[36,136400,42879],{"class":42},[36,136402,303],{"class":50},[36,136404,8677],{"class":148},[36,136406,128],{"class":50},[36,136408,136409],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,136410,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,136412,136413,136415,136417,136419,136421],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,136414,142],{"class":141},[36,136416,145],{"class":50},[36,136418,34743],{"class":148},[36,136420,3703],{"class":50},[36,136422,136134],{"class":1617},[21,136424,17449],{"id":17448},[14,136426,136427,22007,136429,303],{},[33,136428,123933],{},[180,136430,61209],{},[14,136432,136433],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[14,136435,136436],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[26,136438,136440],{"className":28,"code":136439,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[33,136441,136442,136456,136460,136483],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,136443,136444,136447,136449,136451,136454],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,136445,136446],{"class":42},"answer ",[36,136448,47],{"class":46},[36,136450,99],{"class":87},[36,136452,136453],{"class":91},"YES",[36,136455,3403],{"class":87},[36,136457,136458],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,136459,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,136461,136462,136464,136467,136469,136471,136473,136475,136477,136479,136481],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,136463,7037],{"class":3917},[36,136465,136466],{"class":42}," answer",[36,136468,303],{"class":50},[36,136470,8677],{"class":148},[36,136472,7405],{"class":50},[36,136474,6448],{"class":46},[36,136476,99],{"class":87},[36,136478,8694],{"class":91},[36,136480,88],{"class":87},[36,136482,6433],{"class":50},[36,136484,136485,136487,136489,136491,136493,136495],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,136486,8105],{"class":141},[36,136488,145],{"class":50},[36,136490,88],{"class":87},[36,136492,96862],{"class":91},[36,136494,88],{"class":87},[36,136496,152],{"class":50},[14,136498,136499,136500,1213],{},"This is especially useful with ",[294,136501,136502,136503,2354],{"href":8255},"the ",[33,136504,3007],{},[26,136506,136508],{"className":28,"code":136507,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[33,136509,136510,136529,136533,136555,136570,136576],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,136511,136512,136514,136516,136518,136520,136522,136525,136527],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,136513,136446],{"class":42},[36,136515,47],{"class":46},[36,136517,8278],{"class":141},[36,136519,145],{"class":50},[36,136521,88],{"class":87},[36,136523,136524],{"class":91},"Type yes or no: ",[36,136526,88],{"class":87},[36,136528,152],{"class":50},[36,136530,136531],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,136532,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,136534,136535,136537,136539,136541,136543,136545,136547,136549,136551,136553],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,136536,7037],{"class":3917},[36,136538,136466],{"class":42},[36,136540,303],{"class":50},[36,136542,8677],{"class":148},[36,136544,7405],{"class":50},[36,136546,6448],{"class":46},[36,136548,99],{"class":87},[36,136550,8694],{"class":91},[36,136552,88],{"class":87},[36,136554,6433],{"class":50},[36,136556,136557,136559,136561,136563,136566,136568],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,136558,8105],{"class":141},[36,136560,145],{"class":50},[36,136562,88],{"class":87},[36,136564,136565],{"class":91},"You typed yes",[36,136567,88],{"class":87},[36,136569,152],{"class":50},[36,136571,136572,136574],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,136573,27468],{"class":3917},[36,136575,6433],{"class":50},[36,136577,136578,136580,136582,136584,136587,136589],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,136579,8105],{"class":141},[36,136581,145],{"class":50},[36,136583,88],{"class":87},[36,136585,136586],{"class":91},"You typed something else",[36,136588,88],{"class":87},[36,136590,152],{"class":50},[21,136592,136594],{"id":136593},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[14,136596,136597,136599],{},[33,136598,123933],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[14,136601,7382],{},[246,136603,136604,136607,136610,136613],{},[249,136605,136606],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[249,136608,136609],{},"Make text matching easier",[249,136611,136612],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[249,136614,136615],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[14,136617,136618],{},"Example: checking user input",[26,136620,136622],{"className":28,"code":136621,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[33,136623,136624,136642,136646,136668,136683,136689],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,136625,136626,136628,136630,136632,136634,136636,136638,136640],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,136627,44996],{"class":42},[36,136629,47],{"class":46},[36,136631,8278],{"class":141},[36,136633,145],{"class":50},[36,136635,88],{"class":87},[36,136637,45007],{"class":91},[36,136639,88],{"class":87},[36,136641,152],{"class":50},[36,136643,136644],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,136645,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,136647,136648,136650,136652,136654,136656,136658,136660,136662,136664,136666],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,136649,7037],{"class":3917},[36,136651,35887],{"class":42},[36,136653,303],{"class":50},[36,136655,8677],{"class":148},[36,136657,7405],{"class":50},[36,136659,6448],{"class":46},[36,136661,99],{"class":87},[36,136663,13142],{"class":91},[36,136665,88],{"class":87},[36,136667,6433],{"class":50},[36,136669,136670,136672,136674,136676,136679,136681],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,136671,8105],{"class":141},[36,136673,145],{"class":50},[36,136675,88],{"class":87},[36,136677,136678],{"class":91},"Nice choice!",[36,136680,88],{"class":87},[36,136682,152],{"class":50},[36,136684,136685,136687],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,136686,27468],{"class":3917},[36,136688,6433],{"class":50},[36,136690,136691,136693,136695,136697,136700,136702],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,136692,8105],{"class":141},[36,136694,145],{"class":50},[36,136696,88],{"class":87},[36,136698,136699],{"class":91},"Got it.",[36,136701,88],{"class":87},[36,136703,152],{"class":50},[14,136705,136706],{},"Example: simple search",[26,136708,136710],{"className":28,"code":136709,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[33,136711,136712,136725,136729,136750],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,136713,136714,136716,136718,136720,136723],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,136715,90041],{"class":42},[36,136717,47],{"class":46},[36,136719,99],{"class":87},[36,136721,136722],{"class":91},"Python Is Fun",[36,136724,3403],{"class":87},[36,136726,136727],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,136728,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,136730,136731,136733,136735,136737,136739,136741,136744,136746,136748],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,136732,7037],{"class":3917},[36,136734,99],{"class":87},[36,136736,30],{"class":91},[36,136738,88],{"class":87},[36,136740,21205],{"class":46},[36,136742,136743],{"class":42}," message",[36,136745,303],{"class":50},[36,136747,8677],{"class":148},[36,136749,21627],{"class":50},[36,136751,136752,136754,136756,136758,136761,136763],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,136753,8105],{"class":141},[36,136755,145],{"class":50},[36,136757,88],{"class":87},[36,136759,136760],{"class":91},"Found it",[36,136762,88],{"class":87},[36,136764,152],{"class":50},[14,136766,136767,136768,136770,136771,1213],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[33,136769,123933],{}," is often used with ",[294,136772,136774],{"href":136773},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[33,136775,41690],{},[26,136777,136779],{"className":28,"code":136778,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[33,136780,136781,136794,136813,136817],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,136782,136783,136785,136787,136789,136792],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,136784,7912],{"class":42},[36,136786,47],{"class":46},[36,136788,99],{"class":87},[36,136790,136791],{"class":91},"  ALICE  ",[36,136793,3403],{"class":87},[36,136795,136796,136799,136801,136803,136805,136807,136809,136811],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,136797,136798],{"class":42},"clean_name ",[36,136800,47],{"class":46},[36,136802,36028],{"class":42},[36,136804,303],{"class":50},[36,136806,8671],{"class":148},[36,136808,8674],{"class":50},[36,136810,8677],{"class":148},[36,136812,128],{"class":50},[36,136814,136815],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,136816,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,136818,136819,136821,136823,136826,136828],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,136820,142],{"class":141},[36,136822,145],{"class":50},[36,136824,136825],{"class":148},"clean_name",[36,136827,3703],{"class":50},[36,136829,136830],{"class":1617},"  # alice\n",[21,136832,15628],{"id":15627},[14,136834,136835,136836,136839],{},"Strings are ",[180,136837,136838],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[14,136841,136842,136843,136845],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[33,136844,123933],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[14,136847,136848,136849,136851],{},"So this does ",[180,136850,870],{}," update the original variable:",[26,136853,136855],{"className":28,"code":136854,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[33,136856,136857,136869,136879,136883],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,136858,136859,136861,136863,136865,136867],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,136860,34722],{"class":42},[36,136862,47],{"class":46},[36,136864,99],{"class":87},[36,136866,136227],{"class":91},[36,136868,3403],{"class":87},[36,136870,136871,136873,136875,136877],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,136872,34743],{"class":42},[36,136874,303],{"class":50},[36,136876,8677],{"class":148},[36,136878,128],{"class":50},[36,136880,136881],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,136882,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,136884,136885,136887,136889,136891,136893],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,136886,142],{"class":141},[36,136888,145],{"class":50},[36,136890,34743],{"class":148},[36,136892,3703],{"class":50},[36,136894,136895],{"class":1617},"  # HELLO\n",[14,136897,136898],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[26,136900,136902],{"className":28,"code":136901,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[33,136903,136904,136916,136930,136934],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,136905,136906,136908,136910,136912,136914],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,136907,34722],{"class":42},[36,136909,47],{"class":46},[36,136911,99],{"class":87},[36,136913,136227],{"class":91},[36,136915,3403],{"class":87},[36,136917,136918,136920,136922,136924,136926,136928],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,136919,34722],{"class":42},[36,136921,47],{"class":46},[36,136923,42879],{"class":42},[36,136925,303],{"class":50},[36,136927,8677],{"class":148},[36,136929,128],{"class":50},[36,136931,136932],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,136933,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,136935,136936,136938,136940,136942,136944],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,136937,142],{"class":141},[36,136939,145],{"class":50},[36,136941,34743],{"class":148},[36,136943,3703],{"class":50},[36,136945,136239],{"class":1617},[21,136947,1455],{"id":1454},[376,136949,25721],{"id":25720},[14,136951,136952,136953,11122,136955,303],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[33,136954,8677],{},[33,136956,123933],{},[14,136958,16673],{},[26,136960,136962],{"className":28,"code":136961,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[33,136963,136964,136976],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,136965,136966,136968,136970,136972,136974],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,136967,34722],{"class":42},[36,136969,47],{"class":46},[36,136971,99],{"class":87},[36,136973,136227],{"class":91},[36,136975,3403],{"class":87},[36,136977,136978,136980,136982,136984,136986,136988],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,136979,142],{"class":141},[36,136981,145],{"class":50},[36,136983,34743],{"class":148},[36,136985,303],{"class":50},[36,136987,8677],{"class":24783},[36,136989,152],{"class":50},[14,136991,136992],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[14,136994,16685],{},[26,136996,136998],{"className":28,"code":136997,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[33,136999,137000,137012],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,137001,137002,137004,137006,137008,137010],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,137003,34722],{"class":42},[36,137005,47],{"class":46},[36,137007,99],{"class":87},[36,137009,136227],{"class":91},[36,137011,3403],{"class":87},[36,137013,137014,137016,137018,137020,137022,137024],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,137015,142],{"class":141},[36,137017,145],{"class":50},[36,137019,34743],{"class":148},[36,137021,303],{"class":50},[36,137023,8677],{"class":148},[36,137025,1847],{"class":50},[376,137027,137029],{"id":137028},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[14,137031,137032],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[14,137034,16673],{},[26,137036,137038],{"className":28,"code":137037,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[33,137039,137040,137052,137062],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,137041,137042,137044,137046,137048,137050],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,137043,34722],{"class":42},[36,137045,47],{"class":46},[36,137047,99],{"class":87},[36,137049,136227],{"class":91},[36,137051,3403],{"class":87},[36,137053,137054,137056,137058,137060],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,137055,34743],{"class":42},[36,137057,303],{"class":50},[36,137059,8677],{"class":148},[36,137061,128],{"class":50},[36,137063,137064,137066,137068,137070,137072],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,137065,142],{"class":141},[36,137067,145],{"class":50},[36,137069,34743],{"class":148},[36,137071,3703],{"class":50},[36,137073,137074],{"class":1617},"  # still HELLO\n",[14,137076,16685],{},[26,137078,137080],{"className":28,"code":137079,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[33,137081,137082,137094,137108],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,137083,137084,137086,137088,137090,137092],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,137085,34722],{"class":42},[36,137087,47],{"class":46},[36,137089,99],{"class":87},[36,137091,136227],{"class":91},[36,137093,3403],{"class":87},[36,137095,137096,137098,137100,137102,137104,137106],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,137097,34722],{"class":42},[36,137099,47],{"class":46},[36,137101,42879],{"class":42},[36,137103,303],{"class":50},[36,137105,8677],{"class":148},[36,137107,128],{"class":50},[36,137109,137110,137112,137114,137116,137118],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,137111,142],{"class":141},[36,137113,145],{"class":50},[36,137115,34743],{"class":148},[36,137117,3703],{"class":50},[36,137119,136239],{"class":1617},[376,137121,1462,137123,137125],{"id":137122},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[33,137124,123933],{}," on a non-string value",[14,137127,137128,137130],{},[33,137129,123933],{}," only works on strings.",[14,137132,16673],{},[26,137134,137136],{"className":28,"code":137135,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[33,137137,137138,137146],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,137139,137140,137142,137144],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,137141,2267],{"class":42},[36,137143,47],{"class":46},[36,137145,124885],{"class":54},[36,137147,137148,137150,137152,137154,137156,137158],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,137149,142],{"class":141},[36,137151,145],{"class":50},[36,137153,2290],{"class":148},[36,137155,303],{"class":50},[36,137157,8677],{"class":148},[36,137159,1847],{"class":50},[14,137161,137162,137163,33634],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[33,137164,123933],{},[14,137166,137167],{},"You can check the type first:",[26,137169,137171],{"className":28,"code":137170,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[33,137172,137173,137185,137189,137203],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,137174,137175,137177,137179,137181,137183],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,137176,34722],{"class":42},[36,137178,47],{"class":46},[36,137180,99],{"class":87},[36,137182,136227],{"class":91},[36,137184,3403],{"class":87},[36,137186,137187],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,137188,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,137190,137191,137193,137195,137197,137199,137201],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,137192,142],{"class":141},[36,137194,145],{"class":50},[36,137196,818],{"class":80},[36,137198,145],{"class":50},[36,137200,34743],{"class":148},[36,137202,445],{"class":50},[36,137204,137205,137207,137209,137211,137213,137215],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,137206,142],{"class":141},[36,137208,145],{"class":50},[36,137210,34743],{"class":148},[36,137212,303],{"class":50},[36,137214,8677],{"class":148},[36,137216,1847],{"class":50},[376,137218,137220],{"id":137219},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[14,137222,137223],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[26,137225,137227],{"className":28,"code":137226,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[33,137228,137229,137242,137246,137263,137278,137284],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,137230,137231,137233,137235,137237,137240],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,137232,136446],{"class":42},[36,137234,47],{"class":46},[36,137236,99],{"class":87},[36,137238,137239],{"class":91},"Yes",[36,137241,3403],{"class":87},[36,137243,137244],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,137245,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,137247,137248,137250,137253,137255,137257,137259,137261],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,137249,7037],{"class":3917},[36,137251,137252],{"class":42}," answer ",[36,137254,4727],{"class":46},[36,137256,99],{"class":87},[36,137258,8694],{"class":91},[36,137260,88],{"class":87},[36,137262,6433],{"class":50},[36,137264,137265,137267,137269,137271,137274,137276],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,137266,8105],{"class":141},[36,137268,145],{"class":50},[36,137270,88],{"class":87},[36,137272,137273],{"class":91},"Match",[36,137275,88],{"class":87},[36,137277,152],{"class":50},[36,137279,137280,137282],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,137281,27468],{"class":3917},[36,137283,6433],{"class":50},[36,137285,137286,137288,137290,137292,137295,137297],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,137287,8105],{"class":141},[36,137289,145],{"class":50},[36,137291,88],{"class":87},[36,137293,137294],{"class":91},"No match",[36,137296,88],{"class":87},[36,137298,152],{"class":50},[14,137300,29096,137301,482,137304,137307,137308,303],{},[33,137302,137303],{},"\"Yes\"",[33,137305,137306],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[33,137309,137294],{},[14,137311,137312],{},"Better:",[26,137314,137316],{"className":28,"code":137315,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[33,137317,137318,137330,137334,137356],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,137319,137320,137322,137324,137326,137328],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,137321,136446],{"class":42},[36,137323,47],{"class":46},[36,137325,99],{"class":87},[36,137327,137239],{"class":91},[36,137329,3403],{"class":87},[36,137331,137332],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,137333,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,137335,137336,137338,137340,137342,137344,137346,137348,137350,137352,137354],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,137337,7037],{"class":3917},[36,137339,136466],{"class":42},[36,137341,303],{"class":50},[36,137343,8677],{"class":148},[36,137345,7405],{"class":50},[36,137347,6448],{"class":46},[36,137349,99],{"class":87},[36,137351,8694],{"class":91},[36,137353,88],{"class":87},[36,137355,6433],{"class":50},[36,137357,137358,137360,137362,137364,137366,137368],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,137359,8105],{"class":141},[36,137361,145],{"class":50},[36,137363,88],{"class":87},[36,137365,137273],{"class":91},[36,137367,88],{"class":87},[36,137369,152],{"class":50},[376,137371,44251,137373,137376],{"id":137372},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[33,137374,137375],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[14,137378,137379,137380,137382],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[33,137381,123933],{}," is enough.",[14,137384,137385,137386,137388,137389,303],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[33,137387,137375],{}," can be stronger than ",[33,137390,123933],{},[14,137392,137393,137394,122445],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[33,137395,123933],{},[21,137397,137399,10615,137401],{"id":137398},"lower-vs-upper",[33,137400,123933],{},[33,137402,128081],{},[14,137404,137405,482,137407,137409],{},[33,137406,123933],{},[33,137408,128081],{}," are very similar.",[246,137411,137412,137417,137422,137425],{},[249,137413,137414,137416],{},[33,137415,123933],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[249,137418,137419,137421],{},[33,137420,128081],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[249,137423,137424],{},"Both return new strings",[249,137426,137427],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[14,137429,2257],{},[26,137431,137433],{"className":28,"code":137432,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[33,137434,137435,137447,137451,137467],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,137436,137437,137439,137441,137443,137445],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,137438,34722],{"class":42},[36,137440,47],{"class":46},[36,137442,99],{"class":87},[36,137444,128922],{"class":91},[36,137446,3403],{"class":87},[36,137448,137449],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,137450,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,137452,137453,137455,137457,137459,137461,137463,137465],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,137454,142],{"class":141},[36,137456,145],{"class":50},[36,137458,34743],{"class":148},[36,137460,303],{"class":50},[36,137462,8677],{"class":148},[36,137464,136236],{"class":50},[36,137466,136134],{"class":1617},[36,137468,137469,137471,137473,137475,137477,137479,137481],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,137470,142],{"class":141},[36,137472,145],{"class":50},[36,137474,34743],{"class":148},[36,137476,303],{"class":50},[36,137478,34512],{"class":148},[36,137480,136236],{"class":50},[36,137482,137483],{"class":1617},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[14,137485,137486,137487,303],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[294,137488,126203,137490,1939],{"href":137489},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[33,137491,128081],{},[21,137493,1872],{"id":1871},[376,137495,12735,137497,124530],{"id":137496},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[33,137498,123933],{},[14,137500,137501],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[376,137503,12735,137505,137507],{"id":137504},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[33,137506,123933],{}," take any arguments?",[14,137509,137510,137511,303],{},"No. The method is called as ",[33,137512,137513],{},"string.lower()",[376,137515,5182,137517,12747],{"id":137516},"what-does-lower-return",[33,137518,123933],{},[14,137520,137521],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[376,137523,28363,137525,137527],{"id":137524},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[33,137526,123933],{}," on user input?",[14,137529,137530,137531,137533],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[33,137532,3007],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[376,137535,5220,137537,482,137539,2541],{"id":137536},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[33,137538,123933],{},[33,137540,137375],{},[14,137542,137543,137545,137546,137548],{},[33,137544,123933],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[33,137547,137375],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[21,137550,1923],{"id":1922},[246,137552,137553,137557,137563,137569,137575,137579,137583,137589],{},[249,137554,137555],{},[294,137556,51015],{"href":51014},[249,137558,137559],{},[294,137560,126203,137561,1939],{"href":137489},[33,137562,128081],{},[249,137564,137565],{},[294,137566,126203,137567,1939],{"href":136773},[33,137568,41690],{},[249,137570,137571],{},[294,137572,126203,137573,1939],{"href":129784},[33,137574,124374],{},[249,137576,137577],{},[294,137578,124602],{"href":123458},[249,137580,137581],{},[294,137582,90717],{"href":89726},[249,137584,137585],{},[294,137586,1935,137587,3554],{"href":8255},[33,137588,3007],{},[249,137590,137591],{},[294,137592,137593],{"href":136174},"What is a string in Python?",[1962,137595,137596],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":137598},[137599,137601,137602,137603,137604,137605,137606,137615,137617,137629],{"id":136144,"depth":72,"text":137600},"What lower() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":11504,"depth":72,"text":11505},{"id":17448,"depth":72,"text":17449},{"id":136593,"depth":72,"text":136594},{"id":15627,"depth":72,"text":15628},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455,"children":137607},[137608,137609,137610,137612,137613],{"id":25720,"depth":118,"text":25721},{"id":137028,"depth":118,"text":137029},{"id":137122,"depth":118,"text":137611},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137219,"depth":118,"text":137220},{"id":137372,"depth":118,"text":137614},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137398,"depth":72,"text":137616},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":137618},[137619,137621,137623,137625,137627],{"id":137496,"depth":118,"text":137620},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137504,"depth":118,"text":137622},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137516,"depth":118,"text":137624},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137524,"depth":118,"text":137626},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137536,"depth":118,"text":137628},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136061,"description":137630},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137637,"title":137638,"body":137639,"description":139189,"extension":2009,"meta":139190,"navigation":134,"path":139191,"seo":139192,"stem":139193,"__hash__":139194},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137640,"toc":139150},[137641,137646,137651,137657,137672,137674,137734,137736,137745,137751,137756,137761,137763,137777,137781,137783,137830,137832,137850,137852,137855,137926,137928,137942,137945,137957,137966,137970,137975,137980,137984,138050,138052,138061,138065,138130,138132,138141,138144,138149,138153,138158,138162,138223,138225,138234,138238,138241,138297,138299,138308,138311,138324,138326,138330,138337,138399,138401,138414,138420,138423,138430,138435,138440,138443,138451,138453,138514,138516,138525,138528,138575,138578,138625,138627,138632,138649,138656,138661,138714,138716,138724,138726,138783,138785,138793,138797,138844,138846,138854,138862,138866,138914,138916,138925,138930,138981,138983,138992,138999,139002,139023,139025,139030,139033,139037,139040,139044,139047,139074,139080,139083,139110,139115,139117,139119,139147],[10,137642,123203,137644,11352],{"id":137643},"python-string-replace-method",[33,137645,124374],{},[14,137647,123208,137648,137650],{},[33,137649,124374],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[14,137652,137653,137654,137656],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[33,137655,124374],{},". You will learn:",[246,137658,137659,137663,137666,137669],{},[249,137660,26053,137661,3723],{},[33,137662,124374],{},[249,137664,137665],{},"how its syntax works",[249,137667,137668],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[249,137670,137671],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[21,137673,2051],{"id":2050},[26,137675,137677],{"className":28,"code":137676,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[33,137678,137679,137692,137724],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,137680,137681,137683,137685,137687,137690],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,137682,34722],{"class":42},[36,137684,47],{"class":46},[36,137686,99],{"class":87},[36,137688,137689],{"class":91},"I like cats",[36,137691,3403],{"class":87},[36,137693,137694,137696,137698,137700,137702,137704,137706,137708,137711,137713,137715,137717,137720,137722],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,137695,130042],{"class":42},[36,137697,47],{"class":46},[36,137699,42879],{"class":42},[36,137701,303],{"class":50},[36,137703,35034],{"class":148},[36,137705,145],{"class":50},[36,137707,88],{"class":87},[36,137709,137710],{"class":91},"cats",[36,137712,88],{"class":87},[36,137714,58],{"class":50},[36,137716,99],{"class":87},[36,137718,137719],{"class":91},"dogs",[36,137721,88],{"class":87},[36,137723,152],{"class":50},[36,137725,137726,137728,137730,137732],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,137727,142],{"class":141},[36,137729,145],{"class":50},[36,137731,130073],{"class":148},[36,137733,152],{"class":50},[14,137735,182],{},[26,137737,137739],{"className":28,"code":137738,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"I like dogs\n",[33,137740,137741],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,137742,137743],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,137744,137738],{"class":42},[14,137746,495,137747,137750],{},[33,137748,137749],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[21,137752,3720,137754,3723],{"id":137753},"what-replace-does",[33,137755,124374],{},[14,137757,137758,137760],{},[33,137759,124374],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[14,137762,13084],{},[246,137764,137765,137767,137769,137772],{},[249,137766,133451],{},[249,137768,136169],{},[249,137770,137771],{},"It works on exact matches",[249,137773,137774,137775],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[33,137776,41296],{},[14,137778,124955,137779,303],{},[294,137780,124958],{"href":51014},[21,137782,5472],{"id":5471},[26,137784,137786],{"className":28,"code":137785,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[33,137787,137788,137808],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,137789,137790,137792,137794,137796,137798,137801,137803,137806],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,137791,61209],{"class":42},[36,137793,303],{"class":50},[36,137795,35034],{"class":148},[36,137797,145],{"class":50},[36,137799,137800],{"class":148},"old",[36,137802,58],{"class":50},[36,137804,137805],{"class":148}," new",[36,137807,152],{"class":50},[36,137809,137810,137812,137814,137816,137818,137820,137822,137824,137826,137828],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,137811,61209],{"class":42},[36,137813,303],{"class":50},[36,137815,35034],{"class":148},[36,137817,145],{"class":50},[36,137819,137800],{"class":148},[36,137821,58],{"class":50},[36,137823,137805],{"class":148},[36,137825,58],{"class":50},[36,137827,49640],{"class":148},[36,137829,152],{"class":50},[376,137831,17425],{"id":17424},[246,137833,137834,137839,137845],{},[249,137835,137836,137838],{},[33,137837,137800],{}," = the text to find",[249,137840,137841,137844],{},[33,137842,137843],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[249,137846,137847,137849],{},[33,137848,41296],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[21,137851,5826],{"id":5825},[14,137853,137854],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[26,137856,137858],{"className":28,"code":137857,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[33,137859,137860,137872,137902,137906,137916],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,137861,137862,137864,137866,137868,137870],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,137863,34722],{"class":42},[36,137865,47],{"class":46},[36,137867,99],{"class":87},[36,137869,137689],{"class":91},[36,137871,3403],{"class":87},[36,137873,137874,137876,137878,137880,137882,137884,137886,137888,137890,137892,137894,137896,137898,137900],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,137875,130042],{"class":42},[36,137877,47],{"class":46},[36,137879,42879],{"class":42},[36,137881,303],{"class":50},[36,137883,35034],{"class":148},[36,137885,145],{"class":50},[36,137887,88],{"class":87},[36,137889,137710],{"class":91},[36,137891,88],{"class":87},[36,137893,58],{"class":50},[36,137895,99],{"class":87},[36,137897,137719],{"class":91},[36,137899,88],{"class":87},[36,137901,152],{"class":50},[36,137903,137904],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,137905,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,137907,137908,137910,137912,137914],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,137909,142],{"class":141},[36,137911,145],{"class":50},[36,137913,34743],{"class":148},[36,137915,152],{"class":50},[36,137917,137918,137920,137922,137924],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,137919,142],{"class":141},[36,137921,145],{"class":50},[36,137923,130073],{"class":148},[36,137925,152],{"class":50},[14,137927,182],{},[26,137929,137931],{"className":28,"code":137930,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[33,137932,137933,137938],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,137934,137935],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,137936,137937],{"class":42},"I like cats\n",[36,137939,137940],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,137941,137738],{"class":42},[14,137943,137944],{},"Notice what happened:",[246,137946,137947,137952],{},[249,137948,137949,137951],{},[33,137950,34743],{}," did not change",[249,137953,137954,137956],{},[33,137955,130073],{}," contains the updated value",[14,137958,137959,137960,137962,137963,137965],{},"This happens because strings are ",[180,137961,136838],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[33,137964,124374],{}," return a new string instead.",[21,137967,137969],{"id":137968},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[14,137971,89735,137972,137974],{},[33,137973,124374],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[14,137976,137977,137978,36656],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[33,137979,41296],{},[376,137981,137983],{"id":137982},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[26,137985,137987],{"className":28,"code":137986,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,137988,137989,138002,138036,138040],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,137990,137991,137993,137995,137997,138000],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,137992,34722],{"class":42},[36,137994,47],{"class":46},[36,137996,99],{"class":87},[36,137998,137999],{"class":91},"cat cat cat",[36,138001,3403],{"class":87},[36,138003,138004,138006,138008,138010,138012,138014,138016,138018,138020,138022,138024,138026,138028,138030,138032,138034],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,138005,2280],{"class":42},[36,138007,47],{"class":46},[36,138009,42879],{"class":42},[36,138011,303],{"class":50},[36,138013,35034],{"class":148},[36,138015,145],{"class":50},[36,138017,88],{"class":87},[36,138019,37082],{"class":91},[36,138021,88],{"class":87},[36,138023,58],{"class":50},[36,138025,99],{"class":87},[36,138027,58165],{"class":91},[36,138029,88],{"class":87},[36,138031,58],{"class":50},[36,138033,1340],{"class":54},[36,138035,152],{"class":50},[36,138037,138038],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,138039,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,138041,138042,138044,138046,138048],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,138043,142],{"class":141},[36,138045,145],{"class":50},[36,138047,2315],{"class":148},[36,138049,152],{"class":50},[14,138051,182],{},[26,138053,138055],{"className":28,"code":138054,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"dog cat cat\n",[33,138056,138057],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,138058,138059],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,138060,138054],{"class":42},[376,138062,138064],{"id":138063},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[26,138066,138068],{"className":28,"code":138067,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,138069,138070,138082,138116,138120],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,138071,138072,138074,138076,138078,138080],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,138073,34722],{"class":42},[36,138075,47],{"class":46},[36,138077,99],{"class":87},[36,138079,137999],{"class":91},[36,138081,3403],{"class":87},[36,138083,138084,138086,138088,138090,138092,138094,138096,138098,138100,138102,138104,138106,138108,138110,138112,138114],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,138085,2280],{"class":42},[36,138087,47],{"class":46},[36,138089,42879],{"class":42},[36,138091,303],{"class":50},[36,138093,35034],{"class":148},[36,138095,145],{"class":50},[36,138097,88],{"class":87},[36,138099,37082],{"class":91},[36,138101,88],{"class":87},[36,138103,58],{"class":50},[36,138105,99],{"class":87},[36,138107,58165],{"class":91},[36,138109,88],{"class":87},[36,138111,58],{"class":50},[36,138113,61],{"class":54},[36,138115,152],{"class":50},[36,138117,138118],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,138119,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,138121,138122,138124,138126,138128],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,138123,142],{"class":141},[36,138125,145],{"class":50},[36,138127,2315],{"class":148},[36,138129,152],{"class":50},[14,138131,182],{},[26,138133,138135],{"className":28,"code":138134,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"dog dog cat\n",[33,138136,138137],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,138138,138139],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,138140,138134],{"class":42},[14,138142,138143],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[14,138145,138146,138147,303],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[294,138148,127927],{"href":124371},[21,138150,138152],{"id":138151},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[14,138154,138155,138157],{},[33,138156,124374],{}," can also change single characters.",[376,138159,138161],{"id":138160},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[26,138163,138165],{"className":28,"code":138164,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,138166,138167,138179,138209,138213],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,138168,138169,138171,138173,138175,138177],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,138170,34722],{"class":42},[36,138172,47],{"class":46},[36,138174,99],{"class":87},[36,138176,102],{"class":91},[36,138178,3403],{"class":87},[36,138180,138181,138183,138185,138187,138189,138191,138193,138195,138197,138199,138201,138203,138205,138207],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,138182,2280],{"class":42},[36,138184,47],{"class":46},[36,138186,42879],{"class":42},[36,138188,303],{"class":50},[36,138190,35034],{"class":148},[36,138192,145],{"class":50},[36,138194,88],{"class":87},[36,138196,294],{"class":91},[36,138198,88],{"class":87},[36,138200,58],{"class":50},[36,138202,99],{"class":87},[36,138204,768],{"class":91},[36,138206,88],{"class":87},[36,138208,152],{"class":50},[36,138210,138211],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,138212,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,138214,138215,138217,138219,138221],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,138216,142],{"class":141},[36,138218,145],{"class":50},[36,138220,2315],{"class":148},[36,138222,152],{"class":50},[14,138224,182],{},[26,138226,138228],{"className":28,"code":138227,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"bonono\n",[33,138229,138230],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,138231,138232],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,138233,138227],{"class":42},[376,138235,138237],{"id":138236},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[14,138239,138240],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[26,138242,138244],{"className":28,"code":138243,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,138245,138246,138259,138283,138287],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,138247,138248,138250,138252,138254,138257],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,138249,34722],{"class":42},[36,138251,47],{"class":46},[36,138253,99],{"class":87},[36,138255,138256],{"class":91},"a b c",[36,138258,3403],{"class":87},[36,138260,138261,138263,138265,138267,138269,138271,138273,138275,138277,138279,138281],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,138262,2280],{"class":42},[36,138264,47],{"class":46},[36,138266,42879],{"class":42},[36,138268,303],{"class":50},[36,138270,35034],{"class":148},[36,138272,145],{"class":50},[36,138274,88],{"class":87},[36,138276,99],{"class":87},[36,138278,58],{"class":50},[36,138280,6166],{"class":87},[36,138282,152],{"class":50},[36,138284,138285],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,138286,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,138288,138289,138291,138293,138295],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,138290,142],{"class":141},[36,138292,145],{"class":50},[36,138294,2315],{"class":148},[36,138296,152],{"class":50},[14,138298,182],{},[26,138300,138302],{"className":28,"code":138301,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"abc\n",[33,138303,138304],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,138305,138306],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,138307,138301],{"class":42},[14,138309,138310],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[14,138312,138313,138314,138318,138319,138323],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[294,138315,126203,138316,1939],{"href":128890},[33,138317,60566],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[294,138320,126203,138321,1939],{"href":136773},[33,138322,41690],{}," is often a better choice.",[21,138325,123850],{"id":123849},[14,138327,138328,123661],{},[33,138329,124374],{},[14,138331,127248,138332,482,138334,127255],{},[33,138333,112887],{},[33,138335,138336],{},"\"Cat\"",[26,138338,138340],{"className":28,"code":138339,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,138341,138342,138355,138385,138389],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,138343,138344,138346,138348,138350,138353],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,138345,34722],{"class":42},[36,138347,47],{"class":46},[36,138349,99],{"class":87},[36,138351,138352],{"class":91},"Cat cat CAT",[36,138354,3403],{"class":87},[36,138356,138357,138359,138361,138363,138365,138367,138369,138371,138373,138375,138377,138379,138381,138383],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,138358,2280],{"class":42},[36,138360,47],{"class":46},[36,138362,42879],{"class":42},[36,138364,303],{"class":50},[36,138366,35034],{"class":148},[36,138368,145],{"class":50},[36,138370,88],{"class":87},[36,138372,37082],{"class":91},[36,138374,88],{"class":87},[36,138376,58],{"class":50},[36,138378,99],{"class":87},[36,138380,58165],{"class":91},[36,138382,88],{"class":87},[36,138384,152],{"class":50},[36,138386,138387],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,138388,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,138390,138391,138393,138395,138397],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,138392,142],{"class":141},[36,138394,145],{"class":50},[36,138396,2315],{"class":148},[36,138398,152],{"class":50},[14,138400,182],{},[26,138402,138404],{"className":28,"code":138403,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Cat dog CAT\n",[33,138405,138406],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,138407,138408,138411],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,138409,138410],{"class":42},"Cat dog ",[36,138412,138413],{"class":34487},"CAT\n",[14,138415,138416,138417,138419],{},"Only the lowercase ",[33,138418,112887],{}," was replaced.",[14,138421,138422],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[14,138424,138425,138426,303],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[294,138427,126203,138428,1939],{"href":123930},[33,138429,123933],{},[21,138431,3720,138433,11736],{"id":138432},"what-replace-returns",[33,138434,124374],{},[14,138436,138437,138439],{},[33,138438,124374],{}," returns a new string.",[14,138441,138442],{},"If no match is found:",[246,138444,138445,138448],{},[249,138446,138447],{},"no error happens",[249,138449,138450],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[14,138452,2257],{},[26,138454,138456],{"className":28,"code":138455,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,138457,138458,138470,138500,138504],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,138459,138460,138462,138464,138466,138468],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,138461,34722],{"class":42},[36,138463,47],{"class":46},[36,138465,99],{"class":87},[36,138467,708],{"class":91},[36,138469,3403],{"class":87},[36,138471,138472,138474,138476,138478,138480,138482,138484,138486,138488,138490,138492,138494,138496,138498],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,138473,2280],{"class":42},[36,138475,47],{"class":46},[36,138477,42879],{"class":42},[36,138479,303],{"class":50},[36,138481,35034],{"class":148},[36,138483,145],{"class":50},[36,138485,88],{"class":87},[36,138487,2222],{"class":91},[36,138489,88],{"class":87},[36,138491,58],{"class":50},[36,138493,99],{"class":87},[36,138495,11775],{"class":91},[36,138497,88],{"class":87},[36,138499,152],{"class":50},[36,138501,138502],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,138503,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,138505,138506,138508,138510,138512],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,138507,142],{"class":141},[36,138509,145],{"class":50},[36,138511,2315],{"class":148},[36,138513,152],{"class":50},[14,138515,182],{},[26,138517,138519],{"className":28,"code":138518,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"hello\n",[33,138520,138521],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,138522,138523],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,138524,138518],{"class":42},[14,138526,138527],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[26,138529,138531],{"className":28,"code":138530,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[33,138532,138533,138545],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,138534,138535,138537,138539,138541,138543],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,138536,34722],{"class":42},[36,138538,47],{"class":46},[36,138540,99],{"class":87},[36,138542,60445],{"class":91},[36,138544,3403],{"class":87},[36,138546,138547,138549,138551,138553,138555,138557,138559,138561,138563,138565,138567,138569,138571,138573],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,138548,130042],{"class":42},[36,138550,47],{"class":46},[36,138552,42879],{"class":42},[36,138554,303],{"class":50},[36,138556,35034],{"class":148},[36,138558,145],{"class":50},[36,138560,88],{"class":87},[36,138562,60626],{"class":91},[36,138564,88],{"class":87},[36,138566,58],{"class":50},[36,138568,99],{"class":87},[36,138570,7336],{"class":91},[36,138572,88],{"class":87},[36,138574,152],{"class":50},[14,138576,138577],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[26,138579,138581],{"className":28,"code":138580,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[33,138582,138583,138595],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,138584,138585,138587,138589,138591,138593],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,138586,34722],{"class":42},[36,138588,47],{"class":46},[36,138590,99],{"class":87},[36,138592,60445],{"class":91},[36,138594,3403],{"class":87},[36,138596,138597,138599,138601,138603,138605,138607,138609,138611,138613,138615,138617,138619,138621,138623],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,138598,34722],{"class":42},[36,138600,47],{"class":46},[36,138602,42879],{"class":42},[36,138604,303],{"class":50},[36,138606,35034],{"class":148},[36,138608,145],{"class":50},[36,138610,88],{"class":87},[36,138612,60626],{"class":91},[36,138614,88],{"class":87},[36,138616,58],{"class":50},[36,138618,99],{"class":87},[36,138620,7336],{"class":91},[36,138622,88],{"class":87},[36,138624,152],{"class":50},[21,138626,4557],{"id":4556},[14,138628,138629,138630,1213],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[33,138631,124374],{},[246,138633,138634,138637,138641,138644],{},[249,138635,138636],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[249,138638,8489,138639,131423],{},[33,138640,124374],{},[249,138642,138643],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[249,138645,37239,138646,138648],{},[33,138647,124374],{}," with regex-based replacements",[376,138650,138652,138653,138655],{"id":138651},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[33,138654,124374],{}," without assigning the result",[14,138657,138658,138659,1213],{},"This does not update ",[33,138660,34743],{},[26,138662,138664],{"className":28,"code":138663,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[33,138665,138666,138678,138704],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,138667,138668,138670,138672,138674,138676],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,138669,34722],{"class":42},[36,138671,47],{"class":46},[36,138673,99],{"class":87},[36,138675,137689],{"class":91},[36,138677,3403],{"class":87},[36,138679,138680,138682,138684,138686,138688,138690,138692,138694,138696,138698,138700,138702],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,138681,34743],{"class":42},[36,138683,303],{"class":50},[36,138685,35034],{"class":148},[36,138687,145],{"class":50},[36,138689,88],{"class":87},[36,138691,137710],{"class":91},[36,138693,88],{"class":87},[36,138695,58],{"class":50},[36,138697,99],{"class":87},[36,138699,137719],{"class":91},[36,138701,88],{"class":87},[36,138703,152],{"class":50},[36,138705,138706,138708,138710,138712],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,138707,142],{"class":141},[36,138709,145],{"class":50},[36,138711,34743],{"class":148},[36,138713,152],{"class":50},[14,138715,182],{},[26,138717,138718],{"className":28,"code":137937,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,138719,138720],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,138721,138722],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,138723,137937],{"class":42},[14,138725,10837],{},[26,138727,138729],{"className":28,"code":138728,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[33,138730,138731,138743,138773],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,138732,138733,138735,138737,138739,138741],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,138734,34722],{"class":42},[36,138736,47],{"class":46},[36,138738,99],{"class":87},[36,138740,137689],{"class":91},[36,138742,3403],{"class":87},[36,138744,138745,138747,138749,138751,138753,138755,138757,138759,138761,138763,138765,138767,138769,138771],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,138746,34722],{"class":42},[36,138748,47],{"class":46},[36,138750,42879],{"class":42},[36,138752,303],{"class":50},[36,138754,35034],{"class":148},[36,138756,145],{"class":50},[36,138758,88],{"class":87},[36,138760,137710],{"class":91},[36,138762,88],{"class":87},[36,138764,58],{"class":50},[36,138766,99],{"class":87},[36,138768,137719],{"class":91},[36,138770,88],{"class":87},[36,138772,152],{"class":50},[36,138774,138775,138777,138779,138781],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,138776,142],{"class":141},[36,138778,145],{"class":50},[36,138780,34743],{"class":148},[36,138782,152],{"class":50},[14,138784,182],{},[26,138786,138787],{"className":28,"code":137738,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,138788,138789],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,138790,138791],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,138792,137738],{"class":42},[376,138794,138796],{"id":138795},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[26,138798,138800],{"className":28,"code":138799,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[33,138801,138802,138814],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,138803,138804,138806,138808,138810,138812],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,138805,34722],{"class":42},[36,138807,47],{"class":46},[36,138809,99],{"class":87},[36,138811,34902],{"class":91},[36,138813,3403],{"class":87},[36,138815,138816,138818,138820,138822,138824,138826,138828,138830,138832,138834,138836,138838,138840,138842],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,138817,142],{"class":141},[36,138819,145],{"class":50},[36,138821,34743],{"class":148},[36,138823,303],{"class":50},[36,138825,35034],{"class":148},[36,138827,145],{"class":50},[36,138829,88],{"class":87},[36,138831,708],{"class":91},[36,138833,88],{"class":87},[36,138835,58],{"class":50},[36,138837,99],{"class":87},[36,138839,89970],{"class":91},[36,138841,88],{"class":87},[36,138843,445],{"class":50},[14,138845,182],{},[26,138847,138848],{"className":28,"code":88983,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,138849,138850],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,138851,138852],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,138853,88983],{"class":42},[14,138855,138856,138857,482,138859,138861],{},"Nothing changed because ",[33,138858,64570],{},[33,138860,90452],{}," are not the same.",[376,138863,138865],{"id":138864},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[26,138867,138869],{"className":28,"code":138868,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[33,138870,138871,138884],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,138872,138873,138875,138877,138879,138882],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,138874,34722],{"class":42},[36,138876,47],{"class":46},[36,138878,99],{"class":87},[36,138880,138881],{"class":91},"red red red",[36,138883,3403],{"class":87},[36,138885,138886,138888,138890,138892,138894,138896,138898,138900,138902,138904,138906,138908,138910,138912],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,138887,142],{"class":141},[36,138889,145],{"class":50},[36,138891,34743],{"class":148},[36,138893,303],{"class":50},[36,138895,35034],{"class":148},[36,138897,145],{"class":50},[36,138899,88],{"class":87},[36,138901,13125],{"class":91},[36,138903,88],{"class":87},[36,138905,58],{"class":50},[36,138907,99],{"class":87},[36,138909,13142],{"class":91},[36,138911,88],{"class":87},[36,138913,445],{"class":50},[14,138915,182],{},[26,138917,138919],{"className":28,"code":138918,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"blue blue blue\n",[33,138920,138921],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,138922,138923],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,138924,138918],{"class":42},[14,138926,138927,138928,1213],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[33,138929,41296],{},[26,138931,138933],{"className":28,"code":138932,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[33,138934,138935,138947],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,138936,138937,138939,138941,138943,138945],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,138938,34722],{"class":42},[36,138940,47],{"class":46},[36,138942,99],{"class":87},[36,138944,138881],{"class":91},[36,138946,3403],{"class":87},[36,138948,138949,138951,138953,138955,138957,138959,138961,138963,138965,138967,138969,138971,138973,138975,138977,138979],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,138950,142],{"class":141},[36,138952,145],{"class":50},[36,138954,34743],{"class":148},[36,138956,303],{"class":50},[36,138958,35034],{"class":148},[36,138960,145],{"class":50},[36,138962,88],{"class":87},[36,138964,13125],{"class":91},[36,138966,88],{"class":87},[36,138968,58],{"class":50},[36,138970,99],{"class":87},[36,138972,13142],{"class":91},[36,138974,88],{"class":87},[36,138976,58],{"class":50},[36,138978,1340],{"class":54},[36,138980,445],{"class":50},[14,138982,182],{},[26,138984,138986],{"className":28,"code":138985,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"blue red red\n",[33,138987,138988],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,138989,138990],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,138991,138985],{"class":42},[376,138993,138995,138996,138998],{"id":138994},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[33,138997,124374],{}," for the wrong task",[14,139000,139001],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[246,139003,139004,139011,139018],{},[249,139005,495,139006,139010],{},[294,139007,139008],{"href":128890},[33,139009,60566],{}," to break a string into a list",[249,139012,495,139013,139017],{},[294,139014,139015],{"href":136773},[33,139016,41690],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[249,139019,495,139020,139022],{},[33,139021,124374],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[21,139024,1872],{"id":1871},[376,139026,12735,139028,124530],{"id":139027},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[33,139029,124374],{},[14,139031,139032],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[376,139034,139036],{"id":139035},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[14,139038,139039],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[376,139041,139043],{"id":139042},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[14,139045,139046],{},"Use the third argument:",[26,139048,139050],{"className":28,"code":139049,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[33,139051,139052],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,139053,139054,139056,139058,139060,139062,139064,139066,139068,139070,139072],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,139055,34743],{"class":42},[36,139057,303],{"class":50},[36,139059,35034],{"class":148},[36,139061,145],{"class":50},[36,139063,137800],{"class":148},[36,139065,58],{"class":50},[36,139067,137805],{"class":148},[36,139069,58],{"class":50},[36,139071,1340],{"class":54},[36,139073,152],{"class":50},[376,139075,5210,139077,139079],{"id":139076},"can-replace-remove-text",[33,139078,124374],{}," remove text?",[14,139081,139082],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[26,139084,139086],{"className":28,"code":139085,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[33,139087,139088],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,139089,139090,139092,139094,139096,139098,139100,139102,139104,139106,139108],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,139091,34743],{"class":42},[36,139093,303],{"class":50},[36,139095,35034],{"class":148},[36,139097,145],{"class":50},[36,139099,88],{"class":87},[36,139101,2222],{"class":91},[36,139103,88],{"class":87},[36,139105,58],{"class":50},[36,139107,6166],{"class":87},[36,139109,152],{"class":50},[376,139111,14936,139113,124539],{"id":139112},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[33,139114,124374],{},[14,139116,129732],{},[21,139118,1923],{"id":1922},[246,139120,139121,139125,139131,139137,139143],{},[249,139122,139123],{},[294,139124,124609],{"href":124371},[249,139126,139127],{},[294,139128,126203,139129,1939],{"href":128890},[33,139130,60566],{},[249,139132,139133],{},[294,139134,126203,139135,1939],{"href":136773},[33,139136,41690],{},[249,139138,139139],{},[294,139140,126203,139141,1939],{"href":123930},[33,139142,123933],{},[249,139144,139145],{},[294,139146,124958],{"href":51014},[1962,139148,139149],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":139151},[139152,139153,139155,139158,139159,139163,139167,139168,139170,139178,139188],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":137753,"depth":72,"text":139154},"What replace() does",{"id":5471,"depth":72,"text":5472,"children":139156},[139157],{"id":17424,"depth":118,"text":17425},{"id":5825,"depth":72,"text":5826},{"id":137968,"depth":72,"text":137969,"children":139160},[139161,139162],{"id":137982,"depth":118,"text":137983},{"id":138063,"depth":118,"text":138064},{"id":138151,"depth":72,"text":138152,"children":139164},[139165,139166],{"id":138160,"depth":118,"text":138161},{"id":138236,"depth":118,"text":138237},{"id":123849,"depth":72,"text":123850},{"id":138432,"depth":72,"text":139169},"What replace() returns",{"id":4556,"depth":72,"text":4557,"children":139171},[139172,139174,139175,139176],{"id":138651,"depth":118,"text":139173},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138795,"depth":118,"text":138796},{"id":138864,"depth":118,"text":138865},{"id":138994,"depth":118,"text":139177},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":139179},[139180,139182,139183,139184,139186],{"id":139027,"depth":118,"text":139181},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139035,"depth":118,"text":139036},{"id":139042,"depth":118,"text":139043},{"id":139076,"depth":118,"text":139185},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139112,"depth":118,"text":139187},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137638,"description":139189},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139196,"title":139197,"body":139198,"description":141217,"extension":2009,"meta":141218,"navigation":134,"path":141219,"seo":141220,"stem":141221,"__hash__":141222},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139199,"toc":141181},[139200,139205,139210,139213,139224,139226,139281,139286,139291,139298,139300,139315,139317,139373,139375,139413,139418,139420,139444,139447,139460,139465,139467,139499,139501,139534,139540,139545,139548,139558,139561,139563,139619,139621,139671,139674,139682,139685,139741,139743,139816,139829,139837,139841,139852,139855,139858,139911,139913,139945,139948,140002,140004,140039,140042,140047,140052,140057,140060,140062,140120,140122,140156,140158,140173,140176,140178,140220,140222,140248,140253,140261,140264,140266,140348,140350,140401,140404,140415,140423,140425,140498,140500,140518,140522,140525,140529,140556,140558,140566,140570,140605,140607,140620,140624,140627,140666,140668,140685,140690,140695,140706,140709,140720,140722,140724,140750,140753,140802,140804,140821,140824,140826,140878,140880,140912,140915,140973,140978,140980,140985,141088,141090,141104,141106,141113,141118,141123,141128,141133,141138,141141,141145,141150,141152,141178],[10,139201,123203,139203,11352],{"id":139202},"python-string-split-method",[33,139204,60566],{},[14,139206,123208,139207,139209],{},[33,139208,60566],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[14,139211,139212],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[246,139214,139215,139218,139221],{},[249,139216,139217],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[249,139219,139220],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[249,139222,139223],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[21,139225,2051],{"id":2050},[26,139227,139229],{"className":28,"code":139228,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[33,139230,139231,139244,139266,139276],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,139232,139233,139235,139237,139239,139242],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,139234,34722],{"class":42},[36,139236,47],{"class":46},[36,139238,99],{"class":87},[36,139240,139241],{"class":91},"apple,banana,cherry",[36,139243,3403],{"class":87},[36,139245,139246,139248,139250,139252,139254,139256,139258,139260,139262,139264],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,139247,42874],{"class":42},[36,139249,47],{"class":46},[36,139251,42879],{"class":42},[36,139253,303],{"class":50},[36,139255,34503],{"class":148},[36,139257,145],{"class":50},[36,139259,88],{"class":87},[36,139261,58],{"class":91},[36,139263,88],{"class":87},[36,139265,152],{"class":50},[36,139267,139268,139270,139272,139274],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,139269,142],{"class":141},[36,139271,145],{"class":50},[36,139273,42906],{"class":148},[36,139275,152],{"class":50},[36,139277,139278],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,139279,139280],{"class":1617},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[14,139282,495,139283,139285],{},[33,139284,60566],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[21,139287,3720,139289,3723],{"id":139288},"what-split-does",[33,139290,60566],{},[14,139292,139293,132251,139295,303],{},[33,139294,60566],{},[180,139296,139297],{},"string method",[14,139299,48965],{},[246,139301,139302,139305,139310],{},[249,139303,139304],{},"divides a string into parts",[249,139306,119505,139307],{},[180,139308,139309],{},"new list of strings",[249,139311,119511,139312,139314],{},[180,139313,870],{}," change the original string",[14,139316,2257],{},[26,139318,139320],{"className":28,"code":139319,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[33,139321,139322,139335,139349,139353,139363],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,139323,139324,139326,139328,139330,139333],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,139325,34722],{"class":42},[36,139327,47],{"class":46},[36,139329,99],{"class":87},[36,139331,139332],{"class":91},"red blue green",[36,139334,3403],{"class":87},[36,139336,139337,139339,139341,139343,139345,139347],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,139338,42874],{"class":42},[36,139340,47],{"class":46},[36,139342,42879],{"class":42},[36,139344,303],{"class":50},[36,139346,34503],{"class":148},[36,139348,128],{"class":50},[36,139350,139351],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,139352,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,139354,139355,139357,139359,139361],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,139356,142],{"class":141},[36,139358,145],{"class":50},[36,139360,34743],{"class":148},[36,139362,152],{"class":50},[36,139364,139365,139367,139369,139371],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,139366,142],{"class":141},[36,139368,145],{"class":50},[36,139370,42906],{"class":148},[36,139372,152],{"class":50},[14,139374,182],{},[26,139376,139378],{"className":28,"code":139377,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[33,139379,139380,139385],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,139381,139382],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,139383,139384],{"class":42},"red blue green\n",[36,139386,139387,139389,139391,139393,139395,139397,139399,139401,139403,139405,139407,139409,139411],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,139388,3941],{"class":50},[36,139390,211],{"class":87},[36,139392,13125],{"class":91},[36,139394,211],{"class":87},[36,139396,58],{"class":50},[36,139398,220],{"class":87},[36,139400,13142],{"class":91},[36,139402,211],{"class":87},[36,139404,58],{"class":50},[36,139406,220],{"class":87},[36,139408,17486],{"class":91},[36,139410,211],{"class":87},[36,139412,1355],{"class":50},[14,139414,139415,139416,303],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[294,139417,124958],{"href":51014},[21,139419,2205],{"id":2204},[26,139421,139423],{"className":28,"code":139422,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[33,139424,139425],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,139426,139427,139429,139431,139433,139435,139437,139439,139442],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,139428,61209],{"class":42},[36,139430,303],{"class":50},[36,139432,34503],{"class":148},[36,139434,145],{"class":50},[36,139436,133607],{"class":148},[36,139438,58],{"class":50},[36,139440,139441],{"class":148}," maxsplit",[36,139443,152],{"class":50},[14,139445,139446],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[246,139448,139449,139454],{},[249,139450,139451,139453],{},[33,139452,133607],{}," tells Python where to split",[249,139455,139456,139459],{},[33,139457,139458],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[14,139461,8909,139462,139464],{},[33,139463,133607],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139466,2257],{},[26,139468,139470],{"className":28,"code":139469,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[33,139471,139472,139485],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,139473,139474,139476,139478,139480,139483],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,139475,34722],{"class":42},[36,139477,47],{"class":46},[36,139479,99],{"class":87},[36,139481,139482],{"class":91},"one two three",[36,139484,3403],{"class":87},[36,139486,139487,139489,139491,139493,139495,139497],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,139488,142],{"class":141},[36,139490,145],{"class":50},[36,139492,34743],{"class":148},[36,139494,303],{"class":50},[36,139496,34503],{"class":148},[36,139498,1847],{"class":50},[14,139500,182],{},[26,139502,139504],{"className":28,"code":139503,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[33,139505,139506],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,139507,139508,139510,139512,139514,139516,139518,139520,139522,139524,139526,139528,139530,139532],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,139509,3941],{"class":50},[36,139511,211],{"class":87},[36,139513,6625],{"class":91},[36,139515,211],{"class":87},[36,139517,58],{"class":50},[36,139519,220],{"class":87},[36,139521,79305],{"class":91},[36,139523,211],{"class":87},[36,139525,58],{"class":50},[36,139527,220],{"class":87},[36,139529,134089],{"class":91},[36,139531,211],{"class":87},[36,139533,1355],{"class":50},[21,139535,1462,139537,139539],{"id":139536},"using-split-with-no-separator",[33,139538,60566],{}," with no separator",[14,139541,70210,139542,139544],{},[33,139543,60566],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139546,139547],{},"Whitespace includes:",[246,139549,139550,139552,139555],{},[249,139551,10482],{},[249,139553,139554],{},"tabs",[249,139556,139557],{},"new lines",[14,139559,139560],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[14,139562,2257],{},[26,139564,139566],{"className":28,"code":139565,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[33,139567,139568,139591,139605,139609],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,139569,139570,139572,139574,139576,139579,139582,139584,139586,139589],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,139571,34722],{"class":42},[36,139573,47],{"class":46},[36,139575,99],{"class":87},[36,139577,139578],{"class":91},"Python   is",[36,139580,139581],{"class":34487},"\\t",[36,139583,133343],{"class":91},[36,139585,87187],{"class":34487},[36,139587,139588],{"class":91},"and useful",[36,139590,3403],{"class":87},[36,139592,139593,139595,139597,139599,139601,139603],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,139594,42874],{"class":42},[36,139596,47],{"class":46},[36,139598,42879],{"class":42},[36,139600,303],{"class":50},[36,139602,34503],{"class":148},[36,139604,128],{"class":50},[36,139606,139607],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,139608,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,139610,139611,139613,139615,139617],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,139612,142],{"class":141},[36,139614,145],{"class":50},[36,139616,42906],{"class":148},[36,139618,152],{"class":50},[14,139620,182],{},[26,139622,139624],{"className":28,"code":139623,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[33,139625,139626],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,139627,139628,139630,139632,139634,139636,139638,139640,139642,139644,139646,139648,139650,139652,139654,139656,139658,139660,139662,139664,139667,139669],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,139629,3941],{"class":50},[36,139631,211],{"class":87},[36,139633,7336],{"class":91},[36,139635,211],{"class":87},[36,139637,58],{"class":50},[36,139639,220],{"class":87},[36,139641,12224],{"class":91},[36,139643,211],{"class":87},[36,139645,58],{"class":50},[36,139647,220],{"class":87},[36,139649,133343],{"class":91},[36,139651,211],{"class":87},[36,139653,58],{"class":50},[36,139655,220],{"class":87},[36,139657,129968],{"class":91},[36,139659,211],{"class":87},[36,139661,58],{"class":50},[36,139663,220],{"class":87},[36,139665,139666],{"class":91},"useful",[36,139668,211],{"class":87},[36,139670,1355],{"class":50},[14,139672,139673],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[376,139675,139677,10615,139679],{"id":139676},"split-vs-split",[33,139678,60566],{},[33,139680,139681],{},"split(' ')",[14,139683,139684],{},"These are not the same.",[26,139686,139688],{"className":28,"code":139687,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[33,139689,139690,139703,139707,139721],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,139691,139692,139694,139696,139698,139701],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,139693,34722],{"class":42},[36,139695,47],{"class":46},[36,139697,99],{"class":87},[36,139699,139700],{"class":91},"a  b   c",[36,139702,3403],{"class":87},[36,139704,139705],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,139706,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,139708,139709,139711,139713,139715,139717,139719],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,139710,142],{"class":141},[36,139712,145],{"class":50},[36,139714,34743],{"class":148},[36,139716,303],{"class":50},[36,139718,34503],{"class":148},[36,139720,1847],{"class":50},[36,139722,139723,139725,139727,139729,139731,139733,139735,139737,139739],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,139724,142],{"class":141},[36,139726,145],{"class":50},[36,139728,34743],{"class":148},[36,139730,303],{"class":50},[36,139732,34503],{"class":148},[36,139734,145],{"class":50},[36,139736,88],{"class":87},[36,139738,99],{"class":87},[36,139740,445],{"class":50},[14,139742,182],{},[26,139744,139746],{"className":28,"code":139745,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[33,139747,139748,139776],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,139749,139750,139752,139754,139756,139758,139760,139762,139764,139766,139768,139770,139772,139774],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,139751,3941],{"class":50},[36,139753,211],{"class":87},[36,139755,294],{"class":91},[36,139757,211],{"class":87},[36,139759,58],{"class":50},[36,139761,220],{"class":87},[36,139763,1707],{"class":91},[36,139765,211],{"class":87},[36,139767,58],{"class":50},[36,139769,220],{"class":87},[36,139771,9770],{"class":91},[36,139773,211],{"class":87},[36,139775,1355],{"class":50},[36,139777,139778,139780,139782,139784,139786,139788,139790,139792,139794,139796,139798,139800,139802,139804,139806,139808,139810,139812,139814],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,139779,3941],{"class":50},[36,139781,211],{"class":87},[36,139783,294],{"class":91},[36,139785,211],{"class":87},[36,139787,58],{"class":50},[36,139789,3880],{"class":87},[36,139791,58],{"class":50},[36,139793,220],{"class":87},[36,139795,1707],{"class":91},[36,139797,211],{"class":87},[36,139799,58],{"class":50},[36,139801,3880],{"class":87},[36,139803,58],{"class":50},[36,139805,3880],{"class":87},[36,139807,58],{"class":50},[36,139809,220],{"class":87},[36,139811,9770],{"class":91},[36,139813,211],{"class":87},[36,139815,1355],{"class":50},[246,139817,139818,139823],{},[249,139819,139820,139822],{},[33,139821,60566],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[249,139824,139825,139828],{},[33,139826,139827],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[14,139830,139831,139832,139836],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[294,139833,126203,139834,1939],{"href":136773},[33,139835,41690],{}," is often useful.",[21,139838,139840],{"id":139839},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[14,139842,139843,139844,2238,139847,2242,139849,303],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[33,139845,139846],{},"\",\"",[33,139848,133442],{},[33,139850,139851],{},"\"::\"",[14,139853,139854],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[14,139856,139857],{},"Example with commas:",[26,139859,139861],{"className":28,"code":139860,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[33,139862,139863,139875,139897,139901],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,139864,139865,139867,139869,139871,139873],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,139866,34722],{"class":42},[36,139868,47],{"class":46},[36,139870,99],{"class":87},[36,139872,139241],{"class":91},[36,139874,3403],{"class":87},[36,139876,139877,139879,139881,139883,139885,139887,139889,139891,139893,139895],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,139878,42874],{"class":42},[36,139880,47],{"class":46},[36,139882,42879],{"class":42},[36,139884,303],{"class":50},[36,139886,34503],{"class":148},[36,139888,145],{"class":50},[36,139890,88],{"class":87},[36,139892,58],{"class":91},[36,139894,88],{"class":87},[36,139896,152],{"class":50},[36,139898,139899],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,139900,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,139902,139903,139905,139907,139909],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,139904,142],{"class":141},[36,139906,145],{"class":50},[36,139908,42906],{"class":148},[36,139910,152],{"class":50},[14,139912,182],{},[26,139914,139915],{"className":28,"code":78484,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,139916,139917],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,139918,139919,139921,139923,139925,139927,139929,139931,139933,139935,139937,139939,139941,139943],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,139920,3941],{"class":50},[36,139922,211],{"class":87},[36,139924,92],{"class":91},[36,139926,211],{"class":87},[36,139928,58],{"class":50},[36,139930,220],{"class":87},[36,139932,102],{"class":91},[36,139934,211],{"class":87},[36,139936,58],{"class":50},[36,139938,220],{"class":87},[36,139940,4135],{"class":91},[36,139942,211],{"class":87},[36,139944,1355],{"class":50},[14,139946,139947],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[26,139949,139951],{"className":28,"code":139950,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[33,139952,139953,139966,139988,139992],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,139954,139955,139957,139959,139961,139964],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,139956,34722],{"class":42},[36,139958,47],{"class":46},[36,139960,99],{"class":87},[36,139962,139963],{"class":91},"2024::10::31",[36,139965,3403],{"class":87},[36,139967,139968,139970,139972,139974,139976,139978,139980,139982,139984,139986],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,139969,42874],{"class":42},[36,139971,47],{"class":46},[36,139973,42879],{"class":42},[36,139975,303],{"class":50},[36,139977,34503],{"class":148},[36,139979,145],{"class":50},[36,139981,88],{"class":87},[36,139983,76701],{"class":91},[36,139985,88],{"class":87},[36,139987,152],{"class":50},[36,139989,139990],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,139991,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,139993,139994,139996,139998,140000],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,139995,142],{"class":141},[36,139997,145],{"class":50},[36,139999,42906],{"class":148},[36,140001,152],{"class":50},[14,140003,182],{},[26,140005,140007],{"className":28,"code":140006,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[33,140008,140009],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,140010,140011,140013,140015,140018,140020,140022,140024,140026,140028,140030,140032,140035,140037],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,140012,3941],{"class":50},[36,140014,211],{"class":87},[36,140016,140017],{"class":91},"2024",[36,140019,211],{"class":87},[36,140021,58],{"class":50},[36,140023,220],{"class":87},[36,140025,631],{"class":91},[36,140027,211],{"class":87},[36,140029,58],{"class":50},[36,140031,220],{"class":87},[36,140033,140034],{"class":91},"31",[36,140036,211],{"class":87},[36,140038,1355],{"class":50},[14,140040,140041],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[14,140043,140044,140045,303],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[294,140046,128887],{"href":128886},[21,140048,1462,140050],{"id":140049},"using-maxsplit",[33,140051,139458],{},[14,140053,140054,140056],{},[33,140055,139458],{}," limits the number of splits.",[14,140058,140059],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[14,140061,2257],{},[26,140063,140065],{"className":28,"code":140064,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[33,140066,140067,140080,140106,140110],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,140068,140069,140071,140073,140075,140078],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,140070,34722],{"class":42},[36,140072,47],{"class":46},[36,140074,99],{"class":87},[36,140076,140077],{"class":91},"name:age:city:country",[36,140079,3403],{"class":87},[36,140081,140082,140084,140086,140088,140090,140092,140094,140096,140098,140100,140102,140104],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,140083,42874],{"class":42},[36,140085,47],{"class":46},[36,140087,42879],{"class":42},[36,140089,303],{"class":50},[36,140091,34503],{"class":148},[36,140093,145],{"class":50},[36,140095,88],{"class":87},[36,140097,1213],{"class":91},[36,140099,88],{"class":87},[36,140101,58],{"class":50},[36,140103,61],{"class":54},[36,140105,152],{"class":50},[36,140107,140108],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,140109,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,140111,140112,140114,140116,140118],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,140113,142],{"class":141},[36,140115,145],{"class":50},[36,140117,42906],{"class":148},[36,140119,152],{"class":50},[14,140121,182],{},[26,140123,140125],{"className":28,"code":140124,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[33,140126,140127],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,140128,140129,140131,140133,140135,140137,140139,140141,140143,140145,140147,140149,140152,140154],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,140130,3941],{"class":50},[36,140132,211],{"class":87},[36,140134,1250],{"class":91},[36,140136,211],{"class":87},[36,140138,58],{"class":50},[36,140140,220],{"class":87},[36,140142,9331],{"class":91},[36,140144,211],{"class":87},[36,140146,58],{"class":50},[36,140148,220],{"class":87},[36,140150,140151],{"class":91},"city:country",[36,140153,211],{"class":87},[36,140155,1355],{"class":50},[14,140157,2227],{},[246,140159,140160,140165,140170],{},[249,140161,140162,140163],{},"Python splits at the first ",[33,140164,1213],{},[249,140166,140167,140168],{},"then splits at the second ",[33,140169,1213],{},[249,140171,140172],{},"then stops",[14,140174,140175],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[14,140177,1231],{},[26,140179,140181],{"className":28,"code":140180,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[33,140182,140183,140196],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,140184,140185,140187,140189,140191,140194],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,140186,34722],{"class":42},[36,140188,47],{"class":46},[36,140190,99],{"class":87},[36,140192,140193],{"class":91},"apple banana cherry grape",[36,140195,3403],{"class":87},[36,140197,140198,140200,140202,140204,140206,140208,140210,140212,140214,140216,140218],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,140199,142],{"class":141},[36,140201,145],{"class":50},[36,140203,34743],{"class":148},[36,140205,303],{"class":50},[36,140207,34503],{"class":148},[36,140209,145],{"class":50},[36,140211,88],{"class":87},[36,140213,99],{"class":87},[36,140215,58],{"class":50},[36,140217,1340],{"class":54},[36,140219,445],{"class":50},[14,140221,182],{},[26,140223,140225],{"className":28,"code":140224,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[33,140226,140227],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,140228,140229,140231,140233,140235,140237,140239,140241,140244,140246],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,140230,3941],{"class":50},[36,140232,211],{"class":87},[36,140234,92],{"class":91},[36,140236,211],{"class":87},[36,140238,58],{"class":50},[36,140240,220],{"class":87},[36,140242,140243],{"class":91},"banana cherry grape",[36,140245,211],{"class":87},[36,140247,1355],{"class":50},[21,140249,3720,140251,11736],{"id":140250},"what-split-returns",[33,140252,60566],{},[14,140254,140255,140256,140258,140259,303],{},"The result of ",[33,140257,60566],{}," is always a ",[180,140260,1225],{},[14,140262,140263],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[14,140265,2257],{},[26,140267,140269],{"className":28,"code":140268,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[33,140270,140271,140284,140306,140310,140320,140334],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,140272,140273,140275,140277,140279,140282],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,140274,34722],{"class":42},[36,140276,47],{"class":46},[36,140278,99],{"class":87},[36,140280,140281],{"class":91},"cat,dog,bird",[36,140283,3403],{"class":87},[36,140285,140286,140288,140290,140292,140294,140296,140298,140300,140302,140304],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,140287,42874],{"class":42},[36,140289,47],{"class":46},[36,140291,42879],{"class":42},[36,140293,303],{"class":50},[36,140295,34503],{"class":148},[36,140297,145],{"class":50},[36,140299,88],{"class":87},[36,140301,58],{"class":91},[36,140303,88],{"class":87},[36,140305,152],{"class":50},[36,140307,140308],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,140309,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,140311,140312,140314,140316,140318],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,140313,142],{"class":141},[36,140315,145],{"class":50},[36,140317,42906],{"class":148},[36,140319,152],{"class":50},[36,140321,140322,140324,140326,140328,140330,140332],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,140323,142],{"class":141},[36,140325,145],{"class":50},[36,140327,818],{"class":80},[36,140329,145],{"class":50},[36,140331,42906],{"class":148},[36,140333,445],{"class":50},[36,140335,140336,140338,140340,140342,140344,140346],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,140337,142],{"class":141},[36,140339,145],{"class":50},[36,140341,42906],{"class":148},[36,140343,3941],{"class":50},[36,140345,2166],{"class":54},[36,140347,115],{"class":50},[14,140349,182],{},[26,140351,140353],{"className":28,"code":140352,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[33,140354,140355,140383,140397],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,140356,140357,140359,140361,140363,140365,140367,140369,140371,140373,140375,140377,140379,140381],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,140358,3941],{"class":50},[36,140360,211],{"class":87},[36,140362,37082],{"class":91},[36,140364,211],{"class":87},[36,140366,58],{"class":50},[36,140368,220],{"class":87},[36,140370,58165],{"class":91},[36,140372,211],{"class":87},[36,140374,58],{"class":50},[36,140376,220],{"class":87},[36,140378,58182],{"class":91},[36,140380,211],{"class":87},[36,140382,1355],{"class":50},[36,140384,140385,140387,140389,140391,140393,140395],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,140386,844],{"class":46},[36,140388,848],{"class":847},[36,140390,220],{"class":87},[36,140392,1225],{"class":91},[36,140394,211],{"class":87},[36,140396,857],{"class":46},[36,140398,140399],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,140400,85503],{"class":42},[14,140402,140403],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[246,140405,140406,140409,140412],{},[249,140407,140408],{},"loop over it",[249,140410,140411],{},"access items by index",[249,140413,140414],{},"combine items again later",[14,140416,140417,140418,303],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[294,140419,126203,140421,1939],{"href":140420},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[33,140422,133285],{},[14,140424,2257],{},[26,140426,140428],{"className":28,"code":140427,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[33,140429,140430,140462,140484,140488],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,140431,140432,140434,140436,140438,140440,140442,140444,140446,140448,140450,140452,140454,140456,140458,140460],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,140433,42874],{"class":42},[36,140435,47],{"class":46},[36,140437,1333],{"class":50},[36,140439,211],{"class":87},[36,140441,37082],{"class":91},[36,140443,211],{"class":87},[36,140445,58],{"class":50},[36,140447,220],{"class":87},[36,140449,58165],{"class":91},[36,140451,211],{"class":87},[36,140453,58],{"class":50},[36,140455,220],{"class":87},[36,140457,58182],{"class":91},[36,140459,211],{"class":87},[36,140461,1355],{"class":50},[36,140463,140464,140466,140468,140470,140472,140474,140476,140478,140480,140482],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,140465,34722],{"class":42},[36,140467,47],{"class":46},[36,140469,99],{"class":87},[36,140471,2070],{"class":91},[36,140473,88],{"class":87},[36,140475,303],{"class":50},[36,140477,133362],{"class":148},[36,140479,145],{"class":50},[36,140481,42906],{"class":148},[36,140483,152],{"class":50},[36,140485,140486],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,140487,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,140489,140490,140492,140494,140496],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,140491,142],{"class":141},[36,140493,145],{"class":50},[36,140495,34743],{"class":148},[36,140497,152],{"class":50},[14,140499,182],{},[26,140501,140503],{"className":28,"code":140502,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"cat-dog-bird\n",[33,140504,140505],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,140506,140507,140509,140511,140513,140515],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,140508,37082],{"class":42},[36,140510,2070],{"class":46},[36,140512,58165],{"class":42},[36,140514,2070],{"class":46},[36,140516,140517],{"class":42},"bird\n",[21,140519,140521],{"id":140520},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[14,140523,140524],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[376,140526,140528],{"id":140527},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[26,140530,140532],{"className":28,"code":140531,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[33,140533,140534,140542],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,140535,140536,140538,140540],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,140537,34722],{"class":42},[36,140539,47],{"class":46},[36,140541,7917],{"class":87},[36,140543,140544,140546,140548,140550,140552,140554],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,140545,142],{"class":141},[36,140547,145],{"class":50},[36,140549,34743],{"class":148},[36,140551,303],{"class":50},[36,140553,34503],{"class":148},[36,140555,1847],{"class":50},[14,140557,182],{},[26,140559,140560],{"className":28,"code":38333,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,140561,140562],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,140563,140564],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,140565,38333],{"class":50},[376,140567,140569],{"id":140568},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[26,140571,140573],{"className":28,"code":140572,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[33,140574,140575,140583],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,140576,140577,140579,140581],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,140578,34722],{"class":42},[36,140580,47],{"class":46},[36,140582,7917],{"class":87},[36,140584,140585,140587,140589,140591,140593,140595,140597,140599,140601,140603],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,140586,142],{"class":141},[36,140588,145],{"class":50},[36,140590,34743],{"class":148},[36,140592,303],{"class":50},[36,140594,34503],{"class":148},[36,140596,145],{"class":50},[36,140598,88],{"class":87},[36,140600,58],{"class":91},[36,140602,88],{"class":87},[36,140604,445],{"class":50},[14,140606,182],{},[26,140608,140610],{"className":28,"code":140609,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['']\n",[33,140611,140612],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,140613,140614,140616,140618],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,140615,3941],{"class":50},[36,140617,3817],{"class":87},[36,140619,1355],{"class":50},[376,140621,140623],{"id":140622},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[14,140625,140626],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[26,140628,140630],{"className":28,"code":140629,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[33,140631,140632,140644],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,140633,140634,140636,140638,140640,140642],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,140635,34722],{"class":42},[36,140637,47],{"class":46},[36,140639,99],{"class":87},[36,140641,708],{"class":91},[36,140643,3403],{"class":87},[36,140645,140646,140648,140650,140652,140654,140656,140658,140660,140662,140664],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,140647,142],{"class":141},[36,140649,145],{"class":50},[36,140651,34743],{"class":148},[36,140653,303],{"class":50},[36,140655,34503],{"class":148},[36,140657,145],{"class":50},[36,140659,88],{"class":87},[36,140661,58],{"class":91},[36,140663,88],{"class":87},[36,140665,445],{"class":50},[14,140667,182],{},[26,140669,140671],{"className":28,"code":140670,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"['hello']\n",[33,140672,140673],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,140674,140675,140677,140679,140681,140683],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,140676,3941],{"class":50},[36,140678,211],{"class":87},[36,140680,708],{"class":91},[36,140682,211],{"class":87},[36,140684,1355],{"class":50},[21,140686,5000,140688],{"id":140687},"when-to-use-split",[33,140689,60566],{},[14,140691,495,140692,140694],{},[33,140693,60566],{}," when you need to:",[246,140696,140697,140700,140703],{},[249,140698,140699],{},"split a sentence into words",[249,140701,140702],{},"split comma-separated values",[249,140704,140705],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[14,140707,140708],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[246,140710,140711,140714,140717],{},[249,140712,140713],{},"cleaning text",[249,140715,140716],{},"parsing user input",[249,140718,140719],{},"processing simple file content",[21,140721,1455],{"id":1454},[14,140723,84274],{},[246,140725,140726,140730,140736,140739,140747],{},[249,140727,50544,140728,131423],{},[33,140729,60566],{},[249,140731,140732,140733,140735],{},"forgetting that ",[33,140734,60566],{}," returns a list, not a string",[249,140737,140738],{},"using the wrong separator",[249,140740,140741,140742,140744,140745],{},"assuming ",[33,140743,139681],{}," behaves the same as ",[33,140746,60566],{},[249,140748,140749],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[14,140751,140752],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[26,140754,140756],{"className":28,"code":140755,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[33,140757,140758,140770,140788,140792],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,140759,140760,140762,140764,140766,140768],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,140761,34722],{"class":42},[36,140763,47],{"class":46},[36,140765,99],{"class":87},[36,140767,42867],{"class":91},[36,140769,3403],{"class":87},[36,140771,140772,140774,140776,140778,140780,140782,140784,140786],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,140773,34743],{"class":42},[36,140775,303],{"class":50},[36,140777,34503],{"class":148},[36,140779,145],{"class":50},[36,140781,88],{"class":87},[36,140783,58],{"class":91},[36,140785,88],{"class":87},[36,140787,152],{"class":50},[36,140789,140790],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,140791,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,140793,140794,140796,140798,140800],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,140795,142],{"class":141},[36,140797,145],{"class":50},[36,140799,34743],{"class":148},[36,140801,152],{"class":50},[14,140803,182],{},[26,140805,140807],{"className":28,"code":140806,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a,b,c\n",[33,140808,140809],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,140810,140811,140813,140815,140817,140819],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,140812,294],{"class":42},[36,140814,58],{"class":50},[36,140816,1707],{"class":42},[36,140818,58],{"class":50},[36,140820,69282],{"class":42},[14,140822,140823],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[14,140825,10837],{},[26,140827,140828],{"className":28,"code":42854,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,140829,140830,140842,140864,140868],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,140831,140832,140834,140836,140838,140840],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,140833,34722],{"class":42},[36,140835,47],{"class":46},[36,140837,99],{"class":87},[36,140839,42867],{"class":91},[36,140841,3403],{"class":87},[36,140843,140844,140846,140848,140850,140852,140854,140856,140858,140860,140862],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,140845,42874],{"class":42},[36,140847,47],{"class":46},[36,140849,42879],{"class":42},[36,140851,303],{"class":50},[36,140853,34503],{"class":148},[36,140855,145],{"class":50},[36,140857,88],{"class":87},[36,140859,58],{"class":91},[36,140861,88],{"class":87},[36,140863,152],{"class":50},[36,140865,140866],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,140867,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,140869,140870,140872,140874,140876],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,140871,142],{"class":141},[36,140873,145],{"class":50},[36,140875,42906],{"class":148},[36,140877,152],{"class":50},[14,140879,182],{},[26,140881,140882],{"className":28,"code":42913,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,140883,140884],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,140885,140886,140888,140890,140892,140894,140896,140898,140900,140902,140904,140906,140908,140910],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,140887,3941],{"class":50},[36,140889,211],{"class":87},[36,140891,294],{"class":91},[36,140893,211],{"class":87},[36,140895,58],{"class":50},[36,140897,220],{"class":87},[36,140899,1707],{"class":91},[36,140901,211],{"class":87},[36,140903,58],{"class":50},[36,140905,220],{"class":87},[36,140907,9770],{"class":91},[36,140909,211],{"class":87},[36,140911,1355],{"class":50},[14,140913,140914],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[26,140916,140918],{"className":28,"code":140917,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[33,140919,140920,140933,140955,140959],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,140921,140922,140924,140926,140928,140931],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,140923,34722],{"class":42},[36,140925,47],{"class":46},[36,140927,99],{"class":87},[36,140929,140930],{"class":91},"apple,banana",[36,140932,3403],{"class":87},[36,140934,140935,140937,140939,140941,140943,140945,140947,140949,140951,140953],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,140936,42874],{"class":42},[36,140938,47],{"class":46},[36,140940,42879],{"class":42},[36,140942,303],{"class":50},[36,140944,34503],{"class":148},[36,140946,145],{"class":50},[36,140948,88],{"class":87},[36,140950,58],{"class":91},[36,140952,88],{"class":87},[36,140954,152],{"class":50},[36,140956,140957],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,140958,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,140960,140961,140963,140965,140967,140969,140971],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,140962,142],{"class":141},[36,140964,145],{"class":50},[36,140966,42906],{"class":148},[36,140968,3941],{"class":50},[36,140970,481],{"class":54},[36,140972,115],{"class":50},[14,140974,140975,140976,303],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[294,140977,69295],{"href":69294},[376,140979,60745],{"id":60744},[14,140981,8909,140982,140984],{},[33,140983,60566],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[26,140986,140988],{"className":28,"code":140987,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[33,140989,140990,141000,141014,141036,141062],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,140991,140992,140994,140996,140998],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,140993,142],{"class":141},[36,140995,145],{"class":50},[36,140997,34743],{"class":148},[36,140999,152],{"class":50},[36,141001,141002,141004,141006,141008,141010,141012],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,141003,142],{"class":141},[36,141005,145],{"class":50},[36,141007,34743],{"class":148},[36,141009,303],{"class":50},[36,141011,34503],{"class":148},[36,141013,1847],{"class":50},[36,141015,141016,141018,141020,141022,141024,141026,141028,141030,141032,141034],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,141017,142],{"class":141},[36,141019,145],{"class":50},[36,141021,34743],{"class":148},[36,141023,303],{"class":50},[36,141025,34503],{"class":148},[36,141027,145],{"class":50},[36,141029,211],{"class":87},[36,141031,58],{"class":91},[36,141033,211],{"class":87},[36,141035,445],{"class":50},[36,141037,141038,141040,141042,141044,141046,141048,141050,141052,141054,141056,141058,141060],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,141039,142],{"class":141},[36,141041,145],{"class":50},[36,141043,438],{"class":141},[36,141045,145],{"class":50},[36,141047,34743],{"class":148},[36,141049,303],{"class":50},[36,141051,34503],{"class":148},[36,141053,145],{"class":50},[36,141055,211],{"class":87},[36,141057,58],{"class":91},[36,141059,211],{"class":87},[36,141061,2961],{"class":50},[36,141063,141064,141066,141068,141070,141072,141074,141076,141078,141080,141082,141084,141086],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,141065,142],{"class":141},[36,141067,145],{"class":50},[36,141069,818],{"class":80},[36,141071,145],{"class":50},[36,141073,34743],{"class":148},[36,141075,303],{"class":50},[36,141077,34503],{"class":148},[36,141079,145],{"class":50},[36,141081,211],{"class":87},[36,141083,58],{"class":91},[36,141085,211],{"class":87},[36,141087,2961],{"class":50},[14,141089,11200],{},[246,141091,141092,141095,141098,141101],{},[249,141093,141094],{},"what the original string looks like",[249,141096,141097],{},"which separator works",[249,141099,141100],{},"how many items were created",[249,141102,141103],{},"that the result is a list",[21,141105,1872],{"id":1871},[376,141107,5220,141109,482,141111,2541],{"id":141108},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[33,141110,60566],{},[33,141112,139681],{},[14,141114,141115,141117],{},[33,141116,60566],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[14,141119,141120,141122],{},[33,141121,139681],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[376,141124,12735,141126,124530],{"id":141125},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[33,141127,60566],{},[14,141129,141130,141131,56516],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[33,141132,60566],{},[376,141134,5182,141136,39997],{"id":141135},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[33,141137,139458],{},[14,141139,141140],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[376,141142,141144],{"id":141143},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[14,141146,29096,141147,141149],{},[33,141148,60566],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[21,141151,1923],{"id":1922},[246,141153,141154,141158,141164,141170,141174],{},[249,141155,141156],{},[294,141157,129808],{"href":128886},[249,141159,141160],{},[294,141161,126203,141162,1939],{"href":140420},[33,141163,133285],{},[249,141165,141166],{},[294,141167,126203,141168,1939],{"href":136773},[33,141169,41690],{},[249,141171,141172],{},[294,141173,124958],{"href":51014},[249,141175,141176],{},[294,141177,69295],{"href":69294},[1962,141179,141180],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":141182},[141183,141184,141186,141187,141192,141193,141195,141197,141202,141204,141207,141216],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":139288,"depth":72,"text":141185},"What split() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":139536,"depth":72,"text":141188,"children":141189},"Using split() with no separator",[141190],{"id":139676,"depth":118,"text":141191},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139839,"depth":72,"text":139840},{"id":140049,"depth":72,"text":141194},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140250,"depth":72,"text":141196},"What split() returns",{"id":140520,"depth":72,"text":140521,"children":141198},[141199,141200,141201],{"id":140527,"depth":118,"text":140528},{"id":140568,"depth":118,"text":140569},{"id":140622,"depth":118,"text":140623},{"id":140687,"depth":72,"text":141203},"When to use split()",{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455,"children":141205},[141206],{"id":60744,"depth":118,"text":60745},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":141208},[141209,141211,141213,141215],{"id":141108,"depth":118,"text":141210},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141125,"depth":118,"text":141212},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141135,"depth":118,"text":141214},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141143,"depth":118,"text":141144},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139197,"description":141217},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141224,"title":141225,"body":141226,"description":143169,"extension":2009,"meta":143170,"navigation":134,"path":143171,"seo":143172,"stem":143173,"__hash__":143174},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141227,"toc":143128},[141228,141233,141238,141245,141318,141323,141328,141333,141349,141351,141421,141423,141425,141445,141447,141492,141497,141499,141597,141602,141606,141611,141615,141618,141660,141664,141667,141712,141716,141719,141769,141773,141778,141830,141832,141837,141848,141853,141933,141935,141947,141956,141963,141978,141980,142095,142101,142105,142108,142113,142255,142258,142265,142267,142271,142279,142348,142354,142403,142408,142413,142415,142435,142437,142503,142505,142509,142512,142516,142557,142559,142592,142597,142600,142627,142629,142672,142679,142684,142694,142760,142764,142772,142777,142828,142832,142835,142837,142846,142848,142898,142900,143007,143009,143014,143021,143027,143030,143061,143066,143068,143075,143083,143092,143095,143097,143125],[10,141229,123203,141231,11352],{"id":141230},"python-string-startswith-method",[33,141232,127571],{},[14,141234,123208,141235,141237],{},[33,141236,127571],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[14,141239,126269,141240,298,141242,141244],{},[33,141241,3649],{},[33,141243,3716],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[26,141246,141248],{"className":28,"code":141247,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[33,141249,141250,141263,141267,141292],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,141251,141252,141254,141256,141258,141261],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,141253,34722],{"class":42},[36,141255,47],{"class":46},[36,141257,99],{"class":87},[36,141259,141260],{"class":91},"Python Beginner Help",[36,141262,3403],{"class":87},[36,141264,141265],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,141266,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,141268,141269,141271,141273,141275,141277,141280,141282,141284,141286,141288,141290],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,141270,142],{"class":141},[36,141272,145],{"class":50},[36,141274,34743],{"class":148},[36,141276,303],{"class":50},[36,141278,141279],{"class":148},"startswith",[36,141281,145],{"class":50},[36,141283,88],{"class":87},[36,141285,7336],{"class":91},[36,141287,88],{"class":87},[36,141289,5402],{"class":50},[36,141291,43893],{"class":1617},[36,141293,141294,141296,141298,141300,141302,141304,141306,141308,141311,141313,141315],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,141295,142],{"class":141},[36,141297,145],{"class":50},[36,141299,34743],{"class":148},[36,141301,303],{"class":50},[36,141303,141279],{"class":148},[36,141305,145],{"class":50},[36,141307,88],{"class":87},[36,141309,141310],{"class":91},"Beginner",[36,141312,88],{"class":87},[36,141314,5402],{"class":50},[36,141316,141317],{"class":1617}," # False\n",[14,141319,495,141320,141322],{},[33,141321,127571],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[21,141324,3720,141326,3723],{"id":141325},"what-startswith-does",[33,141327,127571],{},[14,141329,141330,141332],{},[33,141331,127571],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[246,141334,141335,141338,141344,141346],{},[249,141336,141337],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[249,141339,5188,141340,298,141342],{},[33,141341,3649],{},[33,141343,3716],{},[249,141345,123346],{},[249,141347,141348],{},"It works only on strings",[14,141350,2257],{},[26,141352,141354],{"className":28,"code":141353,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[33,141355,141356,141368,141372,141397],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,141357,141358,141360,141362,141364,141366],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,141359,7912],{"class":42},[36,141361,47],{"class":46},[36,141363,99],{"class":87},[36,141365,7336],{"class":91},[36,141367,3403],{"class":87},[36,141369,141370],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,141371,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,141373,141374,141376,141378,141380,141382,141384,141386,141388,141391,141393,141395],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,141375,142],{"class":141},[36,141377,145],{"class":50},[36,141379,1250],{"class":148},[36,141381,303],{"class":50},[36,141383,141279],{"class":148},[36,141385,145],{"class":50},[36,141387,88],{"class":87},[36,141389,141390],{"class":91},"Py",[36,141392,88],{"class":87},[36,141394,5402],{"class":50},[36,141396,43893],{"class":1617},[36,141398,141399,141401,141403,141405,141407,141409,141411,141413,141415,141417,141419],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,141400,142],{"class":141},[36,141402,145],{"class":50},[36,141404,1250],{"class":148},[36,141406,303],{"class":50},[36,141408,141279],{"class":148},[36,141410,145],{"class":50},[36,141412,88],{"class":87},[36,141414,128649],{"class":91},[36,141416,88],{"class":87},[36,141418,5402],{"class":50},[36,141420,43910],{"class":1617},[21,141422,2205],{"id":2204},[14,141424,42422],{},[26,141426,141428],{"className":28,"code":141427,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[33,141429,141430],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,141431,141432,141434,141436,141438,141440,141443],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,141433,61209],{"class":42},[36,141435,303],{"class":50},[36,141437,141279],{"class":148},[36,141439,145],{"class":50},[36,141441,141442],{"class":148},"prefix",[36,141444,152],{"class":50},[14,141446,30797],{},[26,141448,141450],{"className":28,"code":141449,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[33,141451,141452,141470],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,141453,141454,141456,141458,141460,141462,141464,141466,141468],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,141455,61209],{"class":42},[36,141457,303],{"class":50},[36,141459,141279],{"class":148},[36,141461,145],{"class":50},[36,141463,141442],{"class":148},[36,141465,58],{"class":50},[36,141467,36088],{"class":148},[36,141469,152],{"class":50},[36,141471,141472,141474,141476,141478,141480,141482,141484,141486,141488,141490],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,141473,61209],{"class":42},[36,141475,303],{"class":50},[36,141477,141279],{"class":148},[36,141479,145],{"class":50},[36,141481,141442],{"class":148},[36,141483,58],{"class":50},[36,141485,36088],{"class":148},[36,141487,58],{"class":50},[36,141489,65076],{"class":148},[36,141491,152],{"class":50},[14,141493,20803,141494,141496],{},[33,141495,141442],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[14,141498,2257],{},[26,141500,141502],{"className":28,"code":141501,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[33,141503,141504,141516,141520,141545,141569],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,141505,141506,141508,141510,141512,141514],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,141507,34722],{"class":42},[36,141509,47],{"class":46},[36,141511,99],{"class":87},[36,141513,60445],{"class":91},[36,141515,3403],{"class":87},[36,141517,141518],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,141519,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,141521,141522,141524,141526,141528,141530,141532,141534,141536,141538,141540,141542],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,141523,142],{"class":141},[36,141525,145],{"class":50},[36,141527,34743],{"class":148},[36,141529,303],{"class":50},[36,141531,141279],{"class":148},[36,141533,145],{"class":50},[36,141535,88],{"class":87},[36,141537,708],{"class":91},[36,141539,88],{"class":87},[36,141541,5402],{"class":50},[36,141543,141544],{"class":1617},"      # True\n",[36,141546,141547,141549,141551,141553,141555,141557,141559,141561,141563,141565,141567],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,141548,142],{"class":141},[36,141550,145],{"class":50},[36,141552,34743],{"class":148},[36,141554,303],{"class":50},[36,141556,141279],{"class":148},[36,141558,145],{"class":50},[36,141560,88],{"class":87},[36,141562,60626],{"class":91},[36,141564,88],{"class":87},[36,141566,5402],{"class":50},[36,141568,21232],{"class":1617},[36,141570,141571,141573,141575,141577,141579,141581,141583,141585,141587,141589,141591,141593,141595],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,141572,142],{"class":141},[36,141574,145],{"class":50},[36,141576,34743],{"class":148},[36,141578,303],{"class":50},[36,141580,141279],{"class":148},[36,141582,145],{"class":50},[36,141584,88],{"class":87},[36,141586,60626],{"class":91},[36,141588,88],{"class":87},[36,141590,58],{"class":50},[36,141592,37679],{"class":54},[36,141594,5402],{"class":50},[36,141596,43893],{"class":1617},[14,141598,141599,141600,303],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[294,141601,124958],{"href":51014},[21,141603,141605],{"id":141604},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[14,141607,141608,141610],{},[33,141609,127571],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[376,141612,141613],{"id":141442},[33,141614,141442],{},[14,141616,141617],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[26,141619,141621],{"className":28,"code":141620,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[33,141622,141623,141635],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,141624,141625,141627,141629,141631,141633],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,141626,34722],{"class":42},[36,141628,47],{"class":46},[36,141630,99],{"class":87},[36,141632,102],{"class":91},[36,141634,3403],{"class":87},[36,141636,141637,141639,141641,141643,141645,141647,141649,141651,141654,141656,141658],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,141638,142],{"class":141},[36,141640,145],{"class":50},[36,141642,34743],{"class":148},[36,141644,303],{"class":50},[36,141646,141279],{"class":148},[36,141648,145],{"class":50},[36,141650,88],{"class":87},[36,141652,141653],{"class":91},"ban",[36,141655,88],{"class":87},[36,141657,5402],{"class":50},[36,141659,3706],{"class":1617},[376,141661,141662],{"id":36109},[33,141663,36109],{},[14,141665,141666],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[26,141668,141670],{"className":28,"code":141669,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[33,141671,141672,141684],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,141673,141674,141676,141678,141680,141682],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,141675,34722],{"class":42},[36,141677,47],{"class":46},[36,141679,99],{"class":87},[36,141681,60445],{"class":91},[36,141683,3403],{"class":87},[36,141685,141686,141688,141690,141692,141694,141696,141698,141700,141702,141704,141706,141708,141710],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,141687,142],{"class":141},[36,141689,145],{"class":50},[36,141691,34743],{"class":148},[36,141693,303],{"class":50},[36,141695,141279],{"class":148},[36,141697,145],{"class":50},[36,141699,88],{"class":87},[36,141701,60626],{"class":91},[36,141703,88],{"class":87},[36,141705,58],{"class":50},[36,141707,37679],{"class":54},[36,141709,5402],{"class":50},[36,141711,3706],{"class":1617},[376,141713,141714],{"id":52699},[33,141715,52699],{},[14,141717,141718],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[26,141720,141722],{"className":28,"code":141721,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[33,141723,141724,141736],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,141725,141726,141728,141730,141732,141734],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,141727,34722],{"class":42},[36,141729,47],{"class":46},[36,141731,99],{"class":87},[36,141733,60445],{"class":91},[36,141735,3403],{"class":87},[36,141737,141738,141740,141742,141744,141746,141748,141750,141752,141755,141757,141759,141761,141763,141765,141767],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,141739,142],{"class":141},[36,141741,145],{"class":50},[36,141743,34743],{"class":148},[36,141745,303],{"class":50},[36,141747,141279],{"class":148},[36,141749,145],{"class":50},[36,141751,88],{"class":87},[36,141753,141754],{"class":91},"wor",[36,141756,88],{"class":87},[36,141758,58],{"class":50},[36,141760,37679],{"class":54},[36,141762,58],{"class":50},[36,141764,54175],{"class":54},[36,141766,5402],{"class":50},[36,141768,3706],{"class":1617},[376,141770,141772],{"id":141771},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[14,141774,141775,141777],{},[33,141776,141442],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[26,141779,141781],{"className":28,"code":141780,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[33,141782,141783,141796],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,141784,141785,141787,141789,141791,141794],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,141786,126286],{"class":42},[36,141788,47],{"class":46},[36,141790,99],{"class":87},[36,141792,141793],{"class":91},"img_001.png",[36,141795,3403],{"class":87},[36,141797,141798,141800,141802,141804,141806,141808,141810,141812,141815,141817,141819,141821,141824,141826,141828],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,141799,142],{"class":141},[36,141801,145],{"class":50},[36,141803,126304],{"class":148},[36,141805,303],{"class":50},[36,141807,141279],{"class":148},[36,141809,628],{"class":50},[36,141811,88],{"class":87},[36,141813,141814],{"class":91},"img_",[36,141816,88],{"class":87},[36,141818,58],{"class":50},[36,141820,99],{"class":87},[36,141822,141823],{"class":91},"photo_",[36,141825,88],{"class":87},[36,141827,51130],{"class":50},[36,141829,3706],{"class":1617},[21,141831,17449],{"id":17448},[14,141833,141834,141836],{},[33,141835,127571],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[246,141838,141839,141844],{},[249,141840,141841,141843],{},[33,141842,3649],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[249,141845,141846,126888],{},[33,141847,3716],{},[14,141849,141850,141851,7212],{},"This makes it useful in ",[33,141852,7037],{},[26,141854,141856],{"className":28,"code":141855,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[33,141857,141858,141872,141876,141897,141912,141918],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,141859,141860,141863,141865,141867,141870],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,141861,141862],{"class":42},"command ",[36,141864,47],{"class":46},[36,141866,99],{"class":87},[36,141868,141869],{"class":91},"\u002Fhelp",[36,141871,3403],{"class":87},[36,141873,141874],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,141875,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,141877,141878,141880,141883,141885,141887,141889,141891,141893,141895],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,141879,7037],{"class":3917},[36,141881,141882],{"class":42}," command",[36,141884,303],{"class":50},[36,141886,141279],{"class":148},[36,141888,145],{"class":50},[36,141890,88],{"class":87},[36,141892,127095],{"class":91},[36,141894,88],{"class":87},[36,141896,8378],{"class":50},[36,141898,141899,141901,141903,141905,141908,141910],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,141900,8105],{"class":141},[36,141902,145],{"class":50},[36,141904,88],{"class":87},[36,141906,141907],{"class":91},"This looks like a command.",[36,141909,88],{"class":87},[36,141911,152],{"class":50},[36,141913,141914,141916],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,141915,27468],{"class":3917},[36,141917,6433],{"class":50},[36,141919,141920,141922,141924,141926,141929,141931],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,141921,8105],{"class":141},[36,141923,145],{"class":50},[36,141925,88],{"class":87},[36,141927,141928],{"class":91},"This is normal text.",[36,141930,88],{"class":87},[36,141932,152],{"class":50},[14,141934,182],{},[26,141936,141938],{"className":28,"code":141937,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"This looks like a command.\n",[33,141939,141940],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,141941,141942,141945],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,141943,141944],{"class":42},"This looks like a command",[36,141946,122235],{"class":50},[21,141948,1462,141950,8741,141952,482,141954],{"id":141949},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[33,141951,127571],{},[33,141953,36109],{},[33,141955,52699],{},[14,141957,2026,141958,482,141960,141962],{},[33,141959,36109],{},[33,141961,52699],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[246,141964,141965,141970,141975],{},[249,141966,141967,141969],{},[33,141968,36109],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[249,141971,141972,141974],{},[33,141973,52699],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[249,141976,141977],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[14,141979,2257],{},[26,141981,141983],{"className":28,"code":141982,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[33,141984,141985,141997,142001,142030,142063],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,141986,141987,141989,141991,141993,141995],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,141988,34722],{"class":42},[36,141990,47],{"class":46},[36,141992,99],{"class":87},[36,141994,139482],{"class":91},[36,141996,3403],{"class":87},[36,141998,141999],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,142000,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,142002,142003,142005,142007,142009,142011,142013,142015,142017,142019,142021,142023,142025,142027],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,142004,142],{"class":141},[36,142006,145],{"class":50},[36,142008,34743],{"class":148},[36,142010,303],{"class":50},[36,142012,141279],{"class":148},[36,142014,145],{"class":50},[36,142016,88],{"class":87},[36,142018,79305],{"class":91},[36,142020,88],{"class":87},[36,142022,58],{"class":50},[36,142024,559],{"class":54},[36,142026,5402],{"class":50},[36,142028,142029],{"class":1617},"        # True\n",[36,142031,142032,142034,142036,142038,142040,142042,142044,142046,142048,142050,142052,142054,142056,142059,142061],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,142033,142],{"class":141},[36,142035,145],{"class":50},[36,142037,34743],{"class":148},[36,142039,303],{"class":50},[36,142041,141279],{"class":148},[36,142043,145],{"class":50},[36,142045,88],{"class":87},[36,142047,134089],{"class":91},[36,142049,88],{"class":87},[36,142051,58],{"class":50},[36,142053,6399],{"class":54},[36,142055,58],{"class":50},[36,142057,142058],{"class":54}," 13",[36,142060,5402],{"class":50},[36,142062,3706],{"class":1617},[36,142064,142065,142067,142069,142071,142073,142075,142077,142079,142081,142083,142085,142087,142089,142091,142093],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,142066,142],{"class":141},[36,142068,145],{"class":50},[36,142070,34743],{"class":148},[36,142072,303],{"class":50},[36,142074,141279],{"class":148},[36,142076,145],{"class":50},[36,142078,88],{"class":87},[36,142080,134089],{"class":91},[36,142082,88],{"class":87},[36,142084,58],{"class":50},[36,142086,6399],{"class":54},[36,142088,58],{"class":50},[36,142090,30976],{"class":54},[36,142092,5402],{"class":50},[36,142094,4810],{"class":1617},[14,142096,142097,142098,142100],{},"In the last example, the ",[33,142099,52699],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[21,142102,142104],{"id":142103},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[14,142106,142107],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[14,142109,142110,142111,49386],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[33,142112,40873],{},[26,142114,142116],{"className":28,"code":142115,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[33,142117,142118,142132,142146,142160,142164,142188,142192,142213,142234],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,142119,142120,142123,142125,142127,142130],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,142121,142122],{"class":42},"filename1 ",[36,142124,47],{"class":46},[36,142126,99],{"class":87},[36,142128,142129],{"class":91},"img_101.jpg",[36,142131,3403],{"class":87},[36,142133,142134,142137,142139,142141,142144],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,142135,142136],{"class":42},"filename2 ",[36,142138,47],{"class":46},[36,142140,99],{"class":87},[36,142142,142143],{"class":91},"photo_202.jpg",[36,142145,3403],{"class":87},[36,142147,142148,142151,142153,142155,142158],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,142149,142150],{"class":42},"filename3 ",[36,142152,47],{"class":46},[36,142154,99],{"class":87},[36,142156,142157],{"class":91},"doc_303.jpg",[36,142159,3403],{"class":87},[36,142161,142162],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,142163,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,142165,142166,142168,142170,142172,142174,142176,142178,142180,142182,142184,142186],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,142167,127498],{"class":42},[36,142169,47],{"class":46},[36,142171,1131],{"class":50},[36,142173,88],{"class":87},[36,142175,141814],{"class":91},[36,142177,88],{"class":87},[36,142179,58],{"class":50},[36,142181,99],{"class":87},[36,142183,141823],{"class":91},[36,142185,88],{"class":87},[36,142187,152],{"class":50},[36,142189,142190],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,142191,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,142193,142194,142196,142198,142201,142203,142205,142207,142209,142211],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,142195,142],{"class":141},[36,142197,145],{"class":50},[36,142199,142200],{"class":148},"filename1",[36,142202,303],{"class":50},[36,142204,141279],{"class":148},[36,142206,145],{"class":50},[36,142208,127550],{"class":148},[36,142210,5402],{"class":50},[36,142212,3706],{"class":1617},[36,142214,142215,142217,142219,142222,142224,142226,142228,142230,142232],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,142216,142],{"class":141},[36,142218,145],{"class":50},[36,142220,142221],{"class":148},"filename2",[36,142223,303],{"class":50},[36,142225,141279],{"class":148},[36,142227,145],{"class":50},[36,142229,127550],{"class":148},[36,142231,5402],{"class":50},[36,142233,3706],{"class":1617},[36,142235,142236,142238,142240,142243,142245,142247,142249,142251,142253],{"class":38,"line":6471},[36,142237,142],{"class":141},[36,142239,145],{"class":50},[36,142241,142242],{"class":148},"filename3",[36,142244,303],{"class":50},[36,142246,141279],{"class":148},[36,142248,145],{"class":50},[36,142250,127550],{"class":148},[36,142252,5402],{"class":50},[36,142254,4810],{"class":1617},[14,142256,142257],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[14,142259,74806,142260,142264],{},[294,142261,126203,142262,1939],{"href":129797},[33,142263,126261],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[21,142266,123850],{"id":123849},[14,142268,142269,123661],{},[33,142270,127571],{},[14,142272,127248,142273,482,142276,127255],{},[33,142274,142275],{},"\"Python\"",[33,142277,142278],{},"\"python\"",[26,142280,142282],{"className":28,"code":142281,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[33,142283,142284,142296,142300,142324],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,142285,142286,142288,142290,142292,142294],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,142287,34722],{"class":42},[36,142289,47],{"class":46},[36,142291,99],{"class":87},[36,142293,7336],{"class":91},[36,142295,3403],{"class":87},[36,142297,142298],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,142299,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,142301,142302,142304,142306,142308,142310,142312,142314,142316,142318,142320,142322],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,142303,142],{"class":141},[36,142305,145],{"class":50},[36,142307,34743],{"class":148},[36,142309,303],{"class":50},[36,142311,141279],{"class":148},[36,142313,145],{"class":50},[36,142315,88],{"class":87},[36,142317,141390],{"class":91},[36,142319,88],{"class":87},[36,142321,5402],{"class":50},[36,142323,3706],{"class":1617},[36,142325,142326,142328,142330,142332,142334,142336,142338,142340,142342,142344,142346],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,142327,142],{"class":141},[36,142329,145],{"class":50},[36,142331,34743],{"class":148},[36,142333,303],{"class":50},[36,142335,141279],{"class":148},[36,142337,145],{"class":50},[36,142339,88],{"class":87},[36,142341,128649],{"class":91},[36,142343,88],{"class":87},[36,142345,5402],{"class":50},[36,142347,4810],{"class":1617},[14,142349,127340,142350,303],{},[294,142351,142352],{"href":123930},[33,142353,123933],{},[26,142355,142357],{"className":28,"code":142356,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[33,142358,142359,142371,142375],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,142360,142361,142363,142365,142367,142369],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,142362,34722],{"class":42},[36,142364,47],{"class":46},[36,142366,99],{"class":87},[36,142368,7336],{"class":91},[36,142370,3403],{"class":87},[36,142372,142373],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,142374,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,142376,142377,142379,142381,142383,142385,142387,142389,142391,142393,142395,142397,142399,142401],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,142378,142],{"class":141},[36,142380,145],{"class":50},[36,142382,34743],{"class":148},[36,142384,303],{"class":50},[36,142386,8677],{"class":148},[36,142388,8674],{"class":50},[36,142390,141279],{"class":148},[36,142392,145],{"class":50},[36,142394,88],{"class":87},[36,142396,128649],{"class":91},[36,142398,88],{"class":87},[36,142400,5402],{"class":50},[36,142402,3706],{"class":1617},[21,142404,5000,142406],{"id":142405},"when-to-use-startswith",[33,142407,127571],{},[14,142409,142410,142412],{},[33,142411,127571],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[14,142414,9405],{},[246,142416,142417,142420,142423,142432],{},[249,142418,142419],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[249,142421,142422],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[249,142424,142425,142426,298,142429],{},"Validating text formats like ",[33,142427,142428],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[33,142430,142431],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[249,142433,142434],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[14,142436,2257],{},[26,142438,142440],{"className":28,"code":142439,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[33,142441,142442,142455,142459,142488],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,142443,142444,142446,142448,142450,142453],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,142445,127066],{"class":42},[36,142447,47],{"class":46},[36,142449,99],{"class":87},[36,142451,142452],{"class":91},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[36,142454,3403],{"class":87},[36,142456,142457],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,142458,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,142460,142461,142463,142466,142468,142470,142472,142474,142476,142478,142480,142482,142484,142486],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,142462,7037],{"class":3917},[36,142464,142465],{"class":42}," url",[36,142467,303],{"class":50},[36,142469,141279],{"class":148},[36,142471,628],{"class":50},[36,142473,88],{"class":87},[36,142475,142428],{"class":91},[36,142477,88],{"class":87},[36,142479,58],{"class":50},[36,142481,99],{"class":87},[36,142483,142431],{"class":91},[36,142485,88],{"class":87},[36,142487,69599],{"class":50},[36,142489,142490,142492,142494,142496,142499,142501],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,142491,8105],{"class":141},[36,142493,145],{"class":50},[36,142495,88],{"class":87},[36,142497,142498],{"class":91},"This looks like a web URL.",[36,142500,88],{"class":87},[36,142502,152],{"class":50},[21,142504,1455],{"id":1454},[14,142506,23127,142507,303],{},[33,142508,127571],{},[376,142510,138643],{"id":142511},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[14,142513,142514,123661],{},[33,142515,127571],{},[26,142517,142519],{"className":28,"code":142518,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[33,142520,142521,142533],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,142522,142523,142525,142527,142529,142531],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,142524,34722],{"class":42},[36,142526,47],{"class":46},[36,142528,99],{"class":87},[36,142530,7336],{"class":91},[36,142532,3403],{"class":87},[36,142534,142535,142537,142539,142541,142543,142545,142547,142549,142551,142553,142555],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,142536,142],{"class":141},[36,142538,145],{"class":50},[36,142540,34743],{"class":148},[36,142542,303],{"class":50},[36,142544,141279],{"class":148},[36,142546,145],{"class":50},[36,142548,88],{"class":87},[36,142550,30],{"class":91},[36,142552,88],{"class":87},[36,142554,5402],{"class":50},[36,142556,4810],{"class":1617},[14,142558,39298],{},[26,142560,142562],{"className":28,"code":142561,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[33,142563,142564],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,142565,142566,142568,142570,142572,142574,142576,142578,142580,142582,142584,142586,142588,142590],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,142567,142],{"class":141},[36,142569,145],{"class":50},[36,142571,34743],{"class":148},[36,142573,303],{"class":50},[36,142575,8677],{"class":148},[36,142577,8674],{"class":50},[36,142579,141279],{"class":148},[36,142581,145],{"class":50},[36,142583,88],{"class":87},[36,142585,30],{"class":91},[36,142587,88],{"class":87},[36,142589,5402],{"class":50},[36,142591,3706],{"class":1617},[376,142593,29685,142595,137125],{"id":142594},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[33,142596,127571],{},[14,142598,142599],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[26,142601,142603],{"className":28,"code":142602,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[33,142604,142605,142613,142617,142622],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,142606,142607,142609,142611],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,142608,1478],{"class":42},[36,142610,47],{"class":46},[36,142612,124885],{"class":54},[36,142614,142615],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,142616,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,142618,142619],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,142620,142621],{"class":1617},"# This will cause an error:\n",[36,142623,142624],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,142625,142626],{"class":1617},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[14,142628,39298],{},[26,142630,142632],{"className":28,"code":142631,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[33,142633,142634,142648],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,142635,142636,142638,142640,142642,142644,142646],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,142637,1478],{"class":42},[36,142639,47],{"class":46},[36,142641,48942],{"class":80},[36,142643,145],{"class":50},[36,142645,50284],{"class":54},[36,142647,152],{"class":50},[36,142649,142650,142652,142654,142656,142658,142660,142662,142664,142666,142668,142670],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,142651,142],{"class":141},[36,142653,145],{"class":50},[36,142655,1495],{"class":148},[36,142657,303],{"class":50},[36,142659,141279],{"class":148},[36,142661,145],{"class":50},[36,142663,88],{"class":87},[36,142665,55],{"class":91},[36,142667,88],{"class":87},[36,142669,5402],{"class":50},[36,142671,3706],{"class":1617},[376,142673,37239,142675,8741,142677],{"id":142674},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[33,142676,127571],{},[33,142678,3924],{},[14,142680,142681,142683],{},[33,142682,127571],{}," checks only the beginning.",[14,142685,142686,142687,142689,142690,303],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[33,142688,3924],{}," or methods like ",[294,142691,142692],{"href":124213},[33,142693,124198],{},[26,142695,142697],{"className":28,"code":142696,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[33,142698,142699,142711,142715,142739],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,142700,142701,142703,142705,142707,142709],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,142702,34722],{"class":42},[36,142704,47],{"class":46},[36,142706,99],{"class":87},[36,142708,60445],{"class":91},[36,142710,3403],{"class":87},[36,142712,142713],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,142714,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,142716,142717,142719,142721,142723,142725,142727,142729,142731,142733,142735,142737],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,142718,142],{"class":141},[36,142720,145],{"class":50},[36,142722,34743],{"class":148},[36,142724,303],{"class":50},[36,142726,141279],{"class":148},[36,142728,145],{"class":50},[36,142730,88],{"class":87},[36,142732,60626],{"class":91},[36,142734,88],{"class":87},[36,142736,5402],{"class":50},[36,142738,4810],{"class":1617},[36,142740,142741,142743,142745,142747,142749,142751,142753,142755,142757],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,142742,142],{"class":141},[36,142744,145],{"class":50},[36,142746,88],{"class":87},[36,142748,60626],{"class":91},[36,142750,88],{"class":87},[36,142752,21205],{"class":3917},[36,142754,42879],{"class":148},[36,142756,3703],{"class":50},[36,142758,142759],{"class":1617},"           # True\n",[14,142761,135677,142762,303],{},[294,142763,127239],{"href":123458},[376,142765,4743,142767,482,142769,142771],{"id":142766},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[33,142768,36109],{},[33,142770,52699],{}," use index positions",[14,142773,142774,142775,303],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[33,142776,2166],{},[26,142778,142780],{"className":28,"code":142779,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[33,142781,142782,142795,142799],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,142783,142784,142786,142788,142790,142793],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,142785,34722],{"class":42},[36,142787,47],{"class":46},[36,142789,99],{"class":87},[36,142791,142792],{"class":91},"abcdef",[36,142794,3403],{"class":87},[36,142796,142797],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,142798,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,142800,142801,142803,142805,142807,142809,142811,142813,142815,142818,142820,142822,142824,142826],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,142802,142],{"class":141},[36,142804,145],{"class":50},[36,142806,34743],{"class":148},[36,142808,303],{"class":50},[36,142810,141279],{"class":148},[36,142812,145],{"class":50},[36,142814,88],{"class":87},[36,142816,142817],{"class":91},"cd",[36,142819,88],{"class":87},[36,142821,58],{"class":50},[36,142823,61],{"class":54},[36,142825,5402],{"class":50},[36,142827,3706],{"class":1617},[376,142829,142831],{"id":142830},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[14,142833,142834],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[14,142836,16673],{},[26,142838,142840],{"className":28,"code":142839,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[33,142841,142842],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,142843,142844],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,142845,142839],{"class":1617},[14,142847,16685],{},[26,142849,142851],{"className":28,"code":142850,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[33,142852,142853,142865],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,142854,142855,142857,142859,142861,142863],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,142856,34722],{"class":42},[36,142858,47],{"class":46},[36,142860,99],{"class":87},[36,142862,7336],{"class":91},[36,142864,3403],{"class":87},[36,142866,142867,142869,142871,142873,142875,142877,142879,142881,142883,142885,142887,142889,142892,142894,142896],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,142868,142],{"class":141},[36,142870,145],{"class":50},[36,142872,34743],{"class":148},[36,142874,303],{"class":50},[36,142876,141279],{"class":148},[36,142878,628],{"class":50},[36,142880,88],{"class":87},[36,142882,141390],{"class":91},[36,142884,88],{"class":87},[36,142886,58],{"class":50},[36,142888,99],{"class":87},[36,142890,142891],{"class":91},"Ja",[36,142893,88],{"class":87},[36,142895,51130],{"class":50},[36,142897,3706],{"class":1617},[14,142899,32116],{},[26,142901,142903],{"className":28,"code":142902,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[33,142904,142905,142915,142929,142951,142977],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,142906,142907,142909,142911,142913],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,142908,142],{"class":141},[36,142910,145],{"class":50},[36,142912,34743],{"class":148},[36,142914,152],{"class":50},[36,142916,142917,142919,142921,142923,142925,142927],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,142918,142],{"class":141},[36,142920,145],{"class":50},[36,142922,818],{"class":80},[36,142924,145],{"class":50},[36,142926,34743],{"class":148},[36,142928,445],{"class":50},[36,142930,142931,142933,142935,142937,142939,142941,142943,142945,142947,142949],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,142932,142],{"class":141},[36,142934,145],{"class":50},[36,142936,34743],{"class":148},[36,142938,303],{"class":50},[36,142940,141279],{"class":148},[36,142942,145],{"class":50},[36,142944,88],{"class":87},[36,142946,141390],{"class":91},[36,142948,88],{"class":87},[36,142950,445],{"class":50},[36,142952,142953,142955,142957,142959,142961,142963,142965,142967,142969,142971,142973,142975],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,142954,142],{"class":141},[36,142956,145],{"class":50},[36,142958,34743],{"class":148},[36,142960,303],{"class":50},[36,142962,8677],{"class":148},[36,142964,8674],{"class":50},[36,142966,141279],{"class":148},[36,142968,145],{"class":50},[36,142970,88],{"class":87},[36,142972,128649],{"class":91},[36,142974,88],{"class":87},[36,142976,445],{"class":50},[36,142978,142979,142981,142983,142985,142987,142989,142991,142993,142995,142997,142999,143001,143003,143005],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,142980,142],{"class":141},[36,142982,145],{"class":50},[36,142984,34743],{"class":148},[36,142986,303],{"class":50},[36,142988,141279],{"class":148},[36,142990,628],{"class":50},[36,142992,88],{"class":87},[36,142994,141390],{"class":91},[36,142996,88],{"class":87},[36,142998,58],{"class":50},[36,143000,99],{"class":87},[36,143002,142891],{"class":91},[36,143004,88],{"class":87},[36,143006,2961],{"class":50},[21,143008,1872],{"id":1871},[376,143010,12735,143012,128049],{"id":143011},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[33,143013,127571],{},[14,143015,143016,143017,298,143019,303],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[33,143018,3649],{},[33,143020,3716],{},[376,143022,5210,143024,143026],{"id":143023},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[33,143025,127571],{}," check more than one prefix?",[14,143028,143029],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[26,143031,143033],{"className":28,"code":143032,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[33,143034,143035],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,143036,143037,143039,143041,143043,143045,143047,143049,143051,143053,143055,143057,143059],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,143038,34743],{"class":42},[36,143040,303],{"class":50},[36,143042,141279],{"class":148},[36,143044,628],{"class":50},[36,143046,88],{"class":87},[36,143048,294],{"class":91},[36,143050,88],{"class":87},[36,143052,58],{"class":50},[36,143054,99],{"class":87},[36,143056,1707],{"class":91},[36,143058,88],{"class":87},[36,143060,445],{"class":50},[376,143062,14936,143064,124539],{"id":143063},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[33,143065,127571],{},[14,143067,129732],{},[376,143069,5220,143071,482,143073,2541],{"id":143070},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[33,143072,127571],{},[33,143074,3924],{},[14,143076,143077,143079,143080,143082],{},[33,143078,127571],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[33,143081,3924],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[376,143084,28363,143086,482,143088,8741,143090,2541],{"id":143085},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[33,143087,36109],{},[33,143089,52699],{},[33,143091,127571],{},[14,143093,143094],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[21,143096,1923],{"id":1922},[246,143098,143099,143105,143111,143117,143121],{},[249,143100,143101],{},[294,143102,126203,143103,1939],{"href":129797},[33,143104,126261],{},[249,143106,143107],{},[294,143108,126203,143109,1939],{"href":124213},[33,143110,124198],{},[249,143112,143113],{},[294,143114,126203,143115,1939],{"href":123930},[33,143116,123933],{},[249,143118,143119],{},[294,143120,124602],{"href":123458},[249,143122,143123],{},[294,143124,124958],{"href":51014},[1962,143126,143127],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":143129},[143130,143132,143133,143139,143140,143142,143143,143144,143146,143156,143168],{"id":141325,"depth":72,"text":143131},"What startswith() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":141604,"depth":72,"text":141605,"children":143134},[143135,143136,143137,143138],{"id":141442,"depth":118,"text":141442},{"id":36109,"depth":118,"text":36109},{"id":52699,"depth":118,"text":52699},{"id":141771,"depth":118,"text":141772},{"id":17448,"depth":72,"text":17449},{"id":141949,"depth":72,"text":143141},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142103,"depth":72,"text":142104},{"id":123849,"depth":72,"text":123850},{"id":142405,"depth":72,"text":143145},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455,"children":143147},[143148,143149,143151,143153,143155],{"id":142511,"depth":118,"text":138643},{"id":142594,"depth":118,"text":143150},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142674,"depth":118,"text":143152},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142766,"depth":118,"text":143154},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142830,"depth":118,"text":142831},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":143157},[143158,143160,143162,143164,143166],{"id":143011,"depth":118,"text":143159},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143023,"depth":118,"text":143161},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143063,"depth":118,"text":143163},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143070,"depth":118,"text":143165},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143085,"depth":118,"text":143167},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141225,"description":143169},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143176,"title":143177,"body":143178,"description":144632,"extension":2009,"meta":144633,"navigation":134,"path":144634,"seo":144635,"stem":144636,"__hash__":144637},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143179,"toc":144602},[143180,143185,143190,143193,143195,143239,143241,143249,143254,143259,143264,143266,143284,143286,143332,143334,143348,143357,143361,143363,143365,143377,143382,143385,143417,143419,143428,143433,143436,143477,143479,143487,143489,143502,143508,143512,143515,143531,143533,143582,143584,143593,143596,143655,143657,143666,143673,143676,143729,143731,143755,143762,143768,143772,143778,143781,143792,143794,143834,143836,143844,143846,143886,143888,143897,143899,143917,143920,143927,143938,143941,143958,143960,144037,144039,144070,144073,144075,144078,144104,144106,144146,144148,144157,144167,144175,144183,144188,144193,144195,144209,144211,144262,144264,144273,144283,144285,144287,144309,144312,144391,144393,144429,144432,144507,144512,144514,144520,144525,144530,144533,144539,144542,144549,144557,144561,144569,144571,144599],[10,143181,123203,143183,11352],{"id":143182},"python-string-strip-method",[33,143184,41690],{},[14,143186,32351,143187,143189],{},[33,143188,41690],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[14,143191,143192],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[21,143194,24],{"id":23},[26,143196,143198],{"className":28,"code":143197,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[33,143199,143200,143213,143228],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,143201,143202,143204,143206,143208,143211],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,143203,34722],{"class":42},[36,143205,47],{"class":46},[36,143207,99],{"class":87},[36,143209,143210],{"class":91},"  hello  ",[36,143212,3403],{"class":87},[36,143214,143215,143218,143220,143222,143224,143226],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,143216,143217],{"class":42},"clean_text ",[36,143219,47],{"class":46},[36,143221,42879],{"class":42},[36,143223,303],{"class":50},[36,143225,8671],{"class":148},[36,143227,128],{"class":50},[36,143229,143230,143232,143234,143237],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,143231,142],{"class":141},[36,143233,145],{"class":50},[36,143235,143236],{"class":148},"clean_text",[36,143238,152],{"class":50},[14,143240,182],{},[26,143242,143243],{"className":28,"code":138518,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,143244,143245],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,143246,143247],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,143248,138518],{"class":42},[14,143250,495,143251,143253],{},[33,143252,41690],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[21,143255,3720,143257,3723],{"id":143256},"what-strip-does",[33,143258,41690],{},[14,143260,143261,143263],{},[33,143262,41690],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[14,143265,13084],{},[246,143267,143268,143272,143275,143278,143281],{},[249,143269,143270,131553],{},[33,143271,41690],{},[249,143273,143274],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[249,143276,143277],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[249,143279,143280],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[249,143282,143283],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[14,143285,2257],{},[26,143287,143289],{"className":28,"code":143288,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[33,143290,143291,143304,143308,143322],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,143292,143293,143295,143297,143299,143302],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,143294,34722],{"class":42},[36,143296,47],{"class":46},[36,143298,99],{"class":87},[36,143300,143301],{"class":91},"  hello world  ",[36,143303,3403],{"class":87},[36,143305,143306],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,143307,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,143309,143310,143312,143314,143316,143318,143320],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,143311,142],{"class":141},[36,143313,145],{"class":50},[36,143315,34743],{"class":148},[36,143317,303],{"class":50},[36,143319,8671],{"class":148},[36,143321,1847],{"class":50},[36,143323,143324,143326,143328,143330],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,143325,142],{"class":141},[36,143327,145],{"class":50},[36,143329,34743],{"class":148},[36,143331,152],{"class":50},[14,143333,182],{},[26,143335,143337],{"className":28,"code":143336,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[33,143338,143339,143343],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,143340,143341],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,143342,134219],{"class":42},[36,143344,143345],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,143346,143347],{"class":42},"  hello world\n",[14,143349,143350,143351,143353,143354,143356],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[33,143352,41690],{},", but the original ",[33,143355,34743],{}," value is unchanged.",[14,143358,124955,143359,303],{},[294,143360,124958],{"href":51014},[21,143362,2205],{"id":2204},[14,143364,26521],{},[246,143366,143367,143372],{},[249,143368,143369],{},[33,143370,143371],{},"string.strip()",[249,143373,143374],{},[33,143375,143376],{},"string.strip(chars)",[376,143378,143380],{"id":143379},"stringstrip",[33,143381,143371],{},[14,143383,143384],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[26,143386,143388],{"className":28,"code":143387,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[33,143389,143390,143403],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,143391,143392,143394,143396,143398,143401],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,143393,7912],{"class":42},[36,143395,47],{"class":46},[36,143397,99],{"class":87},[36,143399,143400],{"class":91},"  Alice  ",[36,143402,3403],{"class":87},[36,143404,143405,143407,143409,143411,143413,143415],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,143406,142],{"class":141},[36,143408,145],{"class":50},[36,143410,1250],{"class":148},[36,143412,303],{"class":50},[36,143414,8671],{"class":148},[36,143416,1847],{"class":50},[14,143418,182],{},[26,143420,143422],{"className":28,"code":143421,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Alice\n",[33,143423,143424],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,143425,143426],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,143427,143421],{"class":42},[376,143429,143431],{"id":143430},"stringstripchars",[33,143432,143376],{},[14,143434,143435],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[26,143437,143439],{"className":28,"code":143438,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[33,143440,143441,143454],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,143442,143443,143445,143447,143449,143452],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,143444,34722],{"class":42},[36,143446,47],{"class":46},[36,143448,99],{"class":87},[36,143450,143451],{"class":91},"!!hello??",[36,143453,3403],{"class":87},[36,143455,143456,143458,143460,143462,143464,143466,143468,143470,143473,143475],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,143457,142],{"class":141},[36,143459,145],{"class":50},[36,143461,34743],{"class":148},[36,143463,303],{"class":50},[36,143465,8671],{"class":148},[36,143467,145],{"class":50},[36,143469,88],{"class":87},[36,143471,143472],{"class":91},"!?",[36,143474,88],{"class":87},[36,143476,445],{"class":50},[14,143478,182],{},[26,143480,143481],{"className":28,"code":138518,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,143482,143483],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,143484,143485],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,143486,138518],{"class":42},[14,143488,83855],{},[246,143490,143491,143496],{},[249,143492,143493,143495],{},[33,143494,134462],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[249,143497,143498,143499,143501],{},"The order of characters in ",[33,143500,134462],{}," does not matter",[21,143503,143505,143506],{"id":143504},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[33,143507,41690],{},[14,143509,30918,143510,303],{},[33,143511,41690],{},[14,143513,143514],{},"It is useful for:",[246,143516,143517,143522,143525,143528],{},[249,143518,143519,143520,3927],{},"Cleaning ",[33,143521,3007],{},[249,143523,143524],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[249,143526,143527],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[249,143529,143530],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[14,143532,48399],{},[26,143534,143536],{"className":28,"code":143535,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[33,143537,143538,143551,143567,143571],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,143539,143540,143542,143544,143546,143549],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,143541,7997],{"class":42},[36,143543,47],{"class":46},[36,143545,99],{"class":87},[36,143547,143548],{"class":91},"  sam  ",[36,143550,3403],{"class":87},[36,143552,143553,143556,143558,143561,143563,143565],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,143554,143555],{"class":42},"clean_username ",[36,143557,47],{"class":46},[36,143559,143560],{"class":42}," username",[36,143562,303],{"class":50},[36,143564,8671],{"class":148},[36,143566,128],{"class":50},[36,143568,143569],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,143570,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,143572,143573,143575,143577,143580],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,143574,142],{"class":141},[36,143576,145],{"class":50},[36,143578,143579],{"class":148},"clean_username",[36,143581,152],{"class":50},[14,143583,182],{},[26,143585,143587],{"className":28,"code":143586,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"sam\n",[33,143588,143589],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,143590,143591],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,143592,143586],{"class":42},[14,143594,143595],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[26,143597,143599],{"className":28,"code":143598,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[33,143600,143601,143614,143618,143640],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,143602,143603,143605,143607,143609,143612],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,143604,136446],{"class":42},[36,143606,47],{"class":46},[36,143608,99],{"class":87},[36,143610,143611],{"class":91}," yes  ",[36,143613,3403],{"class":87},[36,143615,143616],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,143617,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,143619,143620,143622,143624,143626,143628,143630,143632,143634,143636,143638],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,143621,7037],{"class":3917},[36,143623,136466],{"class":42},[36,143625,303],{"class":50},[36,143627,8671],{"class":148},[36,143629,7405],{"class":50},[36,143631,6448],{"class":46},[36,143633,99],{"class":87},[36,143635,8694],{"class":91},[36,143637,88],{"class":87},[36,143639,6433],{"class":50},[36,143641,143642,143644,143646,143648,143651,143653],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,143643,8105],{"class":141},[36,143645,145],{"class":50},[36,143647,88],{"class":87},[36,143649,143650],{"class":91},"Matched",[36,143652,88],{"class":87},[36,143654,152],{"class":50},[14,143656,182],{},[26,143658,143660],{"className":28,"code":143659,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Matched\n",[33,143661,143662],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,143663,143664],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,143665,143659],{"class":42},[14,143667,143668,143669,303],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[294,143670,143672],{"href":143671},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[14,143674,143675],{},"Example with file-style text:",[26,143677,143679],{"className":28,"code":143678,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[33,143680,143681,143697,143711],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,143682,143683,143686,143688,143690,143693,143695],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,143684,143685],{"class":42},"line ",[36,143687,47],{"class":46},[36,143689,99],{"class":87},[36,143691,143692],{"class":91},"Python basics",[36,143694,87187],{"class":34487},[36,143696,3403],{"class":87},[36,143698,143699,143701,143703,143705,143707,143709],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,143700,142],{"class":141},[36,143702,145],{"class":50},[36,143704,41816],{"class":141},[36,143706,145],{"class":50},[36,143708,38],{"class":148},[36,143710,445],{"class":50},[36,143712,143713,143715,143717,143719,143721,143723,143725,143727],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,143714,142],{"class":141},[36,143716,145],{"class":50},[36,143718,41816],{"class":141},[36,143720,145],{"class":50},[36,143722,38],{"class":148},[36,143724,303],{"class":50},[36,143726,8671],{"class":148},[36,143728,6329],{"class":50},[14,143730,182],{},[26,143732,143734],{"className":28,"code":143733,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[33,143735,143736,143747],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,143737,143738,143740,143742,143745],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,143739,211],{"class":43366},[36,143741,143692],{"class":43370},[36,143743,87187],{"class":143744},"sfi6f",[36,143746,1228],{"class":43366},[36,143748,143749,143751,143753],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,143750,211],{"class":43366},[36,143752,143692],{"class":43370},[36,143754,1228],{"class":43366},[14,143756,1462,143757,143759,143760,303],{},[33,143758,122417],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[33,143761,87187],{},[14,143763,143764,143765,303],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[294,143766,143767],{"href":87840},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[21,143769,143771],{"id":143770},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[14,143773,143774,143775,303],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[33,143776,143777],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[14,143779,143780],{},"Python will:",[246,143782,143783,143786,143789],{},[249,143784,143785],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[249,143787,143788],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[249,143790,143791],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[14,143793,2257],{},[26,143795,143797],{"className":28,"code":143796,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[33,143798,143799,143812],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,143800,143801,143803,143805,143807,143810],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,143802,34722],{"class":42},[36,143804,47],{"class":46},[36,143806,99],{"class":87},[36,143808,143809],{"class":91},"??hello!!",[36,143811,3403],{"class":87},[36,143813,143814,143816,143818,143820,143822,143824,143826,143828,143830,143832],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,143815,142],{"class":141},[36,143817,145],{"class":50},[36,143819,34743],{"class":148},[36,143821,303],{"class":50},[36,143823,8671],{"class":148},[36,143825,145],{"class":50},[36,143827,88],{"class":87},[36,143829,143472],{"class":91},[36,143831,88],{"class":87},[36,143833,445],{"class":50},[14,143835,182],{},[26,143837,143838],{"className":28,"code":138518,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,143839,143840],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,143841,143842],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,143843,138518],{"class":42},[14,143845,1231],{},[26,143847,143849],{"className":28,"code":143848,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[33,143850,143851,143864],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,143852,143853,143855,143857,143859,143862],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,143854,34722],{"class":42},[36,143856,47],{"class":46},[36,143858,99],{"class":87},[36,143860,143861],{"class":91},"abcHelloCba",[36,143863,3403],{"class":87},[36,143865,143866,143868,143870,143872,143874,143876,143878,143880,143882,143884],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,143867,142],{"class":141},[36,143869,145],{"class":50},[36,143871,34743],{"class":148},[36,143873,303],{"class":50},[36,143875,8671],{"class":148},[36,143877,145],{"class":50},[36,143879,88],{"class":87},[36,143881,41597],{"class":91},[36,143883,88],{"class":87},[36,143885,445],{"class":50},[14,143887,182],{},[26,143889,143891],{"className":28,"code":143890,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"HelloC\n",[33,143892,143893],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,143894,143895],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,143896,143890],{"class":42},[14,143898,6275],{},[14,143900,143901,14086,143904,143906,143907,143909,143910,2238,143912,2242,143914,143916],{},[33,143902,143903],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[180,143905,870],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[33,143908,41597],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[33,143911,294],{},[33,143913,1707],{},[33,143915,9770],{}," characters from both ends”.",[14,143918,143919],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[14,143921,143922,143923,1524],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[294,143924,143925],{"href":129784},[33,143926,124374],{},[21,143928,143930,10615,143932,10615,143935],{"id":143929},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[33,143931,41690],{},[33,143933,143934],{},"lstrip()",[33,143936,143937],{},"rstrip()",[14,143939,143940],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[246,143942,143943,143948,143953],{},[249,143944,143945,143947],{},[33,143946,41690],{}," removes from both ends",[249,143949,143950,143952],{},[33,143951,143934],{}," removes from the left side only",[249,143954,143955,143957],{},[33,143956,143937],{}," removes from the right side only",[14,143959,2257],{},[26,143961,143963],{"className":28,"code":143962,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[33,143964,143965,143977,143981,143999,144018],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,143966,143967,143969,143971,143973,143975],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,143968,34722],{"class":42},[36,143970,47],{"class":46},[36,143972,99],{"class":87},[36,143974,143210],{"class":91},[36,143976,3403],{"class":87},[36,143978,143979],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,143980,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,143982,143983,143985,143987,143989,143991,143993,143995,143997],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,143984,142],{"class":141},[36,143986,145],{"class":50},[36,143988,41816],{"class":141},[36,143990,145],{"class":50},[36,143992,34743],{"class":148},[36,143994,303],{"class":50},[36,143996,8671],{"class":148},[36,143998,6329],{"class":50},[36,144000,144001,144003,144005,144007,144009,144011,144013,144016],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,144002,142],{"class":141},[36,144004,145],{"class":50},[36,144006,41816],{"class":141},[36,144008,145],{"class":50},[36,144010,34743],{"class":148},[36,144012,303],{"class":50},[36,144014,144015],{"class":148},"lstrip",[36,144017,6329],{"class":50},[36,144019,144020,144022,144024,144026,144028,144030,144032,144035],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,144021,142],{"class":141},[36,144023,145],{"class":50},[36,144025,41816],{"class":141},[36,144027,145],{"class":50},[36,144029,34743],{"class":148},[36,144031,303],{"class":50},[36,144033,144034],{"class":148},"rstrip",[36,144036,6329],{"class":50},[14,144038,182],{},[26,144040,144042],{"className":28,"code":144041,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[33,144043,144044,144052,144061],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,144045,144046,144048,144050],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,144047,211],{"class":43366},[36,144049,708],{"class":43370},[36,144051,1228],{"class":43366},[36,144053,144054,144056,144059],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,144055,211],{"class":43366},[36,144057,144058],{"class":43370},"hello  ",[36,144060,1228],{"class":43366},[36,144062,144063,144065,144068],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,144064,211],{"class":43366},[36,144066,144067],{"class":43370},"  hello",[36,144069,1228],{"class":43366},[14,144071,144072],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[21,144074,108211],{"id":108210},[14,144076,144077],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[246,144079,144080,144088,144098,144101],{},[249,144081,144082,144084,144085,144087],{},[33,144083,143903],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[33,144086,41566],{}," once",[249,144089,144090,144091,2238,144093,2242,144095,144097],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[33,144092,294],{},[33,144094,1707],{},[33,144096,9770],{}," from both ends",[249,144099,144100],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[249,144102,144103],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[14,144105,2257],{},[26,144107,144109],{"className":28,"code":144108,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[33,144110,144111,144124],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,144112,144113,144115,144117,144119,144122],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,144114,126286],{"class":42},[36,144116,47],{"class":46},[36,144118,99],{"class":87},[36,144120,144121],{"class":91},"txt_report.txt",[36,144123,3403],{"class":87},[36,144125,144126,144128,144130,144132,144134,144136,144138,144140,144142,144144],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,144127,142],{"class":141},[36,144129,145],{"class":50},[36,144131,126304],{"class":148},[36,144133,303],{"class":50},[36,144135,8671],{"class":148},[36,144137,145],{"class":50},[36,144139,88],{"class":87},[36,144141,126339],{"class":91},[36,144143,88],{"class":87},[36,144145,445],{"class":50},[14,144147,182],{},[26,144149,144151],{"className":28,"code":144150,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"_report\n",[33,144152,144153],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,144154,144155],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,144156,144150],{"class":42},[14,144158,144159,144160,2238,144162,2242,144164,144166],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[33,144161,303],{},[33,144163,63322],{},[33,144165,2222],{}," characters from both ends.",[14,144168,53692,144169,4822,144172,144174],{},[33,144170,144171],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[180,144173,870],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[14,144176,144177,144178,144182],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[294,144179,144180],{"href":129784},[33,144181,124374],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[21,144184,5000,144186],{"id":144185},"when-to-use-strip",[33,144187,41690],{},[14,144189,495,144190,144192],{},[33,144191,41690],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[14,144194,36460],{},[246,144196,144197,144201,144203,144206],{},[249,144198,143519,144199,3927],{},[33,144200,3007],{},[249,144202,143524],{},[249,144204,144205],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[249,144207,144208],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[14,144210,2257],{},[26,144212,144214],{"className":28,"code":144213,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[33,144215,144216,144230,144234,144247],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,144217,144218,144221,144223,144225,144228],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,144219,144220],{"class":42},"email ",[36,144222,47],{"class":46},[36,144224,99],{"class":87},[36,144226,144227],{"class":91},"  user@example.com  ",[36,144229,3403],{"class":87},[36,144231,144232],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,144233,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,144235,144236,144238,144241,144243,144245],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,144237,7037],{"class":3917},[36,144239,144240],{"class":42}," email",[36,144242,303],{"class":50},[36,144244,8671],{"class":148},[36,144246,21627],{"class":50},[36,144248,144249,144251,144253,144255,144258,144260],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,144250,8105],{"class":141},[36,144252,145],{"class":50},[36,144254,88],{"class":87},[36,144256,144257],{"class":91},"Email was entered",[36,144259,88],{"class":87},[36,144261,152],{"class":50},[14,144263,182],{},[26,144265,144267],{"className":28,"code":144266,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Email was entered\n",[33,144268,144269],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,144270,144271],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,144272,144266],{"class":42},[14,144274,144275,144276,144278,144279,303],{},"You may also combine ",[33,144277,41690],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[294,144280,144281],{"href":123930},[33,144282,123933],{},[21,144284,1455],{"id":1454},[14,144286,84274],{},[246,144288,144289,144293,144298,144303],{},[249,144290,8489,144291,131423],{},[33,144292,41690],{},[249,144294,8489,144295,144297],{},[33,144296,41690],{}," to remove text from the middle",[249,144299,1462,144300,144302],{},[33,144301,144171],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[249,144304,4743,144305,144308],{},[33,144306,144307],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[14,144310,144311],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[26,144313,144315],{"className":28,"code":144314,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[33,144316,144317,144331,144335,144345,144359,144373],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,144318,144319,144321,144323,144325,144327,144329],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,144320,34722],{"class":42},[36,144322,47],{"class":46},[36,144324,99],{"class":87},[36,144326,144067],{"class":91},[36,144328,87187],{"class":34487},[36,144330,3403],{"class":87},[36,144332,144333],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,144334,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,144336,144337,144339,144341,144343],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,144338,142],{"class":141},[36,144340,145],{"class":50},[36,144342,34743],{"class":148},[36,144344,152],{"class":50},[36,144346,144347,144349,144351,144353,144355,144357],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,144348,142],{"class":141},[36,144350,145],{"class":50},[36,144352,41816],{"class":141},[36,144354,145],{"class":50},[36,144356,34743],{"class":148},[36,144358,445],{"class":50},[36,144360,144361,144363,144365,144367,144369,144371],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,144362,142],{"class":141},[36,144364,145],{"class":50},[36,144366,34743],{"class":148},[36,144368,303],{"class":50},[36,144370,8671],{"class":148},[36,144372,1847],{"class":50},[36,144374,144375,144377,144379,144381,144383,144385,144387,144389],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,144376,142],{"class":141},[36,144378,145],{"class":50},[36,144380,41816],{"class":141},[36,144382,145],{"class":50},[36,144384,34743],{"class":148},[36,144386,303],{"class":50},[36,144388,8671],{"class":148},[36,144390,6329],{"class":50},[14,144392,182],{},[26,144394,144396],{"className":28,"code":144395,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[33,144397,144398,144403,144407,144417,144421],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,144399,144400],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,144401,144402],{"class":42},"  hello\n",[36,144404,144405],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,144406,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,144408,144409,144411,144413,144415],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,144410,211],{"class":43366},[36,144412,144067],{"class":43370},[36,144414,87187],{"class":143744},[36,144416,1228],{"class":43366},[36,144418,144419],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,144420,138518],{"class":42},[36,144422,144423,144425,144427],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,144424,211],{"class":43366},[36,144426,708],{"class":43370},[36,144428,1228],{"class":43366},[14,144430,144431],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[26,144433,144435],{"className":28,"code":144434,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[33,144436,144437,144447,144461,144475,144493],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,144438,144439,144441,144443,144445],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,144440,142],{"class":141},[36,144442,145],{"class":50},[36,144444,34743],{"class":148},[36,144446,152],{"class":50},[36,144448,144449,144451,144453,144455,144457,144459],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,144450,142],{"class":141},[36,144452,145],{"class":50},[36,144454,41816],{"class":141},[36,144456,145],{"class":50},[36,144458,34743],{"class":148},[36,144460,445],{"class":50},[36,144462,144463,144465,144467,144469,144471,144473],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,144464,142],{"class":141},[36,144466,145],{"class":50},[36,144468,34743],{"class":148},[36,144470,303],{"class":50},[36,144472,8671],{"class":148},[36,144474,1847],{"class":50},[36,144476,144477,144479,144481,144483,144485,144487,144489,144491],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,144478,142],{"class":141},[36,144480,145],{"class":50},[36,144482,41816],{"class":141},[36,144484,145],{"class":50},[36,144486,34743],{"class":148},[36,144488,303],{"class":50},[36,144490,8671],{"class":148},[36,144492,6329],{"class":50},[36,144494,144495,144497,144499,144501,144503,144505],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,144496,32186],{"class":141},[36,144498,145],{"class":50},[36,144500,3488],{"class":80},[36,144502,303],{"class":50},[36,144504,8671],{"class":24783},[36,144506,152],{"class":50},[14,144508,144509,144511],{},[33,144510,122417],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[21,144513,1872],{"id":1871},[376,144515,12735,144517,144519],{"id":144516},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[33,144518,41690],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[14,144521,46403,144522,144524],{},[33,144523,41690],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[376,144526,12735,144528,124530],{"id":144527},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[33,144529,41690],{},[14,144531,144532],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[376,144534,5182,144536,144538],{"id":144535},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[33,144537,41690],{}," remove by default?",[14,144540,144541],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[376,144543,34239,144545,34242,144547,2541],{"id":144544},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[33,144546,41690],{},[33,144548,124374],{},[14,144550,144551,144553,144554,144556],{},[33,144552,41690],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[33,144555,124374],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[376,144558,144560],{"id":144559},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[14,144562,128076,144563,144565,144566,144568],{},[33,144564,143934],{}," for the left side and ",[33,144567,143937],{}," for the right side.",[21,144570,1923],{"id":1922},[246,144572,144573,144579,144585,144590,144595],{},[249,144574,144575],{},[294,144576,126203,144577,1939],{"href":123930},[33,144578,123933],{},[249,144580,144581],{},[294,144582,126203,144583,1939],{"href":129784},[33,144584,124374],{},[249,144586,144587],{},[294,144588,144589],{"href":143671},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[249,144591,144592],{},[294,144593,144594],{"href":87840},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[249,144596,144597],{},[294,144598,124958],{"href":51014},[1962,144600,144601],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":144603},[144604,144605,144607,144611,144613,144614,144616,144617,144619,144620,144631],{"id":23,"depth":72,"text":24},{"id":143256,"depth":72,"text":144606},"What strip() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205,"children":144608},[144609,144610],{"id":143379,"depth":118,"text":143371},{"id":143430,"depth":118,"text":143376},{"id":143504,"depth":72,"text":144612},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143770,"depth":72,"text":143771},{"id":143929,"depth":72,"text":144615},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108210,"depth":72,"text":108211},{"id":144185,"depth":72,"text":144618},"When to use strip()",{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":144621},[144622,144624,144626,144628,144630],{"id":144516,"depth":118,"text":144623},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144527,"depth":118,"text":144625},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144535,"depth":118,"text":144627},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144544,"depth":118,"text":144629},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144559,"depth":118,"text":144560},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143177,"description":144632},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144639,"title":144640,"body":144641,"description":145821,"extension":2009,"meta":145822,"navigation":134,"path":145823,"seo":145824,"stem":145825,"__hash__":145826},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144642,"toc":145791},[144643,144648,144653,144658,144660,144706,144714,144719,144733,144739,144741,144743,144758,144760,144770,144773,144804,144807,144830,144832,144835,144892,144894,144908,144910,144924,144930,144935,144938,144979,144981,144990,144998,145001,145046,145048,145057,145060,145064,145069,145083,145085,145117,145119,145139,145142,145147,145152,145154,145165,145168,145225,145227,145235,145244,145246,145248,145254,145256,145293,145295,145303,145305,145346,145348,145357,145362,145367,145369,145396,145403,145406,145437,145439,145448,145454,145463,145494,145496,145508,145521,145525,145530,145560,145562,145629,145631,145641,145643,145648,145651,145656,145661,145665,145671,145677,145680,145682,145740,145742,145750,145752,145788],[10,144644,123203,144646,11352],{"id":144645},"python-string-upper-method",[33,144647,128081],{},[14,144649,123208,144650,144652],{},[33,144651,128081],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[14,144654,84651,144655,144657],{},[33,144656,128081],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[21,144659,2051],{"id":2050},[26,144661,144663],{"className":28,"code":144662,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[33,144664,144665,144677,144691,144701],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,144666,144667,144669,144671,144673,144675],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,144668,34722],{"class":42},[36,144670,47],{"class":46},[36,144672,99],{"class":87},[36,144674,128922],{"class":91},[36,144676,3403],{"class":87},[36,144678,144679,144681,144683,144685,144687,144689],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,144680,2280],{"class":42},[36,144682,47],{"class":46},[36,144684,42879],{"class":42},[36,144686,303],{"class":50},[36,144688,34512],{"class":148},[36,144690,128],{"class":50},[36,144692,144693,144695,144697,144699],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,144694,142],{"class":141},[36,144696,145],{"class":50},[36,144698,2315],{"class":148},[36,144700,152],{"class":50},[36,144702,144703],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,144704,144705],{"class":1617},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[14,144707,144708,144710,144711,144713],{},[33,144709,128081],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[180,144712,870],{}," change the original string in place.",[21,144715,3720,144717,3723],{"id":144716},"what-upper-does",[33,144718,128081],{},[246,144720,144721,144726,144729,144731],{},[249,144722,144723,144725],{},[33,144724,128081],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[249,144727,144728],{},"It works on string values only",[249,144730,133451],{},[249,144732,136169],{},[14,144734,124955,144735,298,144737,303],{},[294,144736,136175],{"href":136174},[294,144738,124958],{"href":51014},[21,144740,2205],{"id":2204},[14,144742,2208],{},[26,144744,144746],{"className":28,"code":144745,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"string.upper()\n",[33,144747,144748],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,144749,144750,144752,144754,144756],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,144751,61209],{"class":42},[36,144753,303],{"class":50},[36,144755,34512],{"class":148},[36,144757,128],{"class":50},[14,144759,11488],{},[246,144761,144762,144764,144767],{},[249,144763,97547],{},[249,144765,144766],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[249,144768,144769],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[14,144771,144772],{},"Example with a variable:",[26,144774,144776],{"className":28,"code":144775,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[33,144777,144778,144790],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,144779,144780,144782,144784,144786,144788],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,144781,7912],{"class":42},[36,144783,47],{"class":46},[36,144785,99],{"class":87},[36,144787,30],{"class":91},[36,144789,3403],{"class":87},[36,144791,144792,144794,144796,144798,144800,144802],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,144793,142],{"class":141},[36,144795,145],{"class":50},[36,144797,1250],{"class":148},[36,144799,303],{"class":50},[36,144801,34512],{"class":148},[36,144803,1847],{"class":50},[14,144805,144806],{},"Example with a string literal:",[26,144808,144810],{"className":28,"code":144809,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[33,144811,144812],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,144813,144814,144816,144818,144820,144822,144824,144826,144828],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,144815,142],{"class":141},[36,144817,145],{"class":50},[36,144819,88],{"class":87},[36,144821,708],{"class":91},[36,144823,88],{"class":87},[36,144825,303],{"class":50},[36,144827,34512],{"class":148},[36,144829,1847],{"class":50},[21,144831,11505],{"id":11504},[14,144833,144834],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[26,144836,144838],{"className":28,"code":144837,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[33,144839,144840,144852,144867,144871,144881],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,144841,144842,144844,144846,144848,144850],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,144843,6194],{"class":42},[36,144845,47],{"class":46},[36,144847,99],{"class":87},[36,144849,102],{"class":91},[36,144851,3403],{"class":87},[36,144853,144854,144857,144859,144861,144863,144865],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,144855,144856],{"class":42},"uppercase_word ",[36,144858,47],{"class":46},[36,144860,38417],{"class":42},[36,144862,303],{"class":50},[36,144864,34512],{"class":148},[36,144866,128],{"class":50},[36,144868,144869],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,144870,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,144872,144873,144875,144877,144879],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,144874,142],{"class":141},[36,144876,145],{"class":50},[36,144878,38427],{"class":148},[36,144880,152],{"class":50},[36,144882,144883,144885,144887,144890],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,144884,142],{"class":141},[36,144886,145],{"class":50},[36,144888,144889],{"class":148},"uppercase_word",[36,144891,152],{"class":50},[14,144893,182],{},[26,144895,144897],{"className":28,"code":144896,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"banana\nBANANA\n",[33,144898,144899,144903],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,144900,144901],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,144902,70442],{"class":42},[36,144904,144905],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,144906,144907],{"class":34487},"BANANA\n",[14,144909,112317],{},[246,144911,144912,144917],{},[249,144913,144914,144916],{},[33,144915,38427],{}," keeps its original value",[249,144918,144919,144921,144922],{},[33,144920,144889],{}," stores the returned value from ",[33,144923,128081],{},[21,144925,144927,144929],{"id":144926},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[33,144928,128081],{}," does not change the original string",[14,144931,136835,144932,144934],{},[180,144933,136838],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[14,144936,144937],{},"So this method:",[26,144939,144941],{"className":28,"code":144940,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[33,144942,144943,144955,144965,144969],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,144944,144945,144947,144949,144951,144953],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,144946,7912],{"class":42},[36,144948,47],{"class":46},[36,144950,99],{"class":87},[36,144952,17834],{"class":91},[36,144954,3403],{"class":87},[36,144956,144957,144959,144961,144963],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,144958,1250],{"class":42},[36,144960,303],{"class":50},[36,144962,34512],{"class":148},[36,144964,128],{"class":50},[36,144966,144967],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,144968,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,144970,144971,144973,144975,144977],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,144972,142],{"class":141},[36,144974,145],{"class":50},[36,144976,1250],{"class":148},[36,144978,152],{"class":50},[14,144980,182],{},[26,144982,144984],{"className":28,"code":144983,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"alice\n",[33,144985,144986],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,144987,144988],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,144989,144983],{"class":42},[14,144991,478,144992,144994,144995,144997],{},[33,144993,128081],{}," was called, ",[33,144996,1250],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[14,144999,145000],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[26,145002,145004],{"className":28,"code":145003,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[33,145005,145006,145018,145032,145036],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,145007,145008,145010,145012,145014,145016],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,145009,7912],{"class":42},[36,145011,47],{"class":46},[36,145013,99],{"class":87},[36,145015,17834],{"class":91},[36,145017,3403],{"class":87},[36,145019,145020,145022,145024,145026,145028,145030],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,145021,7912],{"class":42},[36,145023,47],{"class":46},[36,145025,36028],{"class":42},[36,145027,303],{"class":50},[36,145029,34512],{"class":148},[36,145031,128],{"class":50},[36,145033,145034],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,145035,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,145037,145038,145040,145042,145044],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,145039,142],{"class":141},[36,145041,145],{"class":50},[36,145043,1250],{"class":148},[36,145045,152],{"class":50},[14,145047,182],{},[26,145049,145051],{"className":28,"code":145050,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"ALICE\n",[33,145052,145053],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,145054,145055],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,145056,145050],{"class":34487},[14,145058,145059],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[21,145061,145063],{"id":145062},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[14,145065,145066,145068],{},[33,145067,128081],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[246,145070,145071,145074,145077,145080],{},[249,145072,145073],{},"Numbers stay the same",[249,145075,145076],{},"Spaces stay the same",[249,145078,145079],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[249,145081,145082],{},"Only letters are changed",[14,145084,2257],{},[26,145086,145088],{"className":28,"code":145087,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[33,145089,145090,145103],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,145091,145092,145094,145096,145098,145101],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,145093,34722],{"class":42},[36,145095,47],{"class":46},[36,145097,99],{"class":87},[36,145099,145100],{"class":91},"Room 7, table #3!",[36,145102,3403],{"class":87},[36,145104,145105,145107,145109,145111,145113,145115],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,145106,142],{"class":141},[36,145108,145],{"class":50},[36,145110,34743],{"class":148},[36,145112,303],{"class":50},[36,145114,34512],{"class":148},[36,145116,1847],{"class":50},[14,145118,182],{},[26,145120,145122],{"className":28,"code":145121,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[33,145123,145124],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,145125,145126,145129,145131,145133,145136],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,145127,145128],{"class":34487},"ROOM",[36,145130,6033],{"class":54},[36,145132,58],{"class":50},[36,145134,145135],{"class":34487}," TABLE",[36,145137,145138],{"class":1617}," #3!\n",[14,145140,145141],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[21,145143,5000,145145],{"id":145144},"when-to-use-upper",[33,145146,128081],{},[14,145148,145149,145151],{},[33,145150,128081],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[14,145153,48377],{},[246,145155,145156,145159,145162],{},[249,145157,145158],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[249,145160,145161],{},"Format labels or headings",[249,145163,145164],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[14,145166,145167],{},"Example: simple comparison",[26,145169,145171],{"className":28,"code":145170,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[33,145172,145173,145185,145189,145211],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,145174,145175,145177,145179,145181,145183],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,145176,136446],{"class":42},[36,145178,47],{"class":46},[36,145180,99],{"class":87},[36,145182,8694],{"class":91},[36,145184,3403],{"class":87},[36,145186,145187],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,145188,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,145190,145191,145193,145195,145197,145199,145201,145203,145205,145207,145209],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,145192,7037],{"class":3917},[36,145194,136466],{"class":42},[36,145196,303],{"class":50},[36,145198,34512],{"class":148},[36,145200,7405],{"class":50},[36,145202,6448],{"class":46},[36,145204,99],{"class":87},[36,145206,136453],{"class":91},[36,145208,88],{"class":87},[36,145210,6433],{"class":50},[36,145212,145213,145215,145217,145219,145221,145223],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,145214,8105],{"class":141},[36,145216,145],{"class":50},[36,145218,88],{"class":87},[36,145220,143650],{"class":91},[36,145222,88],{"class":87},[36,145224,152],{"class":50},[14,145226,182],{},[26,145228,145229],{"className":28,"code":143659,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,145230,145231],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,145232,145233],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,145234,143659],{"class":42},[14,145236,145237,145238,2238,145240,2242,145242,303],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[33,145239,8694],{},[33,145241,137239],{},[33,145243,136453],{},[21,145245,1455],{"id":1454},[376,145247,95921],{"id":95920},[14,145249,8152,145250,145253],{},[33,145251,145252],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[14,145255,16673],{},[26,145257,145259],{"className":28,"code":145258,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[33,145260,145261,145273,145283],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,145262,145263,145265,145267,145269,145271],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,145264,34722],{"class":42},[36,145266,47],{"class":46},[36,145268,99],{"class":87},[36,145270,708],{"class":91},[36,145272,3403],{"class":87},[36,145274,145275,145277,145279,145281],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,145276,34743],{"class":42},[36,145278,303],{"class":50},[36,145280,34512],{"class":148},[36,145282,128],{"class":50},[36,145284,145285,145287,145289,145291],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,145286,142],{"class":141},[36,145288,145],{"class":50},[36,145290,34743],{"class":148},[36,145292,152],{"class":50},[14,145294,182],{},[26,145296,145297],{"className":28,"code":138518,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,145298,145299],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,145300,145301],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,145302,138518],{"class":42},[14,145304,16685],{},[26,145306,145308],{"className":28,"code":145307,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[33,145309,145310,145322,145336],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,145311,145312,145314,145316,145318,145320],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,145313,34722],{"class":42},[36,145315,47],{"class":46},[36,145317,99],{"class":87},[36,145319,708],{"class":91},[36,145321,3403],{"class":87},[36,145323,145324,145326,145328,145330,145332,145334],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,145325,34722],{"class":42},[36,145327,47],{"class":46},[36,145329,42879],{"class":42},[36,145331,303],{"class":50},[36,145333,34512],{"class":148},[36,145335,128],{"class":50},[36,145337,145338,145340,145342,145344],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,145339,142],{"class":141},[36,145341,145],{"class":50},[36,145343,34743],{"class":148},[36,145345,152],{"class":50},[14,145347,182],{},[26,145349,145351],{"className":28,"code":145350,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"HELLO\n",[33,145352,145353],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,145354,145355],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,145356,145350],{"class":34487},[376,145358,18939,145360,137125],{"id":145359},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[33,145361,128081],{},[14,145363,145364,145366],{},[33,145365,128081],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[14,145368,2257],{},[26,145370,145372],{"className":28,"code":145371,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[33,145373,145374,145382],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,145375,145376,145378,145380],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,145377,2267],{"class":42},[36,145379,47],{"class":46},[36,145381,124885],{"class":54},[36,145383,145384,145386,145388,145390,145392,145394],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,145385,142],{"class":141},[36,145387,145],{"class":50},[36,145389,2290],{"class":148},[36,145391,303],{"class":50},[36,145393,34512],{"class":148},[36,145395,1847],{"class":50},[14,145397,39690,145398,145400,145401,33634],{},[33,145399,2237],{}," objects do not have an ",[33,145402,128081],{},[14,145404,145405],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[26,145407,145409],{"className":28,"code":145408,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[33,145410,145411,145419],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,145412,145413,145415,145417],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,145414,2267],{"class":42},[36,145416,47],{"class":46},[36,145418,124885],{"class":54},[36,145420,145421,145423,145425,145427,145429,145431,145433,145435],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,145422,142],{"class":141},[36,145424,145],{"class":50},[36,145426,3488],{"class":80},[36,145428,145],{"class":50},[36,145430,2290],{"class":148},[36,145432,8668],{"class":50},[36,145434,34512],{"class":148},[36,145436,1847],{"class":50},[14,145438,182],{},[26,145440,145442],{"className":28,"code":145441,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"123\n",[33,145443,145444],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,145445,145446],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,145447,145441],{"class":54},[376,145449,37239,145451,145453],{"id":145450},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[33,145452,128081],{}," with title case",[14,145455,145456,145458,145459,145462],{},[33,145457,128081],{}," makes ",[180,145460,145461],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[26,145464,145466],{"className":28,"code":145465,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[33,145467,145468,145480],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,145469,145470,145472,145474,145476,145478],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,145471,34722],{"class":42},[36,145473,47],{"class":46},[36,145475,99],{"class":87},[36,145477,60445],{"class":91},[36,145479,3403],{"class":87},[36,145481,145482,145484,145486,145488,145490,145492],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,145483,142],{"class":141},[36,145485,145],{"class":50},[36,145487,34743],{"class":148},[36,145489,303],{"class":50},[36,145491,34512],{"class":148},[36,145493,1847],{"class":50},[14,145495,182],{},[26,145497,145499],{"className":28,"code":145498,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"HELLO WORLD\n",[33,145500,145501],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,145502,145503,145505],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,145504,136227],{"class":34487},[36,145506,145507],{"class":34487}," WORLD\n",[14,145509,145510,145511,145515,145516,145520],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[294,145512,145513],{"href":123930},[33,145514,123933],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[294,145517,145518],{"href":129784},[33,145519,124374],{}," changes parts of a string.",[21,145522,145524],{"id":145523},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[14,145526,145527,145528,1213],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[33,145529,128081],{},[246,145531,145532,145539,145546,145553],{},[249,145533,145534,145538],{},[294,145535,145536],{"href":123930},[33,145537,123933],{}," for lowercase text",[249,145540,145541,145545],{},[294,145542,145543],{"href":136773},[33,145544,41690],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[249,145547,145548,145552],{},[294,145549,145550],{"href":129784},[33,145551,124374],{}," for changing parts of a string",[249,145554,145555,482,145557,145559],{},[33,145556,127571],{},[33,145558,126261],{}," for checks",[14,145561,2257],{},[26,145563,145565],{"className":28,"code":145564,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[33,145566,145567,145579,145583,145598,145614,145618],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,145568,145569,145571,145573,145575,145577],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,145570,34722],{"class":42},[36,145572,47],{"class":46},[36,145574,99],{"class":87},[36,145576,143301],{"class":91},[36,145578,3403],{"class":87},[36,145580,145581],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,145582,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,145584,145585,145588,145590,145592,145594,145596],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,145586,145587],{"class":42},"cleaned ",[36,145589,47],{"class":46},[36,145591,42879],{"class":42},[36,145593,303],{"class":50},[36,145595,8671],{"class":148},[36,145597,128],{"class":50},[36,145599,145600,145603,145605,145608,145610,145612],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,145601,145602],{"class":42},"loud ",[36,145604,47],{"class":46},[36,145606,145607],{"class":42}," cleaned",[36,145609,303],{"class":50},[36,145611,34512],{"class":148},[36,145613,128],{"class":50},[36,145615,145616],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,145617,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,145619,145620,145622,145624,145627],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,145621,142],{"class":141},[36,145623,145],{"class":50},[36,145625,145626],{"class":148},"loud",[36,145628,152],{"class":50},[14,145630,182],{},[26,145632,145633],{"className":28,"code":145498,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,145634,145635],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,145636,145637,145639],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,145638,136227],{"class":34487},[36,145640,145507],{"class":34487},[21,145642,1872],{"id":1871},[376,145644,12735,145646,124530],{"id":145645},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[33,145647,128081],{},[14,145649,145650],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[376,145652,12735,145654,137507],{"id":145653},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[33,145655,128081],{},[14,145657,145658,145659,303],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[33,145660,145252],{},[376,145662,145664],{"id":145663},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[14,145666,145667,145668,145670],{},"They stay the same. ",[33,145669,128081],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[376,145672,28363,145674,145676],{"id":145673},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[33,145675,128081],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[14,145678,145679],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[14,145681,2257],{},[26,145683,145685],{"className":28,"code":145684,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[33,145686,145687,145699,145712,145716],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,145688,145689,145691,145693,145695,145697],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,145690,2604],{"class":42},[36,145692,47],{"class":46},[36,145694,99],{"class":87},[36,145696,30],{"class":91},[36,145698,3403],{"class":87},[36,145700,145701,145703,145705,145707,145710],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,145702,2632],{"class":42},[36,145704,47],{"class":46},[36,145706,99],{"class":87},[36,145708,145709],{"class":91},"PYTHON",[36,145711,3403],{"class":87},[36,145713,145714],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,145715,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,145717,145718,145720,145722,145724,145726,145728,145730,145732,145734,145736,145738],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,145719,142],{"class":141},[36,145721,145],{"class":50},[36,145723,294],{"class":148},[36,145725,303],{"class":50},[36,145727,34512],{"class":148},[36,145729,7405],{"class":50},[36,145731,6448],{"class":46},[36,145733,2609],{"class":148},[36,145735,303],{"class":50},[36,145737,34512],{"class":148},[36,145739,1847],{"class":50},[14,145741,182],{},[26,145743,145744],{"className":28,"code":4020,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,145745,145746],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,145747,145748],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,145749,4020],{"class":1143},[21,145751,1923],{"id":1922},[246,145753,145754,145758,145764,145770,145776,145780,145784],{},[249,145755,145756],{},[294,145757,124958],{"href":51014},[249,145759,145760],{},[294,145761,126203,145762,1939],{"href":123930},[33,145763,123933],{},[249,145765,145766],{},[294,145767,126203,145768,1939],{"href":136773},[33,145769,41690],{},[249,145771,145772],{},[294,145773,126203,145774,1939],{"href":129784},[33,145775,124374],{},[249,145777,145778],{},[294,145779,90717],{"href":89726},[249,145781,145782],{},[294,145783,124602],{"href":123458},[249,145785,145786],{},[294,145787,137593],{"href":136174},[1962,145789,145790],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":145792},[145793,145794,145796,145797,145798,145800,145801,145803,145810,145811,145820],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":144716,"depth":72,"text":145795},"What upper() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":11504,"depth":72,"text":11505},{"id":144926,"depth":72,"text":145799},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145062,"depth":72,"text":145063},{"id":145144,"depth":72,"text":145802},"When to use upper()",{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455,"children":145804},[145805,145806,145808],{"id":95920,"depth":118,"text":95921},{"id":145359,"depth":118,"text":145807},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145450,"depth":118,"text":145809},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145523,"depth":72,"text":145524},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":145812},[145813,145815,145817,145818],{"id":145645,"depth":118,"text":145814},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145653,"depth":118,"text":145816},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145663,"depth":118,"text":145664},{"id":145673,"depth":118,"text":145819},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144640,"description":145821},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145828,"title":145829,"body":145830,"description":147707,"extension":2009,"meta":147708,"navigation":134,"path":147709,"seo":147710,"stem":147711,"__hash__":147712},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145831,"toc":147657},[145832,145838,145845,145851,145853,145909,145914,145919,145924,145927,145946,145949,145951,145975,145993,146004,146006,146009,146062,146064,146072,146074,146092,146097,146100,146157,146159,146168,146171,146191,146194,146200,146205,146207,146250,146252,146260,146263,146304,146306,146315,146321,146327,146354,146356,146364,146369,146373,146385,146428,146430,146438,146443,146449,146454,146458,146460,146503,146506,146553,146555,146564,146571,146575,146578,146624,146629,146633,146635,146678,146681,146689,146691,146696,146698,146700,146719,146722,146734,146736,146755,146757,146765,146769,146771,146822,146825,146900,146902,146910,146913,146917,146919,146966,146969,147040,147042,147050,147056,147058,147133,147137,147216,147218,147226,147232,147238,147243,147248,147297,147301,147372,147375,147380,147391,147394,147405,147415,147417,147422,147447,147452,147533,147535,147560,147562,147567,147570,147576,147585,147591,147594,147600,147606,147613,147616,147618,147654],[10,145833,1935,145835,3624],{"id":145834},"python-sum-function-explained",[33,145836,145837],{},"sum()",[14,145839,9157,145840,145842,145843,24797],{},[33,145841,145837],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[33,145844,60037],{},[14,145846,145847,145848,145850],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[33,145849,36109],{}," value and a few important limits.",[21,145852,2051],{"id":2050},[26,145854,145856],{"className":28,"code":145855,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[33,145857,145858,145882,145897],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,145859,145860,145862,145864,145866,145868,145870,145872,145874,145876,145878,145880],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,145861,43],{"class":42},[36,145863,47],{"class":46},[36,145865,1333],{"class":50},[36,145867,55],{"class":54},[36,145869,58],{"class":50},[36,145871,61],{"class":54},[36,145873,58],{"class":50},[36,145875,66],{"class":54},[36,145877,58],{"class":50},[36,145879,559],{"class":54},[36,145881,1355],{"class":50},[36,145883,145884,145886,145888,145891,145893,145895],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,145885,41219],{"class":42},[36,145887,47],{"class":46},[36,145889,145890],{"class":141}," sum",[36,145892,145],{"class":50},[36,145894,149],{"class":148},[36,145896,152],{"class":50},[36,145898,145899,145901,145903,145905,145907],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,145900,142],{"class":141},[36,145902,145],{"class":50},[36,145904,41248],{"class":148},[36,145906,3703],{"class":50},[36,145908,26829],{"class":1617},[14,145910,495,145911,145913],{},[33,145912,145837],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[21,145915,3720,145917,3723],{"id":145916},"what-sum-does",[33,145918,145837],{},[14,145920,145921,145923],{},[33,145922,145837],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[14,145925,145926],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[246,145928,145929,145932,145935,145940],{},[249,145930,145931],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[249,145933,145934],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[249,145936,145937,145938],{},"Adding numbers from ",[33,145939,517],{},[249,145941,145942,145943,145945],{},"Counting ",[33,145944,3649],{}," values in a list of booleans",[14,145947,145948],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[21,145950,2205],{"id":2204},[26,145952,145954],{"className":28,"code":145953,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[33,145955,145956],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,145957,145958,145961,145963,145965,145967,145969,145971,145973],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,145959,145960],{"class":141},"sum",[36,145962,145],{"class":50},[36,145964,3764],{"class":148},[36,145966,58],{"class":50},[36,145968,36088],{"class":9210},[36,145970,47],{"class":46},[36,145972,2166],{"class":54},[36,145974,152],{"class":50},[246,145976,145977,145982,145987],{},[249,145978,145979,145981],{},[33,145980,3764],{}," is the group of values to add",[249,145983,145984,145986],{},[33,145985,36109],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[249,145988,145989,145990],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[33,145991,145992],{},"sum(iterable)",[14,145994,145995,145996,145999,146000,303],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145997,145998,3764],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[294,146001,146002,24650],{"href":36230},[33,146003,517],{},[21,146005,11505],{"id":11504},[14,146007,146008],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[26,146010,146012],{"className":28,"code":146011,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[33,146013,146014,146034,146048,146052],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,146015,146016,146018,146020,146022,146024,146026,146028,146030,146032],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,146017,43],{"class":42},[36,146019,47],{"class":46},[36,146021,1333],{"class":50},[36,146023,2183],{"class":54},[36,146025,58],{"class":50},[36,146027,6044],{"class":54},[36,146029,58],{"class":50},[36,146031,37972],{"class":54},[36,146033,1355],{"class":50},[36,146035,146036,146038,146040,146042,146044,146046],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,146037,41219],{"class":42},[36,146039,47],{"class":46},[36,146041,145890],{"class":141},[36,146043,145],{"class":50},[36,146045,149],{"class":148},[36,146047,152],{"class":50},[36,146049,146050],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,146051,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,146053,146054,146056,146058,146060],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,146055,142],{"class":141},[36,146057,145],{"class":50},[36,146059,41248],{"class":148},[36,146061,152],{"class":50},[14,146063,182],{},[26,146065,146066],{"className":28,"code":69876,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,146067,146068],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,146069,146070],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,146071,69876],{"class":54},[14,146073,11714],{},[246,146075,146076,146081,146087],{},[249,146077,146078,146080],{},[33,146079,149],{}," contains three integers",[249,146082,146083,146086],{},[33,146084,146085],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[249,146088,146089,146090],{},"The result is stored in ",[33,146091,41248],{},[21,146093,36647,146095,8469],{"id":146094},"using-the-start-value",[33,146096,36109],{},[14,146098,146099],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[26,146101,146103],{"className":28,"code":146102,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[33,146104,146105,146125,146143,146147],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,146106,146107,146109,146111,146113,146115,146117,146119,146121,146123],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,146108,43],{"class":42},[36,146110,47],{"class":46},[36,146112,1333],{"class":50},[36,146114,55],{"class":54},[36,146116,58],{"class":50},[36,146118,61],{"class":54},[36,146120,58],{"class":50},[36,146122,66],{"class":54},[36,146124,1355],{"class":50},[36,146126,146127,146129,146131,146133,146135,146137,146139,146141],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,146128,41219],{"class":42},[36,146130,47],{"class":46},[36,146132,145890],{"class":141},[36,146134,145],{"class":50},[36,146136,149],{"class":148},[36,146138,58],{"class":50},[36,146140,6044],{"class":54},[36,146142,152],{"class":50},[36,146144,146145],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,146146,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,146148,146149,146151,146153,146155],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,146150,142],{"class":141},[36,146152,145],{"class":50},[36,146154,41248],{"class":148},[36,146156,152],{"class":50},[14,146158,182],{},[26,146160,146162],{"className":28,"code":146161,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"16\n",[33,146163,146164],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,146165,146166],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,146167,146161],{"class":54},[14,146169,146170],{},"This works like:",[246,146172,146173,146178,146183,146187],{},[249,146174,146175,146176],{},"Start at ",[33,146177,631],{},[249,146179,146180,146181],{},"Add ",[33,146182,55],{},[249,146184,146180,146185],{},[33,146186,481],{},[249,146188,146180,146189],{},[33,146190,485],{},[14,146192,146193],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[21,146195,3720,146197,146199],{"id":146196},"what-sum-can-work-with",[33,146198,145837],{}," can work with",[14,146201,146202,146204],{},[33,146203,145837],{}," works with numeric values.",[376,146206,40462],{"id":40461},[26,146208,146210],{"className":28,"code":146209,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[33,146211,146212,146236],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,146213,146214,146216,146218,146220,146222,146224,146226,146228,146230,146232,146234],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,146215,621],{"class":42},[36,146217,47],{"class":46},[36,146219,1333],{"class":50},[36,146221,55],{"class":54},[36,146223,58],{"class":50},[36,146225,61],{"class":54},[36,146227,58],{"class":50},[36,146229,66],{"class":54},[36,146231,58],{"class":50},[36,146233,559],{"class":54},[36,146235,1355],{"class":50},[36,146237,146238,146240,146242,146244,146246,146248],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,146239,142],{"class":141},[36,146241,145],{"class":50},[36,146243,145960],{"class":141},[36,146245,145],{"class":50},[36,146247,656],{"class":148},[36,146249,445],{"class":50},[14,146251,182],{},[26,146253,146254],{"className":28,"code":2427,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,146255,146256],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,146257,146258],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,146259,2427],{"class":54},[376,146261,146262],{"id":52085},"Floats",[26,146264,146266],{"className":28,"code":146265,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[33,146267,146268,146290],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,146269,146270,146272,146274,146276,146278,146280,146283,146285,146288],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,146271,83082],{"class":42},[36,146273,47],{"class":46},[36,146275,1333],{"class":50},[36,146277,41195],{"class":54},[36,146279,58],{"class":50},[36,146281,146282],{"class":54}," 3.75",[36,146284,58],{"class":50},[36,146286,146287],{"class":54}," 1.25",[36,146289,1355],{"class":50},[36,146291,146292,146294,146296,146298,146300,146302],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,146293,142],{"class":141},[36,146295,145],{"class":50},[36,146297,145960],{"class":141},[36,146299,145],{"class":50},[36,146301,83118],{"class":148},[36,146303,445],{"class":50},[14,146305,182],{},[26,146307,146309],{"className":28,"code":146308,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"7.5\n",[33,146310,146311],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,146312,146313],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,146314,146308],{"class":54},[14,146316,146317,146318,303],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[294,146319,146320],{"href":2470},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[376,146322,146324,146325],{"id":146323},"values-from-range","Values from ",[33,146326,517],{},[26,146328,146330],{"className":28,"code":146329,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[33,146331,146332],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,146333,146334,146336,146338,146340,146342,146344,146346,146348,146350,146352],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,146335,142],{"class":141},[36,146337,145],{"class":50},[36,146339,145960],{"class":141},[36,146341,145],{"class":50},[36,146343,60037],{"class":141},[36,146345,145],{"class":50},[36,146347,55],{"class":54},[36,146349,58],{"class":50},[36,146351,37679],{"class":54},[36,146353,2961],{"class":50},[14,146355,182],{},[26,146357,146358],{"className":28,"code":47078,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,146359,146360],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,146361,146362],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,146363,47078],{"class":54},[14,146365,113407,146366,303],{},[33,146367,146368],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[376,146370,146372],{"id":146371},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[14,146374,146375,146376,146378,146379,482,146381,146378,146383,303],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[33,146377,3649],{}," acts like ",[33,146380,55],{},[33,146382,3716],{},[33,146384,2166],{},[26,146386,146388],{"className":28,"code":146387,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[33,146389,146390,146414],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,146391,146392,146394,146396,146398,146400,146402,146404,146406,146408,146410,146412],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,146393,52005],{"class":42},[36,146395,47],{"class":46},[36,146397,1333],{"class":50},[36,146399,3649],{"class":1143},[36,146401,58],{"class":50},[36,146403,3948],{"class":1143},[36,146405,58],{"class":50},[36,146407,1144],{"class":1143},[36,146409,58],{"class":50},[36,146411,1144],{"class":1143},[36,146413,1355],{"class":50},[36,146415,146416,146418,146420,146422,146424,146426],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,146417,142],{"class":141},[36,146419,145],{"class":50},[36,146421,145960],{"class":141},[36,146423,145],{"class":50},[36,146425,52058],{"class":148},[36,146427,445],{"class":50},[14,146429,182],{},[26,146431,146432],{"className":28,"code":475,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,146433,146434],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,146435,146436],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,146437,475],{"class":54},[14,146439,146440,146441,303],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[33,146442,3649],{},[21,146444,3720,146446,146448],{"id":146445},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[33,146447,145837],{}," does not work with",[14,146450,146451,146453],{},[33,146452,145837],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[376,146455,146457],{"id":146456},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[14,146459,2886],{},[26,146461,146463],{"className":28,"code":146462,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[33,146464,146465,146489],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,146466,146467,146469,146471,146473,146475,146477,146479,146481,146483,146485,146487],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,146468,75],{"class":42},[36,146470,47],{"class":46},[36,146472,1333],{"class":50},[36,146474,88],{"class":87},[36,146476,708],{"class":91},[36,146478,88],{"class":87},[36,146480,58],{"class":50},[36,146482,99],{"class":87},[36,146484,60626],{"class":91},[36,146486,88],{"class":87},[36,146488,1355],{"class":50},[36,146490,146491,146493,146495,146497,146499,146501],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,146492,142],{"class":141},[36,146494,145],{"class":50},[36,146496,145960],{"class":141},[36,146498,145],{"class":50},[36,146500,162],{"class":148},[36,146502,445],{"class":50},[14,146504,146505],{},"Use string joining instead:",[26,146507,146509],{"className":28,"code":146508,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[33,146510,146511,146535],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,146512,146513,146515,146517,146519,146521,146523,146525,146527,146529,146531,146533],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,146514,75],{"class":42},[36,146516,47],{"class":46},[36,146518,1333],{"class":50},[36,146520,88],{"class":87},[36,146522,708],{"class":91},[36,146524,88],{"class":87},[36,146526,58],{"class":50},[36,146528,99],{"class":87},[36,146530,60626],{"class":91},[36,146532,88],{"class":87},[36,146534,1355],{"class":50},[36,146536,146537,146539,146541,146543,146545,146547,146549,146551],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,146538,142],{"class":141},[36,146540,145],{"class":50},[36,146542,6312],{"class":87},[36,146544,303],{"class":50},[36,146546,133362],{"class":148},[36,146548,145],{"class":50},[36,146550,162],{"class":148},[36,146552,445],{"class":50},[14,146554,182],{},[26,146556,146558],{"className":28,"code":146557,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"helloworld\n",[33,146559,146560],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,146561,146562],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,146563,146557],{"class":42},[14,146565,146566,146567,303],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[294,146568,146569,5822],{"href":42212},[33,146570,47721],{},[376,146572,146574],{"id":146573},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[14,146576,146577],{},"This also causes an error:",[26,146579,146581],{"className":28,"code":146580,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[33,146582,146583,146610],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,146584,146585,146588,146590,146592,146594,146596,146598,146600,146602,146604,146606,146608],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,146586,146587],{"class":42},"lists ",[36,146589,47],{"class":46},[36,146591,56333],{"class":50},[36,146593,55],{"class":54},[36,146595,58],{"class":50},[36,146597,61],{"class":54},[36,146599,18093],{"class":50},[36,146601,1333],{"class":50},[36,146603,485],{"class":54},[36,146605,58],{"class":50},[36,146607,559],{"class":54},[36,146609,53281],{"class":50},[36,146611,146612,146614,146616,146618,146620,146622],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,146613,142],{"class":141},[36,146615,145],{"class":50},[36,146617,145960],{"class":141},[36,146619,145],{"class":50},[36,146621,5341],{"class":148},[36,146623,445],{"class":50},[14,146625,146626,146628],{},[33,146627,145837],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[376,146630,146632],{"id":146631},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[14,146634,5512],{},[26,146636,146638],{"className":28,"code":146637,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[33,146639,146640,146664],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,146641,146642,146644,146646,146648,146650,146652,146654,146656,146658,146660,146662],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,146643,621],{"class":42},[36,146645,47],{"class":46},[36,146647,1333],{"class":50},[36,146649,55],{"class":54},[36,146651,58],{"class":50},[36,146653,61],{"class":54},[36,146655,58],{"class":50},[36,146657,99],{"class":87},[36,146659,485],{"class":91},[36,146661,88],{"class":87},[36,146663,1355],{"class":50},[36,146665,146666,146668,146670,146672,146674,146676],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,146667,142],{"class":141},[36,146669,145],{"class":50},[36,146671,145960],{"class":141},[36,146673,145],{"class":50},[36,146675,656],{"class":148},[36,146677,445],{"class":50},[14,146679,146680],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[14,146682,146683,146684,146686,146687,303],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[33,146685,65981],{},", convert them first. See ",[294,146688,3012],{"href":3011},[21,146690,41541],{"id":41540},[14,146692,146693,146694,303],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[33,146695,145837],{},[376,146697,6564],{"id":6563},[14,146699,4564],{},[26,146701,146703],{"className":28,"code":146702,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(sum(5))\n",[33,146704,146705],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,146706,146707,146709,146711,146713,146715,146717],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,146708,142],{"class":141},[36,146710,145],{"class":50},[36,146712,145960],{"class":141},[36,146714,145],{"class":50},[36,146716,2183],{"class":54},[36,146718,445],{"class":50},[14,146720,146721],{},"Why it fails:",[246,146723,146724,146729],{},[249,146725,146726,146728],{},[33,146727,2183],{}," is a single integer",[249,146730,146731,146733],{},[33,146732,145837],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[14,146735,6594],{},[26,146737,146739],{"className":28,"code":146738,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(sum([5]))\n",[33,146740,146741],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,146742,146743,146745,146747,146749,146751,146753],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,146744,142],{"class":141},[36,146746,145],{"class":50},[36,146748,145960],{"class":141},[36,146750,84],{"class":50},[36,146752,2183],{"class":54},[36,146754,3047],{"class":50},[14,146756,182],{},[26,146758,146759],{"className":28,"code":2996,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,146760,146761],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,146762,146763],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,146764,2996],{"class":54},[376,146766,146768],{"id":146767},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[14,146770,4564],{},[26,146772,146774],{"className":28,"code":146773,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[33,146775,146776,146808],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,146777,146778,146780,146782,146784,146786,146788,146790,146792,146794,146796,146798,146800,146802,146804,146806],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,146779,621],{"class":42},[36,146781,47],{"class":46},[36,146783,1333],{"class":50},[36,146785,88],{"class":87},[36,146787,55],{"class":91},[36,146789,88],{"class":87},[36,146791,58],{"class":50},[36,146793,99],{"class":87},[36,146795,481],{"class":91},[36,146797,88],{"class":87},[36,146799,58],{"class":50},[36,146801,99],{"class":87},[36,146803,485],{"class":91},[36,146805,88],{"class":87},[36,146807,1355],{"class":50},[36,146809,146810,146812,146814,146816,146818,146820],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,146811,142],{"class":141},[36,146813,145],{"class":50},[36,146815,145960],{"class":141},[36,146817,145],{"class":50},[36,146819,656],{"class":148},[36,146821,445],{"class":50},[14,146823,146824],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[26,146826,146828],{"className":28,"code":146827,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[33,146829,146830,146862,146890],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,146831,146832,146834,146836,146838,146840,146842,146844,146846,146848,146850,146852,146854,146856,146858,146860],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,146833,621],{"class":42},[36,146835,47],{"class":46},[36,146837,1333],{"class":50},[36,146839,88],{"class":87},[36,146841,55],{"class":91},[36,146843,88],{"class":87},[36,146845,58],{"class":50},[36,146847,99],{"class":87},[36,146849,481],{"class":91},[36,146851,88],{"class":87},[36,146853,58],{"class":50},[36,146855,99],{"class":87},[36,146857,485],{"class":91},[36,146859,88],{"class":87},[36,146861,1355],{"class":50},[36,146863,146864,146866,146868,146870,146872,146874,146876,146878,146880,146882,146884,146886,146888],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,146865,41219],{"class":42},[36,146867,47],{"class":46},[36,146869,145890],{"class":141},[36,146871,145],{"class":50},[36,146873,2237],{"class":80},[36,146875,145],{"class":50},[36,146877,2222],{"class":148},[36,146879,3703],{"class":50},[36,146881,3918],{"class":3917},[36,146883,3921],{"class":148},[36,146885,3924],{"class":3917},[36,146887,3927],{"class":148},[36,146889,152],{"class":50},[36,146891,146892,146894,146896,146898],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,146893,142],{"class":141},[36,146895,145],{"class":50},[36,146897,41248],{"class":148},[36,146899,152],{"class":50},[14,146901,182],{},[26,146903,146904],{"className":28,"code":2705,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,146905,146906],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,146907,146908],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,146909,2705],{"class":54},[14,146911,146912],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[376,146914,146916],{"id":146915},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[14,146918,4564],{},[26,146920,146922],{"className":28,"code":146921,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[33,146923,146924,146952],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,146925,146926,146928,146930,146932,146934,146936,146938,146940,146942,146944,146946,146948,146950],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,146927,621],{"class":42},[36,146929,47],{"class":46},[36,146931,1333],{"class":50},[36,146933,55],{"class":54},[36,146935,58],{"class":50},[36,146937,61],{"class":54},[36,146939,58],{"class":50},[36,146941,99],{"class":87},[36,146943,485],{"class":91},[36,146945,88],{"class":87},[36,146947,58],{"class":50},[36,146949,559],{"class":54},[36,146951,1355],{"class":50},[36,146953,146954,146956,146958,146960,146962,146964],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,146955,142],{"class":141},[36,146957,145],{"class":50},[36,146959,145960],{"class":141},[36,146961,145],{"class":50},[36,146963,656],{"class":148},[36,146965,445],{"class":50},[14,146967,146968],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[26,146970,146972],{"className":28,"code":146971,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[33,146973,146974,147002,147030],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,146975,146976,146978,146980,146982,146984,146986,146988,146990,146992,146994,146996,146998,147000],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,146977,621],{"class":42},[36,146979,47],{"class":46},[36,146981,1333],{"class":50},[36,146983,55],{"class":54},[36,146985,58],{"class":50},[36,146987,61],{"class":54},[36,146989,58],{"class":50},[36,146991,99],{"class":87},[36,146993,485],{"class":91},[36,146995,88],{"class":87},[36,146997,58],{"class":50},[36,146999,559],{"class":54},[36,147001,1355],{"class":50},[36,147003,147004,147006,147008,147010,147012,147014,147016,147018,147020,147022,147024,147026,147028],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,147005,41219],{"class":42},[36,147007,47],{"class":46},[36,147009,145890],{"class":141},[36,147011,145],{"class":50},[36,147013,2237],{"class":80},[36,147015,145],{"class":50},[36,147017,2222],{"class":148},[36,147019,3703],{"class":50},[36,147021,3918],{"class":3917},[36,147023,3921],{"class":148},[36,147025,3924],{"class":3917},[36,147027,3927],{"class":148},[36,147029,152],{"class":50},[36,147031,147032,147034,147036,147038],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,147033,142],{"class":141},[36,147035,145],{"class":50},[36,147037,41248],{"class":148},[36,147039,152],{"class":50},[14,147041,182],{},[26,147043,147044],{"className":28,"code":2427,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,147045,147046],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,147047,147048],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,147049,2427],{"class":54},[376,147051,1462,147053,147055],{"id":147052},"using-sum-to-join-text",[33,147054,145837],{}," to join text",[14,147057,4564],{},[26,147059,147061],{"className":28,"code":147060,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[33,147062,147063,147119],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,147064,147065,147067,147069,147071,147073,147075,147077,147079,147081,147083,147085,147087,147089,147091,147093,147095,147097,147099,147101,147103,147105,147107,147109,147111,147113,147115,147117],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,147066,697],{"class":42},[36,147068,47],{"class":46},[36,147070,1333],{"class":50},[36,147072,88],{"class":87},[36,147074,133961],{"class":91},[36,147076,88],{"class":87},[36,147078,58],{"class":50},[36,147080,99],{"class":87},[36,147082,11775],{"class":91},[36,147084,88],{"class":87},[36,147086,58],{"class":50},[36,147088,99],{"class":87},[36,147090,63322],{"class":91},[36,147092,88],{"class":87},[36,147094,58],{"class":50},[36,147096,99],{"class":87},[36,147098,741],{"class":91},[36,147100,88],{"class":87},[36,147102,58],{"class":50},[36,147104,99],{"class":87},[36,147106,768],{"class":91},[36,147108,88],{"class":87},[36,147110,58],{"class":50},[36,147112,99],{"class":87},[36,147114,76064],{"class":91},[36,147116,88],{"class":87},[36,147118,1355],{"class":50},[36,147120,147121,147123,147125,147127,147129,147131],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,147122,142],{"class":141},[36,147124,145],{"class":50},[36,147126,145960],{"class":141},[36,147128,145],{"class":50},[36,147130,721],{"class":148},[36,147132,445],{"class":50},[14,147134,495,147135,60567],{},[33,147136,133285],{},[26,147138,147140],{"className":28,"code":147139,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[33,147141,147142,147198],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,147143,147144,147146,147148,147150,147152,147154,147156,147158,147160,147162,147164,147166,147168,147170,147172,147174,147176,147178,147180,147182,147184,147186,147188,147190,147192,147194,147196],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,147145,697],{"class":42},[36,147147,47],{"class":46},[36,147149,1333],{"class":50},[36,147151,88],{"class":87},[36,147153,133961],{"class":91},[36,147155,88],{"class":87},[36,147157,58],{"class":50},[36,147159,99],{"class":87},[36,147161,11775],{"class":91},[36,147163,88],{"class":87},[36,147165,58],{"class":50},[36,147167,99],{"class":87},[36,147169,63322],{"class":91},[36,147171,88],{"class":87},[36,147173,58],{"class":50},[36,147175,99],{"class":87},[36,147177,741],{"class":91},[36,147179,88],{"class":87},[36,147181,58],{"class":50},[36,147183,99],{"class":87},[36,147185,768],{"class":91},[36,147187,88],{"class":87},[36,147189,58],{"class":50},[36,147191,99],{"class":87},[36,147193,76064],{"class":91},[36,147195,88],{"class":87},[36,147197,1355],{"class":50},[36,147199,147200,147202,147204,147206,147208,147210,147212,147214],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,147201,142],{"class":141},[36,147203,145],{"class":50},[36,147205,6312],{"class":87},[36,147207,303],{"class":50},[36,147209,133362],{"class":148},[36,147211,145],{"class":50},[36,147213,721],{"class":148},[36,147215,445],{"class":50},[14,147217,182],{},[26,147219,147220],{"className":28,"code":134042,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,147221,147222],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,147223,147224],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,147225,134042],{"class":42},[14,147227,147228,147229,303],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[294,147230,147231],{"href":135123},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[21,147233,147235,147237],{"id":147234},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[33,147236,145837],{}," vs manual loop",[14,147239,147240,147242],{},[33,147241,145837],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[376,147244,1462,147246],{"id":147245},"using-sum",[33,147247,145837],{},[26,147249,147251],{"className":28,"code":147250,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[33,147252,147253,147273,147287],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,147254,147255,147257,147259,147261,147263,147265,147267,147269,147271],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,147256,43],{"class":42},[36,147258,47],{"class":46},[36,147260,1333],{"class":50},[36,147262,2554],{"class":54},[36,147264,58],{"class":50},[36,147266,6033],{"class":54},[36,147268,58],{"class":50},[36,147270,54175],{"class":54},[36,147272,1355],{"class":50},[36,147274,147275,147277,147279,147281,147283,147285],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,147276,41219],{"class":42},[36,147278,47],{"class":46},[36,147280,145890],{"class":141},[36,147282,145],{"class":50},[36,147284,149],{"class":148},[36,147286,152],{"class":50},[36,147288,147289,147291,147293,147295],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,147290,142],{"class":141},[36,147292,145],{"class":50},[36,147294,41248],{"class":148},[36,147296,152],{"class":50},[376,147298,147300],{"id":147299},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[26,147302,147304],{"className":28,"code":147303,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[33,147305,147306,147326,147334,147338,147350,147358,147362],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,147307,147308,147310,147312,147314,147316,147318,147320,147322,147324],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,147309,43],{"class":42},[36,147311,47],{"class":46},[36,147313,1333],{"class":50},[36,147315,2554],{"class":54},[36,147317,58],{"class":50},[36,147319,6033],{"class":54},[36,147321,58],{"class":50},[36,147323,54175],{"class":54},[36,147325,1355],{"class":50},[36,147327,147328,147330,147332],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,147329,41219],{"class":42},[36,147331,47],{"class":46},[36,147333,38549],{"class":54},[36,147335,147336],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,147337,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,147339,147340,147342,147344,147346,147348],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,147341,5997],{"class":3917},[36,147343,6426],{"class":42},[36,147345,3924],{"class":3917},[36,147347,4301],{"class":42},[36,147349,6433],{"class":50},[36,147351,147352,147354,147356],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,147353,90141],{"class":42},[36,147355,90144],{"class":46},[36,147357,90147],{"class":42},[36,147359,147360],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,147361,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,147363,147364,147366,147368,147370],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,147365,142],{"class":141},[36,147367,145],{"class":50},[36,147369,41248],{"class":148},[36,147371,152],{"class":50},[14,147373,147374],{},"Both produce the same result.",[14,147376,2537,147377,147379],{},[33,147378,145837],{}," is often better:",[246,147381,147382,147385,147388],{},[249,147383,147384],{},"Shorter code",[249,147386,147387],{},"Easier to read",[249,147389,147390],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[14,147392,147393],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[246,147395,147396,147399,147402],{},[249,147397,147398],{},"You need to skip some values",[249,147400,147401],{},"You need extra checks",[249,147403,147404],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[14,147406,147407,147408,147411,147412,147414],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[294,147409,147410],{"href":40045},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[33,147413,145837],{}," on the filtered result.",[21,147416,1455],{"id":1454},[14,147418,147419,147420,1213],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[33,147421,145837],{},[246,147423,147424,147430,147437,147444],{},[249,147425,147426,147427],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[33,147428,147429],{},"sum(5)",[249,147431,147432,147433,147436],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[33,147434,147435],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[249,147438,1462,147439,147441,147442],{},[33,147440,145837],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[33,147443,133285],{},[249,147445,147446],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[14,147448,8909,147449,147451],{},[33,147450,145837],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[26,147453,147455],{"className":28,"code":147454,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[33,147456,147457,147467,147481,147505],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,147458,147459,147461,147463,147465],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,147460,142],{"class":141},[36,147462,145],{"class":50},[36,147464,656],{"class":148},[36,147466,152],{"class":50},[36,147468,147469,147471,147473,147475,147477,147479],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,147470,142],{"class":141},[36,147472,145],{"class":50},[36,147474,818],{"class":80},[36,147476,145],{"class":50},[36,147478,656],{"class":148},[36,147480,445],{"class":50},[36,147482,147483,147485,147487,147489,147491,147493,147495,147497,147499,147501,147503],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,147484,142],{"class":141},[36,147486,84],{"class":50},[36,147488,818],{"class":80},[36,147490,145],{"class":50},[36,147492,2222],{"class":148},[36,147494,3703],{"class":50},[36,147496,3918],{"class":3917},[36,147498,3921],{"class":148},[36,147500,3924],{"class":3917},[36,147502,3927],{"class":148},[36,147504,115],{"class":50},[36,147506,147507,147509,147511,147513,147515,147517,147519,147521,147523,147525,147527,147529,147531],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,147508,142],{"class":141},[36,147510,145],{"class":50},[36,147512,145960],{"class":141},[36,147514,84],{"class":50},[36,147516,2237],{"class":80},[36,147518,145],{"class":50},[36,147520,2222],{"class":148},[36,147522,3703],{"class":50},[36,147524,3918],{"class":3917},[36,147526,3921],{"class":148},[36,147528,3924],{"class":3917},[36,147530,3927],{"class":148},[36,147532,3047],{"class":50},[14,147534,135856],{},[246,147536,147537,147543,147549,147554],{},[249,147538,147539,147542],{},[33,147540,147541],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[249,147544,147545,147548],{},[33,147546,147547],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[249,147550,147551,135878],{},[33,147552,147553],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[249,147555,147556,147559],{},[33,147557,147558],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[21,147561,1872],{"id":1871},[376,147563,5182,147565,5185],{"id":147564},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[33,147566,145837],{},[14,147568,147569],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[376,147571,5210,147573,147575],{"id":147572},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[33,147574,145837],{}," add strings in Python?",[14,147577,30304,147578,298,147581,147584],{},[33,147579,147580],{},"''.join(...)",[33,147582,147583],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[376,147586,5210,147588,147590],{"id":147587},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[33,147589,145837],{}," work with floats?",[14,147592,147593],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[376,147595,147597,147598,2541],{"id":147596},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[33,147599,145837],{},[14,147601,147602,147603,147605],{},"It is the optional ",[33,147604,36109],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[376,147607,5198,147609,119241,147611,2541],{"id":147608},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[33,147610,145837],{},[33,147612,1210],{},[14,147614,147615],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[21,147617,1923],{"id":1922},[246,147619,147620,147624,147630,147636,147642,147646,147650],{},[249,147621,147622],{},[294,147623,146320],{"href":2470},[249,147625,147626],{},[294,147627,1935,147628,3554],{"href":36230},[33,147629,517],{},[249,147631,147632],{},[294,147633,1935,147634,3554],{"href":42395},[33,147635,42398],{},[249,147637,147638],{},[294,147639,1935,147640,3554],{"href":42212},[33,147641,47721],{},[249,147643,147644],{},[294,147645,5262],{"href":40045},[249,147647,147648],{},[294,147649,3571],{"href":3011},[249,147651,147652],{},[294,147653,147231],{"href":135123},[1962,147655,147656],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":147658},[147659,147660,147662,147663,147664,147666,147674,147680,147687,147693,147694,147706],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":145916,"depth":72,"text":147661},"What sum() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":11504,"depth":72,"text":11505},{"id":146094,"depth":72,"text":147665},"Using the start value",{"id":146196,"depth":72,"text":147667,"children":147668},"What sum() can work with",[147669,147670,147671,147673],{"id":40461,"depth":118,"text":40462},{"id":52085,"depth":118,"text":146262},{"id":146323,"depth":118,"text":147672},"Values from range()",{"id":146371,"depth":118,"text":146372},{"id":146445,"depth":72,"text":147675,"children":147676},"What sum() does not work with",[147677,147678,147679],{"id":146456,"depth":118,"text":146457},{"id":146573,"depth":118,"text":146574},{"id":146631,"depth":118,"text":146632},{"id":41540,"depth":72,"text":41541,"children":147681},[147682,147683,147684,147685],{"id":6563,"depth":118,"text":6564},{"id":146767,"depth":118,"text":146768},{"id":146915,"depth":118,"text":146916},{"id":147052,"depth":118,"text":147686},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147234,"depth":72,"text":147688,"children":147689},"sum() vs manual loop",[147690,147692],{"id":147245,"depth":118,"text":147691},"Using sum()",{"id":147299,"depth":118,"text":147300},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":147695},[147696,147698,147700,147702,147704],{"id":147564,"depth":118,"text":147697},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147572,"depth":118,"text":147699},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147587,"depth":118,"text":147701},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147596,"depth":118,"text":147703},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147608,"depth":118,"text":147705},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145829,"description":147707},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147714,"title":147715,"body":147716,"description":149118,"extension":2009,"meta":149119,"navigation":134,"path":149120,"seo":149121,"stem":149122,"__hash__":149123},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147717,"toc":149086},[147718,147724,147730,147733,147796,147802,147807,147811,147828,147842,147846,147866,147880,147882,147975,147977,147991,147993,147996,148085,148087,148095,148104,148106,148110,148131,148133,148225,148227,148248,148250,148254,148268,148270,148344,148346,148365,148369,148372,148395,148397,148508,148515,148523,148525,148531,148534,148577,148580,148603,148611,148615,148690,148696,148721,148728,148731,148734,148738,148743,148831,148839,148843,148846,148871,148875,148936,148940,148989,148999,149001,149006,149009,149015,149018,149022,149026,149032,149035,149043,149051,149053,149083],[10,147719,147721,147722,11352],{"id":147720},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[33,147723,57328],{},[14,147725,147726,147729],{},[33,147727,147728],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[14,147731,147732],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[26,147734,147736],{"className":28,"code":147735,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[33,147737,147738,147766,147784],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,147739,147740,147742,147744,147746,147748,147750,147752,147754,147756,147758,147760,147762,147764],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,147741,43],{"class":42},[36,147743,47],{"class":46},[36,147745,1131],{"class":50},[36,147747,55],{"class":54},[36,147749,58],{"class":50},[36,147751,61],{"class":54},[36,147753,58],{"class":50},[36,147755,61],{"class":54},[36,147757,58],{"class":50},[36,147759,66],{"class":54},[36,147761,58],{"class":50},[36,147763,61],{"class":54},[36,147765,152],{"class":50},[36,147767,147768,147770,147772,147774,147776,147778,147780,147782],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,147769,2280],{"class":42},[36,147771,47],{"class":46},[36,147773,4301],{"class":42},[36,147775,303],{"class":50},[36,147777,41296],{"class":148},[36,147779,145],{"class":50},[36,147781,481],{"class":54},[36,147783,152],{"class":50},[36,147785,147786,147788,147790,147792,147794],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,147787,142],{"class":141},[36,147789,145],{"class":50},[36,147791,2315],{"class":148},[36,147793,3703],{"class":50},[36,147795,50809],{"class":1617},[14,147797,495,147798,147801],{},[33,147799,147800],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[21,147803,3720,147805,3723],{"id":147804},"what-tuplecount-does",[33,147806,147728],{},[14,147808,147809,1213],{},[33,147810,147800],{},[246,147812,147813,147819,147822,147825],{},[249,147814,147815,147816,147818],{},"Returns the number of times ",[33,147817,1495],{}," appears in the tuple",[249,147820,147821],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[249,147823,147824],{},"Returns an integer",[249,147826,147827],{},"Does not change the tuple",[14,147829,147830,147831,147833,147834,298,147838,303],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[33,147832,57328],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[294,147835,147837],{"href":147836},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[294,147839,147841],{"href":147840},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[21,147843,147845],{"id":147844},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[26,147847,147849],{"className":28,"code":147848,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[33,147850,147851],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,147852,147853,147856,147858,147860,147862,147864],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,147854,147855],{"class":42},"my_tuple",[36,147857,303],{"class":50},[36,147859,41296],{"class":148},[36,147861,145],{"class":50},[36,147863,1495],{"class":148},[36,147865,152],{"class":50},[246,147867,147868,147872,147875],{},[249,147869,147870,57493],{},[33,147871,1495],{},[249,147873,147874],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[249,147876,147877,147878],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[33,147879,2166],{},[376,147881,102956],{"id":102955},[26,147883,147885],{"className":28,"code":147884,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[33,147886,147887,147927,147951],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,147888,147889,147891,147893,147895,147897,147899,147901,147903,147905,147907,147909,147911,147913,147915,147917,147919,147921,147923,147925],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,147890,13108],{"class":42},[36,147892,47],{"class":46},[36,147894,1131],{"class":50},[36,147896,88],{"class":87},[36,147898,13125],{"class":91},[36,147900,88],{"class":87},[36,147902,58],{"class":50},[36,147904,99],{"class":87},[36,147906,13142],{"class":91},[36,147908,88],{"class":87},[36,147910,58],{"class":50},[36,147912,99],{"class":87},[36,147914,13125],{"class":91},[36,147916,88],{"class":87},[36,147918,58],{"class":50},[36,147920,99],{"class":87},[36,147922,17486],{"class":91},[36,147924,88],{"class":87},[36,147926,152],{"class":50},[36,147928,147929,147931,147933,147935,147937,147939,147941,147943,147945,147947,147949],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,147930,142],{"class":141},[36,147932,145],{"class":50},[36,147934,17533],{"class":148},[36,147936,303],{"class":50},[36,147938,41296],{"class":148},[36,147940,145],{"class":50},[36,147942,88],{"class":87},[36,147944,13125],{"class":91},[36,147946,88],{"class":87},[36,147948,5402],{"class":50},[36,147950,57683],{"class":1617},[36,147952,147953,147955,147957,147959,147961,147963,147965,147967,147969,147971,147973],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,147954,142],{"class":141},[36,147956,145],{"class":50},[36,147958,17533],{"class":148},[36,147960,303],{"class":50},[36,147962,41296],{"class":148},[36,147964,145],{"class":50},[36,147966,88],{"class":87},[36,147968,22556],{"class":91},[36,147970,88],{"class":87},[36,147972,5402],{"class":50},[36,147974,51286],{"class":1617},[14,147976,19989],{},[246,147978,147979,147984],{},[249,147980,147981,147983],{},[33,147982,65428],{}," appears 2 times",[249,147985,147986,147988,147989],{},[33,147987,109652],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[33,147990,2166],{},[21,147992,11505],{"id":11504},[14,147994,147995],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[26,147997,147999],{"className":28,"code":147998,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[33,148000,148001,148049,148053,148075],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,148002,148003,148005,148007,148009,148011,148013,148015,148017,148019,148021,148023,148025,148027,148029,148031,148033,148035,148037,148039,148041,148043,148045,148047],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,148004,36273],{"class":42},[36,148006,47],{"class":46},[36,148008,1131],{"class":50},[36,148010,88],{"class":87},[36,148012,92],{"class":91},[36,148014,88],{"class":87},[36,148016,58],{"class":50},[36,148018,99],{"class":87},[36,148020,102],{"class":91},[36,148022,88],{"class":87},[36,148024,58],{"class":50},[36,148026,99],{"class":87},[36,148028,92],{"class":91},[36,148030,88],{"class":87},[36,148032,58],{"class":50},[36,148034,99],{"class":87},[36,148036,1005],{"class":91},[36,148038,88],{"class":87},[36,148040,58],{"class":50},[36,148042,99],{"class":87},[36,148044,92],{"class":91},[36,148046,88],{"class":87},[36,148048,152],{"class":50},[36,148050,148051],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,148052,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,148054,148055,148057,148059,148061,148063,148065,148067,148069,148071,148073],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,148056,2280],{"class":42},[36,148058,47],{"class":46},[36,148060,52890],{"class":42},[36,148062,303],{"class":50},[36,148064,41296],{"class":148},[36,148066,145],{"class":50},[36,148068,88],{"class":87},[36,148070,92],{"class":91},[36,148072,88],{"class":87},[36,148074,152],{"class":50},[36,148076,148077,148079,148081,148083],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,148078,142],{"class":141},[36,148080,145],{"class":50},[36,148082,2315],{"class":148},[36,148084,152],{"class":50},[14,148086,182],{},[26,148088,148089],{"className":28,"code":475,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,148090,148091],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,148092,148093],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,148094,475],{"class":54},[14,148096,148097,148099,148100,2448,148102,303],{},[33,148098,57871],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[33,148101,57328],{},[33,148103,485],{},[21,148105,38056],{"id":38055},[14,148107,57582,148108,128591],{},[33,148109,57328],{},[246,148111,148112,148117,148122,148125],{},[249,148113,11454,148114,148116],{},[33,148115,2166],{}," when the value does not exist",[249,148118,11454,148119,148121],{},[33,148120,55],{}," when the value appears once",[249,148123,148124],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[249,148126,148127,148128,148130],{},"The result can be used in ",[33,148129,7037],{}," statements and other conditions",[14,148132,2257],{},[26,148134,148136],{"className":28,"code":148135,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[33,148137,148138,148179,148183,148210],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,148139,148140,148143,148145,148147,148149,148151,148153,148155,148157,148159,148161,148163,148165,148167,148169,148171,148173,148175,148177],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,148141,148142],{"class":42},"answers ",[36,148144,47],{"class":46},[36,148146,1131],{"class":50},[36,148148,88],{"class":87},[36,148150,8694],{"class":91},[36,148152,88],{"class":87},[36,148154,58],{"class":50},[36,148156,99],{"class":87},[36,148158,8634],{"class":91},[36,148160,88],{"class":87},[36,148162,58],{"class":50},[36,148164,99],{"class":87},[36,148166,8694],{"class":91},[36,148168,88],{"class":87},[36,148170,58],{"class":50},[36,148172,99],{"class":87},[36,148174,8694],{"class":91},[36,148176,88],{"class":87},[36,148178,152],{"class":50},[36,148180,148181],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,148182,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,148184,148185,148187,148190,148192,148194,148196,148198,148200,148202,148204,148206,148208],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,148186,7037],{"class":3917},[36,148188,148189],{"class":42}," answers",[36,148191,303],{"class":50},[36,148193,41296],{"class":148},[36,148195,145],{"class":50},[36,148197,88],{"class":87},[36,148199,8694],{"class":91},[36,148201,88],{"class":87},[36,148203,3703],{"class":50},[36,148205,38432],{"class":46},[36,148207,1340],{"class":54},[36,148209,6433],{"class":50},[36,148211,148212,148214,148216,148218,148221,148223],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,148213,8105],{"class":141},[36,148215,145],{"class":50},[36,148217,88],{"class":87},[36,148219,148220],{"class":91},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[36,148222,88],{"class":87},[36,148224,152],{"class":50},[14,148226,182],{},[26,148228,148230],{"className":28,"code":148229,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[33,148231,148232],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,148233,148234,148237,148239,148241,148243,148246],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,148235,148236],{"class":42},"The answer ",[36,148238,211],{"class":87},[36,148240,8694],{"class":91},[36,148242,211],{"class":87},[36,148244,148245],{"class":42}," appears more than once",[36,148247,122235],{"class":50},[21,148249,41082],{"id":41081},[14,148251,35441,148252,104419],{},[33,148253,147728],{},[246,148255,148256,148259,148262,148265],{},[249,148257,148258],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[249,148260,148261],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[249,148263,148264],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[249,148266,148267],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[14,148269,2257],{},[26,148271,148273],{"className":28,"code":148272,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[33,148274,148275,148303,148307,148329],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,148276,148277,148279,148281,148283,148285,148287,148289,148291,148293,148295,148297,148299,148301],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,148278,5103],{"class":42},[36,148280,47],{"class":46},[36,148282,1131],{"class":50},[36,148284,631],{"class":54},[36,148286,58],{"class":50},[36,148288,636],{"class":54},[36,148290,58],{"class":50},[36,148292,6044],{"class":54},[36,148294,58],{"class":50},[36,148296,645],{"class":54},[36,148298,58],{"class":50},[36,148300,6044],{"class":54},[36,148302,152],{"class":50},[36,148304,148305],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,148306,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,148308,148309,148311,148313,148315,148317,148319,148321,148323,148325,148327],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,148310,7037],{"class":3917},[36,148312,5150],{"class":42},[36,148314,303],{"class":50},[36,148316,41296],{"class":148},[36,148318,145],{"class":50},[36,148320,631],{"class":54},[36,148322,3703],{"class":50},[36,148324,51327],{"class":46},[36,148326,61],{"class":54},[36,148328,6433],{"class":50},[36,148330,148331,148333,148335,148337,148340,148342],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,148332,8105],{"class":141},[36,148334,145],{"class":50},[36,148336,88],{"class":87},[36,148338,148339],{"class":91},"The score 10 is repeated.",[36,148341,88],{"class":87},[36,148343,152],{"class":50},[14,148345,182],{},[26,148347,148349],{"className":28,"code":148348,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[33,148350,148351],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,148352,148353,148356,148358,148360,148363],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,148354,148355],{"class":42},"The score ",[36,148357,631],{"class":54},[36,148359,8132],{"class":46},[36,148361,148362],{"class":42}," repeated",[36,148364,122235],{"class":50},[21,148366,148368],{"id":148367},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[14,148370,148371],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[246,148373,148374,148380,148385,148388],{},[249,148375,148376,148377,148379],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[33,148378,57328],{}," still works because it only reads data",[249,148381,148382,148384],{},[33,148383,57328],{}," counts exact matches",[249,148386,148387],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[249,148389,148390,482,148392,148394],{},[33,148391,55],{},[33,148393,42195],{}," compare as equal in Python",[14,148396,2257],{},[26,148398,148400],{"className":28,"code":148399,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[33,148401,148402,148436,148440,148460,148484],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,148403,148404,148406,148408,148410,148412,148414,148417,148419,148421,148424,148426,148428,148430,148432,148434],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,148405,621],{"class":42},[36,148407,47],{"class":46},[36,148409,1131],{"class":50},[36,148411,55],{"class":54},[36,148413,58],{"class":50},[36,148415,148416],{"class":54}," 1.0",[36,148418,58],{"class":50},[36,148420,99],{"class":87},[36,148422,148423],{"class":91},"Cat",[36,148425,88],{"class":87},[36,148427,58],{"class":50},[36,148429,99],{"class":87},[36,148431,37082],{"class":91},[36,148433,88],{"class":87},[36,148435,152],{"class":50},[36,148437,148438],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,148439,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,148441,148442,148444,148446,148448,148450,148452,148454,148456,148458],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,148443,142],{"class":141},[36,148445,145],{"class":50},[36,148447,656],{"class":148},[36,148449,303],{"class":50},[36,148451,41296],{"class":148},[36,148453,145],{"class":50},[36,148455,55],{"class":54},[36,148457,5402],{"class":50},[36,148459,51133],{"class":1617},[36,148461,148462,148464,148466,148468,148470,148472,148474,148476,148478,148480,148482],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,148463,142],{"class":141},[36,148465,145],{"class":50},[36,148467,656],{"class":148},[36,148469,303],{"class":50},[36,148471,41296],{"class":148},[36,148473,145],{"class":50},[36,148475,88],{"class":87},[36,148477,148423],{"class":91},[36,148479,88],{"class":87},[36,148481,5402],{"class":50},[36,148483,27814],{"class":1617},[36,148485,148486,148488,148490,148492,148494,148496,148498,148500,148502,148504,148506],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,148487,142],{"class":141},[36,148489,145],{"class":50},[36,148491,656],{"class":148},[36,148493,303],{"class":50},[36,148495,41296],{"class":148},[36,148497,145],{"class":50},[36,148499,88],{"class":87},[36,148501,37082],{"class":91},[36,148503,88],{"class":87},[36,148505,5402],{"class":50},[36,148507,27814],{"class":1617},[14,148509,5198,148510,5201,148513,2541],{},[33,148511,148512],{},"values.count(1)",[33,148514,481],{},[14,148516,8822,148517,4822,148520,148522],{},[33,148518,148519],{},"1 == 1.0",[33,148521,3649],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[21,148524,1455],{"id":1454},[376,148526,1462,148528,148530],{"id":148527},"using-count-without-parentheses",[33,148529,41296],{}," without parentheses",[14,148532,148533],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[26,148535,148537],{"className":28,"code":148536,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[33,148538,148539,148563],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,148540,148541,148543,148545,148547,148549,148551,148553,148555,148557,148559,148561],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,148542,43],{"class":42},[36,148544,47],{"class":46},[36,148546,1131],{"class":50},[36,148548,55],{"class":54},[36,148550,58],{"class":50},[36,148552,61],{"class":54},[36,148554,58],{"class":50},[36,148556,61],{"class":54},[36,148558,58],{"class":50},[36,148560,66],{"class":54},[36,148562,152],{"class":50},[36,148564,148565,148567,148569,148571,148573,148575],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,148566,142],{"class":141},[36,148568,145],{"class":50},[36,148570,149],{"class":148},[36,148572,303],{"class":50},[36,148574,41296],{"class":24783},[36,148576,152],{"class":50},[14,148578,148579],{},"To call the method correctly:",[26,148581,148583],{"className":28,"code":148582,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[33,148584,148585],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,148586,148587,148589,148591,148593,148595,148597,148599,148601],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,148588,142],{"class":141},[36,148590,145],{"class":50},[36,148592,149],{"class":148},[36,148594,303],{"class":50},[36,148596,41296],{"class":148},[36,148598,145],{"class":50},[36,148600,481],{"class":54},[36,148602,445],{"class":50},[376,148604,8489,148605,8492,148607,298,148609],{"id":58631},[33,148606,57328],{},[33,148608,3649],{},[33,148610,3716],{},[14,148612,148613,58642],{},[33,148614,57328],{},[26,148616,148618],{"className":28,"code":148617,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[33,148619,148620,148652,148674,148678],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,148621,148622,148624,148626,148628,148630,148632,148634,148636,148638,148640,148642,148644,148646,148648,148650],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,148623,697],{"class":42},[36,148625,47],{"class":46},[36,148627,1131],{"class":50},[36,148629,88],{"class":87},[36,148631,294],{"class":91},[36,148633,88],{"class":87},[36,148635,58],{"class":50},[36,148637,99],{"class":87},[36,148639,1707],{"class":91},[36,148641,88],{"class":87},[36,148643,58],{"class":50},[36,148645,99],{"class":87},[36,148647,294],{"class":91},[36,148649,88],{"class":87},[36,148651,152],{"class":50},[36,148653,148654,148656,148658,148660,148662,148664,148666,148668,148670,148672],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,148655,2280],{"class":42},[36,148657,47],{"class":46},[36,148659,70132],{"class":42},[36,148661,303],{"class":50},[36,148663,41296],{"class":148},[36,148665,145],{"class":50},[36,148667,88],{"class":87},[36,148669,294],{"class":91},[36,148671,88],{"class":87},[36,148673,152],{"class":50},[36,148675,148676],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,148677,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,148679,148680,148682,148684,148686,148688],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,148681,142],{"class":141},[36,148683,145],{"class":50},[36,148685,2315],{"class":148},[36,148687,3703],{"class":50},[36,148689,51454],{"class":1617},[14,148691,148692,148693,148695],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[33,148694,3924],{}," is often simpler:",[26,148697,148699],{"className":28,"code":148698,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[33,148700,148701],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,148702,148703,148705,148707,148709,148711,148713,148715,148717,148719],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,148704,142],{"class":141},[36,148706,145],{"class":50},[36,148708,88],{"class":87},[36,148710,294],{"class":91},[36,148712,88],{"class":87},[36,148714,21205],{"class":3917},[36,148716,70132],{"class":148},[36,148718,3703],{"class":50},[36,148720,3706],{"class":1617},[376,148722,37239,148724,8741,148726],{"id":148723},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[33,148725,147728],{},[33,148727,57333],{},[14,148729,148730],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[14,148732,148733],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[376,148735,148737],{"id":148736},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[14,148739,148740,148742],{},[33,148741,57328],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[26,148744,148746],{"className":28,"code":148745,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[33,148747,148748,148781,148807],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,148749,148750,148752,148754,148756,148758,148760,148762,148764,148766,148769,148771,148773,148775,148777,148779],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,148751,75],{"class":42},[36,148753,47],{"class":46},[36,148755,1131],{"class":50},[36,148757,88],{"class":87},[36,148759,92],{"class":91},[36,148761,88],{"class":87},[36,148763,58],{"class":50},[36,148765,99],{"class":87},[36,148767,148768],{"class":91},"pineapple",[36,148770,88],{"class":87},[36,148772,58],{"class":50},[36,148774,99],{"class":87},[36,148776,92],{"class":91},[36,148778,88],{"class":87},[36,148780,152],{"class":50},[36,148782,148783,148785,148787,148789,148791,148793,148795,148797,148800,148802,148804],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,148784,142],{"class":141},[36,148786,145],{"class":50},[36,148788,162],{"class":148},[36,148790,303],{"class":50},[36,148792,41296],{"class":148},[36,148794,145],{"class":50},[36,148796,88],{"class":87},[36,148798,148799],{"class":91},"app",[36,148801,88],{"class":87},[36,148803,5402],{"class":50},[36,148805,148806],{"class":1617},"    # 0\n",[36,148808,148809,148811,148813,148815,148817,148819,148821,148823,148825,148827,148829],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,148810,142],{"class":141},[36,148812,145],{"class":50},[36,148814,162],{"class":148},[36,148816,303],{"class":50},[36,148818,41296],{"class":148},[36,148820,145],{"class":50},[36,148822,88],{"class":87},[36,148824,92],{"class":91},[36,148826,88],{"class":87},[36,148828,5402],{"class":50},[36,148830,51454],{"class":1617},[14,148832,148833,148836,148837,303],{},[33,148834,148835],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[33,148838,2166],{},[21,148840,148842],{"id":148841},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[14,148844,148845],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[246,148847,148848,148853,148862,148868],{},[249,148849,495,148850,148852],{},[33,148851,3924],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[249,148854,495,148855,148861],{},[294,148856,148858,148859],{"href":148857},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[33,148860,59006],{}," to find the position of a value",[249,148863,495,148864,148867],{},[33,148865,148866],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[249,148869,148870],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[14,148872,46078,148873,1213],{},[33,148874,3924],{},[26,148876,148878],{"className":28,"code":148877,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[33,148879,148880,148900,148904,148920],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,148881,148882,148884,148886,148888,148890,148892,148894,148896,148898],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,148883,43],{"class":42},[36,148885,47],{"class":46},[36,148887,1131],{"class":50},[36,148889,2554],{"class":54},[36,148891,58],{"class":50},[36,148893,6033],{"class":54},[36,148895,58],{"class":50},[36,148897,54175],{"class":54},[36,148899,152],{"class":50},[36,148901,148902],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,148903,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,148905,148906,148908,148910,148912,148914,148916,148918],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,148907,142],{"class":141},[36,148909,145],{"class":50},[36,148911,2073],{"class":54},[36,148913,21205],{"class":3917},[36,148915,4301],{"class":148},[36,148917,3703],{"class":50},[36,148919,43893],{"class":1617},[36,148921,148922,148924,148926,148928,148930,148932,148934],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,148923,142],{"class":141},[36,148925,145],{"class":50},[36,148927,2183],{"class":54},[36,148929,21205],{"class":3917},[36,148931,4301],{"class":148},[36,148933,3703],{"class":50},[36,148935,43910],{"class":1617},[14,148937,46078,148938,1213],{},[33,148939,59006],{},[26,148941,148943],{"className":28,"code":148942,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[33,148944,148945,148969],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,148946,148947,148949,148951,148953,148955,148957,148959,148961,148963,148965,148967],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,148948,43],{"class":42},[36,148950,47],{"class":46},[36,148952,1131],{"class":50},[36,148954,2554],{"class":54},[36,148956,58],{"class":50},[36,148958,6033],{"class":54},[36,148960,58],{"class":50},[36,148962,54175],{"class":54},[36,148964,58],{"class":50},[36,148966,6033],{"class":54},[36,148968,152],{"class":50},[36,148970,148971,148973,148975,148977,148979,148981,148983,148985,148987],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,148972,142],{"class":141},[36,148974,145],{"class":50},[36,148976,149],{"class":148},[36,148978,303],{"class":50},[36,148980,35882],{"class":148},[36,148982,145],{"class":50},[36,148984,2073],{"class":54},[36,148986,5402],{"class":50},[36,148988,27814],{"class":1617},[14,148990,148991,148993,148994,148996,148998],{},[33,148992,57328],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9876,148995],{},[33,148997,59006],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[21,149000,1872],{"id":1871},[376,149002,5182,149004,5185],{"id":149003},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[33,149005,147728],{},[14,149007,149008],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[376,149010,12735,149012,149014],{"id":149011},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[33,149013,147728],{}," change the tuple?",[14,149016,149017],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[376,149019,149021],{"id":149020},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[14,149023,11941,149024,303],{},[33,149025,2166],{},[376,149027,5210,149029,149031],{"id":149028},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[33,149030,147728],{}," count strings?",[14,149033,149034],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[376,149036,5220,149038,482,149040,2541],{"id":149037},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[33,149039,147728],{},[33,149041,149042],{},"tuple.index()",[14,149044,149045,149047,149048,149050],{},[33,149046,57328],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[33,149049,59006],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[21,149052,1923],{"id":1922},[246,149054,149055,149059,149064,149071,149079],{},[249,149056,149057],{},[294,149058,147837],{"href":147836},[249,149060,149061],{},[294,149062,149063],{"href":147840},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[249,149065,149066],{},[294,149067,149068,149069,1939],{"href":148857},"Python tuple ",[33,149070,59006],{},[249,149072,149073],{},[294,149074,149076,149077],{"href":149075},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[33,149078,42398],{},[249,149080,149081],{},[294,149082,58994],{"href":58993},[1962,149084,149085],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":149087},[149088,149090,149093,149094,149095,149096,149097,149105,149106,149117],{"id":147804,"depth":72,"text":149089},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147844,"depth":72,"text":147845,"children":149091},[149092],{"id":102955,"depth":118,"text":102956},{"id":11504,"depth":72,"text":11505},{"id":38055,"depth":72,"text":38056},{"id":41081,"depth":72,"text":41082},{"id":148367,"depth":72,"text":148368},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455,"children":149098},[149099,149101,149102,149104],{"id":148527,"depth":118,"text":149100},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58631,"depth":118,"text":59047},{"id":148723,"depth":118,"text":149103},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148736,"depth":118,"text":148737},{"id":148841,"depth":72,"text":148842},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":149107},[149108,149110,149112,149113,149115],{"id":149003,"depth":118,"text":149109},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149011,"depth":118,"text":149111},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149020,"depth":118,"text":149021},{"id":149028,"depth":118,"text":149114},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149037,"depth":118,"text":149116},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147715,"description":149118},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149125,"title":149126,"body":149127,"description":150814,"extension":2009,"meta":150815,"navigation":134,"path":150816,"seo":150817,"stem":150818,"__hash__":150819},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149128,"toc":150777},[149129,149132,149135,149144,149146,149276,149278,149339,149345,149347,149367,149371,149374,149377,149412,149414,149435,149438,149477,149479,149504,149511,149515,149518,149555,149557,149580,149583,149586,149598,149604,149608,149611,149617,149658,149660,149683,149686,149727,149729,149756,149758,149775,149777,149794,149797,149801,149804,149806,149840,149842,149889,149893,149932,149936,149939,149996,149998,150039,150045,150051,150056,150058,150095,150097,150117,150119,150152,150154,150187,150190,150194,150227,150229,150254,150257,150259,150273,150280,150282,150285,150289,150292,150327,150330,150365,150369,150372,150411,150414,150453,150457,150459,150489,150492,150499,150501,150533,150536,150568,150571,150602,150604,150621,150625,150628,150692,150694,150698,150705,150709,150712,150716,150719,150723,150726,150731,150737,150739,150774],[10,149130,149126],{"id":149131},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[14,149133,149134],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[14,149136,149137,149138,298,149142,303],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[294,149139,149141],{"href":149140},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[294,149143,147837],{"href":147836},[21,149145,2051],{"id":2050},[26,149147,149149],{"className":28,"code":149148,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[33,149150,149151,149171,149180,149194,149230,149234,149244,149254,149265],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,149152,149153,149155,149157,149159,149161,149163,149165,149167,149169],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,149154,43],{"class":42},[36,149156,47],{"class":46},[36,149158,1131],{"class":50},[36,149160,55],{"class":54},[36,149162,58],{"class":50},[36,149164,61],{"class":54},[36,149166,58],{"class":50},[36,149168,66],{"class":54},[36,149170,152],{"class":50},[36,149172,149173,149175,149177],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,149174,124701],{"class":42},[36,149176,47],{"class":46},[36,149178,149179],{"class":50}," ()\n",[36,149181,149182,149185,149187,149189,149191],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,149183,149184],{"class":42},"one_item ",[36,149186,47],{"class":46},[36,149188,1131],{"class":50},[36,149190,2183],{"class":54},[36,149192,149193],{"class":50},",)\n",[36,149195,149196,149199,149201,149204,149206,149208,149210,149212,149214,149216,149218,149220,149222,149224,149226,149228],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,149197,149198],{"class":42},"from_list ",[36,149200,47],{"class":46},[36,149202,149203],{"class":80}," tuple",[36,149205,84],{"class":50},[36,149207,88],{"class":87},[36,149209,294],{"class":91},[36,149211,88],{"class":87},[36,149213,58],{"class":50},[36,149215,99],{"class":87},[36,149217,1707],{"class":91},[36,149219,88],{"class":87},[36,149221,58],{"class":50},[36,149223,99],{"class":87},[36,149225,9770],{"class":91},[36,149227,88],{"class":87},[36,149229,115],{"class":50},[36,149231,149232],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,149233,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,149235,149236,149238,149240,149242],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,149237,142],{"class":141},[36,149239,145],{"class":50},[36,149241,149],{"class":148},[36,149243,152],{"class":50},[36,149245,149246,149248,149250,149252],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,149247,142],{"class":141},[36,149249,145],{"class":50},[36,149251,124752],{"class":148},[36,149253,152],{"class":50},[36,149255,149256,149258,149260,149263],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,149257,142],{"class":141},[36,149259,145],{"class":50},[36,149261,149262],{"class":148},"one_item",[36,149264,152],{"class":50},[36,149266,149267,149269,149271,149274],{"class":38,"line":6471},[36,149268,142],{"class":141},[36,149270,145],{"class":50},[36,149272,149273],{"class":148},"from_list",[36,149275,152],{"class":50},[14,149277,182],{},[26,149279,149281],{"className":28,"code":149280,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[33,149282,149283,149299,149303,149311],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,149284,149285,149287,149289,149291,149293,149295,149297],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,149286,145],{"class":50},[36,149288,55],{"class":54},[36,149290,58],{"class":50},[36,149292,61],{"class":54},[36,149294,58],{"class":50},[36,149296,66],{"class":54},[36,149298,152],{"class":50},[36,149300,149301],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,149302,128],{"class":50},[36,149304,149305,149307,149309],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,149306,145],{"class":50},[36,149308,2183],{"class":54},[36,149310,149193],{"class":50},[36,149312,149313,149315,149317,149319,149321,149323,149325,149327,149329,149331,149333,149335,149337],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,149314,145],{"class":50},[36,149316,211],{"class":87},[36,149318,294],{"class":91},[36,149320,211],{"class":87},[36,149322,58],{"class":50},[36,149324,220],{"class":87},[36,149326,1707],{"class":91},[36,149328,211],{"class":87},[36,149330,58],{"class":50},[36,149332,220],{"class":87},[36,149334,9770],{"class":91},[36,149336,211],{"class":87},[36,149338,152],{"class":50},[14,149340,149341,149342,303],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[33,149343,149344],{},"(5,)",[21,149346,244],{"id":243},[246,149348,149349,149352,149355,149358,149361,149364],{},[249,149350,149351],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[249,149353,149354],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[249,149356,149357],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[249,149359,149360],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[249,149362,149363],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[249,149365,149366],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[21,149368,149370],{"id":149369},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[14,149372,149373],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[14,149375,149376],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[26,149378,149380],{"className":28,"code":149379,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,149381,149382,149402],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,149383,149384,149386,149388,149390,149392,149394,149396,149398,149400],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,149385,43],{"class":42},[36,149387,47],{"class":46},[36,149389,1131],{"class":50},[36,149391,55],{"class":54},[36,149393,58],{"class":50},[36,149395,61],{"class":54},[36,149397,58],{"class":50},[36,149399,66],{"class":54},[36,149401,152],{"class":50},[36,149403,149404,149406,149408,149410],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,149405,142],{"class":141},[36,149407,145],{"class":50},[36,149409,149],{"class":148},[36,149411,152],{"class":50},[14,149413,182],{},[26,149415,149417],{"className":28,"code":149416,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[33,149418,149419],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,149420,149421,149423,149425,149427,149429,149431,149433],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,149422,145],{"class":50},[36,149424,55],{"class":54},[36,149426,58],{"class":50},[36,149428,61],{"class":54},[36,149430,58],{"class":50},[36,149432,66],{"class":54},[36,149434,152],{"class":50},[14,149436,149437],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[26,149439,149441],{"className":28,"code":149440,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[33,149442,149443,149467],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,149444,149445,149447,149449,149451,149453,149455,149457,149459,149461,149463,149465],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,149446,9200],{"class":42},[36,149448,47],{"class":46},[36,149450,1131],{"class":50},[36,149452,55],{"class":54},[36,149454,58],{"class":50},[36,149456,99],{"class":87},[36,149458,92],{"class":91},[36,149460,88],{"class":87},[36,149462,58],{"class":50},[36,149464,1144],{"class":1143},[36,149466,152],{"class":50},[36,149468,149469,149471,149473,149475],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,149470,142],{"class":141},[36,149472,145],{"class":50},[36,149474,9239],{"class":148},[36,149476,152],{"class":50},[14,149478,182],{},[26,149480,149482],{"className":28,"code":149481,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[33,149483,149484],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,149485,149486,149488,149490,149492,149494,149496,149498,149500,149502],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,149487,145],{"class":50},[36,149489,55],{"class":54},[36,149491,58],{"class":50},[36,149493,220],{"class":87},[36,149495,92],{"class":91},[36,149497,211],{"class":87},[36,149499,58],{"class":50},[36,149501,1144],{"class":1143},[36,149503,152],{"class":50},[14,149505,149506,149507,303],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[294,149508,149510],{"href":149509},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[21,149512,149514],{"id":149513},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[14,149516,149517],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[26,149519,149521],{"className":28,"code":149520,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[33,149522,149523,149531,149541],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,149524,149525,149527,149529],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,149526,124701],{"class":42},[36,149528,47],{"class":46},[36,149530,149179],{"class":50},[36,149532,149533,149535,149537,149539],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,149534,142],{"class":141},[36,149536,145],{"class":50},[36,149538,124752],{"class":148},[36,149540,152],{"class":50},[36,149542,149543,149545,149547,149549,149551,149553],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,149544,142],{"class":141},[36,149546,145],{"class":50},[36,149548,818],{"class":80},[36,149550,145],{"class":50},[36,149552,124752],{"class":148},[36,149554,445],{"class":50},[14,149556,182],{},[26,149558,149560],{"className":28,"code":149559,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[33,149561,149562,149566],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,149563,149564],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,149565,128],{"class":50},[36,149567,149568,149570,149572,149574,149576,149578],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,149569,844],{"class":46},[36,149571,848],{"class":847},[36,149573,220],{"class":87},[36,149575,48991],{"class":91},[36,149577,211],{"class":87},[36,149579,857],{"class":46},[14,149581,149582],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[14,149584,149585],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[246,149587,149588,149593],{},[249,149589,149590,149591],{},"Empty tuple: ",[33,149592,7405],{},[249,149594,149595,149596],{},"Empty list: ",[33,149597,3831],{},[14,149599,149600,149601,303],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[294,149602,149603],{"href":57191},"Python list: creating a list",[21,149605,149607],{"id":149606},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[14,149609,149610],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[14,149612,149613,149614,149616],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[180,149615,870],{}," automatically a tuple:",[26,149618,149620],{"className":28,"code":149619,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[33,149621,149622,149634,149644],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,149623,149624,149626,149628,149630,149632],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,149625,1478],{"class":42},[36,149627,47],{"class":46},[36,149629,1131],{"class":50},[36,149631,2183],{"class":54},[36,149633,152],{"class":50},[36,149635,149636,149638,149640,149642],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,149637,142],{"class":141},[36,149639,145],{"class":50},[36,149641,1495],{"class":148},[36,149643,152],{"class":50},[36,149645,149646,149648,149650,149652,149654,149656],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,149647,142],{"class":141},[36,149649,145],{"class":50},[36,149651,818],{"class":80},[36,149653,145],{"class":50},[36,149655,1495],{"class":148},[36,149657,445],{"class":50},[14,149659,182],{},[26,149661,149663],{"className":28,"code":149662,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[33,149664,149665,149669],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,149666,149667],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,149668,2996],{"class":54},[36,149670,149671,149673,149675,149677,149679,149681],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,149672,844],{"class":46},[36,149674,848],{"class":847},[36,149676,220],{"class":87},[36,149678,2237],{"class":91},[36,149680,211],{"class":87},[36,149682,857],{"class":46},[14,149684,149685],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[26,149687,149689],{"className":28,"code":149688,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[33,149690,149691,149703,149713],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,149692,149693,149695,149697,149699,149701],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,149694,149184],{"class":42},[36,149696,47],{"class":46},[36,149698,1131],{"class":50},[36,149700,2183],{"class":54},[36,149702,149193],{"class":50},[36,149704,149705,149707,149709,149711],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,149706,142],{"class":141},[36,149708,145],{"class":50},[36,149710,149262],{"class":148},[36,149712,152],{"class":50},[36,149714,149715,149717,149719,149721,149723,149725],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,149716,142],{"class":141},[36,149718,145],{"class":50},[36,149720,818],{"class":80},[36,149722,145],{"class":50},[36,149724,149262],{"class":148},[36,149726,445],{"class":50},[14,149728,182],{},[26,149730,149732],{"className":28,"code":149731,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[33,149733,149734,149742],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,149735,149736,149738,149740],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,149737,145],{"class":50},[36,149739,2183],{"class":54},[36,149741,149193],{"class":50},[36,149743,149744,149746,149748,149750,149752,149754],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,149745,844],{"class":46},[36,149747,848],{"class":847},[36,149749,220],{"class":87},[36,149751,48991],{"class":91},[36,149753,211],{"class":87},[36,149755,857],{"class":46},[14,149757,16685],{},[26,149759,149761],{"className":28,"code":149760,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"(\"apple\",)\n",[33,149762,149763],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,149764,149765,149767,149769,149771,149773],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,149766,145],{"class":50},[36,149768,88],{"class":87},[36,149770,92],{"class":91},[36,149772,88],{"class":87},[36,149774,149193],{"class":50},[14,149776,16673],{},[26,149778,149780],{"className":28,"code":149779,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"(\"apple\")\n",[33,149781,149782],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,149783,149784,149786,149788,149790,149792],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,149785,145],{"class":50},[36,149787,88],{"class":87},[36,149789,92],{"class":91},[36,149791,88],{"class":87},[36,149793,152],{"class":50},[14,149795,149796],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[21,149798,149800],{"id":149799},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[14,149802,149803],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[376,149805,1096],{"id":149},[26,149807,149808],{"className":28,"code":149379,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,149809,149810,149830],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,149811,149812,149814,149816,149818,149820,149822,149824,149826,149828],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,149813,43],{"class":42},[36,149815,47],{"class":46},[36,149817,1131],{"class":50},[36,149819,55],{"class":54},[36,149821,58],{"class":50},[36,149823,61],{"class":54},[36,149825,58],{"class":50},[36,149827,66],{"class":54},[36,149829,152],{"class":50},[36,149831,149832,149834,149836,149838],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,149833,142],{"class":141},[36,149835,145],{"class":50},[36,149837,149],{"class":148},[36,149839,152],{"class":50},[376,149841,512],{"id":5350},[26,149843,149845],{"className":28,"code":149844,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[33,149846,149847,149879],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,149848,149849,149851,149853,149855,149857,149859,149861,149863,149865,149867,149869,149871,149873,149875,149877],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,149850,13108],{"class":42},[36,149852,47],{"class":46},[36,149854,1131],{"class":50},[36,149856,88],{"class":87},[36,149858,13125],{"class":91},[36,149860,88],{"class":87},[36,149862,58],{"class":50},[36,149864,99],{"class":87},[36,149866,17486],{"class":91},[36,149868,88],{"class":87},[36,149870,58],{"class":50},[36,149872,99],{"class":87},[36,149874,13142],{"class":91},[36,149876,88],{"class":87},[36,149878,152],{"class":50},[36,149880,149881,149883,149885,149887],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,149882,142],{"class":141},[36,149884,145],{"class":50},[36,149886,17533],{"class":148},[36,149888,152],{"class":50},[376,149890,149892],{"id":149891},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[26,149894,149896],{"className":28,"code":149895,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[33,149897,149898,149922],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,149899,149900,149902,149904,149906,149908,149910,149912,149914,149916,149918,149920],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,149901,59511],{"class":42},[36,149903,47],{"class":46},[36,149905,1131],{"class":50},[36,149907,55],{"class":54},[36,149909,58],{"class":50},[36,149911,99],{"class":87},[36,149913,92],{"class":91},[36,149915,88],{"class":87},[36,149917,58],{"class":50},[36,149919,1144],{"class":1143},[36,149921,152],{"class":50},[36,149923,149924,149926,149928,149930],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,149925,142],{"class":141},[36,149927,145],{"class":50},[36,149929,59564],{"class":148},[36,149931,152],{"class":50},[376,149933,149935],{"id":149934},"nested-values","Nested values",[14,149937,149938],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[26,149940,149942],{"className":28,"code":149941,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[33,149943,149944,149985],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,149945,149946,149949,149951,149953,149955,149957,149959,149961,149963,149965,149967,149969,149971,149973,149975,149977,149979,149981,149983],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,149947,149948],{"class":42},"nested ",[36,149950,47],{"class":46},[36,149952,1131],{"class":50},[36,149954,55],{"class":54},[36,149956,58],{"class":50},[36,149958,1131],{"class":50},[36,149960,88],{"class":87},[36,149962,294],{"class":91},[36,149964,88],{"class":87},[36,149966,58],{"class":50},[36,149968,99],{"class":87},[36,149970,1707],{"class":91},[36,149972,88],{"class":87},[36,149974,1140],{"class":50},[36,149976,1333],{"class":50},[36,149978,631],{"class":54},[36,149980,58],{"class":50},[36,149982,636],{"class":54},[36,149984,115],{"class":50},[36,149986,149987,149989,149991,149994],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,149988,142],{"class":141},[36,149990,145],{"class":50},[36,149992,149993],{"class":148},"nested",[36,149995,152],{"class":50},[14,149997,182],{},[26,149999,150001],{"className":28,"code":150000,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[33,150002,150003],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,150004,150005,150007,150009,150011,150013,150015,150017,150019,150021,150023,150025,150027,150029,150031,150033,150035,150037],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,150006,145],{"class":50},[36,150008,55],{"class":54},[36,150010,58],{"class":50},[36,150012,1131],{"class":50},[36,150014,211],{"class":87},[36,150016,294],{"class":91},[36,150018,211],{"class":87},[36,150020,58],{"class":50},[36,150022,220],{"class":87},[36,150024,1707],{"class":91},[36,150026,211],{"class":87},[36,150028,1140],{"class":50},[36,150030,1333],{"class":50},[36,150032,631],{"class":54},[36,150034,58],{"class":50},[36,150036,636],{"class":54},[36,150038,115],{"class":50},[21,150040,150042,150043],{"id":150041},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[33,150044,38082],{},[14,150046,150047,150048,150050],{},"You can use the built-in ",[33,150049,38082],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[14,150052,150053,150054,303],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[294,150055,63253],{"href":63252},[376,150057,105096],{"id":105095},[26,150059,150061],{"className":28,"code":150060,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,150062,150063,150085],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,150064,150065,150067,150069,150071,150073,150075,150077,150079,150081,150083],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,150066,43],{"class":42},[36,150068,47],{"class":46},[36,150070,149203],{"class":80},[36,150072,84],{"class":50},[36,150074,55],{"class":54},[36,150076,58],{"class":50},[36,150078,61],{"class":54},[36,150080,58],{"class":50},[36,150082,66],{"class":54},[36,150084,115],{"class":50},[36,150086,150087,150089,150091,150093],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,150088,142],{"class":141},[36,150090,145],{"class":50},[36,150092,149],{"class":148},[36,150094,152],{"class":50},[14,150096,182],{},[26,150098,150099],{"className":28,"code":149416,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,150100,150101],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,150102,150103,150105,150107,150109,150111,150113,150115],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,150104,145],{"class":50},[36,150106,55],{"class":54},[36,150108,58],{"class":50},[36,150110,61],{"class":54},[36,150112,58],{"class":50},[36,150114,66],{"class":54},[36,150116,152],{"class":50},[376,150118,105282],{"id":105281},[26,150120,150122],{"className":28,"code":150121,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[33,150123,150124,150142],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,150125,150126,150128,150130,150132,150134,150136,150138,150140],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,150127,697],{"class":42},[36,150129,47],{"class":46},[36,150131,149203],{"class":80},[36,150133,145],{"class":50},[36,150135,88],{"class":87},[36,150137,41597],{"class":91},[36,150139,88],{"class":87},[36,150141,152],{"class":50},[36,150143,150144,150146,150148,150150],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,150145,142],{"class":141},[36,150147,145],{"class":50},[36,150149,721],{"class":148},[36,150151,152],{"class":50},[14,150153,182],{},[26,150155,150157],{"className":28,"code":150156,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[33,150158,150159],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,150160,150161,150163,150165,150167,150169,150171,150173,150175,150177,150179,150181,150183,150185],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,150162,145],{"class":50},[36,150164,211],{"class":87},[36,150166,294],{"class":91},[36,150168,211],{"class":87},[36,150170,58],{"class":50},[36,150172,220],{"class":87},[36,150174,1707],{"class":91},[36,150176,211],{"class":87},[36,150178,58],{"class":50},[36,150180,220],{"class":87},[36,150182,9770],{"class":91},[36,150184,211],{"class":87},[36,150186,152],{"class":50},[14,150188,150189],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[376,150191,150193],{"id":150192},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[26,150195,150197],{"className":28,"code":150196,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[33,150198,150199,150217],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,150200,150201,150203,150205,150207,150209,150211,150213,150215],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,150202,621],{"class":42},[36,150204,47],{"class":46},[36,150206,149203],{"class":80},[36,150208,145],{"class":50},[36,150210,60037],{"class":141},[36,150212,145],{"class":50},[36,150214,2554],{"class":54},[36,150216,445],{"class":50},[36,150218,150219,150221,150223,150225],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,150220,142],{"class":141},[36,150222,145],{"class":50},[36,150224,656],{"class":148},[36,150226,152],{"class":50},[14,150228,182],{},[26,150230,150232],{"className":28,"code":150231,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[33,150233,150234],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,150235,150236,150238,150240,150242,150244,150246,150248,150250,150252],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,150237,145],{"class":50},[36,150239,2166],{"class":54},[36,150241,58],{"class":50},[36,150243,1340],{"class":54},[36,150245,58],{"class":50},[36,150247,61],{"class":54},[36,150249,58],{"class":50},[36,150251,66],{"class":54},[36,150253,152],{"class":50},[14,150255,150256],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[21,150258,20833],{"id":20832},[246,150260,150261,150264,150267,150270],{},[249,150262,150263],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[249,150265,150266],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[249,150268,150269],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[249,150271,150272],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[14,150274,150275,150276,303],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[294,150277,150279],{"href":150278},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[21,150281,1455],{"id":1454},[14,150283,150284],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[376,150286,150288],{"id":150287},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[14,150290,150291],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[26,150293,150295],{"className":28,"code":150294,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[33,150296,150297,150313],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,150298,150299,150301,150303,150305,150307,150309,150311],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,150300,28573],{"class":42},[36,150302,47],{"class":46},[36,150304,1131],{"class":50},[36,150306,88],{"class":87},[36,150308,92],{"class":91},[36,150310,88],{"class":87},[36,150312,152],{"class":50},[36,150314,150315,150317,150319,150321,150323,150325],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,150316,142],{"class":141},[36,150318,145],{"class":50},[36,150320,818],{"class":80},[36,150322,145],{"class":50},[36,150324,23343],{"class":148},[36,150326,445],{"class":50},[14,150328,150329],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[26,150331,150333],{"className":28,"code":150332,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[33,150334,150335,150351],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,150336,150337,150339,150341,150343,150345,150347,150349],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,150338,28573],{"class":42},[36,150340,47],{"class":46},[36,150342,1131],{"class":50},[36,150344,88],{"class":87},[36,150346,92],{"class":91},[36,150348,88],{"class":87},[36,150350,149193],{"class":50},[36,150352,150353,150355,150357,150359,150361,150363],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,150354,142],{"class":141},[36,150356,145],{"class":50},[36,150358,818],{"class":80},[36,150360,145],{"class":50},[36,150362,23343],{"class":148},[36,150364,445],{"class":50},[376,150366,150368],{"id":150367},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[14,150370,150371],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[26,150373,150375],{"className":28,"code":150374,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[33,150376,150377,150397],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,150378,150379,150381,150383,150385,150387,150389,150391,150393,150395],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,150380,621],{"class":42},[36,150382,47],{"class":46},[36,150384,1333],{"class":50},[36,150386,55],{"class":54},[36,150388,58],{"class":50},[36,150390,61],{"class":54},[36,150392,58],{"class":50},[36,150394,66],{"class":54},[36,150396,1355],{"class":50},[36,150398,150399,150401,150403,150405,150407,150409],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,150400,142],{"class":141},[36,150402,145],{"class":50},[36,150404,818],{"class":80},[36,150406,145],{"class":50},[36,150408,656],{"class":148},[36,150410,445],{"class":50},[14,150412,150413],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[26,150415,150417],{"className":28,"code":150416,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[33,150418,150419,150439],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,150420,150421,150423,150425,150427,150429,150431,150433,150435,150437],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,150422,621],{"class":42},[36,150424,47],{"class":46},[36,150426,1131],{"class":50},[36,150428,55],{"class":54},[36,150430,58],{"class":50},[36,150432,61],{"class":54},[36,150434,58],{"class":50},[36,150436,66],{"class":54},[36,150438,152],{"class":50},[36,150440,150441,150443,150445,150447,150449,150451],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,150442,142],{"class":141},[36,150444,145],{"class":50},[36,150446,818],{"class":80},[36,150448,145],{"class":50},[36,150450,656],{"class":148},[36,150452,445],{"class":50},[376,150454,150456],{"id":150455},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[14,150458,150269],{},[26,150460,150462],{"className":28,"code":150461,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[33,150463,150464,150484],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,150465,150466,150468,150470,150472,150474,150476,150478,150480,150482],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,150467,43],{"class":42},[36,150469,47],{"class":46},[36,150471,1131],{"class":50},[36,150473,55],{"class":54},[36,150475,58],{"class":50},[36,150477,61],{"class":54},[36,150479,58],{"class":50},[36,150481,66],{"class":54},[36,150483,152],{"class":50},[36,150485,150486],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,150487,150488],{"class":1617},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[14,150490,150491],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[376,150493,37239,150495,150498],{"id":150494},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[33,150496,150497],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[14,150500,64679],{},[26,150502,150503],{"className":28,"code":150121,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,150504,150505,150523],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,150506,150507,150509,150511,150513,150515,150517,150519,150521],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,150508,697],{"class":42},[36,150510,47],{"class":46},[36,150512,149203],{"class":80},[36,150514,145],{"class":50},[36,150516,88],{"class":87},[36,150518,41597],{"class":91},[36,150520,88],{"class":87},[36,150522,152],{"class":50},[36,150524,150525,150527,150529,150531],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,150526,142],{"class":141},[36,150528,145],{"class":50},[36,150530,721],{"class":148},[36,150532,152],{"class":50},[14,150534,150535],{},"gives:",[26,150537,150538],{"className":28,"code":150156,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,150539,150540],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,150541,150542,150544,150546,150548,150550,150552,150554,150556,150558,150560,150562,150564,150566],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,150543,145],{"class":50},[36,150545,211],{"class":87},[36,150547,294],{"class":91},[36,150549,211],{"class":87},[36,150551,58],{"class":50},[36,150553,220],{"class":87},[36,150555,1707],{"class":91},[36,150557,211],{"class":87},[36,150559,58],{"class":50},[36,150561,220],{"class":87},[36,150563,9770],{"class":91},[36,150565,211],{"class":87},[36,150567,152],{"class":50},[14,150569,150570],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[26,150572,150574],{"className":28,"code":150573,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[33,150575,150576,150592],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,150577,150578,150580,150582,150584,150586,150588,150590],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,150579,6194],{"class":42},[36,150581,47],{"class":46},[36,150583,1131],{"class":50},[36,150585,88],{"class":87},[36,150587,41597],{"class":91},[36,150589,88],{"class":87},[36,150591,149193],{"class":50},[36,150593,150594,150596,150598,150600],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,150595,142],{"class":141},[36,150597,145],{"class":50},[36,150599,38427],{"class":148},[36,150601,152],{"class":50},[14,150603,182],{},[26,150605,150607],{"className":28,"code":150606,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"('abc',)\n",[33,150608,150609],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,150610,150611,150613,150615,150617,150619],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,150612,145],{"class":50},[36,150614,211],{"class":87},[36,150616,41597],{"class":91},[36,150618,211],{"class":87},[36,150620,149193],{"class":50},[376,150622,150624],{"id":150623},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[14,150626,150627],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[26,150629,150631],{"className":28,"code":150630,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[33,150632,150633,150650,150654,150664,150678],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,150634,150635,150638,150640,150642,150644,150646,150648],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,150636,150637],{"class":42},"my_tuple ",[36,150639,47],{"class":46},[36,150641,1131],{"class":50},[36,150643,88],{"class":87},[36,150645,92],{"class":91},[36,150647,88],{"class":87},[36,150649,149193],{"class":50},[36,150651,150652],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,150653,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,150655,150656,150658,150660,150662],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,150657,142],{"class":141},[36,150659,145],{"class":50},[36,150661,147855],{"class":148},[36,150663,152],{"class":50},[36,150665,150666,150668,150670,150672,150674,150676],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,150667,142],{"class":141},[36,150669,145],{"class":50},[36,150671,818],{"class":80},[36,150673,145],{"class":50},[36,150675,147855],{"class":148},[36,150677,445],{"class":50},[36,150679,150680,150682,150684,150686,150688,150690],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,150681,142],{"class":141},[36,150683,145],{"class":50},[36,150685,438],{"class":141},[36,150687,145],{"class":50},[36,150689,147855],{"class":148},[36,150691,445],{"class":50},[21,150693,1872],{"id":1871},[376,150695,150697],{"id":150696},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[14,150699,150700,150701,150704],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[33,150702,150703],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[376,150706,150708],{"id":150707},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[14,150710,150711],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[376,150713,150715],{"id":150714},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[14,150717,150718],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[376,150720,150722],{"id":150721},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[14,150724,150725],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[376,150727,5182,150729,12747],{"id":150728},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[33,150730,150497],{},[14,150732,5188,150733,150736],{},[33,150734,150735],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[21,150738,1923],{"id":1922},[246,150740,150741,150745,150749,150755,150760,150765,150769],{},[249,150742,150743],{},[294,150744,147837],{"href":147836},[249,150746,150747],{},[294,150748,149510],{"href":149509},[249,150750,150751],{},[294,150752,150754],{"href":150753},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[249,150756,150757],{},[294,150758,150759],{"href":149075},"Python tuple length with len()",[249,150761,150762],{},[294,150763,150764],{"href":149140},"What is a tuple in Python?",[249,150766,150767],{},[294,150768,63253],{"href":63252},[249,150770,150771],{},[294,150772,150773],{"href":150278},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1962,150775,150776],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":150778},[150779,150780,150781,150782,150783,150784,150790,150796,150797,150805,150813],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":243,"depth":72,"text":244},{"id":149369,"depth":72,"text":149370},{"id":149513,"depth":72,"text":149514},{"id":149606,"depth":72,"text":149607},{"id":149799,"depth":72,"text":149800,"children":150785},[150786,150787,150788,150789],{"id":149,"depth":118,"text":1096},{"id":5350,"depth":118,"text":512},{"id":149891,"depth":118,"text":149892},{"id":149934,"depth":118,"text":149935},{"id":150041,"depth":72,"text":150791,"children":150792},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150793,150794,150795],{"id":105095,"depth":118,"text":105096},{"id":105281,"depth":118,"text":105282},{"id":150192,"depth":118,"text":150193},{"id":20832,"depth":72,"text":20833},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455,"children":150798},[150799,150800,150801,150802,150804],{"id":150287,"depth":118,"text":150288},{"id":150367,"depth":118,"text":150368},{"id":150455,"depth":118,"text":150456},{"id":150494,"depth":118,"text":150803},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150623,"depth":118,"text":150624},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":150806},[150807,150808,150809,150810,150811],{"id":150696,"depth":118,"text":150697},{"id":150707,"depth":118,"text":150708},{"id":150714,"depth":118,"text":150715},{"id":150721,"depth":118,"text":150722},{"id":150728,"depth":118,"text":150812},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149126,"description":150814},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150821,"title":150822,"body":150823,"description":152368,"extension":2009,"meta":152369,"navigation":134,"path":152370,"seo":152371,"stem":152372,"__hash__":152373},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150824,"toc":152338},[150825,150828,150833,150835,150848,150854,150856,150923,150925,150960,150965,150969,150973,150975,150986,150994,150996,150998,151019,151021,151041,151044,151046,151051,151094,151096,151118,151121,151134,151138,151142,151145,151198,151200,151221,151226,151230,151233,151278,151280,151313,151325,151329,151337,151374,151376,151405,151409,151412,151465,151467,151487,151494,151498,151503,151572,151574,151599,151603,151606,151612,151689,151691,151750,151752,151764,151769,151773,151777,151791,151793,151828,151830,151847,151850,151863,151867,151871,151882,151887,151902,151905,151908,151910,151913,151917,151919,151933,151935,151959,151964,151968,151971,151990,151993,152042,152047,152064,152067,152100,152104,152106,152157,152160,152185,152188,152211,152215,152221,152223,152258,152261,152266,152268,152272,152275,152279,152284,152288,152291,152295,152298,152302,152307,152309,152335],[10,150826,150822],{"id":150827},"python-tuple-function-explained",[14,150829,9157,150830,150832],{},[33,150831,38082],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[14,150834,82623],{},[246,150836,150837,150842],{},[249,150838,150839,150841],{},[33,150840,38082],{}," creates an empty tuple",[249,150843,150844,150847],{},[33,150845,150846],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[14,150849,150850,150851,150853],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[33,150852,38082],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[21,150855,2051],{"id":2050},[26,150857,150859],{"className":28,"code":150858,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[33,150860,150861,150881,150895,150899,150909],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,150862,150863,150865,150867,150869,150871,150873,150875,150877,150879],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,150864,43],{"class":42},[36,150866,47],{"class":46},[36,150868,1333],{"class":50},[36,150870,55],{"class":54},[36,150872,58],{"class":50},[36,150874,61],{"class":54},[36,150876,58],{"class":50},[36,150878,66],{"class":54},[36,150880,1355],{"class":50},[36,150882,150883,150885,150887,150889,150891,150893],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,150884,2280],{"class":42},[36,150886,47],{"class":46},[36,150888,149203],{"class":80},[36,150890,145],{"class":50},[36,150892,149],{"class":148},[36,150894,152],{"class":50},[36,150896,150897],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,150898,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,150900,150901,150903,150905,150907],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,150902,142],{"class":141},[36,150904,145],{"class":50},[36,150906,2315],{"class":148},[36,150908,152],{"class":50},[36,150910,150911,150913,150915,150917,150919,150921],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,150912,142],{"class":141},[36,150914,145],{"class":50},[36,150916,818],{"class":80},[36,150918,145],{"class":50},[36,150920,2315],{"class":148},[36,150922,445],{"class":50},[14,150924,182],{},[26,150926,150928],{"className":28,"code":150927,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[33,150929,150930,150946],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,150931,150932,150934,150936,150938,150940,150942,150944],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,150933,145],{"class":50},[36,150935,55],{"class":54},[36,150937,58],{"class":50},[36,150939,61],{"class":54},[36,150941,58],{"class":50},[36,150943,66],{"class":54},[36,150945,152],{"class":50},[36,150947,150948,150950,150952,150954,150956,150958],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,150949,844],{"class":46},[36,150951,848],{"class":847},[36,150953,220],{"class":87},[36,150955,48991],{"class":91},[36,150957,211],{"class":87},[36,150959,857],{"class":46},[14,150961,495,150962,150964],{},[33,150963,150846],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[21,150966,150968],{"id":150967},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[14,150970,150971,62961],{},[33,150972,38082],{},[14,150974,48965],{},[246,150976,150977,150980,150983],{},[249,150978,150979],{},"creates a tuple object",[249,150981,150982],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[249,150984,150985],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[14,150987,150988,150989,150991,150992,303],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[294,150990,149141],{"href":149140}," or the full guide to ",[294,150993,147837],{"href":147836},[21,150995,2205],{"id":2204},[14,150997,26521],{},[26,150999,151001],{"className":28,"code":151000,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[33,151002,151003,151009],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,151004,151005,151007],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,151006,48991],{"class":80},[36,151008,128],{"class":50},[36,151010,151011,151013,151015,151017],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,151012,48991],{"class":80},[36,151014,145],{"class":50},[36,151016,3764],{"class":148},[36,151018,152],{"class":50},[14,151020,11488],{},[246,151022,151023,151026],{},[249,151024,151025],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[249,151027,151028,151029],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[246,151030,151031,151033,151035,151037,151039],{},[249,151032,5341],{},[249,151034,5350],{},[249,151036,63032],{},[249,151038,5347],{},[249,151040,7290],{},[14,151042,151043],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[21,151045,149514],{"id":149513},[14,151047,29685,151048,151050],{},[33,151049,38082],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[26,151052,151054],{"className":28,"code":151053,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[33,151055,151056,151066,151070,151080],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,151057,151058,151060,151062,151064],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,151059,124701],{"class":42},[36,151061,47],{"class":46},[36,151063,149203],{"class":80},[36,151065,128],{"class":50},[36,151067,151068],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,151069,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,151071,151072,151074,151076,151078],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,151073,142],{"class":141},[36,151075,145],{"class":50},[36,151077,124752],{"class":148},[36,151079,152],{"class":50},[36,151081,151082,151084,151086,151088,151090,151092],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,151083,142],{"class":141},[36,151085,145],{"class":50},[36,151087,818],{"class":80},[36,151089,145],{"class":50},[36,151091,124752],{"class":148},[36,151093,445],{"class":50},[14,151095,182],{},[26,151097,151098],{"className":28,"code":149559,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,151099,151100,151104],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,151101,151102],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,151103,128],{"class":50},[36,151105,151106,151108,151110,151112,151114,151116],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,151107,844],{"class":46},[36,151109,848],{"class":847},[36,151111,220],{"class":87},[36,151113,48991],{"class":91},[36,151115,211],{"class":87},[36,151117,857],{"class":46},[14,151119,151120],{},"This is equivalent to:",[26,151122,151124],{"className":28,"code":151123,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"empty = ()\n",[33,151125,151126],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,151127,151128,151130,151132],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,151129,124701],{"class":42},[36,151131,47],{"class":46},[36,151133,149179],{"class":50},[21,151135,151137],{"id":151136},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[376,151139,151141],{"id":151140},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[14,151143,151144],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[26,151146,151148],{"className":28,"code":151147,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,151149,151150,151170,151184,151188],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,151151,151152,151154,151156,151158,151160,151162,151164,151166,151168],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,151153,43],{"class":42},[36,151155,47],{"class":46},[36,151157,1333],{"class":50},[36,151159,631],{"class":54},[36,151161,58],{"class":50},[36,151163,636],{"class":54},[36,151165,58],{"class":50},[36,151167,645],{"class":54},[36,151169,1355],{"class":50},[36,151171,151172,151174,151176,151178,151180,151182],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,151173,2280],{"class":42},[36,151175,47],{"class":46},[36,151177,149203],{"class":80},[36,151179,145],{"class":50},[36,151181,149],{"class":148},[36,151183,152],{"class":50},[36,151185,151186],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,151187,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,151189,151190,151192,151194,151196],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,151191,142],{"class":141},[36,151193,145],{"class":50},[36,151195,2315],{"class":148},[36,151197,152],{"class":50},[14,151199,182],{},[26,151201,151203],{"className":28,"code":151202,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[33,151204,151205],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,151206,151207,151209,151211,151213,151215,151217,151219],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,151208,145],{"class":50},[36,151210,631],{"class":54},[36,151212,58],{"class":50},[36,151214,636],{"class":54},[36,151216,58],{"class":50},[36,151218,645],{"class":54},[36,151220,152],{"class":50},[14,151222,151223,151224,303],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[294,151225,104901],{"href":60094},[376,151227,151229],{"id":151228},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[14,151231,151232],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[26,151234,151236],{"className":28,"code":151235,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,151237,151238,151250,151264,151268],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,151239,151240,151242,151244,151246,151248],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,151241,34722],{"class":42},[36,151243,47],{"class":46},[36,151245,99],{"class":87},[36,151247,37082],{"class":91},[36,151249,3403],{"class":87},[36,151251,151252,151254,151256,151258,151260,151262],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,151253,2280],{"class":42},[36,151255,47],{"class":46},[36,151257,149203],{"class":80},[36,151259,145],{"class":50},[36,151261,34743],{"class":148},[36,151263,152],{"class":50},[36,151265,151266],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,151267,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,151269,151270,151272,151274,151276],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,151271,142],{"class":141},[36,151273,145],{"class":50},[36,151275,2315],{"class":148},[36,151277,152],{"class":50},[14,151279,182],{},[26,151281,151283],{"className":28,"code":151282,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[33,151284,151285],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,151286,151287,151289,151291,151293,151295,151297,151299,151301,151303,151305,151307,151309,151311],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,151288,145],{"class":50},[36,151290,211],{"class":87},[36,151292,9770],{"class":91},[36,151294,211],{"class":87},[36,151296,58],{"class":50},[36,151298,220],{"class":87},[36,151300,294],{"class":91},[36,151302,211],{"class":87},[36,151304,58],{"class":50},[36,151306,220],{"class":87},[36,151308,63322],{"class":91},[36,151310,211],{"class":87},[36,151312,152],{"class":50},[14,151314,151315,151316,14086,151319,151321,151322,303],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[33,151317,151318],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[180,151320,870],{}," create ",[33,151323,151324],{},"('cat',)",[376,151326,151328],{"id":151327},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[14,151330,151331,151333,151334,151336],{},[33,151332,517],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[33,151335,38082],{}," collects them all.",[26,151338,151340],{"className":28,"code":151339,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,151341,151342,151360,151364],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,151343,151344,151346,151348,151350,151352,151354,151356,151358],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,151345,2280],{"class":42},[36,151347,47],{"class":46},[36,151349,149203],{"class":80},[36,151351,145],{"class":50},[36,151353,60037],{"class":141},[36,151355,145],{"class":50},[36,151357,2183],{"class":54},[36,151359,445],{"class":50},[36,151361,151362],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,151363,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,151365,151366,151368,151370,151372],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,151367,142],{"class":141},[36,151369,145],{"class":50},[36,151371,2315],{"class":148},[36,151373,152],{"class":50},[14,151375,182],{},[26,151377,151379],{"className":28,"code":151378,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[33,151380,151381],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,151382,151383,151385,151387,151389,151391,151393,151395,151397,151399,151401,151403],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,151384,145],{"class":50},[36,151386,2166],{"class":54},[36,151388,58],{"class":50},[36,151390,1340],{"class":54},[36,151392,58],{"class":50},[36,151394,61],{"class":54},[36,151396,58],{"class":50},[36,151398,66],{"class":54},[36,151400,58],{"class":50},[36,151402,559],{"class":54},[36,151404,152],{"class":50},[376,151406,151408],{"id":151407},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[14,151410,151411],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[26,151413,151415],{"className":28,"code":151414,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,151416,151417,151437,151451,151455],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,151418,151419,151421,151423,151425,151427,151429,151431,151433,151435],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,151420,621],{"class":42},[36,151422,47],{"class":46},[36,151424,51],{"class":50},[36,151426,55],{"class":54},[36,151428,58],{"class":50},[36,151430,61],{"class":54},[36,151432,58],{"class":50},[36,151434,66],{"class":54},[36,151436,69],{"class":50},[36,151438,151439,151441,151443,151445,151447,151449],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,151440,2280],{"class":42},[36,151442,47],{"class":46},[36,151444,149203],{"class":80},[36,151446,145],{"class":50},[36,151448,656],{"class":148},[36,151450,152],{"class":50},[36,151452,151453],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,151454,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,151456,151457,151459,151461,151463],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,151458,142],{"class":141},[36,151460,145],{"class":50},[36,151462,2315],{"class":148},[36,151464,152],{"class":50},[14,151466,182],{},[26,151468,151469],{"className":28,"code":149416,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,151470,151471],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,151472,151473,151475,151477,151479,151481,151483,151485],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,151474,145],{"class":50},[36,151476,55],{"class":54},[36,151478,58],{"class":50},[36,151480,61],{"class":54},[36,151482,58],{"class":50},[36,151484,66],{"class":54},[36,151486,152],{"class":50},[14,151488,151489,151490,303],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[294,151491,151493],{"href":151492},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[376,151495,151497],{"id":151496},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[14,151499,63575,151500,151502],{},[33,151501,38082],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[26,151504,151506],{"className":28,"code":151505,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[33,151507,151508,151544,151558,151562],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,151509,151510,151512,151514,151516,151518,151520,151522,151524,151526,151528,151530,151532,151534,151536,151538,151540,151542],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,151511,13237],{"class":42},[36,151513,47],{"class":46},[36,151515,51],{"class":50},[36,151517,88],{"class":87},[36,151519,1250],{"class":91},[36,151521,88],{"class":87},[36,151523,1213],{"class":50},[36,151525,99],{"class":87},[36,151527,12912],{"class":91},[36,151529,88],{"class":87},[36,151531,58],{"class":50},[36,151533,99],{"class":87},[36,151535,9331],{"class":91},[36,151537,88],{"class":87},[36,151539,1213],{"class":50},[36,151541,9338],{"class":54},[36,151543,69],{"class":50},[36,151545,151546,151548,151550,151552,151554,151556],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,151547,2280],{"class":42},[36,151549,47],{"class":46},[36,151551,149203],{"class":80},[36,151553,145],{"class":50},[36,151555,17337],{"class":148},[36,151557,152],{"class":50},[36,151559,151560],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,151561,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,151563,151564,151566,151568,151570],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,151565,142],{"class":141},[36,151567,145],{"class":50},[36,151569,2315],{"class":148},[36,151571,152],{"class":50},[14,151573,350],{},[26,151575,151577],{"className":28,"code":151576,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"('name', 'age')\n",[33,151578,151579],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,151580,151581,151583,151585,151587,151589,151591,151593,151595,151597],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,151582,145],{"class":50},[36,151584,211],{"class":87},[36,151586,1250],{"class":91},[36,151588,211],{"class":87},[36,151590,58],{"class":50},[36,151592,220],{"class":87},[36,151594,9331],{"class":91},[36,151596,211],{"class":87},[36,151598,152],{"class":50},[21,151600,151602],{"id":151601},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[14,151604,151605],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[14,151607,151608,151611],{},[33,151609,151610],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[26,151613,151615],{"className":28,"code":151614,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[33,151616,151617,151653,151657,151671],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,151618,151619,151621,151623,151625,151627,151629,151631,151633,151635,151637,151639,151641,151643,151645,151647,151649,151651],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,151620,13237],{"class":42},[36,151622,47],{"class":46},[36,151624,51],{"class":50},[36,151626,88],{"class":87},[36,151628,1250],{"class":91},[36,151630,88],{"class":87},[36,151632,1213],{"class":50},[36,151634,99],{"class":87},[36,151636,12912],{"class":91},[36,151638,88],{"class":87},[36,151640,58],{"class":50},[36,151642,99],{"class":87},[36,151644,9331],{"class":91},[36,151646,88],{"class":87},[36,151648,1213],{"class":50},[36,151650,9338],{"class":54},[36,151652,69],{"class":50},[36,151654,151655],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,151656,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,151658,151659,151661,151663,151665,151667,151669],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,151660,142],{"class":141},[36,151662,145],{"class":50},[36,151664,48991],{"class":80},[36,151666,145],{"class":50},[36,151668,17337],{"class":148},[36,151670,445],{"class":50},[36,151672,151673,151675,151677,151679,151681,151683,151685,151687],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,151674,142],{"class":141},[36,151676,145],{"class":50},[36,151678,48991],{"class":80},[36,151680,145],{"class":50},[36,151682,17337],{"class":148},[36,151684,303],{"class":50},[36,151686,1369],{"class":148},[36,151688,6329],{"class":50},[14,151690,182],{},[26,151692,151694],{"className":28,"code":151693,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[33,151695,151696,151716],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,151697,151698,151700,151702,151704,151706,151708,151710,151712,151714],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,151699,145],{"class":50},[36,151701,211],{"class":87},[36,151703,1250],{"class":91},[36,151705,211],{"class":87},[36,151707,58],{"class":50},[36,151709,220],{"class":87},[36,151711,9331],{"class":91},[36,151713,211],{"class":87},[36,151715,152],{"class":50},[36,151717,151718,151720,151722,151724,151726,151728,151730,151732,151734,151736,151738,151740,151742,151744,151746,151748],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,151719,628],{"class":50},[36,151721,211],{"class":87},[36,151723,1250],{"class":91},[36,151725,211],{"class":87},[36,151727,58],{"class":50},[36,151729,220],{"class":87},[36,151731,12912],{"class":91},[36,151733,211],{"class":87},[36,151735,1140],{"class":50},[36,151737,1131],{"class":50},[36,151739,211],{"class":87},[36,151741,9331],{"class":91},[36,151743,211],{"class":87},[36,151745,58],{"class":50},[36,151747,9338],{"class":54},[36,151749,445],{"class":50},[14,151751,18726],{},[246,151753,151754,151759],{},[249,151755,151756,151758],{},[33,151757,151610],{}," for keys",[249,151760,151761,32591],{},[33,151762,151763],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[14,151765,151766,151767,303],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[294,151768,63585],{"href":63584},[21,151770,151772],{"id":151771},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[14,151774,151775,18350],{},[33,151776,38082],{},[246,151778,151779,151782,151785,151788],{},[249,151780,151781],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[249,151783,151784],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[249,151786,151787],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[249,151789,151790],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[14,151792,2257],{},[26,151794,151796],{"className":28,"code":151795,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[33,151797,151798,151817],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,151799,151800,151803,151805,151807,151809,151811,151813,151815],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,151801,151802],{"class":42},"coordinates ",[36,151804,47],{"class":46},[36,151806,149203],{"class":80},[36,151808,84],{"class":50},[36,151810,2554],{"class":54},[36,151812,58],{"class":50},[36,151814,6033],{"class":54},[36,151816,115],{"class":50},[36,151818,151819,151821,151823,151826],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,151820,142],{"class":141},[36,151822,145],{"class":50},[36,151824,151825],{"class":148},"coordinates",[36,151827,152],{"class":50},[14,151829,182],{},[26,151831,151833],{"className":28,"code":151832,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"(4, 7)\n",[33,151834,151835],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,151836,151837,151839,151841,151843,151845],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,151838,145],{"class":50},[36,151840,2554],{"class":54},[36,151842,58],{"class":50},[36,151844,6033],{"class":54},[36,151846,152],{"class":50},[14,151848,151849],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[246,151851,151852,151854,151857,151860],{},[249,151853,151825],{},[249,151855,151856],{},"RGB colors",[249,151858,151859],{},"dates",[249,151861,151862],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[21,151864,151866],{"id":151865},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[14,151868,861,151869,10631],{},[33,151870,38082],{},[246,151872,151873,151876,151879],{},[249,151874,151875],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[249,151877,151878],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[249,151880,151881],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[14,151883,116328,151884,151886],{},[180,151885,870],{}," work:",[26,151888,151890],{"className":28,"code":151889,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"tuple(5)\n",[33,151891,151892],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,151893,151894,151896,151898,151900],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,151895,48991],{"class":80},[36,151897,145],{"class":50},[36,151899,2183],{"class":54},[36,151901,152],{"class":50},[14,151903,151904],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[14,151906,151907],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[21,151909,115166],{"id":115165},[14,151911,151912],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[376,151914,151916],{"id":151915},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[14,151918,2886],{},[26,151920,151921],{"className":28,"code":151889,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,151922,151923],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,151924,151925,151927,151929,151931],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,151926,48991],{"class":80},[36,151928,145],{"class":50},[36,151930,2183],{"class":54},[36,151932,152],{"class":50},[14,151934,29716],{},[26,151936,151937],{"className":28,"code":63689,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,151938,151939],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,151940,151941,151943,151945,151947,151949,151951,151953,151955,151957],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,151942,1210],{"class":80},[36,151944,1213],{"class":50},[36,151946,220],{"class":87},[36,151948,2237],{"class":91},[36,151950,211],{"class":87},[36,151952,24650],{"class":80},[36,151954,8132],{"class":46},[36,151956,8135],{"class":46},[36,151958,63712],{"class":42},[14,151960,151961,151962,303],{},"If you see this, read ",[294,151963,62326],{"href":52638},[376,151965,151967],{"id":151966},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[14,151969,151970],{},"This code:",[26,151972,151974],{"className":28,"code":151973,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[33,151975,151976],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,151977,151978,151980,151982,151984,151986,151988],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,151979,48991],{"class":80},[36,151981,145],{"class":50},[36,151983,88],{"class":87},[36,151985,708],{"class":91},[36,151987,88],{"class":87},[36,151989,152],{"class":50},[14,151991,151992],{},"returns:",[26,151994,151996],{"className":28,"code":151995,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[33,151997,151998],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,151999,152000,152002,152004,152006,152008,152010,152012,152014,152016,152018,152020,152022,152024,152026,152028,152030,152032,152034,152036,152038,152040],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,152001,145],{"class":50},[36,152003,211],{"class":87},[36,152005,741],{"class":91},[36,152007,211],{"class":87},[36,152009,58],{"class":50},[36,152011,220],{"class":87},[36,152013,750],{"class":91},[36,152015,211],{"class":87},[36,152017,58],{"class":50},[36,152019,220],{"class":87},[36,152021,759],{"class":91},[36,152023,211],{"class":87},[36,152025,58],{"class":50},[36,152027,220],{"class":87},[36,152029,759],{"class":91},[36,152031,211],{"class":87},[36,152033,58],{"class":50},[36,152035,220],{"class":87},[36,152037,768],{"class":91},[36,152039,211],{"class":87},[36,152041,152],{"class":50},[14,152043,40942,152044,152046],{},[180,152045,870],{}," return:",[26,152048,152050],{"className":28,"code":152049,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"('hello',)\n",[33,152051,152052],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,152053,152054,152056,152058,152060,152062],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,152055,145],{"class":50},[36,152057,211],{"class":87},[36,152059,708],{"class":91},[36,152061,211],{"class":87},[36,152063,149193],{"class":50},[14,152065,152066],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[26,152068,152070],{"className":28,"code":152069,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[33,152071,152072,152089],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,152073,152074,152077,152079,152081,152083,152085,152087],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,152075,152076],{"class":42},"single ",[36,152078,47],{"class":46},[36,152080,1131],{"class":50},[36,152082,88],{"class":87},[36,152084,708],{"class":91},[36,152086,88],{"class":87},[36,152088,149193],{"class":50},[36,152090,152091,152093,152095,152098],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,152092,142],{"class":141},[36,152094,145],{"class":50},[36,152096,152097],{"class":148},"single",[36,152099,152],{"class":50},[376,152101,152103],{"id":152102},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[14,152105,151970],{},[26,152107,152109],{"className":28,"code":152108,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[33,152110,152111,152143],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,152112,152113,152115,152117,152119,152121,152123,152125,152127,152129,152131,152133,152135,152137,152139,152141],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,152114,9200],{"class":42},[36,152116,47],{"class":46},[36,152118,51],{"class":50},[36,152120,88],{"class":87},[36,152122,294],{"class":91},[36,152124,88],{"class":87},[36,152126,1213],{"class":50},[36,152128,1340],{"class":54},[36,152130,58],{"class":50},[36,152132,99],{"class":87},[36,152134,1707],{"class":91},[36,152136,88],{"class":87},[36,152138,1213],{"class":50},[36,152140,61],{"class":54},[36,152142,69],{"class":50},[36,152144,152145,152147,152149,152151,152153,152155],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,152146,142],{"class":141},[36,152148,145],{"class":50},[36,152150,48991],{"class":80},[36,152152,145],{"class":50},[36,152154,9239],{"class":148},[36,152156,445],{"class":50},[14,152158,152159],{},"returns only the keys:",[26,152161,152163],{"className":28,"code":152162,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"('a', 'b')\n",[33,152164,152165],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,152166,152167,152169,152171,152173,152175,152177,152179,152181,152183],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,152168,145],{"class":50},[36,152170,211],{"class":87},[36,152172,294],{"class":91},[36,152174,211],{"class":87},[36,152176,58],{"class":50},[36,152178,220],{"class":87},[36,152180,1707],{"class":91},[36,152182,211],{"class":87},[36,152184,152],{"class":50},[14,152186,152187],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[26,152189,152191],{"className":28,"code":152190,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[33,152192,152193],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,152194,152195,152197,152199,152201,152203,152205,152207,152209],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,152196,142],{"class":141},[36,152198,145],{"class":50},[36,152200,48991],{"class":80},[36,152202,145],{"class":50},[36,152204,9239],{"class":148},[36,152206,303],{"class":50},[36,152208,1369],{"class":148},[36,152210,6329],{"class":50},[376,152212,152214],{"id":152213},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[14,152216,152217,152218,152220],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[33,152219,38082],{}," conversion.",[14,152222,5512],{},[26,152224,152226],{"className":28,"code":152225,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[33,152227,152228,152248],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,152229,152230,152232,152234,152236,152238,152240,152242,152244,152246],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,152231,1478],{"class":42},[36,152233,47],{"class":46},[36,152235,1131],{"class":50},[36,152237,55],{"class":54},[36,152239,58],{"class":50},[36,152241,61],{"class":54},[36,152243,58],{"class":50},[36,152245,66],{"class":54},[36,152247,152],{"class":50},[36,152249,152250,152252,152254,152256],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,152251,142],{"class":141},[36,152253,145],{"class":50},[36,152255,1495],{"class":148},[36,152257,152],{"class":50},[14,152259,152260],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[14,152262,25539,152263,152265],{},[33,152264,38082],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[21,152267,1872],{"id":1871},[376,152269,152271],{"id":152270},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[14,152273,152274],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[376,152276,152278],{"id":152277},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[14,152280,152281,152282,303],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[33,152283,7405],{},[376,152285,152287],{"id":152286},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[14,152289,152290],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[376,152292,152294],{"id":152293},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[14,152296,152297],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[376,152299,152301],{"id":152300},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[14,152303,152304,152305,303],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[33,152306,1210],{},[21,152308,1923],{"id":1922},[246,152310,152311,152315,152319,152323,152327,152331],{},[249,152312,152313],{},[294,152314,147837],{"href":147836},[249,152316,152317],{},[294,152318,150764],{"href":149140},[249,152320,152321],{},[294,152322,104901],{"href":60094},[249,152324,152325],{},[294,152326,151493],{"href":151492},[249,152328,152329],{},[294,152330,63585],{"href":63584},[249,152332,152333],{},[294,152334,62326],{"href":52638},[1962,152336,152337],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":152339},[152340,152341,152342,152343,152344,152351,152352,152353,152354,152360,152367],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":150967,"depth":72,"text":150968},{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":149513,"depth":72,"text":149514},{"id":151136,"depth":72,"text":151137,"children":152345},[152346,152347,152348,152349,152350],{"id":151140,"depth":118,"text":151141},{"id":151228,"depth":118,"text":151229},{"id":151327,"depth":118,"text":151328},{"id":151407,"depth":118,"text":151408},{"id":151496,"depth":118,"text":151497},{"id":151601,"depth":72,"text":151602},{"id":151771,"depth":72,"text":151772},{"id":151865,"depth":72,"text":151866},{"id":115165,"depth":72,"text":115166,"children":152355},[152356,152357,152358,152359],{"id":151915,"depth":118,"text":151916},{"id":151966,"depth":118,"text":151967},{"id":152102,"depth":118,"text":152103},{"id":152213,"depth":118,"text":152214},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":152361},[152362,152363,152364,152365,152366],{"id":152270,"depth":118,"text":152271},{"id":152277,"depth":118,"text":152278},{"id":152286,"depth":118,"text":152287},{"id":152293,"depth":118,"text":152294},{"id":152300,"depth":118,"text":152301},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150822,"description":152368},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152375,"title":152376,"body":152377,"description":153790,"extension":2009,"meta":153791,"navigation":134,"path":153792,"seo":153793,"stem":153794,"__hash__":153795},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152378,"toc":153762},[152379,152384,152389,152392,152394,152473,152479,152484,152488,152503,152505,152552,152554,152562,152570,152576,152578,152583,152603,152606,152633,152635,152659,152661,152803,152805,152809,152817,152820,152822,152899,152901,152909,152913,152917,152927,152937,152939,152944,152946,153005,153010,153012,153112,153114,153128,153133,153139,153146,153149,153151,153261,153265,153282,153284,153347,153349,153357,153369,153373,153378,153406,153409,153491,153493,153504,153506,153510,153537,153539,153541,153621,153629,153631,153686,153688,153693,153696,153700,153704,153706,153710,153714,153722,153729,153732,153734,153759],[10,152380,147721,152382,11352],{"id":152381},"python-tuple-index-method",[33,152383,59006],{},[14,152385,152386,152388],{},[33,152387,149042],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[14,152390,152391],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[21,152393,2051],{"id":2050},[26,152395,152397],{"className":28,"code":152396,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[33,152398,152399,152439,152461],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,152400,152401,152403,152405,152407,152409,152411,152413,152415,152417,152419,152421,152423,152425,152427,152429,152431,152433,152435,152437],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,152402,13108],{"class":42},[36,152404,47],{"class":46},[36,152406,1131],{"class":50},[36,152408,88],{"class":87},[36,152410,13125],{"class":91},[36,152412,88],{"class":87},[36,152414,58],{"class":50},[36,152416,99],{"class":87},[36,152418,13142],{"class":91},[36,152420,88],{"class":87},[36,152422,58],{"class":50},[36,152424,99],{"class":87},[36,152426,17486],{"class":91},[36,152428,88],{"class":87},[36,152430,58],{"class":50},[36,152432,99],{"class":87},[36,152434,13142],{"class":91},[36,152436,88],{"class":87},[36,152438,152],{"class":50},[36,152440,152441,152443,152445,152447,152449,152451,152453,152455,152457,152459],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,152442,64955],{"class":42},[36,152444,47],{"class":46},[36,152446,13156],{"class":42},[36,152448,303],{"class":50},[36,152450,35882],{"class":148},[36,152452,145],{"class":50},[36,152454,88],{"class":87},[36,152456,13142],{"class":91},[36,152458,88],{"class":87},[36,152460,152],{"class":50},[36,152462,152463,152465,152467,152469,152471],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,152464,142],{"class":141},[36,152466,145],{"class":50},[36,152468,64982],{"class":148},[36,152470,3703],{"class":50},[36,152472,27814],{"class":1617},[14,152474,152475,152478],{},[33,152476,152477],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[21,152480,3720,152482,3723],{"id":152481},"what-tupleindex-does",[33,152483,149042],{},[14,152485,2026,152486,11443],{},[33,152487,59006],{},[246,152489,152490,152493,152495,152498],{},[249,152491,152492],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[249,152494,128319],{},[249,152496,152497],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[249,152499,152500,152501],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[33,152502,2166],{},[14,152504,2257],{},[26,152506,152508],{"className":28,"code":152507,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[33,152509,152510,152534],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,152511,152512,152514,152516,152518,152520,152522,152524,152526,152528,152530,152532],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,152513,43],{"class":42},[36,152515,47],{"class":46},[36,152517,1131],{"class":50},[36,152519,631],{"class":54},[36,152521,58],{"class":50},[36,152523,636],{"class":54},[36,152525,58],{"class":50},[36,152527,645],{"class":54},[36,152529,58],{"class":50},[36,152531,636],{"class":54},[36,152533,152],{"class":50},[36,152535,152536,152538,152540,152542,152544,152546,152548,152550],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,152537,142],{"class":141},[36,152539,145],{"class":50},[36,152541,149],{"class":148},[36,152543,303],{"class":50},[36,152545,35882],{"class":148},[36,152547,145],{"class":50},[36,152549,15783],{"class":54},[36,152551,445],{"class":50},[14,152553,182],{},[26,152555,152556],{"className":28,"code":46954,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,152557,152558],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,152559,152560],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,152561,46954],{"class":54},[14,152563,478,152564,152566,152567,152569],{},[33,152565,15783],{}," appears twice, ",[33,152568,59006],{}," returns only the first match.",[14,152571,150988,152572,303],{},[294,152573,152575],{"href":152574},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[21,152577,2205],{"id":2204},[14,152579,7801,152580,152582],{},[33,152581,59006],{}," in two ways:",[26,152584,152586],{"className":28,"code":152585,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[33,152587,152588],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,152589,152590,152593,152595,152597,152599,152601],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,152591,152592],{"class":42},"tuple_name",[36,152594,303],{"class":50},[36,152596,35882],{"class":148},[36,152598,145],{"class":50},[36,152600,1495],{"class":148},[36,152602,152],{"class":50},[14,152604,152605],{},"or:",[26,152607,152609],{"className":28,"code":152608,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[33,152610,152611],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,152612,152613,152615,152617,152619,152621,152623,152625,152627,152629,152631],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,152614,152592],{"class":42},[36,152616,303],{"class":50},[36,152618,35882],{"class":148},[36,152620,145],{"class":50},[36,152622,1495],{"class":148},[36,152624,58],{"class":50},[36,152626,36088],{"class":148},[36,152628,58],{"class":50},[36,152630,65076],{"class":148},[36,152632,152],{"class":50},[376,152634,17425],{"id":17424},[246,152636,152637,152642,152647,152652],{},[249,152638,152639,152641],{},[33,152640,1495],{}," — the item to search for",[249,152643,152644,152646],{},[33,152645,36109],{}," — optional starting position",[249,152648,152649,152651],{},[33,152650,52699],{}," — optional ending position",[249,152653,152654,4822,152656,152658],{},[33,152655,52699],{},[180,152657,65105],{}," in the search",[14,152660,2257],{},[26,152662,152664],{"className":28,"code":152663,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[33,152665,152666,152714,152718,152743,152771],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,152667,152668,152670,152672,152674,152676,152678,152680,152682,152684,152686,152688,152690,152692,152694,152696,152698,152700,152702,152704,152706,152708,152710,152712],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,152669,697],{"class":42},[36,152671,47],{"class":46},[36,152673,1131],{"class":50},[36,152675,88],{"class":87},[36,152677,294],{"class":91},[36,152679,88],{"class":87},[36,152681,58],{"class":50},[36,152683,99],{"class":87},[36,152685,1707],{"class":91},[36,152687,88],{"class":87},[36,152689,58],{"class":50},[36,152691,99],{"class":87},[36,152693,9770],{"class":91},[36,152695,88],{"class":87},[36,152697,58],{"class":50},[36,152699,99],{"class":87},[36,152701,1707],{"class":91},[36,152703,88],{"class":87},[36,152705,58],{"class":50},[36,152707,99],{"class":87},[36,152709,18799],{"class":91},[36,152711,88],{"class":87},[36,152713,152],{"class":50},[36,152715,152716],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,152717,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,152719,152720,152722,152724,152726,152728,152730,152732,152734,152736,152738,152740],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,152721,142],{"class":141},[36,152723,145],{"class":50},[36,152725,721],{"class":148},[36,152727,303],{"class":50},[36,152729,35882],{"class":148},[36,152731,145],{"class":50},[36,152733,88],{"class":87},[36,152735,1707],{"class":91},[36,152737,88],{"class":87},[36,152739,5402],{"class":50},[36,152741,152742],{"class":1617},"        # 1\n",[36,152744,152745,152747,152749,152751,152753,152755,152757,152759,152761,152763,152765,152767,152769],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,152746,142],{"class":141},[36,152748,145],{"class":50},[36,152750,721],{"class":148},[36,152752,303],{"class":50},[36,152754,35882],{"class":148},[36,152756,145],{"class":50},[36,152758,88],{"class":87},[36,152760,1707],{"class":91},[36,152762,88],{"class":87},[36,152764,58],{"class":50},[36,152766,61],{"class":54},[36,152768,5402],{"class":50},[36,152770,50957],{"class":1617},[36,152772,152773,152775,152777,152779,152781,152783,152785,152787,152789,152791,152793,152795,152797,152799,152801],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,152774,142],{"class":141},[36,152776,145],{"class":50},[36,152778,721],{"class":148},[36,152780,303],{"class":50},[36,152782,35882],{"class":148},[36,152784,145],{"class":50},[36,152786,88],{"class":87},[36,152788,1707],{"class":91},[36,152790,88],{"class":87},[36,152792,58],{"class":50},[36,152794,1340],{"class":54},[36,152796,58],{"class":50},[36,152798,66],{"class":54},[36,152800,5402],{"class":50},[36,152802,27814],{"class":1617},[21,152804,103228],{"id":103227},[14,152806,152807,25542],{},[33,152808,149042],{},[246,152810,152811,152814],{},[249,152812,152813],{},"An integer",[249,152815,152816],{},"The position of the first matching item",[14,152818,152819],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[14,152821,2257],{},[26,152823,152825],{"className":28,"code":152824,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[33,152826,152827,152867,152889],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,152828,152829,152831,152833,152835,152837,152839,152841,152843,152845,152847,152849,152851,152853,152855,152857,152859,152861,152863,152865],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,152830,108327],{"class":42},[36,152832,47],{"class":46},[36,152834,1131],{"class":50},[36,152836,88],{"class":87},[36,152838,37082],{"class":91},[36,152840,88],{"class":87},[36,152842,58],{"class":50},[36,152844,99],{"class":87},[36,152846,58165],{"class":91},[36,152848,88],{"class":87},[36,152850,58],{"class":50},[36,152852,99],{"class":87},[36,152854,58182],{"class":91},[36,152856,88],{"class":87},[36,152858,58],{"class":50},[36,152860,99],{"class":87},[36,152862,58165],{"class":91},[36,152864,88],{"class":87},[36,152866,152],{"class":50},[36,152868,152869,152871,152873,152875,152877,152879,152881,152883,152885,152887],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,152870,2280],{"class":42},[36,152872,47],{"class":46},[36,152874,108370],{"class":42},[36,152876,303],{"class":50},[36,152878,35882],{"class":148},[36,152880,145],{"class":50},[36,152882,88],{"class":87},[36,152884,58165],{"class":91},[36,152886,88],{"class":87},[36,152888,152],{"class":50},[36,152890,152891,152893,152895,152897],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,152892,142],{"class":141},[36,152894,145],{"class":50},[36,152896,2315],{"class":148},[36,152898,152],{"class":50},[14,152900,182],{},[26,152902,152903],{"className":28,"code":46954,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,152904,152905],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,152906,152907],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,152908,46954],{"class":54},[21,152910,152912],{"id":152911},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[14,152914,495,152915,10631],{},[33,152916,149042],{},[246,152918,152919,152921,152924],{},[249,152920,66134],{},[249,152922,152923],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[249,152925,152926],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[14,152928,152929,152930,152933,152934,303],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[33,152931,152932],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[294,152935,149510],{"href":152936},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[21,152938,65666],{"id":65665},[14,152940,152941,152942,303],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[33,152943,40740],{},[14,152945,2257],{},[26,152947,152949],{"className":28,"code":152948,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[33,152950,152951,152983],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,152952,152953,152955,152957,152959,152961,152963,152965,152967,152969,152971,152973,152975,152977,152979,152981],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,152954,13108],{"class":42},[36,152956,47],{"class":46},[36,152958,1131],{"class":50},[36,152960,88],{"class":87},[36,152962,13125],{"class":91},[36,152964,88],{"class":87},[36,152966,58],{"class":50},[36,152968,99],{"class":87},[36,152970,13142],{"class":91},[36,152972,88],{"class":87},[36,152974,58],{"class":50},[36,152976,99],{"class":87},[36,152978,17486],{"class":91},[36,152980,88],{"class":87},[36,152982,152],{"class":50},[36,152984,152985,152987,152989,152991,152993,152995,152997,152999,153001,153003],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,152986,142],{"class":141},[36,152988,145],{"class":50},[36,152990,17533],{"class":148},[36,152992,303],{"class":50},[36,152994,35882],{"class":148},[36,152996,145],{"class":50},[36,152998,88],{"class":87},[36,153000,22556],{"class":91},[36,153002,88],{"class":87},[36,153004,445],{"class":50},[14,153006,39690,153007,153009],{},[33,153008,109652],{}," is not in the tuple.",[14,153011,65741],{},[26,153013,153015],{"className":28,"code":153014,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[33,153016,153017,153049,153053,153069,153091,153097],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,153018,153019,153021,153023,153025,153027,153029,153031,153033,153035,153037,153039,153041,153043,153045,153047],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,153020,13108],{"class":42},[36,153022,47],{"class":46},[36,153024,1131],{"class":50},[36,153026,88],{"class":87},[36,153028,13125],{"class":91},[36,153030,88],{"class":87},[36,153032,58],{"class":50},[36,153034,99],{"class":87},[36,153036,13142],{"class":91},[36,153038,88],{"class":87},[36,153040,58],{"class":50},[36,153042,99],{"class":87},[36,153044,17486],{"class":91},[36,153046,88],{"class":87},[36,153048,152],{"class":50},[36,153050,153051],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,153052,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,153054,153055,153057,153059,153061,153063,153065,153067],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,153056,7037],{"class":3917},[36,153058,99],{"class":87},[36,153060,22556],{"class":91},[36,153062,88],{"class":87},[36,153064,21205],{"class":46},[36,153066,13156],{"class":42},[36,153068,6433],{"class":50},[36,153070,153071,153073,153075,153077,153079,153081,153083,153085,153087,153089],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,153072,8105],{"class":141},[36,153074,145],{"class":50},[36,153076,17533],{"class":148},[36,153078,303],{"class":50},[36,153080,35882],{"class":148},[36,153082,145],{"class":50},[36,153084,88],{"class":87},[36,153086,22556],{"class":91},[36,153088,88],{"class":87},[36,153090,445],{"class":50},[36,153092,153093,153095],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,153094,27468],{"class":3917},[36,153096,6433],{"class":50},[36,153098,153099,153101,153103,153105,153108,153110],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,153100,8105],{"class":141},[36,153102,145],{"class":50},[36,153104,88],{"class":87},[36,153106,153107],{"class":91},"Value not found",[36,153109,88],{"class":87},[36,153111,152],{"class":50},[14,153113,182],{},[26,153115,153117],{"className":28,"code":153116,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Value not found\n",[33,153118,153119],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,153120,153121,153124,153126],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,153122,153123],{"class":42},"Value ",[36,153125,870],{"class":46},[36,153127,65865],{"class":42},[14,153129,153130,153131,303],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[294,153132,65875],{"href":65874},[21,153134,1462,153135,482,153137],{"id":65442},[33,153136,36109],{},[33,153138,52699],{},[14,153140,2026,153141,482,153143,153145],{},[33,153142,36109],{},[33,153144,52699],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[14,153147,153148],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[14,153150,2257],{},[26,153152,153154],{"className":28,"code":153153,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[33,153155,153156,153184,153188,153209,153233],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,153157,153158,153160,153162,153164,153166,153168,153170,153172,153174,153176,153178,153180,153182],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,153159,621],{"class":42},[36,153161,47],{"class":46},[36,153163,1131],{"class":50},[36,153165,2183],{"class":54},[36,153167,58],{"class":50},[36,153169,6044],{"class":54},[36,153171,58],{"class":50},[36,153173,4644],{"class":54},[36,153175,58],{"class":50},[36,153177,636],{"class":54},[36,153179,58],{"class":50},[36,153181,4644],{"class":54},[36,153183,152],{"class":50},[36,153185,153186],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,153187,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,153189,153190,153192,153194,153196,153198,153200,153202,153204,153206],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,153191,142],{"class":141},[36,153193,145],{"class":50},[36,153195,656],{"class":148},[36,153197,303],{"class":50},[36,153199,35882],{"class":148},[36,153201,145],{"class":50},[36,153203,2183],{"class":54},[36,153205,5402],{"class":50},[36,153207,153208],{"class":1617},"        # 0\n",[36,153210,153211,153213,153215,153217,153219,153221,153223,153225,153227,153229,153231],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,153212,142],{"class":141},[36,153214,145],{"class":50},[36,153216,656],{"class":148},[36,153218,303],{"class":50},[36,153220,35882],{"class":148},[36,153222,145],{"class":50},[36,153224,2183],{"class":54},[36,153226,58],{"class":50},[36,153228,1340],{"class":54},[36,153230,5402],{"class":50},[36,153232,50991],{"class":1617},[36,153234,153235,153237,153239,153241,153243,153245,153247,153249,153251,153253,153255,153257,153259],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,153236,142],{"class":141},[36,153238,145],{"class":50},[36,153240,656],{"class":148},[36,153242,303],{"class":50},[36,153244,35882],{"class":148},[36,153246,145],{"class":50},[36,153248,2183],{"class":54},[36,153250,58],{"class":50},[36,153252,66],{"class":54},[36,153254,58],{"class":50},[36,153256,4644],{"class":54},[36,153258,5402],{"class":50},[36,153260,50974],{"class":1617},[376,153262,153264],{"id":153263},"how-it-works","How it works",[246,153266,153267,153272,153277],{},[249,153268,153269,153271],{},[33,153270,36109],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[249,153273,153274,153276],{},[33,153275,52699],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[249,153278,2026,153279,153281],{},[33,153280,52699],{}," position itself is not included",[14,153283,2257],{},[26,153285,153287],{"className":28,"code":153286,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[33,153288,153289,153317,153321],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,153290,153291,153293,153295,153297,153299,153301,153303,153305,153307,153309,153311,153313,153315],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,153292,621],{"class":42},[36,153294,47],{"class":46},[36,153296,1131],{"class":50},[36,153298,2183],{"class":54},[36,153300,58],{"class":50},[36,153302,6044],{"class":54},[36,153304,58],{"class":50},[36,153306,4644],{"class":54},[36,153308,58],{"class":50},[36,153310,636],{"class":54},[36,153312,58],{"class":50},[36,153314,4644],{"class":54},[36,153316,152],{"class":50},[36,153318,153319],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,153320,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,153322,153323,153325,153327,153329,153331,153333,153335,153337,153339,153341,153343,153345],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,153324,142],{"class":141},[36,153326,145],{"class":50},[36,153328,656],{"class":148},[36,153330,303],{"class":50},[36,153332,35882],{"class":148},[36,153334,145],{"class":50},[36,153336,2183],{"class":54},[36,153338,58],{"class":50},[36,153340,1340],{"class":54},[36,153342,58],{"class":50},[36,153344,559],{"class":54},[36,153346,445],{"class":50},[14,153348,182],{},[26,153350,153351],{"className":28,"code":17086,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,153352,153353],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,153354,153355],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,153356,17086],{"class":54},[14,153358,153359,153360,2238,153362,17102,153364,153366,153367,303],{},"Python searches positions ",[33,153361,55],{},[33,153363,481],{},[33,153365,485],{},", but not ",[33,153368,2554],{},[21,153370,153372],{"id":153371},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[14,153374,153375,153376,1213],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[33,153377,149042],{},[246,153379,153380,153388,153393,153400],{},[249,153381,153382,153383,153385,153386],{},"Do not confuse the ",[180,153384,1495],{}," with the ",[180,153387,35882],{},[249,153389,153390,153391],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[33,153392,2166],{},[249,153394,495,153395,153399],{},[294,153396,149068,153397,1939],{"href":149120},[33,153398,57328],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[249,153401,153402,153403,153405],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[33,153404,152932],{}," when you already know the position",[14,153407,153408],{},"Example of value vs index:",[26,153410,153412],{"className":28,"code":153411,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[33,153413,153414,153446,153450,153474],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,153415,153416,153418,153420,153422,153424,153426,153428,153430,153432,153434,153436,153438,153440,153442,153444],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,153417,36273],{"class":42},[36,153419,47],{"class":46},[36,153421,1131],{"class":50},[36,153423,88],{"class":87},[36,153425,92],{"class":91},[36,153427,88],{"class":87},[36,153429,58],{"class":50},[36,153431,99],{"class":87},[36,153433,102],{"class":91},[36,153435,88],{"class":87},[36,153437,58],{"class":50},[36,153439,99],{"class":87},[36,153441,1005],{"class":91},[36,153443,88],{"class":87},[36,153445,152],{"class":50},[36,153447,153448],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,153449,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,153451,153452,153454,153456,153458,153460,153462,153464,153466,153468,153470,153472],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,153453,142],{"class":141},[36,153455,145],{"class":50},[36,153457,36325],{"class":148},[36,153459,303],{"class":50},[36,153461,35882],{"class":148},[36,153463,145],{"class":50},[36,153465,88],{"class":87},[36,153467,102],{"class":91},[36,153469,88],{"class":87},[36,153471,5402],{"class":50},[36,153473,27814],{"class":1617},[36,153475,153476,153478,153480,153482,153484,153486,153488],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,153477,142],{"class":141},[36,153479,145],{"class":50},[36,153481,36325],{"class":148},[36,153483,3941],{"class":50},[36,153485,55],{"class":54},[36,153487,20478],{"class":50},[36,153489,153490],{"class":1617},"               # banana\n",[14,153492,2227],{},[246,153494,153495,153499],{},[249,153496,153497,15278],{},[33,153498,65310],{},[249,153500,153501,153503],{},[33,153502,55],{}," is the index",[21,153505,1455],{"id":1454},[14,153507,105966,153508,1213],{},[33,153509,149042],{},[246,153511,153512,153515,153520,153525,153532],{},[249,153513,153514],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[249,153516,8489,153517,153519],{},[33,153518,59006],{}," to return all matching positions",[249,153521,153522,153523],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[33,153524,2166],{},[249,153526,153527,153528,482,153530],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[33,153529,36109],{},[33,153531,52699],{},[249,153533,37239,153534,153536],{},[33,153535,149042],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[376,153538,60745],{"id":60744},[14,153540,94412],{},[26,153542,153544],{"className":28,"code":153543,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[33,153545,153546,153556,153570,153585,153603],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,153547,153548,153550,153552,153554],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,153549,142],{"class":141},[36,153551,145],{"class":50},[36,153553,147855],{"class":148},[36,153555,152],{"class":50},[36,153557,153558,153560,153562,153564,153566,153568],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,153559,142],{"class":141},[36,153561,145],{"class":50},[36,153563,438],{"class":141},[36,153565,145],{"class":50},[36,153567,147855],{"class":148},[36,153569,445],{"class":50},[36,153571,153572,153574,153576,153578,153580,153583],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,153573,142],{"class":141},[36,153575,145],{"class":50},[36,153577,1478],{"class":148},[36,153579,3924],{"class":3917},[36,153581,153582],{"class":148}," my_tuple",[36,153584,152],{"class":50},[36,153586,153587,153589,153591,153593,153595,153597,153599,153601],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,153588,142],{"class":141},[36,153590,145],{"class":50},[36,153592,147855],{"class":148},[36,153594,303],{"class":50},[36,153596,41296],{"class":148},[36,153598,145],{"class":50},[36,153600,1495],{"class":148},[36,153602,445],{"class":50},[36,153604,153605,153607,153609,153611,153613,153615,153617,153619],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,153606,142],{"class":141},[36,153608,145],{"class":50},[36,153610,147855],{"class":148},[36,153612,303],{"class":50},[36,153614,35882],{"class":148},[36,153616,145],{"class":50},[36,153618,1495],{"class":148},[36,153620,445],{"class":50},[14,153622,153623,153624,84431,153626,153628],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[33,153625,40740],{},[33,153627,1495],{}," is missing.",[14,153630,129472],{},[26,153632,153634],{"className":28,"code":153633,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[33,153635,153636,153648,153666,153672],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,153637,153638,153640,153642,153644,153646],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,153639,7037],{"class":3917},[36,153641,21616],{"class":42},[36,153643,3924],{"class":46},[36,153645,153582],{"class":42},[36,153647,6433],{"class":50},[36,153649,153650,153652,153654,153656,153658,153660,153662,153664],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,153651,8105],{"class":141},[36,153653,145],{"class":50},[36,153655,147855],{"class":148},[36,153657,303],{"class":50},[36,153659,35882],{"class":148},[36,153661,145],{"class":50},[36,153663,1495],{"class":148},[36,153665,445],{"class":50},[36,153667,153668,153670],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,153669,27468],{"class":3917},[36,153671,6433],{"class":50},[36,153673,153674,153676,153678,153680,153682,153684],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,153675,8105],{"class":141},[36,153677,145],{"class":50},[36,153679,88],{"class":87},[36,153681,153107],{"class":91},[36,153683,88],{"class":87},[36,153685,152],{"class":50},[21,153687,1872],{"id":1871},[376,153689,5182,153691,12747],{"id":153690},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[33,153692,149042],{},[14,153694,153695],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[376,153697,153699],{"id":153698},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[14,153701,153702,152569],{},[33,153703,149042],{},[376,153705,149021],{"id":149020},[14,153707,76892,153708,303],{},[33,153709,40740],{},[376,153711,153713],{"id":153712},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[14,153715,153716,153717,482,153719,153721],{},"Yes. You can use ",[33,153718,36109],{},[33,153720,52699],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[376,153723,14936,153725,57243,153727,2541],{"id":153724},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[33,153726,149042],{},[33,153728,64901],{},[14,153730,153731],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[21,153733,1923],{"id":1922},[246,153735,153736,153742,153746,153751,153755],{},[249,153737,153738],{},[294,153739,149068,153740,1939],{"href":149120},[33,153741,57328],{},[249,153743,153744],{},[294,153745,149510],{"href":152936},[249,153747,153748],{},[294,153749,153750],{"href":150816},"Creating a tuple in Python",[249,153752,153753],{},[294,153754,65875],{"href":65874},[249,153756,153757],{},[294,153758,150764],{"href":152574},[1962,153760,153761],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":153763},[153764,153765,153767,153770,153771,153772,153773,153776,153777,153780,153789],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":152481,"depth":72,"text":153766},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205,"children":153768},[153769],{"id":17424,"depth":118,"text":17425},{"id":103227,"depth":72,"text":103228},{"id":152911,"depth":72,"text":152912},{"id":65665,"depth":72,"text":65666},{"id":65442,"depth":72,"text":66225,"children":153774},[153775],{"id":153263,"depth":118,"text":153264},{"id":153371,"depth":72,"text":153372},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455,"children":153778},[153779],{"id":60744,"depth":118,"text":60745},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":153781},[153782,153784,153785,153786,153787],{"id":153690,"depth":118,"text":153783},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153698,"depth":118,"text":153699},{"id":149020,"depth":118,"text":149021},{"id":153712,"depth":118,"text":153713},{"id":153724,"depth":118,"text":153788},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152376,"description":153790},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153797,"title":153798,"body":153799,"description":155194,"extension":2009,"meta":155195,"navigation":134,"path":152936,"seo":155196,"stem":155197,"__hash__":155198},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153800,"toc":155176},[153801,153804,153807,153810,153824,153826,153829,153923,153933,153939,153943,153946,153949,153951,153969,153971,154042,154044,154061,154065,154069,154072,154089,154092,154107,154109,154200,154203,154207,154210,154227,154229,154324,154327,154330,154334,154337,154431,154433,154452,154455,154459,154462,154464,154519,154521,154556,154559,154573,154581,154674,154683,154687,154690,154697,154700,154747,154749,154757,154760,154811,154813,154830,154835,154839,154842,154845,154847,154898,154901,154956,154959,154962,154964,154967,154987,154989,155062,155065,155078,155080,155084,155089,155093,155098,155115,155119,155122,155139,155143,155146,155148,155173],[10,153802,153798],{"id":153803},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[14,153805,153806],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[14,153808,153809],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[246,153811,153812,153815,153818,153821],{},[249,153813,153814],{},"positive indexes",[249,153816,153817],{},"negative indexes",[249,153819,153820],{},"common indexing mistakes",[249,153822,153823],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[21,153825,24],{"id":23},[14,153827,153828],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[26,153830,153832],{"className":28,"code":153831,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[33,153833,153834,153866,153870,153887,153904],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,153835,153836,153838,153840,153842,153844,153846,153848,153850,153852,153854,153856,153858,153860,153862,153864],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,153837,13108],{"class":42},[36,153839,47],{"class":46},[36,153841,1131],{"class":50},[36,153843,88],{"class":87},[36,153845,13125],{"class":91},[36,153847,88],{"class":87},[36,153849,58],{"class":50},[36,153851,99],{"class":87},[36,153853,17486],{"class":91},[36,153855,88],{"class":87},[36,153857,58],{"class":50},[36,153859,99],{"class":87},[36,153861,13142],{"class":91},[36,153863,88],{"class":87},[36,153865,152],{"class":50},[36,153867,153868],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,153869,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,153871,153872,153874,153876,153878,153880,153882,153884],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,153873,142],{"class":141},[36,153875,145],{"class":50},[36,153877,17533],{"class":148},[36,153879,3941],{"class":50},[36,153881,2166],{"class":54},[36,153883,20478],{"class":50},[36,153885,153886],{"class":1617},"   # red\n",[36,153888,153889,153891,153893,153895,153897,153899,153901],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,153890,142],{"class":141},[36,153892,145],{"class":50},[36,153894,17533],{"class":148},[36,153896,3941],{"class":50},[36,153898,55],{"class":54},[36,153900,20478],{"class":50},[36,153902,153903],{"class":1617},"   # green\n",[36,153905,153906,153908,153910,153912,153914,153916,153918,153920],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,153907,142],{"class":141},[36,153909,145],{"class":50},[36,153911,17533],{"class":148},[36,153913,3941],{"class":50},[36,153915,2070],{"class":46},[36,153917,55],{"class":54},[36,153919,20478],{"class":50},[36,153921,153922],{"class":1617},"  # blue\n",[246,153924,153925,153930],{},[249,153926,132261,153927,153929],{},[33,153928,2166],{}," is the first item.",[249,153931,153932],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[14,153934,153935,153936,303],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[294,153937,153938],{"href":147840},"how to create a tuple in Python",[21,153940,153942],{"id":153941},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[14,153944,153945],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[14,153947,153948],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[14,153950,11488],{},[246,153952,153953,153956,153963,153966],{},[249,153954,153955],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[249,153957,153958,153959,18995,153961],{},"Python starts counting at ",[33,153960,2166],{},[33,153962,55],{},[249,153964,153965],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[249,153967,153968],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[14,153970,2257],{},[26,153972,153974],{"className":28,"code":153973,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[33,153975,153976,153996,154000,154014,154028],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,153977,153978,153980,153982,153984,153986,153988,153990,153992,153994],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,153979,43],{"class":42},[36,153981,47],{"class":46},[36,153983,1131],{"class":50},[36,153985,631],{"class":54},[36,153987,58],{"class":50},[36,153989,636],{"class":54},[36,153991,58],{"class":50},[36,153993,645],{"class":54},[36,153995,152],{"class":50},[36,153997,153998],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,153999,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,154001,154002,154004,154006,154008,154010,154012],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,154003,142],{"class":141},[36,154005,145],{"class":50},[36,154007,149],{"class":148},[36,154009,3941],{"class":50},[36,154011,2166],{"class":54},[36,154013,115],{"class":50},[36,154015,154016,154018,154020,154022,154024,154026],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,154017,142],{"class":141},[36,154019,145],{"class":50},[36,154021,149],{"class":148},[36,154023,3941],{"class":50},[36,154025,55],{"class":54},[36,154027,115],{"class":50},[36,154029,154030,154032,154034,154036,154038,154040],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,154031,142],{"class":141},[36,154033,145],{"class":50},[36,154035,149],{"class":148},[36,154037,3941],{"class":50},[36,154039,481],{"class":54},[36,154041,115],{"class":50},[14,154043,182],{},[26,154045,154047],{"className":28,"code":154046,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"10\n20\n30\n",[33,154048,154049,154053,154057],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,154050,154051],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,154052,2427],{"class":54},[36,154054,154055],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,154056,71260],{"class":54},[36,154058,154059],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,154060,69876],{"class":54},[14,154062,59431,154063,303],{},[294,154064,147837],{"href":147836},[21,154066,154068],{"id":154067},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[14,154070,154071],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[246,154073,154074,154079,154084],{},[249,154075,154076,154078],{},[33,154077,2166],{}," = first item",[249,154080,154081,154083],{},[33,154082,55],{}," = second item",[249,154085,154086,154088],{},[33,154087,481],{}," = third item",[14,154090,154091],{},"Pattern:",[26,154093,154095],{"className":28,"code":154094,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"tuple_name[index]\n",[33,154096,154097],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,154098,154099,154101,154103,154105],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,154100,152592],{"class":42},[36,154102,3941],{"class":50},[36,154104,35882],{"class":42},[36,154106,1355],{"class":50},[14,154108,2257],{},[26,154110,154112],{"className":28,"code":154111,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[33,154113,154114,154146,154150,154167,154183],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,154115,154116,154118,154120,154122,154124,154126,154128,154130,154132,154134,154136,154138,154140,154142,154144],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,154117,36273],{"class":42},[36,154119,47],{"class":46},[36,154121,1131],{"class":50},[36,154123,88],{"class":87},[36,154125,92],{"class":91},[36,154127,88],{"class":87},[36,154129,58],{"class":50},[36,154131,99],{"class":87},[36,154133,102],{"class":91},[36,154135,88],{"class":87},[36,154137,58],{"class":50},[36,154139,99],{"class":87},[36,154141,4135],{"class":91},[36,154143,88],{"class":87},[36,154145,152],{"class":50},[36,154147,154148],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,154149,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,154151,154152,154154,154156,154158,154160,154162,154164],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,154153,142],{"class":141},[36,154155,145],{"class":50},[36,154157,36325],{"class":148},[36,154159,3941],{"class":50},[36,154161,2166],{"class":54},[36,154163,20478],{"class":50},[36,154165,154166],{"class":1617},"  # apple\n",[36,154168,154169,154171,154173,154175,154177,154179,154181],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,154170,142],{"class":141},[36,154172,145],{"class":50},[36,154174,36325],{"class":148},[36,154176,3941],{"class":50},[36,154178,55],{"class":54},[36,154180,20478],{"class":50},[36,154182,51525],{"class":1617},[36,154184,154185,154187,154189,154191,154193,154195,154197],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,154186,142],{"class":141},[36,154188,145],{"class":50},[36,154190,36325],{"class":148},[36,154192,3941],{"class":50},[36,154194,481],{"class":54},[36,154196,20478],{"class":50},[36,154198,154199],{"class":1617},"  # cherry\n",[14,154201,154202],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[21,154204,154206],{"id":154205},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[14,154208,154209],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[246,154211,154212,154217,154222],{},[249,154213,154214,154216],{},[33,154215,65890],{}," = last item",[249,154218,154219,154221],{},[33,154220,95442],{}," = second-to-last item",[249,154223,154224,154226],{},[33,154225,47708],{}," = third-to-last item",[14,154228,2257],{},[26,154230,154232],{"className":28,"code":154231,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[33,154233,154234,154266,154270,154288,154306],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,154235,154236,154238,154240,154242,154244,154246,154248,154250,154252,154254,154256,154258,154260,154262,154264],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,154237,36273],{"class":42},[36,154239,47],{"class":46},[36,154241,1131],{"class":50},[36,154243,88],{"class":87},[36,154245,92],{"class":91},[36,154247,88],{"class":87},[36,154249,58],{"class":50},[36,154251,99],{"class":87},[36,154253,102],{"class":91},[36,154255,88],{"class":87},[36,154257,58],{"class":50},[36,154259,99],{"class":87},[36,154261,4135],{"class":91},[36,154263,88],{"class":87},[36,154265,152],{"class":50},[36,154267,154268],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,154269,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,154271,154272,154274,154276,154278,154280,154282,154284,154286],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,154273,142],{"class":141},[36,154275,145],{"class":50},[36,154277,36325],{"class":148},[36,154279,3941],{"class":50},[36,154281,2070],{"class":46},[36,154283,55],{"class":54},[36,154285,20478],{"class":50},[36,154287,154199],{"class":1617},[36,154289,154290,154292,154294,154296,154298,154300,154302,154304],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,154291,142],{"class":141},[36,154293,145],{"class":50},[36,154295,36325],{"class":148},[36,154297,3941],{"class":50},[36,154299,2070],{"class":46},[36,154301,481],{"class":54},[36,154303,20478],{"class":50},[36,154305,51525],{"class":1617},[36,154307,154308,154310,154312,154314,154316,154318,154320,154322],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,154309,142],{"class":141},[36,154311,145],{"class":50},[36,154313,36325],{"class":148},[36,154315,3941],{"class":50},[36,154317,2070],{"class":46},[36,154319,485],{"class":54},[36,154321,20478],{"class":50},[36,154323,154166],{"class":1617},[14,154325,154326],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[14,154328,154329],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[21,154331,154333],{"id":154332},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[14,154335,154336],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[26,154338,154340],{"className":28,"code":154339,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[33,154341,154342,154374,154378,154395,154412],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,154343,154344,154346,154348,154350,154352,154354,154356,154358,154360,154362,154364,154366,154368,154370,154372],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,154345,5034],{"class":42},[36,154347,47],{"class":46},[36,154349,1131],{"class":50},[36,154351,88],{"class":87},[36,154353,12912],{"class":91},[36,154355,88],{"class":87},[36,154357,58],{"class":50},[36,154359,99],{"class":87},[36,154361,35977],{"class":91},[36,154363,88],{"class":87},[36,154365,58],{"class":50},[36,154367,99],{"class":87},[36,154369,35986],{"class":91},[36,154371,88],{"class":87},[36,154373,152],{"class":50},[36,154375,154376],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,154377,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,154379,154380,154382,154384,154386,154388,154390,154392],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,154381,142],{"class":141},[36,154383,145],{"class":50},[36,154385,5078],{"class":148},[36,154387,3941],{"class":50},[36,154389,2166],{"class":54},[36,154391,20478],{"class":50},[36,154393,154394],{"class":1617},"   # first item\n",[36,154396,154397,154399,154401,154403,154405,154407,154409],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,154398,142],{"class":141},[36,154400,145],{"class":50},[36,154402,5078],{"class":148},[36,154404,3941],{"class":50},[36,154406,55],{"class":54},[36,154408,20478],{"class":50},[36,154410,154411],{"class":1617},"   # middle item\n",[36,154413,154414,154416,154418,154420,154422,154424,154426,154428],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,154415,142],{"class":141},[36,154417,145],{"class":50},[36,154419,5078],{"class":148},[36,154421,3941],{"class":50},[36,154423,2070],{"class":46},[36,154425,55],{"class":54},[36,154427,20478],{"class":50},[36,154429,154430],{"class":1617},"  # last item\n",[14,154432,182],{},[26,154434,154436],{"className":28,"code":154435,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[33,154437,154438,154442,154447],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,154439,154440],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,154441,50078],{"class":42},[36,154443,154444],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,154445,154446],{"class":42},"Ben\n",[36,154448,154449],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,154450,154451],{"class":42},"Cara\n",[14,154453,154454],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[21,154456,154458],{"id":154457},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[14,154460,154461],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[14,154463,2257],{},[26,154465,154467],{"className":28,"code":154466,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[33,154468,154469,154501,154505],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,154470,154471,154473,154475,154477,154479,154481,154483,154485,154487,154489,154491,154493,154495,154497,154499],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,154472,697],{"class":42},[36,154474,47],{"class":46},[36,154476,1131],{"class":50},[36,154478,88],{"class":87},[36,154480,294],{"class":91},[36,154482,88],{"class":87},[36,154484,58],{"class":50},[36,154486,99],{"class":87},[36,154488,1707],{"class":91},[36,154490,88],{"class":87},[36,154492,58],{"class":50},[36,154494,99],{"class":87},[36,154496,9770],{"class":91},[36,154498,88],{"class":87},[36,154500,152],{"class":50},[36,154502,154503],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,154504,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,154506,154507,154509,154511,154513,154515,154517],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,154508,142],{"class":141},[36,154510,145],{"class":50},[36,154512,721],{"class":148},[36,154514,3941],{"class":50},[36,154516,2183],{"class":54},[36,154518,115],{"class":50},[14,154520,182],{},[26,154522,154524],{"className":28,"code":154523,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[33,154525,154526,154538,154543],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,154527,154528,154531,154533,154536],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,154529,154530],{"class":148},"Traceback ",[36,154532,145],{"class":50},[36,154534,154535],{"class":148},"most recent call last",[36,154537,8378],{"class":50},[36,154539,154540],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,154541,154542],{"class":34487},"  ...\n",[36,154544,154545,154547,154549,154551,154554],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,154546,70767],{"class":80},[36,154548,1213],{"class":50},[36,154550,149203],{"class":80},[36,154552,154553],{"class":42}," index out of ",[36,154555,70959],{"class":141},[14,154557,154558],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[246,154560,154561,154565,154569],{},[249,154562,154563],{},[33,154564,2166],{},[249,154566,154567],{},[33,154568,55],{},[249,154570,154571],{},[33,154572,481],{},[14,154574,154575,154576,303],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[294,154577,154578,154580],{"href":149075},[33,154579,42398],{}," on a tuple",[26,154582,154584],{"className":28,"code":154583,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[33,154585,154586,154618,154622,154638,154642,154660],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,154587,154588,154590,154592,154594,154596,154598,154600,154602,154604,154606,154608,154610,154612,154614,154616],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,154589,697],{"class":42},[36,154591,47],{"class":46},[36,154593,1131],{"class":50},[36,154595,88],{"class":87},[36,154597,294],{"class":91},[36,154599,88],{"class":87},[36,154601,58],{"class":50},[36,154603,99],{"class":87},[36,154605,1707],{"class":91},[36,154607,88],{"class":87},[36,154609,58],{"class":50},[36,154611,99],{"class":87},[36,154613,9770],{"class":91},[36,154615,88],{"class":87},[36,154617,152],{"class":50},[36,154619,154620],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,154621,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,154623,154624,154626,154628,154630,154632,154634,154636],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,154625,142],{"class":141},[36,154627,145],{"class":50},[36,154629,438],{"class":141},[36,154631,145],{"class":50},[36,154633,721],{"class":148},[36,154635,5402],{"class":50},[36,154637,50809],{"class":1617},[36,154639,154640],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,154641,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,154643,154644,154646,154648,154650,154652,154654,154656,154658],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,154645,7037],{"class":3917},[36,154647,38422],{"class":141},[36,154649,145],{"class":50},[36,154651,721],{"class":148},[36,154653,3703],{"class":50},[36,154655,38432],{"class":46},[36,154657,61],{"class":54},[36,154659,6433],{"class":50},[36,154661,154662,154664,154666,154668,154670,154672],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,154663,8105],{"class":141},[36,154665,145],{"class":50},[36,154667,721],{"class":148},[36,154669,3941],{"class":50},[36,154671,481],{"class":54},[36,154673,115],{"class":50},[14,154675,154676,154677,303],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[294,154678,25713,154680],{"href":154679},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[33,154681,154682],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[21,154684,154686],{"id":154685},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[14,154688,154689],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[246,154691,154692,154694],{},[249,154693,76909],{},[249,154695,154696],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[14,154698,154699],{},"Indexing example:",[26,154701,154703],{"className":28,"code":154702,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[33,154704,154705,154729,154733],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,154706,154707,154709,154711,154713,154715,154717,154719,154721,154723,154725,154727],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,154708,43],{"class":42},[36,154710,47],{"class":46},[36,154712,1131],{"class":50},[36,154714,631],{"class":54},[36,154716,58],{"class":50},[36,154718,636],{"class":54},[36,154720,58],{"class":50},[36,154722,645],{"class":54},[36,154724,58],{"class":50},[36,154726,50882],{"class":54},[36,154728,152],{"class":50},[36,154730,154731],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,154732,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,154734,154735,154737,154739,154741,154743,154745],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,154736,142],{"class":141},[36,154738,145],{"class":50},[36,154740,149],{"class":148},[36,154742,3941],{"class":50},[36,154744,55],{"class":54},[36,154746,115],{"class":50},[14,154748,182],{},[26,154750,154751],{"className":28,"code":71260,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,154752,154753],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,154754,154755],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,154756,71260],{"class":54},[14,154758,154759],{},"Slicing example:",[26,154761,154763],{"className":28,"code":154762,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[33,154764,154765,154789,154793],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,154766,154767,154769,154771,154773,154775,154777,154779,154781,154783,154785,154787],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,154768,43],{"class":42},[36,154770,47],{"class":46},[36,154772,1131],{"class":50},[36,154774,631],{"class":54},[36,154776,58],{"class":50},[36,154778,636],{"class":54},[36,154780,58],{"class":50},[36,154782,645],{"class":54},[36,154784,58],{"class":50},[36,154786,50882],{"class":54},[36,154788,152],{"class":50},[36,154790,154791],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,154792,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,154794,154795,154797,154799,154801,154803,154805,154807,154809],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,154796,142],{"class":141},[36,154798,145],{"class":50},[36,154800,149],{"class":148},[36,154802,3941],{"class":50},[36,154804,55],{"class":54},[36,154806,1213],{"class":50},[36,154808,485],{"class":54},[36,154810,115],{"class":50},[14,154812,182],{},[26,154814,154816],{"className":28,"code":154815,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"(20, 30)\n",[33,154817,154818],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,154819,154820,154822,154824,154826,154828],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,154821,145],{"class":50},[36,154823,15783],{"class":54},[36,154825,58],{"class":50},[36,154827,645],{"class":54},[36,154829,152],{"class":50},[14,154831,154832,154833,303],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[294,154834,150754],{"href":150753},[21,154836,154838],{"id":154837},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[14,154840,154841],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[14,154843,154844],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[14,154846,6727],{},[26,154848,154850],{"className":28,"code":154849,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[33,154851,154852,154884],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,154853,154854,154856,154858,154860,154862,154864,154866,154868,154870,154872,154874,154876,154878,154880,154882],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,154855,13108],{"class":42},[36,154857,47],{"class":46},[36,154859,1131],{"class":50},[36,154861,88],{"class":87},[36,154863,13125],{"class":91},[36,154865,88],{"class":87},[36,154867,58],{"class":50},[36,154869,99],{"class":87},[36,154871,17486],{"class":91},[36,154873,88],{"class":87},[36,154875,58],{"class":50},[36,154877,99],{"class":87},[36,154879,13142],{"class":91},[36,154881,88],{"class":87},[36,154883,152],{"class":50},[36,154885,154886,154888,154890,154892,154894,154896],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,154887,142],{"class":141},[36,154889,145],{"class":50},[36,154891,17533],{"class":148},[36,154893,3941],{"class":50},[36,154895,55],{"class":54},[36,154897,115],{"class":50},[14,154899,154900],{},"But this does not work:",[26,154902,154904],{"className":28,"code":154903,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[33,154905,154906,154938],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,154907,154908,154910,154912,154914,154916,154918,154920,154922,154924,154926,154928,154930,154932,154934,154936],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,154909,13108],{"class":42},[36,154911,47],{"class":46},[36,154913,1131],{"class":50},[36,154915,88],{"class":87},[36,154917,13125],{"class":91},[36,154919,88],{"class":87},[36,154921,58],{"class":50},[36,154923,99],{"class":87},[36,154925,17486],{"class":91},[36,154927,88],{"class":87},[36,154929,58],{"class":50},[36,154931,99],{"class":87},[36,154933,13142],{"class":91},[36,154935,88],{"class":87},[36,154937,152],{"class":50},[36,154939,154940,154942,154944,154946,154948,154950,154952,154954],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,154941,17533],{"class":42},[36,154943,3941],{"class":50},[36,154945,55],{"class":54},[36,154947,13306],{"class":50},[36,154949,13309],{"class":46},[36,154951,99],{"class":87},[36,154953,22556],{"class":91},[36,154955,3403],{"class":87},[14,154957,154958],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[14,154960,154961],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[21,154963,1455],{"id":1454},[14,154965,154966],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[246,154968,154969,154975,154978,154981],{},[249,154970,132565,154971,11122,154973],{},[33,154972,55],{},[33,154974,2166],{},[249,154976,154977],{},"Using an index that is too large",[249,154979,154980],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[249,154982,154983,154984],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[33,154985,154986],{},"tuple[index]",[14,154988,62330],{},[26,154990,154992],{"className":28,"code":154991,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[33,154993,154994,155004,155018,155032,155048],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,154995,154996,154998,155000,155002],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,154997,142],{"class":141},[36,154999,145],{"class":50},[36,155001,147855],{"class":148},[36,155003,152],{"class":50},[36,155005,155006,155008,155010,155012,155014,155016],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,155007,142],{"class":141},[36,155009,145],{"class":50},[36,155011,438],{"class":141},[36,155013,145],{"class":50},[36,155015,147855],{"class":148},[36,155017,445],{"class":50},[36,155019,155020,155022,155024,155026,155028,155030],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,155021,142],{"class":141},[36,155023,145],{"class":50},[36,155025,147855],{"class":148},[36,155027,3941],{"class":50},[36,155029,2166],{"class":54},[36,155031,115],{"class":50},[36,155033,155034,155036,155038,155040,155042,155044,155046],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,155035,142],{"class":141},[36,155037,145],{"class":50},[36,155039,147855],{"class":148},[36,155041,3941],{"class":50},[36,155043,2070],{"class":46},[36,155045,55],{"class":54},[36,155047,115],{"class":50},[36,155049,155050,155052,155054,155056,155058,155060],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,155051,142],{"class":141},[36,155053,145],{"class":50},[36,155055,818],{"class":80},[36,155057,145],{"class":50},[36,155059,147855],{"class":148},[36,155061,445],{"class":50},[14,155063,155064],{},"These can help you confirm:",[246,155066,155067,155070,155072,155075],{},[249,155068,155069],{},"what the tuple contains",[249,155071,60819],{},[249,155073,155074],{},"what the first and last items are",[249,155076,155077],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[21,155079,1872],{"id":1871},[376,155081,155083],{"id":155082},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[14,155085,155086,155087,303],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[33,155088,2166],{},[376,155090,155092],{"id":155091},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[14,155094,495,155095,155097],{},[33,155096,65890],{}," as the index:",[26,155099,155101],{"className":28,"code":155100,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[33,155102,155103],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,155104,155105,155107,155109,155111,155113],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,155106,147855],{"class":42},[36,155108,3941],{"class":50},[36,155110,2070],{"class":46},[36,155112,55],{"class":54},[36,155114,1355],{"class":50},[376,155116,155118],{"id":155117},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[14,155120,155121],{},"Python raises:",[26,155123,155125],{"className":28,"code":155124,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[33,155126,155127],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,155128,155129,155131,155133,155135,155137],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,155130,70767],{"class":80},[36,155132,1213],{"class":50},[36,155134,149203],{"class":80},[36,155136,154553],{"class":42},[36,155138,70959],{"class":141},[376,155140,155142],{"id":155141},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[14,155144,155145],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[21,155147,1923],{"id":1922},[246,155149,155150,155155,155159,155163,155169],{},[249,155151,155152],{},[294,155153,155154],{"href":147840},"How to create a tuple in Python",[249,155156,155157],{},[294,155158,150754],{"href":150753},[249,155160,155161],{},[294,155162,150759],{"href":149075},[249,155164,155165],{},[294,155166,26156,155167],{"href":154679},[33,155168,154682],{},[249,155170,155171],{},[294,155172,147837],{"href":147836},[1962,155174,155175],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":155177},[155178,155179,155180,155181,155182,155183,155184,155185,155186,155187,155193],{"id":23,"depth":72,"text":24},{"id":153941,"depth":72,"text":153942},{"id":154067,"depth":72,"text":154068},{"id":154205,"depth":72,"text":154206},{"id":154332,"depth":72,"text":154333},{"id":154457,"depth":72,"text":154458},{"id":154685,"depth":72,"text":154686},{"id":154837,"depth":72,"text":154838},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":155188},[155189,155190,155191,155192],{"id":155082,"depth":118,"text":155083},{"id":155091,"depth":118,"text":155092},{"id":155117,"depth":118,"text":155118},{"id":155141,"depth":118,"text":155142},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153798,"description":155194},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155200,"title":155201,"body":155202,"description":157091,"extension":2009,"meta":157092,"navigation":134,"path":157093,"seo":157094,"stem":157095,"__hash__":157096},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155203,"toc":157048},[155204,155210,155215,155266,155270,155278,155284,155286,155302,155304,155307,155322,155324,155337,155339,155396,155400,155408,155415,155421,155427,155431,155482,155486,155494,155498,155527,155531,155539,155543,155576,155580,155588,155592,155595,155646,155650,155658,155660,155677,155681,155685,155744,155748,155756,155759,155786,155790,155798,155802,155808,155883,155887,155924,155932,155936,155999,156003,156011,156016,156020,156026,156069,156073,156081,156087,156090,156137,156141,156149,156158,156164,156219,156223,156231,156234,156238,156240,156271,156275,156294,156297,156342,156346,156369,156375,156380,156382,156429,156434,156437,156485,156489,156497,156501,156506,156510,156560,156564,156579,156583,156641,156645,156660,156664,156735,156739,156748,156752,156831,156835,156857,156865,156867,156870,156895,156897,156950,156952,156969,156971,156975,156981,156986,156991,156995,157000,157004,157009,157015,157018,157020,157045],[10,155205,155207,155208,3703],{"id":155206},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[33,155209,438],{},[14,155211,495,155212,155214],{},[33,155213,42398],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[26,155216,155218],{"className":28,"code":155217,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[33,155219,155220,155252],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,155221,155222,155224,155226,155228,155230,155232,155234,155236,155238,155240,155242,155244,155246,155248,155250],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,155223,13108],{"class":42},[36,155225,47],{"class":46},[36,155227,1131],{"class":50},[36,155229,88],{"class":87},[36,155231,13125],{"class":91},[36,155233,88],{"class":87},[36,155235,58],{"class":50},[36,155237,99],{"class":87},[36,155239,17486],{"class":91},[36,155241,88],{"class":87},[36,155243,58],{"class":50},[36,155245,99],{"class":87},[36,155247,13142],{"class":91},[36,155249,88],{"class":87},[36,155251,152],{"class":50},[36,155253,155254,155256,155258,155260,155262,155264],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,155255,142],{"class":141},[36,155257,145],{"class":50},[36,155259,438],{"class":141},[36,155261,145],{"class":50},[36,155263,17533],{"class":148},[36,155265,445],{"class":50},[14,155267,155268],{},[180,155269,182],{},[26,155271,155272],{"className":28,"code":475,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,155273,155274],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,155275,155276],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,155277,475],{"class":54},[14,155279,495,155280,155283],{},[33,155281,155282],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[21,155285,244],{"id":243},[246,155287,155288,155293,155297,155300],{},[249,155289,4236,155290,155292],{},[33,155291,42398],{}," works with tuples",[249,155294,68294,155295,11736],{},[33,155296,42398],{},[249,155298,155299],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[249,155301,4557],{},[21,155303,2205],{"id":2204},[14,155305,155306],{},"Use this pattern:",[26,155308,155310],{"className":28,"code":155309,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"len(my_tuple)\n",[33,155311,155312],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,155313,155314,155316,155318,155320],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,155315,438],{"class":141},[36,155317,145],{"class":50},[36,155319,147855],{"class":148},[36,155321,152],{"class":50},[14,155323,11488],{},[246,155325,155326,155329,155332],{},[249,155327,155328],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[249,155330,155331],{},"The result is an integer",[249,155333,155334,155336],{},[33,155335,42398],{}," does not change the tuple",[14,155338,2257],{},[26,155340,155342],{"className":28,"code":155341,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[33,155343,155344,155368,155382,155386],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,155345,155346,155348,155350,155352,155354,155356,155358,155360,155362,155364,155366],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,155347,43],{"class":42},[36,155349,47],{"class":46},[36,155351,1131],{"class":50},[36,155353,631],{"class":54},[36,155355,58],{"class":50},[36,155357,636],{"class":54},[36,155359,58],{"class":50},[36,155361,645],{"class":54},[36,155363,58],{"class":50},[36,155365,50882],{"class":54},[36,155367,152],{"class":50},[36,155369,155370,155372,155374,155376,155378,155380],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,155371,41278],{"class":42},[36,155373,47],{"class":46},[36,155375,38422],{"class":141},[36,155377,145],{"class":50},[36,155379,149],{"class":148},[36,155381,152],{"class":50},[36,155383,155384],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,155385,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,155387,155388,155390,155392,155394],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,155389,142],{"class":141},[36,155391,145],{"class":50},[36,155393,41296],{"class":148},[36,155395,152],{"class":50},[14,155397,155398],{},[180,155399,182],{},[26,155401,155402],{"className":28,"code":48688,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,155403,155404],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,155405,155406],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,155407,48688],{"class":54},[14,155409,155410,155411,303],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[294,155412,1935,155413,3554],{"href":42395},[33,155414,42398],{},[21,155416,3720,155418,155420],{"id":155417},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[33,155419,42398],{}," returns for a tuple",[14,155422,155423,155424,155426],{},"For a tuple, ",[33,155425,42398],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[376,155428,155430],{"id":155429},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[26,155432,155434],{"className":28,"code":155433,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[33,155435,155436,155468],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,155437,155438,155440,155442,155444,155446,155448,155450,155452,155454,155456,155458,155460,155462,155464,155466],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,155439,36273],{"class":42},[36,155441,47],{"class":46},[36,155443,1131],{"class":50},[36,155445,88],{"class":87},[36,155447,92],{"class":91},[36,155449,88],{"class":87},[36,155451,58],{"class":50},[36,155453,99],{"class":87},[36,155455,102],{"class":91},[36,155457,88],{"class":87},[36,155459,58],{"class":50},[36,155461,99],{"class":87},[36,155463,1005],{"class":91},[36,155465,88],{"class":87},[36,155467,152],{"class":50},[36,155469,155470,155472,155474,155476,155478,155480],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,155471,142],{"class":141},[36,155473,145],{"class":50},[36,155475,438],{"class":141},[36,155477,145],{"class":50},[36,155479,36325],{"class":148},[36,155481,445],{"class":50},[14,155483,155484],{},[180,155485,182],{},[26,155487,155488],{"className":28,"code":475,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,155489,155490],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,155491,155492],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,155493,475],{"class":54},[376,155495,155497],{"id":155496},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[26,155499,155501],{"className":28,"code":155500,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[33,155502,155503,155512],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,155504,155505,155508,155510],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,155506,155507],{"class":42},"empty_tuple ",[36,155509,47],{"class":46},[36,155511,149179],{"class":50},[36,155513,155514,155516,155518,155520,155522,155525],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,155515,142],{"class":141},[36,155517,145],{"class":50},[36,155519,438],{"class":141},[36,155521,145],{"class":50},[36,155523,155524],{"class":148},"empty_tuple",[36,155526,445],{"class":50},[14,155528,155529],{},[180,155530,182],{},[26,155532,155533],{"className":28,"code":47289,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,155534,155535],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,155536,155537],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,155538,47289],{"class":54},[376,155540,155542],{"id":155541},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[26,155544,155546],{"className":28,"code":155545,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[33,155547,155548,155561],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,155549,155550,155553,155555,155557,155559],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,155551,155552],{"class":42},"single_value ",[36,155554,47],{"class":46},[36,155556,1131],{"class":50},[36,155558,2183],{"class":54},[36,155560,149193],{"class":50},[36,155562,155563,155565,155567,155569,155571,155574],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,155564,142],{"class":141},[36,155566,145],{"class":50},[36,155568,438],{"class":141},[36,155570,145],{"class":50},[36,155572,155573],{"class":148},"single_value",[36,155575,445],{"class":50},[14,155577,155578],{},[180,155579,182],{},[26,155581,155582],{"className":28,"code":46954,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,155583,155584],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,155585,155586],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,155587,46954],{"class":54},[376,155589,155591],{"id":155590},"nested-items","Nested items",[14,155593,155594],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[26,155596,155598],{"className":28,"code":155597,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[33,155599,155600,155632],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,155601,155602,155604,155606,155608,155610,155612,155614,155616,155618,155620,155622,155624,155626,155628,155630],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,155603,9200],{"class":42},[36,155605,47],{"class":46},[36,155607,1131],{"class":50},[36,155609,55],{"class":54},[36,155611,58],{"class":50},[36,155613,1131],{"class":50},[36,155615,481],{"class":54},[36,155617,58],{"class":50},[36,155619,66],{"class":54},[36,155621,1140],{"class":50},[36,155623,1333],{"class":50},[36,155625,2554],{"class":54},[36,155627,58],{"class":50},[36,155629,4644],{"class":54},[36,155631,115],{"class":50},[36,155633,155634,155636,155638,155640,155642,155644],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,155635,142],{"class":141},[36,155637,145],{"class":50},[36,155639,438],{"class":141},[36,155641,145],{"class":50},[36,155643,9239],{"class":148},[36,155645,445],{"class":50},[14,155647,155648],{},[180,155649,182],{},[26,155651,155652],{"className":28,"code":475,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,155653,155654],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,155655,155656],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,155657,475],{"class":54},[14,155659,19989],{},[246,155661,155662,155667,155672],{},[249,155663,155664,155666],{},[33,155665,55],{}," is one item",[249,155668,155669,155666],{},[33,155670,155671],{},"(2, 3)",[249,155673,155674,155666],{},[33,155675,155676],{},"[4, 5]",[21,155678,155680],{"id":155679},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[376,155682,155684],{"id":155683},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[26,155686,155688],{"className":28,"code":155687,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[33,155689,155690,155730],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,155691,155692,155694,155696,155698,155700,155702,155704,155706,155708,155710,155712,155714,155716,155718,155720,155722,155724,155726,155728],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,155693,13108],{"class":42},[36,155695,47],{"class":46},[36,155697,1131],{"class":50},[36,155699,88],{"class":87},[36,155701,13125],{"class":91},[36,155703,88],{"class":87},[36,155705,58],{"class":50},[36,155707,99],{"class":87},[36,155709,17486],{"class":91},[36,155711,88],{"class":87},[36,155713,58],{"class":50},[36,155715,99],{"class":87},[36,155717,13142],{"class":91},[36,155719,88],{"class":87},[36,155721,58],{"class":50},[36,155723,99],{"class":87},[36,155725,22556],{"class":91},[36,155727,88],{"class":87},[36,155729,152],{"class":50},[36,155731,155732,155734,155736,155738,155740,155742],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,155733,142],{"class":141},[36,155735,145],{"class":50},[36,155737,438],{"class":141},[36,155739,145],{"class":50},[36,155741,17533],{"class":148},[36,155743,445],{"class":50},[14,155745,155746],{},[180,155747,182],{},[26,155749,155750],{"className":28,"code":48688,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,155751,155752],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,155753,155754],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,155755,48688],{"class":54},[376,155757,155497],{"id":155758},"empty-tuple-1",[26,155760,155762],{"className":28,"code":155761,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[33,155763,155764,155772],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,155765,155766,155768,155770],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,155767,1328],{"class":42},[36,155769,47],{"class":46},[36,155771,149179],{"class":50},[36,155773,155774,155776,155778,155780,155782,155784],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,155775,142],{"class":141},[36,155777,145],{"class":50},[36,155779,438],{"class":141},[36,155781,145],{"class":50},[36,155783,1369],{"class":148},[36,155785,445],{"class":50},[14,155787,155788],{},[180,155789,182],{},[26,155791,155792],{"className":28,"code":47289,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,155793,155794],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,155795,155796],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,155797,47289],{"class":54},[376,155799,155801],{"id":155800},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[14,155803,155804,155805,155807],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[180,155806,870],{}," always a tuple.",[26,155809,155811],{"className":28,"code":155810,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[33,155812,155813,155825,155837,155841,155855,155869],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,155814,155815,155817,155819,155821,155823],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,155816,2604],{"class":42},[36,155818,47],{"class":46},[36,155820,1131],{"class":50},[36,155822,2183],{"class":54},[36,155824,152],{"class":50},[36,155826,155827,155829,155831,155833,155835],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,155828,2632],{"class":42},[36,155830,47],{"class":46},[36,155832,1131],{"class":50},[36,155834,2183],{"class":54},[36,155836,149193],{"class":50},[36,155838,155839],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,155840,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,155842,155843,155845,155847,155849,155851,155853],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,155844,142],{"class":141},[36,155846,145],{"class":50},[36,155848,818],{"class":80},[36,155850,145],{"class":50},[36,155852,294],{"class":148},[36,155854,445],{"class":50},[36,155856,155857,155859,155861,155863,155865,155867],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,155858,142],{"class":141},[36,155860,145],{"class":50},[36,155862,818],{"class":80},[36,155864,145],{"class":50},[36,155866,1707],{"class":148},[36,155868,445],{"class":50},[36,155870,155871,155873,155875,155877,155879,155881],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,155872,142],{"class":141},[36,155874,145],{"class":50},[36,155876,438],{"class":141},[36,155878,145],{"class":50},[36,155880,1707],{"class":148},[36,155882,445],{"class":50},[14,155884,155885],{},[180,155886,182],{},[26,155888,155890],{"className":28,"code":155889,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[33,155891,155892,155906,155920],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,155893,155894,155896,155898,155900,155902,155904],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,155895,844],{"class":46},[36,155897,848],{"class":847},[36,155899,220],{"class":87},[36,155901,2237],{"class":91},[36,155903,211],{"class":87},[36,155905,857],{"class":46},[36,155907,155908,155910,155912,155914,155916,155918],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,155909,844],{"class":46},[36,155911,848],{"class":847},[36,155913,220],{"class":87},[36,155915,48991],{"class":91},[36,155917,211],{"class":87},[36,155919,857],{"class":46},[36,155921,155922],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,155923,46954],{"class":54},[14,155925,155926,155927,482,155930,303],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[294,155928,155929],{"href":147840},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[294,155931,149141],{"href":149140},[376,155933,155935],{"id":155934},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[26,155937,155939],{"className":28,"code":155938,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[33,155940,155941,155985],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,155942,155943,155945,155947,155949,155951,155953,155955,155957,155959,155961,155963,155965,155967,155969,155971,155973,155975,155977,155979,155981,155983],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,155944,59511],{"class":42},[36,155946,47],{"class":46},[36,155948,1131],{"class":50},[36,155950,88],{"class":87},[36,155952,92],{"class":91},[36,155954,88],{"class":87},[36,155956,58],{"class":50},[36,155958,1333],{"class":50},[36,155960,55],{"class":54},[36,155962,58],{"class":50},[36,155964,61],{"class":54},[36,155966,18093],{"class":50},[36,155968,1131],{"class":50},[36,155970,88],{"class":87},[36,155972,2222],{"class":91},[36,155974,88],{"class":87},[36,155976,58],{"class":50},[36,155978,99],{"class":87},[36,155980,11775],{"class":91},[36,155982,88],{"class":87},[36,155984,445],{"class":50},[36,155986,155987,155989,155991,155993,155995,155997],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,155988,142],{"class":141},[36,155990,145],{"class":50},[36,155992,438],{"class":141},[36,155994,145],{"class":50},[36,155996,59564],{"class":148},[36,155998,445],{"class":50},[14,156000,156001],{},[180,156002,182],{},[26,156004,156005],{"className":28,"code":475,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,156006,156007],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,156008,156009],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,156010,475],{"class":54},[14,156012,156013,156015],{},[33,156014,42398],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[21,156017,156019],{"id":156018},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[376,156021,156023,156025],{"id":156022},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[33,156024,42398],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[26,156027,156029],{"className":28,"code":156028,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[33,156030,156031,156055],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,156032,156033,156035,156037,156039,156041,156043,156045,156047,156049,156051,156053],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,156034,75],{"class":42},[36,156036,47],{"class":46},[36,156038,1131],{"class":50},[36,156040,88],{"class":87},[36,156042,63631],{"class":91},[36,156044,88],{"class":87},[36,156046,58],{"class":50},[36,156048,99],{"class":87},[36,156050,30],{"class":91},[36,156052,88],{"class":87},[36,156054,152],{"class":50},[36,156056,156057,156059,156061,156063,156065,156067],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,156058,142],{"class":141},[36,156060,145],{"class":50},[36,156062,438],{"class":141},[36,156064,145],{"class":50},[36,156066,162],{"class":148},[36,156068,445],{"class":50},[14,156070,156071],{},[180,156072,182],{},[26,156074,156075],{"className":28,"code":17086,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,156076,156077],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,156078,156079],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,156080,17086],{"class":54},[14,156082,156083,156084,156086],{},"This result is ",[33,156085,481],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[14,156088,156089],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[26,156091,156093],{"className":28,"code":156092,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[33,156094,156095,156119],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,156096,156097,156099,156101,156103,156105,156107,156109,156111,156113,156115,156117],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,156098,75],{"class":42},[36,156100,47],{"class":46},[36,156102,1131],{"class":50},[36,156104,88],{"class":87},[36,156106,63631],{"class":91},[36,156108,88],{"class":87},[36,156110,58],{"class":50},[36,156112,99],{"class":87},[36,156114,30],{"class":91},[36,156116,88],{"class":87},[36,156118,152],{"class":50},[36,156120,156121,156123,156125,156127,156129,156131,156133,156135],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,156122,142],{"class":141},[36,156124,145],{"class":50},[36,156126,438],{"class":141},[36,156128,145],{"class":50},[36,156130,162],{"class":148},[36,156132,3941],{"class":50},[36,156134,2166],{"class":54},[36,156136,3047],{"class":50},[14,156138,156139],{},[180,156140,182],{},[26,156142,156143],{"className":28,"code":17086,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,156144,156145],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,156146,156147],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,156148,17086],{"class":54},[14,156150,20803,156151,156154,156155,303],{},[33,156152,156153],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[33,156156,156157],{},"\"hi\"",[376,156159,156161,156163],{"id":156160},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[33,156162,42398],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[26,156165,156167],{"className":28,"code":156166,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[33,156168,156169,156205],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,156170,156171,156173,156175,156177,156179,156181,156183,156185,156187,156189,156191,156193,156195,156197,156199,156201,156203],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,156172,621],{"class":42},[36,156174,47],{"class":46},[36,156176,10025],{"class":50},[36,156178,55],{"class":54},[36,156180,58],{"class":50},[36,156182,61],{"class":54},[36,156184,1140],{"class":50},[36,156186,1131],{"class":50},[36,156188,485],{"class":54},[36,156190,58],{"class":50},[36,156192,559],{"class":54},[36,156194,1140],{"class":50},[36,156196,1131],{"class":50},[36,156198,2183],{"class":54},[36,156200,58],{"class":50},[36,156202,37679],{"class":54},[36,156204,445],{"class":50},[36,156206,156207,156209,156211,156213,156215,156217],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,156208,142],{"class":141},[36,156210,145],{"class":50},[36,156212,438],{"class":141},[36,156214,145],{"class":50},[36,156216,656],{"class":148},[36,156218,445],{"class":50},[14,156220,156221],{},[180,156222,182],{},[26,156224,156225],{"className":28,"code":475,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,156226,156227],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,156228,156229],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,156230,475],{"class":54},[14,156232,156233],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[376,156235,156237],{"id":156236},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[14,156239,25724],{},[26,156241,156243],{"className":28,"code":156242,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[33,156244,156245,156257],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,156246,156247,156249,156251,156253,156255],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,156248,1478],{"class":42},[36,156250,47],{"class":46},[36,156252,1131],{"class":50},[36,156254,631],{"class":54},[36,156256,152],{"class":50},[36,156258,156259,156261,156263,156265,156267,156269],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,156260,142],{"class":141},[36,156262,145],{"class":50},[36,156264,818],{"class":80},[36,156266,145],{"class":50},[36,156268,1495],{"class":148},[36,156270,445],{"class":50},[14,156272,156273],{},[180,156274,182],{},[26,156276,156278],{"className":28,"code":156277,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[33,156279,156280],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,156281,156282,156284,156286,156288,156290,156292],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,156283,844],{"class":46},[36,156285,848],{"class":847},[36,156287,220],{"class":87},[36,156289,2237],{"class":91},[36,156291,211],{"class":87},[36,156293,857],{"class":46},[14,156295,156296],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[26,156298,156300],{"className":28,"code":156299,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[33,156301,156302,156314,156328],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,156303,156304,156306,156308,156310,156312],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,156305,1478],{"class":42},[36,156307,47],{"class":46},[36,156309,1131],{"class":50},[36,156311,631],{"class":54},[36,156313,149193],{"class":50},[36,156315,156316,156318,156320,156322,156324,156326],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,156317,142],{"class":141},[36,156319,145],{"class":50},[36,156321,818],{"class":80},[36,156323,145],{"class":50},[36,156325,1495],{"class":148},[36,156327,445],{"class":50},[36,156329,156330,156332,156334,156336,156338,156340],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,156331,142],{"class":141},[36,156333,145],{"class":50},[36,156335,438],{"class":141},[36,156337,145],{"class":50},[36,156339,1495],{"class":148},[36,156341,445],{"class":50},[14,156343,156344],{},[180,156345,182],{},[26,156347,156349],{"className":28,"code":156348,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[33,156350,156351,156365],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,156352,156353,156355,156357,156359,156361,156363],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,156354,844],{"class":46},[36,156356,848],{"class":847},[36,156358,220],{"class":87},[36,156360,48991],{"class":91},[36,156362,211],{"class":87},[36,156364,857],{"class":46},[36,156366,156367],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,156368,46954],{"class":54},[376,156370,156372,156374],{"id":156371},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[33,156373,438],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[14,156376,861,156377,156379],{},[33,156378,438],{}," as a variable name.",[14,156381,44497],{},[26,156383,156385],{"className":28,"code":156384,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[33,156386,156387,156395,156415],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,156388,156389,156391,156393],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,156390,438],{"class":141},[36,156392,13309],{"class":46},[36,156394,2637],{"class":54},[36,156396,156397,156399,156401,156403,156405,156407,156409,156411,156413],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,156398,43],{"class":42},[36,156400,47],{"class":46},[36,156402,1131],{"class":50},[36,156404,55],{"class":54},[36,156406,58],{"class":50},[36,156408,61],{"class":54},[36,156410,58],{"class":50},[36,156412,66],{"class":54},[36,156414,152],{"class":50},[36,156416,156417,156419,156421,156423,156425,156427],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,156418,142],{"class":141},[36,156420,145],{"class":50},[36,156422,438],{"class":141},[36,156424,145],{"class":50},[36,156426,149],{"class":148},[36,156428,445],{"class":50},[14,156430,39690,156431,156433],{},[33,156432,438],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[14,156435,156436],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[26,156438,156440],{"className":28,"code":156439,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[33,156441,156442,156451,156471],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,156443,156444,156447,156449],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,156445,156446],{"class":42},"length_value ",[36,156448,47],{"class":46},[36,156450,2637],{"class":54},[36,156452,156453,156455,156457,156459,156461,156463,156465,156467,156469],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,156454,43],{"class":42},[36,156456,47],{"class":46},[36,156458,1131],{"class":50},[36,156460,55],{"class":54},[36,156462,58],{"class":50},[36,156464,61],{"class":54},[36,156466,58],{"class":50},[36,156468,66],{"class":54},[36,156470,152],{"class":50},[36,156472,156473,156475,156477,156479,156481,156483],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,156474,142],{"class":141},[36,156476,145],{"class":50},[36,156478,438],{"class":141},[36,156480,145],{"class":50},[36,156482,149],{"class":148},[36,156484,445],{"class":50},[14,156486,156487],{},[180,156488,182],{},[26,156490,156491],{"className":28,"code":475,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,156492,156493],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,156494,156495],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,156496,475],{"class":54},[21,156498,156500],{"id":156499},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[14,156502,156503,156505],{},[33,156504,42398],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[376,156507,156509],{"id":156508},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[26,156511,156513],{"className":28,"code":156512,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[33,156514,156515,156523,156527,156545],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,156516,156517,156519,156521],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,156518,1328],{"class":42},[36,156520,47],{"class":46},[36,156522,149179],{"class":50},[36,156524,156525],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,156526,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,156528,156529,156531,156533,156535,156537,156539,156541,156543],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,156530,7037],{"class":3917},[36,156532,38422],{"class":141},[36,156534,145],{"class":50},[36,156536,1369],{"class":148},[36,156538,3703],{"class":50},[36,156540,6448],{"class":46},[36,156542,3875],{"class":54},[36,156544,6433],{"class":50},[36,156546,156547,156549,156551,156553,156556,156558],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,156548,8105],{"class":141},[36,156550,145],{"class":50},[36,156552,88],{"class":87},[36,156554,156555],{"class":91},"The tuple is empty",[36,156557,88],{"class":87},[36,156559,152],{"class":50},[14,156561,156562],{},[180,156563,182],{},[26,156565,156567],{"className":28,"code":156566,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"The tuple is empty\n",[33,156568,156569],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,156570,156571,156573,156575,156577],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,156572,2026],{"class":42},[36,156574,48991],{"class":80},[36,156576,8132],{"class":46},[36,156578,8138],{"class":42},[376,156580,156582],{"id":156581},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[26,156584,156586],{"className":28,"code":156585,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[33,156587,156588,156604,156608,156626],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,156589,156590,156592,156594,156596,156598,156600,156602],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,156591,51424],{"class":42},[36,156593,47],{"class":46},[36,156595,1131],{"class":50},[36,156597,2554],{"class":54},[36,156599,58],{"class":50},[36,156601,6033],{"class":54},[36,156603,152],{"class":50},[36,156605,156606],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,156607,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,156609,156610,156612,156614,156616,156618,156620,156622,156624],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,156611,7037],{"class":3917},[36,156613,38422],{"class":141},[36,156615,145],{"class":50},[36,156617,51449],{"class":148},[36,156619,3703],{"class":50},[36,156621,6448],{"class":46},[36,156623,61],{"class":54},[36,156625,6433],{"class":50},[36,156627,156628,156630,156632,156634,156637,156639],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,156629,8105],{"class":141},[36,156631,145],{"class":50},[36,156633,88],{"class":87},[36,156635,156636],{"class":91},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[36,156638,88],{"class":87},[36,156640,152],{"class":50},[14,156642,156643],{},[180,156644,182],{},[26,156646,156648],{"className":28,"code":156647,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[33,156649,156650],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,156651,156652,156655,156657],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,156653,156654],{"class":42},"This looks like an x",[36,156656,58],{"class":50},[36,156658,156659],{"class":42}," y coordinate\n",[376,156661,156663],{"id":156662},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[26,156665,156667],{"className":28,"code":156666,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[33,156668,156669,156698,156702,156720],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,156670,156671,156673,156675,156677,156679,156681,156683,156685,156687,156689,156691,156694,156696],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,156672,11518],{"class":42},[36,156674,47],{"class":46},[36,156676,1131],{"class":50},[36,156678,88],{"class":87},[36,156680,12912],{"class":91},[36,156682,88],{"class":87},[36,156684,58],{"class":50},[36,156686,9338],{"class":54},[36,156688,58],{"class":50},[36,156690,99],{"class":87},[36,156692,156693],{"class":91},"Canada",[36,156695,88],{"class":87},[36,156697,152],{"class":50},[36,156699,156700],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,156701,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,156703,156704,156706,156708,156710,156712,156714,156716,156718],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,156705,7037],{"class":3917},[36,156707,38422],{"class":141},[36,156709,145],{"class":50},[36,156711,11612],{"class":148},[36,156713,3703],{"class":50},[36,156715,6448],{"class":46},[36,156717,66],{"class":54},[36,156719,6433],{"class":50},[36,156721,156722,156724,156726,156728,156731,156733],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,156723,8105],{"class":141},[36,156725,145],{"class":50},[36,156727,88],{"class":87},[36,156729,156730],{"class":91},"User record has the expected number of values",[36,156732,88],{"class":87},[36,156734,152],{"class":50},[14,156736,156737],{},[180,156738,182],{},[26,156740,156742],{"className":28,"code":156741,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[33,156743,156744],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,156745,156746],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,156747,156741],{"class":42},[376,156749,156751],{"id":156750},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[26,156753,156755],{"className":28,"code":156754,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[33,156756,156757,156789,156793,156813],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,156758,156759,156761,156763,156765,156767,156769,156771,156773,156775,156777,156779,156781,156783,156785,156787],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,156760,697],{"class":42},[36,156762,47],{"class":46},[36,156764,1131],{"class":50},[36,156766,88],{"class":87},[36,156768,294],{"class":91},[36,156770,88],{"class":87},[36,156772,58],{"class":50},[36,156774,99],{"class":87},[36,156776,1707],{"class":91},[36,156778,88],{"class":87},[36,156780,58],{"class":50},[36,156782,99],{"class":87},[36,156784,9770],{"class":91},[36,156786,88],{"class":87},[36,156788,152],{"class":50},[36,156790,156791],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,156792,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,156794,156795,156797,156799,156801,156803,156805,156807,156809,156811],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,156796,5997],{"class":3917},[36,156798,69584],{"class":42},[36,156800,3924],{"class":3917},[36,156802,54109],{"class":141},[36,156804,145],{"class":50},[36,156806,438],{"class":141},[36,156808,145],{"class":50},[36,156810,721],{"class":148},[36,156812,69599],{"class":50},[36,156814,156815,156817,156819,156821,156823,156825,156827,156829],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,156816,8105],{"class":141},[36,156818,145],{"class":50},[36,156820,36189],{"class":148},[36,156822,58],{"class":50},[36,156824,70132],{"class":148},[36,156826,3941],{"class":50},[36,156828,36189],{"class":148},[36,156830,115],{"class":50},[14,156832,156833],{},[180,156834,182],{},[26,156836,156837],{"className":28,"code":36201,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,156838,156839,156845,156851],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,156840,156841,156843],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,156842,2166],{"class":54},[36,156844,36210],{"class":42},[36,156846,156847,156849],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,156848,55],{"class":54},[36,156850,36217],{"class":42},[36,156852,156853,156855],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,156854,481],{"class":54},[36,156856,36224],{"class":42},[14,156858,156859,156860,156862,156863,303],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[294,156861,149510],{"href":149509},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[294,156864,150754],{"href":150753},[21,156866,1455],{"id":1454},[14,156868,156869],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[246,156871,156872,156880,156887,156892],{},[249,156873,156874,156875,11122,156878],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[33,156876,156877],{},"(5)",[33,156879,149344],{},[249,156881,1462,156882,156884,156885],{},[33,156883,438],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[33,156886,42398],{},[249,156888,8489,156889,156891],{},[33,156890,42398],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[249,156893,156894],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[14,156896,32116],{},[26,156898,156900],{"className":28,"code":156899,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[33,156901,156902,156912,156926,156940],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,156903,156904,156906,156908,156910],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,156905,142],{"class":141},[36,156907,145],{"class":50},[36,156909,147855],{"class":148},[36,156911,152],{"class":50},[36,156913,156914,156916,156918,156920,156922,156924],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,156915,142],{"class":141},[36,156917,145],{"class":50},[36,156919,818],{"class":80},[36,156921,145],{"class":50},[36,156923,147855],{"class":148},[36,156925,445],{"class":50},[36,156927,156928,156930,156932,156934,156936,156938],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,156929,142],{"class":141},[36,156931,145],{"class":50},[36,156933,438],{"class":141},[36,156935,145],{"class":50},[36,156937,147855],{"class":148},[36,156939,445],{"class":50},[36,156941,156942,156944,156946,156948],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,156943,32186],{"class":141},[36,156945,145],{"class":50},[36,156947,438],{"class":141},[36,156949,152],{"class":50},[14,156951,155064],{},[246,156953,156954,156957,156960,156964],{},[249,156955,156956],{},"what value you are using",[249,156958,156959],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[249,156961,26053,156962,11736],{},[33,156963,42398],{},[249,156965,123228,156966,156968],{},[33,156967,42398],{}," is documented in Python",[21,156970,1872],{"id":1871},[376,156972,156974],{"id":156973},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[14,156976,495,156977,156980],{},[33,156978,156979],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[376,156982,12735,156984,149014],{"id":156983},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[33,156985,42398],{},[14,156987,46403,156988,156990],{},[33,156989,42398],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[376,156992,156994],{"id":156993},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[14,156996,156997,156998,303],{},"The length is ",[33,156999,2166],{},[376,157001,157003],{"id":157002},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[14,157005,150700,157006,157008],{},[33,157007,150703],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[376,157010,12735,157012,157014],{"id":157011},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[33,157013,42398],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[14,157016,157017],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[21,157019,1923],{"id":1922},[246,157021,157022,157028,157032,157036,157040],{},[249,157023,157024],{},[294,157025,1935,157026,3554],{"href":42395},[33,157027,42398],{},[249,157029,157030],{},[294,157031,155929],{"href":147840},[249,157033,157034],{},[294,157035,149510],{"href":149509},[249,157037,157038],{},[294,157039,150754],{"href":150753},[249,157041,157042],{},[294,157043,157044],{"href":149140},"What is a tuple in Python",[1962,157046,157047],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":157049},[157050,157051,157052,157059,157065,157074,157080,157081,157090],{"id":243,"depth":72,"text":244},{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":155417,"depth":72,"text":157053,"children":157054},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157055,157056,157057,157058],{"id":155429,"depth":118,"text":155430},{"id":155496,"depth":118,"text":155497},{"id":155541,"depth":118,"text":155542},{"id":155590,"depth":118,"text":155591},{"id":155679,"depth":72,"text":155680,"children":157060},[157061,157062,157063,157064],{"id":155683,"depth":118,"text":155684},{"id":155758,"depth":118,"text":155497},{"id":155800,"depth":118,"text":155801},{"id":155934,"depth":118,"text":155935},{"id":156018,"depth":72,"text":156019,"children":157066},[157067,157069,157071,157072],{"id":156022,"depth":118,"text":157068},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156160,"depth":118,"text":157070},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156236,"depth":118,"text":156237},{"id":156371,"depth":118,"text":157073},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156499,"depth":72,"text":156500,"children":157075},[157076,157077,157078,157079],{"id":156508,"depth":118,"text":156509},{"id":156581,"depth":118,"text":156582},{"id":156662,"depth":118,"text":156663},{"id":156750,"depth":118,"text":156751},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":157082},[157083,157084,157086,157087,157088],{"id":156973,"depth":118,"text":156974},{"id":156983,"depth":118,"text":157085},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156993,"depth":118,"text":156994},{"id":157002,"depth":118,"text":157003},{"id":157011,"depth":118,"text":157089},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155201,"description":157091},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157098,"title":157099,"body":157100,"description":159485,"extension":2009,"meta":159486,"navigation":134,"path":159487,"seo":159488,"stem":159489,"__hash__":159490},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157101,"toc":159446},[157102,157105,157108,157111,157134,157140,157142,157253,157257,157260,157270,157272,157371,157373,157450,157456,157460,157463,157486,157489,157506,157509,157511,157574,157576,157593,157604,157609,157611,157614,157620,157671,157673,157693,157697,157748,157750,157771,157775,157830,157832,157853,157857,157912,157914,157935,157939,157992,157994,158023,158025,158027,158030,158034,158091,158093,158114,158118,158171,158173,158198,158203,158207,158212,158230,158233,158296,158298,158319,158322,158383,158385,158406,158409,158452,158455,158459,158464,158468,158547,158549,158580,158584,158659,158661,158688,158692,158739,158741,158749,158754,158758,158761,158776,158778,158866,158868,158893,158896,158939,158948,158950,158953,158968,158971,158975,159029,159031,159051,159056,159060,159062,159100,159103,159153,159157,159230,159232,159269,159272,159274,159277,159297,159300,159369,159371,159384,159386,159390,159393,159397,159400,159405,159408,159414,159419,159421,159443],[10,157103,157099],{"id":157104},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[14,157106,157107],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[14,157109,157110],{},"Use this format:",[26,157112,157114],{"className":28,"code":157113,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[33,157115,157116],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,157117,157118,157120,157122,157124,157126,157128,157130,157132],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,157119,48991],{"class":42},[36,157121,3941],{"class":50},[36,157123,36109],{"class":42},[36,157125,1213],{"class":50},[36,157127,75460],{"class":42},[36,157129,1213],{"class":50},[36,157131,75463],{"class":42},[36,157133,1355],{"class":50},[14,157135,2026,157136,75496,157138,303],{},[33,157137,75460],{},[180,157139,65105],{},[21,157141,2051],{"id":2050},[26,157143,157145],{"className":28,"code":157144,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[33,157146,157147,157175,157179,157200,157217,157234],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,157148,157149,157151,157153,157155,157157,157159,157161,157163,157165,157167,157169,157171,157173],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,157150,43],{"class":42},[36,157152,47],{"class":46},[36,157154,1131],{"class":50},[36,157156,631],{"class":54},[36,157158,58],{"class":50},[36,157160,636],{"class":54},[36,157162,58],{"class":50},[36,157164,645],{"class":54},[36,157166,58],{"class":50},[36,157168,50882],{"class":54},[36,157170,58],{"class":50},[36,157172,5120],{"class":54},[36,157174,152],{"class":50},[36,157176,157177],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,157178,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,157180,157181,157183,157185,157187,157189,157191,157193,157195,157197],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,157182,142],{"class":141},[36,157184,145],{"class":50},[36,157186,149],{"class":148},[36,157188,3941],{"class":50},[36,157190,55],{"class":54},[36,157192,1213],{"class":50},[36,157194,2554],{"class":54},[36,157196,20478],{"class":50},[36,157198,157199],{"class":1617},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[36,157201,157202,157204,157206,157208,157210,157212,157214],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,157203,142],{"class":141},[36,157205,145],{"class":50},[36,157207,149],{"class":148},[36,157209,75569],{"class":50},[36,157211,485],{"class":54},[36,157213,20478],{"class":50},[36,157215,157216],{"class":1617},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[36,157218,157219,157221,157223,157225,157227,157229,157231],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,157220,142],{"class":141},[36,157222,145],{"class":50},[36,157224,149],{"class":148},[36,157226,74156],{"class":50},[36,157228,481],{"class":54},[36,157230,20478],{"class":50},[36,157232,157233],{"class":1617},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[36,157235,157236,157238,157240,157242,157244,157246,157248,157250],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,157237,142],{"class":141},[36,157239,145],{"class":50},[36,157241,149],{"class":148},[36,157243,74156],{"class":50},[36,157245,2070],{"class":46},[36,157247,55],{"class":54},[36,157249,20478],{"class":50},[36,157251,157252],{"class":1617},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[21,157254,157256],{"id":157255},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[14,157258,157259],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[246,157261,157262,157264,157267],{},[249,157263,75763],{},[249,157265,157266],{},"The result is a new tuple",[249,157268,157269],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[14,157271,2257],{},[26,157273,157275],{"className":28,"code":157274,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[33,157276,157277,157325,157329,157347,157351,157361],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,157278,157279,157281,157283,157285,157287,157289,157291,157293,157295,157297,157299,157301,157303,157305,157307,157309,157311,157313,157315,157317,157319,157321,157323],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,157280,697],{"class":42},[36,157282,47],{"class":46},[36,157284,1131],{"class":50},[36,157286,88],{"class":87},[36,157288,294],{"class":91},[36,157290,88],{"class":87},[36,157292,58],{"class":50},[36,157294,99],{"class":87},[36,157296,1707],{"class":91},[36,157298,88],{"class":87},[36,157300,58],{"class":50},[36,157302,99],{"class":87},[36,157304,9770],{"class":91},[36,157306,88],{"class":87},[36,157308,58],{"class":50},[36,157310,99],{"class":87},[36,157312,18799],{"class":91},[36,157314,88],{"class":87},[36,157316,58],{"class":50},[36,157318,99],{"class":87},[36,157320,750],{"class":91},[36,157322,88],{"class":87},[36,157324,152],{"class":50},[36,157326,157327],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,157328,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,157330,157331,157333,157335,157337,157339,157341,157343,157345],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,157332,75693],{"class":42},[36,157334,47],{"class":46},[36,157336,70132],{"class":42},[36,157338,3941],{"class":50},[36,157340,55],{"class":54},[36,157342,1213],{"class":50},[36,157344,2554],{"class":54},[36,157346,1355],{"class":50},[36,157348,157349],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,157350,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,157352,157353,157355,157357,157359],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,157354,142],{"class":141},[36,157356,145],{"class":50},[36,157358,75716],{"class":148},[36,157360,152],{"class":50},[36,157362,157363,157365,157367,157369],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,157364,142],{"class":141},[36,157366,145],{"class":50},[36,157368,721],{"class":148},[36,157370,152],{"class":50},[14,157372,182],{},[26,157374,157376],{"className":28,"code":157375,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[33,157377,157378,157406],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,157379,157380,157382,157384,157386,157388,157390,157392,157394,157396,157398,157400,157402,157404],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,157381,145],{"class":50},[36,157383,211],{"class":87},[36,157385,1707],{"class":91},[36,157387,211],{"class":87},[36,157389,58],{"class":50},[36,157391,220],{"class":87},[36,157393,9770],{"class":91},[36,157395,211],{"class":87},[36,157397,58],{"class":50},[36,157399,220],{"class":87},[36,157401,18799],{"class":91},[36,157403,211],{"class":87},[36,157405,152],{"class":50},[36,157407,157408,157410,157412,157414,157416,157418,157420,157422,157424,157426,157428,157430,157432,157434,157436,157438,157440,157442,157444,157446,157448],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,157409,145],{"class":50},[36,157411,211],{"class":87},[36,157413,294],{"class":91},[36,157415,211],{"class":87},[36,157417,58],{"class":50},[36,157419,220],{"class":87},[36,157421,1707],{"class":91},[36,157423,211],{"class":87},[36,157425,58],{"class":50},[36,157427,220],{"class":87},[36,157429,9770],{"class":91},[36,157431,211],{"class":87},[36,157433,58],{"class":50},[36,157435,220],{"class":87},[36,157437,18799],{"class":91},[36,157439,211],{"class":87},[36,157441,58],{"class":50},[36,157443,220],{"class":87},[36,157445,750],{"class":91},[36,157447,211],{"class":87},[36,157449,152],{"class":50},[14,157451,157452,157453,303],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[294,157454,147837],{"href":157455},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[21,157457,157459],{"id":157458},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[14,157461,157462],{},"The full syntax is:",[26,157464,157466],{"className":28,"code":157465,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[33,157467,157468],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,157469,157470,157472,157474,157476,157478,157480,157482,157484],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,157471,147855],{"class":42},[36,157473,3941],{"class":50},[36,157475,36109],{"class":42},[36,157477,1213],{"class":50},[36,157479,75460],{"class":42},[36,157481,1213],{"class":50},[36,157483,75463],{"class":42},[36,157485,1355],{"class":50},[14,157487,157488],{},"Each part has a job:",[246,157490,157491,157496,157501],{},[249,157492,157493,157495],{},[33,157494,36109],{},": where slicing begins",[249,157497,157498,157500],{},[33,157499,75460],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[249,157502,157503,157505],{},[33,157504,75463],{},": how many positions to move each time",[14,157507,157508],{},"All three parts are optional.",[14,157510,2257],{},[26,157512,157514],{"className":28,"code":157513,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[33,157515,157516,157548,157552],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,157517,157518,157520,157522,157524,157526,157528,157530,157532,157534,157536,157538,157540,157542,157544,157546],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,157519,43],{"class":42},[36,157521,47],{"class":46},[36,157523,1131],{"class":50},[36,157525,631],{"class":54},[36,157527,58],{"class":50},[36,157529,636],{"class":54},[36,157531,58],{"class":50},[36,157533,645],{"class":54},[36,157535,58],{"class":50},[36,157537,50882],{"class":54},[36,157539,58],{"class":50},[36,157541,5120],{"class":54},[36,157543,58],{"class":50},[36,157545,76134],{"class":54},[36,157547,152],{"class":50},[36,157549,157550],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,157551,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,157553,157554,157556,157558,157560,157562,157564,157566,157568,157570,157572],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,157555,142],{"class":141},[36,157557,145],{"class":50},[36,157559,149],{"class":148},[36,157561,3941],{"class":50},[36,157563,55],{"class":54},[36,157565,1213],{"class":50},[36,157567,2183],{"class":54},[36,157569,1213],{"class":50},[36,157571,481],{"class":54},[36,157573,115],{"class":50},[14,157575,182],{},[26,157577,157579],{"className":28,"code":157578,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"(20, 40)\n",[33,157580,157581],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,157582,157583,157585,157587,157589,157591],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,157584,145],{"class":50},[36,157586,15783],{"class":54},[36,157588,58],{"class":50},[36,157590,50882],{"class":54},[36,157592,152],{"class":50},[14,157594,157595,157596,157598,157599,157601,157602,303],{},"This starts at index ",[33,157597,55],{},", stops before index ",[33,157600,2183],{},", and moves by ",[33,157603,481],{},[14,157605,157606,157607,303],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[294,157608,149510],{"href":152936},[21,157610,76050],{"id":76049},[14,157612,157613],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[376,157615,157617,157618,6005],{"id":157616},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[33,157619,76064],{},[26,157621,157623],{"className":28,"code":157622,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[33,157624,157625,157653,157657],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,157626,157627,157629,157631,157633,157635,157637,157639,157641,157643,157645,157647,157649,157651],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,157628,43],{"class":42},[36,157630,47],{"class":46},[36,157632,1131],{"class":50},[36,157634,631],{"class":54},[36,157636,58],{"class":50},[36,157638,636],{"class":54},[36,157640,58],{"class":50},[36,157642,645],{"class":54},[36,157644,58],{"class":50},[36,157646,50882],{"class":54},[36,157648,58],{"class":50},[36,157650,5120],{"class":54},[36,157652,152],{"class":50},[36,157654,157655],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,157656,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,157658,157659,157661,157663,157665,157667,157669],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,157660,142],{"class":141},[36,157662,145],{"class":50},[36,157664,149],{"class":148},[36,157666,75569],{"class":50},[36,157668,485],{"class":54},[36,157670,115],{"class":50},[14,157672,182],{},[26,157674,157675],{"className":28,"code":151202,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,157676,157677],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,157678,157679,157681,157683,157685,157687,157689,157691],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,157680,145],{"class":50},[36,157682,631],{"class":54},[36,157684,58],{"class":50},[36,157686,636],{"class":54},[36,157688,58],{"class":50},[36,157690,645],{"class":54},[36,157692,152],{"class":50},[376,157694,157696],{"id":157695},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[26,157698,157700],{"className":28,"code":157699,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[33,157701,157702,157730,157734],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,157703,157704,157706,157708,157710,157712,157714,157716,157718,157720,157722,157724,157726,157728],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,157705,43],{"class":42},[36,157707,47],{"class":46},[36,157709,1131],{"class":50},[36,157711,631],{"class":54},[36,157713,58],{"class":50},[36,157715,636],{"class":54},[36,157717,58],{"class":50},[36,157719,645],{"class":54},[36,157721,58],{"class":50},[36,157723,50882],{"class":54},[36,157725,58],{"class":50},[36,157727,5120],{"class":54},[36,157729,152],{"class":50},[36,157731,157732],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,157733,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,157735,157736,157738,157740,157742,157744,157746],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,157737,142],{"class":141},[36,157739,145],{"class":50},[36,157741,149],{"class":148},[36,157743,3941],{"class":50},[36,157745,481],{"class":54},[36,157747,77750],{"class":50},[14,157749,182],{},[26,157751,157753],{"className":28,"code":157752,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[33,157754,157755],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,157756,157757,157759,157761,157763,157765,157767,157769],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,157758,145],{"class":50},[36,157760,36876],{"class":54},[36,157762,58],{"class":50},[36,157764,50882],{"class":54},[36,157766,58],{"class":50},[36,157768,5120],{"class":54},[36,157770,152],{"class":50},[376,157772,157774],{"id":157773},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[26,157776,157778],{"className":28,"code":157777,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[33,157779,157780,157808,157812],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,157781,157782,157784,157786,157788,157790,157792,157794,157796,157798,157800,157802,157804,157806],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,157783,43],{"class":42},[36,157785,47],{"class":46},[36,157787,1131],{"class":50},[36,157789,631],{"class":54},[36,157791,58],{"class":50},[36,157793,636],{"class":54},[36,157795,58],{"class":50},[36,157797,645],{"class":54},[36,157799,58],{"class":50},[36,157801,50882],{"class":54},[36,157803,58],{"class":50},[36,157805,5120],{"class":54},[36,157807,152],{"class":50},[36,157809,157810],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,157811,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,157813,157814,157816,157818,157820,157822,157824,157826,157828],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,157815,142],{"class":141},[36,157817,145],{"class":50},[36,157819,149],{"class":148},[36,157821,3941],{"class":50},[36,157823,55],{"class":54},[36,157825,1213],{"class":50},[36,157827,2554],{"class":54},[36,157829,115],{"class":50},[14,157831,182],{},[26,157833,157835],{"className":28,"code":157834,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[33,157836,157837],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,157838,157839,157841,157843,157845,157847,157849,157851],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,157840,145],{"class":50},[36,157842,15783],{"class":54},[36,157844,58],{"class":50},[36,157846,645],{"class":54},[36,157848,58],{"class":50},[36,157850,50882],{"class":54},[36,157852,152],{"class":50},[376,157854,157856],{"id":157855},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[26,157858,157860],{"className":28,"code":157859,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[33,157861,157862,157894,157898],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,157863,157864,157866,157868,157870,157872,157874,157876,157878,157880,157882,157884,157886,157888,157890,157892],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,157865,43],{"class":42},[36,157867,47],{"class":46},[36,157869,1131],{"class":50},[36,157871,631],{"class":54},[36,157873,58],{"class":50},[36,157875,636],{"class":54},[36,157877,58],{"class":50},[36,157879,645],{"class":54},[36,157881,58],{"class":50},[36,157883,50882],{"class":54},[36,157885,58],{"class":50},[36,157887,5120],{"class":54},[36,157889,58],{"class":50},[36,157891,76134],{"class":54},[36,157893,152],{"class":50},[36,157895,157896],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,157897,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,157899,157900,157902,157904,157906,157908,157910],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,157901,142],{"class":141},[36,157903,145],{"class":50},[36,157905,149],{"class":148},[36,157907,74156],{"class":50},[36,157909,481],{"class":54},[36,157911,115],{"class":50},[14,157913,182],{},[26,157915,157917],{"className":28,"code":157916,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[33,157918,157919],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,157920,157921,157923,157925,157927,157929,157931,157933],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,157922,145],{"class":50},[36,157924,631],{"class":54},[36,157926,58],{"class":50},[36,157928,645],{"class":54},[36,157930,58],{"class":50},[36,157932,5120],{"class":54},[36,157934,152],{"class":50},[376,157936,157938],{"id":157937},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[26,157940,157942],{"className":28,"code":157941,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[33,157943,157944,157972,157976],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,157945,157946,157948,157950,157952,157954,157956,157958,157960,157962,157964,157966,157968,157970],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,157947,43],{"class":42},[36,157949,47],{"class":46},[36,157951,1131],{"class":50},[36,157953,631],{"class":54},[36,157955,58],{"class":50},[36,157957,636],{"class":54},[36,157959,58],{"class":50},[36,157961,645],{"class":54},[36,157963,58],{"class":50},[36,157965,50882],{"class":54},[36,157967,58],{"class":50},[36,157969,5120],{"class":54},[36,157971,152],{"class":50},[36,157973,157974],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,157975,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,157977,157978,157980,157982,157984,157986,157988,157990],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,157979,142],{"class":141},[36,157981,145],{"class":50},[36,157983,149],{"class":148},[36,157985,74156],{"class":50},[36,157987,2070],{"class":46},[36,157989,55],{"class":54},[36,157991,115],{"class":50},[14,157993,182],{},[26,157995,157997],{"className":28,"code":157996,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[33,157998,157999],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,158000,158001,158003,158005,158007,158009,158011,158013,158015,158017,158019,158021],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,158002,145],{"class":50},[36,158004,76828],{"class":54},[36,158006,58],{"class":50},[36,158008,50882],{"class":54},[36,158010,58],{"class":50},[36,158012,645],{"class":54},[36,158014,58],{"class":50},[36,158016,636],{"class":54},[36,158018,58],{"class":50},[36,158020,6044],{"class":54},[36,158022,152],{"class":50},[21,158024,76344],{"id":76343},[14,158026,154209],{},[14,158028,158029],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[376,158031,158033],{"id":158032},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[26,158035,158037],{"className":28,"code":158036,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[33,158038,158039,158071,158075],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,158040,158041,158043,158045,158047,158049,158051,158053,158055,158057,158059,158061,158063,158065,158067,158069],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,158042,43],{"class":42},[36,158044,47],{"class":46},[36,158046,1131],{"class":50},[36,158048,631],{"class":54},[36,158050,58],{"class":50},[36,158052,636],{"class":54},[36,158054,58],{"class":50},[36,158056,645],{"class":54},[36,158058,58],{"class":50},[36,158060,50882],{"class":54},[36,158062,58],{"class":50},[36,158064,5120],{"class":54},[36,158066,58],{"class":50},[36,158068,76134],{"class":54},[36,158070,152],{"class":50},[36,158072,158073],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,158074,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,158076,158077,158079,158081,158083,158085,158087,158089],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,158078,142],{"class":141},[36,158080,145],{"class":50},[36,158082,149],{"class":148},[36,158084,3941],{"class":50},[36,158086,2070],{"class":46},[36,158088,485],{"class":54},[36,158090,77750],{"class":50},[14,158092,182],{},[26,158094,158096],{"className":28,"code":158095,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[33,158097,158098],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,158099,158100,158102,158104,158106,158108,158110,158112],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,158101,145],{"class":50},[36,158103,56730],{"class":54},[36,158105,58],{"class":50},[36,158107,5120],{"class":54},[36,158109,58],{"class":50},[36,158111,76134],{"class":54},[36,158113,152],{"class":50},[376,158115,158117],{"id":158116},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[26,158119,158121],{"className":28,"code":158120,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[33,158122,158123,158151,158155],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,158124,158125,158127,158129,158131,158133,158135,158137,158139,158141,158143,158145,158147,158149],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,158126,43],{"class":42},[36,158128,47],{"class":46},[36,158130,1131],{"class":50},[36,158132,631],{"class":54},[36,158134,58],{"class":50},[36,158136,636],{"class":54},[36,158138,58],{"class":50},[36,158140,645],{"class":54},[36,158142,58],{"class":50},[36,158144,50882],{"class":54},[36,158146,58],{"class":50},[36,158148,5120],{"class":54},[36,158150,152],{"class":50},[36,158152,158153],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,158154,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,158156,158157,158159,158161,158163,158165,158167,158169],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,158158,142],{"class":141},[36,158160,145],{"class":50},[36,158162,149],{"class":148},[36,158164,75569],{"class":50},[36,158166,2070],{"class":46},[36,158168,55],{"class":54},[36,158170,115],{"class":50},[14,158172,182],{},[26,158174,158176],{"className":28,"code":158175,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[33,158177,158178],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,158179,158180,158182,158184,158186,158188,158190,158192,158194,158196],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,158181,145],{"class":50},[36,158183,631],{"class":54},[36,158185,58],{"class":50},[36,158187,636],{"class":54},[36,158189,58],{"class":50},[36,158191,645],{"class":54},[36,158193,58],{"class":50},[36,158195,50882],{"class":54},[36,158197,152],{"class":50},[14,158199,158200,158201,303],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[294,158202,150759],{"href":157093},[21,158204,158206],{"id":158205},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[14,158208,2026,158209,158211],{},[33,158210,75463],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[246,158213,158214,158216,158218,158224],{},[249,158215,76600],{},[249,158217,76603],{},[249,158219,158220,158223],{},[33,158221,158222],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[249,158225,158226,158227,158229],{},"A step of ",[33,158228,2166],{}," is not allowed",[14,158231,158232],{},"Example with a positive step:",[26,158234,158236],{"className":28,"code":158235,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[33,158237,158238,158270,158274],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,158239,158240,158242,158244,158246,158248,158250,158252,158254,158256,158258,158260,158262,158264,158266,158268],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,158241,43],{"class":42},[36,158243,47],{"class":46},[36,158245,1131],{"class":50},[36,158247,631],{"class":54},[36,158249,58],{"class":50},[36,158251,636],{"class":54},[36,158253,58],{"class":50},[36,158255,645],{"class":54},[36,158257,58],{"class":50},[36,158259,50882],{"class":54},[36,158261,58],{"class":50},[36,158263,5120],{"class":54},[36,158265,58],{"class":50},[36,158267,76134],{"class":54},[36,158269,152],{"class":50},[36,158271,158272],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,158273,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,158275,158276,158278,158280,158282,158284,158286,158288,158290,158292,158294],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,158277,142],{"class":141},[36,158279,145],{"class":50},[36,158281,149],{"class":148},[36,158283,3941],{"class":50},[36,158285,55],{"class":54},[36,158287,1213],{"class":50},[36,158289,80628],{"class":54},[36,158291,1213],{"class":50},[36,158293,481],{"class":54},[36,158295,115],{"class":50},[14,158297,182],{},[26,158299,158301],{"className":28,"code":158300,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[33,158302,158303],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,158304,158305,158307,158309,158311,158313,158315,158317],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,158306,145],{"class":50},[36,158308,15783],{"class":54},[36,158310,58],{"class":50},[36,158312,50882],{"class":54},[36,158314,58],{"class":50},[36,158316,76134],{"class":54},[36,158318,152],{"class":50},[14,158320,158321],{},"Example with a negative step:",[26,158323,158325],{"className":28,"code":158324,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[33,158326,158327,158355,158359],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,158328,158329,158331,158333,158335,158337,158339,158341,158343,158345,158347,158349,158351,158353],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,158330,43],{"class":42},[36,158332,47],{"class":46},[36,158334,1131],{"class":50},[36,158336,631],{"class":54},[36,158338,58],{"class":50},[36,158340,636],{"class":54},[36,158342,58],{"class":50},[36,158344,645],{"class":54},[36,158346,58],{"class":50},[36,158348,50882],{"class":54},[36,158350,58],{"class":50},[36,158352,5120],{"class":54},[36,158354,152],{"class":50},[36,158356,158357],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,158358,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,158360,158361,158363,158365,158367,158369,158371,158373,158375,158377,158379,158381],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,158362,142],{"class":141},[36,158364,145],{"class":50},[36,158366,149],{"class":148},[36,158368,3941],{"class":50},[36,158370,2554],{"class":54},[36,158372,1213],{"class":50},[36,158374,55],{"class":54},[36,158376,1213],{"class":50},[36,158378,2070],{"class":46},[36,158380,55],{"class":54},[36,158382,115],{"class":50},[14,158384,182],{},[26,158386,158388],{"className":28,"code":158387,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[33,158389,158390],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,158391,158392,158394,158396,158398,158400,158402,158404],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,158393,145],{"class":50},[36,158395,76828],{"class":54},[36,158397,58],{"class":50},[36,158399,50882],{"class":54},[36,158401,58],{"class":50},[36,158403,645],{"class":54},[36,158405,152],{"class":50},[14,158407,158408],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[26,158410,158412],{"className":28,"code":158411,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[33,158413,158414,158434,158438],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,158415,158416,158418,158420,158422,158424,158426,158428,158430,158432],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,158417,43],{"class":42},[36,158419,47],{"class":46},[36,158421,1131],{"class":50},[36,158423,631],{"class":54},[36,158425,58],{"class":50},[36,158427,636],{"class":54},[36,158429,58],{"class":50},[36,158431,645],{"class":54},[36,158433,152],{"class":50},[36,158435,158436],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,158437,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,158439,158440,158442,158444,158446,158448,158450],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,158441,142],{"class":141},[36,158443,145],{"class":50},[36,158445,149],{"class":148},[36,158447,74156],{"class":50},[36,158449,2166],{"class":54},[36,158451,115],{"class":50},[14,158453,158454],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[21,158456,158458],{"id":158457},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[14,158460,158461,158462,33775],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[180,158463,48991],{},[376,158465,158467],{"id":158466},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[26,158469,158471],{"className":28,"code":158470,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[33,158472,158473,158497,158501,158519,158523,158533],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,158474,158475,158477,158479,158481,158483,158485,158487,158489,158491,158493,158495],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,158476,43],{"class":42},[36,158478,47],{"class":46},[36,158480,1131],{"class":50},[36,158482,631],{"class":54},[36,158484,58],{"class":50},[36,158486,636],{"class":54},[36,158488,58],{"class":50},[36,158490,645],{"class":54},[36,158492,58],{"class":50},[36,158494,50882],{"class":54},[36,158496,152],{"class":50},[36,158498,158499],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,158500,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,158502,158503,158505,158507,158509,158511,158513,158515,158517],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,158504,2280],{"class":42},[36,158506,47],{"class":46},[36,158508,4301],{"class":42},[36,158510,3941],{"class":50},[36,158512,55],{"class":54},[36,158514,1213],{"class":50},[36,158516,485],{"class":54},[36,158518,1355],{"class":50},[36,158520,158521],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,158522,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,158524,158525,158527,158529,158531],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,158526,142],{"class":141},[36,158528,145],{"class":50},[36,158530,2315],{"class":148},[36,158532,152],{"class":50},[36,158534,158535,158537,158539,158541,158543,158545],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,158536,142],{"class":141},[36,158538,145],{"class":50},[36,158540,818],{"class":80},[36,158542,145],{"class":50},[36,158544,2315],{"class":148},[36,158546,445],{"class":50},[14,158548,182],{},[26,158550,158552],{"className":28,"code":158551,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[33,158553,158554,158566],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,158555,158556,158558,158560,158562,158564],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,158557,145],{"class":50},[36,158559,15783],{"class":54},[36,158561,58],{"class":50},[36,158563,645],{"class":54},[36,158565,152],{"class":50},[36,158567,158568,158570,158572,158574,158576,158578],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,158569,844],{"class":46},[36,158571,848],{"class":847},[36,158573,220],{"class":87},[36,158575,48991],{"class":91},[36,158577,211],{"class":87},[36,158579,857],{"class":46},[376,158581,158583],{"id":158582},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[26,158585,158587],{"className":28,"code":158586,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[33,158588,158589,158609,158613,158631,158635,158645],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,158590,158591,158593,158595,158597,158599,158601,158603,158605,158607],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,158592,43],{"class":42},[36,158594,47],{"class":46},[36,158596,1131],{"class":50},[36,158598,631],{"class":54},[36,158600,58],{"class":50},[36,158602,636],{"class":54},[36,158604,58],{"class":50},[36,158606,645],{"class":54},[36,158608,152],{"class":50},[36,158610,158611],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,158612,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,158614,158615,158617,158619,158621,158623,158625,158627,158629],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,158616,2280],{"class":42},[36,158618,47],{"class":46},[36,158620,4301],{"class":42},[36,158622,3941],{"class":50},[36,158624,55],{"class":54},[36,158626,1213],{"class":50},[36,158628,481],{"class":54},[36,158630,1355],{"class":50},[36,158632,158633],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,158634,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,158636,158637,158639,158641,158643],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,158638,142],{"class":141},[36,158640,145],{"class":50},[36,158642,2315],{"class":148},[36,158644,152],{"class":50},[36,158646,158647,158649,158651,158653,158655,158657],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,158648,142],{"class":141},[36,158650,145],{"class":50},[36,158652,818],{"class":80},[36,158654,145],{"class":50},[36,158656,2315],{"class":148},[36,158658,445],{"class":50},[14,158660,182],{},[26,158662,158664],{"className":28,"code":158663,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[33,158665,158666,158674],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,158667,158668,158670,158672],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,158669,145],{"class":50},[36,158671,15783],{"class":54},[36,158673,149193],{"class":50},[36,158675,158676,158678,158680,158682,158684,158686],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,158677,844],{"class":46},[36,158679,848],{"class":847},[36,158681,220],{"class":87},[36,158683,48991],{"class":91},[36,158685,211],{"class":87},[36,158687,857],{"class":46},[376,158689,158691],{"id":158690},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[26,158693,158695],{"className":28,"code":158694,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[33,158696,158697,158717,158721],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,158698,158699,158701,158703,158705,158707,158709,158711,158713,158715],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,158700,43],{"class":42},[36,158702,47],{"class":46},[36,158704,1131],{"class":50},[36,158706,631],{"class":54},[36,158708,58],{"class":50},[36,158710,636],{"class":54},[36,158712,58],{"class":50},[36,158714,645],{"class":54},[36,158716,152],{"class":50},[36,158718,158719],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,158720,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,158722,158723,158725,158727,158729,158731,158733,158735,158737],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,158724,142],{"class":141},[36,158726,145],{"class":50},[36,158728,149],{"class":148},[36,158730,3941],{"class":50},[36,158732,2183],{"class":54},[36,158734,1213],{"class":50},[36,158736,2396],{"class":54},[36,158738,115],{"class":50},[14,158740,182],{},[26,158742,158743],{"className":28,"code":128,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,158744,158745],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,158746,158747],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,158748,128],{"class":50},[14,158750,158751,158752,303],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[294,158753,155929],{"href":150816},[21,158755,158757],{"id":158756},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[14,158759,158760],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[246,158762,158763,158765,158768,158773],{},[249,158764,76909],{},[249,158766,158767],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[249,158769,158770,158771],{},"Indexing can raise ",[33,158772,70767],{},[249,158774,158775],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[14,158777,2257],{},[26,158779,158781],{"className":28,"code":158780,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[33,158782,158783,158803,158807,158824,158845],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,158784,158785,158787,158789,158791,158793,158795,158797,158799,158801],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,158786,43],{"class":42},[36,158788,47],{"class":46},[36,158790,1131],{"class":50},[36,158792,631],{"class":54},[36,158794,58],{"class":50},[36,158796,636],{"class":54},[36,158798,58],{"class":50},[36,158800,645],{"class":54},[36,158802,152],{"class":50},[36,158804,158805],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,158806,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,158808,158809,158811,158813,158815,158817,158819,158821],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,158810,142],{"class":141},[36,158812,145],{"class":50},[36,158814,149],{"class":148},[36,158816,3941],{"class":50},[36,158818,55],{"class":54},[36,158820,20478],{"class":50},[36,158822,158823],{"class":1617},"    # one item\n",[36,158825,158826,158828,158830,158832,158834,158836,158838,158840,158842],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,158827,142],{"class":141},[36,158829,145],{"class":50},[36,158831,149],{"class":148},[36,158833,3941],{"class":50},[36,158835,55],{"class":54},[36,158837,1213],{"class":50},[36,158839,2183],{"class":54},[36,158841,20478],{"class":50},[36,158843,158844],{"class":1617},"  # slice\n",[36,158846,158847,158849,158851,158853,158855,158857,158859,158861,158863],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,158848,142],{"class":141},[36,158850,145],{"class":50},[36,158852,149],{"class":148},[36,158854,3941],{"class":50},[36,158856,2183],{"class":54},[36,158858,1213],{"class":50},[36,158860,2396],{"class":54},[36,158862,20478],{"class":50},[36,158864,158865],{"class":1617},"  # empty slice\n",[14,158867,182],{},[26,158869,158871],{"className":28,"code":158870,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[33,158872,158873,158877,158889],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,158874,158875],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,158876,71260],{"class":54},[36,158878,158879,158881,158883,158885,158887],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,158880,145],{"class":50},[36,158882,15783],{"class":54},[36,158884,58],{"class":50},[36,158886,645],{"class":54},[36,158888,152],{"class":50},[36,158890,158891],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,158892,128],{"class":50},[14,158894,158895],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[26,158897,158899],{"className":28,"code":158898,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[33,158900,158901,158921,158925],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,158902,158903,158905,158907,158909,158911,158913,158915,158917,158919],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,158904,43],{"class":42},[36,158906,47],{"class":46},[36,158908,1131],{"class":50},[36,158910,631],{"class":54},[36,158912,58],{"class":50},[36,158914,636],{"class":54},[36,158916,58],{"class":50},[36,158918,645],{"class":54},[36,158920,152],{"class":50},[36,158922,158923],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,158924,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,158926,158927,158929,158931,158933,158935,158937],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,158928,142],{"class":141},[36,158930,145],{"class":50},[36,158932,149],{"class":148},[36,158934,3941],{"class":50},[36,158936,2183],{"class":54},[36,158938,115],{"class":50},[14,158940,158941,158942,158944,158945,303],{},"This raises an ",[33,158943,70767],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[294,158946,154682],{"href":158947},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[21,158949,15208],{"id":77176},[14,158951,158952],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[246,158954,158955,158958,158960,158963],{},[249,158956,158957],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[249,158959,60727],{},[249,158961,158962],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[249,158964,158965,158966],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[33,158967,2166],{},[14,158969,158970],{},"Here are a few examples.",[376,158972,158974],{"id":158973},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[26,158976,158977],{"className":28,"code":157777,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,158978,158979,159007,159011],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,158980,158981,158983,158985,158987,158989,158991,158993,158995,158997,158999,159001,159003,159005],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,158982,43],{"class":42},[36,158984,47],{"class":46},[36,158986,1131],{"class":50},[36,158988,631],{"class":54},[36,158990,58],{"class":50},[36,158992,636],{"class":54},[36,158994,58],{"class":50},[36,158996,645],{"class":54},[36,158998,58],{"class":50},[36,159000,50882],{"class":54},[36,159002,58],{"class":50},[36,159004,5120],{"class":54},[36,159006,152],{"class":50},[36,159008,159009],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,159010,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,159012,159013,159015,159017,159019,159021,159023,159025,159027],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,159014,142],{"class":141},[36,159016,145],{"class":50},[36,159018,149],{"class":148},[36,159020,3941],{"class":50},[36,159022,55],{"class":54},[36,159024,1213],{"class":50},[36,159026,2554],{"class":54},[36,159028,115],{"class":50},[14,159030,182],{},[26,159032,159033],{"className":28,"code":157834,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,159034,159035],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,159036,159037,159039,159041,159043,159045,159047,159049],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,159038,145],{"class":50},[36,159040,15783],{"class":54},[36,159042,58],{"class":50},[36,159044,645],{"class":54},[36,159046,58],{"class":50},[36,159048,50882],{"class":54},[36,159050,152],{"class":50},[14,159052,132261,159053,159055],{},[33,159054,2554],{}," is not included.",[376,159057,159059],{"id":159058},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[14,159061,4564],{},[26,159063,159065],{"className":28,"code":159064,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[33,159066,159067,159091,159095],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,159068,159069,159071,159073,159075,159077,159079,159081,159083,159085,159087,159089],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,159070,43],{"class":42},[36,159072,47],{"class":46},[36,159074,1131],{"class":50},[36,159076,631],{"class":54},[36,159078,58],{"class":50},[36,159080,636],{"class":54},[36,159082,58],{"class":50},[36,159084,645],{"class":54},[36,159086,58],{"class":50},[36,159088,50882],{"class":54},[36,159090,152],{"class":50},[36,159092,159093],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,159094,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,159096,159097],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,159098,159099],{"class":1617},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[14,159101,159102],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[26,159104,159105],{"className":28,"code":154762,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,159106,159107,159131,159135],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,159108,159109,159111,159113,159115,159117,159119,159121,159123,159125,159127,159129],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,159110,43],{"class":42},[36,159112,47],{"class":46},[36,159114,1131],{"class":50},[36,159116,631],{"class":54},[36,159118,58],{"class":50},[36,159120,636],{"class":54},[36,159122,58],{"class":50},[36,159124,645],{"class":54},[36,159126,58],{"class":50},[36,159128,50882],{"class":54},[36,159130,152],{"class":50},[36,159132,159133],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,159134,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,159136,159137,159139,159141,159143,159145,159147,159149,159151],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,159138,142],{"class":141},[36,159140,145],{"class":50},[36,159142,149],{"class":148},[36,159144,3941],{"class":50},[36,159146,55],{"class":54},[36,159148,1213],{"class":50},[36,159150,485],{"class":54},[36,159152,115],{"class":50},[376,159154,159156],{"id":159155},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[26,159158,159160],{"className":28,"code":159159,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,159161,159162,159186,159190,159205,159209,159220],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,159163,159164,159166,159168,159170,159172,159174,159176,159178,159180,159182,159184],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,159165,43],{"class":42},[36,159167,47],{"class":46},[36,159169,1131],{"class":50},[36,159171,631],{"class":54},[36,159173,58],{"class":50},[36,159175,636],{"class":54},[36,159177,58],{"class":50},[36,159179,645],{"class":54},[36,159181,58],{"class":50},[36,159183,50882],{"class":54},[36,159185,152],{"class":50},[36,159187,159188],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,159189,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,159191,159192,159195,159197,159199,159201,159203],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,159193,159194],{"class":42},"slice_result ",[36,159196,47],{"class":46},[36,159198,4301],{"class":42},[36,159200,75569],{"class":50},[36,159202,481],{"class":54},[36,159204,1355],{"class":50},[36,159206,159207],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,159208,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,159210,159211,159213,159215,159218],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,159212,142],{"class":141},[36,159214,145],{"class":50},[36,159216,159217],{"class":148},"slice_result",[36,159219,152],{"class":50},[36,159221,159222,159224,159226,159228],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,159223,142],{"class":141},[36,159225,145],{"class":50},[36,159227,149],{"class":148},[36,159229,152],{"class":50},[14,159231,182],{},[26,159233,159235],{"className":28,"code":159234,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[33,159236,159237,159249],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,159238,159239,159241,159243,159245,159247],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,159240,145],{"class":50},[36,159242,631],{"class":54},[36,159244,58],{"class":50},[36,159246,636],{"class":54},[36,159248,152],{"class":50},[36,159250,159251,159253,159255,159257,159259,159261,159263,159265,159267],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,159252,145],{"class":50},[36,159254,631],{"class":54},[36,159256,58],{"class":50},[36,159258,636],{"class":54},[36,159260,58],{"class":50},[36,159262,645],{"class":54},[36,159264,58],{"class":50},[36,159266,50882],{"class":54},[36,159268,152],{"class":50},[14,159270,159271],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[21,159273,113575],{"id":113574},[14,159275,159276],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[246,159278,159279,159282,159285,159291,159294],{},[249,159280,159281],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[249,159283,159284],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[249,159286,159287,159288],{},"Using a zero step like ",[33,159289,159290],{},"tuple[::0]",[249,159292,159293],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[249,159295,159296],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[14,159298,159299],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[26,159301,159303],{"className":28,"code":159302,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[33,159304,159305,159315,159333,159355],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,159306,159307,159309,159311,159313],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,159308,142],{"class":141},[36,159310,145],{"class":50},[36,159312,147855],{"class":148},[36,159314,152],{"class":50},[36,159316,159317,159319,159321,159323,159325,159327,159329,159331],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,159318,142],{"class":141},[36,159320,145],{"class":50},[36,159322,147855],{"class":148},[36,159324,3941],{"class":50},[36,159326,55],{"class":54},[36,159328,1213],{"class":50},[36,159330,2554],{"class":54},[36,159332,115],{"class":50},[36,159334,159335,159337,159339,159341,159343,159345,159347,159349,159351,159353],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,159336,142],{"class":141},[36,159338,145],{"class":50},[36,159340,818],{"class":80},[36,159342,145],{"class":50},[36,159344,147855],{"class":148},[36,159346,3941],{"class":50},[36,159348,55],{"class":54},[36,159350,1213],{"class":50},[36,159352,2554],{"class":54},[36,159354,3047],{"class":50},[36,159356,159357,159359,159361,159363,159365,159367],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,159358,142],{"class":141},[36,159360,145],{"class":50},[36,159362,438],{"class":141},[36,159364,145],{"class":50},[36,159366,147855],{"class":148},[36,159368,445],{"class":50},[14,159370,11200],{},[246,159372,159373,159375,159378,159381],{},[249,159374,155069],{},[249,159376,159377],{},"what the slice actually returns",[249,159379,159380],{},"that the result is a tuple",[249,159382,159383],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[21,159385,1872],{"id":1871},[376,159387,159389],{"id":159388},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[14,159391,159392],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[376,159394,159396],{"id":159395},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[14,159398,159399],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[376,159401,5182,159403,39997],{"id":159402},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[33,159404,158222],{},[14,159406,159407],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[376,159409,159411,159412,2541],{"id":159410},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[33,159413,70767],{},[14,159415,159416,159417,303],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[33,159418,70767],{},[21,159420,1923],{"id":1922},[246,159422,159423,159427,159431,159435,159439],{},[249,159424,159425],{},[294,159426,155929],{"href":150816},[249,159428,159429],{},[294,159430,149510],{"href":152936},[249,159432,159433],{},[294,159434,150759],{"href":157093},[249,159436,159437],{},[294,159438,147837],{"href":157455},[249,159440,159441],{},[294,159442,154682],{"href":158947},[1962,159444,159445],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":159447},[159448,159449,159450,159451,159459,159463,159464,159469,159470,159475,159476,159484],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":157255,"depth":72,"text":157256},{"id":157458,"depth":72,"text":157459},{"id":76049,"depth":72,"text":76050,"children":159452},[159453,159455,159456,159457,159458],{"id":157616,"depth":118,"text":159454},"Get the first n items",{"id":157695,"depth":118,"text":157696},{"id":157773,"depth":118,"text":157774},{"id":157855,"depth":118,"text":157856},{"id":157937,"depth":118,"text":157938},{"id":76343,"depth":72,"text":76344,"children":159460},[159461,159462],{"id":158032,"depth":118,"text":158033},{"id":158116,"depth":118,"text":158117},{"id":158205,"depth":72,"text":158206},{"id":158457,"depth":72,"text":158458,"children":159465},[159466,159467,159468],{"id":158466,"depth":118,"text":158467},{"id":158582,"depth":118,"text":158583},{"id":158690,"depth":118,"text":158691},{"id":158756,"depth":72,"text":158757},{"id":77176,"depth":72,"text":15208,"children":159471},[159472,159473,159474],{"id":158973,"depth":118,"text":158974},{"id":159058,"depth":118,"text":159059},{"id":159155,"depth":118,"text":159156},{"id":113574,"depth":72,"text":113575},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":159477},[159478,159479,159480,159482],{"id":159388,"depth":118,"text":159389},{"id":159395,"depth":118,"text":159396},{"id":159402,"depth":118,"text":159481},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159410,"depth":118,"text":159483},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157099,"description":159485},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159492,"title":159493,"body":159494,"description":161317,"extension":2009,"meta":161318,"navigation":134,"path":34843,"seo":161319,"stem":161320,"__hash__":161321},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159495,"toc":161283},[159496,159501,159506,159510,159528,159531,159546,159552,159554,159611,159613,159645,159657,159663,159668,159671,159706,159712,159714,159717,159731,159734,159736,159759,159761,159779,159782,159798,159800,159803,159916,159918,160007,160010,160015,160021,160024,160027,160126,160128,160187,160192,160195,160264,160268,160300,160316,160321,160328,160335,160347,160349,160398,160400,160423,160429,160477,160482,160489,160497,160503,160506,160530,160533,160535,160611,160613,160638,160644,160647,160652,160656,160670,160672,160735,160737,160769,160772,160788,160790,160796,160803,160805,160824,160826,160844,160851,160856,160863,160865,160902,160905,160912,160916,160919,160977,160980,160983,161038,161040,161052,161058,161060,161064,161097,161104,161106,161169,161172,161174,161179,161193,161200,161208,161217,161226,161232,161238,161240,161280],[10,159497,1935,159499,3624],{"id":159498},"python-type-function-explained",[33,159500,2353],{},[14,159502,32351,159503,159505],{},[33,159504,2353],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[14,159507,62802,159508,104419],{},[33,159509,2353],{},[246,159511,159512,159515,159518,159521],{},[249,159513,159514],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[249,159516,159517],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[249,159519,159520],{},"debug confusing code",[249,159522,159523,159524],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[294,159525,159526],{"href":8255},[33,159527,3007],{},[14,159529,159530],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[26,159532,159534],{"className":28,"code":159533,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"type(object)\n",[33,159535,159536],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,159537,159538,159540,159542,159544],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,159539,818],{"class":80},[36,159541,145],{"class":50},[36,159543,42436],{"class":80},[36,159545,152],{"class":50},[14,159547,159548,159549,159551],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[33,159550,2353],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[21,159553,24],{"id":23},[26,159555,159557],{"className":28,"code":159556,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[33,159558,159559,159571,159585,159589,159597],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,159560,159561,159563,159565,159567,159569],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,159562,7912],{"class":42},[36,159564,47],{"class":46},[36,159566,99],{"class":87},[36,159568,5043],{"class":91},[36,159570,3403],{"class":87},[36,159572,159573,159575,159577,159579,159581,159583],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,159574,142],{"class":141},[36,159576,145],{"class":50},[36,159578,818],{"class":80},[36,159580,145],{"class":50},[36,159582,1250],{"class":148},[36,159584,445],{"class":50},[36,159586,159587],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,159588,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,159590,159591,159593,159595],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,159592,2267],{"class":42},[36,159594,47],{"class":46},[36,159596,2637],{"class":54},[36,159598,159599,159601,159603,159605,159607,159609],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,159600,142],{"class":141},[36,159602,145],{"class":50},[36,159604,818],{"class":80},[36,159606,145],{"class":50},[36,159608,2290],{"class":148},[36,159610,445],{"class":50},[14,159612,182],{},[26,159614,159615],{"className":28,"code":124922,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,159616,159617,159631],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,159618,159619,159621,159623,159625,159627,159629],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,159620,844],{"class":46},[36,159622,848],{"class":847},[36,159624,220],{"class":87},[36,159626,3488],{"class":91},[36,159628,211],{"class":87},[36,159630,857],{"class":46},[36,159632,159633,159635,159637,159639,159641,159643],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,159634,844],{"class":46},[36,159636,848],{"class":847},[36,159638,220],{"class":87},[36,159640,2237],{"class":91},[36,159642,211],{"class":87},[36,159644,857],{"class":46},[14,159646,495,159647,159650,159651,482,159654,303],{},[33,159648,159649],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[33,159652,159653],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[33,159655,159656],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[21,159658,13028,159660,159662],{"id":159659},"what-the-type-function-does",[33,159661,2353],{}," function does",[14,159664,159665,159667],{},[33,159666,2353],{}," returns the type of an object.",[14,159669,159670],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[246,159672,159673,159678,159683,159688,159693,159698],{},[249,159674,159675,159677],{},[33,159676,3488],{}," for text",[249,159679,159680,159682],{},[33,159681,2237],{}," for whole numbers",[249,159684,159685,159687],{},[33,159686,2241],{}," for decimal numbers",[249,159689,159690,159692],{},[33,159691,1225],{}," for lists",[249,159694,159695,159697],{},[33,159696,936],{}," for dictionaries",[249,159699,159700,69131,159702,482,159704],{},[33,159701,3908],{},[33,159703,3649],{},[33,159705,3716],{},[14,159707,159708,159709,159711],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[33,159710,2353],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[21,159713,2205],{"id":2204},[14,159715,159716],{},"The main beginner form is:",[26,159718,159719],{"className":28,"code":159533,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,159720,159721],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,159722,159723,159725,159727,159729],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,159724,818],{"class":80},[36,159726,145],{"class":50},[36,159728,42436],{"class":80},[36,159730,152],{"class":50},[14,159732,159733],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[14,159735,2257],{},[26,159737,159739],{"className":28,"code":159738,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[33,159740,159741],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,159742,159743,159745,159747,159749,159751,159753,159755,159757],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,159744,142],{"class":141},[36,159746,145],{"class":50},[36,159748,818],{"class":80},[36,159750,145],{"class":50},[36,159752,88],{"class":87},[36,159754,708],{"class":91},[36,159756,88],{"class":87},[36,159758,445],{"class":50},[14,159760,182],{},[26,159762,159763],{"className":28,"code":45808,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,159764,159765],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,159766,159767,159769,159771,159773,159775,159777],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,159768,844],{"class":46},[36,159770,848],{"class":847},[36,159772,220],{"class":87},[36,159774,3488],{"class":91},[36,159776,211],{"class":87},[36,159778,857],{"class":46},[14,159780,159781],{},"You can pass either:",[246,159783,159784,159791],{},[249,159785,159786,159787,298,159789],{},"a literal value such as ",[33,159788,64570],{},[33,159790,46564],{},[249,159792,159793,159794,298,159796],{},"a variable such as ",[33,159795,1250],{},[33,159797,9331],{},[21,159799,121734],{"id":121733},[14,159801,159802],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[26,159804,159806],{"className":28,"code":159805,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[33,159807,159808,159826,159840,159854,159876,159902],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,159809,159810,159812,159814,159816,159818,159820,159822,159824],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,159811,142],{"class":141},[36,159813,145],{"class":50},[36,159815,818],{"class":80},[36,159817,145],{"class":50},[36,159819,88],{"class":87},[36,159821,708],{"class":91},[36,159823,88],{"class":87},[36,159825,445],{"class":50},[36,159827,159828,159830,159832,159834,159836,159838],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,159829,142],{"class":141},[36,159831,145],{"class":50},[36,159833,818],{"class":80},[36,159835,145],{"class":50},[36,159837,631],{"class":54},[36,159839,445],{"class":50},[36,159841,159842,159844,159846,159848,159850,159852],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,159843,142],{"class":141},[36,159845,145],{"class":50},[36,159847,818],{"class":80},[36,159849,145],{"class":50},[36,159851,40180],{"class":54},[36,159853,445],{"class":50},[36,159855,159856,159858,159860,159862,159864,159866,159868,159870,159872,159874],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,159857,142],{"class":141},[36,159859,145],{"class":50},[36,159861,818],{"class":80},[36,159863,84],{"class":50},[36,159865,55],{"class":54},[36,159867,58],{"class":50},[36,159869,61],{"class":54},[36,159871,58],{"class":50},[36,159873,66],{"class":54},[36,159875,3047],{"class":50},[36,159877,159878,159880,159882,159884,159886,159888,159890,159892,159894,159896,159898,159900],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,159879,142],{"class":141},[36,159881,145],{"class":50},[36,159883,818],{"class":80},[36,159885,5568],{"class":50},[36,159887,88],{"class":87},[36,159889,1250],{"class":91},[36,159891,88],{"class":87},[36,159893,1213],{"class":50},[36,159895,99],{"class":87},[36,159897,5043],{"class":91},[36,159899,88],{"class":87},[36,159901,5577],{"class":50},[36,159903,159904,159906,159908,159910,159912,159914],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,159905,142],{"class":141},[36,159907,145],{"class":50},[36,159909,818],{"class":80},[36,159911,145],{"class":50},[36,159913,3649],{"class":1143},[36,159915,445],{"class":50},[14,159917,182],{},[26,159919,159921],{"className":28,"code":159920,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[33,159922,159923,159937,159951,159965,159979,159993],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,159924,159925,159927,159929,159931,159933,159935],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,159926,844],{"class":46},[36,159928,848],{"class":847},[36,159930,220],{"class":87},[36,159932,3488],{"class":91},[36,159934,211],{"class":87},[36,159936,857],{"class":46},[36,159938,159939,159941,159943,159945,159947,159949],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,159940,844],{"class":46},[36,159942,848],{"class":847},[36,159944,220],{"class":87},[36,159946,2237],{"class":91},[36,159948,211],{"class":87},[36,159950,857],{"class":46},[36,159952,159953,159955,159957,159959,159961,159963],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,159954,844],{"class":46},[36,159956,848],{"class":847},[36,159958,220],{"class":87},[36,159960,2241],{"class":91},[36,159962,211],{"class":87},[36,159964,857],{"class":46},[36,159966,159967,159969,159971,159973,159975,159977],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,159968,844],{"class":46},[36,159970,848],{"class":847},[36,159972,220],{"class":87},[36,159974,1225],{"class":91},[36,159976,211],{"class":87},[36,159978,857],{"class":46},[36,159980,159981,159983,159985,159987,159989,159991],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,159982,844],{"class":46},[36,159984,848],{"class":847},[36,159986,220],{"class":87},[36,159988,936],{"class":91},[36,159990,211],{"class":87},[36,159992,857],{"class":46},[36,159994,159995,159997,159999,160001,160003,160005],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,159996,844],{"class":46},[36,159998,848],{"class":847},[36,160000,220],{"class":87},[36,160002,3908],{"class":91},[36,160004,211],{"class":87},[36,160006,857],{"class":46},[14,160008,160009],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[14,160011,160012,160013,303],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[294,160014,44835],{"href":49016},[21,160016,1462,160018,160020],{"id":160017},"using-type-with-variables",[33,160019,2353],{}," with variables",[14,160022,160023],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[14,160025,160026],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[26,160028,160030],{"className":28,"code":160029,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[33,160031,160032,160040,160058,160062,160074,160092,160096,160108],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,160033,160034,160036,160038],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,160035,1478],{"class":42},[36,160037,47],{"class":46},[36,160039,2637],{"class":54},[36,160041,160042,160044,160046,160048,160050,160052,160054,160056],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,160043,142],{"class":141},[36,160045,145],{"class":50},[36,160047,1495],{"class":148},[36,160049,58],{"class":50},[36,160051,49428],{"class":80},[36,160053,145],{"class":50},[36,160055,1495],{"class":148},[36,160057,445],{"class":50},[36,160059,160060],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,160061,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,160063,160064,160066,160068,160070,160072],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,160065,1478],{"class":42},[36,160067,47],{"class":46},[36,160069,99],{"class":87},[36,160071,45945],{"class":91},[36,160073,3403],{"class":87},[36,160075,160076,160078,160080,160082,160084,160086,160088,160090],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,160077,142],{"class":141},[36,160079,145],{"class":50},[36,160081,1495],{"class":148},[36,160083,58],{"class":50},[36,160085,49428],{"class":80},[36,160087,145],{"class":50},[36,160089,1495],{"class":148},[36,160091,445],{"class":50},[36,160093,160094],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,160095,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,160097,160098,160100,160102,160104,160106],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,160099,1478],{"class":42},[36,160101,47],{"class":46},[36,160103,1333],{"class":50},[36,160105,631],{"class":54},[36,160107,1355],{"class":50},[36,160109,160110,160112,160114,160116,160118,160120,160122,160124],{"class":38,"line":6465},[36,160111,142],{"class":141},[36,160113,145],{"class":50},[36,160115,1495],{"class":148},[36,160117,58],{"class":50},[36,160119,49428],{"class":80},[36,160121,145],{"class":50},[36,160123,1495],{"class":148},[36,160125,445],{"class":50},[14,160127,182],{},[26,160129,160131],{"className":28,"code":160130,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[33,160132,160133,160150,160167],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,160134,160135,160137,160140,160142,160144,160146,160148],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,160136,631],{"class":54},[36,160138,160139],{"class":46}," \u003C",[36,160141,848],{"class":847},[36,160143,220],{"class":87},[36,160145,2237],{"class":91},[36,160147,211],{"class":87},[36,160149,857],{"class":46},[36,160151,160152,160155,160157,160159,160161,160163,160165],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,160153,160154],{"class":42},"ten ",[36,160156,844],{"class":46},[36,160158,848],{"class":847},[36,160160,220],{"class":87},[36,160162,3488],{"class":91},[36,160164,211],{"class":87},[36,160166,857],{"class":46},[36,160168,160169,160171,160173,160175,160177,160179,160181,160183,160185],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,160170,3941],{"class":50},[36,160172,631],{"class":54},[36,160174,13306],{"class":50},[36,160176,160139],{"class":46},[36,160178,848],{"class":847},[36,160180,220],{"class":87},[36,160182,1225],{"class":91},[36,160184,211],{"class":87},[36,160186,857],{"class":46},[14,160188,160189,160191],{},[33,160190,2353],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[14,160193,160194],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[26,160196,160198],{"className":28,"code":160197,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[33,160199,160200,160218,160232,160236,160250],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,160201,160202,160204,160206,160208,160210,160212,160214,160216],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,160203,3436],{"class":42},[36,160205,47],{"class":46},[36,160207,8278],{"class":141},[36,160209,145],{"class":50},[36,160211,88],{"class":87},[36,160213,41908],{"class":91},[36,160215,88],{"class":87},[36,160217,152],{"class":50},[36,160219,160220,160222,160224,160226,160228,160230],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,160221,142],{"class":141},[36,160223,145],{"class":50},[36,160225,818],{"class":80},[36,160227,145],{"class":50},[36,160229,3462],{"class":148},[36,160231,445],{"class":50},[36,160233,160234],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,160235,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,160237,160238,160240,160242,160244,160246,160248],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,160239,122846],{"class":42},[36,160241,47],{"class":46},[36,160243,45314],{"class":80},[36,160245,145],{"class":50},[36,160247,3462],{"class":148},[36,160249,152],{"class":50},[36,160251,160252,160254,160256,160258,160260,160262],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,160253,142],{"class":141},[36,160255,145],{"class":50},[36,160257,818],{"class":80},[36,160259,145],{"class":50},[36,160261,122869],{"class":148},[36,160263,445],{"class":50},[14,160265,41157,160266,41161],{},[33,160267,9228],{},[26,160269,160270],{"className":28,"code":124922,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,160271,160272,160286],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,160273,160274,160276,160278,160280,160282,160284],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,160275,844],{"class":46},[36,160277,848],{"class":847},[36,160279,220],{"class":87},[36,160281,3488],{"class":91},[36,160283,211],{"class":87},[36,160285,857],{"class":46},[36,160287,160288,160290,160292,160294,160296,160298],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,160289,844],{"class":46},[36,160291,848],{"class":847},[36,160293,220],{"class":87},[36,160295,2237],{"class":91},[36,160297,211],{"class":87},[36,160299,857],{"class":46},[14,160301,45741,160302,160306,160307,298,160311,160315],{},[294,160303,160304],{"href":8255},[33,160305,3007],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[294,160308,160309],{"href":2924},[33,160310,2927],{},[294,160312,160313],{"href":2930},[33,160314,2933],{}," if you need a number.",[14,160317,160318,160319,303],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[294,160320,9015],{"href":9014},[21,160322,160324,10615,160326],{"id":160323},"type-vs-isinstance",[33,160325,2353],{},[33,160327,44843],{},[14,160329,160330,482,160332,160334],{},[33,160331,2353],{},[33,160333,44843],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[246,160336,160337,160342],{},[249,160338,160339,160341],{},[33,160340,2353],{}," tells you the exact type",[249,160343,160344,160346],{},[33,160345,44843],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[14,160348,2257],{},[26,160350,160352],{"className":28,"code":160351,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[33,160353,160354,160362,160366,160380],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,160355,160356,160358,160360],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,160357,1478],{"class":42},[36,160359,47],{"class":46},[36,160361,34877],{"class":54},[36,160363,160364],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,160365,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,160367,160368,160370,160372,160374,160376,160378],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,160369,142],{"class":141},[36,160371,145],{"class":50},[36,160373,818],{"class":80},[36,160375,145],{"class":50},[36,160377,1495],{"class":148},[36,160379,445],{"class":50},[36,160381,160382,160384,160386,160388,160390,160392,160394,160396],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,160383,142],{"class":141},[36,160385,145],{"class":50},[36,160387,48913],{"class":141},[36,160389,145],{"class":50},[36,160391,1495],{"class":148},[36,160393,58],{"class":50},[36,160395,45314],{"class":80},[36,160397,445],{"class":50},[14,160399,182],{},[26,160401,160403],{"className":28,"code":160402,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[33,160404,160405,160419],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,160406,160407,160409,160411,160413,160415,160417],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,160408,844],{"class":46},[36,160410,848],{"class":847},[36,160412,220],{"class":87},[36,160414,2237],{"class":91},[36,160416,211],{"class":87},[36,160418,857],{"class":46},[36,160420,160421],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,160422,4020],{"class":1143},[14,160424,160425,160426,160428],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[33,160427,44843],{}," is more practical.",[26,160430,160432],{"className":28,"code":160431,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[33,160433,160434,160442,160446,160462],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,160435,160436,160438,160440],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,160437,1478],{"class":42},[36,160439,47],{"class":46},[36,160441,34877],{"class":54},[36,160443,160444],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,160445,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,160447,160448,160450,160452,160454,160456,160458,160460],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,160449,7037],{"class":3917},[36,160451,49651],{"class":141},[36,160453,145],{"class":50},[36,160455,1495],{"class":148},[36,160457,58],{"class":50},[36,160459,45314],{"class":80},[36,160461,8378],{"class":50},[36,160463,160464,160466,160468,160470,160473,160475],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,160465,8105],{"class":141},[36,160467,145],{"class":50},[36,160469,88],{"class":87},[36,160471,160472],{"class":91},"This is an integer",[36,160474,88],{"class":87},[36,160476,152],{"class":50},[14,160478,495,160479,160481],{},[33,160480,2353],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[14,160483,495,160484,160486,160487,7212],{},[33,160485,44843],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[33,160488,7037],{},[14,160490,160491,160492,303],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[294,160493,1935,160495,3554],{"href":160494},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[33,160496,44843],{},[21,160498,160500,160501],{"id":160499},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[33,160502,2353],{},[14,160504,160505],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[26,160507,160509],{"className":28,"code":160508,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[33,160510,160511],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,160512,160513,160515,160517,160519,160521,160524,160526,160528],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,160514,818],{"class":80},[36,160516,145],{"class":50},[36,160518,1250],{"class":148},[36,160520,58],{"class":50},[36,160522,160523],{"class":148}," bases",[36,160525,58],{"class":50},[36,160527,9205],{"class":80},[36,160529,152],{"class":50},[14,160531,160532],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[14,160534,2257],{},[26,160536,160538],{"className":28,"code":160537,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[33,160539,160540,160583,160587,160597],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,160541,160542,160545,160547,160549,160551,160553,160556,160558,160560,160563,160565,160567,160570,160572,160574,160576,160579,160581],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,160543,160544],{"class":42},"Person ",[36,160546,47],{"class":46},[36,160548,49428],{"class":80},[36,160550,145],{"class":50},[36,160552,88],{"class":87},[36,160554,160555],{"class":91},"Person",[36,160557,88],{"class":87},[36,160559,58],{"class":50},[36,160561,160562],{"class":50}," (),",[36,160564,51],{"class":50},[36,160566,88],{"class":87},[36,160568,160569],{"class":91},"species",[36,160571,88],{"class":87},[36,160573,1213],{"class":50},[36,160575,99],{"class":87},[36,160577,160578],{"class":91},"human",[36,160580,88],{"class":87},[36,160582,30530],{"class":50},[36,160584,160585],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,160586,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,160588,160589,160591,160593,160595],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,160590,142],{"class":141},[36,160592,145],{"class":50},[36,160594,160555],{"class":148},[36,160596,152],{"class":50},[36,160598,160599,160601,160603,160605,160607,160609],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,160600,142],{"class":141},[36,160602,145],{"class":50},[36,160604,160555],{"class":148},[36,160606,303],{"class":50},[36,160608,160569],{"class":24783},[36,160610,152],{"class":50},[14,160612,182],{},[26,160614,160616],{"className":28,"code":160615,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[33,160617,160618,160633],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,160619,160620,160622,160624,160626,160629,160631],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,160621,844],{"class":46},[36,160623,848],{"class":847},[36,160625,220],{"class":87},[36,160627,160628],{"class":91},"__main__.Person",[36,160630,211],{"class":87},[36,160632,857],{"class":46},[36,160634,160635],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,160636,160637],{"class":42},"human\n",[14,160639,160640,160641,160643],{},"Most beginners do ",[180,160642,870],{}," need this form.",[14,160645,160646],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[21,160648,5000,160650],{"id":160649},"when-to-use-type",[33,160651,2353],{},[14,160653,160654,12475],{},[33,160655,2353],{},[246,160657,160658,160661,160664,160667],{},[249,160659,160660],{},"debug unexpected values",[249,160662,160663],{},"check what a conversion produced",[249,160665,160666],{},"learn Python data types",[249,160668,160669],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[14,160671,5512],{},[26,160673,160675],{"className":28,"code":160674,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[33,160676,160677,160689,160703,160707,160721],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,160678,160679,160681,160683,160685,160687],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,160680,34722],{"class":42},[36,160682,47],{"class":46},[36,160684,99],{"class":87},[36,160686,50284],{"class":91},[36,160688,3403],{"class":87},[36,160690,160691,160693,160695,160697,160699,160701],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,160692,2267],{"class":42},[36,160694,47],{"class":46},[36,160696,45314],{"class":80},[36,160698,145],{"class":50},[36,160700,34743],{"class":148},[36,160702,152],{"class":50},[36,160704,160705],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,160706,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,160708,160709,160711,160713,160715,160717,160719],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,160710,142],{"class":141},[36,160712,145],{"class":50},[36,160714,818],{"class":80},[36,160716,145],{"class":50},[36,160718,34743],{"class":148},[36,160720,445],{"class":50},[36,160722,160723,160725,160727,160729,160731,160733],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,160724,142],{"class":141},[36,160726,145],{"class":50},[36,160728,818],{"class":80},[36,160730,145],{"class":50},[36,160732,2290],{"class":148},[36,160734,445],{"class":50},[14,160736,182],{},[26,160738,160739],{"className":28,"code":124922,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,160740,160741,160755],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,160742,160743,160745,160747,160749,160751,160753],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,160744,844],{"class":46},[36,160746,848],{"class":847},[36,160748,220],{"class":87},[36,160750,3488],{"class":91},[36,160752,211],{"class":87},[36,160754,857],{"class":46},[36,160756,160757,160759,160761,160763,160765,160767],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,160758,844],{"class":46},[36,160760,848],{"class":847},[36,160762,220],{"class":87},[36,160764,2237],{"class":91},[36,160766,211],{"class":87},[36,160768,857],{"class":46},[14,160770,160771],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[14,160773,160774,160775,2238,160779,17102,160783,160787],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[294,160776,160777],{"href":42212},[33,160778,47721],{},[294,160780,160781],{"href":2924},[33,160782,2927],{},[294,160784,160785],{"href":2930},[33,160786,2933],{}," are often the next step.",[21,160789,25391],{"id":25390},[14,160791,160792,160793,160795],{},"A few things about ",[33,160794,2353],{}," often confuse beginners.",[376,160797,160799,160802],{"id":160798},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[33,160800,160801],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[14,160804,64679],{},[26,160806,160808],{"className":28,"code":160807,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(type(5))\n",[33,160809,160810],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,160811,160812,160814,160816,160818,160820,160822],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,160813,142],{"class":141},[36,160815,145],{"class":50},[36,160817,818],{"class":80},[36,160819,145],{"class":50},[36,160821,2183],{"class":54},[36,160823,445],{"class":50},[14,160825,122765],{},[26,160827,160828],{"className":28,"code":156277,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,160829,160830],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,160831,160832,160834,160836,160838,160840,160842],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,160833,844],{"class":46},[36,160835,848],{"class":847},[36,160837,220],{"class":87},[36,160839,2237],{"class":91},[36,160841,211],{"class":87},[36,160843,857],{"class":46},[14,160845,40942,160846,160848,160849,303],{},[180,160847,870],{}," print just ",[33,160850,2237],{},[14,160852,6716,160853,160855],{},[33,160854,2353],{}," returns a class object.",[376,160857,160859,2448,160861],{"id":160858},"input-returns-str",[33,160860,3007],{},[33,160862,3488],{},[14,160864,79576],{},[26,160866,160868],{"className":28,"code":160867,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[33,160869,160870,160888],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,160871,160872,160874,160876,160878,160880,160882,160884,160886],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,160873,1478],{"class":42},[36,160875,47],{"class":46},[36,160877,8278],{"class":141},[36,160879,145],{"class":50},[36,160881,88],{"class":87},[36,160883,46348],{"class":91},[36,160885,88],{"class":87},[36,160887,152],{"class":50},[36,160889,160890,160892,160894,160896,160898,160900],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,160891,142],{"class":141},[36,160893,145],{"class":50},[36,160895,818],{"class":80},[36,160897,145],{"class":50},[36,160899,1495],{"class":148},[36,160901,445],{"class":50},[14,160903,160904],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[14,160906,160907,160908,298,160910,303],{},"If you need a number, use ",[33,160909,2927],{},[33,160911,2933],{},[376,160913,160915],{"id":160914},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[14,160917,160918],{},"Avoid code like this:",[26,160920,160922],{"className":28,"code":160921,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[33,160923,160924,160932,160936,160962],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,160925,160926,160928,160930],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,160927,1478],{"class":42},[36,160929,47],{"class":46},[36,160931,34877],{"class":54},[36,160933,160934],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,160935,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,160937,160938,160940,160942,160944,160946,160948,160950,160952,160954,160956,160958,160960],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,160939,7037],{"class":3917},[36,160941,48942],{"class":80},[36,160943,145],{"class":50},[36,160945,818],{"class":80},[36,160947,145],{"class":50},[36,160949,1495],{"class":148},[36,160951,5402],{"class":50},[36,160953,6448],{"class":46},[36,160955,99],{"class":87},[36,160957,159656],{"class":91},[36,160959,88],{"class":87},[36,160961,6433],{"class":50},[36,160963,160964,160966,160968,160970,160973,160975],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,160965,8105],{"class":141},[36,160967,145],{"class":50},[36,160969,88],{"class":87},[36,160971,160972],{"class":91},"It is an int",[36,160974,88],{"class":87},[36,160976,152],{"class":50},[14,160978,160979],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[14,160981,160982],{},"Better options:",[26,160984,160986],{"className":28,"code":160985,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[33,160987,160988,160996,161000,161020],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,160989,160990,160992,160994],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,160991,1478],{"class":42},[36,160993,47],{"class":46},[36,160995,34877],{"class":54},[36,160997,160998],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,160999,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,161001,161002,161004,161006,161008,161010,161012,161014,161016,161018],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,161003,142],{"class":141},[36,161005,145],{"class":50},[36,161007,818],{"class":80},[36,161009,145],{"class":50},[36,161011,1495],{"class":148},[36,161013,3703],{"class":50},[36,161015,6448],{"class":46},[36,161017,45314],{"class":80},[36,161019,152],{"class":50},[36,161021,161022,161024,161026,161028,161030,161032,161034,161036],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,161023,142],{"class":141},[36,161025,145],{"class":50},[36,161027,48913],{"class":141},[36,161029,145],{"class":50},[36,161031,1495],{"class":148},[36,161033,58],{"class":50},[36,161035,45314],{"class":80},[36,161037,445],{"class":50},[14,161039,182],{},[26,161041,161042],{"className":28,"code":4543,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,161043,161044,161048],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,161045,161046],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,161047,4020],{"class":1143},[36,161049,161050],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,161051,4020],{"class":1143},[14,161053,161054,161055,161057],{},"In most real code, ",[33,161056,44843],{}," is the more useful check.",[21,161059,1455],{"id":1454},[14,161061,14766,161062,1213],{},[33,161063,2353],{},[246,161065,161066,161076,161085,161094],{},[249,161067,1462,161068,161070,161071,161075],{},[33,161069,2353],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[294,161072,161073],{"href":8255},[33,161074,3007],{}," always returns a string",[249,161077,8489,161078,161080,161081,11122,161083],{},[33,161079,2353],{}," to return plain text like ",[33,161082,2237],{},[33,161084,159656],{},[249,161086,1462,161087,44667,161090,161093],{},[33,161088,161089],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[33,161091,161092],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[249,161095,161096],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[14,161098,161099,161100,303],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[294,161101,161103],{"href":161102},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[14,161105,144431],{},[26,161107,161109],{"className":28,"code":161108,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[33,161110,161111,161125,161135,161149,161159],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,161112,161113,161115,161117,161119,161121,161123],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,161114,142],{"class":141},[36,161116,145],{"class":50},[36,161118,818],{"class":80},[36,161120,145],{"class":50},[36,161122,1495],{"class":148},[36,161124,445],{"class":50},[36,161126,161127,161129,161131,161133],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,161128,142],{"class":141},[36,161130,145],{"class":50},[36,161132,1495],{"class":148},[36,161134,152],{"class":50},[36,161136,161137,161139,161141,161143,161145,161147],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,161138,142],{"class":141},[36,161140,145],{"class":50},[36,161142,41816],{"class":141},[36,161144,145],{"class":50},[36,161146,1495],{"class":148},[36,161148,445],{"class":50},[36,161150,161151,161153,161155,161157],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,161152,32186],{"class":141},[36,161154,145],{"class":50},[36,161156,818],{"class":80},[36,161158,152],{"class":50},[36,161160,161161,161163,161165,161167],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,161162,34406],{"class":141},[36,161164,145],{"class":50},[36,161166,1495],{"class":148},[36,161168,152],{"class":50},[14,161170,161171],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[21,161173,1872],{"id":1871},[376,161175,5182,161177,5185],{"id":161176},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[33,161178,2353],{},[14,161180,161181,161182,2238,161184,2238,161186,2242,161188,161190,161191,303],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[33,161183,3488],{},[33,161185,2237],{},[33,161187,1225],{},[33,161189,936],{},", shown as a class object like ",[33,161192,159653],{},[376,161194,14936,161196,57243,161198,2541],{"id":161195},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[33,161197,2353],{},[33,161199,44843],{},[14,161201,46403,161202,161204,161205,161207],{},[33,161203,2353],{}," shows the exact type. ",[33,161206,44843],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[376,161209,5198,161211,161214,161215,2541],{"id":161210},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[33,161212,161213],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[33,161216,3488],{},[14,161218,29096,161219,161221,161222,298,161224,160315],{},[33,161220,3007],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[33,161223,2927],{},[33,161225,2933],{},[376,161227,5210,161229,161231],{"id":161228},"can-type-create-classes",[33,161230,2353],{}," create classes?",[14,161233,161234,161235,303],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[33,161236,161237],{},"type(object)",[21,161239,1923],{"id":1922},[246,161241,161242,161246,161252,161258,161262,161268,161274],{},[249,161243,161244],{},[294,161245,44835],{"href":49016},[249,161247,161248],{},[294,161249,1935,161250,3554],{"href":160494},[33,161251,44843],{},[249,161253,161254],{},[294,161255,1935,161256,3554],{"href":8255},[33,161257,3007],{},[249,161259,161260],{},[294,161261,9092],{"href":9014},[249,161263,161264],{},[294,161265,1935,161266,3554],{"href":2924},[33,161267,2927],{},[249,161269,161270],{},[294,161271,1935,161272,3554],{"href":2930},[33,161273,2933],{},[249,161275,161276],{},[294,161277,1935,161278,3554],{"href":42212},[33,161279,47721],{},[1962,161281,161282],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":161284},[161285,161286,161288,161289,161290,161292,161294,161296,161298,161305,161306,161316],{"id":23,"depth":72,"text":24},{"id":159659,"depth":72,"text":161287},"What the type() function does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":121733,"depth":72,"text":121734},{"id":160017,"depth":72,"text":161291},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160323,"depth":72,"text":161293},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160499,"depth":72,"text":161295},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160649,"depth":72,"text":161297},"When to use type()",{"id":25390,"depth":72,"text":25391,"children":161299},[161300,161302,161304],{"id":160798,"depth":118,"text":161301},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160858,"depth":118,"text":161303},"input() returns str",{"id":160914,"depth":118,"text":160915},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":161307},[161308,161310,161312,161314],{"id":161176,"depth":118,"text":161309},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161195,"depth":118,"text":161311},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161210,"depth":118,"text":161313},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161228,"depth":118,"text":161315},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159493,"description":161317},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161323,"title":161324,"body":161325,"description":163804,"extension":2009,"meta":163805,"navigation":134,"path":163806,"seo":163807,"stem":163808,"__hash__":163809},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161326,"toc":163761},[161327,161332,161337,161346,161348,161448,161450,161475,161480,161485,161501,161504,161506,161508,161533,161536,161539,161622,161624,161673,161676,161798,161800,161873,161877,161880,161994,161996,162022,162024,162045,162050,162054,162059,162062,162166,162168,162185,162194,162197,162284,162286,162297,162302,162308,162313,162319,162322,162415,162417,162466,162472,162475,162576,162578,162631,162636,162640,162643,162742,162744,162783,162786,162791,162793,162798,162802,162915,162919,163016,163020,163108,163110,163127,163131,163254,163260,163266,163272,163277,163280,163307,163311,163313,163407,163410,163414,163417,163504,163507,163542,163544,163581,163584,163592,163597,163602,163676,163683,163685,163690,163693,163699,163702,163708,163713,163719,163724,163728,163731,163733,163758],[10,161328,1935,161330,3624],{"id":161329},"python-zip-function-explained",[33,161331,64355],{},[14,161333,161334,161336],{},[33,161335,64355],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[14,161338,161339,161340,161342,161343,161345],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[33,161341,64355],{}," inside a ",[33,161344,5997],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[21,161347,2051],{"id":2050},[26,161349,161351],{"className":28,"code":161350,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[33,161352,161353,161385,161405,161409,161434],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,161354,161355,161357,161359,161361,161363,161365,161367,161369,161371,161373,161375,161377,161379,161381,161383],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,161356,5034],{"class":42},[36,161358,47],{"class":46},[36,161360,1333],{"class":50},[36,161362,88],{"class":87},[36,161364,12912],{"class":91},[36,161366,88],{"class":87},[36,161368,58],{"class":50},[36,161370,99],{"class":87},[36,161372,35977],{"class":91},[36,161374,88],{"class":87},[36,161376,58],{"class":50},[36,161378,99],{"class":87},[36,161380,35986],{"class":91},[36,161382,88],{"class":87},[36,161384,1355],{"class":50},[36,161386,161387,161389,161391,161393,161395,161397,161399,161401,161403],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,161388,5103],{"class":42},[36,161390,47],{"class":46},[36,161392,1333],{"class":50},[36,161394,13535],{"class":54},[36,161396,58],{"class":50},[36,161398,13540],{"class":54},[36,161400,58],{"class":50},[36,161402,28955],{"class":54},[36,161404,1355],{"class":50},[36,161406,161407],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,161408,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,161410,161411,161413,161415,161417,161419,161421,161424,161426,161428,161430,161432],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,161412,5997],{"class":3917},[36,161414,36028],{"class":42},[36,161416,58],{"class":50},[36,161418,5145],{"class":42},[36,161420,3924],{"class":3917},[36,161422,161423],{"class":141}," zip",[36,161425,145],{"class":50},[36,161427,5078],{"class":148},[36,161429,58],{"class":50},[36,161431,5150],{"class":148},[36,161433,8378],{"class":50},[36,161435,161436,161438,161440,161442,161444,161446],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,161437,8105],{"class":141},[36,161439,145],{"class":50},[36,161441,1250],{"class":148},[36,161443,58],{"class":50},[36,161445,130711],{"class":148},[36,161447,152],{"class":50},[14,161449,182],{},[26,161451,161453],{"className":28,"code":161452,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[33,161454,161455,161461,161468],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,161456,161457,161459],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,161458,133730],{"class":42},[36,161460,33170],{"class":54},[36,161462,161463,161466],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,161464,161465],{"class":42},"Ben ",[36,161467,33175],{"class":54},[36,161469,161470,161473],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,161471,161472],{"class":42},"Cara ",[36,161474,33180],{"class":54},[14,161476,495,161477,161479],{},[33,161478,64355],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[21,161481,3720,161483,3723],{"id":161482},"what-zip-does",[33,161484,64355],{},[246,161486,161487,161492,161495,161498],{},[249,161488,161489,161491],{},[33,161490,64355],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[249,161493,161494],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[249,161496,161497],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[249,161499,161500],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[14,161502,161503],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[21,161505,2205],{"id":2204},[14,161507,7257],{},[26,161509,161511],{"className":28,"code":161510,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[33,161512,161513],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,161514,161515,161517,161519,161522,161524,161527,161529,161531],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,161516,64425],{"class":141},[36,161518,145],{"class":50},[36,161520,161521],{"class":148},"iterable1",[36,161523,58],{"class":50},[36,161525,161526],{"class":148}," iterable2",[36,161528,58],{"class":50},[36,161530,34488],{"class":141},[36,161532,152],{"class":50},[14,161534,161535],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[14,161537,161538],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[26,161540,161542],{"className":28,"code":161541,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[33,161543,161544,161564,161596,161600],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,161545,161546,161548,161550,161552,161554,161556,161558,161560,161562],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,161547,43],{"class":42},[36,161549,47],{"class":46},[36,161551,1333],{"class":50},[36,161553,55],{"class":54},[36,161555,58],{"class":50},[36,161557,61],{"class":54},[36,161559,58],{"class":50},[36,161561,66],{"class":54},[36,161563,1355],{"class":50},[36,161565,161566,161568,161570,161572,161574,161576,161578,161580,161582,161584,161586,161588,161590,161592,161594],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,161567,697],{"class":42},[36,161569,47],{"class":46},[36,161571,1333],{"class":50},[36,161573,88],{"class":87},[36,161575,294],{"class":91},[36,161577,88],{"class":87},[36,161579,58],{"class":50},[36,161581,99],{"class":87},[36,161583,1707],{"class":91},[36,161585,88],{"class":87},[36,161587,58],{"class":50},[36,161589,99],{"class":87},[36,161591,9770],{"class":91},[36,161593,88],{"class":87},[36,161595,1355],{"class":50},[36,161597,161598],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,161599,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,161601,161602,161604,161606,161608,161610,161612,161614,161616,161618,161620],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,161603,142],{"class":141},[36,161605,145],{"class":50},[36,161607,1225],{"class":80},[36,161609,145],{"class":50},[36,161611,64425],{"class":141},[36,161613,145],{"class":50},[36,161615,149],{"class":148},[36,161617,58],{"class":50},[36,161619,70132],{"class":148},[36,161621,2961],{"class":50},[14,161623,182],{},[26,161625,161627],{"className":28,"code":161626,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[33,161628,161629],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,161630,161631,161633,161635,161637,161639,161641,161643,161645,161647,161649,161651,161653,161655,161657,161659,161661,161663,161665,161667,161669,161671],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,161632,21772],{"class":50},[36,161634,55],{"class":54},[36,161636,58],{"class":50},[36,161638,220],{"class":87},[36,161640,294],{"class":91},[36,161642,211],{"class":87},[36,161644,1140],{"class":50},[36,161646,1131],{"class":50},[36,161648,481],{"class":54},[36,161650,58],{"class":50},[36,161652,220],{"class":87},[36,161654,1707],{"class":91},[36,161656,211],{"class":87},[36,161658,1140],{"class":50},[36,161660,1131],{"class":50},[36,161662,485],{"class":54},[36,161664,58],{"class":50},[36,161666,220],{"class":87},[36,161668,9770],{"class":91},[36,161670,211],{"class":87},[36,161672,9282],{"class":50},[14,161674,161675],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[26,161677,161679],{"className":28,"code":161678,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[33,161680,161681,161713,161733,161767,161771],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,161682,161683,161685,161687,161689,161691,161693,161695,161697,161699,161701,161703,161705,161707,161709,161711],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,161684,5034],{"class":42},[36,161686,47],{"class":46},[36,161688,1333],{"class":50},[36,161690,88],{"class":87},[36,161692,12912],{"class":91},[36,161694,88],{"class":87},[36,161696,58],{"class":50},[36,161698,99],{"class":87},[36,161700,35977],{"class":91},[36,161702,88],{"class":87},[36,161704,58],{"class":50},[36,161706,99],{"class":87},[36,161708,35986],{"class":91},[36,161710,88],{"class":87},[36,161712,1355],{"class":50},[36,161714,161715,161717,161719,161721,161723,161725,161727,161729,161731],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,161716,5103],{"class":42},[36,161718,47],{"class":46},[36,161720,1333],{"class":50},[36,161722,13535],{"class":54},[36,161724,58],{"class":50},[36,161726,13540],{"class":54},[36,161728,58],{"class":50},[36,161730,28955],{"class":54},[36,161732,1355],{"class":50},[36,161734,161735,161738,161740,161742,161744,161746,161748,161750,161752,161754,161756,161758,161760,161763,161765],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,161736,161737],{"class":42},"grades ",[36,161739,47],{"class":46},[36,161741,1333],{"class":50},[36,161743,88],{"class":87},[36,161745,22277],{"class":91},[36,161747,88],{"class":87},[36,161749,58],{"class":50},[36,161751,99],{"class":87},[36,161753,30633],{"class":91},[36,161755,88],{"class":87},[36,161757,58],{"class":50},[36,161759,99],{"class":87},[36,161761,161762],{"class":91},"B+",[36,161764,88],{"class":87},[36,161766,1355],{"class":50},[36,161768,161769],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,161770,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,161772,161773,161775,161777,161779,161781,161783,161785,161787,161789,161791,161793,161796],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,161774,142],{"class":141},[36,161776,145],{"class":50},[36,161778,1225],{"class":80},[36,161780,145],{"class":50},[36,161782,64425],{"class":141},[36,161784,145],{"class":50},[36,161786,5078],{"class":148},[36,161788,58],{"class":50},[36,161790,5150],{"class":148},[36,161792,58],{"class":50},[36,161794,161795],{"class":148}," grades",[36,161797,2961],{"class":50},[14,161799,182],{},[26,161801,161803],{"className":28,"code":161802,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[33,161804,161805],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,161806,161807,161809,161811,161813,161815,161817,161819,161821,161823,161825,161827,161829,161831,161833,161835,161837,161839,161841,161843,161845,161847,161849,161851,161853,161855,161857,161859,161861,161863,161865,161867,161869,161871],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,161808,21772],{"class":50},[36,161810,211],{"class":87},[36,161812,12912],{"class":91},[36,161814,211],{"class":87},[36,161816,58],{"class":50},[36,161818,19930],{"class":54},[36,161820,58],{"class":50},[36,161822,220],{"class":87},[36,161824,22277],{"class":91},[36,161826,211],{"class":87},[36,161828,1140],{"class":50},[36,161830,1131],{"class":50},[36,161832,211],{"class":87},[36,161834,35977],{"class":91},[36,161836,211],{"class":87},[36,161838,58],{"class":50},[36,161840,13540],{"class":54},[36,161842,58],{"class":50},[36,161844,220],{"class":87},[36,161846,30633],{"class":91},[36,161848,211],{"class":87},[36,161850,1140],{"class":50},[36,161852,1131],{"class":50},[36,161854,211],{"class":87},[36,161856,35986],{"class":91},[36,161858,211],{"class":87},[36,161860,58],{"class":50},[36,161862,28955],{"class":54},[36,161864,58],{"class":50},[36,161866,220],{"class":87},[36,161868,161762],{"class":91},[36,161870,211],{"class":87},[36,161872,9282],{"class":50},[21,161874,161876],{"id":161875},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[14,161878,161879],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[26,161881,161883],{"className":28,"code":161882,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[33,161884,161885,161917,161937,161941,161965],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,161886,161887,161889,161891,161893,161895,161897,161899,161901,161903,161905,161907,161909,161911,161913,161915],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,161888,5034],{"class":42},[36,161890,47],{"class":46},[36,161892,1333],{"class":50},[36,161894,88],{"class":87},[36,161896,12912],{"class":91},[36,161898,88],{"class":87},[36,161900,58],{"class":50},[36,161902,99],{"class":87},[36,161904,35977],{"class":91},[36,161906,88],{"class":87},[36,161908,58],{"class":50},[36,161910,99],{"class":87},[36,161912,35986],{"class":91},[36,161914,88],{"class":87},[36,161916,1355],{"class":50},[36,161918,161919,161921,161923,161925,161927,161929,161931,161933,161935],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,161920,5103],{"class":42},[36,161922,47],{"class":46},[36,161924,1333],{"class":50},[36,161926,13535],{"class":54},[36,161928,58],{"class":50},[36,161930,13540],{"class":54},[36,161932,58],{"class":50},[36,161934,28955],{"class":54},[36,161936,1355],{"class":50},[36,161938,161939],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,161940,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,161942,161943,161945,161947,161949,161951,161953,161955,161957,161959,161961,161963],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,161944,5997],{"class":3917},[36,161946,36028],{"class":42},[36,161948,58],{"class":50},[36,161950,5145],{"class":42},[36,161952,3924],{"class":3917},[36,161954,161423],{"class":141},[36,161956,145],{"class":50},[36,161958,5078],{"class":148},[36,161960,58],{"class":50},[36,161962,5150],{"class":148},[36,161964,8378],{"class":50},[36,161966,161967,161969,161971,161973,161975,161977,161979,161981,161984,161986,161988,161990,161992],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,161968,8105],{"class":141},[36,161970,145],{"class":50},[36,161972,22326],{"class":847},[36,161974,88],{"class":91},[36,161976,192],{"class":54},[36,161978,1250],{"class":148},[36,161980,22335],{"class":54},[36,161982,161983],{"class":91}," scored ",[36,161985,192],{"class":54},[36,161987,85554],{"class":148},[36,161989,22335],{"class":54},[36,161991,88],{"class":91},[36,161993,152],{"class":50},[14,161995,182],{},[26,161997,161999],{"className":28,"code":161998,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[33,162000,162001,162008,162015],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,162002,162003,162006],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,162004,162005],{"class":42},"Ana scored ",[36,162007,33170],{"class":54},[36,162009,162010,162013],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,162011,162012],{"class":42},"Ben scored ",[36,162014,33175],{"class":54},[36,162016,162017,162020],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,162018,162019],{"class":42},"Cara scored ",[36,162021,33180],{"class":54},[14,162023,44968],{},[246,162025,162026,162035,162038],{},[249,162027,162028,162031,162032],{},[33,162029,162030],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[33,162033,162034],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[249,162036,162037],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[249,162039,162040,482,162042,162044],{},[33,162041,1250],{},[33,162043,85554],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[14,162046,162047,162048,303],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[294,162049,69649],{"href":69648},[21,162051,162053],{"id":162052},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[14,162055,162056,162058],{},[33,162057,64355],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,162060,162061],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[26,162063,162065],{"className":28,"code":162064,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[33,162066,162067,162108,162124,162128,162152],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,162068,162069,162071,162073,162075,162077,162079,162081,162083,162085,162087,162089,162091,162093,162095,162097,162099,162101,162104,162106],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,162070,5034],{"class":42},[36,162072,47],{"class":46},[36,162074,1333],{"class":50},[36,162076,88],{"class":87},[36,162078,12912],{"class":91},[36,162080,88],{"class":87},[36,162082,58],{"class":50},[36,162084,99],{"class":87},[36,162086,35977],{"class":91},[36,162088,88],{"class":87},[36,162090,58],{"class":50},[36,162092,99],{"class":87},[36,162094,35986],{"class":91},[36,162096,88],{"class":87},[36,162098,58],{"class":50},[36,162100,99],{"class":87},[36,162102,162103],{"class":91},"Dan",[36,162105,88],{"class":87},[36,162107,1355],{"class":50},[36,162109,162110,162112,162114,162116,162118,162120,162122],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,162111,5103],{"class":42},[36,162113,47],{"class":46},[36,162115,1333],{"class":50},[36,162117,13535],{"class":54},[36,162119,58],{"class":50},[36,162121,13540],{"class":54},[36,162123,1355],{"class":50},[36,162125,162126],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,162127,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,162129,162130,162132,162134,162136,162138,162140,162142,162144,162146,162148,162150],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,162131,5997],{"class":3917},[36,162133,36028],{"class":42},[36,162135,58],{"class":50},[36,162137,5145],{"class":42},[36,162139,3924],{"class":3917},[36,162141,161423],{"class":141},[36,162143,145],{"class":50},[36,162145,5078],{"class":148},[36,162147,58],{"class":50},[36,162149,5150],{"class":148},[36,162151,8378],{"class":50},[36,162153,162154,162156,162158,162160,162162,162164],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,162155,8105],{"class":141},[36,162157,145],{"class":50},[36,162159,1250],{"class":148},[36,162161,58],{"class":50},[36,162163,130711],{"class":148},[36,162165,152],{"class":50},[14,162167,182],{},[26,162169,162171],{"className":28,"code":162170,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[33,162172,162173,162179],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,162174,162175,162177],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,162176,133730],{"class":42},[36,162178,33170],{"class":54},[36,162180,162181,162183],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,162182,161465],{"class":42},[36,162184,33175],{"class":54},[14,162186,2337,162187,482,162190,162193],{},[33,162188,162189],{},"\"Cara\"",[33,162191,162192],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[14,162195,162196],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[26,162198,162200],{"className":28,"code":162199,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[33,162201,162202,162242,162258,162262],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,162203,162204,162206,162208,162210,162212,162214,162216,162218,162220,162222,162224,162226,162228,162230,162232,162234,162236,162238,162240],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,162205,5034],{"class":42},[36,162207,47],{"class":46},[36,162209,1333],{"class":50},[36,162211,88],{"class":87},[36,162213,12912],{"class":91},[36,162215,88],{"class":87},[36,162217,58],{"class":50},[36,162219,99],{"class":87},[36,162221,35977],{"class":91},[36,162223,88],{"class":87},[36,162225,58],{"class":50},[36,162227,99],{"class":87},[36,162229,35986],{"class":91},[36,162231,88],{"class":87},[36,162233,58],{"class":50},[36,162235,99],{"class":87},[36,162237,162103],{"class":91},[36,162239,88],{"class":87},[36,162241,1355],{"class":50},[36,162243,162244,162246,162248,162250,162252,162254,162256],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,162245,5103],{"class":42},[36,162247,47],{"class":46},[36,162249,1333],{"class":50},[36,162251,13535],{"class":54},[36,162253,58],{"class":50},[36,162255,13540],{"class":54},[36,162257,1355],{"class":50},[36,162259,162260],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,162261,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,162263,162264,162266,162268,162270,162272,162274,162276,162278,162280,162282],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,162265,142],{"class":141},[36,162267,145],{"class":50},[36,162269,438],{"class":141},[36,162271,145],{"class":50},[36,162273,5078],{"class":148},[36,162275,1140],{"class":50},[36,162277,38422],{"class":141},[36,162279,145],{"class":50},[36,162281,16418],{"class":148},[36,162283,445],{"class":50},[14,162285,182],{},[26,162287,162289],{"className":28,"code":162288,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"4 2\n",[33,162290,162291],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,162292,162293,162295],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,162294,2554],{"class":54},[36,162296,45627],{"class":54},[14,162298,162299,162300,303],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[33,162301,64355],{},[21,162303,92145,162305,162307],{"id":162304},"converting-zip-output",[33,162306,64355],{}," output",[14,162309,29096,162310,162312],{},[33,162311,64355],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[376,162314,495,162316],{"id":162315},"use-listzip",[33,162317,162318],{},"list(zip(...))",[14,162320,162321],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[26,162323,162325],{"className":28,"code":162324,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[33,162326,162327,162359,162379,162383,162405],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,162328,162329,162331,162333,162335,162337,162339,162341,162343,162345,162347,162349,162351,162353,162355,162357],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,162330,5034],{"class":42},[36,162332,47],{"class":46},[36,162334,1333],{"class":50},[36,162336,88],{"class":87},[36,162338,12912],{"class":91},[36,162340,88],{"class":87},[36,162342,58],{"class":50},[36,162344,99],{"class":87},[36,162346,35977],{"class":91},[36,162348,88],{"class":87},[36,162350,58],{"class":50},[36,162352,99],{"class":87},[36,162354,35986],{"class":91},[36,162356,88],{"class":87},[36,162358,1355],{"class":50},[36,162360,162361,162363,162365,162367,162369,162371,162373,162375,162377],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,162362,5103],{"class":42},[36,162364,47],{"class":46},[36,162366,1333],{"class":50},[36,162368,13535],{"class":54},[36,162370,58],{"class":50},[36,162372,13540],{"class":54},[36,162374,58],{"class":50},[36,162376,28955],{"class":54},[36,162378,1355],{"class":50},[36,162380,162381],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,162382,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,162384,162385,162387,162389,162391,162393,162395,162397,162399,162401,162403],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,162386,9250],{"class":42},[36,162388,47],{"class":46},[36,162390,22592],{"class":80},[36,162392,145],{"class":50},[36,162394,64425],{"class":141},[36,162396,145],{"class":50},[36,162398,5078],{"class":148},[36,162400,58],{"class":50},[36,162402,5150],{"class":148},[36,162404,445],{"class":50},[36,162406,162407,162409,162411,162413],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,162408,142],{"class":141},[36,162410,145],{"class":50},[36,162412,9295],{"class":148},[36,162414,152],{"class":50},[14,162416,182],{},[26,162418,162420],{"className":28,"code":162419,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[33,162421,162422],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,162423,162424,162426,162428,162430,162432,162434,162436,162438,162440,162442,162444,162446,162448,162450,162452,162454,162456,162458,162460,162462,162464],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,162425,21772],{"class":50},[36,162427,211],{"class":87},[36,162429,12912],{"class":91},[36,162431,211],{"class":87},[36,162433,58],{"class":50},[36,162435,19930],{"class":54},[36,162437,1140],{"class":50},[36,162439,1131],{"class":50},[36,162441,211],{"class":87},[36,162443,35977],{"class":91},[36,162445,211],{"class":87},[36,162447,58],{"class":50},[36,162449,13540],{"class":54},[36,162451,1140],{"class":50},[36,162453,1131],{"class":50},[36,162455,211],{"class":87},[36,162457,35986],{"class":91},[36,162459,211],{"class":87},[36,162461,58],{"class":50},[36,162463,28955],{"class":54},[36,162465,9282],{"class":50},[376,162467,495,162469],{"id":162468},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[33,162470,162471],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[14,162473,162474],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[26,162476,162478],{"className":28,"code":162477,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[33,162479,162480,162512,162540,162544,162566],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,162481,162482,162484,162486,162488,162490,162492,162494,162496,162498,162500,162502,162504,162506,162508,162510],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,162483,17272],{"class":42},[36,162485,47],{"class":46},[36,162487,1333],{"class":50},[36,162489,88],{"class":87},[36,162491,1250],{"class":91},[36,162493,88],{"class":87},[36,162495,58],{"class":50},[36,162497,99],{"class":87},[36,162499,9331],{"class":91},[36,162501,88],{"class":87},[36,162503,58],{"class":50},[36,162505,99],{"class":87},[36,162507,10439],{"class":91},[36,162509,88],{"class":87},[36,162511,1355],{"class":50},[36,162513,162514,162516,162518,162520,162522,162524,162526,162528,162530,162532,162534,162536,162538],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,162515,621],{"class":42},[36,162517,47],{"class":46},[36,162519,1333],{"class":50},[36,162521,88],{"class":87},[36,162523,12912],{"class":91},[36,162525,88],{"class":87},[36,162527,58],{"class":50},[36,162529,9338],{"class":54},[36,162531,58],{"class":50},[36,162533,99],{"class":87},[36,162535,16060],{"class":91},[36,162537,88],{"class":87},[36,162539,1355],{"class":50},[36,162541,162542],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,162543,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,162545,162546,162548,162550,162552,162554,162556,162558,162560,162562,162564],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,162547,13237],{"class":42},[36,162549,47],{"class":46},[36,162551,9205],{"class":80},[36,162553,145],{"class":50},[36,162555,64425],{"class":141},[36,162557,145],{"class":50},[36,162559,16953],{"class":148},[36,162561,58],{"class":50},[36,162563,3927],{"class":148},[36,162565,445],{"class":50},[36,162567,162568,162570,162572,162574],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,162569,142],{"class":141},[36,162571,145],{"class":50},[36,162573,17337],{"class":148},[36,162575,152],{"class":50},[14,162577,182],{},[26,162579,162581],{"className":28,"code":162580,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[33,162582,162583],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,162584,162585,162587,162589,162591,162593,162595,162597,162599,162601,162603,162605,162607,162609,162611,162613,162615,162617,162619,162621,162623,162625,162627,162629],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,162586,192],{"class":50},[36,162588,211],{"class":87},[36,162590,1250],{"class":91},[36,162592,211],{"class":87},[36,162594,1213],{"class":50},[36,162596,220],{"class":87},[36,162598,12912],{"class":91},[36,162600,211],{"class":87},[36,162602,58],{"class":50},[36,162604,220],{"class":87},[36,162606,9331],{"class":91},[36,162608,211],{"class":87},[36,162610,1213],{"class":50},[36,162612,9338],{"class":54},[36,162614,58],{"class":50},[36,162616,220],{"class":87},[36,162618,10439],{"class":91},[36,162620,211],{"class":87},[36,162622,1213],{"class":50},[36,162624,220],{"class":87},[36,162626,16060],{"class":91},[36,162628,211],{"class":87},[36,162630,69],{"class":50},[14,162632,162633,162634,303],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[294,162635,31120],{"href":31119},[376,162637,162639],{"id":162638},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[14,162641,162642],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[26,162644,162646],{"className":28,"code":162645,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[33,162647,162648,162672,162688,162692,162710,162714,162728],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,162649,162650,162652,162654,162656,162658,162660,162662,162664,162666,162668,162670],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,162651,5034],{"class":42},[36,162653,47],{"class":46},[36,162655,1333],{"class":50},[36,162657,88],{"class":87},[36,162659,12912],{"class":91},[36,162661,88],{"class":87},[36,162663,58],{"class":50},[36,162665,99],{"class":87},[36,162667,35977],{"class":91},[36,162669,88],{"class":87},[36,162671,1355],{"class":50},[36,162673,162674,162676,162678,162680,162682,162684,162686],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,162675,5103],{"class":42},[36,162677,47],{"class":46},[36,162679,1333],{"class":50},[36,162681,13535],{"class":54},[36,162683,58],{"class":50},[36,162685,13540],{"class":54},[36,162687,1355],{"class":50},[36,162689,162690],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,162691,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,162693,162694,162696,162698,162700,162702,162704,162706,162708],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,162695,9250],{"class":42},[36,162697,47],{"class":46},[36,162699,161423],{"class":141},[36,162701,145],{"class":50},[36,162703,5078],{"class":148},[36,162705,58],{"class":50},[36,162707,5150],{"class":148},[36,162709,152],{"class":50},[36,162711,162712],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,162713,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,162715,162716,162718,162720,162722,162724,162726],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,162717,142],{"class":141},[36,162719,145],{"class":50},[36,162721,1225],{"class":80},[36,162723,145],{"class":50},[36,162725,9295],{"class":148},[36,162727,445],{"class":50},[36,162729,162730,162732,162734,162736,162738,162740],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,162731,142],{"class":141},[36,162733,145],{"class":50},[36,162735,1225],{"class":80},[36,162737,145],{"class":50},[36,162739,9295],{"class":148},[36,162741,445],{"class":50},[14,162743,182],{},[26,162745,162747],{"className":28,"code":162746,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[33,162748,162749,162779],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,162750,162751,162753,162755,162757,162759,162761,162763,162765,162767,162769,162771,162773,162775,162777],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,162752,21772],{"class":50},[36,162754,211],{"class":87},[36,162756,12912],{"class":91},[36,162758,211],{"class":87},[36,162760,58],{"class":50},[36,162762,19930],{"class":54},[36,162764,1140],{"class":50},[36,162766,1131],{"class":50},[36,162768,211],{"class":87},[36,162770,35977],{"class":91},[36,162772,211],{"class":87},[36,162774,58],{"class":50},[36,162776,13540],{"class":54},[36,162778,9282],{"class":50},[36,162780,162781],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,162782,38333],{"class":50},[14,162784,162785],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[14,162787,162788,162789,303],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[294,162790,5176],{"href":5625},[21,162792,41082],{"id":41081},[14,162794,162795,162796,303],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[33,162797,64355],{},[376,162799,162801],{"id":162800},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[26,162803,162805],{"className":28,"code":162804,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[33,162806,162807,162839,162859,162863,162887],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,162808,162809,162811,162813,162815,162817,162819,162821,162823,162825,162827,162829,162831,162833,162835,162837],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,162810,5034],{"class":42},[36,162812,47],{"class":46},[36,162814,1333],{"class":50},[36,162816,88],{"class":87},[36,162818,12912],{"class":91},[36,162820,88],{"class":87},[36,162822,58],{"class":50},[36,162824,99],{"class":87},[36,162826,35977],{"class":91},[36,162828,88],{"class":87},[36,162830,58],{"class":50},[36,162832,99],{"class":87},[36,162834,35986],{"class":91},[36,162836,88],{"class":87},[36,162838,1355],{"class":50},[36,162840,162841,162843,162845,162847,162849,162851,162853,162855,162857],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,162842,5103],{"class":42},[36,162844,47],{"class":46},[36,162846,1333],{"class":50},[36,162848,13535],{"class":54},[36,162850,58],{"class":50},[36,162852,13540],{"class":54},[36,162854,58],{"class":50},[36,162856,28955],{"class":54},[36,162858,1355],{"class":50},[36,162860,162861],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,162862,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,162864,162865,162867,162869,162871,162873,162875,162877,162879,162881,162883,162885],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,162866,5997],{"class":3917},[36,162868,36028],{"class":42},[36,162870,58],{"class":50},[36,162872,5145],{"class":42},[36,162874,3924],{"class":3917},[36,162876,161423],{"class":141},[36,162878,145],{"class":50},[36,162880,5078],{"class":148},[36,162882,58],{"class":50},[36,162884,5150],{"class":148},[36,162886,8378],{"class":50},[36,162888,162889,162891,162893,162895,162897,162899,162901,162903,162905,162907,162909,162911,162913],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,162890,8105],{"class":141},[36,162892,145],{"class":50},[36,162894,22326],{"class":847},[36,162896,88],{"class":91},[36,162898,192],{"class":54},[36,162900,1250],{"class":148},[36,162902,22335],{"class":54},[36,162904,22338],{"class":91},[36,162906,192],{"class":54},[36,162908,85554],{"class":148},[36,162910,22335],{"class":54},[36,162912,88],{"class":91},[36,162914,152],{"class":50},[376,162916,162918],{"id":162917},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[26,162920,162922],{"className":28,"code":162921,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[33,162923,162924,162956,162980,162984,163006],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,162925,162926,162928,162930,162932,162934,162936,162938,162940,162942,162944,162946,162948,162950,162952,162954],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,162927,17272],{"class":42},[36,162929,47],{"class":46},[36,162931,1333],{"class":50},[36,162933,88],{"class":87},[36,162935,12680],{"class":91},[36,162937,88],{"class":87},[36,162939,58],{"class":50},[36,162941,99],{"class":87},[36,162943,1250],{"class":91},[36,162945,88],{"class":87},[36,162947,58],{"class":50},[36,162949,99],{"class":87},[36,162951,15850],{"class":91},[36,162953,88],{"class":87},[36,162955,1355],{"class":50},[36,162957,162958,162960,162962,162964,162966,162968,162970,162972,162974,162976,162978],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,162959,621],{"class":42},[36,162961,47],{"class":46},[36,162963,1333],{"class":50},[36,162965,46630],{"class":54},[36,162967,58],{"class":50},[36,162969,99],{"class":87},[36,162971,12912],{"class":91},[36,162973,88],{"class":87},[36,162975,58],{"class":50},[36,162977,1144],{"class":1143},[36,162979,1355],{"class":50},[36,162981,162982],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,162983,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,162985,162986,162988,162990,162992,162994,162996,162998,163000,163002,163004],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,162987,9200],{"class":42},[36,162989,47],{"class":46},[36,162991,9205],{"class":80},[36,162993,145],{"class":50},[36,162995,64425],{"class":141},[36,162997,145],{"class":50},[36,162999,16953],{"class":148},[36,163001,58],{"class":50},[36,163003,3927],{"class":148},[36,163005,445],{"class":50},[36,163007,163008,163010,163012,163014],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,163009,142],{"class":141},[36,163011,145],{"class":50},[36,163013,9239],{"class":148},[36,163015,152],{"class":50},[376,163017,163019],{"id":163018},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[26,163021,163023],{"className":28,"code":163022,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[33,163024,163025,163045,163065,163069,163094],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,163026,163027,163029,163031,163033,163035,163037,163039,163041,163043],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,163028,80692],{"class":42},[36,163030,47],{"class":46},[36,163032,1333],{"class":50},[36,163034,631],{"class":54},[36,163036,58],{"class":50},[36,163038,636],{"class":54},[36,163040,58],{"class":50},[36,163042,645],{"class":54},[36,163044,1355],{"class":50},[36,163046,163047,163049,163051,163053,163055,163057,163059,163061,163063],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,163048,80713],{"class":42},[36,163050,47],{"class":46},[36,163052,1333],{"class":50},[36,163054,631],{"class":54},[36,163056,58],{"class":50},[36,163058,9338],{"class":54},[36,163060,58],{"class":50},[36,163062,645],{"class":54},[36,163064,1355],{"class":50},[36,163066,163067],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,163068,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,163070,163071,163073,163075,163077,163080,163082,163084,163086,163088,163090,163092],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,163072,5997],{"class":3917},[36,163074,56925],{"class":42},[36,163076,58],{"class":50},[36,163078,163079],{"class":42}," b ",[36,163081,3924],{"class":3917},[36,163083,161423],{"class":141},[36,163085,145],{"class":50},[36,163087,111598],{"class":148},[36,163089,58],{"class":50},[36,163091,80756],{"class":148},[36,163093,8378],{"class":50},[36,163095,163096,163098,163100,163102,163104,163106],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,163097,8105],{"class":141},[36,163099,145],{"class":50},[36,163101,2604],{"class":148},[36,163103,4727],{"class":46},[36,163105,2609],{"class":148},[36,163107,152],{"class":50},[14,163109,182],{},[26,163111,163113],{"className":28,"code":163112,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[33,163114,163115,163119,163123],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,163116,163117],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,163118,4020],{"class":1143},[36,163120,163121],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,163122,4081],{"class":1143},[36,163124,163125],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,163126,4020],{"class":1143},[376,163128,163130],{"id":163129},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[26,163132,163134],{"className":28,"code":163133,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[33,163135,163136,163171,163194,163198,163225],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,163137,163138,163141,163143,163145,163147,163149,163151,163153,163155,163158,163160,163162,163164,163167,163169],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,163139,163140],{"class":42},"products ",[36,163142,47],{"class":46},[36,163144,1333],{"class":50},[36,163146,88],{"class":87},[36,163148,25174],{"class":91},[36,163150,88],{"class":87},[36,163152,58],{"class":50},[36,163154,99],{"class":87},[36,163156,163157],{"class":91},"Pen",[36,163159,88],{"class":87},[36,163161,58],{"class":50},[36,163163,99],{"class":87},[36,163165,163166],{"class":91},"Bag",[36,163168,88],{"class":87},[36,163170,1355],{"class":50},[36,163172,163173,163175,163177,163179,163182,163184,163187,163189,163192],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,163174,83082],{"class":42},[36,163176,47],{"class":46},[36,163178,1333],{"class":50},[36,163180,163181],{"class":54},"12.5",[36,163183,58],{"class":50},[36,163185,163186],{"class":54}," 1.2",[36,163188,58],{"class":50},[36,163190,163191],{"class":54}," 25.0",[36,163193,1355],{"class":50},[36,163195,163196],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,163197,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,163199,163200,163202,163204,163206,163209,163211,163213,163215,163218,163220,163223],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,163201,5997],{"class":3917},[36,163203,25235],{"class":42},[36,163205,58],{"class":50},[36,163207,163208],{"class":42}," price ",[36,163210,3924],{"class":3917},[36,163212,161423],{"class":141},[36,163214,145],{"class":50},[36,163216,163217],{"class":148},"products",[36,163219,58],{"class":50},[36,163221,163222],{"class":148}," prices",[36,163224,8378],{"class":50},[36,163226,163227,163229,163231,163233,163235,163237,163239,163241,163244,163246,163248,163250,163252],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,163228,8105],{"class":141},[36,163230,145],{"class":50},[36,163232,22326],{"class":847},[36,163234,88],{"class":91},[36,163236,192],{"class":54},[36,163238,27043],{"class":148},[36,163240,22335],{"class":54},[36,163242,163243],{"class":91}," costs $",[36,163245,192],{"class":54},[36,163247,25183],{"class":148},[36,163249,22335],{"class":54},[36,163251,88],{"class":91},[36,163253,152],{"class":50},[14,163255,36636,163256,303],{},[294,163257,163259],{"href":163258},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[21,163261,163263,163264],{"id":163262},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[33,163265,64355],{},[376,163267,8489,163269,163271],{"id":163268},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[33,163270,64355],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[14,163273,163274,163276],{},[33,163275,64355],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,163278,163279],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[26,163281,163283],{"className":28,"code":163282,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[33,163284,163285],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,163286,163287,163289,163291,163293,163295,163297,163299,163301,163303,163305],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,163288,142],{"class":141},[36,163290,145],{"class":50},[36,163292,438],{"class":141},[36,163294,145],{"class":50},[36,163296,111598],{"class":148},[36,163298,1140],{"class":50},[36,163300,38422],{"class":141},[36,163302,145],{"class":50},[36,163304,80979],{"class":148},[36,163306,445],{"class":50},[376,163308,163310],{"id":163309},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[14,163312,68872],{},[26,163314,163316],{"className":28,"code":163315,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[33,163317,163318,163354,163358,163371,163381,163385,163397],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,163319,163320,163322,163324,163326,163328,163330,163332,163334,163336,163338,163340,163342,163344,163346,163348,163350,163352],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,163321,9250],{"class":42},[36,163323,47],{"class":46},[36,163325,161423],{"class":141},[36,163327,84],{"class":50},[36,163329,55],{"class":54},[36,163331,58],{"class":50},[36,163333,61],{"class":54},[36,163335,18093],{"class":50},[36,163337,1333],{"class":50},[36,163339,88],{"class":87},[36,163341,294],{"class":91},[36,163343,88],{"class":87},[36,163345,58],{"class":50},[36,163347,99],{"class":87},[36,163349,1707],{"class":91},[36,163351,88],{"class":87},[36,163353,115],{"class":50},[36,163355,163356],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,163357,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,163359,163360,163362,163364,163366,163369],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,163361,5997],{"class":3917},[36,163363,6000],{"class":42},[36,163365,3924],{"class":3917},[36,163367,163368],{"class":42}," pairs",[36,163370,6433],{"class":50},[36,163372,163373,163375,163377,163379],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,163374,8105],{"class":141},[36,163376,145],{"class":50},[36,163378,23343],{"class":148},[36,163380,152],{"class":50},[36,163382,163383],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,163384,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,163386,163387,163389,163391,163393,163395],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,163388,5997],{"class":3917},[36,163390,6000],{"class":42},[36,163392,3924],{"class":3917},[36,163394,163368],{"class":42},[36,163396,6433],{"class":50},[36,163398,163399,163401,163403,163405],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,163400,8105],{"class":141},[36,163402,145],{"class":50},[36,163404,23343],{"class":148},[36,163406,152],{"class":50},[14,163408,163409],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[376,163411,163413],{"id":163412},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[14,163415,163416],{},"This is correct:",[26,163418,163420],{"className":28,"code":163419,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[33,163421,163422,163446,163462,163466,163490],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,163423,163424,163426,163428,163430,163432,163434,163436,163438,163440,163442,163444],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,163425,5034],{"class":42},[36,163427,47],{"class":46},[36,163429,1333],{"class":50},[36,163431,88],{"class":87},[36,163433,12912],{"class":91},[36,163435,88],{"class":87},[36,163437,58],{"class":50},[36,163439,99],{"class":87},[36,163441,35977],{"class":91},[36,163443,88],{"class":87},[36,163445,1355],{"class":50},[36,163447,163448,163450,163452,163454,163456,163458,163460],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,163449,5103],{"class":42},[36,163451,47],{"class":46},[36,163453,1333],{"class":50},[36,163455,13535],{"class":54},[36,163457,58],{"class":50},[36,163459,13540],{"class":54},[36,163461,1355],{"class":50},[36,163463,163464],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,163465,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,163467,163468,163470,163472,163474,163476,163478,163480,163482,163484,163486,163488],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,163469,5997],{"class":3917},[36,163471,36028],{"class":42},[36,163473,58],{"class":50},[36,163475,5145],{"class":42},[36,163477,3924],{"class":3917},[36,163479,161423],{"class":141},[36,163481,145],{"class":50},[36,163483,5078],{"class":148},[36,163485,58],{"class":50},[36,163487,5150],{"class":148},[36,163489,8378],{"class":50},[36,163491,163492,163494,163496,163498,163500,163502],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,163493,8105],{"class":141},[36,163495,145],{"class":50},[36,163497,1250],{"class":148},[36,163499,58],{"class":50},[36,163501,130711],{"class":148},[36,163503,152],{"class":50},[14,163505,163506],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[26,163508,163510],{"className":28,"code":163509,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[33,163511,163512,163532],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,163513,163514,163516,163518,163520,163522,163524,163526,163528,163530],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,163515,5997],{"class":3917},[36,163517,6000],{"class":42},[36,163519,3924],{"class":3917},[36,163521,161423],{"class":141},[36,163523,145],{"class":50},[36,163525,5078],{"class":148},[36,163527,58],{"class":50},[36,163529,5150],{"class":148},[36,163531,8378],{"class":50},[36,163533,163534,163536,163538,163540],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,163535,8105],{"class":141},[36,163537,145],{"class":50},[36,163539,23343],{"class":148},[36,163541,152],{"class":50},[14,163543,182],{},[26,163545,163547],{"className":28,"code":163546,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[33,163548,163549,163565],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,163550,163551,163553,163555,163557,163559,163561,163563],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,163552,145],{"class":50},[36,163554,211],{"class":87},[36,163556,12912],{"class":91},[36,163558,211],{"class":87},[36,163560,58],{"class":50},[36,163562,19930],{"class":54},[36,163564,152],{"class":50},[36,163566,163567,163569,163571,163573,163575,163577,163579],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,163568,145],{"class":50},[36,163570,211],{"class":87},[36,163572,35977],{"class":91},[36,163574,211],{"class":87},[36,163576,58],{"class":50},[36,163578,13540],{"class":54},[36,163580,152],{"class":50},[14,163582,163583],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[376,163585,1462,163587,163589,163590],{"id":163586},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[33,163588,64355],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[33,163591,35785],{},[14,163593,495,163594,163596],{},[33,163595,64355],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[14,163598,495,163599,163601],{},[33,163600,35785],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[26,163603,163604],{"className":28,"code":35954,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,163605,163606,163638,163642,163662],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,163607,163608,163610,163612,163614,163616,163618,163620,163622,163624,163626,163628,163630,163632,163634,163636],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,163609,5034],{"class":42},[36,163611,47],{"class":46},[36,163613,1333],{"class":50},[36,163615,88],{"class":87},[36,163617,12912],{"class":91},[36,163619,88],{"class":87},[36,163621,58],{"class":50},[36,163623,99],{"class":87},[36,163625,35977],{"class":91},[36,163627,88],{"class":87},[36,163629,58],{"class":50},[36,163631,99],{"class":87},[36,163633,35986],{"class":91},[36,163635,88],{"class":87},[36,163637,1355],{"class":50},[36,163639,163640],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,163641,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,163643,163644,163646,163648,163650,163652,163654,163656,163658,163660],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,163645,5997],{"class":3917},[36,163647,35857],{"class":42},[36,163649,58],{"class":50},[36,163651,36005],{"class":42},[36,163653,3924],{"class":3917},[36,163655,35867],{"class":141},[36,163657,145],{"class":50},[36,163659,5078],{"class":148},[36,163661,8378],{"class":50},[36,163663,163664,163666,163668,163670,163672,163674],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,163665,8105],{"class":141},[36,163667,145],{"class":50},[36,163669,35882],{"class":148},[36,163671,58],{"class":50},[36,163673,36028],{"class":148},[36,163675,152],{"class":50},[14,163677,163678,163679,303],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[294,163680,1935,163681,3554],{"href":92057},[33,163682,35785],{},[21,163684,1872],{"id":1871},[376,163686,5182,163688,5185],{"id":163687},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[33,163689,64355],{},[14,163691,163692],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[376,163694,12735,163696,163698],{"id":163695},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[33,163697,64355],{}," work with different lengths?",[14,163700,163701],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[376,163703,163705,163706,2541],{"id":163704},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[33,163707,64355],{},[14,163709,163710,163711,303],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[33,163712,162318],{},[376,163714,163716,163717,2541],{"id":163715},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[33,163718,64355],{},[14,163720,128076,163721,163723],{},[33,163722,162471],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[376,163725,163727],{"id":163726},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[14,163729,163730],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[21,163732,1923],{"id":1922},[246,163734,163735,163740,163746,163750,163754],{},[249,163736,163737],{},[294,163738,163739],{"href":163258},"How to use zip in Python",[249,163741,163742],{},[294,163743,1935,163744,3554],{"href":92057},[33,163745,35785],{},[249,163747,163748],{},[294,163749,5257],{"href":5625},[249,163751,163752],{},[294,163753,69725],{"href":69648},[249,163755,163756],{},[294,163757,32294],{"href":31119},[1962,163759,163760],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":163762},[163763,163764,163766,163767,163768,163769,163777,163783,163792,163803],{"id":2050,"depth":72,"text":2051},{"id":161482,"depth":72,"text":163765},"What zip() does",{"id":2204,"depth":72,"text":2205},{"id":161875,"depth":72,"text":161876},{"id":162052,"depth":72,"text":162053},{"id":162304,"depth":72,"text":163770,"children":163771},"Converting zip() output",[163772,163774,163776],{"id":162315,"depth":118,"text":163773},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162468,"depth":118,"text":163775},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162638,"depth":118,"text":162639},{"id":41081,"depth":72,"text":41082,"children":163778},[163779,163780,163781,163782],{"id":162800,"depth":118,"text":162801},{"id":162917,"depth":118,"text":162918},{"id":163018,"depth":118,"text":163019},{"id":163129,"depth":118,"text":163130},{"id":163262,"depth":72,"text":163784,"children":163785},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163786,163788,163789,163790],{"id":163268,"depth":118,"text":163787},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163309,"depth":118,"text":163310},{"id":163412,"depth":118,"text":163413},{"id":163586,"depth":118,"text":163791},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":163793},[163794,163796,163798,163800,163802],{"id":163687,"depth":118,"text":163795},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163695,"depth":118,"text":163797},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163704,"depth":118,"text":163799},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163715,"depth":118,"text":163801},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163726,"depth":118,"text":163727},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161324,"description":163804},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944976201]